UNIT 13 Exercises 13.1 You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form. Example: Phil / find a new job ptiiV.hOS^nd.anewj,*............................................................. Dear Chris, Lots of things have happened since J last wrote to you. 1 Charles / go / Brazil Charles................................................................................................................... 2 Jack and Jill / decide / to get married ................................................................................................. 3 Suzanne/ have / a baby ........................................................................................................................... 4 Monica / give up / smoking .................................................................................................................... 5 George / pass / his driving-test ............................................................................................................. 13.2 In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the verb given. Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) !&.&.« (Mfchis.key.............. 1 Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean, (wash) She ...................................................................... 2 Tom was SO kilograms. Now he weighs 70. (lose weight) ................................................. 3 The car has just stopped because there isn't any more petrol in the tank, (run out of pet rol}............................................................................................................................................................ A Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster. (break)........................................................................................................................................................... 113 This time you haue to use just. Answer the questions using the words given. Example: Would you like something to eat. (no thank you /1 / just I have / dinner! Ns.tt.QBl!.!^,J/S!rj.WthB{}.iÄMfäE............................................................................ 1 Have you seen John anywhere? (yes / 1 / just / see / him) Yes................................... 2 Has Ann phoned yet? (yes / she / just / phone) ............................................................... 3 Would you like a cigarette? (no thanks /1 / just / put / one out) ............................. 13.4 In this exercise you have to write sentences with already. Example: Don't (orget to post that letter. !!.V$ akň^..|?OStedU:.. 1 Don't lorget to phone Tom. [.............................................. 2 Why don't you read the paper? ................................................ 3 Shall I pay the waiter? No, I ................................... 13.5 This ume vou have to put in been or gone. Example: 'Where's Ann?' 'She's on holiday. She has.....ggtie.to Italy,' 1 Hello! I've just...................to the shops. Look! I've bought lots of things. 2 Jim isn't here at the moment. He's...................to the shops. 3 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, I've already....................to the bank.' UNIT 13 Present perfect (I have done) (1) d) Study this example situation: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. 'He has lost his key' means that he lost it a short time ago and he still hasn't got it. This is the present perfect (simple) tense: (lost l/we/they/you have (= I've etc.) 1 . he/she has( = he'serc.) ) I (etc.) haven't he/she hasn !M lost have you (etc.) i has he/she I lost? We form the present perfect with have/has + the past participle. The past patticiple often ends in -ed (opened, decided) but many important verbs are irregular (lost, written, done etc.). See Appendix 2. b) When we use the present perfect there is a connection with the present: - I've lost my key. ( — I haven't got it now.) - Jim has gone to Canada. (= He is in Canada or on his way there now.) - Oh dear, I've forgotten her name. (= I can't remember it now.) - Have you washed your hair? (= Is it clean «oil?) c) We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening: - I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it? - Do you know about Jim? He's gone to Canada. - Ow! I've burnt myself. You can use theptesent perfect with just (= a shott time ago): - 'Would you like something to eat?' 'No, thanks. I've just had lunch.' - Hello, have you just arrived? You can use the present perfea with already to say that something has happened sooner than expected: - 'Don't (orget to post the letter, will you?" 'I've already posted it.' - 'When is Tom going to start his new |ob?" 'He has already started.' d) Study the difference between gone to and been to: - Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Italy. (= She is there now or she is on her way there.) - Tom is back in England now. He has been to Italy. (= He was there but now he has come back.) (See also Unit 119.) For the present perfect see also Units 14-19. For the present perfect and past simple see Units 20-1. 26 UNIT 15 Exercises 15.1 in this exercise you have to make questions with the words given. Example: (yuu / hear / from George recently?! !te.^|lffirA1^.!^g6.Bä3itt(y?. 1 (you / read / a newspaper recently?).............................................................................................. 2 (you / see / Tom in the past few days?) .........................................................-............................. 3 (you / play / tennis recently?) 4 (you / eat/ anything today?)............................................................................................................. 5 (you / see / any good films recently?) ............................................................................................ 6 (you í have / a holiday this year yet.') ............................................................................................ 15.2 This time answer the questions in the way shown. Use yei. Example: Have you seen the new film at the local cinema? I.Mww't.semisaefc.........hut .!!m.gpúi9.ta.s«.iA.,. 