0
►se-xaa
1čl\    IC      ft
ANl VfeO Sh0PP'ng
frivfc    D
a
o   g   u   e
o
I 1 Mary goes to a flea market.
Mearii
2  &-tí-co r/£
Mise no hito ih    í,     '
3   y r 'j - :
Mearii Mise no hito
5 ^ r »J -;
Mearii
6   Ä-tí-COlA^
Mise no hito K   í,   "   ..
7 /r1)-:
Mearii
Sumimasen.            Kôre vva    ikura desu ka.
Sore wa    sanzen en desu.
Takai desu ne.             Jaa,
ano tokee vva            ikura desu ka.
Are vva      sanzengohyaku en desu.
Soo desu ka.          Are mo     takai desu ne.
ztili -tí-,Uäoi^> < x/v-C-flo
Kôre vva    senhappyaku en desu yo.
Ľ**, ýíoí:(|vnž  < j&$v\
Jaa,                 sono tokee o             kudasai.
A man finds a wallet on the ground.
Shiranai hito
9 / ŕ '} - :
Mearii
Koře vva    dare no     saifu desu ka. Watashi no    saifu desu. Arigatoo gozaimasu.
-
®
E J After shopping., Mary goes to a restaurant. ,  ^ i — h i/ x : v ^b o L ^ v * ř -ŕo   ^ X a — ž   fef i £%
Ueetoresu                      Irasshaimase.                           Menvuu o             doozo.
%l
Mearii                             Doomo.       Koře wa    nan děsu ka.
Ueetoresu                     Doře děsu ka.       Aa,            tonkatsii děsu.
Mearii                             Tonkatsu?             Sakana děsu ka.
Ueetoresu                      lie,                 sakana ja arimasen.                          Niku děsu.        Oishii děsu yo.
Mearii                             Jaa,                 koře o        onegaishimasu.
7 y 7* *?■—■:        Ýä^^-íC,  fetíř^WO  *fC*t"fťč
Mearii                             Sumimasen,            otearai wa                  doko děsu ka.
s ýí^l^ux: h % z-t-1%
Ueeloresu                     Asoko děsu.
©
Mary: Excuse me. How much is this? Vendor: It is 3.000 yen.
Mary: It's expensive. Well then, how much is that watch? Vendor: That is 3.500 yen. Mary: I see. That is expensive, too. Vendor: This is 1.800 yen. Mary: Then. IT1 take that watch. *                *                *
Stranger: Whose wallet is this?
Mary: It's my wallet. Thank you very much.
©
Waitress: Welcome. Here's the menu.
Mary: Thank you. What is this?
Waitress: Which one? Oh. it is lonkatsu (pork cutlet).
Mary: Tonkatsui Is it fish?
Waitress: Xo, it is not fish. It is meat. It is delicious.
Mary: Then, I'll have this.
■                *                *
Mary: Excuse me. Where is the restroom? Waitress: It is over there.
©
►éis-Xää
		fc	^	■**fi
	V    o	c    a	b    u	1     a    r    y
w	o r d s     T h a	t     Point		
*	zn	kôre		this one
*	**t	sore		that one
*	hfl	are		that one (over there)
*	fcf'fc	dore		which one
	3c?)	kono		this . . .
*	f «5	sono		that . . .
*	&?)	ano		that . . . (over there)
	žfeg	dono		which . . .
