E S S 0 N ^ Winter Vacation Plans 10 IS D i a *5 o g u e Winter vacation is approaching. i / r .-. tzil i / r 6 tztf 7 8 / T 9 fetf io / T L : y - L : "J -L : 'J - L : £ — o t lf2 U fe#l i *A L 25 & fi if 3**:: ft > 2 £>, & ') ** At a travel agency. 5 ./T'j-: a: fc$S^ Lit: 6 7 V v -y h i] - K 1N| 1> % % V 11 © Mary: Ii is getting mid. Takeshi: Yes. Mary, what will you do ;u winter break? Mary; I am planning to go to Korea or Taiwan, but 1 haven't decided yet. Takeshi: Thai's, nice. .Mary: Which do you think is bettet. Korea or Taiwan? Takeshi: Mm . , . I think it is wanner in Taiwan. But Sue said that the food was delicious in Mary: I see. By the way. are you going somewhere, Takeshi': Takeshi; I won't so anywhere. I don't have money, so 1 will stay here. Mary: Is that so? Then I'll buy some souvenir for you. Takeshi: Wow. thank you. Mary: I'd like to reserve a plane licket from Osaka to Seoul. Travel agent: When is it? Mary: December Ifl. Travel agent: We have a morning flight and an afternoon flight. Man: A morning flight, please. Can 1 use a credit card? Travel agent: Yes. Mary: How long does it take to Seoul? Travel agent: About one hour. Korea. Vocabulary í* fall doctor m station rich person m face season credit card this year soccer shirt life: living world subway gloves mm barber's * spring pants beauty parlor flight é ship: boat baseball tu celebrity f to reservation next semester N o u n $ h-B í -ti--o c g L -> ť '7 ŕ> t í? ■t-i: < h \i h l/X n * J: < L,\ - adjectives i"TLv? 1 L k« apple warm slow: late cool (weather—not used for things) cold (thins people) sleepy Words rhar appear in the dialogue & • a d j e c t i v e fr&fz k (SO |9f easy: simpie U - v e r b s * i)'"h',^> to take (amount nf Time/money) tfcfl particle) £ £ £ £ £ to stay (at a hotel, etc.) (—U) $ §jj & to become * ll b ^ $& "? to pay /? u - v e r b » ^Wcj ;i to decide Irregular Verb K//ln> i t5 ffi.W~t Z> to practice Adverbs and Other Expressions £ ^ t on foot b*$£lA — # best *Wf^ -'i*^ for . . . months "M^l in . . . time; after . , . Z which % which if c?> 0" ^1 how much; how long "~ ... years [J'f3 < -S- < (do >( mint hi rig.) early: fast Grammar M Comparison In Japanese, adjectives have the same shape in n on ami punitive and comparative sentences; there is no alteration as in "great/greater." The idea of comparison is expressed by adding something to the nouns that arc compared. A tPlg-5ff B £0* (property),, = A is more (property) than B. Elvis Presley is more hip than Frank Sinatra. Barbra Streisand is a better singer than Madonna. Vou can ask for another person's opinion on two things in comparative terms. A£B£ g&moy&^fr (property)0 = Between A and B. trhich is wore (property)? Which is r/ipaper, (going by) bus or (by) train? In comparison among three or more items, the degree Qualifier ^*>liVv is used, [(class of items) CD^T'] A tfUSIS/u (property^ -— = A in the /nasi (property) {.among (a class of items)]. Between Pa varolii, Carreras, and Domingo, ft'ho do you think is the best st'jiger? 1In real life, the phrases A fiiil jS'and B X often appear in ihe reverse order, making it very easy lo be misled into believing the opposite of what is actually said. Don't rely on the word order, therefore. to decide which item is claimed to be superior. Listen carefully fur the word.