1 Have you eaten ar the new Italian restaurant? I..........................................................yet but I'm ..................................... 2 Have you bought a car? I.............................................................but I ............................................. 3 Has Gerry asked Diana to marry him? He ................................................................................................................... 153 This time you have to complete the sentence. Use so far. Examples: 1 saw Tom yesterday bur .AhmK.t,.S&*lMm.%>fäC.... today. It rained a lot last week but &$m%mW&mtä<.mfo£tr>h week. 1 We are a lor yesterday but we........................................................much so far today. 2 It snowed a lot last winter but it.........................................................so fat this winter. 3 1 played tennis a lot last year but..................-.......-.............................this year. 4 She worked hard last term but........................................................this term. 5 I watched television yesterday evening.........................................................this evening. 6 My favourite football team won a lot of matches last season but they..................... .................................many matches so fat this season. 15.4 in this exercise you have to read the situation and then finish a sentence. Example: Ron is phoning Jul again. He has already phoned her twice this evening. it's the third tym.he.te.pte'e*li.ec.Öi^..ö«i?wm-........................................................ 1 You're late again. You've already been late once this week. It's the second ............................................................................................................................this week 2 The car has broken down. Ir has already broken down twice this month. It's the ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Ann has just finished drinking a cup of tea. She has already had four cups this morning. It's the fifth ................................................................................................................................................. 31 UNIT 14 Exercises 14.1 Yon are asking someone about things he has done in his life. Use the words in brackets to make your questions. Example: (you ever / be / to Italy?) .^Y?.Kw e^been tal.tsiy?........................................... 1 (you evet / be / to South America?).................................................................................................. 2 (you / read / any English books?) ........................................................................................................ 3 (you / live / in this town all your life?) .............................................................................................. 4 (how many times / you / be / in love?).............................................................................................. 5 (what's the most beauti/ul country you / ever I visit?) ............................................................... 6 (you ever / speak / to a famous person?) ......................................................................................... 14.2 Complete the answers to these questions. Use the verb in brackets. Example: Is it a beautiful painting? (see) Yes, tó.^líV^.PsW^^pa^ria.1'«»^««™.-. 1 Is it a good film? (see) Yes, it's the best ........................................................................................... 2 Is it a long book? (read) Yes, it's the................................................................................................. 3 Is she an interesting person? (meet) Yes, she's the most ........................................................... 143 Now you have to write questions and answers as shown in the example. Example: Jack is driving a car but he's very nervous and not sure whar to do. You ask: l$.ihÍ3.ite&r&túmiWitei«e«.a.RW:.l?ffere;............................................. 1 Len is playing tennis. He's not very good and doesn't know the rules. You ask: Is this the first rime.......................................................................................... Lení Yes, I've ................................................................................................................ 2 Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confidenr or comfortable. You ask: .................................................................................................................................. Sue: ................................................................................................................................... 3 Maria is in England. She's just arrived and it's very new for her. You ask: .................................................................................................................................. Maria:................................................................................................................................... 14.4 /Insider these questions using the words in brackets. Example: When did you last smoke? (for two years) Ĺtä*.W%.^^Mtm>.<&?&:......... 1 When did it last rain? (for ages) Ir ....................................................................................for ages. 2 When did they last visit you? (since June) They .......................................................................... 3 When did you last play tennis? (for a long rime) ........................................................................ 4 When did you last eat caviar? (never) ............................................................................................... 5 When did you last drive? (for six months) ...................................................................................... € When did you last go to Spain? (never) ........................................................................................... 7 When did she lasr write to you? (since last summet) ................................................................ 