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Time and Space X
Pavel Caha
20 May 2021
1 / 10
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▶ Spa al markers beyond spa al func ons
▶ temporal marking
▶ psychological predicates
▶ adjec val predicates
▶ clause linking
2 / 10
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Psychological predicates
(1) Nina is in love (with Paul).
(2) Czech
a. Von
he
je
is
v
in
depresi.
depression
3 / 10
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Psychological predicates
(1) Nina is in love (with Paul).
(2) Czech
a. Von
he
je
is
v
in
depresi.
depression
b. Upadl
he.fell
do
into
deprese
depression
3 / 10
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Psychological predicates
(1) Nina is in love (with Paul).
(2) Czech
a. Von
he
je
is
v
in
depresi.
depression
b. Upadl
he.fell
do
into
deprese
depression
c. nakonec
in.the.end
se
re
z
out.of
deprese
depression
dostal
got.out
3 / 10
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.
Psychological predicates
(1) Nina is in love (with Paul).
(2) Czech
a. Von
he
je
is
v
in
depresi.
depression
b. Upadl
he.fell
do
into
deprese
depression
c. nakonec
in.the.end
se
re
z
out.of
deprese
depression
dostal
got.out
(3) Hebrew
yeš
there-is
be-tox
inside
Rina
Rina
tšuka
passion
ami t
real
le-omanut.
to-art
’Inside Rina there is a real passion for art’
3 / 10
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.
Psychological predicates
(1) Nina is in love (with Paul).
(2) Czech
a. Von
he
je
is
v
in
depresi.
depression
b. Upadl
he.fell
do
into
deprese
depression
c. nakonec
in.the.end
se
re
z
out.of
deprese
depression
dostal
got.out
(3) Hebrew
yeš
there-is
be-tox
inside
Rina
Rina
tšuka
passion
ami t
real
le-omanut.
to-art
’Inside Rina there is a real passion for art’
(4) Sco sh Gaelic
Tha
Be.Pres
gaol
love
aig
at
Catriona
Catriona
air
on
Padraig.
Padraig
’Catriona loves Padraig’ 3 / 10
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.
Adjec val predicates
(5) Japanese
a. Taro-ga
Taro-nom
kinzoku-o
metal-acc
pikapika-ni
shiny-ni
migaita.
polish.past
‘Taro polished the metal shiny’
4 / 10
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.
Adjec val predicates
(5) Japanese
a. Taro-ga
Taro-nom
kinzoku-o
metal-acc
pikapika-ni
shiny-ni
migaita.
polish.past
‘Taro polished the metal shiny’
b. Kodomotachi-wa
children-top
futatu-no
two.cl-gen
kooen-ni
park-all
i a.
went
‘The children went to two parks.’
4 / 10
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.
Adjec val predicates
(5) Japanese
a. Taro-ga
Taro-nom
kinzoku-o
metal-acc
pikapika-ni
shiny-ni
migaita.
polish.past
‘Taro polished the metal shiny’
b. Kodomotachi-wa
children-top
futatu-no
two.cl-gen
kooen-ni
park-all
i a.
went
‘The children went to two parks.’
c. Taro-ga
Taro-nom
shizuka-ni
quiet-adv
hashi a.
run.past
‘Taro ran quietly’
4 / 10
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.
Adjec val predicates
(5) Japanese
a. Taro-ga
Taro-nom
kinzoku-o
metal-acc
pikapika-ni
shiny-ni
migaita.
polish.past
‘Taro polished the metal shiny’
b. Kodomotachi-wa
children-top
futatu-no
two.cl-gen
kooen-ni
park-all
i a.
went
‘The children went to two parks.’
c. Taro-ga
Taro-nom
shizuka-ni
quiet-adv
hashi a.
run.past
‘Taro ran quietly’
d. Ginza-wa
Ginza-top
Tokyo-ni
Tokyo-loc
arimasu.
is
‘Ginza is in Tokyo.’
4 / 10
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.
.
(6) Czech
a. Pověsil
he.hung
ten
the
kabát
coat
na
on
opěradlo
the.back.of.the.chair
5 / 10
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.
(6) Czech
a. Pověsil
he.hung
ten
the
kabát
coat
na
on
opěradlo
the.back.of.the.chair
b. Von
He
má
has
ten
the
kabát
coat
pověšenej
hung
na
on
opěradle
the.back.of.the.chair
5 / 10
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.
(6) Czech
a. Pověsil
he.hung
ten
the
kabát
coat
na
on
opěradlo
the.back.of.the.chair
b. Von
He
má
has
ten
the
kabát
coat
pověšenej
hung
na
on
opěradle
the.back.of.the.chair
(7) Czech
a. Ostříhal
he.cut
si
his
vlasy
hair
na
on
krátko
white
5 / 10
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.
