j
i
Korean
Language Class
Jiyun Baek
89
The Ending Form for verbs and adjectives
• Including nuance of tense, aspect, speech levels etc
• Pre-final endings & final ending depending on where they placed in verb or adjective
ex) S^t!" U|C|- (I am) happy [haeng-bog-hab-ni-da] 7|-s.*|A|cf- teach [ga-leu-chi-si-da]
The pre-final ending -(-2-)>M
• Inflectional element between the stem and final ending
• Respectful, honorific suffix
• Form is changing depending on whether it is after a consonant or a vowel. Not depending on if it is adjectives or verbs.
• After ends in a consonant, [eu-si] ex)      A|cf- look for [chaj-eu-si-da]
After ends in a vowel, - A| [si] ex) 7|-A|cf- go [ga-si-da]
The pre-final ending AA
. "Will" in English
• £J! expresses the speaker's intentions
ex) es a^l onr^l-aJI^U1^ (I) will study hard [yeol-sim-hi gong-bu-ha-gess-seub-ni-da]
• ^1! asks the listener's intentions
ex) o-\c\S. 7hA|3!#U7ft? Where will (you) go? [eo-di-lo ga-si-gess-seub-ni-kka?]
The pre-final ending AA
• "I guess/think" or "do you think that..." in English
• £J! indicates the speaker's conjecture
ex) LHSJ A|SO| o-^gicH o (| gUess that) tomorrow's test will be difficult
[nae-il si-heom-i eo-lyeob-gess-eo-yo]
• ^1! asks the listener's idea
ex) LHSJ A|S0| o-\^^o-\3_? (Do you think that) tomorrow's test will be difficult?
[nae-il si-heom-i eo-lyeob-gess-eo-yo?]
Exercise 1. Which of the following inflectional word using -{o )A| is NOT true?
© 7fs *|A|q- [ga-reu-chi-si-da] "teach"
© MA|Df [bo-si-da] "see"
® si°A|q- [meu-geu-si-da] "eat"
© 2L_i°A|^r [geon-neo-eu-si-da] "cross"^jLHA|c|-
© SIOAIP- [i-sseu-si-da] "be"
Exercise 1. Which of the following inflectional word using -(£L)A| is NOT true?
<D 7r^.x|A|q- [ga-reu-chi-si-da] "teach"
<D MAP [bo-si-da] "see"
<D 512.A|L(- [meugeusida] "eat"
0 ^jLiox|L|- [geon-neo-eu-si-da] "cross"
<D [isseu-si-da] "be"
• Form is changing depending on whether it is after a consonant or a vowel. Not depending on if it is adjectives or verbs.
• After ends in a consonant, -^.A| [eu-si] ex) 5:ho A|cf- look for [chaj-eu-si-da]
After ends in a vowel, -A| [si] ex) 7|-A|cf- go [ga-si-da]
Exercise 2. Which of the following translation of the Korean sentences is NOT true?
© g*|0| SfJia^MAr? [eum-si-gi ma-sit-kketsseumnikka] "(Do you think that) the food will delicious?" © S^rS SAISHet'-W? [yeong-hwa-reul bosigetsseumnikka] "(Do you think that) the movie will be
fun?"   Will (you) watch the movie
® U0| ^^0\Q.? [giri jopkkesseoyo] "(Do you think that) the road will be narrow?"
© ^ 9H[|§ SJH^M^h [kkok darrrbe-reul kkeunketsseumnida] "Surely, (I) will quit smoking."
© DHiJ ^rSl^M^h [mae-il yo-ga-reul hagetsseumnida] "(I) will do yoga everyday."
The non-sentence final ending
. Non-sentence final endings & sentence-final endings ex) -E\
• -H and then [go]
. -0-l/Ol-AH because [eo/a-seo]
• -S.'SAH while [eu-myeon-seo]
• -X|EJ" although [gi-man]
• in order to [do-rok]
Exercise 3. Translate the following into English.
y# gjogxi E|M0|g- fifS [babeul meogeumyeon-seo tibeuireul bwa-yo] While eating rice, (I) watch TV
/
?iH|# u\x\JL 0|-0|^^^|g ^0\S. [keopireul masigo aiseukeurimeul meogeoyo]
/
I drink coffee and then I eat ice-cream
The sentence final ending
• Non-sentence final endings & sentence-final endings
• Six speech level: the speaker's interpersonal relationship with addresses or attitude toward them
ex) social meaning such as intimacy ad formality of the situation
Speech level	Declarative (statement)	Interrogative (question)	Imperative (command/ request)	Propositive (suggestion)
Deferential	[seurrmi-da]/	[seurrvni-kka]/	-(°)£JA|£ [(eu)sip-ssi-o]	[(eu)sipssida]
Polite	-Ojfi [eo-yo]/ 0\Q [a-yo]		-0\9./ o\g_	-0\9./-0\S.
Intimate	-01 [eo]/ 1 -0Ka]	-oi/-oh 1	-o\/-o\	-CH/-0I-
Plain	[(neu)n-da]	-(°)M [ni]/ -Lf [nya]	-0\E.\ [eora]/ -0^ [a-ra]	[ja]
Level	Conjugation	Possible social settings
Deferential	^1 m M^f [mukseum-ni-kka]? "(Someone) eats?"	e.g., in a formal situation
Polite	**0\2. [meogeoyo]? —	e.g., to an adult colleague
Intimate	2jCH [meokeo]? —	e.g., to an adolescent friend
Plain	^Lf [meong'nya]? —	e.g., to a child
Exercise 4. Apply four propositive endings (-1=1 X\n\t -0\£_} -Of- and      to the stem of^^t [an-tta] "seat" Deferential     Lxi=i^l"-r Polite Lxur-u-
Intimate
?M Plain St^h
Googh g North Korea
When was North Korea founded?
I
Is North Korea a country or state?
What is life in North Korea really like?
Is there freedom of speech in North Korea?
k r__tu ix.