29 UNIT 17 Exercises 17.1 In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write two sentences, one with the present perfect simple (I have done) and one with the presem perfect continuous (I have been doing). Example: Tom is reading a book. He started two hours ago and he is on page S3. (he / read / for two hours) Hft.O(tó.feí5«fl..^Mina.fetoafeígi......................... (he / read / 53 pages so far) H* £3S.ffi^.5.5.i?IK)e£S3.f(Jlr,...................................... 1 Linda is from Australia. Now she is travelling round Europe. She began her tour three months ago. (she / travel / around Europe for three months) ................_____..................................................... (she/visit/six countries so tar) ..................................................................................______............_. 2 Jimmy is a tennis champion. He began playing tennis when he was 11 years old. Now he has just won the national championship for the fourth time. (he / play / tennis since he was 11)...................................................................._.................................... (he / win / the national championship tour times) ......................................................................,._.. 3 Bill and Andy make films. Tliey started making films together when they left college. (they / make / films since they left college) ..........................................................,......................_........ (they / make / ten films since they left college)................................................................................... 172 This lime you have to imagine that you are talking to a friend. Read the situation and ask a question beginning in the way shown. Example: Your friend is learning Arabic. How long bS^.iKH.tľ^.lS^ŕm.^^fe? 1 Your friend is waiting for you. How long ...................................____.......................................... 2 Your friend writes books. How many books .........................................................._........._.......... 3 Your friend writes books. How long............................................................................................... 4 Your friend plays football for bis country. How many rimes ................................................. 17.3 in this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect simple (I have done) or continuous (l have been doing,). Examples:].......................!**!« feffife.....................(lost) my key. Can you help me look for it? You look tired.......Hayfc.you,&>^Wartung......(you/work) hard? 1 Look! Somebody.................................................................(break) that window. 2 1................................................................(read) the book you gave me but I........................................ .........................(not/finish) it yet. 3 'Sorry I'm late.' 'That's all right. I................................................................. (not/wait) long.' 4 Hello! I................................................................ (clean) the windows. So far I -...............................................................wig,............................................. 1 Ann is very tired, (she ' work / hard) 2 Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill / fight)........................................... 3 George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he / lie / in the sun) 4 Janet is hot and tired, (she / play / tennis) 16.2 This time you have to ask a question for each situation. Example: Your friend's hands are covered in oil. (you / work / on the car?) ltaye.y^.bemwQi*uj4oii.foe.&»r.ľ........................................................ ! You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery, (you / cry?) 2 You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you / wait / long?) 3 Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very ditty, (what / you / do?) 163 Now you have to say how long something has been happening. Example: It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. \k.hSS.f^Sff..Úř!ft?...... 1 My foot is hurting. How long........................ 1 Mike plays chess. How................................... 3 Jim sells washing machines.............................................. 4 Tom is living in High Street. ............................................ UNIT 20 Exercises 20.1 in this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence. Use the verbs given in brackets. Read the example carefully first. Example: Ten minutes ago Tom lost his key. Now he has it in his hand. (lose / find) Tein.J^».fe.tós.teu>.tó.nsM.!3!fe.hf^í^í!d..ífi,............................. 1 I lost a lot of weight but now 1 am too heavy again, (lose weight / put on weight) I..........................................but now T 2 She went to Australia but now she is back in Btitain again, (go /come back) She..........................................but now ..................... 3 Last year Kevin bought a car. Now it belongs to someone else, (buy/sel!| .......................................................................................................... 4 The police arrested the man but now he is at home again, (artest / release) ................................................................................................ 5 Bill cut his hair. Now it is long again, (cut/ grow) ........................................................................................................ 6 The prisoner escaped from the prison. Now he is back in prison, (escape /be caught)........................................................................................ ________________________________________________________________________ng has 202 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones which are wrong. Examples: Have you heard? Suzanne has got married! £1C|HX..... The Chinese have invented printing. WRßt**.- Invented 1 Who has written the play Hamlet? .................... 