5 riepecrpoHKa h HOBcfiuiaa nojiMTHMecKaa ncTopnH Pocchm 5.1 I IcpccrpoiiKa h pacna i CoBeTCKoro Conm B cepeflMHe 80-x ronoB Cobctckhh C0103 nepe>KHBaji nojiMTHMecKHH, co- HHaJlbHO-3KOHOMHMeCKMH h KyjIbTypHblíí KpH3HC. Flo OCHOBHbIM nOKa3aTCJlHM KaMecTBa >km3hm cTpaHa OTCTaBajia ot jipyrax rocyaapcTB Eßponbi. B MapTe 1985 roaa TeHepajibHbiM ceKpeTapeM UK KJ1CC 6biJi H36pan M. C. TopoaMeB, KOTopbiří nojio>Kwi Hanajio ,ueMOHTa>Ky TOTajiMTapHori cm-CTeMbi. Oh nonbiTajica yjiynwHTb couH&nM3M, 3anBHJi o B03BpaTe k o6me- 'ICJIOBeMeCKMM UeHHOCTHM hor pyKOBOflCTBOM KOMMyHHCTHMeCKOM ľiapTHM. Ocjiaôjia ueH3ypa, npeKpaTMJiHCb npecncaoBanHH 3a nojiHTHMecKwe B3nifl,abi, us TtopeM n ccbiJioK CT3JIM B03BpamaTbca jieHTejiM ÄMCCMjieHTCKoro, npaBO-iauiMTHoro flBHweHHH. JIo3yHraMH napTMH cTajiw ycKopenne, rviacHOCTb n nepecTpořiKa. Bbuia nocTaBjieHa 3a,naHa ycKopeHwa sKOHOMHHecKoro pa3BMTHH CTpaHbi. I lepecTpoMKa xo3HÍícTBeHHoro MexaHM3Ma npcunojiarajia paciiiHpeHHe npaB lipe^npHJITHH, mx CaMOCTOflTeJlbHOCTb, BHOapeHHe pa3JIHMHbIX cpopM xo3pac- MeTa, noBbiiueHMe 3aHHTepecoBaHHocTn paöoTHHKOB b pe3yjibTaTax CBoero Tpyfla. ripoBOflHjiHCb Bbiöopbi pyKOBOflMTe^eří npe,anpnHTHH. XleicriapHpoBajiCH Kypc Ha npnopHTeTHoe pa3BHTHe counajibHOH ccpepbi: yBejiHneHHe jkhjthiu-iioro CTpoMTejibCTBa, paciunpeHHe ccpepbi yonyr, ycHJieHHe MaTepwajibHoM 0a3bi o6pa30BaHnn, 3,apaBooxpaHeHMH, KyjibTypbi. BbiJia pa3pciueHa 3anpe-meHHaa panee KOonepaTOBnan m hh^HBHflyajibHaa TpyaoBan ,neflTe;ibHOCTb (3aKOH O KOOnepaUHH m 3aKOH OD HHflMBMAyajlbHOH TpyjlOBOH ^eflTejlbHOCTH 6bijiH npHHJiTbi b 1988 r.). B 1990 r. npMHHTO IlocTaHOBJieHMC BepxoBHoro CoBeTa CCCP «0 KOHuenuwH nepexojia k peryjinpyeMoii pbmoMHoŕí skoho-MHKe». OflHaKo 3TH Mepbi He flajiH »cejiaeMoro pe3y;ibTaTa. HcuocTaTOMHaa peiiJHTe^bHocTb b npoBCueHMH pecpopM Bejia k jiajibHeííujeMy yxymuenmo jKOHOMHMecKoro nojioxeHHJi Hace^eHHn. nojiKH rocyaapcTBeHHbix Mara-iHHOB nycTejin, ueHbi b MacTHOíí ToproBJie 6biJiH öojibuiMHCTBy jiroaeü hciio-cTynHbi. JleTOM 1989 r. Hanajincb nepBbie 3a6acTOBKH paöoMHx, no