*	Í$2	asoko		over there
*	íTc	doko		where
*	f z ti	dare		who
F	o o d			
*	&VN L V^	oishii		delicious
*	£á*t	sakana		fish
*	nA,iŕ*3	tonkatsu		pork cutlet
*	{:<	niku		meat
*	*—*T	menyuu		menu
	f $IN	yasai		vegetable
T	h i n g s			
	HA,tŕ&	enpitsu		pencil
	ô* 5	kasa		umbrella
	é'äte	kaban		bag
	<^	kutsu		shoes
*	S w»J^	saifu		wallet
	v — > X	jiinzu		jeans
	&tí	jisho		dictionary
	Ľ t /v L t	jitensha		bicycle
	L /vJŕí/C	shinbun		newspaper
	T-"7=	teepu		tape
*	říi£	tokee		watch: clock
	h k—ť-	toreenaa		sweat shirt
*  Words that appear in the dialogue
/-{		nooto	notebook
**? >		pen	pen
\Sl L		booshi	hat: cap
HL		hon	book
Places			
*    io "C Ž) b ^ *		otearai	restroom
NžtX		kissaten	cafe
r&- ť		ginkoo	bank
Ktjf**A		toshokan	library
kp i ty& i	ž <	yuubinkyoku	post office
C o u n t r i	e s		
r^'H		Amerika	U.S.A.
í f '-J $		Igirisu	Britain
í^ic <		Kankoku	Korea
%   H>    1     w      <		Chuugoku	China
Majors			
rfv*3?vi		keezai	economics
3/ťi-	7 —	konpyuutaa	computer
ŕ v ^ x		bijinesu	business
íiš L		rekishi	history
Family			
£**&$£		okaasan	mother
nzn §X		otoosan	father
Money	M a t 1	r e r s	
*   *> < ŕ,		íkura	how much
• ~x^		... en	. . . yen
*   féé*Ví		takai	expensive
Expressions
*    v\^-5 Ľŕ^i-íŕ        irasshaimase            Welcome (to our store)
*    (~ £ ) fefeíTÍ^V *Lá"f"   ( • - • oi onegaishimasu. . . , please.
*    (~ ž ) { ti 21 v»            ( . . . o) kudasai      Please give me . . .
*    \S ^ h                            jaa                            then . . . : if that is the
case. . . .
*    (~ Ž ) € ') 2f                ( • • • o) doozo        Here it is.
*    if ^ t,                            doomo                     Thank you.
©
HM-SttM
i&fuläio    Grammar
zn Ýti £ti <*íti
What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of? We say "this thing," "that one," and so forth. In Japanese, we use kore, sore, and are.
Kore wa    ikura desu ka. Sore wa    sanzen en desu.
Hoiv much is this?
That is 3,000 yen.
Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this thing here"). Sore is something that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and are refers to a thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one oyer there").
<*   K
Are wa      vvatashi no     pen desu.
tili hfz l ŕ) <>Tfm
Kore wa    watashi no     pen desu.
Sore wa    watashi no     pen desu.
There is also an expression dore for "which." Here we will learn to use dore in sentences like:
ťtťďů*
Which one is it (that you are talking about)?
Dore desu ka.
In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word dore can be put to use, because there is a slight complication with question words like dore. Question words like dore and nani cannot be followed by the particle wa. Instead, you must use the particle ga and say:
--   . £tl&  &f£rz0)  Otf^i                    Which one is your pen?
Dore ga    anata no        pen desu ka.
§|9   Z(D/Z:<D/&<D/<a<D + noun
If you want to be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and are. you can use kono, sono, and ano together with a noun. (Note here that the re series must always stand alone, while the no series must always be followed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in your hand is a watch (tokee), instead of:
Z tili   v n < b-Ü-f^0                                         Hoic much is tin's?
Kore wa    ikura desu ka.
you can say:
ZCQK ltv*&   VN < h^i~ů\                              How much is this watch?
Kono tokee wa        ikura desu ka.
Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to, you can say:
%<7) K (t v n I ä   $ &,*£& X. A*"ťf9                      That watch is 3,000 yen.
Sono tokee wa        sanzen en desu.
And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say:
h<T> £ It^lá   3 A^A^IA* < £.X*"C+«       That watch over there is 3,500 yen.
Ano tokee wa         sanzengohyaku en desu.
If you already know that one of several watches is 3.500 yen but do not know which, you can say:
g*fg t (t v %*«   5 &*£L ílf & i a -C'1-tK       Which watch is 3,500 yen?
