3o; s§2^ L E s ftfU IC fr ^NlVfc(7) Shopping s N JHvfc D a o g u e Mary goes to a flea market. I y r - : Mearii Mise no liito 3 jf f 4 -: Mearii Mise no hito 5 5 r 'J - : Mearii Mise no hito *> #> t >■ 7 y r 'j -: Mearii Sumimasen. Korc \va ikura dcsu ka. Iii Sore wa sanzen en desu. Takai desu ne. laa, ano tokee wa ikura desu ka. fc*Wi i &r y f < M> Are wa sanzengohyaku en desu. Sou desu ka. Are mo takai dcsu nc. Kore wa senhappyaku en desu yo. )aa, sono tokee o kudasai. A man finds a wallet on the ground. Shiranai hito /> A 'I M 9 y r 'J - : Mearii Kore wa dare no saifu desu ka. VVatashi no saifu desu. Arigatoo gozaitnasu. After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant. Ueetoresii Irasshaimase. Menyuu o doozo. zrn* Mearii Doomo. Koře \va nan desu ka. Ueetaresu Dore desu ka. Aa. tonkatsu desu. Mearii Tonkatsu? 5akana desu ka. Ueetoresu lie, sakana ja arimasen. Niku desu. Oishii desu yo. Mearii )aa, koře o onegaishimasu. * * * Mearii Sumimasen, otearai \va doko desu ka. 8 r>i_ p tk : {Ml Ueetoresu Asoko desu. © Mary: Excuse mc. How much is this? Vendor: It is 3,000 yen. Mary: It's expensive. Well then, how much is that watch? Vendor: That is 3.500 yen. Mary: I see. That is expensive, too. Vendor: This is 1.800 yen. Man" Then, I'll take that watch. * * * Stranger: Whose wallet is this? Mary: It's my wallet. Thank you very much. Waitress: Welcome. Here's the menu. Mary: Thank you. What is this? Waitress: Which one? Oh. it is tonkatsu (pork cutlet). Mary: Tonkatsu-. Is it fish? Waitress: Xo, it is not fish. It is meat. It is delicious. Mary: Then, I'll have this. * * * Mary: Excuse me. Where is the restroom? Waitress: It is over there. a b u I Words That * -I ii * %ti * fotí * Čti Z íO * # CO ■'■ foCD * fox — * čz * titi Food * i: < I / JZ. — *> i- * i -v5 S H Things < o * v - > $ v «> * f ftjt f-7 * čí-K* h Ir—ť-— Point kare sore are dore kono sono ano dono asoko doko dare oishii sakana tonkatsu niku menyuu yasai enpitsu kasa kaban kutsu saiťu jiinzu jisho jitensha shinbun teepu tokee toreenaa this one that one that one (over there) which one this . . . that . . . that . . . (over there) which . . . over there where who delicious fisli pork cutlet meat menu vegetable pencil umbrella bag shoes wallet jeans dictionary bicycle newspaper i ape watch: clock sweat shirt * Words that appear in the dialogue /-r- f> H 1 Ifi L ISA Places lh» ft t A Countries \ f' I ? Majors Z2 > tf 3 - 7 - t' MI £ n I I ' Family nooto pen booshi hon otearai kissaten ginkoo toshokan vuubinkvoku notebook Money Mat * 1 ( h> Expression * M b •$ L É -tr * ins H * L' ATJ & Amerika Igirisu Kankoku Chuugoku keezai konpyuutaa bijinesu rekishi okaasan otoosan t e r s ikura ... en takai hat: cap book i est room cafe b;mk library post office \^ Britain Korea China economics computer business history mother father how much . . . yen expensive irasshaimase Welcome (to our store) (... o) onegaishimasu. . . . please. { . . . o) kurlasai Please give trie . . . jaa then . . . : if that is the case. . . . ( . . . o) rloozo Here it is. doomo Thank you. tZ\fo[$z> Grammar CT zn %n mtt ftti What do wc do when we want to talk about things thai we do not know the names of? We sa\ "Ihis thins," "that one," and so forth. In Japanese, we use kore. sore, and are. -tUi y*{ hX^-ffro How muck is this? Kore wa ikura desu ka. t tut $ Mf & % &Tt* Tm is 3, ouo jm Sore wa sanzen en desu. Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this thins here"). Sore is something that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and arc refers to a thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one over there"). Arc wa watashi no pen desu. Kore wa watashi no pen desu. Sore watashi no pen desu. There is also an expression dore for "which." Here wc will learn to use dore in sentences like: Dore desu ka. Which one is it (that you are talking about)? In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word (lore can be put 10 use, because there is a slight complication with question words like dore. Question words like (lore and nani cannot be followed by the particle wa, Instead, you must use the particle ga and say: €fl¥ h&tz?) <>f#i Which one is your pti& Dore ga anata no pen desu ka. d ZMZOmO/tiCD + noun If you want to be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and are, you can use kono. sono, and ano together with a noun. (Note here that the re series must always stand alone, while the no scries must always be followed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in your hand is a watch (tokee). instead of: ZfrLii v»< hX*~ffr-_ How much is this? Kore vva ikura desu ka. you can say: I (T> >L it \*{ l>X"t£>*- How much is this watch? Kono tokee vva ikura desu ka. Similar!). if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to, you can say: *OEttmi | &Tt* That watch is 3,000 yen. Sono tokee vva san^eri en desu. And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say: hn £IfV^a i feAutf* That watch over there is 3,500 yen. Ano tokee wa sanzengohvaku en desu. If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but do not know which, \ ou can say: £m Z IjVW ?/vtf/v:"L^ < ft&$*t&* W hwh watch is 3,500 yen? Dono tokee ga sanzengohyaku en desu ka. Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above, we cannot use the particle wa with it: we must use ga. To summarize: zti (is-) H(D noun close to the person speaking (is—) noun (IS—) close to the person listening CUM £>CQ noun far from both people £"CD noun unknown €*1 ^fttf) noun In Lesson I. we learned how to say things like Mearti san no demva bangoo (Mary's phone number) and Takeshi san no okaasan (Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to ask who something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose," we simply add the particle no. town fr\$Lx-th\ £Hti i^^Mi *'!i7v-et0 Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka. Sore wa 5uu san no kaban Hesu. Whose bag is this? That is Sue's bag. Wfi will learn just one more ko-so-o-do set in this lesson: &fi&&t soko, asoko, and <&Hfea are words for places. here, near me there, near you over there £3 a here You can ask for directions by saying: ■fA 1 r1> 5 fifft $ i < fi If - *Ci"s6\ Kxcuxe me, where is the post office? Sumimasen, yuubinkyoku wa doko desu ka. If you are close by, you can point to word the post office and say: (*P l XfL b X < li) feT:tt„ (7** jmd office is) right over there. {Yuubinkyoku wa) asoko desu. We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson -1. Wt% noun =& In Lesson 1. we learned how to say "Item A is this, item B is that." We now learn how to say "Item A is this, and item B is this, too." tzIt I 9 ^ 11 [Zllk, CJt.Y^« Takeshi is a Japanese person. Takeshi san wa nihonjin desu. AtC ^ /v I-HA, LT/v"t*^0 Michiko is Japanese, lop. Michiko san mo nihon]tn desu. Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape. This is natural, as they both claim that a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the first in that we do not find the particle wa in it. We have mo instead. Mo is a particle thai indicates that that item, too, has the given property. One thing that you should watch out for is exactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed after the sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Xot so in Japanese. In the above example, mo must directly follow Michiko san. A |i X 'W?m A is X. B & X Wtfm B too is X. two items shared property M noun Lv-£&!D^"t*A/ To negate a statement of the form A' iva Y desu. where Y is a noun, you replace desu with ja arimasen? f 3 tz 9 A 11 ^U^L>fc1i*^ Mr. Yamadu is not a student. Yamada san wa gakusee ja arimasen. 