2 Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher. .................... ions 3 Ow? I've cut my ringer. It's bleeding. .................... 4 Look at George! He had a haircut. .................... 5 My grandparents got married in London. ................... 6 Einstein was the physicist who has developed the theory if we say of relativity. .................... _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ;') 203 In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Example: A: Look! Somebody.....!l*S.Sfitt£.....(spill) milk on the carpet. B: Well, it.........yyoetft.......(not/be) me. I ....<*JJ**'fe.(tei... (not/do) it. A: 1 wonder who it............KiSS...........(be) then. (see Unit 1 A; Your hair looks different.................................(you/have) a haircut? B: Yes. A: ...............................(you/cut) it yourself? B: No, Ann................................(cut) it for me. 2 A: Did you hear about Ben? He.............................(break) his leg. omething B: Really? How..............................(that/happen)? A: He................................(fall) off a ladder. ly etsary. ing ning. med ? 41 UNIT 18 Exercises 18.1 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones which are wrong. Examples: How long have Bob and Alice been married? fr'ťí.^T....... I know Bob for five years. WRS?W.4.r hove known 1 Sue and Alan are married since July. ................... 2 It is raining all day. .................... 3 How long has George been unemployed?.................... 4 Have you always been living in this house? .................... 5 How long has Ken a beard? .................... 6 How long do you know Ann?.................... 7 She has been ill for quite a long time. .................... 182 This time you have to write questions with how long? Examples: Jim is learning Chinese. (tew.(ňjng.h.^nC.fe^.n.(«i3W?íl9S.^iS!egff..ľ. I know Bob. *W.&«&M^.^u.lm0*afefeľ....................................... 1 My sister is married. How long ......................................................................................... 2 Boris is on holiday. How long ............................................................................................ 3 I live in Glasgow.......................................................................................................................... 4 It is s no wi ng...............,...........................................................................................................—-. 5 Jack smokes................................................................................................................................... 6 1 know about her problem. ..................................................................................................... 7 Jack and Jill are looking for a flat....................................................................................... 8 Diana teaches English in Germany. .................................................................................... 9 Dennis is in love with Margaret. .......................................................................................... 10 Colin has a car. ............................................................................................................................ 183 In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with since or tot. Example: I know Bob. (for five years) lh«i».k!T^.n.febfe.fí)íe.yeorgt......................... 1 Jack lives in Bolton, (since he was born) Jack .............................................................................. 2 Bill is unemployed, (since April) Bill ................................................................................................. 3 Ann has a bad cold, (for the last few days) ................................................................................... 4 I want to go to the moon, (since 1 was a child)............................................................................. 5 My brother is studying languages at university, (for two years) ........................................... 6 Tim and Jane are working in Sheffield, (since February) ......................................................... 7 My cousin is in the army, (since he was 17) .................................................................................. 8 They are waiting for us. (for half an hour) ..................................................................................... 37 UNIT 22 Exercises 22.1 Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You went back to your home town after manv years and you found that many things were different. Example: Most of my friends were no longer there. They......,i!SMj- (*ffc,..... (leave). 1 My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He...............................(go) away. 2 The local cinema was no longer open. It...............................(close) down. 3 Mr Johnson was no longer alive. He................................(die). 4 I didn't recognise Mrs Johnson. She..............................(change) a lot. 5 Bill no longer had his car. He................................(sell) it. ' 22.2 Complete these sentences as in the example. Use the verb in brackets. Example: Mr and Mrs Davis were in an aeroplane. They were very nervous as the plane took off because they (fly) \Wt-XPW. f IpWR..(***&■................................................... 1 The woman was a complete stranger to me. (see) I .................................—--..............before. 2 Margaret was late for work. Her boss was very surprised, [be / lare) She ........................ 3 Jane played rennis yesrerday - at least she tried to play tennis. She wasn't very good ar ir because she (play)..................................................................................................................................... 4 It was Keith's first driving lesson. He was very nervous and didn't know what to do. (drive) He .................................................................................................................................................... a 22.3 Noiľ you have to make sentences using the words in brackets. Example: I wasn't hungry. (I / just / have / lunch) !..ri(»*j««..bM..UWf*?,............................... 