0909 O9Q0 Ö8Ö8 0909 0909 08(58 29 09 58 08 (58<58 00 OÖ 58(58 OPOß S8Ö8 0909 58 08 0009 0909 58(58 0909 0909 SÖÖ8 0909 Ö868 09o9 G8.Ö8 59.015 AmMTPO Hl/DKEBCbKMI/l ICTOPIQ yKPATNCbKOT AlTEPATyPM KbfO-MOPIC 09ao 5888 aoae Ö8.ÖT5 Ö8.Ö8 9509 ÖÖ.Ö8 0909 38ö"8 0909 Ö8.Ö8 0909 0909 08.(58 0909 ÖBÖ8 0909 Ö8Ö8 OOQfi (58.0í 09 OQ Ö8Ö8 OSQfi Ö8.G8 0909 (58,(58 os as JliTeparypHa pe^ata^iíi K). ILepexa-UIeeejiboea OÖKJiaflUHfca Ilerpa Xojiouhozo pß 39J7 A7CS ^MHTPO HH3KEBCBKHH Mr. and Mrs. i. Izio 11440 - 94 St. Edmonton, Alberta ICTOPIH YKPAlHCbKOl JIITEPATyPH BI.H nOHATKDB RO ROBT! PEAJII3My Bhtjsho yKpaiHCbKoio BiJibHoio ÄKa^eMieio Hayn y CIIIA i HayKOBHM ToßapHCTBOM im, HleBieinca b ÄMepHnjL 3a MarepiiKii.Hoio RonoMoroio Cxi^HBo-EBponeücbKoro (pomjy dias [iortana.org.ua yKPAttICfcKA BIJIBHA AKA^EMM HAYK y GIUA Hmo MopK 1956 DMYTBO CI2EVSKY HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN LITERATURE FROM ITS ORIGIN TO THE REALISTIC PERIOD Published by the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S., Ine, and the Shevchenko Scientific Society, Inc. with the assistance of the East European Fund, Inc. Copyright 1956 by the UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE U. S., INC. ytcpamcbtca Bijibua Ananemxsi Hay k y CHI A e npozpcuni euffaunn yKpdÍHCbKoi KHuxcKU — GunycKde y ceir „IcTopiw yrcpaincbfcoi Jiire-pwrypu". Aerop HHUzu, JJMUTpo Ieanoeuz HwmeecbKuu, fliücHuü zněn AnajieMii, iu,o renep npai{toe e ľapeapRCbtcoMy YmeepcuTeTi, e eifío-MUÜ 3Haeei{b icropľi Jiireparyp cjioďswebKux napoßie, 30fcpeMa ympaiHCbKÖi. JJ. I. ^UMeecbKuu Mae nonajj 500 flpytcoeanux npav/b yttpaincb- KOK), CLHZJliŮCbKOK), HÍMeU/bKOK), ZeWLCbKOW, CJlOGCĽU/bKOK), pOClÜCbKOW u íhwumu MoecLMU e zajiy3i RvrepaTypo3Haecrea, Moeo3uaecTea i (ßijioco0ii. B KHU3Í „IcTopia ynpdincbKoi niTepaTypu" oxonjiena floóa eijs, nozaTnie j^o nepiouy peaiiÍ3My. ICTOPIH YKPAÍHCbKOÍ niTEPATYPH BCTyn 1. MaTepiaji, mp g b pyřtax aocjiiflHHKiB icTopií yjcpai'HCbKOÍ jiiTepaTypji, flajieito He oxonjiioG BCboro, mp micaHo Ha YicpaiHi. 3 HaHCTapiiHoi jiÍTepaTypn 11-13 ct., mo 6yjin, hk 3HaGMO, qacaMH BHCOKoro jiiTepaTypHoro po3BHTKy, flyjKe öaraTo 3arHHyjio b nacn TaTapctKoí HaBajiH, HanajÚB kphmcbkhx TaTap, b flo6y pymn, 3míhh jiiTepaTypHoro CMaKy, pejiiriÖHoi ÖopoTbön 16-17 ct. He Ha 6araTO jiiniue i 3 naM'aTKaMH ^o6h apyroro po3KBÍTy, 16-17 ct.: nojiiTira-HHH Ta KyjibTypHHH 3aHenafl Kmna 18 Ta 19 ct., 3MÍHa JirrepaTyp- HOl MOBH HanpHKÍHDji 18 CT., nÍ3HÍHie „HeaKTyaJIbHÍCTb" nOJieMÍHHHX TBopiB kíhhjíi 16 — nonaTKy 17 ct. 3poÖHjiH ymicaTaMH HaBÍTb flpy-KOBam BimaHHH Toro nacy, akí, 3flaBajioca 6, MajiH Kpanji Bnrjiafln Ha 36epeuceHHíi, híík pyiconncn. MaĺbKe Te caaie noBTopiOGTBca i 3 jiiTepaTypoK) 19 ct., öaraTo TBopiB 3ajinniaJioca b pyKormcax npo-TarOM aeCHTKÍB pOKÍB (HaBÍTb TBOpH IIIeB^ieHKa Ta íhuihx HaS-BHaaTHÍuiHX noeTÍB Ta nncbMeHHHKiB). J\o nojiÍTH^Horo 3aHenap;y npHGflHajiacH HanpnidHni ctojiítth aeHanioHajiÍ3ania. Byjio nyJKe Majio ycTaHOB a6o oci6, ujo 36npajin 6 yKpamcbKy KHHry, piflKO ana KHHra BHXoanjia Ôijibine, hímí 03hhm BHsaHHHM, i t. n. I b 20 ct. noBTopioGTbca Te cane, jinme 3HHKaK)Tb 3i cBÍTy Boacoro, Bace ne TijibKH KHHra, ajie h ix aBTopn. Otjkc, MaäHce b ycix nepio^ax icTopií yKpaÍHCbKo'i JiiTepaTypn MaGMO cnpaBy JiHine 3 (ppaťMeHTa&ra Ta ypnBKaMH MHHyjioro. Po3y- MÍGTBCA, i 3 yjiaMKÍB MOJKHa HaCTÍJIbKH 3p03yMÍTH „3yx" MHHyjIHX nacÍB, mp6 cyflHTH npo JikepaTypHim CMaK Ta bmíhhh nncbMeHHmciB THX qaciB. IcTopia JiiTepaTypn — Hayna Mojiofla. J\o Kmna 18 ct. npani npo CTapy jiiTepaTypy öyjin smeöijibnioro cyTO-6i6jiiorpa(pÍHHÍ, ceÖTO KaTajiora TBopiB, jinnie íhobí mo Ha3B TBopiB ^oflaBajín nepeKa3 3MÍcTy aóo 6iorpak-Horo Hapo^y 30KpeMa, Ta „flyxy *iacy" kohchoí enoxn. 3 nboro norjiHfly jiiTepaTypa i Hapo/jHa cjioBecHÍCTb KOHíHoro Hapofly 3a-cjiyroByioTb Ha aKHaninnpiHy yßary. IIlo^o yKpaÍHCbKoi JiiTepaTypn Ta HapoflHoi cjiobcchocth, to poMaHTHHHHx cnpo6 3po3yMÍTH II Öyjio HeöaraTo. lie öyjin, Ha-npHKJiafl, BiflOMa CTaTTH Mhkojih Torojia npo yicparncbid HapoflHi nicHi, mernú 3aMÍTKH MaKCHMOBHHa (b noro BH^aHHi yKpaiHCbKHX niceHb Ta b íhihhx icTopnHHo-JiÍTepaTypHnx npanax), AMBpocia MeTJiHHCbKoro, HapeuiTi KocTOMapoBa — b öoro 3HcepTau,i'i npo Hapo^ny cjioBecHÍCTb hk icTopn^me ancepejio, b Hapnci b BnnaHHi „rioe3ÍH cjiaBHH" (bh^. Tepoejia 1871 p.) Ta CTaTTi ,,JXbí pycLKi Hapo^HocTi". 3 ^yjKHHi^ÍB 3acjiyroBye yBara cnpoôa npocpecopa MocKOBCbKoro ymBepcnTeTy Ct. IIIeBHpboBa b noro icTopii CTapo'i „pycbKoi" JiiTepaTypn cxapaKTepn3yBaTH ayxoBHi ochobh CTapo'i yKpaiHCbKoi* JiiTepaTypn. IHeBnpbOB y aeaKHX BimaHKax BÍp;3Ha-^ae yKpaiHCbKi („MajiopycbKi") pncn b cthjiíctkuí HaBiTb HancTa-pininx naM'HTOK (Hanp. b „Mojiemi ^aHHÍJia''), 36jinjKyiOHH Ix 3 MOflepHHMH TBopaMH aBTopiB-yKpaiHniB (rorojia). Ha Mcajib, cepefl poiaaHTHKiB, yKpai'HCbKHX Ta ny>KHx, He 3Han-uijiocä HiKoro, xTo cnpoMircH 6 Ha cnHTeTHHHnn orjiafl, xoh 6h i HeBflajiHH, xoh 6n oKpeMoi enoxn yKpaiHCBKoi jiiTepaTypn. ^o 9 Toro, b poMaHTHHHOMy norjraai na jiiTepaTypy 6yjio HHMajio xh6-Horo: 3 oflHoro 6oKy, HeBHpa3He yaBjieHHa npo sHHaMiicy po3BHTKy jiiTepaTypH, npo xe, mo KOJKHa enoxa Mae cbííi JiixepaxypHim Ta MOBHHH xapaKTep, cbíh „CMaK", cbíh „cxHjib"; 3 mpyroro — nepe-KOHaHHa, mo Hapo^Ha cjioBecHicTb, HK mm ÍT 3HaGMo Tenep, MaHHce TOTOJKHa 3 npacTapoK) Hapo;nHoio cjioBecmcTio. ^exTo 3 yicpaiHCbKHX poMaHTHKÍB, Hanp., Kyjiini, HaBÍTb yBawcaB cy^acHy yKpamcbKy MOBy BJiacTHBOH) „npapycbKoio" a6o „CTapopycbKoio", moboio „cepn,Ji Hapofly" Ta híjikom BiflKHaaB JiiTepaTypy 11-18 ex. hk nncaHy ,,niTyHHOK>", „aKa,n;eMi^Hoio" moboio, npoflyicT „aKafleMÍHHOí xbmh"... yicpaiHCbrca poMaHTHKa nepejKHjia nepio^ „MepTBHX pokíb" ni-cjifl 1848 p. (enoxa Baxa b ABCxpií xa ocxamii poKH napioBaHHH Mhkojih I b Pocii) i yKpamicTHKa, m;o BiflpoßHjiacs b 60-x poKax, 3R'ii3aHa 3 HOBHMH ayxoBUMH Te^iHMH enoxn. LJi Te^íí, mpnpaBfla, He 6yjiH ořjHOMaHixHi. 3 ojunoro 6oKy, ne 6yjin xe^il ,,h ay k o Boro no3HTHBÍ3My" ceÖTO 36npaHHJi cpaKTÍB, 6e3 ix íh-TepnpeTanii; 3 spyroro — coiíííuibhhh xa nojiixH^HHH paflHKajiÍ3M. Ooh^bí xe^ii najiH memo ninaBe xa KopncHe hjih HayKH, ajie 6yjin mijiKOM cjiini no Saraxbox npoöJieM Ta CTopÍH icTopii »niTepaTypn. Haöripine hh ojiHoommcTb nosHannjiacH Ha moejiiflJKeHHi caMe yKpaiHCbKoí jíiTepaxypH. IIpailÍBHHKH B raJiy3Í SÖnpaHHH CpaKTÍB Ta KpHTHKH TeKCTÍB najiH HHMajio npanb, hkí, npaBaa, cxocyBajincji nepeBajKHo flo exa-poi* ao6n yKpaiHCBKoi' jiixepaxypH. HaÖBHHaxHiniHMH BneroiMH nboro HanpHMy, mo öoro 3BH^aHH0 Ha3HBaioxb cpijiojiori^HHM, 6y-jih: I. Cpe3HeBCbKHH, M. TnxoHpaBOB, CyxoMjiHHOB, A. IlnniH, a cne-n;ifljii>Ho Haa yKpamcLKoio jiixepaxypoio npainoBajiH O. OroHOBCbKHH, M. ITexpoB xa M. /JaniKeBHH, mo no^aB híhhí ^onoBHeHHa 30 „Icxopil yKpaÍHCBKOi jiixepaxypn 19 ct." IleTpoBa. Ajie íx npan,i npnHocnjiH jiňme 3ÖipKH MaTepiflJiiB. Hanöijibnie 3HaneHHH MaiOTb tí npaiji, mo noflaioxb tôkcth, 60 BH^aHHa TeKcxÍB xenep HaMaraiOTbOH fta- BaTH „KpHTHHHÍ", CeÖXO 3a HaHCXapÍHIHMH pyKOnHCaMH, 3BÍpeHHMH 3 íhuihmh cnncKaMH. KpiM Toro, nonaioxb cnjiy ÍHiuoro MaxepÍHJiy, 30Kpeivia BiflKpHBaiOTB fljiH CTapoí jiixepaxypir —- BÍ3aHTÍHCbKÍ, a fljis hoboí — saxi^HboeBponeHCBKi xa cjiob'hhcbkí macepejia, opnriHaJiH nepeKJianÍB a6o B3ipn,i HacjiijiyBaHb. I Ha nonaTKy 20 ct. ijh npan.ii npoflOBJKyeTbca, npn ^OMy Kpn- XHU.Í xeKCTy, BCTaHOBJíeHHKJ HaíiCXapiuiOl (pOpMH naM'HTOK Ta icTopii íx nepe^ani ä p;ajii npHCBírayeTbCH Hanöijibme yBarn. Uji npaui ■qacTo ayiKe ťpyHTOBHi, mojiX 6e3aoraHHÍ. HaHBaJKJiHBiniHMH «o-cJ1Í3HHKaMH Toro ^acy öyjin I. <í>paHKo xa aica;n. B. IlepeTi;, mo 3y-míb 3ai^ÍKäBHXH ^HMajio mojio^hx yneHHX cyTO-yKpa'ÍHCbKHMH xe-MaMH xa BHxoBaTH d;íjihh uieper yHHÍB-yKpamo3HaBiíÍB. Ilopyn 10 HHX Tpeöa nocTäBHTH nocjiiAHHKÍB-tiyHCHHiíiB, cjiOBemja aKaft. B. Jiřina, pociaH A. CoôojieBCbKoro, M. CnepaHCbKoro Ta B. IcTpma. OcTäHHÜi, xoH i Bopor „yKpaiHCTBa", Mae Haöoijibnii 3acjiyrn y bh- RaHHi TeKCTÍB Ta BCTaHOBJieHHi, mo HeflKi BaJKJIHBÍ naM'jTTKH, HKÍ naBHiine BBaHcajiHCH 3a öojirapcbKi, b aíhchoctí HajieacaTt no CTapo-KHiBCfcKoii JiiTepaTypH. OKpeMHM iiijiHXOM iiuoB aKafl. A. HlaxMaTOB, mp npan;iOBaB rojioBHo Hap; jiiTonHcaMH, 3HaíiniOB y hhx cjií^h npaiji pi3HHx as-Topiß Ta peuiTKH BTpa^eHHX TBopiß CTapo'i JiiTepaTypH. I öoro npana 3HaHinjia KopncHHx HacjiißyBaniB. Tpeöa, oflHa^e, CKa3aTH, mp npaija npHÔiHHHKÍB (pijiojioriqHo'i MeTOflH b icTopií cjioß'jiHCbKHx jiiiepaTyp He Rocarjia TaKoi* hocko- HajIOCTH, HK npai^H KJIHCHHHHX (pÍJIOJIOrÍB Ta flOCJimHHKÍB 3aXÍflHfcO- eBponencbKHx cepeflHbOBÍHHHx jiiTepaTyp, XUScho kphth^hhx bh-HaHt TeKCTÍB y Hac i floci HeôaraTO, a 3pa3K0BHx flocjiiflaceHb me MeHine, xom npan,a 3ocjiíahhkíb nboro HanpaMy npoBa^HTbca najii & floci (3raflaTH xon 6h KHHry B. AapiaHOBoi-nepeTn, npo jirrepa-TypHi TBopn npo CB. OjieKcifl Ta npan,io O. PncTeHKa npo cb. lOpia Ta flpaKOHa). BeJiHKe 3HaneHHa MaioTb npani (pijioJiorinHoro Han-pHMy npo jiiTepaTypy 16-18 ct., mo Ha He'i jasmine MafijKe He 3BepTajioca y Barn, ajie u,i npani 3fle6ijitma SHa^Ho cjiaöiini, híhc HocjiiflJKeHHa CTapo'i JiiTepaTypH. He 3BaiKaiOHH na eHepriio ôaraTbox hocjiíhhhkíb, cHjia cTapnx TeKCTÍB He Mae HaBÍTb 3aflOBÍJIbHHX BHflaHb; flO HHX HaJiejKaTB Tani naM'aTKH, hk „l36opHHKH" 1073 Ta 1076 pp., nponoBi^i KHpmia TypoBCbKoro, 6ijibHiicTb &hohímhhx nponoBiflen toiho. Zfemo Bsara-jii HenpHCTynne nepe3 njjiKOBHTHH 6paK BHflaHL, Hanp., 3HaHHa kíjib-kíctl pejiiriÖHHx TeKCTÍB, xon bohh MaioTb BejiHKe 3Ha^eHHfl fljia xapaKTepncTHKH jiÍTepaTypHoro cthjiio Ta noro pa3BHTKy (Hanp., „JliCTBHUa" IoaHa ,,JIÍCTBHTIHHKä"). Ha flpyroMy 6on;i CTOHTb b nacH nopoMaHTH*rai npHÖiHHHKH c o-iíiajibHo-nojíiTH^Horo RocjiiflHceHHa jíiTepaTypmix TBopiB. 3 yKpaÍHCbKHx HocjriflHHKÍB nyiKe rocTpo nocTaBHB BHMory TaKoí Me-TOflH M. .ZIparoMaHOB me b 70-x pp. 3aBepineHHaM flocJiiřpKeHHa JiiTepaTypH b nbOMy Hanpaivri Öyjia BiflOMa icTopia yKpai'HCbKoI JiiTepaTypH Cepria G(ppeMOBa. Ilicjia oojibineBHnbKoí peBojnoijií co-H,iajibHO-nojiÍTHTiHHH niflxifl nonimae onaHOByBaiH icTopiio yKpam-cbKoi JiiTepaTypH, Bee nocmiioiOHHca nicjia po3rpoMy yKpaÍHCbKoí AKafleMÜ HayK, a noTÍM nicjia apyroi cbítoboí* bíhhh. CTapimi ho-cjiiflHHKH CToajiH MaibKe bhkjho^ho Ha 3acaaax HapoflHinjTBa, pa-flaHCbKi — Ha 3aca^ax MaKpcH3My. Ajie cníJitHe b hhx — inyKaH-Ha b TBopax CTapo'i h hoboí JiiTepaTypH pe4)JieKCÍB, BifloöpaMteHHa coiíiajibHoro Ta nojiÍTHHHoro MCHTTa b nacH nocTaHHa TBopiB. JliTe- 11 paTypHÍ TBopH ^lacTO po3rjia^aiOTLCH jiHine hk jpKepejio flJiJi ni3-HaHHH coijíjijibhhx Ta nojíiTHHHHx y m ob íx Hacy. IIpaBfla, tojjí, hk HapOflHHKH npHXOflHJIH flO CBOIX BHCHOBKÍB y HaCJliflOK B i JI b H o r o HocJiiflJKeHHs, cynacHi paflHHCBKi ^ocjiíhhhkh ctohtb ni,n; thckom PÍ3HHX „ftupeKTHB", m;o nacTO Bace Hanepe^ BH3Ha^aioTb tí bh- CHOBKH, ftO HKHX ^OCJliflHHKH MyCSTB IipHHTH. CnijIbHOK) pHCOKJ bcíx HOCJ1Í3HHKÍB coiíifljibHo-nojíiTHHHoro HanpaMy, e oniHKa jiixe-paTypHHX TBopiß 3 norjiHfly Ix kophchocth fljia „Hapofly", „npojíiTapiflTy", „peBOJiřOLiii" i t. Cania no co6i TaKa oumica MOHce i He niKO^HJia 6 flocjiiftJKeHmo nain'íiTOK, ajie rjih flocjiiflHceH- Hfl 3fle6ÍJIBIUoro BHÔHpaiOTk naM'HTKH, UJO BÍRpÍ3HHIOTt.Cfl „HapOflO- jik>6ctbom" aöo no^iÖHHMH ,,iio3hthbhhmh" BjiacTHBocTHMH, a 3 flpy-roro 6oKy oi^íhkuotb cTapi naaťjrrKH He 3 norjiaay ix flooH, a 3 norjia^y cynacHHX aocjiiflHUKaM noJiithhhhx nporpaM, mo poöirrb Cy^H 30CJ1ÍAHHKÍB HeiCTOpHHHHMH Ta HeOÔ'eKTHBHHMH. I aexTo Í3 3raflaHHx BHiije npencTaBHHKiß (pijiojiori^Hoi hikojih He BÔepircH Bifl noßepxoBHX cyfliß cou,ÍHJii>HO-nojiÍTHHHoro xapaK-Tepy (iianp., IlHniH, a ího^í ä <í>paHKo). Ilpaiiiíi nopoMaHTHTOOi ro6k ne ooMejKyBajiaca tíjibkh Ha (púio-jiorÍHHor.iy Ta coĽtiajibHO-nojiÍTHHHOMy HanpnMi. Tpeöa 3rafíaTH m,e flBa HanpííMH, mp MajiH Micrje i b aocjiiflJKeHHi yicpaiHCbKoi jiÍTepa-TypH. 3 oAHoro 6oicy u,e 6yB „ayxoBHO-icTopHHHHň" nanpjiM, 3 apy-roro — inyKaHHH ,,BnjiHBÍB" (m,o noro nexTo npe3npjiHB0 oxpncTHB „BnjIHBOJlOriGK)" ). „3yX0BH0-ÍCT0pHHHe" flOCJli^JKeHHH JlÍTepaTypHHX TBO- piB cnpHMOBaHe Ha bí^kphtth b JlÍTepaTypHHX TBopax ejieMeHTÍB CBÍTorjia^y aBTopiß mh CBiTo^j-a^y, xapaKTepHCTH^Horo rjih bcígí flo-6h a6o oKpeMHx Te^iS. Tpe6a CKa3aTH, mo npeflCTaBHHKÍB TaKoro „AyxoBHo-icTopHHHoro" socjiiA^eHHH 6yjio flytfce Majio — v,e 6yjm nonacTH icTopHKH nepKBH, m;o uiyKajiH xphcthhhcbkhx ochob cTapoi jiÍTepaTypn, nonacTH npeacTaBHHKH iiininx Tenin, 3fle6iJibnioro cpi-jiojioriHHoi, mo npHHari^Ho 3Haxoa;HjiH oKpeMi xapaKTepHCTHMHi pněn b thx a6o íhiuhx naM'flTKax. 