1\Ye cannot use ma lo describe a situation like i he following: Our friend, Pat, has dual citizenship; Pal is a Japanese, but at the same time, she is an American. To describe the second half of this situation, we cannot say. Patio mo twierikajin desu. because the sentence would mean that Pat. in addition to somebody that has been mentioned, is an American. Neither can we say. Patio tea amerikajiii mo desu. (Japanese speakers would say. Patio tea amerikajiii demo arimasu.) aln the dialogues, there are two sentences that end with desu. which call for special attention: Are mo takai desu He (That one loo is expensive), and Oisiiii desu yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by replacing desu with ja arimasen, because takai and otshii are not nouns. Are mo iakai ja arimasen and oisiiii ja arimasen are therefore not frrammatical. Instead, one would have to say takaku arimasen and oistiiku arimasen. We will learn about the conjugation pattern of adjectives in Lesson 5. ► zs a£' XJ£M J a in jfa arimasen is a contraction of dewa. In written Japanese, the uncontracted form is more common; thus, the above sentence more likely appears in writing as Yatnada sou wo gakusee dewa orhnasen. affirmative: (X[i) vr-to X is Y. negative: (xi±j y u*>d5Da-t*A,«, X is not Y. Statements often end with the tags ne or _v«. depending on the way the speaker views the interaction with the listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement to what has been said, then ne ("right?") could be added. r| — $j£dfll ^Utri&H < *C"f fc<> Ms. Lee. your major is literature, right? Kii san no senmon wa bungdku desu ne. Zfrli c < U f (MI -^"/v^o life ft iwi ww* I 8? Kore wa niku ja arimasen rte. Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree. anil Hhfrlf Tonkatsu wa sakana ja arimasen yo. Let »ie assure you. "Tonkatsu" is not fish. Sumisu san wa igirisujin desu yo. (In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is British. Expression Notes (~'S)^^- ( . . . o) daozo is used when an offer is made with respect to item X. In the dialogue, the restaurant attendant uses it when she is about to hand the menu to the customer. It may also be used when a person is waiting for you to come forth with item X: a telephone operator, asking for your name, would probably say Oiumuic o daozo. (O is a politeness marker. Therefore onatnae is "your honorable name.") On the pronunciation of number words X'ote that the words for 300. 600, SOI). 3,000 and S.000 involve sound changes. "Counters" whose first sound is //. like hyakii (hundred), generally change shape after 3. 6, and 8. Some counters that begin with », like sen (thousand), change shape after 3 and 8. Refer to the table at the end of the volume. Big numbers ► In add ii ion lo ihr digit markers for tens (juu). hundreds (Ityakit). and thousands {sen), which are found in Western languages as well. Japanese uses the marker for tens of thousands {man). Thus 20.000, for example, is nhnan (=2x10.000). rather than nijuusen (=20X1,000). While the next unit marker in Western languages is one million, Japanese describes that number as 100x10.000, that is. hxaknmnn. More complicated numbers can be considered the sums of smaller numbers, as in the following examples. 23 l..")(J7 = 23 - 10.00(1 i:L';liHU (nijuusanman) 4X 1.000 5x 100 6x 10 7 kk^čÁ, Ivonsen) Z'Z>*p < (gohyaku) ^ < I- :Jj "5 (rokujuu) (nana) tl/uUi^o Practice 1 It^U (Numbers) 100 EM> < 1 ,000 10,000 Ityaku sen ichiman 200 l-Vr < 2,000 20,000 r-i & nihyaku nisen nirnan 300 3,000 30,000 S&£ /v sanbyaku sanzen sanman 400 1 /v $ * < 4,000 40,000 /v 2 /v yonhyaku yonsen yonman 500 < 5,000 50,000 gphyiku gosen go man 600 h *? l/*> < 6,000 5 < «A 60,000 §< tL roppyaku rokusen rokuman 700 < 7,000 70,000 Ol & 1 X nanahyaku nanasen nanaman 800 8,000 80,000 happyakti hassen hai hi man 900 9,000 1 * «I -M 90,000 1 * ♦ £ L kyuuhyaku kyuusen kyuuman A. Read the following numbers. 0 (a) 34 'hi 67 (c) 83 (d) 99 (e) 125 (f) 515 W 603 (h) 850 (I) 1,300 (j) 3,400 ik) 8,900 (li 35,000 (m) 64,500 (n) 92,340 B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are. (gj Example: Q : O li ^( b Pen \va ikura dcsu ka. A : L* % it&Tt* Hachijuu en desu. Ex. O (1) Z-h,LT > (2) (3) ¥80 ¥50 ¥1,000 ¥110 (4) (2 A (5) T — 7 (6) < ^ (7) £tf^ ¥1,500 ¥600 ¥3,500 ¥10,000 (8) *H*A (12) y-h (9) l'u (13) ¥2.SCO (10) v~>X (11) L"C/vLf ¥20,000 ¥8,000 ¥9,000 ¥25,000 Pair Work—One of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B (p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items. Example: A : tAW^lt *M feTf^ft Cnpitsu wa ikura desu ka. B : tht < Hyaku en desu. Picture A A. Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through (12) are near your friend. Your friend asks what these things are. Answer the questions. Pay attention to Ztl {kore) and -Ertt {sore). Example 1: Your friend : £ ti li & /v V Sore wa nan desu ka. You : ztui <:>Tf* Kore wa pen desu. Example 2: Your friend .Z ti& &&,f^r#*i Kore wa nan desu ka. You : £;fx(i r U—f--C-fa Sore wa loreenaa desu. see is« B. Look at the picture and tell what each building is. Example: Q : hnli. flfc&itHt,#« Arc wa nan desu ka. k't hiUl £ I £ iNlr'TiK Are wa toshokan desu. C. Pair Work—Point out five things in 1 they are using Zti (/core), 0fl {sore), for the vocabulary. Example 1: A : hiili Are wa nan desu ka. B : *>ftl3 E it^^-f0 Are wa lokee desu. i classroom and ask your partner what fatl {are). Refer to the picture on p. 53 Example 2: A : f&tt Sore wa nan desu ka. B : Cftli -<>X-r Kore wa pen desu. D. Pair Work—One of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 51). Ask and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use ZO {kono), ■€■<£> (sono), or SO {ano) appropriately. Example: Customer: zr>liA,l£ hX"t^\ Kono hon wa ikura desu ka. Store attendant : lutAsV* < x.A,X'1~t Nisen hyaku en desu. Card A ¥2,100 ¥12,600 ¥2,100 (1) ¥7,350 Part I. You are a store attendant. Tell Part II. You are a customer. Ask for the the customer how much each iiem is. prices of items (1H5). Pair Work—Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it is. Your partner will refer to the picture B (p. 52) and tell you who it belongs to. Example: A : Ziltt Ťzi\ fr%XŤýŕi Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka. B : íf #&49 Mearii san no kasa desu. Picture A (1) CD (3) Switch roles with your partner. (6) (7) (8) (4) (9) (5) Look at the pictures below and describe each picture, Example: Otoosan wa nihonjin desu. Okaasan mo nihonjin de;u. Ex. Japanese Father Mother (4) £ It \-11 (13) vegetable (6) U. of London students A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer the questions, (^l Example: Q I / f')-H(i I: (3/v L* L tWI% Mearii san wa nihonjin desu ka. lie, nihonjin ja arimasen. Amerikajin desu. 1. felrL*&tt &*t~< Takeshi san wa chuugokujin desu ka. 2. fMAM t* 'J # L/uX"tt>~. Robaato san wa amerikajin desu ka. Yamashita sensce wa kankokujin desu ka. X tr ^l, mm Robaato san no senmon wa nihongo desu ka. Suu san no suirnon wa keezai dciu ka. 6. £iti*A,(i t:^'^^^^ i*fHi*H^fi% Takeshi san wa Toozai daigaku no gakusee desu ka. 7. /T'J-^/lia a > V >fz^^ < CO t*{#VV$f1'; Ee, Rii san no saifu desu. Ex. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 0 vi ^£ (Review Exercises) A. Role Play—One student is a store attendant. The other is a customer. Use Dialogue I as a model. mm* B. Role Piay—One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using Dialogue I as a model. ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥3,700 ¥4,500 ¥9,000 ¥ ¥7,000 Example: Customer: Z'-^AhKr < x.A,X~t0 Nisen hvaku en desu. Card B ¥2,100 Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the Part II. You are a store attendant. Tell price of items (1H5). the customer how much each item is. Pair Work [m) —= Example: A ! CJ&jQj ftg&tfqj M^"f#i Korc wa dare no kasa desu ka. B : 'i f*#^H« Mearii san no kasa desu. Picture B X- /hit L /T')- n/\'-h U:Wv*^ Suu Takeshi Mearii Robaato Yamashita sensee In the Classroom Z < If A. kokuban «• h t it kaaten t-r l arX keshigomu ksban Useful Expressions Wakarimashita. W.ikdiimasen. Yukkuri itte kudasai. Moo ichido itte kudasai- Chotto matte kudasai. I understand./I understood. I don't understand./I don't know. ■ Please speak slowly. Please say it again. Please wait.