1 Tom wasn't at home when I arrived, (he / iusr I go / out) ....................................................... 2 We arrived ar the cinema late, (the film / already / begin) ....................................................... 3 They weren't eating when 1 went to see tliem, (they / just / finish / [heir dinner) 4 I invited Ann ro dinner last night but she couldn't come, (she / already / arrange / to do something else) ........................................................................................................................................ 5 I was very pleased to see Nora again after such a long time. (I / not / see / her for live years) .......................................................................................................................................................... 22.4 Phi the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did). Examples: 'Was Tom rhere when you arrived?" 'No. he.......(W^.flPM..... (go) home,' 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' 'Yes, but he.......ÍXřflfi...........(go) home soon afterwards.' 1 The house was very quier when I gor home. Everybody ............................(go) to bed. 2 I felt very tired when I got home, so 1................................(go) straight to bed. 3 Sorry I'm late. The car................................(break) down on my way here. 4 There was a car by the side of the road. It............................(break) down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we................................(srup) to see if we could help. 4 UNIT 22 Past perfect (I had done) a) Study this example situation: Ar to }0 I went to a party last week. Tom went to the party too. Tom went home at 10.30. So, when I arrived ar II o'clock, Tom wasn't there. When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn't there. He had gone home. This is the past perfect (simple) tense: l/he/she (ere.) had (= I'd/he'd/she'd etc.) gone l/he/she (etc.) hadn't gone had you/he/she (etc.) gone? We form the past perleci with had + the past participle (gone/opened/written etc.). For irregular past participles see Appendix 2. Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past: - ) arrived ar the party. We use the past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time: - When I arrived ar the parry, Tom had already gone home. Here are some more examples: - When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had Molen my fur coat. - George didn't wanr to come to the cinema with ns because he had already seen the film twice. - It was my first rime in an aeroplane, I was very nervous because I hadn't flown before. ___ b) The past perfect (I had done) is the pasr of rhe present perfect (I have done). Compare ihese situations: Present I'm not hungry. I've just had lunch. The house is dirty. We haven't cleaned it for weeks. Past I wasn'r hungry. I'd just had lunch. The house was dirty. We hadn't cleaned it for weeks. c) Compare the past perfect (I had done) and the past simple (1 did): - 'WasTom there when you arrived?' No, he had already gone home.' but: 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' 'Yes, but he went home soon afterwards.' - Ann wasn'r in when I phoned her. She was in London. but: Ann had just got home when 1 phoned her. She had been in London. For the past perfect continuous see Unit 23. 44 UNIT 25 Used to (I used to do) a) Study ihis example situation: A F£W yčAZS A&O This is Dennis. He gave up smoking two years ago. He no longer smokes. But he used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. He used to smoke means that he smoked regularly for some time in the past, but he doesn't smoke now: past ---------- 2 years ago he used to smoke "TiQko-now^ We use used to with the infinitive (used to do / used to smoke etc.) to say [hat something regularly happened in the past but no longer happens: - 1 used to play tennis a lot, but now I'm too lazy. - 'Do you go to the cinema very often?' 'Not now, but I used to.' - Tom used to travel a lot. These days he doesn't go away very often. We also use used to for past situations (which no longer exist|í - We used to live in a small village but now we live in London. - This building is now a furniture shop. It used to be a cinema. - Do you see that hill over there? There used to be a castle on that hill. - I've started drinking coffee recently, i never used to like it before. - Ann used to have long hair but she cut it some time ago. b) Used to + infinitive is always past. There is no present. You cannot say i use to do'. For the present, use the present simple (1 do). Compare the present and past: past he used to smoke we used to live there used to be present he smokes we live there is c) The normal question form is did ... use to ...?: - Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? The negative form is didn't use to ... {or 'used not to') - Jack didn't use to go out vety often until he met Jill. d) Be careful not to confuse I used to do and I am used to doing (see Unit 62). The structutes and meanings are different: - I used to live alone. {- 1 lived alone but I no longer live alone.) - 1 am used to living alone, (^ 1 live alone and don't find it strange or new because I've been living alone fot some time.) 50 UNIT 25 Exercises 25.1 In this exercise you have to complete the sentence with used to ... Example: Dennis doesn't smoke any more but he ...WSřA.tfl.S.Wfílífi..... 40 cigarettes a day. 1 The baby doesn't cry so much now but she............-......——.,............ every night. 2 She..........................................my best friend but we aren't friends any longer. J We live in Nottingham now but we..........................................in Leeds. 4 Now there's only one shop in the village but there.......................................three. 5 When I was a child 1.......................................... ice-cream, but 1 don't like it now, 6 Now Tom has got a car. He..........................................a motor-cycle. 