Table 3.1 Chronology of seminal events surrounding the Commandery Period (108 bc-ad 313) China South/West Korea Japan 2000-1027 Be 1027-221 bc 667 or 660 bc 400 bc-ad 0 200 bc-ad 0 221-206 bc 206 bc-ad 220 206 bc-ad 9 196 bc 194 bc 140-87 bc 135 bc 128 bc Shang Dynasty in China Zhou Dynasty in China Qin Dynasty in China Han Dynasty in China Early Han period, capital in Chang'an Bestowal of rank on King Nanyuě in southern China Mainland Reign of Emperor Wu of China End of heqin system; beginning of military expansion and Han Tributary System Late Bronze/Early Iron Age in Korea Establishment of Weiman Chosön Submission of tribute to Han from the north Korean Peninsula Traditional dates of Jinmu's ascendance to throne Middle Yayoi period in japan 109 bc 108 Be Bestowal of rank on Dian king in southwestern China Mainland 108 bc-ad 313 Existence of Lelang (the Commandery Period) 101 bc 1 St C. bc 1 St C. bc-4th C. ad 3 bc ad 0-300 ad 0-200 ad 9-23 ad 23-220 ad 23 Ferghana subdued; access to Arabian horses established Cult of Queen Mother of the West in China Queen Mother millennial movement in northeast China Commanderies established in Manchuria and northern Korea Building of Yoshinogari mound-burial Late Iron Age/Samhan/ Proto-Three Kingdoms in Korea Late Yayoi period in japan Wang Mang interregnum Late Han period, capital in Luoyang Late Han tributary system established (Table 3.1 continued) Table 3.1 Continued China South/West Korea Japan Reign of Emperor Guangwu of China ad 27-57 ad 32-33 ad 47 ad 51 ad 57 ad 69 ad 81-88 Localized iron monopolies ad 105-106 ad 121 ad 140 Flow of Han Dynasty mirrors to japan slows to trickle Submission of tribute from peoples in modern Yunnan Submission of tribute from peoples in modern Yunnan Koguryo sends embassy to Han Court Koguryo raids on commandery(s) Bestowal of Chinese court rank on King of Na Koguryo attacks Xuantu and Liaodong commanderies Koguryo attacks commandery and sends tribute to Han Court ad 142 ad 150 ad 147-189 ad 167 ad 178-83 ad 167-169 ad 184-196 ad 190-350 ad 196-219 ad 200-250 ad 204-220 ad 207 ad 219-249 ad 220 Daoist church founded by Zhang Dao Ling Flow of Han Dynasty mirrors to Japan resumes Revolt of the Yellow Turbans in Han China Jian'an era mirrors made and distributed to Japan End of Han Dynasty, succeeded by Three Kingdoms (Wei, Wu and Shu-Han) Koguryo attacks Daifang commandery established during this time by Gongsun warlord Koguryo moves capital to Wantu Weizhi reports Wa Disturbances Earliest deity-beast mirror in japan Liangshu reports Wa Disturbances Era of Makimuku ceramics and existence of Makimuku Terminal Yayoi period in Japan Adjusted dates for Sujin's reign (Table 3.1 continued) Table 3.1 Continued China South/West Korea japan ad 220 Koguryo attacks commandery; sends tribute to Han Court ad 221-265 Wei Dynasty in northern China Mainland ad 221-263 Wu Dynasty in southeastern China Mainland ad 221-263 Shu-Han Dynasty in southwestern China Mainland ad 231 Centralized control of Daoist church disintegrates ad 233-297 Compilation of Wei Zhi, chronicles of the Wei Dynasty ad 238-65 Wei operates Daifang commandery ad 238 Wei takes over Daifang ad 238 First embassy from Himiko to Daifang ad 240 Wei envoy visits Himiko Koguryo plunders Yalu estuary ad 243 Second embassy from Himiko to Daifang ad 244-45 ad 248 ad 248 ad 250 ad 250-710 ad 250-300 ad 258 ad 265 ad 265-316 ad 266 ad 266 ad 280 ad 300-668 ad 302 ad 311 ad 313 Wei attacks Koguryö Wei collapses Western Jin Dynasty on China Mainland Last mention of Wa in Chinese records Daifang commandery abandoned; end of Chinese dynastic power in East Asian periphery LI De founded Cheng-Han Daoist state in Sichuan Sacking of Chinese capital of Luoyang Three Kingdoms period in Korea Third embassy from Himiko to Daifang Himiko's postulated death date Beginning of Sujin line of kings and Miwa Court Kofun period in japan (Early 250-400, Middle 400-475, Late 475-710) EK- 7 phase of Early Kofun Sujin's postulated death date Embassy from lyo, Himiko's successor, to Western Jin Court Koguryö destroys Lelang commandery (Table 3.1 continued) Table 3.1 Continued China South/West Korea Japan ad 317^19 Eastern Jin Dynasty established on China Mainland ad 346 Traditional date of Ojin's enthronement ad 350 Makimuku abandoned ad 362 Chuai's postulated death date; end of Miwa Court ad 375 Beginning of Ojin line of kings and Kawachi Court ad 421 Resumption of mention of Wa in Chinese records ad 443 Invention of yuanjiali calendar ad 461 Nihon Shoki becomes chronologically valid ad 500 Beginning of Keitai line of kings and Asuka Court ad 552 Introduction of Buddhism from Paekche ad 581-618 Sui Dynasty ad 710 Capital moved from Fujiwara to Heijo ad 710-94 Nara period in japan ad 618-90 Tang Dynasty in China ad 665 Invention of ifengli calendar ad 794-1185 Heian period in japan For more dates for Korea, see Barnes 2001 (SFK Appendix 1 A). Events directly involving Japan are in italic