i. A
2.  if
3.  MA
4. %n
6.  ^^
7.   &£
8.  &-k
9.  XA
^Hi^     DI SAN KE         Lesson    3
— n tkM    Shěngci    New Words
who, whom friend
(fir)
shi (ft)        shéi/shuí (45)        péngyou
to be

(45)        läoshl"
ma (ig)        däifu (ig)        ylshěng
teacher

(ig)        hůshi (£)        gôngrén

an interrogative particle
doctor ( iweá i/i spoken Chinese)
doctor
hospital nurse factory worker
_ x t%3C    Kewén    Texts
Li Danian is looking at Liu Tianhua' s photo album.




Li: To shi shéi?
Liú: To shi wo péngyou.




The underdotted final indicates the word stress. For word stress, see Phonetics, Lesson 16.
1Í
^.

;í&    Tihuän    Substitution
	?sm£		wo bäba
	ä4mj		wo yéye
ffe	n^n		wo gěge
	&<$,%>		wo dldi
	Ä*!W	tö	wo läoshT
	»#5		wo näinai
m	»*3		wo máma
	Uc*^		wo měimei

n
			
LT:    Tä shl läoshí ma?			
Liú: Tä shi läoshT.			
Tihuän     Substitution
tt

tä
yTshěng däifu hüshi gôngrén


=.^ um    Yüyin    Phonetics
l. ÄB-^^ai, -ei, ao, ou tt&MA
Pronunciation characteristics of the compound finals ai, -ei, ao, OU É<£fŘ#ai, -ei, ao, ou t^Bif-^^^*«,^txo
The first constituents in ai, -ei, 00, and OU are pronounced more loudly and clearly than the second ones.
ai                    däifu
ei                   shéi
ao                   häo        Gäo        läoshT
ou                   péngyou






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2.  Ä^ÄS-ft-iu, -ui The compound finals -iu and -ui
Ä"ŠÍS«ioik uei mfffiÍD^#W0ÍÍÍ,^^-iu, -uio
When the compound finals ÍOU and uei are preceded with initials, they are written as -iu and -UÍ .
3.  JHM-ong Éft£H    The nasal final -ong
#gf#-ong ŤfôŤčW oJt[u], *Jt[o]0 Note that the vowel in -Ong is |_uj, not \_o\ .
4.   ^E.ß    The half-third tone
When followed by a syllable in the 1sl, 2" , 41 or neutral tone, a third-tone syllable is pronounced in the half-third tone, that is, only the initial falling is pronounced, with the rise substituted by the syllable that follows. ^H^ + ^-^(3rd + l8')
*________________________shT      fc_________
läoshl                                 A___________j______________
:     fr
wo mäma                         3------------------t--/------------------
wo gěge                          2 "   ~"^=::~::::'Š2r^F'-
fgH]^ + M^-P    (3rd+2'"')
wo pengyou                  4--------------~Z^^~^u—
-i_________________'*£^2________.«__
wo yéye                                J                            ;  7
2------^=^wo- — *f-----------------------
m=p + mmp  (3rd + 4,h)
5--------------------------------------------------
wo didi                          3                      FT"   \rk'
•>____________ v___4-V-—___>r__________________
wo měimei                         | _ __ľ_ľľ^=>Ji ____jk J«J______
Refer to Phonetics, Lesson 2 for the pronunciation of the sequence    3'  + °  . 20



5. —ß&W:    Two third-tone syllables in succession
When two third-tone syllables occur in succession, the first one changes to the second tone. Ní háo wo näinai ní näinai wo läoshí ní läoshT
,mm    Yüfä    Grammar
■



1. íiníOiiin     Subject and predicate
Chinese sentences may generally be divided into two sections: the subject (S) and the predicate (P). As a rule, the subject always precedes the predicate, hence the pattern is "Subject + Predicate" . The predicate can be composed of different elements. In this lesson, the verb shl (^) and its object (0) serve as the predicate.
		P
S	Jt         +           o	
To	shi	shéi?
To	shi	läoshí.
To	shl	wo péngyou.
2. HÍŘ]ftiŠl"ifÍ"    The interrogative pronoun shéi (Ü)
Shéi ("Hi) is an interrogative pronoun used in the position where the answer is expected to form a question.
To shi shéi?
To shi wo péngyou.
%*mZf!to  ®|5J*jSMffl|5]-§"?"
In other words, questions with interrogative pronouns follow the same word order as
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declarative sentences; this point is different from many other languages. A question mark "?" is used at the end of interrogative sentences.
3.  m"nVfóÄÍR]'S]    Questions using ma (m)
The interrogative particle ma ( R§) is used at the end of a statement to form a question.
To shi läoshí ma?
Tä shi ní péngyou ma?
4.   A4$ftÍ5lft=IĚÍ£(l)     Personal pronouns as attributive (1)
In the following phrases, the personal pronouns are attributives modifying the nouns following them to indicate possession.
wo pényou                               my friend
WO bába                                   my father
to did i                                        his (or her) younger brother
ní mama                                   your mother
SN ^5J    Liänxí   Exercises
1. M     Tones
1) m^PM    The four tones
shä                            shá
rěn                             rén
_ guí                             guí
shä		shä
rěn		rěn
guí lěng		gul lěng
döu nöng		döu nöng
lěng                           léng
döu                            döu
-nong                          nong
2) -^H^     The half-third tone
v +"            läoshí       wo mäma       wo gěge
v +'            wo péngyou        wo yéye
v + v            wo bäba       wo didi
v + °             wömen        nímen
22
nouns
JfcM	Sound discrimination:		b—p—m—1	•	
D	bo	po	mo	fo	
	bu ban	pu pan	mu man	fu fan	
	ben	pen	men	fen	
	beng	peng	meng	feng	
	bei	pei	mei	fei	
2)	běibao	piáopô	meimän	fenfä	
	bänlái	pípa	měimiao	fänfä	
	bäobiän	pópo	mäimai	feifü	
	bäobán	péngpäi	méimao	fěnfěn	
3)	biäopí	päobú	fäpiáo	pengfu	
	bčopiäo	pübiän	fänpü	pínfä	
3. íf M & >J     Build-up exercise			läoshT	gôngrén	
		shi	läoshT	shi gôngrén	
		Bába shi	läoshT.	Gěge shi gôngrén.	
		Ta bába shi	läoshT. däifu	Wo gěge shi gôngrén . hCishi	
		sh	däifu	shi hüshi	
		Péngyou sh	däifu.	Měimei shi hüshi.	
	Tä	péngyou sh'	däifu.	Wo měimei shi hüshi.	
4. ffl"if£"š5t"R3"ÍSl°]    Turn the following into questions using it orB^.
1)  T5 shi wo yéye.
2)  Wo mäma shi yishěng.
3)  Tä didi shi gôngrén.
4)  Wo shi tä péngyou.
5)  Tarnen shi wo měime.
i,#ÄB-£ktf'ÍííH«


s. JB-*IHtf4HH—N
Choose a family picture, and tell your classmates who the members of the family in the picture are. Compose a dialogue about the picture.
23