0
/^il^fc'fT A Trip t0 Okinawa
as aft Oct 35
N
S  D i a
o g  u e
©
IJ Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa.
2 A, :
3 o/sr— h
4 tt  ^ :
&5 | Li To
« J:
5 It  ^ :
7
8 (t  /t,:
9 n/<-- h
x3 S ^~~ r- $   (i i^*X/ ^ X t^   y      J "Ci"*
©
Hi At the post office.
1 u/<— h
2 #|Ht^l
3 rj/<— h
4
On Monday at school.
©
Robert: Nice weather. Ken: Yes. But it is a little hot. Robert: Wow, beautiful sea! Ken: Let's swim.
* * *
Ken: What kind of sports do you like, Robert? Robert: I like surfing. Shall we do it together tomorrow? Ken: But isn't it difficult? Robert: No.
®
Robert: Excuse me. How much is a postcard to Britain? Person at the post office: 70 yen.
Robert: Then, two 70-yen stamps, please. And one 50-yen stamp, please. T
s—y
Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard. Did you enjoy.the trip? Robert: Yes. The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa.
Takeshi: Good. I like the sea very much, too. Was the airline ticket expensive? Robert: No, it wasn't so expensive. How was your date, Takeshi? Takeshi: . . .
	fcA/	pp @
.   V o	cab	u   la   r. y *
Nouns		
*  1 &		sea
*  $ o X		postal stamps
* JoJ;		ticket
		surfing
L yp < tz^	%m	homework
		food
fc ^ LT J: ?V		birthday
		test
* -ex,*		weather
0>Ai CO		drink
*	*#	postcard
		bus
		airplane
		room
* IK		I (used by men)
		holiday; day off; absence
*  ■) J: 3 7		travel
U ■ a d i e c t i v	e s	
		new
* &ov>		hot (weather)
	■*	hot (objects)
	It L ^	busy (people/days)
		large
	® 6	interesting
	ft V ->	frightening
		cold (weather—not used for objects)
		fun
		small
		boring
		old (thing—not used for people)
		difficult
* Words that appear in the dialogue
■f3 $ L ^ easy (problem); kind (person)
■^"t^^ 4c ^ inexpensive; cheap (thing)
^-adjectives
^ h ^ ( &) ift^ disgusted with; to dislike
(-**)
* ^ tl^ ^ (ft) beautiful; clean tf/v^(ft)               ?tfl healthy; energetic L1*jKft)               fH* quiet
* 1*Mft) fond of; to like (~**) /:'^Hu(i) to hate
* v n-f $ (ft)                  $ very fond of; to love fC^?Kft) lively ^>fA(i') handsome
£/• i ( ft) BE not busy; to have a lot of free time
(/•verbs
* & X <* & <* to swim
J= < M < to ask    (person iz)
(0% ^£ to ride; to board (~f-)
* ^ 5 to do; to perform    (~ £)
R u - v e r b
•C*»tt<S JfcjWtS to go out
Adverbs    and    Other Expressions
* ^-jUI: —3ft- together
* £       b and then
* /c ^ U «t -9 ^» -KilX It's okay.; Not to worry.;
Everything is under control.
£ X t very
£*,Cft what kind of . . .
* ~| ^ ~i?C [counter for flat objects]
* ~ i "C to (a place); as far as (a place); till
(a time)
0
£ 5£ Grammar
<3?A/ «5
M Adjectives
There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called "^-adjectives," and the other type " ^.'-adjectives." ^^ and & are their last syllables when they modify nouns.
v ^-adjectives:
JatL^Al^®   an interesting movie
if *'
1*    "9 > & & L     ^B&ili £ JtL 5 L f;„     / saw an interesting movie yesterday.
jlfov^Tfeifc   c scary teacher
i-UT^:^.(i3^>v,>^:^."C""f*o     Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher.
<•* Lft-tix-e*' «/l*u>
^.'-adjectives: ^ tH^jfl   c beautiful picture
I -p LA
J^fp 'C^JhA^^A^tft') i L/co     / tooA a beautiful picture in Kyoto.