25J? T&is time you haue to write some sentences about a man who changed his life-style- Ron stopped doing some things and started doing other things: í stu dying hard i smoking He stopped ! going to bed early He started | going out every evening I running rhree miles every morning ( spending a lot of money Mare sentences like these: Examples: ^JÍ*^..to..StHC^..hftKÍ:....................................................................................................... H6..0^^..HSSA.te.sm!fe,..^....Mfi.d!iíri:t.ij^..^5i7wte,................................ 1............. .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 ........____........................................................................................................................................................... 1................................................................................................................................................................................ 253 Now you have to write some sentences about the present. Remember that there is no present tense of used to. Examples: Ron used ro srudy hard but now b.t.dí^n'tStyc^.yeiy.had,,........................... Ron didn't use to smoke but now Msn^tes,.............................................................. 1 Tom used to play rennis a lot but now .............................................................................................. 2 Ann never used to drink coffee but now ............................................................................................. 3 Jill didn't use to be fat but now.............................................................................................................. 4 Jack didn't use to go out much but now.................................................................................-....... 25.4 Now you haue to ask questions. Mr Ford is an old man now. You are asking someone what he used to do when he was younger. Example: 1 know he doesn't smoke now but d^.te.MSg.fc>.5H1Qfce.......................................? 1 1 know he doesn't play the piano now but ......................................................................................? 2 I know he isn't very rich now but ...................................................................................................? 3 1 know he doesn't go out very often these days but .....................................................................? 4 I know he doesn't dance these days but .........................................................................................? 5 1 know he hasn't got many friends now bur .............................................................................? 31 UNIT 56 Infinitive or -ing? (1) - like, would like etc. like hate enjoy can't bear dislike love mind can't stand These verbs and expressions ore often followed by -ing: - 1 enjoy being alone. - Ann hates flying. - Why do you dislike living here? - Tomdoesn'tmindworkingatnight. - Idon'ilikepeopleshoutingatme. After love and can'l bear, you can use -ing or 10 + infinitive: - I love meeting people. or 1 love to meet people. - She can'l bear being alone, or She can't bear to be alone- b) Like Often it doesn't matter whether you soy 'I like doing' or 'I like to do'. For example, you can say: - 1 like getting up early, or I like to get up early. We usually say '1 like doing' when 'like' means 'enjoy'; - Do you like cooking? (■= do yon enjoy it?) - 1 don't like driving. ( = I don't enjoy it.) When 'like' does not mean 'enjoy', we use '1 like to do'. I like to do something = I find it is good or right to do something: - 1 like to wash my hair twice a week. (This doesn't mean that 1 enjoy it; it means that 1 think it is a good thing to do.) - Tom likes to do the washing-up immediately after the meal. c) Would like is followed by lo + infinitive: - I would like to be rich. - Would you like to come to a party? Notice the difference in meaning between I like and I would like. I would like is a polite way of saying I want. Compare: - 1 like playing tennis. (= I enjoy it in general) - 3 would like to play tennis today, ( = I want to play) See also Unit 3 Id. We also use to + infinitive after would love/hate/prefer: - Would you prefer to have dinner now or later? - I'd love to be able to travel round the world. d) You can also say 'Í would like to have done something1 (= I regret that I didn't or couldn't do something): - It's a pity we didn't visit Tom. I would like to have seen him again. - We'd like to have gone on holiday but we didn't have enough money. The same structure is possible after would love/hate/prefer: - Poor old Tom! 1 would hate to have been in his position. - I'd love to have gone to the patty but it was impossible. m UNIT 56 Exercises 56.1 Answer these questions using the verbs given. Examples: Why do you never fly? (hate) L*!!i^.:Bi|ifi&......■■I-ľ-............-.....rľYĽ---.——- Why does Tom go to the cinema so often? (like) MteÄHSteíOfcS!»!»-: 1 Why do you always wear a hat? (like) 1 ....................................................................-...................... 2 Why does Ann watch television so often? (enjoy) She................................................................ 3 Why do you never go to the cinema? (not/like) ............-.........................-.................-.................... 4 Why does Jack take so many photographs? (like)........................................................................ 5 Why don't you work in the evenings? (hate) .................................................................................. ■ 56.2 This time put the verb into tfie correct form, -ing or to + infinitive. Examples: 1 enjoy............feStÜS— (be) alone. Would you like.......fcP.CO.We.......(come) to a parry? 1 Do you mind.................................(travel) such a long way to work every day? 2 Ann loves................................(cook) but she hates.................................(wash) up. 3 I can't stand people................................(tell) me what to do when I'm driving. 