3a e,n;Hrioro nocjii^OBHoro npefl-CTaBHHKa ňyxoBHO-icTopH^íHoi MeTOflH, m;o noro npan.i, npaBp;a, jih-ine pi^Ko CTocyiOTLCH no yKpaiHCbKoi jiÍTepaTypn, Tpeöa BBaacaTH 3>. BycjiaeBa, jikhö no^aB cboío nayKOBy «injibmcTb me 3a *iacÍB pOMaHTHKH. KijibKÍCTb uiyKa^ÍB „biijihbíb" óyjia BejiHHe3Ha; Tane my- KaHHfl 3po6HJIOCH HaBÍTb MO^OK) i IipHBOflHJIO RO toto, m,0 B TBOpaX OKpeMHx aBTopiß He 6aHHJiH MaÖHce HÍ^oro opnriHajibHoro: Bee cxoAHjio Ha 3ano3H*ieHHfl Bia íhuihx aBTopiß (Hanp., IIIeBMeHKO Maíiace js,o bcíx cboix TeM Ta 30 MHMajioi ^lacTHHH OKpeMHx mothbíb Ta o6pa3ÍB npHÖUIOB, MOBJIHB, nifl BnJIHBOM nOJIbCbKHX pOMaHTHKÍB). 12 "tíacTO npocxa cxojkíctb tomm bjkč BBajKajiac/i 3a noKa3 „BiuiHBy"; TäKHMH g npau,i B. Pe3aHOBa npo CTapnö yKpaiHCBKHH TeaTp, mo 3 imiioro norjifl^y ijíhhí. Kophchhm Tpe6a BH3HaTH rojiOBHe iny-KaHHH flJKepeji BiuiHBy b cTapifi JiÍTepaTypi, fle Ix inyKajin HaÖMeHine. „^yxoBHo-icTopiPiHi" flocjiipiJKeHHH nacTo nepeTBopiOBajiHCíi na ,,k y ji b t y p h o - i c t o p h h h i". IIpHKJiaROM u,boro g BHce Byc- JiaGB, IHO 3B'H3yG iCTOpilO JIÍTepaTypH 3 iCTOpiciO MHCTeHTBä. Illy- KaHHH bitjthbíb ího^í Haônpajio (popMH inyKaHHa napajiejiiß, 6e3 TBepRJKeHHH, UJO OftHH aBTOp 3an03H^HB IHOCB BÍä ÍHinoro; TaKHH norjiHfl nacTO 3ycTpinaeM0 b nojiirjioTa, OjieKcaH^pa BecejioBCtKoro. OicpeMO CToi'Tb 3acaflHa, ajie He3aKÍH^eHa icTopin yKpaiHCBKOi jiiTepaxypH M. TpyineBCbKoro. Bíh 3 HaflsBHHafiHoio epyflHH.ieio Ta BOJiofliHHjiM pÍ3HHMH HayKOBHMH MeTo^aMH cnojiyHHB y cBoiH npani (pijiojioriHHy, ayxoBHO-icTopHHHy Ta cou;iajibHO-noJiÍTHHHy ivreTOflH. 3aB^HKH HBOMy, a TaKOJK saB^jiKH 3HaHHK) HyjKOMOBHoi eBponeö-cbkoi HayKOBoi JIÍTepaTypH fioMy BflaJioca notára ßoci HenepeBep-uieHy KapTHHy cTapoí yKpaÍHCBKOi JIÍTepaTypH i cpoJiKJiBopy. Haž- OpHťÍHaJIBHÍIIli Ta HaHHÍHHÍHlí HOrO flyMKH Ha ayXOBHO-ÍCTOpHHHÍ TeMH. 4. IIlHpOKHH P03KBÍT ÍCTOpHHHO-JIlTepaTypHOrO HOCJlÍHHCeHHH nicjifl peBOJiioiíil 1917 p., 30KpeMa npauH yKpaÍHCBKo'i AKa^eMii Hayn, MajiH BejiH^e3He 3Ha*ieHHíi, yMOJKJiHBHBHiH BH^aHHH npauB npeflCTaBHHKÍB MaĺbKe bcíx 3ra^aHHx BHine HanpHMÍB nopoMaHTHM-Hoi ho6h. I^íjihS uieper hocjiíahhkíb BHCTynHB 3 hobhmh norjiaflaMH, mp 3B'íI3aHÍ 3 CTHJIÍCTHHHOK) aHa Jli 30W JlÍTepaTypHHX TBO- piB. AaBHiuie npainoBajiH Ha^; nnTaHHHMH cthjiio jinnie TBopiB nHCBMeHHHKÍB ocTaHHBoro ^acy, Ta ô to He 3aBJK^H. Jeníci 3ayBarn b u,bOMy HanpHMi mpAO CTapimoro nncBMeHCTBa 3ycTpinaGMO jiHine b ihkojií ITepeTi^a. /JejiKÍ cthjiícthhhí yBarn, ajie b nyjfce HecncTe-MaTHHHiö Ta cy6'cKTHBHÍň (popni aaBajiH TaKOJK aefnci npeflCTaB-hhkh JiiTepaTypHo'i kphthkh (GBHiaH). He 6e3 BnjiHBy hobíthboí eBponeöcBKoi HayKH Ta pocificBKoro t. 3B. ,,(popMajiÍ3My" (B. IIIkjiobcbkhh xa íhuií) no^ajioca flocjii-fljKeHHa 3 (popMajiBHoro norjiínjy JlÍTepaTypHHX TBopiB yKpamcBKoí JIÍTepaTypH. M. 3epoB, II. <3>HJiHnoBH% B. IleTpoB, O. ^opoimceBHH, B. UKyôcBKHH, O. BíjieHBKHH Ta íhhií — najiH HH3Ky MOHorpacpiš Ta CHHTeTH^HHX npauB, mo b HHX noflaHo po3rjiHfl He jiimie 3MÍCTy, ajie íí cpopMH TBopiB, rojioBHe hoboí" yKpai'HCBKOí JIÍTepaTypH. Jlmiie no^acTH (popMajiBHa aHajiÍ3a TopKHyjiaca ä CTapoi Ta „cepep;HBoi" HOÖH yKpaiHCBKOi JIÍTepaTypH. Cepea yKpaíHCBKHx nocjiiflHHKÍB Maä-Híe He öyjio npe^cTaBHHKÍB KpaÖHBoro (popMajiÍ3My, hkí 6yjiH cepefl pociHH Ta ího^í TBep^HjiH, mo 3míct JiÍTepaTypHoro TBopy 13 B3arajii He Mae h i a k o r o sna^eHHa a6o inp bíh i; i ji k o m 3a- JieWCHHH BÍ3 (pOpMH. ^OCJlÍH)KeHHH (pOpMH B TBOpaX yKpaiHCbKOl jíiTepaTypn Maníce híkojih He BiaoKpeMjnoBajioca Bia yBaHCHoí aHa-JIÍ3H 3MÍCTy, jikhh Ha Paa#HCbKÍH yicpami, npaBaa, 3aHaaTo nacTo ocBÍTjiK)BaHo 3 norjiaaiB „MapKCH3My". J%o toto npeacTaBHHKH yicpa-ÍHCLKoro (popMajiÍ3My 6yjiH 3ae6ijibuioro aoópe BHiiiKOJieHi cpijio-jioriHHo i 3yMÍjiH noaaTH HHMajio iůhhhx KpHTHHHHX BnaaHb na-m'htok yKpaiHCbKoi JíiTepaTypn. MoHCHa roBopnTH npo híjikom ho-bhh nepioa aocjiiaJKeHHH icTopií yKpaÍHCBKOi JíiTepaTypn. B n,iň KHH3Í po6nMO cnpočy BHKopncTaTH aocnrHeHHH bcíx BnníenoaaHHx Teniá, He iťHopyiOHH HaBiTb Tenep 3acTapijinx po-MaHTHKÍB. Ajie BejiHKy yBary 6yae npHCBa^ieHo thm nKTamiaM, mo aoci HeaocTaTHBo BHCBÍTjnoBajinca: rarraHHHM (popMajibHHM Ta nn-TaHHHM nepioHH3an.ii. ** 5. IlepniHM nnTaHHHM, Ha aite Tpeť5a 3BepHyTH yBary, g MOBa. Hac nJKaBHTHMe He ctíjibkh íctophmhhh po3bhtok mobh, ckíjikkh ii „6araTCTBo" Ta BHKopncTaHHa pÍ3Hnx „niapiB" mobh. KoíKHa JKHBa MOBa He € ijíjikom cTajia, HepyxoMa Ta He g oanaKOBa b ycix nac-TiiHax neBHoi* mobhoí TepHTopii Ta b pÍ3Hnx KOJiax jnoaeá, m;o tobo- paTb U.ÍGIO MOBOK). 1. B KOMCHÍH MOBÍ G apxaÍ3MH (CTapi CJIOBa), qo ine BJKHBaiOTBca b jíiTepaTypi jiHine b aeflKHX BHnaaKax, Hanp., b ypoHHCTÍH npoMOBi; Ta hobotboph, HeojiorÍ3MH. IXe — „ícto-pHHHe" po3inapyBaHHa mobh. 2. ITopy^i ntoro g CJioBa, (popMH, bh-pa3H, mo BJKHBaiOTbca jiHHie Ha neBHin Tepirropii. 3oKpeMa 3B*a3aHa 3 TepHTopieio BHMOBa thx caMHx cjiíb (nop. ynp. „CBo6óaa" Ta „cbo-6oaá" toiho). líe — fliajieKTH3MH. 3. Hapeurri, b kojkhíh MOBÍ 6 „HC apťOHÍ3MH" aĎO „a p r O T H 3 M H" — CeÓTO pÍ3HÍ cjioBa, BHpa3H, 3BopoTH, mo BJKHBaiOTtca jiK>ai>MH neBHoi* con.iajib-hoi rpynn (ceJiaHH, KpaMapi, po6íthhkh neBHoi npoípecii", CTyaeH- TH, 3JI0HÍÍ TOIU.O). I 3 M0BHHX 3aC06ÍB ,,3KapťOHÍB" HH „apťo" MOJKe KopncTaTHca jíiTepaTypa, TaK caMe, an KopncTaeTbca BOHa ai^jieK- TaMH Ta iCTOpHMHHMH UiapaMH MOBH. JXo Tóro n,i mapn mobh (íctophhhí, TepHTopiajibHi, con,iajibHÍ) Maioib fljia 3BHHaHHoro, ^nepeeiHHoro" HHTa^a neBHe 3a6apBjieHHa: nopy^i cjiíb „3BHHanHHx" (ctíji, rojioBa, SKHTTa) 3ycTpÍHaGMO CJIOBa, mo MaiOTb Te a6o mme 3a6apBjieHHa: a6o „ByjibrapHe", „npocTo-HapoaHe", ,,HH3bKe" (Taid BHpa3n, aK „Jianaca a^TH", „bjiíiihth Ma-KoroHa" b „EHeíai" KoTjiapeBctKoro; a g CJioBa, mo ix HaBiTb He BJKHBaiOTb Ha miCbMi), — a6o, HaBnaKH, „BHCOKe", ypo^HCTe, nia-HeceHe (aK ijepKOBm CJioBa y IHeBneHita). I bjkhtok cjiíb Tóro a6o iHinoro niäpy mobh xapaKTepH3yc MOBy neBHoro jirrepaTypHoro TBopy, a6o Hanpaiay, a6o aBTopa. 6. MoBa jriTepaTypHoro TBopy — ne, nepe^ycíM, 3aci6 MHcrenb-Koro oípopMjieHHfl 3MÍCTy TBopy. OTHce, npH nocjiiflJKeHHi jirrepa-TypHHX naaťHTOK, MycHMo 3BepTaTH yBary Ha tí 3aco6n „npnicpa- UieHHH MOBH", UJO ÍX y TBOpi BJKHTO. KjIHCH(pÍKan,ÍK> u,hx 3aco6ÍB 3aHo me b cTapoBHHy (äk noöanHMO, ßi^oMa ôyjia nn KjiacH(pÍKanÍH i CTapoyKpaÍHCLKÍH jiiTepaTypi). 3BH-qaHHo roBopaTb npo n,i 3aco6n npHKpanieHHH mobh, hk npo „Tponn Ta (pirypn" MHCTenbKo'i mobh. HaBefleMo jiiniie KijibKa npHKjiafliB. M e t a

HHX míchb HajiejKHTL TaKOJK yMOTHByBaHHH Ha-Mipy n h c a t h Ha neBHy TeMy, Hanp., to My, mp me híxto Ha He'i He nncaB, mp aBTop He xo^e ôyra „paôoM jiíhhbhm" Ta He bh-KopncTaTH fljia 3arajibHoro noôpa CBoro 3HaHHa toiho. Hapenm flp „Tonoeiß" HajiemaTB pÍ3HÍ 3acoôn 3aKÍHHeHHa TBopy: 3aKÍH-neHHH TBopy nooaíKäHHHM HHTa^eBi ycnixy, mojihtboio i t. n. I npo-TaroM onoBiflaHHa ôyBaioTi, „3araJitHÍ Micna", Hanp., onHc KpamH, ^e Bi^ôyBaGT&ca aia, oniHica nofliä a6o bí^mOBJíeHHa Bia ouíhkh, BHÔaneHHa, mp aBTop po3noBÍp;aG jranie „nemo", „HeôaraTo 3 ôara-Toro" MaTepiajiy, iup MOHcna ôyjio 6 noflaTH i t. r. Abtop Mome 3MÍHK>BaTH 3MÍCT, mp bíh Soro BCTaBJíaG b paMKy „3arajiBHOro Micna". HanpnKJiaa, bí^omoctí npo noxoftJKeHHa Ma-Tepiajiy TBopy MaiOTt BianoBiaaTH híhchoctí, ajie TaKi bí^omoctí HajiejKaTb 30 „3arajn>mix mícuí>". B CTapoyKpaiHCBKifi jirrepaTypi THnoBHH Tonoc g njiam (rojiociHHa) 3a noMepjiHMH, 3míct Ix y pÍ3-hhx TBopax flyace pÍ3HHÔ, ajie caiwa (popMa njia^iy b jiiTepaTypHoMy TBOpi G TOnOCOM. Po3noBci03aceHa noMHjiKa píocjiíhhhkíb CTapoi jiiTepaTypn — npHHMaTH Tonoc sa BHpa3 ^íhchhx HacTpoiB Ta nepeJKHBaHt aBTopa, Hanp., 3 „Tonoca ckpomhocth" poôhth bhchobok, mp aBTop cnpaB^i ceôe 3a He3aiÔHoro a6o „HeriflHoro" i t. n. CTapi Ta hobí TeopeTHKH jiÍTepaTypn noaaiOTt ine ÔaraTo íh-hihx TepMÍHÍB, inp BH3HaHaK>Ti> neBHi 3aco6n JiiTepaTypHHx npnKpac. ITpo 3 nnx 3aco6ÍB ôyaeMo roBopHTH npHHari^Ho, aKinp bohh HaM 3ycTpÍHyTBca. Ta SHa^eHHa ^Jia xapaKTepncTHKH TBopy Mac He Jimne bjkhtok thx ^iH íhuihx npHKpac, a i Te, aK ^lacTO, pacHo BHCHBaG tígi aôo tígi npHKpacH a6o MOBHoro mapy oKpeMHä aBTop aôo jiiTepaTypHun TBip. 16 Hanp., y HleBneHKa flyjfte pacni eBcpoHii, po3MÍpHo HeôaraTo ix y KoTjiHpeBCBKoro a6o Kyjiinia. A m,e BajKJiHBinie, b hkíh (pyHKn,n, 3 HKOK5 MeTOK) b>khto Tóro a6o Toro MOBHoro 3aco6y. Hanp. Byjib-ťapH3MH 3ycTpinaGMo BHce b CTapiô yKpaiHCbKÍH jiŕrepaTypi, — u,e jiaÔKH, cnpHMOBam npoTH BoporiB: cpeTUKÍB (y nponoßiflax), b6hb-h.íb cb. KHH3ÍB BopHca Ta Tjiiôa („nci 3Jiii") Tom,o. Hnaiajio Byjib-ťapHSMÍB y KoTjiHpeBCBKoro b „EHeifli" — BJKHBac ix bíh 3 MeToio ryMOpHCTHHHOIO, BHKJIHKaTH CMÍX y HHTaHÍB, 60 H.Í ByjIbťapH3MH (,,IOHOHa cy^ia ßOHKa") bjkhto p,o aHTHHHHx repo'ÍB a6o aHTHHHHx SorÍB TaM, 3BHHaHH0 BJKHBajIOCa B TOH ^aC CJIÍB „BHCOKOrO CTHjiK)". IJboro BHMaraB i toö ťaTyHOK TpaBecTii, b aKOMy nncaHO TBip. ByjitťapH3MH 3ycTpÍHeMo i b IHeBHeHKa, ajie b 3obcím íhiuíh (pyHKn.ii, m.06 niHKpecjíHTH BHyTpiniHio ByjibťapHÍCTb na30BHÍ „bh-coKoro" (Hanp., napcbKoro flBopy y „Chí"), ByjibťapH3MH b flpaMax KocTOMapoBa e Hacjii^yBaHHiiM IHeKcniipoBHX Byjibrapunx cu,eH, smi HJia KocTOMapoBa 30KpeMa npimasHi, 60 caivie cnojiy^eHHa „bhcoko-ro" Ta „HH3BKoro" cthjiíb HajieíKHTb ho nporpaMOBHx BHMor poMaH-thkíb, a KocTOMapoB 6yB poMaHTHKOM. HapeniTi, b peajiicTÍB, Hanp., y Henya-.TIeBinifcKoro, ByjibrapH3MH xapaKTepH3yiOTb Te OTO^emia, npeaCTaBHHKH HKOrO BJKHBaiOTb ByjIbťapHHX BHpa3ÍB. OTHíe, pac-HÍCTb yíKHTKy pÍ3HHX MOBHHX npHKpaC Ta (pyHKHjifl, B HKm IX BJKH- BaeTbCH, g pnca JiiTepaTypHoro TBopy, syHte BajKJiHBa HJia Soro xapaKTepHCTHKH. 