564 a—z list of irregular verbs a—z list of irregular verbs 565 a-z list of irregular verbs NOTES: 12 3 and4 are explained at the end of the list. The most common verbs are written in bold. The less common verbs are printed in ordinary letters (not bold). On the phonetic symbols, see consonants and vowels. Basic Form Past Tense Form Past Participle Form arise arose arisen [see rise] awake awoke1 awoke1 [see wake] be4 /bi:/ was, were /wdz/, been /bi:n/ /w3:7 bear /bea7 bore /bo:'/ borne /bo:rn/ beat /bi:t/ beat beaten /bi:tn/ become4 -/' k\m/ became -/'keim/ become begin -/'gin/ began -/'gasn/ begun -/'gAn/ bend /bend/ bent /bent/ bent bet /bet/ bet1 bet bid/bid/ bade, bid /beid/, bid(den) /bid(n)/ /heed/, /bid/ bind /bamd/ bound /baund/ bound bite /bait/ bit /bit/ bitten /bitn/ bleed /bli:d/ bled /bled/ bled blow /blau/ blew /blu:/ blown /blaun/ break /breik/ broke /brauk/ broken /'braukan/ breed /bri:d/ bred /bred/ bred bring4 /brig/ brought /bra:t/ brought broadcast broadcast broadcast [see cast] build /bild/ built /bilt/ built burn /b3:rn/ burnt2 /b3:rnt/ burnt2 burst /b3:rst/ burst burst buy /bai/ bought /bo:t/ bought cast /ka:st|kse:st/ cast cast catch /kaetJV caught /ko:t/ caught choose /t/u:z/ chose /t/auz/ chosen /tfauzan/ cling /klirj/ clung /kUn/ clung come4 /kAm/ came /keim/ come cost /kDSt/ cost cost creep /kri:p/ crept /krept/ crept cut /kAt/ cut cut Basic Form Past Tense Form Past Participle Form deal /di:l/ dealt /delt/ dealt dig /dig/ dug /dAg/ dug do4 /du:/ did /did/ done /dAn/ draw /dra:/ drew /dru:/ drawn /dra:n/ dream /dri:m/ dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt2 /dremt/2 drink /dnrjk/ drank /drasrjk/ drunk /drArjk/ drive /draiv/ drove /drauv/ driven /'dnvan/ dwell /dwel/ dwelt2 /dwelt/ dwelt2 eat /i:t/ ate /et || eit/ eaten /i:tn/ fall /fa:l/ fell /fel/ fallen /'fo:lan/ feed /fi:d/ fed /fed/ fed feel4 /fi:l/ felt /felt/ felt fight /fait/ fought /fa:t/ fought find /famd/ found /faund/ found flee /fli.7 fled /fled/ fled fling /flirj/ flung /flAn/ flung fly /flai/ flew /flu:/ flown /flaun/ forbid forbad(e) forbidden [see bid] forecast forecast forecast [see cast] /'fD:rka:st||-k££st/ foresee foresaw foreseen [see see] foretell foretold foretold [see tell] forget -/get/ forgot -/got/ forgotten -/goto/ forgive forgave forgiven [see give] freeze /fri:z/ froze /frauz/ frozen /'frauzan/ get4 /get/ got /got/ got , gotten give /giv/ gave / geiv/ given /'givan/ go4/gau/ went /went/ gone, been /gr>n/, /bi:n/ grind /gramd/ ground /graund/ ground grow /grau/ grew /gru:/ grown /graun/ hang /hasrj/ hung1 /hAn/ hung1 have /hasv/ had /heed/ had hear4 /hia7 heard /h3:rd/ heard hide /haid/ hid /hid/ hidden /'hidn/ hit /hit/ hit hit hold /hauld/ held /held/ held hurt /h3:rt/ hurt hurt 566 a-z list of irregular verbs a—z list of irregular verbs 567 Basic Form Past Tense Form Past Participle Form keep /ki:p/ kept /kept/ kept kneel /ni:l/ knelt2 /nelt/ knelt2 knit /nit/ knit1 knit1 know /nau/ knew /nju:/ known /naun/ lay /lei/ laid3 /leid/ laid3 lead /li:d/ led /led/ led lean /li:n/ leant2 /lent/ leant2 leap /li:p/ leapt2 /lept/ leapt2 learn /b:rn/ learnt2 /l3:rnt/ learnt2 leave /li:v/ left /left/ left lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent leť /let/ let let lie /lai/ lay /lei/ lain /lem/* light /lait/ lit1 /lit/ lit1 lose /lu:z/ lOSt /lDSt/ lost make4 /meik/ made /meid/ made mean /mi:n/ meant /ment/ meant meet /mi:t/ met /met/ met mislead /mis'li:d/ misled /mis'led/ misled [see lead] mistake mistook mistaken [see take] misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood [see understand, stand] mow /mau/ mowed /maud/ mown1 /maun/ overcome overcame overcome [see came] overdo overdid overdone [see do] override overrode overridden [see ride] overrun overran overrun [see run] oversee oversaw overseen [see