* **' and X ') . ■There are several alternates for % '/''ll i . They are: Z."o o 1 . tand Any one of these can be used in question sentences seeking comparisons between two ncni&. £' *j and Y'%>^i ll i are sliyiub more colloquial than c'h and c h *j ';>\l i . Pavarolli is best, naturally. Note that the words i and Sf-ss o are not used in statements of comparison among three or more items. .Normal question words like tzti, t'i'i, and f=T are used instead.3 adjective/noun + CO When a noun follows an adjective, and when it is clear what you are referring' to, you can replace the noun with the pronoun ©; "one." You can use to avoid repetition. I have a black siceater. 1 have a red one, too. £ k >ff # * S\ w--ff > £ If,, -C ivu * f) * # /v -C* L fc0 (O = ) 7 ti&Rj & i/O' inexpensive dictionary, but there were no good ones. IVadjective u-adjective i + noun -» \ +r jjf aj- -:--f *'= 11 '///■// fruit do you tike best? t> •) follows verbs in the present tense short forms to describe what a person is planning to do in the future. You can also use a verb in the negative plus ^> I 1 to describe what you are planning not to do. or what you do not intend to do. verb (present, short) + z>±> 0 tz (I) intend to do . . . 7 intend to play tenuis with Takeshi this weekend. Professor Yamasl/ita does not intend to come to school tomorrow. nf£fLizn<-3t> o -t-i feit tr, i < i fe , & $ I fe. We were planning to risit a temple, but we didn't, because the weather was not good. Bl adjective + The verb 5 means "to become." indicating a change. & 5 follows nouns and both t\ pes of adjectives. U-adjectives: BftU -> Bffr<&-g) to become warm! warmer •fcfc — i:Z T. ^-adjectives: $rfr(fc) HfrlCte-S to become quiet!quieter nouns: zs#iM si'iat^S to become a company employee l < $ 1 i l fee Studying the Japanese language is fun now (though it was like torture before). 0*&nw&$*%lief 1 i l /■-, 7 fatt>e grown fond of studying the Japanese language. With *. '-adjectives, the final v»is dropped and < is added, as in their negative conjugations. A common mistake is to expand the pattern of ^'-adjectives and nouns and use with ^-adjectives. It is wrong to say, for example. XB|iH>!:^, When an adjective is used with fs o, a question arises whether the sentence describes an absolute change (ex. "it has become warm, hence it is not cold any longer") or a relative change (e\. "ii has become warmer, but it is still cold"). *± 5 sentences are ambiguous in isolation. If you want to make clear that you are talking in relative terms, you can use the pattern lor comparison together with & 5. A/tfry become better in Japanese than before. In Lesson S we learned the Japanese expressions for "something" and "nor . . . anything," f\-h- and fTi. As you must have noticed, these expressions are made up of the question word for things, f3!. plus particles ir and I. Other expressions for "some'' and "any" in Japanese follow this pattern. Thus. someiliing l5]"^1 someone fztlfr_ soineichere t£ 6* not anything ff_i> not anyone tzty 6 not anywhere £ ^ t> As we noted in Lesson 8. these words are used by themselves, where particles (i. fi\ or £ would be expected. It is. then, interesting to observe how these expressions interact with other particles, such as i-. "n and "C\ These particles appear in the places shown with underscores above. Let us look at some examples. £ Z J.!L/:^ if zy* I rr I $ t L fe, ZJ/V/ jfttt #0 anywhere? Xo, I didn't go any where. D/(7 you see anybody? Xo. 1 didn't see anybody. fUr