. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time and Space X Pavel Caha 20 May 2021 1 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ▶ Spa al markers beyond spa al func ons ▶ temporal marking ▶ psychological predicates ▶ adjec val predicates ▶ clause linking 2 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychological predicates (1) Nina is in love (with Paul). (2) Czech a. Von he je is v in depresi. depression 3 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychological predicates (1) Nina is in love (with Paul). (2) Czech a. Von he je is v in depresi. depression b. Upadl he.fell do into deprese depression 3 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychological predicates (1) Nina is in love (with Paul). (2) Czech a. Von he je is v in depresi. depression b. Upadl he.fell do into deprese depression c. nakonec in.the.end se re z out.of deprese depression dostal got.out 3 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychological predicates (1) Nina is in love (with Paul). (2) Czech a. Von he je is v in depresi. depression b. Upadl he.fell do into deprese depression c. nakonec in.the.end se re z out.of deprese depression dostal got.out (3) Hebrew yeš there-is be-tox inside Rina Rina tšuka passion ami t real le-omanut. to-art ’Inside Rina there is a real passion for art’ 3 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychological predicates (1) Nina is in love (with Paul). (2) Czech a. Von he je is v in depresi. depression b. Upadl he.fell do into deprese depression c. nakonec in.the.end se re z out.of deprese depression dostal got.out (3) Hebrew yeš there-is be-tox inside Rina Rina tšuka passion ami t real le-omanut. to-art ’Inside Rina there is a real passion for art’ (4) Sco sh Gaelic Tha Be.Pres gaol love aig at Catriona Catriona air on Padraig. Padraig ’Catriona loves Padraig’ 3 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjec val predicates (5) Japanese a. Taro-ga Taro-nom kinzoku-o metal-acc pikapika-ni shiny-ni migaita. polish.past ‘Taro polished the metal shiny’ 4 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjec val predicates (5) Japanese a. Taro-ga Taro-nom kinzoku-o metal-acc pikapika-ni shiny-ni migaita. polish.past ‘Taro polished the metal shiny’ b. Kodomotachi-wa children-top futatu-no two.cl-gen kooen-ni park-all i a. went ‘The children went to two parks.’ 4 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjec val predicates (5) Japanese a. Taro-ga Taro-nom kinzoku-o metal-acc pikapika-ni shiny-ni migaita. polish.past ‘Taro polished the metal shiny’ b. Kodomotachi-wa children-top futatu-no two.cl-gen kooen-ni park-all i a. went ‘The children went to two parks.’ c. Taro-ga Taro-nom shizuka-ni quiet-adv hashi a. run.past ‘Taro ran quietly’ 4 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjec val predicates (5) Japanese a. Taro-ga Taro-nom kinzoku-o metal-acc pikapika-ni shiny-ni migaita. polish.past ‘Taro polished the metal shiny’ b. Kodomotachi-wa children-top futatu-no two.cl-gen kooen-ni park-all i a. went ‘The children went to two parks.’ c. Taro-ga Taro-nom shizuka-ni quiet-adv hashi a. run.past ‘Taro ran quietly’ d. Ginza-wa Ginza-top Tokyo-ni Tokyo-loc arimasu. is ‘Ginza is in Tokyo.’ 4 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) Czech a. Pověsil he.hung ten the kabát coat na on opěradlo the.back.of.the.chair 5 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) Czech a. Pověsil he.hung ten the kabát coat na on opěradlo the.back.of.the.chair b. Von He má has ten the kabát coat pověšenej hung na on opěradle the.back.of.the.chair 5 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) Czech a. Pověsil he.hung ten the kabát coat na on opěradlo the.back.of.the.chair b. Von He má has ten the kabát coat pověšenej hung na on opěradle the.back.of.the.chair (7) Czech a. Ostříhal he.cut si his vlasy hair na on krátko white 5 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) Czech a. Pověsil he.hung ten the kabát coat na on opěradlo