see] overtake overtook overtaken [see take] overthrow overthrew overthrown [see throw] partake partook partaken [see take] pay /pei/ paid3 /peid/ paid3 prove /pru:v/ proved /pru:vd/ proven1 /'pru:van/ put /put/ put put quit /kwit/ quit1 quit1 read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/ rid /nd/ rid1 rid1 lie meaning not telling the truth is regular Basic Form Past Tense Form Past Participle Form ride /raid/ rode /raud/ ridden Aidn/ ring /nrj/ rang /rserj/ rung /rArj/ rise /raiz/ rose /rauz/ risen /'nzan/ run /taxi/ ran /rajn/ run saw /so:/ sawed /so:d/ sawn1 /so:n/ say /sei/ said /sed/ said see /si:/ saw /so:/ seen /si:n/ seek /si:k/ sought /so:t/ sought sell /sel/ sold /sauld/ sold send /send/ sent /sent/ sent set /set/ set set sew /sau/ sewed /saud/ sewn1 /saun/ shake //eik/ shook //uk/ shaken /'/eikan/ shed /Jed/ shed shed shine //am/ shone1 //Dn||/aun/ shone1 shoe //u:/ shod1 //nd/ shod1 shoot //u:t/ shot //ot/ shot show //au/ showed //aud/ shown1 //aun/ shrink //rink/ shrank //ragrjk/ shrunk //rArjk/ shut //At/ shut shut sing /sin/ sang /seen/ sung /sArj/ sink /sink/ sank /saerjk/ sunk /sArjk/ sit /sit/ sat sat sleep /sli:p/ slept /slept/ slept slide /slaid/ slid /slid/ slid sling /shn/ slung /sL\n/ slung slink /slink/ slunk /sUnk/ slunk slit /slit/ slit slit smell /smel/ smelt2 /smelt/ smelt2 sow /sau/ sowed /saud/ sown1 /saun/ speak /spi:k/ spoke /spauk/ spoken /'spaukan/ speed /spi:d/ sped1/sped/ sped1 spell /spel/ spelt2 /spelt/ spelt2 spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent spill /spil/ spilt2 /spilt/ spilt2 spin /spin/ span, spun /spaan/, spun /spAn/ spit /spit/ spat, spit /spset/, spat, spit /spit/ split /split/ split split 568 a-z list of irregular verbs Basic Form Past Tense Form Past Participle Form spoil /spoil/ spoilt2 /spoilt/ spoilt2 spread /spred/ spread spread spring /spnrj/ sprang /sprasrj/ sprung /sprArj/ stand /stsend/ stood stood steal /sti:l/ stole /staul/ stolen Ataulan/ stick /stik/ stuck /stAk/ stuck sting /stirj/ stung /stAn/ stung stink /stirjk/ stank /stasrjk/ stunk /stAqk/ stride /straid/ strode /straud/ stridden /'stridn/, strode strike /straik/ struck /strAk/ struck string /stnrj/ strung /strArj/ strung strive /straiv/ strove1 /strauv/ striven1 /'stnvan/ swear /swear/ swore /swo:r/ sworn /swo:rn/ sweep /swi:p/ swept /swept/ swept swell /swel/ swelled /sweld/ swollen1 /'swaulan/ swim /swim/ swam /sweem/ swum /swAih/ swing /swirj/ swung /swAn/ swung take4 /teik/ took /tuk/ taken /'teikan/ teach /ti:tJ7 taught /to:t/ taught tear /tea7 tore /ta:V torn /to:rn/ tell /tel/ told /tauld/ told think /9irjk/ thought /9o:t/ thought throw /6rau/ threw /6ru:/ thrown /6raun/ thrust /BrASt/ thrust thrust tread /tred/ trod /trod/ trod undergo underwent undergone [see go] understand understood understood [see stand] undertake undertook undertaken [see take] undo undid undone [see do] uphold upheld upheld [see hold] upset upset upset [see set] wake /weik/ woke1 /wauk/ woken1 /'waukan/ wear /wear/ wore /wd:V worn /wa:rn/ weave /wi:v/ wove /wauv/ woven /'wauvan/ wed /wed/ wed1 wed1 weep /wi:p/ wept /wept/ wept win /win/ won /wAn/ won wind /wamd/ wound /waund/ wound a-z list of irregular verbs 569 Basic Form Past Tense Form Past Participle Form withdraw withdrew withdrawn [see withhold draw] withheld withheld [see hold] withstand withstood withstood [see stand] wring /nrj/ wrung /rArj/ wrung write /rait/ wrote /raut/ written /'ntn/ Key: 1 means that regular forms are also used. 2 means that both regular forms and irregular forms exist. The regular spellings are particularly common in U.S., e.g. leaped. 3 lay and pay are regular verbs in pronunciation, but the spellings laid and paid are irregular. (Compare stayed.) 4 these verbs have special entries in the book. Look them up for further information.