^Jß^JL E S S O N...........................13^| ^JUA^S^U Lookin9 for a Part-time Job D a I o g u e I J John calls the restaurant Little Asia. 1 % & tA hin 2 V 3 > 3 /£ 4 i/ 3 > 5 6 V7 3 > íb/í < l ti ií Lmi ä É Iii } J 'I ** £ o(> i; i: 13^ r At the restaurant. íířzh li L* to** 1 ^ HSfc. 2 i/ 3 > 3 7£ 4 V 3 > 5 ^ ft XL htň 6 V 3 > 7 & XL *>ti 0 1 j Professor Yamashita comes to Little Asia. 3 'J 3 > : 4 AT&ái : — »1^= Sít^T^ to SST3IM 5 v 3 y . 6 a»T^:± Z O á 1"io Manager: Yes, this is Little Asia. John: My name is John Wang. I saw your classified ad. Manager: I see. Well, shall we meet and have a talk? Can you come to the store today? John: I cannot come today, but if it's tomorrow, I think I can come. Manager: I see. No good today ... All right. How about one o'clock tomorrow? John: One o'clock. OK, I've got it. Manager: Mr. Wang, why are you interested in this job? John: It seems interesting. I can meet various people; I can also use Japanese . . . Manager: Have you worked at a restaurant before? John: Yes. As a waiter, I have. Manager: Can you start tomorrow? John: Yes, I promise to do my best. Manager: Yes, I know you'll do your best. John: Welcome. Oh, Professor Yamashita. Prof. Yamashita: John, do you work here? John: Yes. I work three days a week. Prof. Yamashita: I see. Which one is good? John: This curry is the most popular one. Prof. Yamashita: It looks good. Well, I will try this one. a b u h5 pp I * avis . »>jr >f ? - t: v ^ ^ **^> ^ * ts v — * C «1 < /'A a" U - adjectives & L v n & L v waiter grandfather; old man (someone's) house/home adult foreign language musical instrument karate curry kimono; Japanese traditional dress cake advertisement tea (black tea) language golf sweater elephant violin motorbike (consumer) prices grammar lawyer recruitment shop; store yakuza; gangster promise; appointment (term) paper I (formal) glad sad hot and spicy; salty strict * Words that appear in the dialogue close; near -adjective s -verbs fa t; < ^ < r r e g u 1 a r V e r b dverbs an d 0 t h nit limbers (used to count days! — 0 -0 3.0 130 iH ^0 -t0 11 ¥ AS Z Z (mi-rareru) u-verbs: Drop the final -u and add -eru. ft< (ik-u) ■» 1ST * irregular verbs: frttS (ik-eru) Si 4 firs You may note that the potential forms of rw-verbs are considerably longer than those of the w-verbs, which happen to end in the hiragana 5. (Compare M,bti%> and fcti %> in the above list.) There actually are shorter, alternative potential forms of ru -verbs and the irregular verb < -S, which are made by adding the suffix -rem, instead of -rareru. These ra-less forms are gaining popularity, but are considered slightly substandard. ru-verbs: irregular verb: <•§ potential forms ■¥ fi£>ft-5 alternative potential forms mm Potential verbs themselves conjugate as regular -verbs. htzl I- HA, £ lift / can speak Japanese. (The truth is) I cannot swim. We could not go to the beach, because it rained. The table below summarizes the conjugation pattern of potential verbs. short forms long forms affirmative negative affirmative negative present past te-form Those verbs that take the particle £ can take either & or when they have been made into the potential. X S■ 5, the potential counterpart of the verb i" -S , is somewhat special, and takes almost all the time. (The use of £ with X ^ l> is considered highly substandard.) All particles other than £ remain the same when the verb is turned into the potential. verbs with ^: /H^IHfc -» H^tfl^S or 3t?!