7. ^ocJiiflJKeHHa JiiTepaTypHoro TBopy BHMärae He JiHUie onncy Ta aHajiÍ3H noro mobh. BaacjiHBHH i noro 3 m i c t. 3ra;naeMo ro-jiobhí nHTäHHH, mp CTOcyiOTbca 30 3MÍCTy. Ue, nonepme, — KOMno3HU,ia TBopy, ceÖTo ôoro BHÔyaoBa, po3noaiji OKpeMHx ^acTHH, ix nopHflOK, ix B3aeM03B'ji30K, 3Jiaro-flHteHicTb míjk C060K), a6o nocTaBjíeHHa ix y npoTHJie)KHocTÍ o^Ha no oflHoi; rapMOHiŽHa 6yp;oBa BCboro TBopy a6o HaBMHCHe hh He-HaBMHCHe 6e3JianHH, b aKOMy nonaHo 3míct TBopy toih,o. Ochobhí ejieMeHTH 3MÍcTy MaiOTb cboí Ha3Bn: T e m a TBopy — ne fioro ,,3a;n;yM", n,e Ta flyMKa, rno cnojiynac B II,ÍJIÍCTb OKpeMl HaCTHHH TBOpy, aiK RO OKpeMHX CJIÍB. KOJIH B TBOpi € KÍJibKa TeM, roBopHMo npo „TeMaTHKy" TBopy. B ,,Tonojii" IIIeB-nemca MOJKHa öa^HTH Teiviy ,,Hein,acjiHBoro KoxaHHa" b neBHOMy BHrjia^i — MHJiira, o^eBHflHO, 3arHHyB Ha nyíKHHi. /íajli, B KOJKHOMy TBOpi G CW3C6T (3pÍAKa 3yCTpÍHaGMO HaB- MHCHHH 6paK cioaceTy), — n,e 3arajibHHH njiaH nepeôiry nop;ÍH a6o CTaTH^HHX B3aGMHH pÍ3HHX ^HHHHKÍB (3fle6ÍJIbIUa 3ÍH0BHX OCÍ6) TBopy míjk C060K). B „Tonojii" ciojkct — oôepHeHHa 3a flonoMoroio ^ap 3ÍBHHHH b pocjiHHy (ciojKeT, nj;o 3ycTpÍHaGTbca ÍH^e i b IIIeB-neHKa i b íhuihx Soro cynacHHKiB). 17 ClOJKeT 3BHHaÜH0 (KpÍM MÍHÍaTK»pHHX TBOpiß) CKJiaflaCTbCa 3 OKpeMHX m o t h b i b a6o cnoJiyneHHH 3 HHMH. IJe — flpiÔHinii ejie-MeHTH 3MÍCTy TBopy. B „Tonojii", Hanp., MaGMO mothbh — „mhjihh Ha ^cyjKHHi", „CBaraHHa 3a flÍB*nmy cTaporo „Hejiioöa", „caMOTHicTb flÍBHHHH", „BOpOJKÖa" TOIHO. I ni eJieMeHTH KOJKHoro TBopy Tpeöa po3rjiaflaTH He caMi no co6i, a b BiflHomeHHi flo BCboro TBopy, naCTo flo bcígí tbophocth aBTopa. BaMCjiHBOK) pncoK) KOJKHoro JiiTepaTypHoro TBopy e me Hajieac-HÍCTb noro 30 Toro a6o Toro jiiTepaTypHoro ť a t y h k y, 30 neB-Horo THny TBopiB. A 30 KoacHoro ťaTyHKy i aBTop, i HHTani, i Teo- peTHKH JIÍTepaTypH CTaBJíaTb neBHÍ BHM0TO, BCTaHOBJIK)K>Tb flJia HBOrO neBHÍ HOpMH. Hi HOpMH CTOCylOTLCH i flO CpOpMH Í flO 3MÍCTy. Bifl cpopMH BHMaraGTbcji neBHoi KoMno3Hn;ii, BJKHTKy neBHHx npn-Kpac (a6o 3a6oponaGTbca BiKHBäTH neBHÍ npHKpacH), BHÖopy neB-HHx jreKCH^HHX 3aco6ÍB Tomp. Bifl 3MÍCTy BHMaraeTbCH nesHoro xapaKTepy TeMa, neBHoro THny CKmceT, a mofli neBHÍ mothbh. G neBHÍ BHMorH i mpflo fliSoBHX oci6, aKiup bohh b TBopi g; bohh MycHTL HajiencaTH flo neBHHx cycnijiLHHX rpyn aöo neBHoi* flOÖH. TaKHX BHMOr G HHMajIO, i BOHH 3MÍHKHOTBCÍI HaC BÍfl HaCy. iHOflí B ÍCTOpHKHOMy p03BHTKy BHHHKaG HaBÍTb BHMOra He p03pÍ3HHTH ťa- TyHKÍB, He flOTpHMyBäTHCs híhkhx BHMor (nboro ÓaíKajiH, Hanp., npeflCTaBHHKH Kpaifonx poMaHTiraHHX Tenia). Mh ÔyfleMO 3HaS0MHTHCH 3 neBHHMH JiÍTepaTypHHMH ťaTyHKaMH, XapaKTepHCTH^IHHMH flJIfl KOHÍHOl flOÔH, Ta 3 THMH BHMOraMH, IUO flO H.HX raTyHKÍB CTaBHJIHCH B pÍ3HÍ enOXH, npH KOHKpeTHOMy 03Ha-HOMJieHHÍ 3 MarepiajiOM. 3raflaGM0 TyT jiHiue tí Tpn ochobhí rpynn, b ani MOJKHa cno-jiyHHTH bcí JiiTepaTypHÍ faTymai: u,e 1. E n o c, ceÖTo ,,o6'gkthb- HHH" (3a HaMÍpOM) BHKJiafl ÜKHXOCB (paKTÍB, BHKJiafl, p03yMÍGTbCH, MHCTei^BKH ocpopMJieHHH; 2. apatia — tí raTyHKH, mp b hhx jiÍTepaTypHHH MaTepiaji ijíjikom BKJiaflacTbca b ycTa flifioBHx oci6; 3. JlipHKa — bcí ťaTyHKH, fle flacTbca BHKJiafl cyô'GKTHBHHx ne-peíKHBäHt, flyMoK aôo nonyBaHb aBTopa. iHOfli n.i ťaTyHKH 3MÍmy-K>TbCÄ, Hanp., y Ta k 3BaHiü „öajiafli". ük nado B^cHBaeTbca toö a6o íhihhh ťaTyHOK, ak raTyHKH 3MÍniyiOTbca i t. fl. —• ne 3HOBy flyjKe THnoBe i fljia neBHHx enox, i fljia neBHHx aBTopiB, i fljia neBHHx jiiTepaTypHHx Temň. 8. Po3rjiafl 3MÍCTy npHBOflHTb Hac flo rjiHÔuioro „i n e h h o r o 3 M i C T y" TBOpy. Bo B KOHCHOMy BHCJIOBÍ KOJKHOl JIIOflHHH, a THM öijibme nncbMeHHHKa, BiflÖHBacTbca fioro cBÍTorjiafl, eeôro CHCTewta ňoro norjiHfliß Ha jkhtth Ta cbít. CBÍTorjiafl aBTopa Moace bhhbh-THca b TBopi ,,caM coöoK)", 6e3 Toro, mo6 aBTop HaMaraBca nepe- 18 flaTH ^HTaneßi cboí norjiH^H. Ajie nytfce *iacTO aBTop CBÍ30MO xo^e cyrepyBaiH HHTaneBi neBHi nyMKH Ta norjraflH. B TaKHx BHnanKax roBopHMo npo „TeHReHi^iio" TBopy. „Tonojia" — Tßip <5e3 TeH-neHu;ii (MOHce jiHine 3 HaMipoM noKasam noeTH*JHÍCTL Hapontrax BipyBaHB Ta nepeKa3iß), ajie thiiobo TeHneHniÖHi TBopn IHeBHeHKa g, Hanp., „Coh" aôo „Heo(pÍTH". ^OCJlinHCyiOHH ,,ÍneHHHH 3MÍCT" TBOpÍB, MyCHMO HaCTO 3BepTa- THCH no flHcepeji no3a MeHcaMH naHoro JiiTepaTypHoro TBopy, nepen-yciM no ÍH11IHX TBOpÍB Toro caMoro aBTopa, aôo aBTopiB Toro caMoro nacy, a nacTO i no 6iorpa(pÍHHHx naT npo aBTopa, no HejiiTepaTyp-HHX npoflBÍB (jiHCTyBaHHH, cnoranH) aBTopa aöo cynacHHKiB; no cyniB cynacHHKiB npo TBip (KpnTHKa, naponii Tomp); no icTopn^mix naT npo n°6y» KOJiH nocTaB TBip, HapeiuTi, no naT nPo ocßiTy aBTopa, fioro HHTaHHfl (KaTajiorn SiÖJiioTeK micbMeHHHKiB), fioro jiiTepa- TypHi Ta OCOÔHCTÍ 3B'H3KH. ÜTapi nOCJlinHHKH HaCTO ÖynyBaJlH BCK) xapaKTepHCTHKy JiiTepaTypHHX TBopiß Ha TaKHx „noöiiHHx" ß,me-pejiax Ta npHxonnjiH íHoni n° u.íjikom noMHjiKOBHx bhchobkíb. Po3y-mígtbch, Tpe6a HacaMnepen BHB^aTH jiiTepaiypHim TBip caM y co6i, fioro inefiHHfi 3míct MycHTb 3Po6hthch jichhm 3 caMoro TBopy, jinme no nonoMory MOJKeMO 3BepTaTHca no „HenpaMHx" nJKepeji. Po3KpnTTH ineÖHoro 3MÍCTy TBopy 3BeMo „ÍHTepnpeTa-ijígio" a6o Kpame ,,bhih,oio i h t e p n p e t a n, i g 10" TBopy, 60 ,,ÍHTepnpeTanÍGio" 3ByTb ÍHoni i onnc thx (popMajibHHx Ta 3míctobhx ejieMeHTÍB TBopy, mp npo hhx mh rOBopHJín BHiup. TÍJIbKH 3'flCyBaBIHH (popMaJIbHHH 6ÍK Ta 3MÍCT TBopy Ta po3- KpHBinn fioro ineÖHHH 3MÍCT, mh mojkomo nepefiTH n° Toro, mp6 yKa3aTH TBopoBi Ta asTopoBi neBHe Micn,e b icTopn^HOMy npoijeei po3BHTKy jiiTepaTypH. IJe g MeTa „cHHTeTHraoro" 3o6pajKeHHH jií-TepaTypHoro po3BHTKy. Ilpn nbOMy HHMajiy Bary Mac nHTaHHH npo nepionH3aiíÍK) ntoro p03BHTKy. 9. IIpoôJieMy nepionH3au;ii icTopii yKpaiHCbKoi JiiTepaTypH no-CTaBjíeHo MonepHHMH nocjiinHHKaMH b Henasm nacH. Grapi nocjiin-HHKH 06'GnHyBajiH bck) cTapy jiiTepaTypy Bin 11 flo 18 ct. b nesny iíijiicTb, jimne ÍHoni BHniJiniOHH 16-17 ct., mp BMce 3aHanxo ßin-pÍ3HHJiHca mob010 Bin CTapinioI JiiTepaTypH. B 19 ct. noMinajiH MeJKy míjk poMaHTHKOio Ta peajiÍ3M0M Ha nincTaßi ix ineojiori^HHX po36ÍMíHocTefi. íHoni po3noniJi icTopii JiiTepaTypH Ha nepionn cno-jiynajiH 3 nojiiTHHHHMH 3MÍHaMH b jkhttí yKpaiHctKoro Hapony. AHajiÍ3a CTHJIKJ npHBeJia no BHCHOBKy, mp caMe 3míhh JiiTepaTypHHX cthjiíb naiOTb Haimpami Ta cyTOjiiTepaTypm Kpirrepii rjisi nepiona-3au,ii JiiTepaTypH. 19 ^ocjiiflHHKH (Hanp., M. 3epoB S íh.) 3M0rjiH noKa3aTH, mo nacTo aBTopH a6o Tenii, mo ix aaBHiuie cnojiynajin b MejKax oflHoro nepiofly, cthjiícthhho BijipisHaiOTbca oähh bí^ oflHoro ťpyHTOBHO. SHaneHHH fljiH nepioflH3arj;ii yiepamcLKOí jiiTepaTypn MaiOTt i npaiii 3aKopflOHHHx BHeHHx, npHCBanem, Hanp., nHTaHHHM ôapoKKa a6o „öiflepMaepa". rOJIOBHHM 3aBflaHHflM nepÍ0flH3aH,Íl G XapaKTepHCTHKa OKpeMHX enox, npn HOMy nopyn npoôJieM cthjiícthkh, BejiHKy pojiio rpaiOTb i nHTaHHji meojioriHHoro po3BHTKy. Ajie xapaKTepncTHKa OKpeMoi floÔH He g ocTaHHÍM 3aBflaHHHM: Tpe6a m® npoBecTH m e at i míhc oKpeMHMH nepio,n;aMH, mo, po3yMÍGTbca, He 3aBjKflH jierKO. Inofli oKpeMi jiÍTepaTypHi Temi BHCTynaiOTb KflH 6yjia no kíhhh 3po3yMÍJia; 3ycHjijia BHpoÖHTH yHopMOBäHy, HopMajiÍ30BaHy, „HHCTy" MOBy a6o, HaTO- MÍCTb, UiyKaHHH CBOGpi^HOi, OpHťiHaJIbHOl MOBH, JIIO60B £0 MOBHHX HHBaHTB, yHCHTOK ,HÍHJieKTH3MÍB Ta iKapťOHÍ3MÍB J CTpeMJlÍHHH AaTH Haä to h híhihh bhcjiíb a6o, HaBnaKH, — HaHÔijibiuy noBHOTy mob-Horo BHHBy, xoH 6h ne öyjio i He Ha KopncTb to^íhoctí; nparaeHHa HOCHrHyTH b 3arajibHOMy BpaJKeHHH cnoKiÖHoi rapMomi a6o, HaBnaKH, HanpyjKeHHH, pyxy, ^HHaMiKH. IIpeflCTaBHHKH uhx abox pi3-hhx THniB jiŕrepaTypHHX cthjiíb niHaTb He ie caivre: acmcTb a6o rjiHÔHHy, npoCTOTy a6o nmnmcTb, cnoKÍH a6o pyx, 3aKÍHHeHÍCTb y co6i aóo 6e3Me^íHÍcTt nepeneKTHB, BHKiHHemcTb a6o cTpeMjiiHHa Ta MÍHJIHBÍCTb, CKOHI^eHTpOBaHÍCTb a6o pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍCTb, TpaflHI^ÍHHy KaHOHÍHHicTb a6o hobíctb i t. fl, 3 ojmoro 6oKy, nepeBaacae ißeaJi cnoKiHHoi ypiBHOBaJKeHoí KpacH, 3 flpyroro — Kpaca He g gähhoio eCTeTHHHOK) H.ÍHHÍCTK) JIÍTepaTypHOrO TBOpy, nopyH KpaCH CTOaTb íhuií híhhoctí, Ta ,n;o eCTeTHHHoí c(pepH npnOMacTbca HaBÍTb He-3yrapHe... IIosHaHMo n;i rann ^iHCJiaMH „1" Ta ,,2". Po3yMÍGTbca, TaKe cxeMaTHHHe yaBJíemia jirrepaTypHoro po3-BHTKy g ho neaKo'i Mipn cxeMaTH30BaH0io aßcTpaKnicio Biß peajib-Horo npon,ecy po3BHTKy. IIÍ3HÍnie noöa^HMO, mp b Meacax kohchoí Ho6h g pÍ3HÍ HanpaMH, iHHHBÍnyajibHi yxHJín Ta nepexoňOBi HanpsMH míjk oKpeMHMH enoxaMH. JXo Toro m b yKpaiHCbKift jiiTepaTypi, aKa 3Hajia nepioflH pejiaTHBHoro 3aHenaay, aeaKi enoxn — peHecaHC, kjihchi^h3m — penpe3eHT0BaHÍ Majio a6o HeBHpa3Ho. 10. 3arajibHa cxeMa po3BHTKy yKpamcbKoi jiiTepaTypn BHrjia-nac (Ha nyMKy aBTopa khhitk) TaK: I. ^oöa MOHyMeHTajibHoro cthjiio — 11 ct. II. ,ZHo6a opHaivreHTajibHoro cthjiio — 12-13 ct. III. IlepexoflOBa 306a — 14-15 ct. (bí# nboro ^acy 3ajimuH- JIOCH Ha^TO MaJIO naM'HTOK, hkí, jjo Toro, G BeJIHKOK) mí-pOK) KOMnijIflTHBHHMH TBOpaMH a6o TBOpaMH, IHO CTOHTb Ha OKpai JiiTepaTypn). TV. PeHecaHC Ta pecpopMania — Kment 16 ct. V. BapoKKo — 17-18 ct. VI. KjiaCHUH3M — KÍHeUb 18 ct. — 40 poKH 19 CT. VII. PoMaHTHKa -— Kment 20-x poKÍB — nonaTOK 60-x pokíb 19 CT. Vm. PeajiÍ3M — bíjx 60-x pokíb 19 ct. IIpeHCTaBHHKH i^ieľ Te^ií npainoBajiH 6e3nepepBHo ajK no peBojnoun'. IX. CHMBOJIÍ3M — no^iaTOK 20 CT. 21 Bace 6e3nocepe3Hbo nepeft peBOJiion,ieio 3apoflmiHca hobí HanpaMH, Hanp., (pyTypH3M. 3a peBOJiioun, nopyn näHÍBHHX Tenia peBO-jiioiííhhoí JiiTepaTypH, nocTac acnpaBa Tenia HeoKJiacHnH3My. 51k 3BHnaHHo 6yBae, BHnepnjiHBa xapaKTepHCTHKa HeflaBHix Tenia Mae BJiacTHBi TpyßHomi. 3 Ha3BaHHx TyT enox no rany 1 (hhb. §9) HajieacHTt enoxn 1, IV, VI, VIII Ta X, no THny 2: II, V, VII Ta IX. 3aKÍHHycMO BHKjiafl icTopii JiiTepaTypH b ijíh khh3Í poMaHTHKoio. JliTepaTypa ao6h pea-jii3My Ta MOflepHHx nopeajiicTHnHHx Tenia flyace ninpoKa Ta BHMa-raiHMe KHHrn Tanoro jk oßcary, aK i u.a. Tpeôa B3aTH Ha yBary, mp b MHHyjioMy, b HaScTapmi flOÔH, HejierKO bí;q;pÍ3hhth yKpai'HCbKi naM'aTKH Bia ômopycfeKHX. Eijio-pycBKHx naM'aTOK cnonaTKy HeÔaraTo. Ajie b 16 Ta Ha nonaTKy 17 ct. tí caMi TBopH, jiHuie 3piflKa b iHmoMy MoBHOMy 3a6apBjieHHÍ, HajieHcajiH so JiiTepaTypHoro penepryapy o6ox HapcfliB. Ornce, HaM BOBeaeTbca ao nonaTKÍB 17 ct. oÖroBopioBaTH meaiti 6iJiopycbKÍ TBopn, BÍH3HanaionH, fle n,e moskjihbo, ix ßijiopycbice noxojiJKeHHa. „^OICTOPiraiA £OBA" A. JJacepejia 1. HaöcTapiniHÖ maTOBaHHŮ cxíhhlocjiob^hcijKhh pyKonnc — OcxpoMHpoBa GBaHrejiia 1056 hh 1057 p. Ajie g nHMajio HejiaTOBaHHX naM'HTOK 11-12 ct. aßo tekhx, mp noxoHaTb 3 Uboro nacy, ajie ßifi-uiJiH 30 Hac jiHuie b nÍ3HÍiuHx cnHCKax. Po3yMÍGTbca, ne He HaäcTapiuii naM'aTKH. JXo KiiGBa nncbMo Ta JiiTepaTypna (nepKOBHO-cjioß'aHCbKa) MOBa npHHinjin, HaneBHe, 3 nonaiKOM xpncTHHHCTBa b kíhd;í 10 ct. Ajie 3HaeMo, 111,0 xphcthhhh öyjin b Khgbí BJKe me-caTHjiÍTTa nepefl thm — hochtb 3ra;n;aTH BapariB-xpncTHaH, 3aÖHTHX y nacH BojioflHMHpa, cb. KHarHHio Ojibry. Ilpn ôorocjiyjKÔi, aKinp BOHa He öyjia rpenbKa, MorjiH TOfti KopncTaTHca KHHraMH 3 Boji-rapii aßo MopaBii. Ajie ne npo n,io „ppicTopHHHy" floöy fi^e TyT MOBa. Khhth, mp npHHeceHi 6yjiH 3 nyacHHH, jie^Be hh MOJKHa Bifl-HecTH flo KHiBCbKoi jiÍTepaTypHo'i TpaflHnií. He g JíiTepaTyporo Ta-KOJK i nepeKJiaflH ßoroBopiß 3 rpenaMH 911 Ta 944 pp., mp 36eper-jiHca b JíiTonHcax. IJiKaBinioio g Ta ycHa Tpaflimia (He jirrepaTypa, a „cjiOBecHicTb"), Hapo^Ha noe3Ía, icHyBaHHa aKOÍ b toh nac npn-nycKajiH CTapi jipcjiiflHHKH Ta npimycKaGMo i mh. Tenep yaíe He Moace 6yTH S mobh npo Te, inp6 npo n,io CTapy cjiOBecmcTb Moaaia ôyjio mpcb neBHoro flOBi^aTHca, BHBnaionH cynacHy Hapo^Hy cjio- BeCHÍCTb, HK He pOÔHJlH pOMaHTHKH. 