CTpaHe npoKaTHJiHCb «wanHbie», «Ta6aiiHbie», «MbuibHbie» öyHTbi, CBjnaHHbie c He,ao- CTäTKOM 3THX TOBapOB. B MapTe 1990 r. M. Top6aiieB 6bui M36paH FIpe3H,neHTOM CCCP. C cepe-juiHbi 1990 r. coBeTCKoe pyKOBOÄCTBO 6buio Bbmy>k.ncHO npH3HaTb Heoöxo- 51 ilMMOCTb pa3peiUeHHH MaCTHOM C06CTBeHHOCTM Ha cpejjcTBa npOM3BO^CTBa. npe3H^eHTy 6buio npe,ono>KeHO HecKonbKO nporpaMM nepexoiia k pbiHOMHOH jkohomhkc H36paHHaa mm nporpaMMa He npnB&na k cepbe3Hoii CTpyKTyp-hoh nepecTpoilKe skohomhkc xoth neKOTopbie H3MeHeHH*i Bce-TaKH npo-m30lujih: noflBMJiCH n CTan pacTH cnoii npeAnpHHHMaTejieH. K co>K3^eHHK), ocHOBHan Macca MacTHbix KanMTa^oB Haxoamia npHMeHeHne TOJibKo b ccpepe ToproRiH h aeHe>KHoro o6pameHHn. B 1990 r. JIstbha, JInTBa, 3ctohhh, a 3aTeM h PoccHHCKan e,n,epauMfl npnHRTiH JJeoapauMM o rocy^apcTBeHHOM cyBepeHMTeTe. BecHOH 3Toro rofla namuicx BTopoii 3Tan nonMTMMecKOM peqbopMbi. Bbuia OTMeHeHa 6-a CT3Tba KoHCTMTyuHH, npoB03rji3UJ3BLi]a$i «pyKOBOAHmyio h H3np3BJi$nomyio pojib KnCC». Bbura oaejiaHa nonbiTKa pecpopMHpoB3Tb KFICC no o6pa3uy 3anaa-hux couHaji-^eMOKpaTH'iecKHx napTHfi, onHaKO OHa 6buia HeyflaMHoii. k KOHuy hkdjih 1991 rofla nocne ocrpbix flHCKyccnii ripe3MfleHTy CCCP m. rop6aiieBy h pyKOBon,MTe;i$iM 9 coK)3Hbix pecny6jiMK - Pocchh, YKpaHHbi, Ka3axcTaHa, BejiopyccHH, ApMeHHH, y36eKMCTaHa, Ta/JXHKncTaHa, Typx-MeHMH, KnprH3MH - y,aanocb npeoaojieTb npoTHBopennfl b npoeKTe hobo-to Coio3Horo JJoroBops, nofljiMCSHne KOToporo HaMeMajiocb Ha 20 aBrycTa 1991 r. Ha 21 aBrycTa 6buio H33H3iieHO 3accnaHwe CoBeTa KiieHH5i ruiaHa pa,aHKajiH3au,hh peqoopM. rioflnMcaHHe HOBoro CoK)3Horo /ioroBopa 03H3H3J10 6bi, no cymecTBy, nepexoji k .nencTBHTejibHO cpeaepaTHBHOMy rocy/oapcTBy, ycrpaHeHHe p*i/j,a cno>KHBiiJHxcfl b CCCP KOHcepBaTMBHbix rocy/aspcTBeHHbix CTpyKTyp ii 3a-MeHy nx hobwmm. KoHcepBaTopw b pyKOBOflCTBe CTpaHbi, He cyMeB copBaTb Coi03Hb[h JJoroBop Ha CTaflHH pa3pa6oTKM npoeKTa, peiumin ne aonycTHTb ero noflnHcaHHn nyreM 3aroBopa n rocyaapcTBeHHoro nepeBopoTa. B noMb c 18 Ha 19 aBrycTa 1991 r., Korjja npe3H/j,eHT