the.back.of.the.chair b. Von He má has ten the kabát coat pověšenej hung na on opěradle the.back.of.the.chair (7) Czech a. Ostříhal he.cut si his vlasy hair na on krátko white b. Má he.has krátce short-adv ostříhané cut vlasy hair 5 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clause linking (8) a. ante before port-am gate-ACC ‘in front of the gate’ 6 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clause linking (8) a. ante before port-am gate-ACC ‘in front of the gate’ b. ante before bell-um war-ACC ‘before the war’ 6 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clause linking (8) a. ante before port-am gate-ACC ‘in front of the gate’ b. ante before bell-um war-ACC ‘before the war’ c. ante before [te you.ACC cognitum] know.PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC ‘before you were known [to me]’ 6 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clause linking (8) a. ante before port-am gate-ACC ‘in front of the gate’ b. ante before bell-um war-ACC ‘before the war’ c. ante before [te you.ACC cognitum] know.PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC ‘before you were known [to me]’ d. ante before [-quam [-than tuās your lēgī read.I li erās,] le er.ACC, hominem man.ACC īre to.go cupiēbam I.wanted ‘Before I read your le er, I wished the man to go’ 6 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clause linking (8) a. ante before port-am gate-ACC ‘in front of the gate’ b. ante before bell-um war-ACC ‘before the war’ c. ante before [te you.ACC cognitum] know.PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC ‘before you were known [to me]’ d. ante before [-quam [-than tuās your lēgī read.I li erās,] le er.ACC, hominem man.ACC īre to.go cupiēbam I.wanted ‘Before I read your le er, I wished the man to go’ 6 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sinhala (9) INS = ABL = CAUSE a. Miniha man taraadi-en scale-INS badu commodi es kir@-n@va measure-IND ‘He measures commodi es with scales.’ 7 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sinhala (9) INS = ABL = CAUSE a. Miniha man taraadi-en scale-INS badu commodi es kir@-n@va measure-IND ‘He measures commodi es with scales.’ b. gah-en tree-ABL gedi@ fruit wæte-n@va fall-IND ‘The fruit fell from the tree.’ 7 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sinhala (9) INS = ABL = CAUSE a. Miniha man taraadi-en scale-INS badu commodi es kir@-n@va measure-IND ‘He measures commodi es with scales.’ b. gah-en tree-ABL gedi@ fruit wæte-n@va fall-IND ‘The fruit fell from the tree.’ c. ikm@n@t@ quickly aawa-in came-INS no-temi not-get.wet.PP beeruna be saved.PAST ‘I was able to save myself without ge ng wet (from rain) since I came hurriedly.’ 7 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10) DAT = ALL a. Ranjit Ranjit Chitra-t@ Chitra-DAT leensuak handkerchief de-n@va give-IND ‘Ranjit gives Chitra a handkerchief.’ 8 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10) DAT = ALL a. Ranjit Ranjit Chitra-t@ Chitra-DAT leensuak handkerchief de-n@va give-IND ‘Ranjit gives Chitra a handkerchief.’ b. Ranjit Ranjit p@ns@l@-t@ temple-DAT ya-n@va go-IND ‘Children jump into the river.’ 8 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10) DAT = ALL a. Ranjit Ranjit Chitra-t@ Chitra-DAT leensuak handkerchief de-n@va give-IND ‘Ranjit gives Chitra a handkerchief.’ b. Ranjit Ranjit p@ns@l@-t@ temple-DAT ya-n@va go-IND ‘Children jump into the river.’ c. Chitra Chitra magulged@r@ wedding ya-nn@-t@ go-INF-DAT saariak sari ga a buy.PAST ‘Chitra bought a sari to go to the wedding.’ (p.203) 8 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a generalisa on 9 / 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References Demirdache, Hamida & Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria. 2007. The syntax of me arguments. Lingua 117(2). 330–366. Reichenbach, Hans. 1947. Elements of symbolic logic. New York: Free Press. Shklovsky, Kirill & Yasutada Sudo. 2014. The syntax of monsters. Linguis c Inquiry 45(3). 381–402. 10 / 10