>*i £ L <■ L/v C
7t%fj:^t§L   an energetic teacher
ii»T^i(i7C^;i.>^:i'C'i~o     Professor Yamashita is an energetic teacher.
ft l A;tfA-th>     :U > *A*v
Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and negative), and so forth, just as verbs do. The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation patterns.
U-adjectives v -"-adjectives change shape as follows. You will want to be very careful here, because the pattern is rather complicated.
JS^U-SU affirmative negative
present £=& U3<£Dfre/u
// z's interesting.     It is not interesting.
past     fcfeu^frofc-grr fe^u^ap^-frA/eufc
// zt'fls interesting.   It was not interesting.
It is interesting (and confusing) that the idea of past tense is encoded differently in the affirmative and the negative polarities: (&t> L h) -o tz *Ci* is "past+affirmative," while (&t Lh) <Jb*)£&/v X'ltz is "negative+past.1"
Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly regularly. The only irregularity worth noticing at this stage is the behavior of the adjective vnv> (good). The first syllable of is changed to X in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form/
IU\ (irregular)
present past
affirmative
negative
&-adjectives The conjugation pattern of &-adjectives is much more straightforward. It actually is exactly the same as the conjugation table of "Ci" which follows a noun, as
3
discussed in Lesson 4.
7UXl(&)
present
past
affirmative
negative
She is healthy.       She is not healthy.
She was healthy.    She was not healthy.
The final syllable & is dropped in these long forms of ^.'-adjectives.
1Some speakers follow a more regular conjugation, where X"f is inert in both polarities. For these speakers, the chart looks like the following:
affimative negative present      ~ v * -Ci* ~ < 1 v * -Ci"
past ~**-3*>;-Ci"     ~ < i^ofc-Ci*
"There actually are alternate forms, X * and X v ^*i~, but they are much less frequently used than and ^^-ci".
3As with v^-adjectives, some speakers prefer an alternative paradigm, such as the following: affirmative negative present      ~ -Ci* ~ L* v & ^ *C 1"
past ~tL/: ~ L* * t£ ^tzX"f
In this lesson, we learn two &-adjectives that are very important from the grammatical
point of view. They are *J ^ (&) (to be fond of; to like), and (to be disgusted
t
with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a person-to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the particles (i and respectively.
,„ f Sf^ i    _,_ r  likes \
XliYtf     * ,   \-Cto X Y.
l£fc>UJ <• dislikes 1
n/<— h $ /U2 B&U<V7 7XiJ# * "C"f 0    ifo^er/ /to his Japanese classes.
r. llA. z- t
viiT^:^. l£       J b ^N"C"f o Professor Yamashita dislikes fish.
The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using these words in reference to your preference for a specific person, however, because *J ^ "Ci* is usually taken to be an admission of one's romantic interest.
Let us note three more things about if $ (&) and ^ b ^ ^ (&) before we go on. One, if you like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of tf$X*-f and £ b^-C-f, namely, A^-^Ti" and A J b^'Ci". These forms are more
common than the combinations of -if ^ ( &) and ^ b v * ( 4*) and the degree modifier
t
ZX$>, to which we will turn shortly.
Two, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say:
^^"C&^b^-Ci&Oi-tf-A/o       / neither like nor dislike (it).
Three, you can use    5s & and   b ^ & as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say
-t
things like:
4In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle (i is used instead of il. Thus,
&a5f3H{i*J-S-C1-a*, £>^*C~f„      / //Ae vegetables, but I don't like meat.
In the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle   Z H £*' can replace A*. Thus,
It L $ A, li   7* V - $ L<F>z iyX'-fo =^7']-H^J
-1- — +
Takeshi is in love with Mary.
This is my favorite TV program.
d Degree Expressions
If you want to say things like "very hot," and "a little hot," you can add "degree adverbs" like £ X t (very) and %> x. -o £ (a little; slightly) before adjectives.
J'MltfD^Ki ^"Ct^tLV,»"CL/c0       The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa. 3 J3 t> i. o £ =§• v % -C1~0 T/w's room    a Aof.