rop6aiieB naxo-amjich b omycKe b KpbiMy, KOHcepBaTnBHoe Kpbmo b pyKOBoncTBe CCCP (Bnue-npe3HfleHT T. flHaeB, npeMbep-MHHMCTp B. riaBJiOB, mhhhctp o6oponbi J\. fl30B, mhhmctp BHyTpeHHHX fleji B. Flyro, npeAcejxaTejib KTB B. Kpkjmkob m jip.) ynpeaHJio rocy/oapcTBeHHbiH kommtct no iipe3BbiiiaMHOMy nono:>Ke-hmk) b cTpaHe (TKHn) m o6i>aBMJio o hhcio11nn qpe3BbiiiaHHoro nojioxeHMn b neKOTopbix paiioHax CCCP. Ohm M30JiMpoBajiM Mnxanna rop6aiieBa b ero Kpi.IMCKOH pe3MAeHUMM OpOC m oGTjHBMJIM, MTO OH 6ojieH m He MO)KeT MC- iiojiiiMTb cboh o6n3aHHocTM, no3TOMy BJiacTb nepexo^HT k BMu,e-npe3HiieHTy >lnaeBy. B MocKBy 6buiM BBe/jeHbi BoiiCKa, ycTaHOBjieH KOMeHjiaHTCKMii Mac, taiipemeiibi ,neMOKpaTHiiecKHe ra3eTbi, nocTaBJieHbi non KOHTponb pa/ono 52 ii icjieBMfleHHe. K JleHMHrpa^y 6buiH BbianaHbi TaHKM. B nepBbin acHh no paAHO nepeaaBa^H ranbKO KJiaccHMecKyio My3biKy, a no TejieBMjieHMK) jiBa pa la noKa3anH 6ajieT «Jle6eflMHoe 03epo». OflHaKO r3KaiienMCTbi HenpaBH^bHO ouchmjim B03Mo>KHyK) peaKUHK) (lojibLUMHCTBa poccMMCKoro HacejieHMH. 3Ta peaKUHn xapaKTepH30Bajiacb pemMTe^bHbiM HenpHJiTMeM 3aroBopa m TBepjiOM nojmepxKOM poccMMCKoro 11l>abMTejibCTBa. Pna perHOHOB CTpaHbi. HeKOTopwe bomhckmc m3ctm onca3a-iincb BbinojiHfiTb pemeHMJi TKMn. Oco6eHHO npKO sto npoHBMjiocb b Mo- CKBC, CTaBLUeH 3nMUeHTpOM flpaMaTHMeCKMX C06blTMH. ConpoTHBJieHMe nyTiimct3m B03rjiaBMjr npe3HjieHT Pocchh B. EnbUHH m no-iHTHMecKoe pyKOBOflCTBO poccHMCKHX napjiaMeHTa h npaBHTejibCTBa. Y>Ke yrpoM 19 aBrycTa B. EifibunH M3^a^ cepnio yKa30B, KBajiHcpnunpyfl fleiicTBHJi I KMn k;ik rocyjjapcTBeHHbiH nepeBopoT, a ero yiacTHMKOB KaK «rocyaap-crijeHHbix npecTynHHKOB». Oh o6paTM^cH k BoeHnocjiyjKainHM c npH3biBOM iic BbinojiHHTb npnKa3bi TKHn. HepenjHTe^bnocTb h pacKOJi b BOHCKax, He ocMejinBiuMxca npopBaTbca "iepe3 6e3opy>KHbix ^roflen, KOTopwe BCTajiM Ha ny™ TaHKOB w BbiKa3a^n peiiJHMOCTb 3aniMmaTb poccniicKyK) BJiacTb ueHoii co6cTBeHHbix 5KH3He(i; OTK33 cneurpynnbi «Ajib(pa» njTypMOBaTb 3flaHHe npaBHTejibCTBa PKKa no3MUHH B. E^bunHa 6o^biiJHHCTBOM npaBHTejibCTB cTpaH Mnpa - Bee stm cpaKTopbi o6yc^oBHjin to, mto MeHee iieM 3a Tpoe cyTOK nonbiTKa rocy^apcTBeHHoro nepeBopoTa 6bijra ^HKBH^npoBaHa. 