4 I don't like that house. 1 would hate.................................(live) there. 5 Do you like.................................(drive)? 6 When I have to catch a train, I'm always worried about missing it. So I like ................................. (get) to the station in plenty of time. 7 I very much enjoy.................................(listen) to classical music. 8 I would love.............................._. (come) to your wedding but it just isn't possible. 9 Sometime I'd like.................................(leatn) to play the guitar. 56.3 Now you have to make your own sentences. Say whether yon like or don't like the things in brackets (...). Choose one of these verbs for each of your sentences: (don't) like love hate enjoy don'i mind can't stand Example: (reading) Ife&.teM.^PgmW*/............................................................................. 1 (playing cards) 1 ................................_......................................................................,............................. 2 (learning languages)............................................................................................................................... 3 (visitingmuseums).................................................................................................................................. 4 (lying on the beach in the sun)........................................................................................................... 5 (shopping) ...............,.................................................................................................................................. 56.4 Now you have to write sentences like those in section d. Example: It's a pity 1 couldn't go to the wedding, (like) !M^.(veoÄin3............................................................................. 1 It's a pity 1 didn't meet Ann. (love) i would love........................................................................... 2 I'm glad 1 didn't lose my watch, (hate) 1.......................................................................................... 3 I'm glad I wasn't alone, (not/like)........................................................................................................ 4 it's a pity I couldn't travel by train, (prefer).................................................................................... 5 It's a pity 1 didn't see the film, (like) ................................................................................................... 113 UNIT 57 Infinitive or -ing? (2)- begin, start, intend, continue, remember, try a' begin slarl intend continue These verbs can usually be followed by -lne or to + infinitive. So you can say; - The baby began crying, or The baby began to cry. - li has started raining, or It has started 10 rain. - John iniends buying a house, or John intends to buy a house. - He continued working after his illness, or He continued to work after his illness. b) Remember to do and remember doing You remember to do something before you do it. Remember to do something is the opposite of 'forget to do something'; - I remembered to lock the door before f left but 1 forgot to shu[ the windows. (= I remembered to lock the door and then I locked it) - Please remember to post the letter. (= don't forget to post it] You remember doing something after you do it. I remember doing something = I did something and now 1 remember it: - I dearly remember locking the door before 1 left. (= I locked it and now I clearly remember this) - He could remember driving along the road just before the accident happened bur he couldn't remember the accident itself. c) Try to do and try doing Try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do: - 1 was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but 1 couldn't. - Please try lo be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep. Try doing Try also means 'do something as an experiment or rest": - Try some of this juice -perhaps you'll like it. (= drink some of it to see if you like it) - We tried every hotel in the town hut they were all full. (= we went to every hotel to see if they had a room) If try (with this meaning) is followed by a verb, we say try -ing: - "1 can't find anywhere to live.' 'Why don't you try putting an advertisement in the newspaper?' ( = do this to see if it helps you to find a place to live) - I've got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didn't help. (= 1 took an aspirin to see if it would stop my headache) 114 UNIT 57 Exercises 1 He wasinhospital whenhewasfour. 2 Hewentto Paris when hewaseight. 3 He fell in to the river. 57.1 Here is some information about Tom when he was a child. 4 Hecriedonhisfirstdayatschool. 5 Hesaidhewantedtobeadoctor. ) Need to do and need -ing I need to do something = it is necessary for me to do something: - I need to take more exercise. - He needs to work harder. - 1 don't need to come to the meeting, do I? Need -ing = need to be done (so the meaning is passive): - The batteries in this radio need changing. [= need to be changed) - This jacket is rather dirty. It needs cleaning. (= needs to be cleaned) - Do you think the grass needs cutting? (= needs to be cut) c) Help Help is followed by the iniinitive with or without to: - Everybody helped (to) clean up after the parry. - Can somebody help me (to) move this table? But thete is also an expression 'can't help doing something'. I can't help doing something = 1 can't stop myself from doing something: - I tried to be serious bur I couldn't help laughing. - I'm sorry I broke the glass. Someone pushed me and 1 couldn't help dropping it. - He is stupid but it's not his fault. He can't help being stupid. 1IŔ UNIT 58 Exercises 58.1 In this exercise you have in make sentences with afraid. Read each situation and then use the words in brackets to write your sentence. Examples: The srreets are unsafe at night.. (! / afraid / go out I alone) Im.afrti&M&.WPMW.G.:........................................... We walked very carefully along the icy path. (we / afraid / fall) Wô.W.C^.0M.i4.