3 hobíhihx naciB (17, a ocoôjihbo 19 ct.), ani 3aJiHnmJiH HaM ojihhchí bíííomoctí npo Hapo^ny cjiOBecmcTb Ta Í3 cnocTepejKeHb Hafl HapoflHOK) CJIOBeCHÍCTIO HyJKHX HapOflÍB, MOJKHa 6a^HTH HK ÍHOfli XyTKO Ta ťpyHTOBHO nifl fliaHHaM pÍ3HHX KyjIbTypHHX BnjIHBÍB HapofflHa cjiOBecmcTb MOJKe 3MÍHK)BaTHca. A 3 xpHCTHaHCTBOM 30 KHGBa npHÔmjiH bhjihbh BÍ3aHTÍi, Bojirapii, nonacTH MopaBii. ToMy ghhhhh neBHHH nijiax flOBÍ,o;aTHca npo ycHy TpajiHniio nepeflxpncTH-aHCbKo'i Ta paHHbo'i xpHCTHaHCbKoí íhoôh — n,e uiyKaTH 3rap;oK npo Hei Ta peniTOK 11 b CTapiä jiiTepaTypi. 5Ik noßa^HMO, 3HaHfleM0 TyT i HeöaraTo, i He 3aBJKflH neBHe, ajie Te, mp 3HaÖ3eMo, neBHiuie, híjk raflaHHa CTapnx íctophkíb jiiTepaTypn. 2. He Jiňme cjioß'aHCbKa HapoRHa CjiOBecHicTb HaaejKHTb 30 „nepeflicTopHHHHx" ejieMeHTiB khibcbkoí JiiTepaTypn. KHH3ÍBCbKa 23 popíma, HpyjKHHa, neBHi mícbkí KyneubKi KOJia 6yjiH CKaH^iHaB-cbKoro („Bapa3tKoro") noxoflnceHHa. HaM ßoöpe BifloMa CKaHfli-HaBCbKa noe3ia JiHine 3 nÍ3HÍnioľ floön. B khibclkíh JíiTepaxypi 3HaS-fleMo nopy*i ^ejieMeHTÍB cjiob'hhclkoi cjiobcchocth ejieMeHTH CJIOBeCHOCTH BapH3bK0Í', MOJKe HäBÍTb i aKHXOCb (hKOK) MOBOIO?) jíiTepaTypHHx 3anHcÍB 10-11 ct.; i nen MaTepiaji Tpe6a TaKOJK Mara Ha yBa3Í. JXo pěni, He 3aBJK3n MOJKHa 6yTH neBHHMH, mo tí jíiTepa-TypHi ejieMeHTH, ani e i b khibcbkíh i b CKaHamaBCbKio JíiTepaTypi, no3H^eni Khgbom bí^ BapariB. I Baparn i cjioB'aHH HajieacaTb ro ,,ÍHflo-eBponennÍB", oTJKe, MOHíHa npnnycKaTn, mp cnijibHi JíiTepa-TypHÍ ejieMeHTH i tí i flpyri MorjiH flicTaTH 3 cnijibHoi „ÍH^o-eBpo-nencbKoi np6n". Ha Taity MOJKJiHBicTb Tpeöa 3BaacaTn; o^Hane, fljia Hocjii^HíeHb y UbOMy HanpaMi me HeMac peajibHHx MOHCJiHBOCTeů. B. Cmpa napo^Ha cjioBecHicTb 1. .ZJeaKi 3raaKH npo CTapy HapoflHy cjioBecHicTb, mp bcjihkoio MipoK) me He ni^najia ni^ BnjiHB xpncraaHCTBa, 3Haxoř(HMo b Haä-CTapiiHOMy Hiapi jíiTepaTypn. Ha ÖijIbHliCTb UHX SraflOK HÍHoro He mac, KpiM ^,OKa3y, mp toh a6o toh ťaiyHOK HapoflHoi no-e3i'i Brne icHyBaB. HeMac cyMHÍBy, inp cjioB'aHH, 3onpeMa cxí^hí, me nepea npno-HaTTaM xpHCTHaHCTBa m a jih aKicb cniBH Ta aKycb My3HKy. Ajie 3ra^KH npo ne jinnie CKyni xa cyMHÍBHi. B He^HCJieHHHx 3raflKax npo „cnÍBii;ÍB" saBJKßn MaiOTb Ha yBa3Í cniBijiB eni^Hnx niceHb, CnÍBnÍB „npnflBOpHHX", KHA3ÍBCbKHX aÖO flpyíKHHHHX. 3raflKH cxifl- híx MaH,p;pÍBHHKÍB (I6h <£aajiaH) — HeneBHi, 6o flyjKe cyMHÍBHO, mp ca&ie cjioB'aH bíh onncyc an „pyciß". JliTonnc, Majnoionn noraH-cbKe JKHTTa cjioß'aH, a nÍ3HÍme pÍ3HÍ nponoBi^HHKn, 3raAyiOTb ,,irpaHÍa i njiaeama" Tomp, ajie bcí bohh HÍnoro He roBopaTb npo nicHÍ, KpiM Knpnjia TypiBCbKoro, inp roBopnTb npo „nicHi 6ícob-CbKi", Ta „CjioBa HÍKocro XpncTOjnoßna" (pyKonnc 14 ct. ajie TBip, 6e3yMOBHO, CTapimnö), ae 3raaaHo „CBiTCbKi nicHi". 3ranyGTbca My3HKy *iopTÍB (onoBi^aHHa npo IcaaKia, ahb I. B. 3); My3HKy npn KHA3ÍBCbKOMy flBopi — (jkhtíg <ř>eoAOCia), íhorí My3HKy B3arajii, ajie HH MOíKHa 6yTH neBHHM, inp b ycix n.nx BHnamnax fine MOBa npo cjioB'aHCbKy h a p o m h y My3HKy ? 3raflKa npo neKejibHy My-3HKy MOHce 6yTH no3nneHa 3 BÍ3aHTÍncbKnx 3pa3KÍB, ^BipcbKa My-3HKa b Khgbí TaKOHC Morjia 6yTH BÍ3aHTÍHCbKoro noxoflHceHHa. He MacMo Mannte híhkiíx KOHKpeTHnx Bi^oMocTen npo Hapo^Hy nicHio aJK 30 16-17 ct., KOJín 1571 p. ^ecbKnň yneHnn ČIh BjiarocjiaB 3aH0Tyc nicHio npo GreťpaHa BoGBony (ajie nicHa na, 6e3yMOBHO, g 3 KpaÔHboro 3axi,D(Hboro KopflOHy yKpaÍHCbKOÍ TepHTopii), Ta 1625 pony, KOJiH 7Í3bohobci>khh apyKyc memo npo K03aica ILnaxTy. 2. /Jeinp HHTaeMO npo oôpa^OBÍ nicm, ajie nepe^ycÍM npo Táni, hkí xoh ^acTKOBo 3B'a3am 3 xpHCTHHHCTBOM. JXe, HacaMnepefl, - kojih^kh. Ajie, 3H0By, 3raflKH b nponoBijnax Ta íhuiíh Jih-epaTypi ne roBopíiTt acHo npo KOJia;n;KH-nicHÍ, a jinme npo CBaTKyBaHHa Kojiaan. Ilepina JicHima 3ra^Ka (1166) HOBropo^CbKoro noxom>KeH-HH. monpaBfla, b cynacHHX KOJia^Kax ôaraTo npaCTapnx ejieMeHTÍB: 3rap;KH npo IJapropoa, npo BHKyn oöJioHceHoro MÍCTa, npo „pyöamia MicTa" (jiiTonKCHHH xaH nojioBen;ř.KHH Bohhk 3ÔHpaBca „pyôaTn" KniBCbKi ,,3ojiotí BopoTa"). SycTpi^acMo CTapi cjioBa, aK na boji o k h (uiobkh) Ta HcyKOBHHH (Kaöjiy^Kn) Tomp. Ajie Bce n,e MaÖHce He bhbo3,hti> Hac no3a MeiKÍ BH3HaHHa Jinnie cpaKTy, mp hkícb (ajie hh no^iôm 30 cy^acHHx?) „kojih^kh" icHyBajín Bace b nepuiHX aecaTHjiÍTTjix nicjia npmiHaTTa xpHCTHHHCTBa, Ta MaöyTb, MajiH b co6i aoxpHCTHHHCbKi ejieMeHTH. IHe MeHnie aaHnx npo „pyeajiii": 3raflaHo íx b ypHBKy nponoBi^i ,,0 Kapax Eojkhíx", aKy BCTaBjíeHo b jiiTonnc nip; p. 1068, aJie i TyT MOBa ňfte npo CBHTKy-BaHHH „pycajiiS", a He npo nicm npn nbOMy CBHTKyBaHHi. JliTonnc 13 ct. 3raayc „Kynajii'i", ajie ayate 3arajibH0. — MoatHa öa^iHTH HaTaK Ha BecijibHi nicHi b jihctí BojioflHMHpa MoHOMaxa (Kment 11 ct.), hkhíi xo*ie 3 b^oboio cBoro CHHa „nonjiaKaTn" „3aMÍCTb ni-ceHb" nia ■yac ľf „Becijijia Ta BimiaHHa" (hhb. I. J\. 4), ajie i TyT m;e MOHceMo cyMHÍBaTHca, mii He fi^e Tyr MOBa npo ptBipctKy My3HKy BÍ3aHTÍocí.Koro noxoflHíeHHa. Cynacm 3BH*iai' Ta nicm yKpaiHCbKoro jiiofly, a TäKO>K 3HažoMÍ HaM 3BH*iai mjiaxeTCbKi 16-17 ct. cBi^HaTb npo Te, mp ôaraTo ejieMeHTÍB Hapopnx BecijibHHx 3BHHaiB, 6yjiH b CTapi nacH BjiacHicTio TaKonc i b h m; o í BepcTBH: i tí 3BHHai, inp HaraayiOTb npo 3axonjieHHa HapeHeHoi chjiomíui,, i cjiob-hhk BecijibHHx niceHb (KHa3b, ôoapn, apyjKHHa, MeM, CTpiJín Tomp), aawTB ocHOBy HJia npimyiupHb, inp cynacHHH BecijibHHH pHTyaji, pa30M Í3 nicHaMH nonacTH nepeňinoB j\o Hapo^y Biß bhujex BepcTB cTapoi KHa3ÍBCL>Koi aoÔH. Ajie HÍHoro neBHoro npo BecijibHÍ nicm KHa3ÍBCbKoi floÔH Ha niflCTaBÍ cy^acHHx niceHb CKa3aTH He MoacHa. 3. BHnaflKOBO npo ojmy cpopMy oôpaflOBoi CTapoí noe3Íí 3ra-flyeTbca 6araTO, a caine npo „njiam"; ne BjiacHe He nicm, a pHT-MÍ30BaHÍ rojiocÍHHa Haa noMepjiHMH. Ajie i TyT CBiflneHHa aocHTb CKyni, a Haiuiimni jiÍTepaTypHi HacjiiayBaHHa njianÍB, MaeMo 3 nÍB-Hom. He 3BHHaÔH0 — 3raaKH jiÍTonncy npo Te, mp po^HHa, apy-HíHHa Ta Hapofl „raiaKajinca" no CMepTÍ KHa3a. Tpeöa cKa3aTH, m;o i iíí 3raflKH ne i^Íjikom nepeKOHJiHBÍ, 60 yBancHe hocjií-flHíeHHa noKa3yc, mp BHpa3 „njiaKaTHca" — Tpaji.Hu.iÖHa cpopMyjia, aKoi JiiTonHci^i BJKHBaiOTb, mo6 3MajiK)BäTH 3arajibHHÔ íKaJib 3a 25 noMepjiHM. TaK, onoBiaaiOHH npo cMepTb l3'acjiaBa McTHCjiaBOBiraa (1154), JiÍTonncenb 3raayc npo njia*i ,,*iopHHX KJioôyKÍB" (ceÖTO TiopKCbKoro Hapoay 3 IlepeacjiaBCbKoro KHa3ÍBCTBa), b onoBiaamd npo CMepTb BojioßHMHpa BacHJibKOBH^a 1288 p. cepea thx, xto „njiaKaBca" 3a KHH3eM, 3raaaHo HÍMnÍB Ta jkhaíb — Jiease hh ny-SKHHiti BHrojiomyBajiH Haa TpyHoio khíí3h cjiob'hhcbkí „njia-HÍ"-rojiocÍHHH. 3raňKH npo Te, mp „bcí jnoan" njiaicajiHca Haa OjieroM (hkhh, MOJKe, noMep y CKaHaÍHaBÍ*i!), mo Ojibra „njiaita-jiaca" 3a cboím hojiobíkom, mo CHH Ta BHyKH „njiaKajiHCfl" Haa OjibroK), 3aneceHÍ ao JiÍTonncy (nia pp. 912, 945, 969) nÍ3HÍine, bjkg b xpncTHHHCbKy ao6y- BojioaHMHp MoHOMax xone 3 yaoBOK) CBoro CHHa íioro „onjiaKaTH"; ne Btfce Tpoxn oíjibiu nepeKOHjiHBe, xo*i yBecb TBip MoHOMaxiB — TBip jiiTepaTypHHH, noBHim o6pa3ÍB: na caMa HeBÍCTKa MoHOMaxa Mae „cícth, hk rojiyÖKa na cyxoMy ae-peßi" Tomp — to MoiKHa n,e po3yMÍTH aocjiiBHo? „ILnaicaTHca" ÍHoai 3Ha^HTb „B3HTH yiacTb b noxopoHÍ" (1154). Ihuií 3raaKH npo „onjiaKyBaHHH" khh3Íb Ha3HBaiOTb nopy^ n,boro „oôhhhí nicm", ceÔTo n,epKOBHÍ noxopoHHi cnißn. I, po3yMÍGTbca, „jiinuii MyMci BojioaHMnpcbKi", ceÔTo öoapn, jieaBe hh BHrojioniyBajín Haa TpyHOio KHH3a BojioanMHpa BacHJibKOBH^ia „rojiociHHa", ani BCioan Bnro-jiouiyiOTb He hojiobíkh, a íkíhkh. Be3yMOBHHM a°Ka30M icHyBaHHa HapoaHHX ,,njiaHÍB" g Jimue HacjiiayBaHHa íx y CTapifi jiiTepaiypi: ,,CKa3aHÍG" npo 3a6irrTa KHa3ÍB Bopnca Ta Tjiioa BKJiaaaG b ycTa EopucoBÍ 3BopyuiJiHBHÍi njiaH Haa ôaTbKOM BojioaHMnpoM Bcjihkhm, a TjiiooBi noaiôHHH njiaq Haa aoJieio 3aÓHToro Eopnca. 3a jiÍTonHcoM KHa3b HponojiK 3 apy>KHHOK> „njiaHeTbca" 3a bShthm KHa3eM l3'acjiaBOM 1078 p., mobjmhh: „6aTbKy, ôaTbKy míh! jkhb th 6e3 nenajii Ha nbOMy cbítí, CTijibKH HanacTeä npmiHaBníH Bia Hapoay Ta 6paTÍB cbo'íx? . . " ^aabKO KnÍBCbKoro KHa3a l3'acjiaBa McTHCJiaBOBH^a (BMep 1154), BanecjiaB TypoBCbKHH „njia^eTbca" Haa hhm: „CHHy! n,e 6yjio 6 moc Micne, ajie mo Mo^ceMO 3poÖHTH npoTH Bora? . . " „Jlinmi MyjKÍ BojioaHMHpcbKi" „nJianyTbca" Haa BojioaHMHpoM BacmibKOBHHeM: „aoôpe ôyjio 6 HaM, naHe, BMepTH 3 to6ok> .. . Tenep, naHe, ne MoaceMo Te6e B^Ke ôanHTH, Bjice Hanie coHne HaM 3aäinjio, i mh 3a-jiHiHHJiHca b HemacTÍ". B „Cjiobí o nojiKy Iropeßi" 3HaxoaHMo 3raaKH npo „njia*ť' „pycbKnx jkíhok": „Bm,e HaM mhjihx cbo'íx hojiobíkíb aHi raaKOK) 3raaaTH, ani ayMoio 3ayMaTH, am o^HMa noöa^HTH... "; TaM caMe 3raaaH0 i njian MaTepi BTOHyjioro kh. PocTHcjiaBa Ha „TeMHOMy 6epe3i" (1093), 3raaaHo npo neä „njia^" i b jiÍTomici. B Cjiobí", Hapeurri g i cjiaBeThhö njian KHaruHÍ HpocjiaBHH. IIo-piBHaHHa 3 HapoaHHMH njia^aMH, 3anncaHHMH b 19 ct., noKa3yc, m;o ae^Ki pněn noeTHKH „njia^iB" 3ajiHuiHJiHca npoTaroM cTopin tí 26 cairi: 3ra#KH npo BTpaneHy Jiioöy jnoflHHy (cepefl nopiBHSHt 3Ha- XOflHMO Í flOci nOpÍBHHHHH nOMepjIOrO 3 COHUeM), BHCJIOBH ÔaJKaHHH BMepTH 3aMicTB He'i a6o pa30M 3 Heio, 3raflKn npo Bee 3 noMepjiHM BTpaneHe floöpo, nepeöijibineHe 3MajibOByBaHHa CBoro HenjacjiHBoro CTaHy. — ni3HÍuii 3ra^KH npo yicpamcbiri (a6o öijiopycbid) nJiani MaGMo b MeHenja (1551), ajie HaBeflem hhm y JiäTHHCbKOMy TBopi KijibKa peneHb, He SBaacaio^H Ha áoro 3aneBHeHHa, He „pycbKi", a nojibCbKi, Ta b jiaTHHCbKOMy HacjiiflyBaHHi yicpaiHCbKoro njiany KjibOHOBHMa (1584). Bei n;i 3raflKH flOBoflHTb 6e3nepepBHÍcTb Tpa-flHn.ii cTapnx njianiB. B 19 ct. „nJiaKajra" He jranie Hafl noMepjiHMH, a h Hafl peKpyTaMH, Hafl 3ropijioio xaTOio toiik). mpcb nofliÖHe, 3fla-eTbCH, 6yjio Bace i b CTapi nacH. B ycHKOMy pa3i jiiTonnceub, 3ra-flyiOHH npo Te, aK Bojioahmhp BeJiHKHÖ HaKa3aB Haönpara fliTeä flo hikíji, 3raflye i npo Te, m,o „MaTepi ík fliTeií niix njiaKajiHca 3a HHMH... HK 3a MepTBHMH" (988). UmaBo, mp neBHi BiflryKH noe3ÍI njianiB — 3BepTaHHH flo noMepjinx Tomo — 3ycTpinaeMo i b npo-noBiflHX aôo TBopax pejiiriÖHoro cthjikk b nponoBiflax IJiapioHa Ta KnpHJia TypiBCbKoro (njian EoropoflHíji), b KHGBO-IIeHepcbKOMy IlaTepHKy (njian ueTpa-JiiKapa), b TajiniĺbKOMy jiiTonnei (1288), cepefl niflHeceHHx, nncaHHX rjepitoBHoio moboio pafliciB. íle, no neB-Ho'i Mipn, poÔHTb cyMHiBHHM caMe noxofljKeHHH njianiB. Iljiani ic- HyBajIH i B BÍ3aHTÍÍ, TO HH He npHHHIJIH BOHH flO BJKHTKy BHHK>Í KHiBCbKoi BepcTBH 3BÍflTÍjiH, a noTÍM po3noBcioflHjiHCb i cepefl Ha-pofly? OTJKe, h,í bhhhtkobo fleTajibHi bíaomoctí npo CTapi njiani 3ajiHinaK>Tb Micne cyMHiBaM, mh Tyr aíhcho MaGMo peniTKH cyTO- C JI O B' H H C b K O 1 CTapOBHHH. pe^i, ,,njia*ri" 3HaXOflHMO i B Biöjiii (JíaBHfl Hafl ABecajioMOM Ta HoHaTaHOM) Ta b anoKpmpax (njian Ahhh b „GBaHrejin IflKOBa"). 4. MOHtHa BCTaHOBHTH 3 neBHOK) HMOBÍpHÍCTK) TeMH CTapHX eniHHHX TBopiB. (flHB. I. Ta II. JX). Ajie npo (p o p m y cTaporo enocy He MoaceMo CKa3aTH mnoro neBHoro. B HboMy, hmobípho, cnojiynem ÔyjiH ejieMeHTH cJiOB'aHCbKi, cKaHfliHaBCbKi Ta BÍ3aHTÍS- CbKÍ - BHflijIHTH H,Í ejieMeHTH, u\o6 BHflOÖyTH peHITKH „flOÍCTO- Phhhí" — HejierKo. TeMaTHKa floxpHCTHHHCbKo'i enoxn nonacTH 3Ôe-perjiaca b cynacHOMy HapoflHOMy enoei (Ojier, Ojibra), nonacTH b jiiTonHcax (Poraifla, cMepTb Ojiera). B HapoflHOMy enoei nacTO 3ÖepiraiOTbca TeMH Hafl3BHHaHHoi CTapOBHHH. TaK y ,,Cjiobí o nojiKy Iropeßi" 3raflyK>Tbca roTCbKi nicm npo „nac Byciß". „Byc" — ne, Maôyrb, Kopojib Ahtíb Boo3, anoro nepeMorjín ťOTH b 4 ct.. Orace nepeKa3 npo Byca flo naeiß „Cjioßa" fliôuiOB 3a 900 pokíb! 