Josef Eliáš 383147 §1 Hunter-gatherer §2 Tools and technology implements §3 Woomera/a spear thrower §4 Spears §5 Boomerangs §6 Tracking §7 Other skills § §Tribes along the coast and rivers expert fishermen, inlanders (bush, desert) hunting/fire hunting, skilled in seeking out water §Fire hunting - burning the undergrowth to encourage the growth of plants favoured by the game they hunted §Men hunt large animals (kangaroos, emus), flying animals (bats, birds) § women the smaller ones (snakes, goannas, insects,see next. page), § also collect food Black and white image showing side view of two men, squatting on the ground and holding sections of tree branches above a small tin. Photo of Ornate Burrowing Frog (Limnodynastes ornatus) Photo of an insect lavra (bibaj) Photo of Whirligig Beetle (Macrogyrus viridisulcatus) Photo of wood cockroach (Panesthia), called kalabaj by the Aborigines Photo of Bandicoots (Perameles) Photo of Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) Killing a goanna §Aboriginal people the first with stone technology § - also the first with ground edges on cutting tools and grinding seeds §Tools and implements – geographical locations – materials: coastal tribes use fishbone tips, desert tribes use stone §The most common weapons – spears, clubs and boomerangs §The tips tied on with animal sinews or glued on with resin §After the English colonization adopted metal, glass and ceramics http://img.carters.com.au/93177.jpg §an extension of the thrower's arm §A woomera and spear were the fastest weapons in the world before the invention of the self-loading rifle (Eric Willmot). §multipurpose tools - + stone cutting tool / axe-like attachment = hunt, chop firewood, cut down branches to make a shelter or chop up meat; making fire https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSdp7vET7DfThXHQjoRdFSflTEk2wxpTBmuUYzb6Dr1HGh a12ui http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/vertpaleo/aucilla9_1/SPEARCHU.JPG http://www.janesoceania.com/australia_postcards9/Australian%20ABORIGINAL%20Kangaroo%20Hunting.jpg http://www.ozoutback.com.au/Australia/hunting/slides/1983092506.jpg hunting a crocodile http://www.ozoutback.com.au/Australia/hunting/slides/1975112505.jpg …an emu http://www.ozoutback.com.au/Australia/hunting/slides/1983092510.jpg …an ibis and a dugong. Hunting dugong §Large animals - strong hardwood §Fishing spears from lighter materials, often barbed §Spears for hunting birds of light wood, also boomerangs §Fighting spears – hard wood, barbed §Spears and boomerangs used almost exclusively by men Photo of six aboriginal spears from North Queensland §Use – hunting and fighting, digging and as a music instrument §Non/returning boomerangs (non-returning larger, heavier, deadlier) §boomerang in action http://www.boomerangshack.com/images08/killing_boomerang_a.jpg http://www.boomerangshack.com/images08/boomerang_returning_kev.jpg §a knowledge passed down through generations, taught from early age §primarily men-hunters, but also women-hunters/gatherers §identifying the tracked – worth following? (if animal is dying, carrying a baby, skilled trackers can tell if a snake is poisonous §Aboriginal trackers – ‘exploration guides’, trackers of runaway convicts § http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0005/216554/illustration_10_w480.jpg GW Wilson 'Aboriginal tracker', an Aboriginal policeman of the late nineteenth century. National Library of Australia. Cover page of Making Fire by Stephen Blake and David M Welch starting fire with sticks and tinder Traditional people also use fire to bend or straighten timber, or to make it harder. Fire hunting § http://www.anhs.com.au/images/Dingo.jpg §http://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/aboriginals §http://www.ozoutback.com.au/Australia/hunting/index.html §http://www.aboriginalculture.com.au/toolsandweapons.shtml §http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-indigenous-tools-and-technology §