Dono tokee ga        sanzengohyaku en desu ka.
Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above, we cannot use the particle wa with it; we must use ga.
36
► ěIĚ-£;ŽÍ
To summarize:
zn (li-)	£0noun  (tt—)	close to the person speaking
^n (i*~)	^(Dnoun (íi—)	close to the person listening
sn (i*~)	SO noun  (Ö—)	far from both people
dti DS*—3	£ö)noun  [#-~)	unknown
tztlO) noun
In Lesson 1, we learned how to say things like Mearii sail no denwa hangoo (Mary's phone number) and Takeshi san no okaasan (Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to ask who something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose," we simply add the particle no.
Z tilů.   tzJKD   *»üTX,ti-*\
Kore wa    dare no     kaban desu ka.
Whose bag is this?
-t  \
Sore wa    Suu san no        kaban desu.
That is Sue's bag.
33 ^:tL a5"?r<r dfcT
We will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lesson: koko. soko., asoko, and doko are words for places.
<__ c_	here, near me
%z	there, near you
ti^z	over there
i	where
You can ask for directions by saying: t&Ř*A*   VIVA,*-* <li  £Z-ttfr>
Sumimasen,            yuubinkvoku wa                  doko desu ka.
Excuse me, where is the post office?
If you are close by, you can point toword the post office and say:
(yp 1 If Ás 3* <t < íä)   h^Z X'-f0                        (The post office is) right over there.
(Yuubinkyoku wa)                     asoko desu.
We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson 4.
jpŕl     noun t
In Lesson 1. we learned how to say "Item A is this, item B is that." We now learn how to say "Item A is this, and item B is this, too."
Takeshi is a Japanese person.
Michiko is Japanese, too.
Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape. This is natural, as they both claim that a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the first in that we do not find the particle tea in it. We have mo instead. Mo is a particle that indicates that that item, too, has the given property. One thing that you should watch out for is exactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed after the sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Xot so in Japanese. In the above example, mo must directly follow Michiko san.
___         ......		
	a    i*    x    -cto	.4 is X.
	B\  %  IX    rTo	B too is X.
+        +		
two items    shared property1		
WM   noun U^6DSii&
To negate a statement of the form A" iva Y Jesu, where Y is a noun, you replace desu with ja arimasen.
^Ě.tz% /v íá  ¥ < -tí-^ L* f £> 0 Ž -tŕ/lo      Hr. Yamada is not a student.
Yamada san wa      gakusee ja arimasen.
'We cannot use mo to describe a situation like the following: Our friend, Pat, has dual citizenship; Pat is a Japanese, but at the same time, she is an American. To describe the second half of this situation, we cannot say, Patto mo amerikajin desu. because the sentence would mean that Pat, in addition to somebody that has been mentioned, is an American. Neither can we say, Patto iva amerikajin mo desu. (Japanese speakers would say, Patto wa amerikajin demo arimasu.)
2In the dialogues, there are two sentences thai end with desu. which call for special attention: Are mo takai desu ne (That one too is expensive), and Oisliii desu yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by replacing desu with ja arimasen. because takai and oisliii are not nouns. Are mo takai ja arimasen and oishii ja arimasen are therefore not grammatical. Instead, one would have to say takaku arimasen and oisiiiku arimasen. We will learn about the conjugation pattern of adjectives in Lesson 5.
/cit L 3&tt  i:(i/vatt=
Takeshi san wa        nihonjin desu. Michiko san mo      nihonjin desu.
®
► ŠÍÍŠ-3&
Ja in ja arimasen is a contraction of dewa. In written Japanese, the uncontracted form is more common; thus, the above sentence more likely appears in writing as Yamada san iva gakusee dewa arimasen.
affirmative:    (X It) Y (ľto                                X is Y.
negative:        (X (á) Y Ovfoužiž/vo             X is not Y.
~fc/~cfc
Statements often end with the tags ne or yo, depending on the way the speaker views the interaction with the listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement to what has been said, then ne ("right?") could be added.
