0 fm^wa | l e s T /^IeI^^T A Trip to Okinawa £5 £m Oc N =; Xx p IS Dialogue y Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa, i n I <— b 3 U>><— h Hi * Hi * * 5 £t ^ : i t-r*- At the post office. i | On Monday at school. 7 tzilL : ...... Robert: Nice weather. Ken: Yes. But it is a little hot. Robert: Wow, beautiful sea! Ken: l.er's swim. • • * Ken: What kind of sports do you like. Robert? Robert: I like surfing. Shall we do it together tomorrow? Ken: But isn't it difficult-Robert: No. Robert: Excuse me. How much is a postcard to Britain? Person at the post office: 70 yen. Robert: Then, two 70-yen sunups, please. And one 50-yen stamp, please. Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard. Did you enjoy the trip? Robert: Yes. The sea was ver\ beautiful in Okinawa. Takeshi: Good. I like the sea very much, too. Was the airline ticket expensive? Robert: No, it wasn't so expensive. How was your date, Takeshi? Takeshi: . , . 0 f ■■■■ cab u 1 a r y Nouns * 1 & g sen * ^ o X postal stamps * Hi? ticket * —7 i > surfing L * < mm homework food birthday test weather drink f * postcard bus airplane room * MM! ft I (used by men) lioiiday: day off; absence travel U - a d j e c t i v e s #t Li* new in hot (weather) hot (objects) •ttLv* busy (people/days) large i i &-i interesting frightening cold (weather—not used fnr objects) * ft tfO L M fun small boring old (thing—not used for people) difficult * Words rhot appeor in fhe dialogue easy (problem); kind (person) inexpensive; cheap (thing) ^-adject! v e s disgusted with; to dislike (-**) beautiful; clean if/I Mi) healthy; energetic quiet * mm if i fond of; to like (~#f) to hate very fond of; to love lively handsome || not busy; to have a lot of free time (/-verbs to swim i < to ask (person I-) to ride; to board to do: to perform (— 4 ) f? | - v e r b to go out Adverbs a nd Oth er Expressions * ^oLiU together and then It's okay.; Not to worry.; Everything is under control. very m% what kind of . . . [counter for flat objects] to (a place); as far as (a place); till (a time) £ S Grammar 4 Adjectives There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called "^-adjectives." and the other type -adjectives." i > and 4" are their last syllables when they modify nouns. I ■'-adjectives: £> & L h ^MfcJfl interesting movie *K JitL^VNB^SS^iLfco / &«t' «« interesting movie yesterday. •I <■N 7t ± a scary teacher il>T7fc£(iI;b^7fe:£~C'f*o Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher. &-adjectives: jjtafcVA^yjS. beautiful picture JSC*p-C,$*U>&*^:.&£»0 5 L /:» 7 /ooA- beautiful picture in Kyoto. 7fcfi.&7fc.£ tfw energetic teacher uLT^:±li7tfL^'^:i"C"i~e Professor Yamashita is an energetic teacher. Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and negative), and so forth, just as verbs do. The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation patterns. U-adjectives \ ^-adjectives change shape as follows. You will want to be very careful here, because the pattern is rather complicated. affirmative negative present It is interesting. It is not interesting. past It was interesting. // was not interesting. H5 3M It is interesting (and confusing) that the idea of past tense is encoded differently in the affirmative and the negative polarities: IfejUl^'of: is "past-raffirmative," while (tJfcLSXili^ is "negatives past.1" Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly regularly. The only irregularity worth noticing at this stage is the behavior of the adjective (good). The first syllable of i^v* is changed to X in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form.1 titti (irregular) affirmative negative present past ^-adjectives The conjugation pattern of adjectives is much more straightforward. It actually is exactly the same as the conjugation table of *t"f which follows a noun, as discussed in Lesson 4. ah i present affirmative negative ttK a-- She is healthy. Suite it not healthy. past Oft, * s------ She was healthy. She was not healthy. The final syllable £ is dropped in these long forms of &-adjectives. 