3Ta Heyaa'ia pe3KO ycKopw^a nponecc pacna^a CCCP, npHBejia, no cy-mecTBy, k ynpa3AHeHHK) npexHHX HHCTHTyTOB neHTpanbuoii B^acTH. Bee coio3Hbie pecny6jiHKH npHHHJiH 3aKOHbi o cyBepeuMTeTax, AejiaBiune hx cpaK- TH'ieCKH HenOflB^aCTHblMH Mockbc 8 aeKaSpn 1991 ro^a bo BpeMH BCTpeMh b BejiopyccHH JiHflepbi Tpex cjiaBJiH-ckhx pecny6jiHK 3aic/iK)MHjiH cenapaTHoe MOKrocyjiapcTBeHHoe corjiarueHHc -BejioBoxcKyio jieicnapanMK), - b kotopom roBopHJiocb: «Mbi, pyKOBOAHTejin Pecny6^MKM Bejiapycb, PCCP, YKpaHHbi, OTMeMan, mto neperoBopw o no^-roTOBKe HOBoro Coio3Horo aoroBOpa 3aujjiH b TynHK, o6T>eKTMBHbiM npouecc Bbixo^a pecny6^hk H3 cocraBa CoK)3a CCP h o6pa30Banne He3aBHCHMbix ro-cy^apcTB CTan peanbHbiM cpaKTOM..., 3aaan$ieM 06 o6pa30B3HHH CoapyxecTBa He33BMCHMbix TocyflapcTB*. 25 aeKa6pn 1991 ro^a M. rop6aiieB noanMcs^ yK33 o cjiokchhh c ce6n iio^HOMOMHM ripe3M^eHT3 CCCP. B 3TOT >Ke BeMep c CpJiarilJTOKa Iiajl 6blBUJHM 53 ijiaHneM BepxoBHoro CoBeTa b KpeMJie 6biJi cnymeH KpacHbiří cp.nar CCCP h iioiuíHTTpexuBeTHbiŕí poccnŕícKMH (p/iai\ CoBeTCKHH CoK>3 npeKpaTnn CBoe cymecTBOBaHMe, He rothHyb hhth rhch a/3 cBoeíí 69-ti roflOBuiHHbi. 5.2 HoBeňuian iiojihTHMCCKan HCTopmi Pocchm C 3Toro BpeMeHH HaMMHaeTca HOBaa nojiHTHMecKan hctophh Pocenu k3k caMOCTOHTejTbHoro rocyuapcTBa. B jjeKaöpe 1993 r. BceHapo^HbiM rojiocoBamieM ôbuia npHHJľra Kohctm-TyuMH Poccmhckom eaepau,HH, npeflycMaTpHBaioman cTpoHTejibCTBo P k3k npe3MjieHTCKOH pecnyöjiHKH m ycHJieHne po;iH Hcno;iHHTe;ibHOH anacTH. npe3Haewr. ľlepBbiM npe3HfleHTOM Pocenu b TeiieHne .UByx cpoKOB (c 1991 r. no 1999 r.) 6bui Bopnc EnbUHH. 31 aeKaöpa 1999 r. B. EnbUHH aocpomho yiueji b OTCTaBKy, nepe^aB aiacTb npeMbep-MHHHCTpy P<1> Bjm,UHMHpy FlyTHHy, KOTopbiŕí b TeiieHne Tpex Meca-ueB coBMemaji 3Ty ^o^^cHOCTb c nocTOM HcnojiHHiomero oösnaHHocTH npe-3HjieHTa. Xotsi ji,o^>KHOCTb BKyne c 3,hm h h hctp3th bh mm pecypcoM .oaBajín ľlyTHHy HBHoe