I t L t:t\ j»lUH/vtL/:0 Did yon do any tiling? Xo, I didn't do anything. You can use I.he particle* T with nouns thnt describe the means of transportation and the instruments you use. L ~C w"!i/v £ i ~fW'V fat our meah with chopsticks. B &U-X"H I Ll% Let's talk in Japanese. ^"XtlKI "Cif J i L /c, / tceut to the station by bus. t V t't'B^ili * & i L £0 / iv//c a moi-tf oh TV. mms—s Expression Notes *Flu£*Fi!fe©ffl#&D£"3"#► wc sometimes use a> and 1t i' at the c*6 -ft .'5 end of a sentence when we want our partners lo treat what we have just said as a given, common ground to build upon. These words often indicate the speaker's intention to gi\e her partner a chance to react and speak up. Ry relegating the right to speak ro one's partner, they also contribute to the politeness of one's utterance. In the dialogue, the travel agent lays out the relevant information on the table: there are two flights, one leaving in the morning and another in the afternoon, ft* attached to her sentence indicates that she wants to build upon, and move forward with, these pieces of information. Instead of asking the obvious question, namely, cn «9 7iif. >:. > ~Z"$'fi\ the agent chooses not to finish her sentence, and lets her customer come forward with an answer immediately. Practice A. Look at the pictures below and answer the following questions. Example: Q ! $J| £ £t} % m\t 1 vj^tfj^ (a) Picture (a) 1. ffiH* t /*&* if % 4# ii % H ii* H 'C- f i$» i. jisi OS E h W it 3 i*tf^a Picture (b) Picture (c) 9. ffl + 3 & E Ifci 3 A i If-a fe m \l n \ *W&frm A t!tf *■ t i hi- 10. ^ffl-^Ai: jfcife&&i£&«*-&m&$ &M$*Mt»'TIM ¥12,000 A8fr)B| ¥8,000 5s (b) 25 $ So 20H 35* 2(10 B. Pair Work—Make questions using the following cues and ask your partner. When you answer the questions, add reasons for your answers, if possible. Example: (*f>) A : €1 LXX~ftrs B : ;*.<'*0>W I ttiS: 6". 0 jjl/ K 4 W (Germany) $- (>>> *•*. l: 8. v s 7 rt* -y x -y ^'—/ x y U — > 9. v i *r \\ - W -v7'/>/7 K > f- (; &fc>) 33 10. 11. B^co^/hbtzom?)^ (B£#"^) 12. S (&3fcsrf&LuJ A. Look at the pictures on the previous page and answer the questions below. [^} Example: Q '• Z «0 + X\ £'n//^ % ftf£ S| I » Picture (a) 2. -iO^'C-, £SM^*%#&#*V1^*S Picture (b) ?,. Zft\ £Zt<^ib ISA, & 3> ^ "C1"*•„ Picture (c) b. Answer the following questions. Example: "fe^^/*f 5s A : tLAfi^3lf/aK-tt2 C. Group Work—Make a group of three or four people. Ask each other questions and make as many superlative sentences as possible about the group. Example: 3 C0^PX\ A § L ti~u* *&££/Ul§M "X"~f0 b ^ ^1 ^ t, i£/v^ *f & ^ f -f0 D. Class Activity—First form pairs and make comparative and superlative question sentences with your partner. (You should know the answers.) Then ask questions to the class. The rest of the class answer the questions. Example: X \- £ ^ 11 ') ¥£} ^ X't^, B. You are a customer. Look at the picture and tell which you want. 1 ! i Example: Store attendant ! €%h Customer: g^<**«* U" U nH3 (2) ^iw^A*^*^** (3) ^k^#&**v^v^$* (4) if tj^co'O \y -&*v **, % x1%\ (5) BTh *® > *"/ &\»v >-C"t tf\ A. You are planning to do/not to do the following things next week. Tell what you will/will not do using -OfcOrT. K Example: 8« an* 'J n IS lix. to read books (1) to practice the piano (2) to do exercises ' - _ ■ i' (3) to do laundry (1) to write letters lo friends (5) not lo go out £1 a (6) to eat dinner with friends (7) not to study Japanese (S) to stay at a friend's (0) not to go home 01H (1(1) lo clean a room (11) not to get up early B. Answer the following questions. Example: Q S -M&L* *fe*t?JL£l?ff £ i. ^Ac^ruf 11 -*->k r,. *45i£iV) it*',, ; a (1) 0^ I 90 f7 n—— ^5 (2) itf; (0) t/v5 (6) lh 4 (1) M^'&t^ 7U (7) &11' (8) S4f 3^5 (9) * do) m*&\ 1 ll)- 150- -i—i-1-'—'—f~ $1 -¥110 -> $1 =Y150 B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms. 1. t«* Ltzih^h, SPS** 3. HA- £ 9 £ L:fe* 4") i Lfc, £ * t^ * r, ji^ ^ it* 7. 