£Sg«>5 ii^^^-S ttS^'C^-S (ttS^'C^'S is considered substandard.) verbs with particles other than ^: LUCIA'S -> UllZ^tl-g) (No particle change involved.) ¥>S-©H -fflS To give the reason for something, we can use the conjunction (reason) ^t>% (situation),, Q :IX'*-T4 - K&%\^X*i-*\ Why aren't you coming to the party? L It A- Jii -- and &-adjective bases to say that something "seemingly" has those 2 properties. When we say ~ £ 1 t"ft we are guessing what something is like on the basis of our impressions. To form ~ £ ^ "Ci" sentences with ^-adjectives, you drop the final ^; with 4'-adjectives, you just drop The only exception is with the ^-adjective which will be changed to X S before % i. Z CO 1 Ay Ii jo V ^ L 1 X"~$~o This apple looks delicious. $)hfz (i^Lfi^ X $ ") "C*~f o /if foo£s //A:e weather will be fine tomorrow. XL J / 7')-J L tzo It looked like Mary was fine. UL 5 IVadjectives: -> exception: -» ^-adjectives: -» Ö7u fi You can use £ i X°~$~ with negative adjectives too. The negative ending is changed to f£ $ before Tfe does wo/ foo£ difficult. pi5 f fifoes «0/ /oo# Me Tomoko is good at tennis. You can use the adjective ; % 1 combination to qualify a noun. € i is a ^-adjective, thus we say £ 1 ft before a noun. 2You can also use ') 'C'T with a verb stem to describe an imminent event. ii'Tf ^ £ ") 'C" T- It looks like it will rain. The negative of the verb stem + *C"f construction is somewhat irregular. flü**W O^Tt&lä-fr/Co It does not look like it will rain. She wears a warm-looking sweater. In many i X~f sentences, the guesswork is done on the basis of visual impressions. It is wrong, however, to assume that % ^is inalienably linked to the visual medium. We use % 1 when we lack conclusive evidence. (For example, we say an apple is & ^s L £ 1 before we have had the chance to taste it. Once we have tasted it, we say £ v n L i \) With an adjective for which visual evidence is crucial, such as ^ ti^N we do not use £ 1 and say that something is J ^> £ i X~f, if it looks pretty; we already have enough evidence to conclude that it is pretty. CI ~zz>& You can use the fe-form of a verb plus the helping verb & 5 to express the idea of "doing something tentatively," or "trying something." You are not sure what the outcome of your action will be, but do it and see what effect it might have. / did not know the kanji, so I tried asking a Japanese friend of mine. My friends say that the cake at the shop is good. I will have a piece one of these days (and see if it really lives up to its reputation). & comes from the verb IL-5, and conjugates as a regular rM-verb. A statement of the form "noun A & h predicate X" says that the predicate X applies only to A and is not more generally valid. The main ideas of a & h sentence, in other words, are "limitation" and "contrast." Situation 1 Have you ever been to Brazil? A : **:yz2t£t3ff^tz z 0 £ 77 o tz Z Ztfh 0 ^-fr^03 I've been to Mexico, but never been to Brazil. 3You can optionally keep the particle \Z before ft h in this example. Particles such as tc, "C, and h may, but do not have to, intervene between the noun and ft h, while (i, #\ and £ never go with ft h. fftl3I3H Situation 2 Q : B&mtfbfr*) £~r*\ I: 11 A, r Do you understand Japanese? A : Uhtf^tihhfrl £to If it is in hiragana, yes. & h introduces a sentence that says something "positive" about the item that is contrasted. In the first situation above, & b puts Mexico in a positive light, and in contrast with Brazil, which the question was originally about. In the second situation, a smaller part, namely hiragana, is brought up and contrasted with a larger area, namely, the language as a whole. You can describe the frequency of events over a period of time by using the following framework. (period) [Z (frequency) (frequency) per (period) ^Ati—MM tC.