npeMMymecTBO nepefl ocTajibHbiMH KaHflH^aTaMM Ha nocT npe3n-iieHTa, Hejib35i CKa3aTb, mto ero no6e,na ôbuia oöycnoBjieHa sthm cpaKTOM. B 1999-2000 roü,ax ^MÖepajibi Bujenu b ílyraHe Ha^OKiiy Ha pecpopMnpo- 11,1111 ic 3KOHOMHKH, rOCyflSpCTBeHHHKH - Ha B03pO>KÄeHHe BCIHKOH POCCHH, napofl - Ha yiyMiuenne counajibnoíí cnTyau.nn. CMHTaeTCH, mto noBbimeHHK) nonyjiapHOCTH ľlyTHHa cnocoôcTBOBajio h H3Mano JieTOM 1999 lojia BTopoií MeiieHCKOÍi k;i m i ia 111111. KOTopan íipwBejia k B03BpameHHio kohtpojih iiaa ma-tokhoíí HeMHeŕi. 26 MapTa 2000 r. B. ľlyTHH 6bui H36paH npe3H,ueHTOM Pocchh Ha BceHa-po^Hbix Bbiöopax, nojiyMHB 53 npoueHT3 ranocoB.. noMTH cpa3y nocjie BCTyruieHHa riyrHHa b flOJDKHOCTb b Pocchh Haiiajiocb nocTeneHHoe «33KpyMHB3HHe raeK». BnpoMeM, nepBbie ero warn Ka3ajincb jih6o npoÄOJi>KeHHeM hojihthkh, HaiiaToŕí eme npn EnbiiHHe (npec.ne.aoB3HHe BjiajiHMHpa TycHHCKoro, npHBcmiiee b KOHue kohuob k MOHonojiH3au,HH rocyjiapcTBOM TCfiescpHps ôbuin HHMUHHpoBaHbi coBceM He riyTHHbiM), jihôo iteHCTBHHMH, nyCTb H npOTHBOpeMHBLUHMH HCHOJITHM TpajJ,HLl,HHM pOCCHÍÍCKO- 54 lo jiH6epa^M3Ma, ho Hy>KHbiMH aaa yKperuieHHa rocy^apcTBa (TaKOBbiM, h3-npiiMep, Ka3anncb BBejieHne nocTOB npeaeraBHTeneii npe3HjjenTa b pernoHax n H3rnaHHe H3 CTpaHbi o^nrapxa Bopnca Bepe30BCKoro, HMeBiuero bjihhhhc na B. E^bUHHa h ero OKpyxKHMOM» TOJIbKO n 2003-2004 roay, nocjie Hanajia «aejia K)KOCa», fleKaôpbCKHx BbiôopoB n ľocnyMy, otct3bkm npaBHTejibCTBa Mhxshjis KacbUHOBa, hobwx npe3njieiiT- CKHX BblÔOpOB, OK33aBHJMXCH (pSKTHMeCKH 6e33JIbTepH3THBHbIMH, OTMCIlbl i yfiepHaTopcKHX BbiöopoB h npoMHX H3MeHeHHH, flBHO HanpaB^eHHbix na ncHTpa^H3auHK) nojíHTHMecKOH cHCTeMbi BOKpyr npe3H4eHTa. C" tomkh 3peHHÍI OTHOLUeHHÍI k TJiaBe TOCyflapCTBa pOCCHHCKOe OÔmeCTBO ccH'iac MOJKHO yc^OBHO pa3ae^HTb Ha HecKOJTbKO rpynn. Bo-nepBbix, 3to mh- HOBHHKH h npOMHe JIKJflH, KpOBHO 3aBHCaiUHe OT BJiaCTH, AaBHO 3anpeTHBiiiHe ceOe ÄyMaTb o ľlyTHne aioxo. Bo-BTopux, 3to ^nôepa^bi h npcanpHHHMaTe-iiii, KOTopwe hhk3k ne MoryT peujHTb, CMHTaTb jih npe3HfleHTa y6e>KÄeHHbiM