Korean Language Class 백지윤 Jiyun Baek The form of Han-Gul • 1st consonant → 2nd vowel → 3rd consonant → 4th consonant Right or Below Below The Korean grammatical structure • Subject-Object-Verb SOV patterns ex) 나는 밥을 먹는다 [na-neun bab-eul meog-neun-da] I rice eat • Order would be change depending on particles • But usually verb/adjective is in the end of the sentence ex) 밥을 나는 먹는다. rice I eat (O) [bab-eul na-neun meog-neun-da] 나는 먹는다 밥을. I eat rice (X) [na-neun meog-neun-da bab-eul] The Korean grammatical structure • Importance of elements the head of the sentences < the end of the sentences • Omission happens according to the context Therefore, Subject / Object is usually omitted, not Verb. The Korean Plural Expression • Korean nouns are not specific about the number Korean nouns do not have the grammatical category for number. ex) chocolate, chocolates ex) 초콜릿 [cho-kol-lit] 초콜릿들 [cho-kol-lit-deul] • Plurality suffix 들 [deul]
 ex) 계란들 eggs [gye-lan-deul]
 토끼들 rabbits [to-kki-deul] The Korean Plural Expression • However 들 is not mandatory for making plurality. Highlighting the plurality of noun. Ex) 계란 = 계란들 eggs [gye-lan]. [gye-lan-deul] 토끼 = 토끼들 rabbits [to-kki]. [to-kki-deul] • 저기 토끼가 있다 There is a rabbit, There are rabbits [jeo-gi to-kki-ga iss-da] 저기 토끼들이 있다 There are rabbits [jeo-gi to-kki-deul-i iss-da] The special ending form 다 for verbs and adjectives • The stems of verbs and adjectives do not stand alone, always conjugated by various inflectional ending. ex) 모으 (X) gather [mo-eu] 모으다 (O) gather [mo-eu-da] 모으고 (O) and gather • Special dictionary form ending -다 [Da] • If you want to find the stem of a verb or an adjective → remove 다 ex) 잠자다 sleep [Jam-ja-da] → 잠자 [Jam-ja] 예쁘다 pretty [ye-ppeu-da] → 예쁘 [ye-ppeu] The special ending form 다 for verbs and adjectives • 잠자다 [Jam-ja-da] → 잠자 V • 작다 [Jak-tta] → 작 Adj • 먹다 [Meok-tta] → 먹 eat = Verb • 입다 [lp-tta] → 입 wear = verb • 걷다 [Geot-tta] → 걷 walk = verb • 기쁘다. [Gi-ppeu-da] → 기쁘 happy=adj Vocabulary • 점심 [Jeom-sim] lunch • 집 [Jip] home, house • 먹다 [Muk-tta] eat • 잠자다 [Jam·ja·da] sleep • 작다 [Jak·tta] small • 입다 [Lp-tta] wear • 걷다 [Geot-tta] walk • 기쁘다 [Gi-ppeu-da] happy • 가다 [Ga-da] go • 말고 [Mal-go] instead of • 같이 [Ga-chi] together • 식당 [Sik-ttang] restaurant • 어디 [Eo-di] where • 뭐 [Mwo] what, something • 파스타 [Pa-seu-ta] pasta • 쿠폰 [Ku-pon] coupon Vocabulary • 모으다 [Mo-eu-da] collect, gather • 할인 [Ha-rin] discount • 받다 [Bat-tta] get, take, receive • ~ 수 있다 [Su-it-tta] be able to, can • 할 수 있다 [hal su iss-da] can do Conversation 1 • 서연 : 어디 가? [eo-di-ga] Seoyeon : Where are you going? • 민준 : 집에 밥 먹으러 가 [jib-e bab meog-eu-leo ga] Minjun : I’m going home to have a meal. • 서연 : 밥 먹으러 집에 가지 말고 // 나랑 같이 식당가자. [bab meog-eu-leo jib-e ga-ji mal-go na-lang gat-i sig-dang-ga-ja.] Seoyeon : Let’s go to the restaurant with me instead of going home. Conversation 1 • 민준 : 뭐 먹게? [mwo meog-ge] Minjun : What are you going to eat? • 서연 : 파스타, 나 쿠폰 모아서 할인 받을 수 있어. [pa-seu-ta, na ku-pon mo-a-seo hal-in bad-eul su iss-eo] Seoyeon : Pasta, We can get a discount because I collected coupons. • 민준 : 그래 좋아. [geu-lae joh-a] Minjun : Okay, great. Conversation 1 • 서연 : (너는) 어디 가? (Instead of 가는 중이야) [eo-di-ga] Seoyeon : Where are (you) going? • 민준 : 집에 밥 먹으러 가 [jib-e bab meog-eu-leo ga] Minjun : I’m going home to have a meal. • 서연 : 밥 먹으러 집에 가지 말고 나랑 같이 식당가자. [bab meog-eu-leo jib-e ga-ji mal-go na-lang gat-i sig-dang-ga-ja.] Seoyeon : Let’s go to the restaurant with me instead of going home. • 집에 밥 먹으러 가지 말고 나랑 같이 식당가자. • 밥 먹으러 집에 가지 말고 나랑 같이 식당가자. And then I want to have some matcha tea latte. 밥 먹으러 집에 가지 말자. 밥 먹으러 집에 가지 말고 나랑 같이 식당 가자. I want to have some matcha tea latte and then go to park. Conversation 1 • 민준 : 뭐 먹게? [mwo meog-ge] Minjun : What are you going to eat? • 서연 : 파스타, 나 쿠폰(들) 모아서 할인 받을 수 있어. [pa-seu-ta, na ku-pon mo-a-seo hal-in bad-eul su iss-eo] Seoyeon : Pasta, We can get a discount because I collected coupons. • 민준 : 그래 좋아. [geu-lae joh-a] Minjun : Okay, great. 소우주 (mikrokosmos) 반짝이는 별빛들 The glistening stars 사람들의 불빛들 Everyone's shining lights 칠흑 같던 밤들 속 Inside those pitch dark nights 어쩜 이 밤의 표정이 이토록 또 아름다운 건 저 별들도 불빛도 아닌 우리 때문일 거야 The reason the night's expression can be this beautiful Is possibly because of us, not those stars or shining lights.