5. MaGMo me fleaKi, po3MipHO pacHi peniTKH CTapoi HapoflHoí cjioBecHocTH: npHCJiiß'a Ta npnnoBiflKH. Iii flOTenHi cpopMyjra 3y_ CTpinaGMo b jiiTonncax Ta b fleaKHx íhiuhx naM'aTKax KHH3ÍECbKof 27 flo6n. PÍ3HHM ocoöaM, npH pÍ3HHX Haroflax npimHcyiOTb jiiTonHcni TaKÍ BHpa3H, HK „HKHKJ BOBK nOBaflHTbCa flO OBeUb, TO BHHOCHTb ycK» OTapy", „CMepTb cnijibHa yciai", „PycH ecTb Becejine hhth, He MOMceM 6e3 Toro 6hth (Öyrn)", „He nepemaBHBniH ôshcíji, Me^ry ne icth", „MepTßi copoMy He MaiOTb", a6o JiÍTonHcn,i BjKHßaiOTb caMi TaKHX BHpa3ÍB, HK „nOKH KaMlHb nOHHe nJiaBaTH, a XMÍJIb TOHyTH". XapaKTepHCTHHHi npHnoBi^KH, npHCßanem oKpeMHM HapoaaM, míc-TaM toiho. Hanp., npo nÍBHÍHHo-cjioB'aHCbKÍ jia3Hi roBopHTbca: ,,ce TBopaTb MOBeHHG, a ne MyneHHG" (než BHpa3 npraiHcycTbca b jiíto-nnci an. Ahhpígbí). A6o: 6i.ua, aK y Pojmi", „nima-niji öiraiOTb ßifl BoBHoro XßocTa"*. TaKi npnnoBi^KH icHyBajiH mp 30 Toro, aK ix jiiToiiHceub no3aHOCHB flo JÜToiracy. TnnoBe hjih hhx g Te, iqo BOHH, aK n,e B3arajii nacTO öyßac 3 npHCJiiß'aMH Ta npHnoßi,iiKaMH, g hí6h 3rymeHHaM, CKOHneHTpoBaHHHM njjioro onoßiflaHHa. Hanp., npo CTaHOBHine HacejieHHa b Po,h;hí npn o6jio3í ii, npo nepeMory BOGBOflH Ha iM'a Bob^ihh Xbíct Haa Pa^HMH^aMH Ha pinn,i nimaHifi Tomo. npo icHyßaHHa npHCJiiB'iB Ta npnnoBiflOK cBiflnaTb i TaKÍ TpoxH nÍ3HÍmi npHKJiaflH, aK „PoMaHe, PoMaHe, He ßoöpe HiHBeni, JIhtbok» opeui" npo PoMaHa rajranbKoro. Ajie, flOßoßHHH HaM icHyßaHHa nboro jiiTepaTypHoro raTyHKy b cTapi nacn, npn-noßiflKH Ta npHCJiiß'a, aKi mh 3ycTpinaGMo b CTapiö jiiTepaTypi (Hanp., 36ipHHK 1076 p., „MojiemiG .ZJamiijia" toiuo), jiHiue b MajiiŘ ^íacTHHi opnťiHajibHi. íx oxone nepeÖMajra 3 nyíKHHH Ta HaßiTb nepeKJiaaajiH 3 nyjKHx mob. TaK cjiaBH03BÍCHe „nornöoina, aKH 06pe", MaöyTb, necbKoro noxoaHceHHa. (ahb. EKCKypc I, JX. 4). A cepefl TaKHX cynacHHx npHCJiiB'iB Ta npnnoBÍ,npK, npo hkí HaM i He CHHTbca, mo BOHH He g BHHBOM „HapoflHoi MyflpocTH" (aK ne BBaíKajiH poMáHTHKH), 3HaHfleMo HHMäjio TaKHx, mo g npocTo ne-peKJiaflaMH 3 rpenbKoro. JXo TaKHX Hajie>KaTb, Hanp., „BOBica Horn roayiOTb", ,,3a flBOMa 3aöi^HMH ... ", ,,nec Ha cíhí", „He Majia 6a6a KJionoTy, Ta Kynnjia nopoca", „mokphh Momy ne 6oÍTbca", „nTH^e MOJioKo", a6o „noBHHHoi tojiobh Men ne cine" (3ra;n,yG In. IIotíh p. 1599) i t. fl. Bei qi npHCJiiB'a npn noBepxoBOMy norjia^i jierKO MOHíHa 6yjio 6 yBaHcara 3a npacTapi yKpamcbKi. Po3yMÍGTbca, me öijibuie npHCJiiB'iB 3 xpHCTHHHCbKHM 3a6apBjieHHHM g rpenbKoro noxoflíKeHHa — Hanp., ,,i nopToßi Tpeöa CBi^ncy 3anajiHTHM, mp b 19 ct. flajia TeMy fljia ,,cniBOMOBKH" Py^aHCbKoro. HaßiTb Tam, 3flaßajioca 6, tmiobí ,,yKpa"ÍHCbKÍ" npHCJiiB'a, aK ,,h3hk flo KncBa flOBe^e" aôo ,,3 MocKajieM apyacn ..." g CTapHMH nepeKJia^aMH 3 rpen,bKoro, Jinnie Khíb nocTaBjíeHo 3aMÍCTb Hapropo^y, a MocKajia — 3aMÍCTb nca. A60, Hanp., Max. Poro3a b jihctí 3 p. 1593 3ra- *) Im'H BOSBOflH, HK nOHCHWG JIÍTOnHC. 28 jryc: „KOMy iiokjiohhthcji 3aBTpa, Toro ctoroßm ne rHÍBn", mp e BapiHHTOM cTaporo Ta cynacHoro ,,He njiioä b kphhhuio, 3ro.nnTi.ca HanHTHca", mp Tem nepeKjia^ena 3 rpeubKoro. IIpoTe, MaTepiaji HOBonHTb, mp npHCJiiß'a Ta npnnoBinKH icHy-BajiH me nepes npiriiHaTTaM xpHCTHaHCTBa. JliTonHc nepeKOHye Hac TaKOJK i b TOMy, mp i'x „noeTHKa" ôyjia Brne To;n;i Ta caMa, mp ň Tenep: KopoTKa (popaiyjia, nado 3 CHHTaKCHHHHM napajiejiÍ3MOM 060X noJiOBHH, ^acTO 3 ajiÍTepau;ieio a6o phmoio: ,,mob6hhg: :Myne-hhg", „nHTH: :6hth", ajie BCTaHOBHTH, aid caMe npHCJiiß'a Ta npn-noBiflKH icHyBajiH ine flp nproÍHaTTa xpHCTHaHCTBa, jieflBe hh MOJKJIHBO. 6 OKpeMHM ťaTyHKOM HapOflHO'í CJIOBeCHOCTH G „3aKJiaTTa", (3aM0BaaHHa), ,,3aroBÍp". HeMae cyMHißy, mp Mariím 3aKJiaTTa icHyBajiH b cxinmx cjioB'aH me b nepe^xpucTHaHCbicy Aoôy. lipo ne CBi^qaTb t,3aKjiaTTa", 3aHeceHi b „^oroBopn" Pyci 3 rpeKaMH 907, 949, Ta 971 pp. B nepuiORiy 3aHOTOBaHo, mp „Myad" Oaera npnca-rajiH ,,no PycbKOMy 3aK0Hy" 36pocio, IlepyHOM Ta Bojiocom; b £py-roMy po3noBÍp;aGTbca Bace acmine, mp Pycb CKJiajjajia cbokd 36poio Ta npHcaraaa HOTpHMyBaTH yMoBH nproBopy, a xto rjboro He bh-KOHyBaTHMe, toh „BapTHH BMepTH bí^ BJiacHo'i 36po'i"; b TpeTbOMy g noBHHH TeKCT npHcarn, aica cnojiy^ieHa ôyjia 3 3aKJiaTTaM: „aionp MH He noTpHMacMo nonepeny CKa3aHoro... to ôy^eMO npoKjiaTi 6oroM, b aKoro BipycMO, b IlepyHa i b Bojioca, 6ora xynpöH, i xaä 3poÖHMOca jkobtí, aK 30JI0T0, i 6yp;eMo nocinem BjiacHoio 3ÔpoGio." Ha JKaJiB, ne ,,3aKJiaTTa", MaôyTb, He cjioß'aHCbKe, a Bapa3bKe, a 30 Toro opuriHaji ňoroBopy 6yB rpenbKHň, TaK iup MacMo b tckctí HoroBopy b jiiTonHci nepeKJia^; 3 rpen,BKoi, aKHä nepe^ac JiHine 3MÍCT 3aKJiflTTa, a He fioro 30Bhíihhio (popMy. 7. JJ,o (popMaabHHX ejieMeHTiß nepe,nxpHCTHaHCbKoi HapoflHoi noe3Íí, HH jiiniiie Kascyra, „noeTHHHoi mobh" HajieacHTb, MaóyTb, nacTHHa THX rapHHx (popMyji, ani 3ycTpmacMo b JiiTonncax Ta Haň-CTapiiuHx TBopax KHiBCbKoi jiiTepaTypH. Hanp., npo nepeMoaina-KHa3a roBopHTbca, inp bíh noBepHyBca ,,3 noöifloio Ta cJiaBoio se- JIHKOK>", „3 nOXBaJIOIO BejIHKOH)", npo MHp MĎK KHa3aMH - „MaiH MHp a JII060B"; npo nonaiOK 6010 — ,,cTar nocTaBHTn" Ta „cnnc 3Jio-mhth" (Kon'G í3jiomhth", ceÖTo KHHyTH cnnca,* a mo MyciB nepuiHH *)IIoaí6hí 3BHHa'i — KHflaTH cnnc a6o íhihhh npe^MeT (Hanp. oöropijiy rajiy3Ky ^epesa) MaeMo b CTapiň Tpa^imii pi3HHX iHAoeßponeöcbKHx HapofliB. y BapnriB nepe# Ghtboío KH^ajiH b HanpaMi BopojKoro BiňCbKa Cime, y phmjihh, me 3a qaciB iMnepaTopcbKHx (no P. X.), nepefl BiöcbKOBOK) BunpaBOto, oahh i3 jKepijiB (pater patratus) KKflaB bmohghhh y KpoB cnHc y „ly^cy 3eMjiK>". TLop,i6ue onoBiflae LUnepoH npo 3BHHaI pHMCbKoro nJieMeHH — caMHixiB, hkí nepeA 6ht-bok) KH^aJiH cnncH, n^o He BJKHBajiHCH b 6htbí, iH^ycH KHflajiH noHafl tojiobh BoporiB oSropijiy rajiy3b. G HaTHKH Ha icHyßaHHH noAiÖHHx 3bhtoib y nepciB, KejibTis, jihtobi^íb Ta rpeKiB. 3flaeTbCH y cjiob'hh sejihiuhbch rteň 3BHiafi. 29 3poÖHTH KHH3B — rapHe onoBißaHH« jiiTöiiiioy Hirt y. 946); npo CTapicTb Ta HaÖJiHJKeHHH cMepTH — „chhíth Ha caHHx", — Ha ca-Hax Be3jiH aöo Hec jih xoBaxH noMepjiHx, HaBÍTt i jiítom, Ha ,,cami" caflJKajiH tux, XTO BMHpaB, Hanp., cb. 4>eoflocia Ha BejiHKSeHB (jii-ToiiHC p. 1074)! JIk ÖanHMo b TaKHx (popMyjiax tocto ,,3ryineHo" 3MÍCT aKoroct 3BHHaio. ZteaKi (popMyjin Ha;n3BH*iaHH0 THnoBÍ. Hanp., BiaMOBJiaiOHHCa BHHTH 3aMÍJK 3a BOJIOflHMHpa BejiHKoro, CHHa Ojib-JKHHOÍ kjhohhhd;í, Poraifla KaiKe: ,,He xo^y pos3yTH poÖH^nraa", 60 30 BecijiBHoro oöpa^y HajieJKajio po33yBaHHa nojiOBÍKa (3a repMaH-CBKOK) npaBHoio CHMBOJIÍKOK) — po33yBaHHa osHa^ajio nifljiaramiH TOMy, Koro po33yBaK>Ti.). ITpaBHHH 3MÍCT Mae i noflHByriHHHÖ bh-poK BojioHHMHpa BojiHHCLKoro (nifl p. 1288 y rajiHUBKOMy jiíto-nnci), mo npocHB CBoro ÖpaTa McTHCJiaBa He ftaßaTH HeöojKeßi KDpießi HaBiTt „bIxth cojiomh". CoJioMa sa npaBHoio chmbojiíkoio 3aKpinjiioBajia npaßo (ßißcijia cynacHe HÍKOMy He 3po3yMÍjie: ,,cHJia i cojiOMy jiomhtb"). 3BHHai, Ha aKHX 6a3yiOTBca n.i (popivryjra no-^lacTH repMaHCbKoro (ßapa3BKoro) noxonnceHHa, ajie (popMyjra HÍHIUJIH flo Hac cjioB'aHCBKoio MOBOK), OTHce HaJieacajiH BJKe 30 CKapöy cjioB'aHCBKoi noeTH^Hoi mobh. Xo^, npaß^a, He 3aBÄ^;n MOJKHa 6yTH neBHHM Toro, m;o Ta hh Ta (popMyjia cjioß'aHCBKa, a He noTpannjia flo JiiTonncy arc nepeKJiafl. Hanp., kojih roBopHTBca npo KHH3a, mo BepTaGTBca 3 bíhcbkobo'í BHnpaBH — „yTep cjií3" Ta ,,yTep nora" (,,yTep noTa 3a PycBKy 3eMJiio") — to ne g npaMHH nepeKJiafl rpentKoro BHpa3y. 8. Be3yMOBHO, ho CKapöiß noeTHHHHX o6pa3ÍB HajieHcaTB i tí Bipy-BaHHa Ta yaBjieraa, iu,o 3acBÍHHeHÍ b cTapin jiiTepaTypi, Hanp., mp conne Ta MicanB niji; ^ac 3aTeMHeHHa xtocb ,,3'í;n;a6" (3míh bobk?), npo „HaBHG" — MepTBaKÍB, mp MOJKyTB ^ochtl aKTHBHO BTpy^aTHca b 3eMHe JKHTTH (nanp., ,,6hth" jkhbhx), npo „BHphi", 3 aKoro npn-jiiTaiOTB nTaxH, npo „aepeH", an chmboji npaBa (Hanp., nonaTOK Ho nepeKJiaHHoro „CjioBa" rpnropia Ha3iaHCBKoro — pyKonnc 3 11 ct.). y aeaKHX BimaflKax, BHXoaaHH 3 nÍ3HÍninx SBH^aiB (Hanp., „Moropn^i", m;o, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, g CTapnM 3BH*iaGM, mp BiflnoBiaaG repMäHCBKOMy litkouf; „napy6on,BKÍ rpoMa^H" 3 Ix bíhcbkoboio chmbojiíkoio, UJO G peiUTKaMH flpyJKHHHHX 3BH^a'ÍB, TOIHO), MOJKHa 3HaäTH b HHx CTape „nepeaxpHCTHaHCBKe". MoMCHa ôyjio 6, aK np i poÔHJioca He pa3, HaBecTH ine öaraTo npiinyineHB npo CTapOBHHHÍ ejieMeHTH b cy^acHiö Hapoania noe3ií, e cynacHHX 3BHHaax, Tomp. Ajie mh ni^xo/mMo flo MaTepiajiy Kpn-THHHO. H.K öa^HMo, 3 CTapol jiiTepaTypn, He HOBÍflacMoca öaraTo npo CTapoBHHHy cjiOBecnicTb. MoHíHa Jinnie CKa3aTH, inp toh a6o íhiuhh ťaTynoK HapoflHoí noe3Íi icHyBaB yjKe b CTapoBHHy. ,ZJa-jieKo MeHine flOBÍRycMoca npo Soro cthjib, a npo ßijibinicTB *) 3a hobíuihmh flOCjiiflHceHHHMH ix HaňoiJibiiie 2-3 flecHTKH, Ta fi to ne-peBasKHo pi^KHX, noqacTH B»ce BTpaqeHHx moboio. 31 Biß HesKHBoi icTOTH, npo inp íloro Bace Hanepefl nepecrepirajiH (orhh THHe Bifl MepTBoro Benpa, nopaHHBiiiHCH fioro 3y6oM, minmí — ßifl 3py6aHoro flepeBa, HaKOJioBiuHca TpicKoio, mp mninä — Bifl CTaTyi jieBa, mp B fioro naini 3axoßaBca CKopnioH, Toinp). — HanöjnDKHe flo JiereHflH npo Ojiera onoßiflaHHa b „Eflfli". IcjiaHflCbKa „Eflfla" nepeflac ne onoBiflaHHa b flajieKo p o 3 BHHe h i iniii cpopMi: napiß-ram;a nanpopoKyBajia repoeßi ntoro onoBiflaHHa Oaobí, m,o bíh no-Mpe Bifl rafliOKH, inp „ßjincHe 3 cTaporo nepena KeTy (innpoTa fioro, Ka3KOBÍ ejieMeHTH jKHTTa Ofla), ajie boho ripnie i K0Mno3Hn,ÍHHo. Tofli, ak y jiíto-nnci nHTan aac flo ocTaHHboro peneHHa He 3Hac, aK Moace 36yTnca npopou,TBO (60 kíhl yace He HíHBe), b „Eflfli" 3 caMoro nonamy roBopHTtca, inp npnHHHoio CMepTH ôyfle He kíhb, a rafliOKa b éoro nepeni. 3fliöcHeHHa npoponrBa HecnoflißaHe Jinnie TOMy, mo Ofl rjiHÔOKO 3aKonaB Tpyn KOHa. OTSce, hkiľ;o CJioß'aHH flificHo no3H-HHJiH nepeKa3 y BapariB, to bía hkoícb CTapimoY (popMH, híjk Ta, mo nepeflaHa b „Eflfli". JtpyrHM onoBiflaHHaivr, mo MaG cKaHflmaBCbKy napajiejiio, g onoBiflaHHa npo neTBepTy noMCTy Ojitrn flepeBJíaHaM, ani 3a6njiH 11 HOJioBiKa. Ojibra o6jio>KHJia mícto flepeBjíaH Ickopoctíhb, ajie ni-cjia poKy 6e3ycniuiHoi oojiorn, nonpocHJia y MeuiKaHij,ÍB jimne „Ma-Jioi flaHHHn", no Tpn rojiyÔH Ta no Tpn ropo6n,i Bifl flBopy. Jlp nranb npHB*a3yioTb cipKy i, 3anaJiHBuiH íí, nyCKaiOTb ix Ha bojiio. IXraxH jieTaTb 30 cbo'íx rni3fl i niflnajiioiOTb mícto . . . (jiiTonnc p. 946). IIofliÖHi icTopi'i onoBÍflaiOTt xpoHiKH aôo nepeKa3H, mo noxoflaTb 3 pi3HHx Haciß Ta pÍ3HHx KpäiH \ aHrjiÍHCBKÍ, (ppaHiry3bKÍ, CKaHfli-HaBCbKi, BipMeHCbKi. 