'J — ^ /ví7)  -tí~/v t /l íá  J*A*s&*í tt^o      Ms. Lee, your major is literature, right?
Rii san no             senmon wa          bungaku desu ne.
Zfll±  lz < C f h ') Ř -Č/vfao                        This is not meat, is it?
Koře wa    niku ja arimasen ne.
Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree.
Tonkatsu wa       sakana ja arimasen yo.
Let me assure you.  "Tonkatsu" is not fish.
Sumisu san wa        igirisujin desu yo.
(In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is British.
£ŠEfM
my—s
Expression    Notes
(—'S)<£:<*I■*► ( ... oj kiidasai is "Please give me X." You can use it to request (concrete) items in general.
(—'SjäSfä^l^U^'^'^ ( ■ ■ ■ o) onegaishiniasii too is a request for item X. When used to ask for a concrete object. ( . . . o) onegaisliimasu sounds slightly more upscale than < . . . u) kudasai. It is heard often when ordering food at a restaurant ('"I will have . . ."). ( . . . o) onegaisliimasu can also be used to ask for "abstract objects." such as repairs, explanations, and understanding.
(—^)<ff "3"?"' ► ( . . . o) doozo is used when an offer is made with respect to item X. In the dialogue, the restaurant attendant uses it when she is about to hand the menu to the customer. It may also be used when a person is waiting for you to come forth with item X; a telephone operator, asking for your name, would probably say Guanine o doozo. (O is a politeness marker. Therefore onamae is "your honorable name.")
On the pronunciation of number words ► Note that the words for 300, 600, 800. 3.000 and 8.000 involve sound changes. "Counters" whose first sound is h. like Iiyaku (hundred), generally change shape after 3, 6, and 8. Some counters that begin with s, like sen (thousand), change shape after 3 and 8. Refer to the table at the end of the volume.
Big numbers ► In addition to the digit markers for tens (juu), hundreds (Iiyaku). and thousands (sen), which are found in Western languages as well. Japanese uses the marker for tens of thousands (man). Thus 20,000, for example, is niman (=2x10,000). rather than nijuusen (=20x1,000). While the next unit marker in Western languages is one million, Japanese describes that number as 100x10.000. that is, hyakuman.
More  complicated numbers can  be  considered  the  sums  of smaller numbers, as in the following examples.
234.567    =
23X10.000	!_U	# 3 ^ & t k	(nijuusanman
4x 1.000		iÄ,-£Ä	(yonsen)
5x     100		Čí>* <	(gohyaku)
6x       10		h < U * -5	(rokujuu)
7		&&	(nanai
► ěfš-£>
tl/uUy>5    Practice
Q}"f3ü   (Numbers)
100	u^ <		1,000	%&	10,000	V ^ Ž /v
	hyaku	-		sen		ichiman
200	r~u^ <		2,000	t:-tfVv	20,000	K í á*
	nihyaku			nisen		niman
300	žáttf*	<	3,000	sanzen	30,000	sanman
	sanbyaku					
400	yonhyaku	<	4,000	yonsen	40,000	yonman
500	gohyaku		5,000	gosen	50,000	goman
600	^>oíA>	<	6,000	rokusen	60,000	^ < á/v rokuman
	roppyaku					
700	nanahyaku	<	7,000	nanášen	70,000	& ft ^ & nanaman
800	happyaku	<	8,000	hassen	80,000	hachiman
900	kyuuhyaku	*  <	9,000	kyuusen	90,000	$ vp 1  £ ^ kyuuman
A.   Read the following numbers. (^
(a) 34	lb) 67	(c) 83	(d) 99	re) 125
(f) 515	(S) 603	(h) 850	(i) 1,300	ij) 3,400
(k) 8,900	(1) 35,000	W 64,500	(n) 92,340	
B.   Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are. (jj]
Example:    Q : O iá  V*< b"Ci~*\
Pen \va      ikura desu ka. Hachijuu en desu.
