Korean class week 3 Yery Kim Myeng wha Kim Index 1.Review 1) Postpositional Particles 2.Korean sentence form 1) Combination of consonant and vowel 2) Basic sentence 3) Grammatical category of number 4) Stems of verbs and adjectives 3. Today’s word / expression 4. Korean culture Quick look back on the previous class. The postpositional particles(입자=부분을 말하나보다.) And then we would learn how to form a sentence using words and learning the right combination of words. Review - Postpositional Particles 1.General fact ex) 사과는 빨갛다. 2. 2. Introducing yourself ex) 제 이름은 김명화에요. 3. Show the contrast or the opposite ex) 사과는 좋아해 은 / 는 [eun/neun] 다 훑고 가는 거 힘들면 줄이자. 예시 문장 하나씩이라던지. 아니면 아예 문제로 가서 간단 설명이 낮겠다. 예시 문장 없이 이렇게 설명하고 질문으로 예시문장 하자. 이 / 가 • •subject + 이/가 1.Observe or describe something ex) 영화가 재밌다. 2. Emphasize the subject ex) 사과가 맛있다. 이 / 가 Review - Postpositional Particles 다 훑고 가는 거 힘들면 줄이자. 예시 문장 하나씩이라던지. 아니면 아예 문제로 가서 간단 설명이 낮겠다. 예시 문장 없이 이렇게 설명하고 질문으로 예시문장 하자. l Review - Postpositional Particles Question 1 YERI likes swimming but not other sports 수영은[eun] 좋아한다 수영이[i] 좋아한다 Question 2 The cheetah over there is slow (watching now) 치타는[neun] 느리다 치타가[ga] 느리다 Question 3 You are not an animal, you are a human 너는 동물[이/ ] 아니고 사람이야 은 > But은 contrast 니까 은는이 필요하겠죠. 근데 수영이라는 단어가 consonant로 끝나니까 은이 되어야 겠죠. Watching now에서 힌트를 얻을 수 있는데, it means that you are describing what you are describing what you see so you can choose 가. 그리고 vowel로 끝나니까 이가 아닌 가를 사용해야 한다. 마지막은 강조하는 거니까, 이. 자음이니까 가가 아니라 이 1. Combination of consonant and vowel •Vowel and consonant The position of the vowel symbol is either to the right of or below the initial consonant symbol ㄱ ㄱ X ㄱㄴ X Con-sonant vowel vowel So if we want to write a sentence, we have to start with how to form a word. And in korea the words are a combination of vowels and consonants. So today we are going to start with the combination of consonany and vowel 1. Combination of consonant and vowel •Vowel and consonant The position of the vowel symbol is either to the right of or below the initial consonant symbol 가 노 The right of the consonant Below of the consonant The right and below of the consonant 1) Korean syllable dose not start with two consonants. E.g. unlike the English word “clip”. 2) Each syllable should look about the same size, no matter how many symbols it nay contains. E.g. 나[Na] and 흙[Heuk] 3) Hangul follows the spelling convention, so Korean spellings do not change just because it reads a little differently from its symbol combination. This is the same for English, where you cannot write just as you hear or speak. l 1. Combination of consonant and vowel •3 rules of vowel and consonant 1)Korean syllable does not start with two consonants. E.g. unlike the English word “clip”. 2) Each syllable should look about the same size, no matter how many symbols it may contain. E.g. 나[Na] and 흙[Heuk] 3) Hangul follows the spelling convention, so Korean spellings do not change just because it reads a little differently from its symbol combination. This is the same for English, where you cannot write just as you hear or speak. l 1. Combination of consonant and vowel •Question Which of the following combination of consonant and vowel symbol is NOT true? 아 우 앙 ㅇ 오 웅 l 2. Basic sentence form •Korean is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language noun adverb/ number verb/ adjective ØSubject and(or) object ØClarify the meaning of the noun ØExplanation for the noun 2. Korean is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language. Nouns (e.g., subject and/or object), adverbs, and numbers, appear before verbs and/or adjectives. However, the word order of Korean would be change because of the particles that always come after the noun. Because of particles, Korean sentences do not always follow the SOV pattern. Korean nouns (as subjects or objects) can be freely arranged in a sentence. Exercise 2. Which of the following sentence of word order is NOT true? ① 점심을앤드류가집에서먹어요[Jeom·si·mul aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] “Lunch Andrew home-at eats” ② 점심을집에서앤드류가먹어요[Jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo] “Lunch home-at Andrew eats” ③ 앤드류가먹어요점심을집에서[Aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo] “Andrew eat lunch at home” ④ 앤드류가집에서점심을먹어요[Aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo jeom·si·mul meo·geo·yo] “Andrew home-at lunch eats” ⑤ 앤드류가점심을집에서먹어요[Aen·deu·ryu·ga jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] “Andrew lunch home-at eats” l 2. Basic sentence form •Korean is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language Ex) He ate a banana. 