Instead of having £ "C t added to them, $?M&) and ^ bWft) have their own inten-sified forms, ^.^^ (4") (like very much) and      bv^(^) (hate).
Takeshi likes coffee a lot.
Ms. Kim hates natto (a Japanese fermented soybean delicacy).
Take a long form of a verb and replace the ending with ILiloriLi^' and you will get the Japanese expression for "let's . . .," which you can use to suggest a plan of action.
"ill       Z L 1 b-L -</C*.t")
Let's study in the library together.
^ -3 ; x ^ «
iSAc// z#e c?rm/t coffee at a coffee shop?
There are two important things you should know about counting items in Japanese. One, we use different number words for different kinds of items; the words used for counting people are different from the words used for counting books, for example. Two, number words often come after, rather than before, the items counted in a sentence.
'J — $ /v ti   10^ £ K v ^ L   o Lee tfwee sto/w.
item number
The number word, H#c, is made up of the numeral B. and the "counter" #L This counter is used for sheets of paper and other flat objects. There will be other counters in later lessons—for people, for books, for sticklike objects, and so forth.
Expression Notes
©
ttOlVC^H^Cfc) ►ttLVi is used when we describe people and is not used for places. When you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use
Takeshi is busy. Tokyo is busy/lively.
Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, since the subject "I" is omitted in the sentence.
/ aw busy on Sunday.
SS H Practice
A. Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives, (jjjjjp Example: -»■ /c^^-f-f
1. ^ 2. ^ou 3. $t;v* 4. ^tUv> 5. -oi^&v* 6. i>***L^  7. 8. t-f> &   9. 10. ^fiv^
11.
B. Change the following adjectives into the negatives. @ Example:   ^1"^ -^-f- <    0 H*-/^
1. Sfrv%      2. 3. Zfr^      4. |,f:bU^   5. t;-f>l^
6. *>^$^   7. vhn      8. ttX^fr   9. Lf>&    10. £*U^ 11. /\>tAi
C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences. Example:   C «9«$fHiit5^"Cl"o
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
0 d
Am
(9)
(10)
(11)
1 o < o
2 O 9 O 3o 8 O 4 o 9 O
(12)
(13)
TO
"5
Oy
X   6 X
3 X
i X
» X S X   jo *
D. Answer the following questions.
Example:   Q : H *%<T>9 7 X (ill I \.^X~tfr0
l. ^eüi^t#c
3. ^«tti^^v^-Ct^o
5. S^^^Ük^ LvN-Ct^c
t: HA       f; t»
2. Lv^i"^
{iL        f: i«
E. Pair Work—Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner.
Example: ^-ftv^
1. fct L^vn      2. vn^ 3. C-bv^
5. itj^ 6. 7. 7tH&
4. fc^L^
8. tAJct*
F. Pair Work—Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives, and tell your partner.
Example:   TX b (ill I < h 0 £ -fr/U ^ S I \^X~fo
t-fi-
I. 2. fa?)*m 3. fctf>£ 4* 0 tfOAIi 4. ^O^paJi         5. %L%1±            6. ^7 4li
A. Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives. © Example:   f:^^      -> tzfrfr^tzX"?
1. ^Tvn        2. &^v%   3. SfrVN     4. fcfcl^    5. oib&^ 6. v^j&*L^   7. vnx      8. 9. 10. ^ft^fc
II. W$
B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives. @ Example:  ^"f^      -* ^tUO^^'Lfc
1. 2.  f;OL^        3. ^$1^        4. -Otb^vn    5. fcfc^
6. 7. u-e^'L^   8. K^****   9. LT>&    10. ^*u^&
11. V£
C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa. Look at the memo and make sentences. @
Ex. Okinawa—hot
1. food—not expensive
2. food—delicious
3. hotel—not big
4. hotel—new
5. restaurant—not quiet
6. sea—beautiful
7. surfing—interesting
D. Pair Work—Use the chart below and practice a dialogue with your partner, substituting the underlined parts. A and B are talking about A's vacation.