Ex. ^>
¥80
(1) ž-L7J^
¥50
(2)  ¥*
(4) t^
¥1,500
¥600
(6)   < o
¥3,500
(7)   Z11\*
¥10,000
(8) fr IS Á.
¥20,000
(12)  /-h
(9)  ĽLj:
(13) 151 l
¥450		¥2,800
(10) v - > X          (11)  U «c 41- f
C.   Pair Work—One of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B (p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items.
Example:    A í HAtW^U   **< h"ťfé\
Enpitsu \va         ikura desu ka.
B : Uý < £<C-Ci",
Hvaku en desu.
©
zxš5-X;£í
Picture A
¥1,200
¥36,000
¥
¥10,000
¥8,000
A. Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through (12) are near your friend. Your friend asks what these things are. Answer the questions. Pay attention to Ztl (kore) and €sft {sore). @
Example 1:    Your friend : ZtllŮ.  &A,X"t%\
Sore wa    nan desu ka.
You : £•&*£ <>"t~ř«
Kore wa    pen desu.
Example 2:   Your friend : Z tili  &/v"t*t£%
Kore wa   nan desu ka.
You : f ttjá   ř U-Ť—-ťt,
Sore wa    toreenaa desu.
B.   Look at the picture and tell what each building is. H
Example:    Q : h tili   %A*t"frě\
Are vva      nan děsu ka.
A : híwt  t LxIrAiťfn
Are \va      toshokan děsu.
Li b va. vy
a a   do   ob
DD      DD      an
53 D D q
□  D
D  Q
0  D
0  D
"ToZäÍ
University
o a a a
a o
a o
BAWK
(D
(2)
Post   Office
Do   a o   od
DD              q D
Coffee Shop
ai\Jm
(3)
(4)
C. Pair Work—Point out five things in the classroom and ask your partner what they are using 3tl (kore), -£tl (sore), or Stl (are). Refer to the picture on p. 53 for the vocabulary.
Example 1:
A : htii±  %A*ttü\
Are wa      nan desu ka.
B : feiřUJ   Ettvvc-ť.
Are wa      tokee desu.
Example 2:	
A : ztitt	aA*"&t*
Sore wa	nan desu ka.
B : zhli	-o-c-to
Kore wa	pen desu.
D. Pair Work—One of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 51). Ask and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use ZO (kono), iE-® (sono), or 35CD (ano) appropriately.
Example:   Customer: Z<DllH±  ^{ b*Ci~^0
Kono hon wa      ikura desu ka.
Store attendant : I'-^tLU^ < z.AsX*i~0
Nisen hyaku en desu.
Card A
¥2,100
¥12,600
wallet
¥2,100
¥7,350
09&D
Part I. You are a store attendant. Tell       Part II. You are a customer. Ask for the the customer how much each item is.          prices of items (1)~(5).
nzm<
í ztiii Ťčtw tržvtfr
Pair Work—Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it is. Your partner will refer to the picture B (p. 52) and tell you who it belongs to.
Example:    A '. Zjlíž  Ťil\7)  i*$1ři"*\
Koře \va    dare no     kasa děsu ka.
B : /TV-^Ln *5Tt.
Mearii san no                 kasa děsu.
Picture A
(1)
(3)
Switch roles with your partner. (6)                      (7)                      (8)
(4)
y -\
Ji-
(9)
Look at the pictures below and describe each picture, píl
Example:                                                                     Ex.    Japanese
Otoosan vva               nihonjin desu.
Okaasan mo              nihonjin desu.
Father
Mother
T*
r^
►éis-Xäsí
(1) second year                      (2) ¥5,800
Mary                Tanaka
(3) 22-years old
(4)   Elt^
tokee
Robert
(5) vegetable
(6) U. of London students Robert   /r^r\        r*-»-»   Nancv

A.   Look at the chart on the next page and answer the questions, ßl Example:    Q:£rfJ-»3&U   í- í i X^ Ľ A,*ď4>\
Mearii san wa               nihonjin desu ka.
lie,                nihonjin ja arimasen.                                Amerikajin desu.