CTOpOHHHKOM TOT3JlHTapH3Ma H/IH MaBOÍÍ rpynnnpOBKH, CTpeMHTejlbHO 3a-XHaTl>IBaK)IUeH OCHOBHbie OĎteKTbl POCCHHCKOH C06cTBCHHOCTH. B TpeTbHX - )to, TaK CKa3aTb, «ujwpoKHe Maccbi HacejreHHH». Ec^h ÄOBepaTb peŕÍTHHraM, ro nonyjTJipHOCTb npe3HjieHTa 6bwa BbicoKoíí, ho npoujcmueří 3hmoíí ynajra ho peKOPÄHO HH3KOH TOMKH - 66 %. OÖTjflCHfleTCfl 3TO, OflHaKO, He CTOJlbKO BApyr npocHyBiueiíca y poccnaH jiioöoBbio k cboďoac cKOJibKO MOHeTH3a-iineíí jibroT, BBeaeHHeM o6a3aTejibHoro CTpaxoBaHHn rpa>Kü.aHCKOH otbct-cmcHHocTH aBTOMa^e^biieB (OCArO) h TepaicraMH b Mockbc h CeBepHOH OceTHH. Ha BTopoH cpoK B. ľlyTHH 6bm H36paH b nepBOM Type n pe3 n^ie htc k h x BblÔOpOB 14 MapTa 2004 r., naöpaß öojiee nojioBHHbi ro^ocoB H36HpaTe^eíí, npHHHBUJHx yMacTHe b ľOJiocoBaHHH. Bcero 3a B. ľlyTHHa nporo^ocoBajín 71 % poccHřicKHx rpaxflaH, npnuieAUJHX Ha Bbiôopw, npn nBKe noMTH 65 % OT oômero MHCJia BKJHO'ieHHbix b cnncKH H36npaTe^eH. Xota OBCE h jpyrnc opraHH3aUHH OTMCTH^H OÄHOÖOKOCTb CMH BO BpeMJI BblÔOpOB H H3J1HLU- iiee pBeHHe mjtchob mccthhx ajiMHHHCTpauHíí, noaaepxHBaBuiHX riyTHna, It lie^OM BblĎOpbl 6bUIH npH3HaHbI MeCTHbIMH h CnpaBCUJIHBblMH. CiieayiomHe Bbiôopw cocToaTcn bcchoh 2008 ro^a. HMeHa KaHjiHAaTOB noKa HeH3BecTHbi, TOMHbix rapaHTHH toto, mto riyTHH He 6yaeT öaji^oTHpo-na ri.cn Ha TpeTHří cpoK, ceŕiMac hhkto nark He mtokct. MejioBeKa, Men peÜTHHr M<)>KeT cpaBHHTbCfl c peiíTHHľOM ^eHCTByiomcro npe3HAeHTa, b HacTonmnn MOMCHT b Pocchh HeT. 55 CaM BjiajJMMMp riyTMH HeO,HHOKp3THO 33HBJ1HJ1 O TOM, MTO He coÖHpaeTcn MCKaTb B03MOKHOCTH 63JU10THpOBaTbCfl Ha TpeTMÍÍ cpoK. Bo BpeMfl npe^Bbi-f)OpHOÍÍ BCTpelIM C AOBepeHHblMH JWU,3MM OH 33ABHJI, MTO B 6jlH>K3HlIIHe roflbi iipeflCTaBMT CBoero npeeMHHKa. I lap.iavieiiT. ConiacHO Kohcthtyuhm P<1>, nojiHTMMecKan pojib Tocy-ÄapcTBeHHoíí üyMbi h CoBeTa «PejiepauHn (to ecTb - hh>khch n BepxHeň najiaT napjiaiweHTa) cbojihtcji k npHHHTMio 33kohob, a 3aiiacTyio - k qbop- M3J1bH0My yTBep>KfleHHK) 33KOHO,aaTejIbHbIX HHMUHaTHB HCnOJIHMTeJIbHOM BJiacTM. BnpoMeM, aaxe ecjw 6bi nspjisMeHT P o6jia,n3Ji ropa3,no 