=ilB?lc §: jjfcv^ 3: ~To I shampoo three times a week. ^Ati — frft lz — \s}0.$Hz1^ffc & £ -f 0 / my /#mz7y owce a month. 3Cti-~^ H — lgJffiUT & L ^ ~t"0 My father goes on a trip twice a year. mm;—h Ocfe5 \-Jh Expression Notes —^Ej$<^The playing of musical instruments requires different verbs. For stringed and keyboard instruments: ^9 — < to play the guitar t° T 7 < to ptoy £Ae piano For wind instruments: ŕo /j/aj saxophone For percussion instruments: F ý £>• £• Ťz Ťz < to play the drum Referring to musical instruments in general, and Těž (for potential) are usually used. Cara yew p/«y «wv instruments? Do you play any instruments? _t=£/_h#C^ Both V^-adjectives and &-adjectives can modify verbs as adverbs. With V^-adjectives, the final I* is dropped and < is added. With & -adjectives, \z is added. C ISA fed 77ze Japanese class is fun. I enjoy studying Japanese every day. I am good at cooking. I can cook well. - vKv HI B, W Practice A. Change the verbs into the potential forms. @ Example: tz*<& tz^hflZ 1, li^-f 2. 3. \\$ 4. £»0 § 5. < -5 6.« 7. £ 8. te§ 9. cot; 10. 2 o 11. 12. *t? 13. (i/ib< B. Describe the things that Mary can do. @ Example: ^ 7 V - $ ,U2—Jfn^if J -f0 Ex. (1) f (2) (3) 1 km Japanese song in Japanese early in the morning hot bath C. Pair Work—Ask if your partner can do the above. Example: A : — pj|Uf £ ax til D. Pair Work—You meet a person on a blind date. To get to know them, ask if they can do the following things and take notes. Add your own questions. After asking the questions, decide if you want to have a date again with them. Questions Your partner's information speak foreign languages? Yes/No (what language?) drive a car? Yes/No (good?) cook? Yes/No (what dish?) play tennis? Yes/No (good?) Answer the questions using the potential verb in the negative. Example: Q I S S v ^ i Ltzfr0 (too expensive) S■ & CO A- 1. A > Y1]V — %iL'<$ Ltzfr (too spicy) 2. HI ltzti\ (too difficult) 3. £ ltzti\ 4. $CDn £>Ht2 L£>fr\, 5. ;I^£^PJS;t £ L/c^o dX l' -tx ,;: feif 6. mx'frgi itz*\ a x (too hot) (too busy) (too many) (too cold) F. Group Activity—"What Is It?" Game The class will be divided into two or more groups. The instructor will show the name of a place to the representative of each group. The rest of the group II13!3H members ask their group representative whether one can do certain things there and guess what place it is. The representative can answer the questions only with [iu or IM^. The first group that gets the correct answer gets a point. Change representatives. Example: Sample Questions: t- Answers: titV>0 £ 1 Ttc A. Answer the questions using ~U~U. Examine the ideas in the cues and decide whether you want to answer in the affirmative or in the negative, fjj)) Example: Q : 0 v ^ 1" «B-*> *> fci> IPX. f 1. ^sttt'lt L^Wo L ItA ..»«-%> 2. felt L ^/WiV^A-C^N, 3. &$f«^£JM 3"t*\> 6. B*me>m&\i>s%t#>ti'*\ 7. -Attft£ t^o (a^^^to t-)AA-ci-o) I: II/, r lii' MS i" 8. Wf$Astf#$~?i'*\ 9. frLv^TV?— h l±^^Xtt\ B. Answer the following questions and add reasons for your answer. Example: Q : 0&eo£.)£irM I ^Xtt\ l. ^o^<Lvv^rfjK 3. 0^t#^ttm^^o J I: 11 A, 2 L'»*J:1 K 5. a*mn8tmz±9tx-i'i)\ A. Describe the following pictures using —€-5.© Example: Z CDi~ Hife^ ^ L % 1 X*i~fo0 Ex. i~L (1) (2) 7^ W — delicious sweet (4) (5) spicy (6) ^ < ^ (3) m old (7) ^^A strict new scary lonely (8) -£r^A (9) fcl^^ (10) fcllh^A; (11) tX,S IAS! RS £A£ smart sleepy warm sad Look at the pictures in A and make sentences as in the example. @ Example: -ft ^ fcV%L£ "7 0:1" L "Cl" *3L0 Pair Work Examples: —Talk about the picture taken at a party using D. Pair Work—Comment on your partner's belongings using ~-^z>1&. Example: A B A B J: A. Respond to the following sentences using (jjjjj) Example: Q : C «m(i1"C ^ "C1"i 0 A : L>&, to 3. zco^iimtLt ltz0 5. ^(i^t U*^f:tfJ:o 6. ^?)CD lii^o/ctflo •y—f'-f— 7. 