1.   ňftl^&tä %ypi z"< U/^X-f^o
Takeshi san wa       chuugokujin desu ka.
2.  P'<—h$££ f í 'jŽL^Tf^c
Robaato san wa            amerikajin desu ka.
Yamashita sensee wa             kankokujin desu ka.
4. nA-h^co #x,&aCíá utiArrr^K
Robaato san no            senmon wa         nihongo desu ka.
Suu san no          senmon wa         keezai desu ka.
6. ŕzlil^/Llä.   £Jl3řV'»AřVM&*<«i a't^wr?»*»,
Takeshi san wa       Toozai daigaku no                  gakusee desu ka.
7.  í T >J -^ Lit  o > K>7cv^< T) jg*{ *t\\*tf&
Mearii san wa                 Rondon dai°aku no
gakusee desu ka.
Takeshi san wa        ninensee desu ka.
9.  X-SA, (á  fc^feiC-***■*=+*%
Suu san wa          ichinensee desu ka.
io. q/*—!»^/,!* «t^^mMr*
Robaato san wa             vonensee desu ka.
	Hart, Mary	% tí htz tt L Kimura Takeshi	Kim, Sue	Smith, Robert	Yamashita sensee
Nationality	American	Japanese	Korean	British	Japanese
School	U. of Arizona	Tozai Univ.	Seoul Univ.	U. of London	Tozai Univ.
Major	Japanese	history	computer	business	(Japanese teacher)
Year	2nd year	4th year	3rd year	4th year	^^^
B.   Pair Work—Ask your partner whose belongings items (1) through (7) are. Your partner will refer to the picture on the next page and answer the questions.
Example: A B A B
Koře wa    Mearii san no                 saifu desu ka.
lie,                  Mearii san no                 saifu ja arimasen.
Ex.
Kôre wa    Rii san no
saifu desu ka.
tt.  'J-^/v^ š^&Vf*
Rii san no
saifu desu.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
©
► Zxöp'X/Si
®£č.tí)(D tlkil/QÔ  (Review Exercises)
A.   Role Play—One student is a store attendant. The other is a customer. Use Dialogue I as a model.
E»«0
B. Role Play—One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using Dialogue I as a model.
^-ZL-
*w*l X <
í-     !'.
*tf
i ť L
t>FM7f
r -í x 7 'j -^
ó     £>     A    «.
v^
■ J.        ŕ)
7-^
/\ >/<—#'—

► ÄS-Äž
Pair WorkíTjC.
Example:    A : x.A,lf^l±  ^< &tt^*
Enpitsu vva           ikura desu ka.
Hyaku en desu.
¥100
Pair Work  I   D.
Example:   Customer: Z<D{$A,\±  t*< k^~f&\
Kóno hon wa     ikura desu ka.
Store attendant : !:-tí-^^^ < x.A,X'-f:
Nisen hvaku en desu.
Card B
¥1,050
wallet
¥7,350
¥2,100
(4)
_
¥3,780
¥9,450
Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the      Part II. You are a store attendant. Tell price of items (l)-(5).                                   the customer how much each item is.
► ěSS-S&í
Pair Work (I
Example:    A '.  Z tili  Ťz%MF>  fr$X*-ffr
Koře wa    dare no     kasa děsu ka.
B : 7r)-^A,f) ^^x~f0
Mearii san no                 kasa děsu.
Picture B
Robaato
Yamashita sensee
In    the    Classroom
3 < (iX
kokuban
it L -=r a
keshigomu
MX A,
kaban
Useful Expressions
Wakarimashita.
fofr*) a*A«
VVakarimasen.
Yukkuri            itte kudasai.
Moo ichido          itte kudasai.
Chotto             matte kudasai.
I understand./I understood.
I don't understand./I don't know
Please speak slowly.
Please say it again.
Please wait.