3 cjiOß'aHCBKHx Tpeßa 3raflaTH necbKy xpo-HÍKy t. 3B. ,,^ajiÍMÍJia", HKa nofliÖHHM cnocoôoM onoBiflae npo B3aTTa TáTapaMH KnGBa, Ta xpoHÍKy TaOKa, fle TäKHM 3aco6oM TaHHpix IIjiayeHCbKHH 6epe mícto 3an, b Hexii (15 ct.). IJiKaBo, mo TeMa — 3anajieHHa Miera aôo nojiiB pÍ3HHMH TBapHHaMH Ta nofliÖHi 3axoflH npoTH soporiB — BiflOMa i aHTHHHiä jiiTepaTypi. B Jlißia raHHÍ6aji BHnycTHB 3000 bojiíb Í3 CMOJiocKmiaMH npoTH pHM-jiaH. B Biôjiii CaMcoH BHnycTHB Ha nojia (pijiicTHMJiaH jihcíb 3 npHB'a3aHHMH flO XBOCTÍB CMOJIOCKHHaMH. ITofliÔHe G TaKOJK i B „E3onoBÍH" 6aHU,i. — B KoacHOMy pa3i, b jiÍTonnci MaeMO 3HanHy 6jiH3bKÍcTb flo cKaHfliHaBcbKHX nepeKa3ÍB, aire onoBiflaHHa jiíto-nncy BÍp;pÍ3HHGTbca bíh hhx ôijibinoio flOTenmcTio. Kojih b cKaHfli- 32 HaBCbKHx nepeica3ax oöjiora Mae jiobhth irraxH, b jiÍTonnci Ojibra flicTae ix šik naHHHy bír KOJKHoro flBopy IcKopocxeHH, i ne g 3a-nopyKOK), mo 6yne 3anajieHHH kojkhhh ôy^KHOK y míctí, — Mein-KaHiíi MÍCTa caMi cnpHHHHaioTtca ao BJiacHoi 3ara6ejii! Tyr 3HOBy jíiTonHCHe onoBinaHHH Mae CTapmiy cpopMy (JíiTonHCHira 3annc Ha CTO pokíb CTapiiHHÖ B13; cKaHRiHascbKoro!). BjiacHe, flOKa3ÍB Ha CKaHaiHaBCbKe noxo^JKeHHa nboro onoBÍflaHHa He MacMo. Ihiuí nepeKa3H MaiOTb TaKOJK cKaHRÍHaBCbKí Ta imni napajiejii. Hanp., HOCHTb hhcjichhhmh g onoBip;aHHa npo 3acHyBaHHa MÍCTa (y Hac KHGBa) rptoMa ÔpaTaMH, a6o npo noKJiHKaHHH Tptox 6paTÍB-khh3íb; na com tukí onoBÍ;naHHa CTapirui bíh cjiob'hhcbkhx (Hanp. y xpomuj Toejj.ii 7-8 ct., ajie TaM jinnie jma repoi). OnoBÍRaHHa npo Kopaöjii Ha KOJiecax, an y Ojiera npn 3flo6yTTÍ I^apropony, npo-6yBajiH 3'acyBaTH peajibHHMH (paKTaMn: Baparn neperarjiH cboi, po3MÍpHo HeBejiHKi *iobhh Ha KOJiecax, oÔMHHyBinH jiaHinora, äkhm 6yB neperopoflJKeHHH bxír ho KoHCTaHTHHonijibCbKHx npoTOK. G kíjib-ca napajiejibHHx BÍ3aHTÍficbKHx onoBÍnaHb p,o oÔMaHy neHeHÍ3tKOi oöjiorn, BHCJiaHU,í3M aKo'i 6iJiropoan,i noKa3ajin jspa, KOJioRa3Í, b or-HOMy 3 HKHx 6yjio BCTaBjíeHo fliJKKy 3 M6HOM, b npyroMy 3 KHcejieM, mp6 3anesHHTH ix, mo b míctí g nocHTb nojKHBH, TeMa 6opoTb6n repoa 3 BopojKHM BejieraeM 3ranyGTbCfl b jiÍTonnci REa pa3n: 6opoTb6a HKorocb KHiBCbKoro lOHaKa 3 ne^emsbKHM BejieTHeM Ta KH. McTHCJiaBa TMyTopoKaHCbKoro 3 Peneaeio (922 Ta 1022 pp.), ajie TaKÍ onoBÍflaHHH sarajitHoro xapaKTepy po3noB«oRJKeHi no BCbOMy cbítí (nop. 6opoTb6y .HJaBHRa 3 rojriíHpOM y BiÖJiii). 3. Y neHKHX MÍcn,ax mojkcmo npnnycKaTH Bapa3bKe noxoRJKeH-HH onoBÍRaHHH, BHXORHHH 3 TpoxH noropfljiHBoro CTaBjieHHH nepe-Ka3y flo cjiob'hh. Hanp., npo no,n;iJi 3p,o6vLm nip, HapropoAOM (nifl 907 p.), KOJiH Baparn (Pycb) ôepyíb co6i BÍTpnjia 3 TOBCTinioro nioBKy („naBQjiOHHTH"), a inypm cjiob'hhh — 3 jierKoro nioBKy („KponHHbHH"), am npn njiaBanm pBe BÍTep. A60 b onoBÍRaHni npo noxin; HpocjiaBa npoTH CßaTonojiKa (1015), kojih KHiBCbKHH BOGEop;a CßHTonojiK HacMÍxaeTbca 3 BÍôcbKa čfpocjiaEa, se 6yjio ôaraTo HOBropofliíiB, cjiob'hh: „bh, Tecjiapi... ". Aue TaKHX MÍcijb KeöaraTo: cjioa'aHCbKi jiÍTonHcni jie^Be xotíjih BKJiiOHaTH ro jiíto-nncy, npoTHCJioB'aHCBKÍ aHeKROTH! MoíKe Hain,ÍKaBÍmi g MÍcn,a, mo MaiOTb Birpa3HHH npoTHCJioB'aH-cbKHH xapaKTep Ta Hara^yioTb HaM npo o^Hy Bapa3bKy TpaRHniio: KpHBaBy noMCTy. He — onoBÍnaHHa npo HpocJiasa 6e3nocepeflHbo nepen 3ranaHiiM öoro noxoROM nim Khíb. HoBroponcbKa apyjKHHa HpocaaBa noraHO noBonnjiaca 3 HOBropoanaMH, TOMy HOBropoRDii nepeÔHjiH BaparÍB. HpocjiaB ,,po3rHÍBaBca" i, mobhbihh ro Hosro- 33 pojjnm, — „Mem BHce n.Hx He BocKpecHTH" („ynce mhí chx He Kpi-chth"), noKJíHKaB 30 ceôe b rocTHHy HaÖBH3Ha^HiiuHx HOBropo;wÍB i HaKa3aB Ix nepeÔHTH. Ajie Tiel caMoi hohí npiriiniJia 3BicTKa npo CMepTB Bojio^HMHpa i npo Te, mo CBSTonojiK 3axonHB BJiajiy. Hpo-CJiaB Myciß 3Í6paTH „peniTKH HOBropoftuiB", AyjKe HíKO^yiOHH 3a BTpaneHOK) mpyjKHHOio Ta 3a nepeÔHTHMH HOBropoflnHMH. — CeHC Hboro onoBi^aHHíi, Ha mok» ^yMKy, b pe^eHHi ,,MeHÍ Ix yJKe He boc-KpecHTH"; ne, Ma6yn>, 6yjia (popMyjia oroJiouieHHfl KpHBaBoí noM-CTH (TaKi (popMyjin icHyBajiH no BCbOMy cbítí, ne tíjibkh icHyBajia KpHBaBa noMCTa; orojionieHHS noMCTH 6yjio oahhm Í3 nepuinx 3M'HrnieHi. Ta oÔMemeHb nboro JKopcTOKoro 3Bircaio, aKoro BjiaJioca HocarayTH hobíh npaBmö cbíaomoctí). OrojionieHHa BopoJKHe^i ,,ne-Hyjieio oanoBisHoio" 36eperjioea na YKpai'm aac 30 16 ct. IJe 6yjia (popMyjia, BHTOJiomeHHH hkoí 03Hanajio bí^mob jieHHH bíh ycix mo- paJIbHHX HOpM, B TOMy HHCJlí Í TOCTHHHOCTH. HoBropOflCbKÍ C JI O- b' s h h He 3po3yMÍjiH nboro BHpa3y, h,ígí norpo3H CBoro khh3h. ITo-EÍOHe onoBÍ^ae jiítoiihc TaKOJK npo noMCTy KHarnm Ojibra. Kojih ^epeBjíHHH, bôhbihh HoJioBÍKa OjibrH, Iropa, xotíjih nOCBaTaTH íí 3a CBoro KHH3H Majia, Ojibra Bi^noB^ae: „Meni BHce nojiOBÍKa Moro ne BocKpecHTH" („yjKe mhí My>Ka CBoero He kpíchth") i nicjiH Uboro noHHHaGTbCH noMCTa, nepnioio HcepTBOio hkoí CTaiOTb nocjin. TyT TaKOJK cjiob'hhh He 3po3yMÍjiH h,ígí (popMyjiH. IlepniHH aKT noMCTH 3B'a3aHHH 3 JKopcTOKHM ßOTenoM: Ojibra caMa pa^HTb no-cjiaM BHMäraTH, mpô Ix npHHecjín 30 II 3aMKy b hobhí. Thm nacoM ^OBeH — cKaH3ÍHaBCbKa TpyHa. C ji o b' h h h i nboro He 3po3y-míjih. y flBopi 3aMKy nocjiÍB y hobhí BKHHeHo b HMy Ta 3aciraaH0 3eMJieio.. . TaKe ipoHÍHHe cTaBJíeHHa 30 cjiob'hh xapaKTepH3yc ne onoBi^aHHíi hk CKanflÍHaBCbKe. Ilicjifl Hboro Ojibra mcthtbch js,e-peBjíHHaM me Tpn pa3H. Xo*i 30 majibinoro onoBÍ^aHHH HeMac ôjihjkhhx CKaHHÍHaBCbKHx napajiejib, fioro CKaHRÍHaBCbKe noxo-^MceHHfl cTBep^JKyGTbCH, Ha mok) nyMKy, CTaBjíeHHHM onoBÍ^a^a 3,0 cjiob'hh. — IIÍ3HÍHie (popMyjia ,,MeHi B>Ke öoro He BOCKpecHTH" CTaG npocTo noeTHiHoio (popMyjioio, TaK g b onoBi^aHHi KHÍBCbKoro jiÍTonncy npo CMepTb o^Horo 3 khh3Íb (1151) Ta b „Cjiobí o nojiKy Iropeßi" (xapaKTep ijhx cjiíb, jik (popMyjin b ,,Cjiobí", íjchhh 3 Ix noBTopemiH flBa pa3H; He BHKJiiOHeHo, npaB^a, mo b ,,Cjiobí" m,e yTpHMajiacH naM'HTb npo nepBÍcHe 3HaneHHa n,Í6Í (popMyjin, 60 II BJKHTo nopyn 3aKJiHKy CßaTOCJiaBa äo BÍanjiaTH, noMCTH nojioB-ijíim, 3a ix nepenory Ha^ IropeM). JIÍTonHcni, mp 3anncyBajiH ono-Bi^aHHa 30 jiÍTonncy, HaneBHe, BJKe He naM'jiTajiH npo nepBÍCHe 3HaMeHHfl (pOpMyJIH ,,MeHÍ BJKe HOrO He BOCKpeCHTH". Ihuií peuiTKH CKaHßiHaBCbKHX 3BHHa'ÍB 3ÔeperjiH hjiíi Hac, mo>k-jiHBO, aeaKÍ 3 CTapnx npaBHHX ^opMyJ1 Ta 3BHHa"ÍB, mo npo hhx Sk MH roBopHJiH b nonepe^HbOMy po3m\jii ô Moaoia AOflaTH me aeinp: Hanp., npncary 3 aepnoM Ha tojiobí, nyatHH kjiioh, hk chmboji nin.-jierjiocTH (b „PycbKiö npaBfli" Ta 07min nponoBißi cb. «reo^ocia). 4. Iljoao noeTHKH nepeKa3ÍB cjiOB'aHCbKoro noxomacemia — to BCTaHOBHTH 11 ejieMeHTH HeJierKO. MOJKJIHBO, HIJÓ 3 CKaHfllHaBCbKOl noeTHKH nocTajiH HeHHCJiemri Micu,a, am híôhto HacjiiayiOTb 3Ha-homí Ha m Í3 CKaHfliHaBCbKHX cať peneHHíi-3arap;KH. Ha acaJib, jiíto-nnc 3Öepir Majio Mieni. TaKoro xapaKTepy. Hanp., HpocjiaB niß nac noxony 1015 p. 3anHTye nepe3 nocjiaHija oflHoro 3 „My;KÍB" Bopora CBHTonojiKa, mp poôhth — ,,Men,y Majio BapeHO, a ppyacHHH 6a-raxo?", Toň BiflnoBÍB: ,,hk ivreay Majio, a apyacHHH 6araT0, to Tpeóa aaTH (Mea) yBenopi", — ,,i 3po3yMÍB ÍIpocjiaB, — florae jiiTonnc, — mp BejíHTb yHoni 6hthch". nofliÔHHMH 3araflKaMH e i cnpaMpBaHi flo cjiob'hh cjioBa HpocjiaBa Ta Ojitrn „BHce öoro MeHi He boc-KpecHTH", no^acTH MOJKe i npaKi nÍ3HÍmi npHCJiiß'a hk MOTHBania bhhhkíb, am np „He nepeaaBHBuiH ôflaciji — Meny He í'cth". JXesmi Micn,a jiiTonncy Ta „CnoBa o nojiKy IropeBi" — Hara-ayiOTb CKaHfliHaBChKi t. 3B. „kenningar" (omiHHa — „kenning"). „Kenningar" — rje nocTiňm BHpa3H ajia 03HaneHHa neBHHx npeflMe-tíb a6o bhhhkíb, mp 3aMÍHK»K)Tb sBH^aÖHo cjioBo. B „Cjiobí" hh- TaCMO 3aMÍCTb ,,KpOB" - „KpHBaBe BHHO", 3aMÍCTb „ÔHTHCH 3 BO- poroM" — „noiTH ňoro (bhhom)" „*iacTyBaTH Soro" a6o „mojio-thth" i t. js,. (flHB. po3flijiH npo „CjioBo o nojray Iropeßi" Ta npo InaTilBCbKHH JlÍTOnHC). JliTonncH MaioTb ime oaHy CTHJiicTHHHy pncy, cnijibHy 3 cKaH-HmaBCbKHMH caťaMH — onoBiflaHHH npo hkícb no^ií b (popMi po3-MOB híhobhx oci6 míhí C060K). IIa pnca 3ycTpmaeTbca nacTinie b nÍ3HÍuiHx jiiTonncax, KniBCbKOMy 12 ct. Ta rajiHnbKo-BojiHHCbKOMy 13 ct., ae Bate BäJKKO npnnycKaTH BejiHKHÖ CKaHßiHaBCbKmi BnjiHB, ajie b HHX 3HaíÍ3eMo HHMajii BnjiHBH BÍ3aHTÍHCbKO*i jiiTepaTypn. MoacHa BBaacaTH 3a pncH noeTHKH CKaH^iHaBCbKHx onoBißaHb y cjiOB'aHCbKHX nepeKa3ax neBHy pHTMÍHHÍCTb mobh b uhx nepe-Ka3ax Ta mhcjichhi ajriTepaijiT b hhx, Phtmímhíctb mobh He Ryme BejíHKa: onoBiaaHHa 3ae6iJibnioro po3nan,aioTbca Ha KopoTeHbKi pe-neHHa, inp npaKoio Mipoio Moace öyrn 03HaKoio nesHoi npHMÍTHBHocTH mobh; a CHHTaKcmmi napajiejiÍ3MH b OKpeMHx pe^eHHax, mo 3y- CTpi^aiOTbCa flOCHTb piflKO, MOJKyTb 6yTH i BHnaňKOBHMH. JIen.Be MH MOíKHá BBaacaTii 3a BHnaflKOBicTb HHCjieHHi aJiÍTepan;ii b jieťeHflapHHX Mici(ax CTaporo jiiTonncy. TaKHX ajiiTepaniii 3obcím HeMae b ono-BiflaHHax HejiereHaapHoro xapaKTepy, u^o no^aioTbca Tyr m.e, Hanp., b onoBiaaHHi npo xpnineHHa Ojibrn, He roBopann Bace npo BCTaB-jieHi b JliTonnc i^iai naM'aTKH pejiiriÖHoro xapaKTepy (npoMOBa ,,(pijioco(pa"-MÍcioHepa nepea Bojiohhmhpom, onoBÍ,ii,aHHa npo yTBo- 35 1 pe-HHíi cjiob'hhcbkoi aôeTKH), b reorpa(pmHHx BHKJia^ax, b aoro-Bopax 3 rpeicaMH toih,o. Oct, HanpHKJiaa, ajirrepann* b po3mobí čIpocjiaBa 3 MyateM Cbhtoiiojikobhm : HTO Tbl TO My BejIHUIH TBOpHTH? T-T-B-T , Majio Me^y BapeHo m-m-b a npyHĺHHbi MHoro m flane Meay Majio £-m-m a apyJKHHtI MHoro fl-M fla kt> Be^epy B'bßaTH .,. a-b-b A6o b onoBiflaHHi npo b3íittíi Uapropofly OjieroM: h noBejľB Ojier BoeM b cbohm b n-B KOJieca HSflijiaTH k h nocTaBHTH na KOJieca Kopaôjra n-K-K H ÔblBUIK) noKOCHy B"BTpy n-B B'bcnHHia napycbi c noJia B-n-n .ZJocHTb xapaKTepncTH^He TaKOHí noBTopcHHH ajiiTepoBaHHX cjiíb Ha kíhhí OKpeMHX phtmíhhhx oiijHHHUb — peneHb, Hanp., b onoBinaHHi npo Ojiera Ta noro kohh: H npncnt. ocenb n-n-o n noMHHy Ojierb KOHb cboh n-n-o-K HJKe 6* nocTaBHjľb kopmhth h-ii-k K He BCBflaTH Ha Hb H-H-B-H 6o Bi>npaHiajľb BOji'bXBOB'b [h Kymechhktj 6-6-b-b-k OT'b *iero MH ecTb yMpera? o H noBejiŤ. oce^JiaTH kohh: h-ii-k Ma to bhjkk) kocth ero" K-e H npnH,n;e Ha mt>cto, h-h HflejKe ókiiia jiencame kocth [ero rojibi K-e-r h jioô-b rojľb H-ji-r H CCt^e C KOHÍI H-C-C-K h nocMT»HCH pene: h „OT'b cero jih Jióa c-ji-ji CMepTb 6bIJIO B3HTH MHTj ?" C-B h BCTyxtH HoroK) Ha jiootj; h-b-h-h-ji K BbIHHKHyBHIH 3MHa H30 Jl6a H-B-H-JI 36 3 onoBiflaHHH npo oßjiory Eijiropofla: H noBejii JKGHaÄľB ctbophth [irfcjKb, H-n B HeMbJKe BapHTb KHCejIb, B-B-K h noBejľB HCKonaTH KOJioaa3b, h-ii-h-k H BCTaBHTH TaMO Kaflb, H-B-K h HajibHTH nfejKa Ka^b. h-k H noBejit Hpyrbiä KOJioafi3b [HCKOnaTH, H-n-K-H H BCTaBHTH TaMO Kaflb, H-K h noBejiT> HCKaTH Mefly; H-n-H-M OHH JKe Hiefluie B3HHia Mejjy [jiyKHO, B-M 6t> 60 norpeôeHO b khhjkh [MeayniH; 6-6-n-K-M H nOBejTB pOCblTHTH BeJIbMH H-n-B H BTjJIHTH B Kaflb H-B-K B flpyS^Mt KOJIOSH3H . . . B-K B onoBiflaHHi npo 3a6nTTa oflHoro 3 nojioBenbKHx khh3íb: npHHMTj JiyK CBOH c H HaJIOiKHBTj CTp'BJiy, H-C yaapH HTJiapa b čepíme, h-c h flpy^cHHy ero bck> H36pania; h-h h TaKO 3JľB HcnpoBepjKe h-h JKHBOT CBOH HTJiapb . . . C-H AjiÍTepan,is — flyJKe po3noBcio3»ceHa pnca CTapoI jiiTepaTypH (HaBÍTb He JiHHie KpacHoi) iHaoeBponeäcbKHX Hapofliß: 3yCTpmacMO n, Hanp., y CTapo(ppÍ3bKHX 3aK0Hax, b ocbKO-yMÔpcbKHx Hanncax, y KejibTCbKiů Ta CTaporepMaHCbKiů noe3ÍI i t. r. TaM 3BHHaÖH0 Mac-Mo aJíiTepaniio HarojionieHHX CKJia^iB; b CTapocjioE'aHCbKHX mob ax HarojiocH HaM He 3aBine bí^omí, a flo Toro, hk 3aacTbCH, CTapy ajiiiepaniio 3ycTpi^aGMo bhkjiio^ho Ha cxißHbo-cjioß'flHCbKiH Tepn-Topii; aoBOflHTbca p,yMaTH npo nyjKi BnjiHBH i, po3yMÍGTbca, Haž-npnpoHHiHie TyT MOtfCHa nyMaTH npo snjiHBH CKaHamaBCbKi. Ajie Hama ajiiTepanja repMaHCbKiĚ He BÍflnoBÍp;aG. TaM — JiHine neBHa HeBejiHKa KijibKicTb ajiiTepoBaHHx cjiíb, neBHHM hhhom po3Tanio-BaHHX y ßipnii. A b Hacr 3AaGTtcH, npaBHJioM ôyjio, mp hhm Ôijibnie cjiíb ajiiTepyc, thm Kpaine (3hb. po3Hiji npo „Cjiobo o nojiKy Iro-peßi"). Hama CTapa ajiÍTepania Haraayc öijibine KejibTCbKy, xoh mpcb no^iOHe g i b HopBe3bKHX carax. y rpenbKifi JiiTepaTypi ajii- 37 i f«panifl nyate pinna. Othíě, nHTäHHa npo noxoflaceHHa cTapoyicpaiH-cbKoí ajiÍTepau,ii me flocHTb CKJianne. 5. Rk 6a*iHMo, CKaHfliHaBCbKi nepeflxpHCTnaHCbid ejieMeHTH He neBHi. 