그가 바나나를 먹었다. [geuga bananaleul meog-eossda] Ø바나나를 그가 먹었다. [bananaleul geuga meog-eossda] Korean nouns (as subjects or objects) can be freely arranged in a sentence. This is just the basic form of a sentence. It is not always like this. Especially 2. Korean is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language. Nouns (e.g., subject and/or object), adverbs, and numbers, appear before verbs and/or adjectives. However, the word order of Korean would be change because of the particles that always come after the noun. Because of particles, Korean sentences do not always follow the SOV pattern. Korean nouns (as subjects or objects) can be freely arranged in a sentence. l •Question Which of the following sentence of word order is NOT true? ① 점심을 앤드류가 집에서 먹어요 [Jeom·si·mul aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] ② 점심을 집에서 앤드류가 먹어요 [Jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo] ③ 앤드류가 먹어요 점심을 집에서 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo] ④ 앤드류가 집에서 점심을 먹어요 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo jeom·si·mul meo·geo·yo] ⑤ 앤드류가 점심을 집에서 먹어요 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] 2. Basic sentence form l •Question -Andrew eats lunch at home - ① 점심을 앤드류가 집에서 먹어요 [Jeom·si·mul aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] ② 점심을 집에서 앤드류가 먹어요 [Jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo] ③ 앤드류가 먹어요 점심을 집에서 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo] ④ 앤드류가 집에서 점심을 먹어요 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo jeom·si·mul meo·geo·yo] ⑤ 앤드류가 점심을 집에서 먹어요 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] Basic sentence : S / O / V S- Andrew O- lunch, at home V- eats ÞAndrew lunch home-at eats ÞAndrew home-at lunch eats 2. Basic sentence form 주어 동사를 먼저 찾아보세요. 그리고 주어의 경우에는 은는이가. 아까 복습한 postpositional particles랑 같이 자주 나오니 참 l •Question -Andrew eats lunch at home - ① 점심을 앤드류가 집에서 먹어요 [Jeom·si·mul aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] ② 점심을 집에서 앤드류가 먹어요 [Jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo] ③ 앤드류가 먹어요 점심을 집에서 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga meo·geo·yo jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo] ④ 앤드류가 집에서 점심을 먹어요 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga ji·be·seo jeom·si·mul meo·geo·yo] ⑤ 앤드류가 점심을 집에서 먹어요 [Aen·deu·ryu·ga jeom·si·mul ji·be·seo meo·geo·yo] Korean nouns (as subjects or objects) can be freely arranged in a sentence. 2. Basic sentence form So as we said before and of what you can see on the blue box, Korean nouns can be freely arranged. In nuber1&2 you could see that the noun 앤드류 moved. But, in number 3 instead of the noun, l But why do Koreans switch the sentence of word order? 2. Basic sentence form *cluster: 무리를 이루다 *omission: 생략 The further the word is from the end of the sentence, the less important the element is and more likely it is to be dropped. What determines the omission is the context. The Korean language is a context-oriented language in that any contextually understood elements may be omitted unless they are indispensable. => 문맥지향적 언어 Exercise 3. Circle whether the following statement is True or False. Korean sentences that have no verb or adjective but just a subject or an object are grammatically correct and natural in conversation. (T / F) l §In Korean the most important elements tend to cluster to the end of the sentence 2. Basic sentence form -The further the word is from the end of the sentence, the less important the element is and more likely it is to be dropped. - -What determines the omission is the context. The Korean language is a context-oriented language, elements may be omitted unless they are indispensable *cluster: 무리를 이루다 *omission: 생략 The further the word is from the end of the sentence, the less important the element is and more likely it is to be dropped. What determines the omission is the context. The Korean language is a context-oriented language in that any contextually understood elements may be omitted unless they are indispensable. => 문맥지향적 언어 Exercise 3. Circle whether the following statement is True or False. Korean sentences that have no verb or adjective but just a subject or an object are grammatically correct and natural in conversation. (T / F) l §Ex) Andrew eats lunch at home. 2. Basic sentence form 1.Emphasize that he is eating at home: 앤드류는 점심을 집에서 먹어요. [aendeulyuneun jeomsim-eul jib-eseo meog-eoyo.] “Andrew lunch home-at eats” 2.Emphasize that he is eating lunch: 3. 앤드류는 집에서 점심을 먹어요. [Aendeulyu-neun jib-eseo jeomsim-eul meog-eoyo.] “Andrew home-at lunch eats” 생략되는 거 설명하기 어렵다면, 앤드류는 집에서 점심으로 피자를 먹어요.를 예문으로 또 적고, 이 경우 집에서 점심으로를 뺄 수 있는 경우, 집에서와 피자를을 빼고 문장을 구성하는 경우 등을 설명할 수 있을 것이다. By dispensible we mean that you can still form a sentence without the words you eliminated. But for example if you eliminate 먹어요, the sentence couldn’t be formed so you could tell that 먹어요 is indispensable. l •Question Korean sentences that have no verb or adjective but just a subject or an object are grammatically correct and natural in conversation. ( T / F ) 2. Basic sentence form l 3. Grammatical category of number •Korean has the suffix 들[Deul] (that can be attached after a countable noun) for indicating the plurality of the noun. However, its usage is not mandatory for marking plurality, thus its purpose is rather for highlighting the plurality of the noun. • • Korean nouns are not specific about the number in that it does not have the grammatical category of number. 4. Korean nouns are not specific about the number in that it does not have the grammatical category of number. Korean has the suffix 들[Deul] (that can be attached after a countable noun) for indicating the plurality of the noun. However, its usage is not mandatory for marking plurality, thus its purpose is rather for highlighting the plurality of the noun. Exercise 4. Circle whether the following statement is True or False. The noun 연필[Yeon·pil] “pencil” can be translated into at least the following: pencil, a pencil, the pencil, some pencils, the pencils, pencils. (T / F) 5. l 3. Grammatical category of number • Question • The noun 연필[Yeon·pil] “pencil” can be translated into at least the following: pencil, a pencil, the pencil, some pencils, the pencils, pencils. ( T / F ) l 4. Stems of verbs and adjectives •The stems of verbs and adjectives do not stand alone, and they are always conjugated by various or inflectional endings. Stem of verbs and adjectives (descriptive verbs) + -다 anything being left out after you take ‘-다’ out from the verbs and adjectives is the stem *Verbs and adjectives resemble one another in how they inflect and how they function in the sentence. There is no obvious structural difference between verbs and adjectives. The stems of verbs and adjectives do not stand alone, and they are always conjugated by various or inflectional(활용, 어미 변화의) endings. Generally, Korean verbs and adjectives take a special dictionary form ending -다[Da]. Consequently, finding the stem of a verb and/or an adjective is simple in that anything being left out after you take 다out from the verbs and adjectives is the stem. Verbs and adjectives resemble one another in how they inflect and how they function in the sentence. There is no obvious structural difference between verbs and adjectives. In addition, there is no obvious structural difference between verbs and adjectives. In fact, adjectives behave like verbs so much that Korean grammarians categorize adjectives as “descriptive verbs.” Exercise 5. Write the stem of each word and circle whether it is a verb or an adjective. ① 잠자다[Jam·ja·da l ① 잠자다[Jam·ja·da] stem: ___________ Verb / Adjective ② 작다[Jak·tta] stem: ___________ Verb / Adjective ③ 먹다[Meok·tta] stem: ___________ Verb / Adjective ④ 입다[Ip·tta] stem: ___________ Verb / Adjective ⑤ 걷다[Geot·tta] stem: ___________ Verb / Adjective ⑥ 기쁘다[Gi·ppeu·da] stem: ___________ Verb / Adjective 4. Stems of verbs and adjectives 잠자 작 먹 입 걷 기쁘 Yeri : Hi, Did you eat something? 