Korean Language Class 백지윤 Jiyun Baek
The form of Han-Gul
• When vowel symbols is the right of the initial consonant symbol

( 1st consonant → 2nd vowel )
ex) 미 [Mi], 가 [Ga]
• When vowel symbols is. the below of the initial consonant symbol

( 1st consonant → 2nd vowel )
ex) 노 [No], 그 [Geu], 뭐 [Mwo] ㅝ
• If the syllable has a consonant after a vowel symbols, it is always below
( 1st consonant → 2nd vowel → (( 3rd consonant→ 4th consonant)) )
ex) 민 [Min], 녹 [Nok], 뭔 [Mwon], 흙 [Heuk]
• Tip ! Minimum of structural symbols is 2 and maximum is 4
The rule to make form of Han-Gul
1. Korean syllable does not start with two consonant

( 1st consonant → 2nd vowel → (( 3rd consonant → 4th consonant)) ) 

ex) clip, ㄴㄹ (X)
2. Each syllable should look about same size, no matter how many symbols it
contains.  
ex) 나 [Na] I 흙[Heuk] Soil
3. Han-gul follows the spelling convention, so Korean spelling do not change
because it reads and sounds differently. SAME AS ENGLISH
ex) 여자 [Nueza] (O) 녀자 (X) Woman
The Korean grammatical structure
• Subject-Object-Verb SOV patterns
ex) 나는 밥을 먹는다 [na-neun bab-eul meog-neun-da]
I rice eat
• Noun, adverbs, and number → verb and/or adjectives
• Order would be change depending on particles (which always come after the noun)
ex) 점심을 lunch (objective particle) [eul] 

민준이가 Min-jun (subjective particle) [i-ga]

식당에서 at restaurant (place particle) [e-seo]
• Korean nouns can be freely arranged in a sentence = 100% SOV pattern (X)
ex) 밥을 나는 먹는다. rice I eat (O) [bab-eul na-neun meog-neun-da]
나는 먹는다 밥을. I eat rice (X) [na-neun meog-neun-da bab-eul]
The Korean grammatical structure
• Importance of elements
the head of the sentences < the end of the sentences
나는 배고파 I am hungry [na-neun bae-go-pa]
• Omission happens according to the context
나는 배고파 I am hungry [na-neun bae-go-pa]
나는 (배고파) I am [na-neun] (X)
(나는) 배고파 hungry [bae-go-pa] (O)
• Still have a exception when they are indispensable
• Noun, adverbs, and number → verb and/or adjectives
The Korean Plural Expression
• Korean nouns are not specific about the number
Korean nouns do not have the grammatical category for number.
ex) chocolate, chocolates
ex) 초콜릿 [cho-kol-lit]
초콜릿들 [cho-kol-lit-deul]
• Plurality suffix 들 [deul]

ex) 계란들 eggs [gye-lan-deul]

토끼들 rabbits [to-kki-deul]
The Korean Plural Expression
• However 들 is not mandatory for making plurality.
Highlighting the plurality of noun.
Ex) 계란 = 계란들 eggs [gye-lan]. [gye-lan-deul]
토끼 = 토끼들 rabbits [to-kki]. [to-kki-deul]
• 저기 토끼가 있다 There is a rabbit, There are rabbits
[jeo-gi to-kki-ga iss-da]
저기 토끼들이 있다 There are rabbits
[jeo-gi to-kki-deul-i iss-da]
The special ending form 다 for verbs and adjectives
• The stems of verbs and adjectives do not stand alone,
always conjugated by various inflectional ending.
ex) 모으 (X) gather [mo-eu]
모으다 (O) gather [mo-eu-da]
• Special dictionary form ending -다 [Da]
• If you want to find the stem of a verb or an adjective → remove 다
ex) 잠자다 sleep [Jam-ja-da] → 잠자 [Jam-ja]
예쁘다 pretty [ye-ppeu-da] → 예쁘 [ye-ppeu]
The special ending form 다 for verbs and adjectives
• 잠자다 [Jam-ja-da]
• 작다 [Jak-tta]
• 먹다 [Meok-tta]
• 입다 [lp-tta]
• 걷다 [Geot-tta]
• 기쁘다. [Gi-ppeu-da]
Vocabulary
• 점심 [Jeom-sim] lunch
• 집 [Jip] home, house
• 먹다 [Muk-tta] eat
• 잠자다 [Jam·ja·da] sleep
• 작다 [Jak·tta] small
• 입다 [Lp-tta] wear
• 걷다 [Geot-tta] walk
• 기쁘다 [Gi-ppeu-da] happy
• 가다 [Ga-da] go
• 말고 [Mal-go] instead of
• 같이 [Ga-chi] together
• 식당 [Sik-ttang] restaurant
• 어디 [Eo-di] where
• 뭐 [Mwo] what, something
• 파스타 [Pa-seu-ta] pasta
• 쿠폰 [Ku-pon] coupon
Vocabulary
• 모으다 [Mo-eu-da] collect, gather
• 할인 [Ha-rin] discount
• 받다 [Bat-tta] get, take, revive
• ~ 수 있다 [Su-it-tta] be able to, can
• 할 수 있다 [hal su iss-da] can do
Question
“Why do you want to learn Korean?”
“What do you want me to teach for 5 mins break?”