'Some speakers follow a more regular conjugation, where TT is inert in both polarities. For these .speakers, ihe char I looks like xhc following: affimative negative present t&tf'jff- ~ < & \-> past ~iri>?zf-f *r < tz'C't 2Thcre actually are alternate forms. X S1 and X t *~?-t, but they are much less frequently used than and tniT'-f. 3As with n-adjectives, sonic speakers prefer an alternative paradigm, such as the following: affirmative negative present ^^tt ~V rb^. '"C"+ past -~-"C L It wL>i'i-)*C"f In this lesson, we learn two ft-adjectives that are very important from the grammatical point of view. Thev are If (to be fond of: to like), and * & Wft) (to be disgusted with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a person to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the particles li and respectively. ( itf-s I f lines \ 1££>LV [ dislikes' n'<—Y^ma «7 7X^^ f-f „ Äoterf /;A-es Japanese classes. iL T 5t£ li ft ** § b ^A t'-fo Professor Yamashita dislikes fish. The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using these words in reference to vour preference for a specific person, however, because *?• ^ Tt is usuallv taken to be an admission of one's romantic interest. Let us note three more things about *r ^ (ft) and % b Wft) before we go on. One, if you like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of and ^ b^tt, namely, and b^"t*i~. These forms are more •t *• common than the combinations of 4$ M ft) and 5 b ( ft ) and the degree modifier t £ 1 &, to which we will turn shortly. Two, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say: *> *) I Mttw ill war rfistffe tfW. -r Three, you can use *J ^ ft and > b s ft as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say w things like: "In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle li is used instead of A1'. Thus. 7A(i5f 5 !Jt ? »> ^-C--r- / like vegetables, but I don't like meat. 5In the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle «0 Z Z A' can replace ¥. Thus, Takeshi is in love with Mary, 0 Ztilifc(Dif ^Jcf U h'-Cf o 7V«'s « my favorite TV program. Degree Expressions If you want to say things like "very hot,1' and "a little hot," you can add "degree adverbs" like (very) and % x ** % (a little; slightly) before adjectives. Jt&^&tf i:ttH^TLfc, $$i sea was very beautiful in Okinawa. :«Mli*>J:^i:'l^t't» *>ow & a feci Instead of having KXt added to them, *f and H^(i') have their own inten- sified forms, * (&) (like very much) and AH^(^) (hate). tz It L $ 4» (i 3 - t - *»* S -C"To Takeshi tikes coffee a lot. Ms. Kim hates natto (a Japanese fermented soybean delicacy). Take a long form of a verb and replace the ending with ILiiorHiT*' and you will get the Japanese expression for "let's . . .," which you can use to suggest a plan of action. -!Nli:|5lt«ft"feSiLi Lxio Le/'s statfy /« the library together. 3L&£-C:3-h-£ft.&* Lit*'. SMtf toe drink coffee at a coffee shop? W>% Counting There are two important things you should know about counting items in Japanese. One, we use different number words for different kinds of items; the words used for counting people are different from the words used for counting books, for example. Two, number words often come after, rather than before, the items counted in a sentence. ti W^'i Ulb Lee bought three stamps. item number The number word, =$l, is made up of the numeral H and the "counter" |it. This counter is used for sheets of paper and other flat objects. There will be other counters in later lessons—for people, for books, for sticklike objects, and so forth. - my—s Expression Notes ,rtlyL.Vfi_€i:'V)2P(&) ► CL-i* is used when we describe people and is not used for places. When you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use Takeshi is busy. Tokyo is busy / lively. Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, since the subject "I" is omitted in the sentence. i:fc 1 -5 V ..f.'/ i:t> 1 ■■> 'J i,. I am busy on Sunday. IIS B Practice A. Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives. @ Example: hi tzfr^^X'-f ^ ffis 2. 3. $£ft* 4. i^tU^ 5. oj=b^N 6. ta£tff|,{h 7. 