안녕, 너 밥은 먹었어? [ An-nyeong, neo bab-en meog-eoss-eo?] Jimin : No, I am hungry 아니, 나 배고파 [Ani, na bae-go-pa] Today’s conversation Yeri : Me, too. Let’s eat dinner together. 나도. 같이 저녁 먹자 [Nado. get-i jeo-nyeog meog-ja] Jimin : What do you want to eat? 뭐 먹고 싶어? [mwo meog-go sip-eo?] Yeri : I want to eat ___불고기___ 나는 __불고기___ 먹고싶어 [Na-neun __Bulgogi__ meog-go sip-eo] Today’s conversation Thank you for the meal (=Bon appetit) 잘 먹겠습니다 [Jal meog-ges-sseub-ni-da] I really enjoyed the meal 잘 먹었습니다 [Jal meog-eos-sseub-ni-da] cheers 건배 / [gepnbae / jjan] Today’s expression Today’s word Today’s word lFood • Water - 물 [ mul ] • Rice - 밥 [ bab ] • Plate - 접시 [ jeobsi ] • Cup - 컵 [ cub ] • Spoon - 숟가락 [ sud-ga-lag ] • Chopstick - 젓가락 [ jeod-ga-lag ] • Fork - 포크 [ pokeu ] • Knife - 칼 /나이프 [ kal / nife ] Korean Culture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5SqUAkxxQo • To enter University •Every November 3rd week’s Thursday is the 수능 day. •In Korea, University level is very important to get job, meet and judge people. •Every students study hard to enter the “in Seoul” university. •Universities in Seoul are regarded as high level. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLDqRRp_ERQ 1. Relative evaluation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5SqUAkxxQo National university ranking We take a total of seven subjects in the ‘수능’ day Korean, math, English, two subjects from social studies or science, and Korean history must be taken. In the case of liberal arts, a second language can be replaced with a social studies course second language : French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Chinese, Korean Chinese, Russian, Arabic and Vietnamese Only top 12 percent of 600,000 students can enter ‘In Seoul’ University 1. Relative evaluation God Professor’s love Guardian of present system Ordinary person A small citizen dreaming of escape from daily life Pioneer of entertainment culture Bug Plankton Seeds of revolution ahead of time Untouchable person Unlike other overseas univ. which are absolute evaluations, Korea is a relative evaluation, so there is a considerable checks among friend to get good grades in the subjects 2. Cultural differences - 1)Politness 텍스트, 스크린샷, 컴퓨터이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 Hello professor, I'm Kim Yeri, class of 19, who is taking the 'Sports Culture History' course I contacted you as a representative because there were some opinions that the students who are taking this class wanted to take notes and take classes, so I wanted professor to upload materials! Professor, if possible, I would like you to upload the ppt data Sorry for emailing at the late night 2. Cultural differences - 2) Semester & Credits Unlike here, spring semester is the first semester in Korea, and winter semester is the second semester Also, there is little difference between winter vacation and summer vacation (the day) The earliest class starts at 9 o'clock, and professors usually finish the class earlier than scheduled ^_^ pathophysiology For most students, 19 credits are the maximum, and students with more than 4.00 grades can take up to 22 credits Normally graduate at 130 credits 3 credits per subject is the highest credit 2. Cultural differences – 3) department coat 2. Cultural differences – 4) University cafeteria and playing You can enjoy about 50 different menus for less than 5,000 won (90czk, 3.5 euro) 2. Cultural differences 4) University cafeteria and playing Meeting (미팅) Students from different universities are mainly composed of (three men, three women) or (four men, four women) and play games and drink together in bars, Of course, they go out to make boyfriends or girlfriends, but they also go out simply because they want to meet new friends 2. Cultural differences -4) playing 2. Cultural differences -4) playing hangover reliever [USEMAP] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wr7UtYDG7Jo Today’s K-pop BTS - DYNAMITE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nF1zZIETE5k