6ojibWHM BJIHflHHeM Ha >KH3Hb CTpaHbl, TO 3T0 6bl M3J10 MTO M3MeHMJ10, Ta K KUK OH b HacToamee BpeMa coBepiueHHO JioajieH n. lac 111. ľlocjie fleKa6pbCKHx BbiöopoB 2003 rouš b hhjkhch nanaTe napjiaMenTa (Tocy^apcTBeHHoH AyMe P) Hamiocb MecTO osia npcucraBHTejieii MeTbipex riapTHŕi: nponpe3Hjj,eHTCKOií «Ejjhhoh Pocchh» (jiwjiep - Bopnc TpbiinoB), KoMMyHMCTMMecKoíí napTMH PO (jma/ip - reHHaAMÍí 3ioraHOB), JIwôepajibHO-ÄeMOKpaTHMecKOíí napTHH (jiHjjep - Bji3jjmmhp >Kmpwhobckhh) h napTHH «PojJHH3» (jIHflep ,H,MHTpHH Por03MH). riapTHn «Ejjhhsh Pocchh» nojiyMHJia okojio 37 % tojiocob (120 MaHjj,aTOB), KTlP - okojio 13 % rojiocoB (40 MaH^aTOB), JlflFIP - okojio 12 % rojiocoB (36 MaH^aTOB), «PojiMHa» - okojio 9 % tojiocob (29 M3Hjj,aTOB). He npouuiH b 4-K5 b HOBeňuieŕí hctopmm Poccmm j3,yMy napTHH, He HaôpaBUJwe 5 % tojiocob H36npaTejieíí: «üöjioko» (4 %), Cok>3 npaBbix cmji (CľlC) (4 %), a TaKwe ArpapHan napTHH (4 %) h napraa neHCMOHepoB (3 %). Bbiôopbi 6bijiH npn3naHbi OBCE MecTHbiMM h cnpaBejyiHBbiMH, a Bep-xoBHbiŕi Cyjj, OTKa3ajica yjjoBJíeTBopHTb hckh KJIP, «KoMMTeTa 2008» h npo-MHX nojíHTHKOB, nbiTaBUJHxc« ocnopHTb hx pe3yjibTaTbi. JH.bq H3 npeÄCTaBJíeHHbix b uyrvie napTHH («EjjHHan Pocchh» h J1J3.I1P) rojiocyiOT TaK, KaK ot hhx 3toto xomct HcnojiHHTejibHan BJiacTb Bcerjia, ocTajibHbie jjBe - noMTM Bcerjj,a. B jhoôom cjiyMae, 3a BpeMH cymecTBOBaHHH TocjiyMbi HbiHeujHero co3biBa He 6buio cjiyMan, mtoöh cepbe3Hbie hhhuh3-TMBbi, nocTynaiomne H3 KpeMJia, paHO hjih no3jj,HO He 6biJiH nono,ep>KaHbi J10CT3TOMHblM KOJIHMeCTBOM ÄenyTaTOB HHÍKHeH najiaTbi. riapji3MeHTCKyK) onno3Hunio b Pocchm b HacroHiUHH MOMeHT npeÄCTaBJía-KJT flBe napTHH - KJIP

, hh «PojiHHy» Hejib3H naibiBaTb onno3MUHen b npnMOM CMbicjie 3toto cjiOBa, TaK KaK nojíHTHMecKan /KHlHb 3THX napTHH 33BHCHT ot BCe toh >KC npe3HJieHTCKOH ajlMHHMCTpaUHH. •ho 3acT3BJineT ee JiHjiepoB TiusTejibHO B3BeuiHßaTb cboh nocTynKH h «He lanjibiBaTb 3a 6yňKH». BiienapjiaMctiTCKan onno3MUHH. Mto KacaeTca TaK Ha3biBaeMOH «jicmo-KpaTHMecKoft» onno3HUHH, to pe3yjibTaTbi