(6) Czech
a. Pověsil
he.hung
ten
the
kabát
coat
na
on
opěradlo
the.back.of.the.chair
b. Von
He
má
has
ten
the
kabát
coat
pověšenej
hung
na
on
opěradle
the.back.of.the.chair
(7) Czech
a. Ostříhal
he.cut
si
his
vlasy
hair
na
on
krátko
white
b. Má
he.has
krátce
short-adv
ostříhané
cut
vlasy
hair
5 / 10
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.
.
clause linking
(8) a. ante
before
port-am
gate-ACC
‘in front of the gate’
6 / 10
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.
clause linking
(8) a. ante
before
port-am
gate-ACC
‘in front of the gate’
b. ante
before
bell-um
war-ACC
‘before the war’
6 / 10
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.
clause linking
(8) a. ante
before
port-am
gate-ACC
‘in front of the gate’
b. ante
before
bell-um
war-ACC
‘before the war’
c. ante
before
[te
you.ACC
cognitum]
know.PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC
‘before you were known [to me]’
6 / 10
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.
clause linking
(8) a. ante
before
port-am
gate-ACC
‘in front of the gate’
b. ante
before
bell-um
war-ACC
‘before the war’
c. ante
before
[te
you.ACC
cognitum]
know.PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC
‘before you were known [to me]’
d. ante
before
[-quam
[-than
tuās
your
lēgī
read.I
li erās,]
le er.ACC,
hominem
man.ACC
īre
to.go
cupiēbam
I.wanted
‘Before I read your le er, I wished the man to go’
6 / 10
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.
.
clause linking
(8) a. ante
before
port-am
gate-ACC
‘in front of the gate’
b. ante
before
bell-um
war-ACC
‘before the war’
c. ante
before
[te
you.ACC
cognitum]
know.PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC
‘before you were known [to me]’
d. ante
before
[-quam
[-than
tuās
your
lēgī
read.I
li erās,]
le er.ACC,
hominem
man.ACC
īre
to.go
cupiēbam
I.wanted
‘Before I read your le er, I wished the man to go’
6 / 10
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.
Sinhala
(9) INS = ABL = CAUSE
a. Miniha
man
taraadi-en
scale-INS
badu
commodi es
kir@-n@va
measure-IND
‘He measures commodi es with scales.’
7 / 10
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.
Sinhala
(9) INS = ABL = CAUSE
a. Miniha
man
taraadi-en
scale-INS
badu
commodi es
kir@-n@va
measure-IND
‘He measures commodi es with scales.’
b. gah-en
tree-ABL
gedi@
fruit
wæte-n@va
fall-IND
‘The fruit fell from the tree.’
7 / 10
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.
Sinhala
(9) INS = ABL = CAUSE
a. Miniha
man
taraadi-en
scale-INS
badu
commodi es
kir@-n@va
measure-IND
‘He measures commodi es with scales.’
b. gah-en
tree-ABL
gedi@
fruit
wæte-n@va
fall-IND
‘The fruit fell from the tree.’
c. ikm@n@t@
quickly
aawa-in
came-INS
no-temi
not-get.wet.PP
beeruna
be saved.PAST
‘I was able to save myself without ge ng wet (from rain)
since I came hurriedly.’
7 / 10
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(10) DAT = ALL
a. Ranjit
Ranjit
Chitra-t@
Chitra-DAT
leensuak
handkerchief
de-n@va
give-IND
‘Ranjit gives Chitra a handkerchief.’
8 / 10
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.
(10) DAT = ALL
a. Ranjit
Ranjit
Chitra-t@
Chitra-DAT
leensuak
handkerchief
de-n@va
give-IND
‘Ranjit gives Chitra a handkerchief.’
b. Ranjit
Ranjit
p@ns@l@-t@
temple-DAT
ya-n@va
go-IND
‘Children jump into the river.’
8 / 10
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.
(10) DAT = ALL
a. Ranjit
Ranjit
Chitra-t@
Chitra-DAT
leensuak
handkerchief
de-n@va
give-IND
‘Ranjit gives Chitra a handkerchief.’
b. Ranjit
Ranjit
p@ns@l@-t@
temple-DAT
ya-n@va
go-IND
‘Children jump into the river.’
c. Chitra
Chitra
magulged@r@
wedding
ya-nn@-t@
go-INF-DAT
saariak
sari
ga a
buy.PAST
‘Chitra bought a sari to go to the wedding.’ (p.203)
8 / 10
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.
a generalisa on
9 / 10
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References
Demirdache, Hamida & Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria. 2007. The syntax
of me arguments. Lingua 117(2). 330–366.
Reichenbach, Hans. 1947. Elements of symbolic logic. New York: Free
Press.
Shklovsky, Kirill & Yasutada Sudo. 2014. The syntax of monsters.
Linguis c Inquiry 45(3). 381–402.
10 / 10