Example:  A is Robert.
ft ti b 'Hi ^
B : £7 X*t*\ tU:h A : £ X $£frotzX*j-0
Ex. Robert	went to Okinawa	very hot
(1) Mary	saw a movie	scary
(2) Takeshi	stayed home (^^(-^S)	very boring
(3) Sue	went to a party	not fun
(4) Mr. Yamashita	went to flea market (7 'J — v —   -y h )	not cheap
(5) &		
(4) A
Ut
(5) A
u>c
(6) *T
(7)
B. Answer the questions using the given cues. @
v-t:
(1) X- (2) n/<-
Example:   Q '. ^ T r) A :^7'J
Ex. ^r'j-
(3) tzlil
kind
beautiful
interesting
energetic
A. Pair Work—Choose the items from the following categories and ask your partners whether they like them.
Example:   A : ^T'j — $ A>l,£fat)Hf $ Xt*\
B : &\\ #$X*i-/*i#$X*?0
+ ti> +
1. Foods: meat/^ ") (fermented beans)/ice cream (7M X7 'J — A)
2. Sports: aerobics OTn t*7X)/skiing     +    /skating (X^-h)
3. Music: hard rock ('s — Ka -y 9)/jazz (^X*)/classical music (7r>7/?)
4. School Work: test/Japanese class/homework
5. Drinks: sake/green tea/coffee
* If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can use    5 X £ -£X/„
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Z*A,ti:Xtf-ymf$X1rfr0
-r
3. z'/v^fk&m^n^xtt>\
4. ¥A,t£*kmm$x-t&0
5. Z'AsK^-m^^Xi-fro
0
A. Change the following into ^Udcd sentences.® Example:   B&U&U? 0U I £ I X 1 0
i: (IX. r      lit i: [IX r H'x
1. ^foJfS 2. fcjU-WK 3. BfcgjfcJL*
4. fi^SJC? 5. 6. #o
7. &<* 8. ^*£tft£ 9.
fi J: • LcU       £ »
B. Pair Work—Make follow-up suggestions using £l>£z>i?.
Example: ^^1"^
H'
it
1. 4hN-C"ttao
2. +jLH#-t-f ^a0
Citri l: t'
4. ^L^Ii/tÄ^MiHt'fio
■a-x.*i>    f^L'ji v
5. **>vx h 7 xä^ivN-e-tio
6. I.L/clif^H^lltfeo
®^dzi60S^ (Review Exercises)
A. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions.
1. Were you busy last week?
2. Were you fine last week?
3. Was your high school big/old?
4. Was your watch expensive?
5. Is your bag new?
6. Is your room small/clean?
7. Is your teacher kind?
S5 5S«
B. Class Activity—Show and tell
Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip.
C. Role Play—Using Dialogue I as a model, buy some stamps and postcards.
m
Inj
®5 Uh 2hK
At   the   Post Office
Useful Expressions
Useful Vocabulary
S D-counter
J-postcard
■.h c2-parcel
-airmail
——insurance ---registered mail
II IIA,
Caw jww        care o/" please? Give me three 50-yen stamps, please. Make this (an airmail), please. How many days will it take? It will be 150 yen. Another 100 yen, please.
-stamp aerogramme -letter
surface mail -special delivery
»P  It   « >
50
Bfll WWW
Stamps
!  {  : ji   J   j  J j
Postcard
Customer:
Shop clerk
Customer
Shop clerk
Customer
Shop clerk
Customer
Shop clerk
f   _      i tit'
Excuse me. I'd like a reprint, please. Certainly. Would the glossy finish be all right? Yes.
1 t A      "A, h :£A, - i HA'
Please fill in your name and telephone number here.
When will it be ready?
// ^7'// be ready at three o'clock on the 15th.
u-      t-     ha, t
Please bring this receipt.
up
All right. Thank you. Thank you very much.
Useful Vocabulary
—— *m--
Ziti<
^7 77--—
X7>( K--—
f±Jh** 0 ——--
24&$l 0--
-3*- -r
reprint -development -glossy finish
mat finish
-panoramic slide -print
date/time something is ready ~7 A )V U
-24-print roll -disposable camera
y »a.
negative film -battery receipt