BbiöopoB 2003 ro^a bwďhjih ee m pc jicTa b HTeji e h h3 napjiaiweHTa. Tenepb tbkhc napTHH, k3k «Cok>3 npaßi>ix cMji» (ČUČ) (HOBbiH jiHjiep H. Bejibix), «516jioko» (jinjiep T. ^bjihhckhh) n «Harn Bbiöop» (Jinaep H. Xsksmsas) nbiTaiOTca HanajíHTb CBoe BHenap-laMeHTCKoe cymecTBOBaHne, npoBOjjn mhthhph h nnKeTbi, ojiHaKo hhkto ne MO>KeT CKa3aTb, mto hx jjenTejibHOCTb OKa3bmaeT cepbe3Hoe bjihhhhc Ha >KH3Hb CTpaHbl. KpOMe 3TOTO, BCe H3BCCTHbie nOJTHTHKH-JieMOKpaTbl TeM HJIH HHbIM 06- pa30M jiHCKpeiiHTHpoBajiH ceöfl b rjia3a HacejieHHa. Kto-to - otk330m cco-PHTbca c BJiacTbK) b nepnoji nepBoro nyTHHCKoro cpoKa h npHMacTHOCTbio k nenonyjiíipHbiM puhomhum peqbopMaM (k3k ČUČ). Kto-to - HaoôopoT - He-/KejiaHHeM npnHHMaTb KaKoe-Jinôo yM3CTHe b ynpsBjíeHHH rocyjispcTBOM, k3k ľ. 5IBJ1HHCKHH. kto-to - CBH3HMH C OnSJlbHblM OJIHrspXOM B. Bepe30BCKHM (K3K MjieHbi nspTHH «JlH6ep3JibH3fl Poccna»). ľlpe^npHHHMSBUJHeca noasrn-jioh B03rjiaBJiaeMoro 3KC-MeMnnoHOM MHpa no uiaxMaTaM Tappn KacnapoBbiM «KoMHTeTa-2008» nonbiTKM oôtejiMHHTb jieMOKpaTOB noKa mto TepnnT no-pa>KeHHe, k TOMy >Ke - jaajieKo He qbaKT, mto, o6pa30BaB ejiHHyio napTHio, ÍIbjihhckhh, XaKaMajia h CľlC CMoryT coöpaTb öojibLue, a He ivieHbiije, rojio-cob. KaK noKa3biBaiOT pernoHajibHbie Bbi6opbi b 3aKonoflaTejibHbie coöpaHHn (b ApxaHrejibCKOH oöJiacTH, Bopohokckoh oôJiacTH, AjiTaňcKOM Kpae h japy-rax), coK)3bi CľlC h «HÖJiOKa» noFiyMaiOT MeHbiue tojiocob, mcm cyMMapno nojiyMajiH 3TH napTHH no oTjjejibHocTH h Jia>Ke MeHbiue, MeM ohh nojiyMHJín na Bbiöopax b ľocyflapcTBeHHyio JlyMy. no MHeHHK) MHornx HaDJuojiaTejieii, b HbiHeuiHeří pocchííckoh CHTya-UHH, noMTH He ocTaBJunomeii MecTa juin /jefiTejibHocTH onno3HUHH b npaBOM nojie, caMoM sqbcpeKTHBHoŕi, KaK hm CTpaHHo, OKa3biBaeTca jieaTejibHocTb HauHOHaji-ôojTbiijeBHCTCKOH napTHH 3. JIhmohob3. Ee MjieHbi, jj,aBHO otm3-uBUJHeca nojiyMHTb perHCTpsunio b NIhhioctc ot KpeMjia hhksk He 33bmcíit H CMCJIO npOBOflJlT KpSCOMHbie 3KUHH npflMOTO JieHCTBHa, OĎJlHBafl nOJIMTHKOB Maíione30M h npHKOBbiBSJi ceÔ5i HapyMHHKaMH b hx npneMHbix. 57