8. Lf^1!- 9. &£MMN* 10. ii. B. Change the following adjectives into the negatives. £H Example: #*f*^ — ^t<&0 2^ 1. SftV* 2. J. 0:f» 3. Z^>v> 4. &£*>l^ 5. L"t>Lv* 6. ieV*-t'P 7. 8. | 11***4* 10. 11. ^>-^A^- C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences. Example: Z e>*$ftl*&\^1r0 1 ' / , (6) (7) D □ (12) DUE 0* (10) (13) j T J< S x ♦ x s y jo X j (11) ' o I o 2 o no 3 o 8 0 * o 3 o 50 m b J D. Answer the following questions. Example: Q : H^«;7Xli»U^t*'0 1. ti^jc -c-r**c 2. Jfeili^J L^"C"t*N 3. Mfc(i*$^Tt*'o 4. $P£ti**u^-f*\, t: 114 ft t» E. Pair Work—Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner. Example: £*U*£ 1. fitU^ 2. 3. C^vn 5. &o fi. A*&$&.JBl 7. 1. fcv*L^ 8. Vifc F. Pair Work—Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives, and tell your partner. Example: T * Mi SI I < h % $ ^*U*ft0 1. fcti 2. ftCOBJtt 5. 3. fA?>£ & 0 6. /W-f a A. Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives. (^Jl. Example: tzfi*^'* If AI £ if ^ ifii n. fi I B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives. @ Example: -* A,X'I tz 1. &3$P 2. 3. ^^Lv^ 4. ^-it,#^ 5. 6. fe&M 7. 8. CK^^i 9. Uffel 10- 11- V* I C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa Look at the memo and make sentences. @ Ex. Okinawa—hot 1. food—not expensive 2. food—delicious 3. hotel—not big 4. hotel—new 5. restaurant—not quiet 6. sea—beautiful 7. surfing—interesting Example: D. Pair Work—Use the chart below and practice a dialogue with your partner, substituting the underlined parts, A and B are talking about A's vacation. Example: A is Robert. * A : B : i i Ex. Robert went to Okinawa very hot (1) Mary sawT a movie scary' (2) Takeshi stayed home (HU^I) very boring (3) Sue went to a party not fun (4) Mr. Yamashifa went to flea market (7'|-7-t7 1*) not cheap (5) % A. Look at the pictures and make comments on them. Example: tit- f (1) (2) TUV (3) is® (4) A pa (5) A (6) »J (7) £F£ B. Answer the questions using the given cues. 0 Example: Q i M T 'J -Hli^^'^W'o A : /T 'J -*A,ti«»3 L^Atto Ex. $TV~ (1) x- (2) n/s- h (3) tz n I kind beautiful interesting energetic A. Pair Work—Choose the items from the following categories and ask your partners whether they like them. Example: A : J T '/ - 5 ^$ 1. Foods: meat.//&o £ "7 (fermented beans)/ice cream iTA 'J — A) 2. Sports: aerobics (^T a t'7 X)/skiing /skating <*^-r) 3. Music: hard rock (^-FD7 7)/jazz (I** X*)/classical music (§ v > 7 7) 4. School Work: test/Japanese class/homework I. Drinks: sake/green tea/coffee * If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can use if$-X't> $ & 0 i-£h0 B. Answer the following questions. 1. ^4'X-f-7WK# 3. I -ei-*\ 4. ^i:^®*^>-ei-*»e -f 5. &&%i&i^%?trf¥% r A. Change the following into ^Ld;-5> sentences. Q Example: a^M^f^i" -» S^H^LHJ; % i: .1/ r Hi i: ua r lit 4. 5. 6. IN? 7. ^ 8. 9. a'XI:*? Hi • 1*1 A. C » B. Pair Work—Make follow-up suggestions using ^l/&|W (Review Exercises) A. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. 1. Were you busy last week? 2. Were you fine last week? 3. Was your high school big/old? 4. Was your watch expensive? 5. Is your bag new? 6. Is your room small/clean? 7. Is your teacher kind? B. Class Activity—Show and tell Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip. Example questions: C. Role Play—Using Dialogue II as a model, buy some stamps and postcards. El L*^ £ * * U ** > _ 50 ram iimm Stamps Postcard rczz? A t Photo Shop Customer : Shop clerk Customer : Shop clerk Customer: Shop clerk Excuse me. I'd like a reprint, please. Certainly, Would the glossy finish be all right? Customer: Shop clerk : Please fill in your name and telephone number here. H7ie« H'/W *7 6e ready? i±Xbir) ii+ia{0 = 4'C-t5 7/ «•/// be ready at three o'clock on the 15th. Please bring this receipt. All right. Thank you. Thank you very much. Useful Vocabulary lw ^'hL-reprint *%A%-- —development -glossy finish -mat finish if'X. -panoramic -slide print * if- negative date/time something is ready 7 >f ^ A — 24-print roll ^Jfe - disposable camera 31 ^ $1 X. # film battery receipt