3naGTbca, neBHime g cKaHnmaBCbKe noxonaceHHa thx nepeKa3ÍB, m,o hjih hhx He MacMo CKaHnmaBCbKHx napajiejib, híjk thx, ßjia HKHX MaGMO, 3flaBajiocb 6h, „HynoBÍ" napajiejii (Ojier-Ofl, IcKopocTÍHb), Bo MOJKJiHBicTb cnijibHoro iHHoeBponeöcbKoro noxo-fljKeHHH a6o cnijibHoro 3ano3HHeHHa 3 TpeTboro n>Kepejia 30bcím He BHKJiiOHeHa. HaHBaatJiHBinie ôyjio 6 3po6nTH cnpoôy BÍninyicaTH Ta 3Í6paTH b c i ejieMeHTH cKaHfliHaBCbKoi noeTHKH b Hainifi CTapifi jiiTepaTypi, rojioBHe b JiiTepaTypi CBÍTCbKoro xapaKTepy (Jütohhc, „Cjiobo o noJiKy IropeBi"). T. iH^oeBponeäcbKi peiimíH 1. Po3yMÍGTbCH, Tam peuiTKH MycHjiH 3ajiHuiHTHCH b nepeKa3ax Ta HapoßmE noe3Í'i yicpaiiniiB. Ilpn noÔbKHOMy neperjiani ciojKeTÍB, TeM Ta mothbíb cynacHoí HapoflHo'i noe3Íi, Bnanae b ohí BeJiHMe3Ha KÍJIbKÍCTb CnijIbHHX T6M y pÍ3HHX ÍHnoeBponencbKHx HapofliB. lije KijibKa HecKTHjiiTb TOMy uß BBajfcajiocH 3a noKa3 cnijibHOCTH no-xoßHceHHH qnx noeTHHHHx ejieMeHTÍB. Ajie, Ha acajib, ÖJiHJKne ho- CJli^JKeHHA CKOpO BHHBHJIO n,ÍJIKOBHTy ÍJIIO30pHÍCTb HayKOBOrO OIITH- MÍ3My, mp BBajKaB 3a MojKJiHBe yrBopHTH acHe yíiBjíeHHH npo enoc, Ka3KH Ta 3BHHaľ iHfloeBponeiniÍB m,e äo ^acy IxHboro po3noflijiy Ha oKpeMi njieineHa. BijibniicTb cnijibHHx ÍHfloeBponencbKHM HaponaM ejieMeHTÍB 3ycTpmaGMo Tatcoac y HaíipÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍiuHx HeiHfloeBpo-nencbKHx nJieMeH. /Jjia neaKo'i KÍJibKocTH cnijibHnx ejieMeHTÍB yna-jiocH HOBecTH, mp BOHH no3H*ieHÍ oh n hm njieMeHeM y imnoro. Otjkc, BHHBHjioca, mo caMoi totojkhocth, a ine Memne cxohcocth, oKpeMHx ejieMeHTÍB y noe3Íí hbox pÍ3HHx ÍHHoeBponeocbKHx Haponiß He no-CHTb, m.06 MoacHa ôyjio BH3HaTH cnijibne iHfloeBponeScbKe noxo-HJKeHHH hhx ejieMeHTÍB. Ha noniöm TpynHonji HaTpannjín CBoro qacy i B MOB03HaBCTBÍ. Ajie MOB03HaBIi;Í 3HaHIUJIH MeTOHH, hkí flo-3BOJIHK>Tb HyJKe TOHHO 3'aCyBaTH, CXOJKÍ CJIOBa HÍHCHO nOXOHHTb 3 iHHoeBponeöcbKo'i mobh, hh bohh 6yjin nÍ3HÍnie 3ano3HHem ohhhm HapoHOM y imnoro. 3obcím ÍHaKine CTorrb cnpaBa b ctpepi eTHo-rpacpii: m,e He BHpoôaeHo n e b h o 1 mctohh, ana 6 nonoMorjia no-BecTH cnijibHÍcTb noxoHJKeHHa 3BHHaiB aôo TBopÍB. OTHce, xo*i HeMac cyMHÍBy, mo i c h y 10 t b cnijibHi jiÍTepaTypHÍ cioHíeTH, mothbh Ta cjioBecHi npHKpacH, mp Ix OKpeMi Haponn ycnanKyBajra bíh íhho-eBponeöcbKoi hoôh, ajie n,e name nepeKOHaHHa Bce at He nac 3Morn BÍHnOBÍCTH, a K i C a M e CIOHíeTH, MOTHBH MHCTeU,bKÍ npHKpacH nOXOHHTb 3 ÍHflOeBponeHCbKOl CTapOBHHH. 38 Haiíripme Te, mo caivre y cjiob'hh Mafiate HeMac cTapnx 3anHcin onoBiflaHb, Ka30K, enocy, öijibinicTb 3poÔJieHO mpimo B 19 ct., ayjKe Majio b 18 ct., jiHine hk bhhhtok y CTapinii HacH. OTace, 3aBacflH MOJKHa cyMHÍBaTHCH, HH ne nepeÖHHTi Táni onoBinaHHii jimne b HaHOCTaHHiiHHX CTopinnax a6o ô necaTHphinax 3 nyacHx aôo jiiTe- paTypHHX flJKepejI, TaK CaMO, HR HapOnHHMH niCHHMH 3pOÔHJIHCH Bipuii IIIeBHeHKa, IIJorojieBa, PyflaHCbKoro, a6o aK cepe^ HaponHHx Ka30K 3anncaHÍ b pociaH Bace b 20 ct. onoßinaHHa JleBa TojiCToro Tomp. HÍHKHX neBHHX BHCHOBKÍB IHPflO ÍHHOeBpOneHCBKHX eJieMeHTÍB yKpaÍHCbKoi HapoflHoi cjioBecHocTH b TBopi HayKOBo-nonyjiapHoro xapaKTepy nonara hcmojkjihbo. MoHcna jinnie KopoTeHKKo 3yraraH-THCH Ha KÍJibKOx cioaceTax Ta MOTHBax, mp ix jjexTo BBaacaB 3a iHfloeBponeöcbKi. 2. G, HanpHKJian,, yKpamcbKa Ka3Ka, mp Haran,ye onoßiflaHHa CTaporpenbKoro enocy npo Ofliccea Ta IIojii(peMa, onHooKoro jnoap-acepa BejieTHa-,,u,HKJiona". Ofliccefi Í3 cboImh cynyTHHKaMH noTpairaB Ha ocTpÍB b nenepy nojiitpeMa; mp6 ypaTyBaTHCa, bohh BHnajiH-jiH IIojiicpeMOBi oko Ta BTeKJiH, 3axoBaBniHca nin, nepeBaMH noro OBenb. IIojiitpeM, mynaiOHH Oniccea Ta fioro TOBapnuiiB, o6Man,yBaB CBoi bíbijí jiHHie no cnnnax. BnôpaBUiHca 3 nenepn, Oflicceß 3 TOBa-pHHiaMH BiflnjiHBae, Brojioc raysyiOHH 3 IIojiiipeMa. IIojii(peM, no- HyBHIH Hp, KHflaG IM HaB3,0prÍH BeJIHHe3HÍ KaMeHIOKH. — IIofliÔHi MOTHBH — repoH ocjiinjiKDG BejieTHa Ta BTinac Bia Hboro, BflarayB-niHCb b OBeny niKipy; BejieTeHb, mp KH^aG KaMÍHHa b hobhh Tomp — 3ycTpinaGMo b niBHiHHÍH ca3i npo Eťijia Ta AcMyaa, npo Tpoabíppa, a 30KpeMa npo Ona, onoBÍn,aHHa npo aKoro Hara^yiOTb onoBiflaHHa jirronncy npo Oaera (hhb. bhihp). — Ha YKpami 3Ôe-peraaca Ka3Ka npo onHOOKy 6a6y-jiionpaipfl;aBci; y rpeniB icHyBajio noniÖHe onoBi-HaHHH npo 6in Ofliccea 3 chhom ňoro TejieroHOM (onoBiaaHHa, mp He yBiôniJio b roMepißCbKy oöpoÖKy icTopii Ofliccea); nofliÔHe ono-BiaaHHa ôyjro y KejitTÍB; Hapenm, TaKe onoBiflaHHa 36eperjioca b nÍBHÍHHO-pocÍHCBKÍn enigma nicHi npo 6in Ijijií MopoBna (,,My-poMua") 3 chhom „Cokojibhhkom". I TyT cnpofín hobíthíx hocjií-HMceHb He npHBejiH 30 neBHHX bhchobkíb: to^í, hk ohhí BBajKaioTb TeMy HÍMen;bKoro enocy 3a 3ano3iraeHy y cjioB'an (oTJKe me nepefl 8 ct.), irani ayMaiOTb, mp 30 cjiOB'aH TeMa npnnnijia 3 Ilepcii ftecb b 16-17 ct. EniHHa nicHa b cynacHin cpopMi flincno Mae neBHi 03HaKH nÍ3Hi>oro noxoasKeHHH, aire ne He 3HaHHTb, mp íí TeMa y cjiob'hh He CTapinia, híjk BißOMa HaM nÍ3Ha 11 pocinctKa oôpoOKa. Mojkjihbo, mp n,en cioateT Hajieacnrb 30 mfloeBponencbKoi cna^imi™. 4. MoJKHa ßyjio 6 Ha3BaTH 6ijii>niy kíjibkíctb OKpeMHx CTapo- BHHHHX MOTHBÍB, mp p03nOBCK)flHíeHÍ B pÍ3HHX ÍHfloeBponeHCBKHX HapofliB, nonacTH HaBÍTb TaKnx, 6e3nocepeamx 3hochh míjk hkhmh Manace He ôyjio (cjroB'aHH Ta KeJibTH, cJioß'aHH Ta ÍHfl,ycn). JXo TaKnx mothbíb HajieacaTt nncjieHm 3MÍGÔopcTBa (y cxírhíx cjiOB'aH Hanp., ,Hp6pHHa, Mnxaöjio noToK, KoacyM'aKa). Ajie TyT MH MaGMO 6e3cyMHÍBHÍ cjiian M:yjKHX BnjiHBiB, a caMe xpncTHHH-cbkhx 3MÍe6opi;ÍB (cb. lOpiíi, cb. <í>eflip TnpoH) Ta xpncTHAHCbKoi jieťeHflH (Hanp., Mnxanjio IIotok bhhhk nip; BnjinBOM ôojirapcbKoro cb. Mnxanjia 3 IIoTyKn). 3ycTpinaGMo b ÍHfloeBponeficbKOMy (pojiKJibopi i onoBÍflaHHH npo ,,6e36aTHeHKÍB", chhíb, iho Hapoßacem 30bcím 6e3 6aTbKa: 3 HepeBa, 3 nTannmnx acnb, B13 Toro, mp MaTn 3'iJia myKy a6o bh-nnjia loniKy 3 Hei* (MaTÍp'io 6yBae íhoaí cyKa, ÍHon,i KopoBa Tomp). Be3ÔaT^eHK0M e, Hanp., i Bojibra 3 niBnitmopocincbKoro enocy: ne-pefl noro HapoflaceHHaM noro MaTepi npncHHBca 3míh, inp Hara^yc icTopiio Haposacemía OjieKcaHapa MaKe,npHCbKoro b cTapoMy po-MaHi (flHB. Ekc I. T. 6. 2), Ta HaBÍTb icTopn^noro KHa3a Bcecjiasa, 11 ct., aKoro 3a jiÍTonncoM ,,MaTH nopoanjia BÍfl ^ap". — lien mo-thb Moace 6yTH ÍHaoeBponencbKHM — 3ycTpmacMo noro i b KejibT-cbKHX nepeKa3ax (HaBÍTb npo íctophhhhx ociö). Ajie ÍHflo-eBponeöcbKoro noxoßJKeHHa i nboro MOTHBy He noBe^eHo. BaraTO cnijibHHX mothbíb 3HanneHo b Ka3Kax, Hanp., npo ,,Oxa" (Ox 3'aBJiaeTbca, kojih ÔaTbKo 3Í,n;xaio*iH BHMOBjíaG „Ox!"). Bíh 3a6npac b 6aTbKa Soro nnTHHy. .ZjHTHHa noTÍM noBepTacTbca Ha- 3an, HaB^HBrnHca oöopoTHimTBa, Ta 3flo6yBaG ôartKOBi ÖaraTCTBO, KaíKyHH ceße nponaBara to y BHrjiani kohh, to coKOJia, to xopia, Ta noTÍM 3HOBy noBepTaiOHHca noflOMy. Ilea mothb (a moni i n,ijia Ka3Ka) 3ycTpÍHaeTtcH y MOHrojiiB, y KaBKa3LKHx Haponiß, y a6e-cíhijíb, a 3 ÍHfloeBponeHn,ÍB — y iHnyciB, rpeniB Ta ÍTajiÍHn,ÍB (ne Te caMe ím'h „Ox"), noniÖHe me 3HaxoflHMo y „MeTaMopcposax" Oßinia (EpÍ3ÍXT0H Ta flOHbKa Soro MecTpa) toiijo. TaKHX npHKJianiß MO)KHa 6yjio 6 HaBecTH ôijitine. 5. Cepen 3ranaHHx npHKJianiß g KijibKa, mp MOJKyTb noxonHTH 3 rjiHÔoKoi' CTapoBHHH Ta HajiejKaTH no ^aciB Hanioi CTapoi jiiTepa-Typn. IIocTaHHa onoBinaHHa npo Ojiera, khh3h BcecjiaBa, ^oöpHHio, Bojibry, MnxaHjia IIoTOKa, KomyM'aKy, Ijijiio MopoBija — MoüceMo 3 BeJIHKOK) HMOBÍpHÍCTK) BiflHeCTH 30 CTapO KHH3ÍBCI.KOÍ flOÖH (HEB. I. 2EC. Ta II. J\.). Ajie npoäne, MaöyTb, us,e noBrnft nac, noKii erao-rpaípii BnacTbca xoh 6h b OKpeMHX BHnanKax snoSyra nCBHi KpH-Tepii, na mncTaßi hkhx MOJKHa 6yne cynHTH npo innoeBponeocBKe noxoníKeHHH OKpeMHX nepeKa3ÍB a6o ľx ejieMeHTÍB. CnpaBa He g 6e3-Haniäna: po3rjian OKpeMHX nepeKa3ÍB moni nac 3Mory BCTaHOBHTH Ix „ponoBin". Ajie Tenep mojkcmo jiHine cKa3aTH, in,o cepen cy^ac-HHX nepeKa3ÍB, hkí 30íkhjih 30 Haninx naciB 3 *iacÍB 30xphcthhhclkhx xa CTapoxpHCTHflHCbKHx-CTapoKHa3ÍBCbKHx g HaneBHe TaKÍ, Wß nicTajiHCH no HaniHX npenKÍB 3 mnoeBponeficBKoi CTapoBHHH. Ajie a k i c a m e nepeKa3H g TaKHMH, cynacHa HayKa w,e ne MOJKe naTH neBHOi BinnoBini. EKCKyPC I. UEPEKJIA^HA TA n03HHEHA JIITEPATYPA A. 3arajibHÍ 3ayearH 1. 3 npHHHHTTHM XpHCTHÍIHCTBa nOMajIOCH JlÍTepaTypHe JKHTTH cxiflHix cjiob'hh. ITeBHime — JlÍTepaTypHe jkhtth b Khgbí. Bo Jirane flajieKO nÍ3HÍnie nonajiacJi JiiTepaTypHa n,ifljibHÍcTb b HoBropofli, a me nÍ3HÍnie Ha niBHiqHOMy cxo^i (Cy3flajib i t. n,.). Tojiobhoio CKJiaflOBOK) nacTHHOH) HaíícTapiiHoi jiiTepaTypH 6yjia JiiTepaTypa no3HneHa Ta nepeKJia^Ha. 3 cainoro nonaTKy MOJKHa ôyjio bhko-pHCTaTH Ty flocHTb uiHpoKy jiiTepaTypy, mo nocTajia b öajiKaHCbKHX Ta MOpaBCbKHX cjiob'hh nepefl xpHCTHHHÍ3aH.ÍGK> PycH. IIpoH,ee npn-Hocy 3 nyjKHHH u;epKOBHO-cjiOB'HHCbKoi jirrepaTypn npoxoflHB 3 ca-Moro nonaTKy flocHTb xyTKo: Khíb Ha nonaTKax cBoro xphcthjih- CbKOrO JKHTTfl 6yB, 3flaGTbCH, TÍCHÍHie 3B'íI3aHHH 3 ôojirapcbKoio, híjk 3 rpeubKOio HepKBOK). 2. Ajie b CKOpoMy naci nonajiH poÖHTH caMocTiirai nepeKJia^H fljiH KHGBa, nonacTH, MaöyTb, y KoHCTaHTHHonojii jimne 3 ynacTio MpycÍB", a nÍ3HÍme b caMOMy Khgbí. JliTonnc 3raflyc npo nepeKJia-HaobKy Ta nepenHcyBaubKy n,ÍHJibHÍcTb 3a khh3h flpocjiaBa b Khgbí: „i 3Í6paB öaraTo rmcapiß, i bohh nepeKJianajra 3 rpenbKoi Ha cjio-B'HHCbKy MOBy Ta nepenHcyBajiH ôaraTo KHHr" (1037). ÍIk no6a-HHMo, MOJKHa HaBÍTb npHÔJiH3Ho BCTaHoBHTH, m,o caMe nepeKJiaaajia Hfl „nepeKJiaflanbKa komícíh" ÍIpocjiaBa. ITepeKJiaJia BOHa MHMajio Ta aochtb BejíHKHX oöcaroM TBopiß. íle ôyjio He jranie 36araHeHHH Hamol CTapoí JiiTepaTypH, ajie i neBHa 3MÍHa 11 xapaKTepy, 60 cepe/j; nepeKJianeHHX ÜpocjiaBOBoio komícígio TBopiß — nHMajio cbítcbkhx, a He BHKjiioHHo npHSHaneHHx fljiH uep- KOBHOrO BJKHTKy. 3. IIÍ3HÍHie 36araneHHfl nepeKJia#Hoii JiiTepaTypH hhijio oôoMa HIJTíIXaMH - Í npHXOflHJIH HOBÍ KHHrH BÍfl nÍBfleHHHX Ta 3aXÍflHÍX cjiob'hh, i poßjieHo BJiacm nepeKJia^H; ni3Hiuie aiajibHicTb ,,pycb-khx" nepeKJiapiaHiB1 nepefinijia, tojiobkhm mhhom, Ha „CBHTy ropy", AípOH. IlepeKJiaflHa JiiTepaTypa b 3HanHÍô cboíh nacram nepeJKHJia i pÍ3HÍ nojiÍTH^Hi 3MÍHH i nacH KyjibTypHoro 3aHena,ny i nacn 3míhh jiÍTepaTypHoro CMaKy. XapaKTep JiiTepaTypH opHťiHajibHoí 3mí- lf2 HaBca npcHTb niBHflKo h ího^í piniy^e Bia ctojiítth flo ctojiítth; íhohí opHťmajiBHi jiÍTepaTypHi TBopn nepepoÔJiiOBaHO b ochobí KijibKa pa3ÍB npoTíiroM KopoTKoro nacy (JIÍTonnc, „MoJieHHe HHiJia", Torno). JIÍTepaTypa nepeKJiaaHa 30epirajiaca ctojiítthmh ^acTO 3 jiHiue ayace HeBejiHKHMH 3MÍHaMH, a nacTo Bsarajii 6e3 híhkhx 3MÍH, xoH ího^í i nepeKJiaßm TBopn nepepoÖJiiOBaHo rpyH-TOBHO. ToMy nÍ3HÍnii cnncKH TBopiB nepeKJiaflHoi JiÍTepaTypn, mp HÍhuijih ao Hac nonacTH jimne 3 16-17, a to ö 18 ct., aaiOTb ^acTO 3Mory cyflHTH npo ix nepßicHy (popMy. 4. B flaJiMiioMy Hac umaBHTHMe opnriHajibHa jíiTepaTypHa TBopnicTb CTapoi yKpaiHH-PycH. Ajie nepeKJiaaHy JíiTepaTypy He MOHceMo oÔMHHyTH MOB^aHKOK). BoHa aajia Haa3BHHaHHo GaraTO HJiH po3BHTKy JIÍTepaTypa opHťiHajibHoí: MOBa, cthjii., KOMno3nnia, 3MÍCT ocTaHHboi' aicTaBajiH TjHcjjeHHÍ npoayKTHBHÍ cnoHyKH bí^ ne-peKJianHoi jiÍTepaTypH. H,eö BnjiHB 6yB 3Ha*iHHH HaBÍTb y ccpepi HapoAHoí noe3ÍI, nocKÍJiLKH npo Hel MoacHa cyflHTH. JJyx nepeKJiaAHoi JiÍTepaTypn b BejíHKÍS MacTHHi 6yB ayxoM CTapoxpncTnaHCbKHM Ta rejiJieHicTHHHo-xpncTHaHCbKHM; eneniKpin-Ho ,,BÍ3aHTÍňci>KÍ" BnjiHBH 6yjiH, aJie He nepeßaacajin. B. BorocjiyHĺôoBa JIÍTepaTypa 1. O^hhm Í3 HaHBajKJiHBiniHx mothbíb jirrepaTypHoro p03BHTKy 6yjin noTpeÖH xpncTHHHCbKoi oorocjiyacon. JJjia Hei noTpiôm öyjin KHHrn öorocjiyacöoBi 3 oRHoro 6oKy i khoth cb. ÜHCbMa — 3 apy-roro. I tí h tí Bace icHyBajin b nepeKJia^ax MopaBctKoro Ta öojirap-CbKoro nepiofly po3BHTKy cjiob'hhclkoí JíiTepaTypn. Bohh npnn-injiH pa30M Í3 xpHCTHHHÍ3au;ieK), HK KOHHe noTpiÖHe SHapanjja ÖorocjiyHiön. 