3 ^mibt'iiy-h, r. L r 5 @$e^"C1t££3~ A. Look at each picture and explain how to get to and from one place to another, (^l Example: 1 % h' * VL 3c t" § fe-f - T'lf ^ i 1", ft J I »4 If Ex. c 11, (3) □ o "7 t 10 min. 4®t EE 1 hour □ □ o 0 D O □ do mi 40 min. 0 □ do M -»r° 1 1 "7 (1) 30 min. 20 min. □ "7 (5) O D □ Q □ □ □ □ □ am lu min. 0 a o a a a o (6) 2 hours <7) (8) 1 week B. Use the same pictures and describe how long it takes. Example: n *1 bIKi t" + ^^/Wlil C. Explain how you get from your house to school. Example: % %frhfaVL&X'&1fc$-X'ftiy £ 1\ -E^**' ') | t* & 91 fr h®m£ X'%$-: i $L 0 5 "f, -^H'lit tiki u*^ A. The chart below shows winter vacation plans for Mary and her friends. First, answer the following questions about Mary!s plan. Mary will go to Korea with Sue by plane 3 weeks will stay at Sue's house will do shopping and eat Korean foods Roherl will go back to London by plane 2 weeks will meet friends Ken will go to Tokyo with a friend by bullet train 3 days will stay M a hotel will play al Tokyo Disneyland Tom will go to the south pole (JMS) by boat 2 months doesn't know will take pictures with penguins {'<>%■'>) Takeshi will go nowhere 1. / T 'J -HüH«mi: Z'Zfriift tt^r. 2. ifi ^ -CSSI-^ff ^ i tfr, tztx Zif $ £-f fr* 4. £ZIZ:b$ ') | tp*t How about the others' plans? Make pairs and ask questions. B. Pair Work—Talk about your plans for the upcoming vacation. C. Role Play—One of you works for a travel agency and the other is a customer. Using Dialogue H as a model, make reservations for the following tickets. (1) From Xagoya to Los Angeles Jan. 1 1 person smoking seal (2) From Tokyo to Paris Feb. 14 1 person window seat (3) From Osaka to Rome Apr. 18 2 persons aisle scats (1) From Tokyo to Bangkok Aug. 21) 4 persons nonsmoking seats smoking seal - ftjP% aisle seat = ^g-fH'J M window seat = MiM<7)!% nonsmoking seal = ^SjS At the Station Types of Trains f-If iff Destination ~7f I U 1 *"> ■» local express super express bound for . . . sen•tng . . . areas Types of Tickets and Seats ---(boarding) ticket ls)$v# -coupons commuter's pass -vouchers: zone tickets Kit— student discount reserved seat general admission scat nonsmoking car round trip one way Places in Stations track' number . . . V}$')b 0 % ticket vending area eX+L -gale rjx — A platform - kiosk AO exit entrance stairs first car: front end last car: tail end 209 Miscellaneous Public Transportation Terms $L9 H|j£- transfer —next (stop), . . . -departing first departing second -last train Announcements I $ % < g# lit %&wm it— We will be leaving soon. A train is arriving. Next (we'll stop at) . . . The doors arc closing. Please be careful. Useful Expressions Does this train stop at Akiliabara? What time is die lasl train? ftpft I ITtNiJtefl &$»4|(v* L £ i"0—One reserved ticket to Tokyo, please. Can I get a student discount? Which one is I lie train bound for Ktintakura? B : ~» -:t Track number tiro.