3 <7>##kl<£#'K*L B. Talk about what you want to try in the following places. Example: Q M > K "CfaI ~C ^ v ^*-f £>0 CD 1. T7')J1 1. $K% 3.7A 4.y'yi/lV 5. f <7 r 6. ? A. Answer the questions as in the example, fjj) Example: Q : ^ T V - $ ^(itt $, n-h-^fi:^ L£*\, A : (O tea x coffee) fi!13!3M 1. ^T'J-^/Ui^M 7l~$Ltl£~$fr0 (Obicycle x motorbike) (O Australia x New Zealand) 3. ^ T ,J-^^(i^V^7£ Li1"*»o (Otennis x golf) 4. lt^^2a*«&$H-#l^*& 0 I1^0 (Ohistory x economics) 5. It/CS /Uifc^^l (O friend X girlfriend) 6. tt/^^ yCtiiBSa "1"**o (OSunday x Saturday) B. Answer the following questions. Use ~&6 whenever possible. Example: Q : X;f-7 J J: { II 1. ^Il^'tl Ith 3. a^^i^Tftil-fi)\ 4. f^At:^/:: o ttfro i* i tf> i > l' A £> 5. ^W\^t^„ 6. ^^'ftlth A. Look at the following pictures and make sentences as in the example. (^Jl Example: — 0 K~®$i*<± "f 0 Ex. twice a day (1) three times a day (2) seven hours a day B. Pair Work—Look at the pictures in A and ask your partner questions using the patterns below. r —0 i ■ 4'A. E *'/v .^0 J lf-S> Example: A : b S/Ui—a ^TO-fc^i n*>l:& ft i: i'^ ft J ft C. Class Activity—Ask two people how often they do the following things. Add your own questions. Example: go to a barber/beauty parlor A : B $A,liX (fl/^dfHt^o H13IM Questions ( ) s& ( ) ^ go to a supermarket cook do exercise go to concerts Answer the following questions. 3. £Z lift-? X&tz^Xtfro £l LXXtfro 4. fi*(D^^ nfrlX^-tzfr^tzXtfr, 5. 4\ W^K^V^^*»0 6. - H {cWFh1C%vv^$IL £1-^0 B. Pair Work—Talk about part-time jobs. 1. TVW-M h £ Lfc ^ 0 ä 1"^o 2. L I L^*\ 3. h tLf:^o 4. -ilfelti^aife^ ± Ltzfro 5. — l^fät-^ < hi b^^ltzfro 6. £X&T/W>M h^L^Ä/ivM:^^^ *H Lttth C. Role Play—One of you is the manager of one of the following organizations, and the other is the student who is looking for a job. (a) Call the organizations and make an appointment for a job interview, as in Dialogue I . (b) Then, discuss experiences and qualifications, etc., as in Dialogue E. D. Pair Work—You have made a phone call to a friend, but your friend was not at home. Continue the conversation in the following situations using the additional expressions below. 1. Ask when your friend is coming home and say that you will call again around that time. 2. Leave the message that there is a vocabulary quiz tomorrow in the Japanese class. 3. Leave the message that you can't make it to a party tomorrow. Start the conversation like this: <• $ t: tz < B : &v\ ABB-Ctc i • x Additional Expressions: i fc€# Li-fo (I will call again.) XL h ?.frl>i%M¥h^tz)Lfcz.X < /c$V\ (Please tell her that Smith called.) (Please tell her I can't come to the meeting.) fa<7)m%^li 471-3980 tto (My number is 471-3980.) J: 3» L < * L 2 1~o /&*L Uto (Closing remark) At the Bank Useful Vocabulary 1 L * >7 > 3« #K .i>/,*<< BffiE#^- traveler's check account interest commission bank card passbook savings 100-yen coin amount personal identification number Useful Expressions 'b VJ^Z Jl^r £ L tz v n -C1" It tT. - I would like to open an account. I would like to close an account. Please change dollars into yen. I would like to cash this check. I would like to deposit money into the account. I would like to send the money to America. —^R*l£"tP3*l-HfcKi^#"t£ t -fi>\-Can you change a 10,000-yen bill into ten 1,000-yen bills? I will withdraw money.