2. yjKHTOK cb. ÜHCbMa 6yB BipoHaBHajibHHŘ Ta 6orocjiyac6oBHH. ToMy aeHKÍ ^laCTHHH CB. ÜHCbMa MajIH noaBlHHe OípOpMJieHHH, — fljia o^hígi ň npyroi mcth, TaK 6yjio Bace 3 GBaHrejiieio. GBaHrejiia icHyßajia b cpopMi — „HeTBepoeBaHrejiii", ceÔTo noBHoro TeKCTy GBaHrejiil, nopy^ nboro ßyjin GBaHrejiii, BHÖpam b nopa^Ky ix THHCHeBoro HHTaHHa npn 6orocjiyaí6i („AnpaKoc"), a caMe — aöo jiňme Rjia HeßijibHHx öorocjiyaco" (30 TaKnx GßaHrejiin Hajieacas HaöcTapiuiHH flaTOBaHHH cxiaHbocjioß'aHCbKHH pyKonnc 1056-7 pp. „OcTpoMHpoBa GßaHrejiia", nncaHa mojkjihbo nncapeM-KnaHHHOM n,jia HOBropoacbKoro nocaamnca OcTpoMHpa), Ta GBaHrejiia ajia Bcix pi^HHx 6orocjiyac6 (rajini^bKa GßaHrejiia 1144 p.). 3 caMoro no^aTKy MycnB yacnBaraca i „AnoeTOJi", mp Teac icnyBaB y nepe-KJiafli b HBox (popMax, an noBHHÖ tckct (pynonncH, no^HHaiOHH 3 13 ct.), aöo BHÖpaHHH fljiH 6orocjiyHí6 (pyKonncn 3 12 ct.). 3 KHHr „Oraporo 3aßiTy" Hanoijibiue po3noBdO,n»ceHHa Ta 3HaneHHfl Maß „ncajimp"; nopyn TeKCTy „ncajirapa" icHyßajiH ine pi3iíi HOrO OÖpOÖKH." „TOJIKOBaa ITcaJITHp", 3 nOHCHeHHaMH Ba>KKO-3p03y- míjihx míchb (noHCHeHHH ATaHacia OjieKcaHßpiHCbKoro aöo TeoflopH-Ta KipcbKoro). Bate no3a Meaci nepKOBHoro Ta npaBOßipHoro BJKHTKy „ncaJITHpfl" BXOflHB ÖOrO BHCHTOK flJIH „raflaHHÍl" (BOpoaÚHHa), - TeKCT „raflajibHHx IIcajiTHpiB" Maß *racjieHHi npHMÍTKH, npo 3Ha-neHHH Toro aöo Toro TeKCTy: rochtb 6yjio „po3irHyTH" „IIcajiTHp" Ta npoHHTaTH Te Micn,e, rqo Bnepnie Bna^e b om, mp6 3poÖHTH 3 Htoro nmch biichobkh npo MaSöyTHG, HeßiflOMe, npo Te, mo poöhth b flaHOMy BnnaßKy toiu,o. rojiOBHe flHcepejio, 3 aKoro 3HajiH b 11-12 Ta ö n,ajibniHx bí-Kax „Grapnä 3aBÍT", 6yß „napHMeÖHHK" — BHÖipKa thx Micnt, rkí noTpiöm fljia HHTaHHa npn öorocjiyacöi. „IlapHMeHHHK" He jih-ine cayxajiH b ijepKBi, ajie ö yBajKHo HHTajiH Ta nepenHTyßaJiH: MOaCeMO 3HaHTH B pÍ3HHX TBOpaX 11-12 CT. (Hanp., y JlÍTOnHCi) HHC- jieHHi i^HTaTH 3 „ITapHMeHHHKa". Ilopyn ntoro icHyBajiH i MeHiu po3noBCK)fliaceHÍ nepeKJiasH „n'aTHKHHHOKa" (khht MoöceeBHx) Ta „BocbMHKHHJKJKa" (IľaTHKHHHcaca Ta KHHrH HaBHHa, „Cy^en", Pycp). HapeniTi He öpaKyBajio i ,,KHHr npoponbKHx". 3 MeTOio no-jierniHTH po3yMÍHHa OKpeMHX Micn,t, icHyBajiH tckcth „tojikobí" (BHTOBManeHi), fle tckct npopontKHx KHHr 6yB He ujjikom noBHHii, ajie 3 AOflaHHMH n,o Hboro noacHeHHaniH 3MicTy. He Tpeöa 3a6yBaTH npo jiiTepaTypHi hkoctí cb. nncbivia Ta Hafl- 3BHHaÖHy pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍCTB HOrO 3MÍCTy Ta 3B'a3aHOro Í3 3MÍCTOM cthjiio: naTeTHHHa MOBa npopoKiß, rapHi o6pa3H Ta nopiBHaHHa (npHTii) GßaHrejiii, BHCOKa noe3ia ncajiTHpa i t. a- — Bce n-e, 6e3 cyMHißy, cnpaßjiajio ßpaaceHHa He jinnie cboim bhcokhm 3míc-tom, ajie ô jirrepaTypHOK» Kpacoio: He AypHo ac 3ycTpinaeMo Ha-CJiiAyßaHHa cthjiio cb. ÜHCLMa He Jinuie b pejririibiiH JiiTepaTypi (nponoBiaax), ajie i b cbítclkíh (jirromic Ta HaBiTB „Cjiobo o noJiKy Iropeßi"). nopyn Hacai^yBaHHa MaGMO i HHTaTH 3 cb. ÜHCtMa. I He flHBHo, 60 n,ijii KHHra cb. nncbMa (npHTni, KHHra CnpaxOBa, EKJiÍ3ÍacT) CKJian,em 3 rapHHx npHCJiiß'iß. HmaBo bhcjiobhb cboí flyMKH npo jiiTepaTypHe 3HaneHHa cb. ÜHCtMa Ha nonaTKy 16 ct. 4>p. CKopHHa. B nepejíMOBi 30 cBoro BH^aHHa BiÖJiii bíh nnme: ,,B BiÖJiii MoaíHa 3HaÖTH onoBiflamia npo bíhcbkobí Ta öaraTHpcbKi flijia, npaB^HBinii, Hiac onoBinaHHa npo OaeKcaH^pa Ta Tpoio", TaM 3Haň3eni MopajiBHy (pijiocotpiio, a aKinp „ÖaacaGin HaB^HTHca My-3HKH, ceÔTo cnißy (CKopHHa Mac Ha yBa3Í „noe3ÍK>"), to 3HaHfleni CaraTO Bipniiß Ta niceHh CßaTHX no rýjiiň híh khh3í". kk 3. 5lKpa3 no „noe3Íí" HajieacaTt Kimm 6orocjiy3K6oBÍ, 60 b hhx 3Í6paHÍ Haojiinmi TBopn rpen,bKoro xpncTHHHCbKoro BipmyBaHHjf 3a KijibKa ctojiítb. HeMae cyMHÍBy, 1140 cjiyjKÔa Eoaca b 11 ct. Ta b HacTynHHx Binax cnpaBjíajia Ha npncyTHix HHMajie BpaaceHHH caMe cboí'm 3aBHÍniHÍM ecTGTH^HHM xapaKTepoM Ta KpacoK) ayxoBoí noe-3Í1 6orocjiyac6oBHX cniBÍB, mp Ton,i nepKOBHOcjioB'HHCbKoio moboio 6yjiH ÖJiHJK^i no MOBH jnony Ta fioMy 3po3yMÍjiinii, híjk nÍ3HÍuie. lipo TaKe CTaBjíeHHH np öorocjiyjKÖH CBÍn,*rarb onoBinaHHH jiiToimcy npo rpen,bKy öorocjiyjKÖy: nocjiH BojionHMHpa BejíHKoro np Koh-CTaHTHHonojiH, mobjiíib, He 3HajiH b rpenbKOMy xpaivii, „HH Ha 3eMJlÍ Bonn, in Ha He6i", i BH3HaBajiH'. „He MOHceMo 3a6yTH tígi Kpacn". Ufi ecTeTHHHe BpaHceHHa cnpnaJio BnjiHBaM öorocjiyjKÖOBoi noe3Íí b CTapoyKpaiHCbKiíi jiiTepaTypi. BjKHBaHO 3 ôorocjiyjKÔOBHx KHHr HacaMnepea „CjiyaíeÔHHKa" Ta „TpeÖHHKa", — nayKa nan cBamemiKiB npo BinnpaBy ôorocjryíKÔ Ta Tpe6. Y HHX 3HaiíneM0 hhcjichhí mojihtbh, mp e rapHHM ťaTyH-KOM pejiiriÖHoi noe3ÍI; Hapenrri, Tam 3ÔipKH nppKOBHoi noe3ÍI, hk „Tpioni", „IlicHa" (cniBH Ha *iac nocTy) Ta ,,H,BÍTHa" (cniBH Ha nac no BejíHKonm) Ta „Oktoíx" (BocbMHrjiacHHK). 3 TaKHX niceHt (Tponapi, Konnarai toiho) CKJianem 6yjih i TaK 3Bam „CjiyHĺÔOBi MiHe'í" (pyKonncH bjkô 3 11 ct.), ne ni nicm po3KJianeHo 3a hhhmh poKy. IIÍ3HÍnie nepeKJianemiH tôkct nonp-noBHioBaHO opHťiHajiLHHM cjiob'hhcbkhm MaTepiflJIOM. „CjiyHc6oBÍ MiHeí" — TejK na&i'HTKa bhcoko'í noeimiHOi i^íhhocth. IJi KHHrn npHHHiJiH np Hac y roTOBOMy nepeKJiani 3 Bojirapií. Bohh MajiH hh-MajiHH BnjiHB Ha opHťiHajibHy jiiTepaTypy — Ha ^mcjieHHÍ cjiyaíÔH cjiOB'aHCbKHM cbhthm Ta mojihtbh, a TaKosK i Ha JiiTepaTypy CBÍTCbKy. B. Pejiiruma jirrepaTypa a. IIpaBOBipHa 1. Gbíltq IIhcIjMo npH3HaHeHe 6yjio He jimne n,jiH öorocjiyjKÖH, aJie ň p;jih HHTaHHH. Be3yMOBHo, — npHHaíÍMHi cepen. nyxoBHHX, inp 3 HHX noxonHjia i BejíHKa nacTHHa CTapnx nHctMeHHHKÍB, — 6yjra HHTaTii Ta 3HaBni 6orocjiyJK6oBHx KHHr. Ajie Brne cnenijuibHo njiíi HHTaHHH npnsHa^eHa ôyjia pejiirifina jiiTepaTypa „JKHTiŽHa" Ta , ,nponoBÍn,HHiibKa''. 2. „JKhtíh" — up nyHce CTapníí ťaTyHOK xpHCTHjmcbKoí JiiTe-paTypn. „2Khtíh" 6yjiH b nepeKJiani b 36ipKax Ta hk OKpeMi TBopn. BejíHKy 36ipKy „jkhtíh" (ho íikoi npnaBaHO mp ň ,,noB^aHHa"-npo- noBini) — „HeTBi-MiHei" nepeKJian,eHo me b Bojirapii (xoh Moace i ne Bei 12 TOMÍB Ha Bei Micani pony). „OKhtíji" nonacTH rochtb HinpoKoro oôcary, 3míctom Han,3BHHaŽHo pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍ Ta nonaioTb BejíHKy ťajiepiio tihiíb „xphcthhhcbkhx repoiB". HacTo rapno Ha-nncaHi Ta n,ÍKaBÍcTK> He ctohtb miacne Bin, CBÍTCtKoro poMaHa. He iHypHo ac nÍ3HÍuia JiiTepaTypa Majia TaK ôaraTo JiiTepaTypHHx 06-poöoK caMe míhtíh. nopyn icTopmHo oörpyHTOBaHHx ôiorpacpiô CBHTHX, 3HaHneMo cepen, MmeiraHx acHTiö neaKi onoßinaHHa jiereH-HapHoro xapaKTepy, mp BHKopncTOByiOTb MaHnpiBHi cioaceTH cbíto-B01 JiiTepaTypn: Hanp., cnopinHeHy 3 ,,<í»aBCTOM" jiereHny b jkhtíI ijiapeTa MnaocTHBoro, Ka3KOBe onoBÍn,aHHa npo hoptíb, mp cjiy-jKaTt CBÄTOMy 3a áoro HaKä3aMH b jkhtíi KoHOHa, Tomp. Heň pÍ3Ho-MaHÍTHHH MaTepiaji MHTaBca i naa noBnaHHa i aK u;ÍKaBa JieKTypa. KopoTKi híhtíh noflae HaTOMÍCTb — b njjioMy tok rochtb BejiH-KHH, Ha nßa TOMH — 3ÔipHHK „npojior" (ßjiacHe „CHHaKcap" a6o „MeHojiorioH"): ne — 36ipKa mchiuhx hchtíh Ha KoaceH npHb pcmy 3 flOflaTKaMH noB^iajiBHHx onoBinaHb. Hpn 36ipHHK nepeKJianeHO a6o Bace b Khgbí a6o b H,apropon,i n,jia Kneßa Ta 3 ynacTio khib-CBKoro nepeKJiaj^ana, i Bate Bin, Hac „npojior" nepeimajiH nÍBn,eHHÍ cjiob'jihh. nepeKJiap; 3po6jieHO, Maôyrb, Ha nonaTKy 12 ct. „npojior" He 3ajiHiHHBca öes 3míh: noro noinnpiOBaHo Ta nepepoöjnoBaHo; B)Ke b 13 ct. bíh y Tpn pa3H oíjibhjhh 3a rpenbKHH opHťiHaji. JXo-naHo 30KpeMa HHCJieHHi rapni noBHajibHi onoBÍn,aHHa 3 pÍ3HHx híh-tíh Ta 3 „naTepHKiß", npo hkí me 6yne MOBa. ,,npojior" Mae pÍ3H0-MaHÍTHHH rapHHÍi MaTepiaji: HHCJiemů acpopH3MH, „ceHTeHnťi", Ma-aeHbKi icTopii" noB^aabHoro 3MÍCTy (HanpHKJian, npo aceöpaKa, mp äoro MOJiHTBa yronmina EoroBi, híík mojihtbh GimcKona; npo Te, HK XpncToc y nocTaTi aceôpaKa BinninaB iryMena; npo npocToro naöaHa, inp 6yB CBaTimHH 3a acKeriß y nycTejii, Toinp), a6o S Ka3-KOBoro, (paHTacTHHHoro xapaKTepy. — J\o HaániKaBiniHx 3 JíiTepa-TypHoro n omany 30ipoK HajieacaTb „naTepHKH", BinoMi 3 HannaB-híhihx nacÍB (3 hhx noMacTH sanosn^HB cboi onoßinaHHa ,,npo-jior"): up — 30ipKH He ctíjibkh u,íjihx híhtíh, cKÍJibKH onoßin,aHb npo oKpeMi npHKJiann noóoacHOCTH, acK63H, npöpoHHHy. „naTepnKH" 06'eRHyBajiH onoBi^aHHa 3 neBHoi KpaÍHH. JXo HaöcTapininx TBopiß TaKoro THny y Hac Hajieaorrb „naTepnK CHHancbKnö" (najiaflia 3 4 ct., „JlaBciaK"); „naTepnK cKHTCbKHH" (Mocxa, 3 7 ct.) po3noB-CK»3JKeHHH, roJiOBHe, y nepepoÖJieHoMy BHrjiafli; „JlHMOHap", aßo „.ZJyxoBHa jiyKa"; „IlaTepHK phmcbkhh" (nann rpnropia 3 7 ct., flHB. 4). — IIÍ3HÍHie nonpHXOHHJiH Ř íhuií 36ipKH TaKoro xapaKTepy. „naTepHKH" 3rap,yG Bace HecTop y hchtíi í>eop;ocia. Ha 3pasoK ix nocTaB „KHGBo-nenepcbKHH naTepHK". B „IlaTepHKax" g ono-ßiflaHHa npo OKpeMi enÍ30flH 3 acHTTa CBaTHX a6o íi npocTo noöoac- 46 HHX jiioneH, MaÖJKe 3aBHCflH 3 peairÍHHo-MopajibHHM bhchobkom: onoßinaHHa npo re, hk nojioHeHoro b Ilepcií aHroji 3bíjiijhhb 3 b'h3-hhh,í b tí nm, KOJiH 3a Hboro npaBJíeHo naHaxnnH, iho íx 3aMOBjiajra ftoro poflHHi, BBaacaiomi ůoro 3a MepTBoro; npo CTapija TepacHMa, inp 3 HiiM 3anpnaTejiK)BaB jieB y nycrejii, ne TepacHM cnacaBca; npo BejíHKoro acKera, aKHH y nycTeJii Bace ne 3Haß, hh icnye m,e cbít Ta aKoro ronyBajia Haponiima cKaTepKa; nopyí nboro rapm OnOBÍnaHHH B CpOpMÍ KOpOTKHX p03MOB 3 flOTenHHMH a(popH3MaMH i T. fl. Ocb 3pa3KH onoBiflaHb offHoro 3 naTepniciB: nycTejibHHKa 3y-CTpinae nnaBOJi Ta h Kaaíe žoMy: „UXo th poÔHin, Te poôjno i a: TH nocTHm, a B3arajii m*ioro He im; th MaJio cnnin, a B3arajii He cnjiio, ajie a He Moaíy 3Po6hth to6í HÍaKoro 3Jia, 60 th nepeBHiuyeni MeHe noKopoio (cmhpchhgm) ''. — Ohhh nycTejibHHK, aKoro KjnrayTb Ha 3ÖopH HeHi^iß, ne Mae oöroBopioBaTHca rpimne híhtth aKorocb MeHi^a, npHxoHHTb Ha 36opn 3 nipaBHM kohihkom, noBHHM nicny, inp cnnjieTbca Ha 3eMjiio; Ha 3anHTaHHa, m;o iie 3Ha^HTb, bíh Bifl-noBÍB: ,,TaK i rpixn moI nanaiOTb no3any MeHe, Ta a ix He öa^y, a cionH npHxoflacy, m,o6 cynHTH rpixn iHmoro". — Ohhh nycTeJib-HHK npHXOflHTb y rocTHHy ho enncKona, i toh nacTye noro 06i-Hom 3 M'aca; nycTejibHHK Kaace, mo bíh bíh HapoflaceHHH He ib M'aca. Ha ne enncKon: ,,A a híkojih BBenopi He jiaraio cnaTH, aKiup MaB aKycb jnoHHHy, mo 3 Heio 6yB 6h b CBapni". nycTejibHHK no-6aHHB, mo MCHTTa enncKona Jiinme, 3a fioro BJiacHe ,,nicHHnbKe híhtth". OcTaHHe onoBÍHaHHa G npHKJianoM Toro, mo naTepHKH naCTO HOÔpoHHHHÍCTb cTaBJiaTb noHan acKeTH3M. ^jia HHTa^a CTapo'i yicpa-1HH onoBÍnaHHa naiepHKÍB MajiH ^HMajie BHXOBHe 3Ha*ieHHa... nopyn iiboro po3noBcioHHíeHÍ 6yjiH oKpeMÍ BejíHKÍ híhtíhhí TBopn, mo b HHX nyJKe mnpoKo onneyBajioca aíHTTa aKorocb oKpe-Moro CBaToro. JXo JKHTTGnncy ^acTo noJiy^aJioca moct nonione ho öorocjiOBCbKHX TpaKTaTÍB Ha noB^ajibHÍ TeMH (Hanp-, onnc KÍHU,a CBÍTy Toinp). JXo BaacjiHBiix hchtíh, mo ix nepeKJiafleHo me sa CTapoi npÔH, HaaeacajiH, Hanp., hchtíg Amoma BejíHKoro, Bejimcoro acKeTa, mo noro acKeTH^HÍ hhhh 6yjiH 3pa3KaMH naa nÍ3HÍmHX acKeiÍB; hchtíg CaBH „OcBameHHoro" — Teac acKeTa, ajie ÍHinoro Trniy, ineojioria aKoro BnjiHHyjia noMÍTHo Ha nonaTKH neHepcbKoro Ma-HacTHpa (hub. I. I\ 4); híhtíg nonyjiapHoro CBaToro Mhkojih Hyno-TBopma; híhtíg AHHpia lOpoHHBoro, 3 mnpoKHM ohhcom noro BHflÍHb npo KÍHei^b CBÍTy; híhtíg BejíHKoro nponoBÍHHHKa IoaHa 3jiaTo-ycToro; híhtíg cb. OjieKcia, mo Majio Moace HaSmnprnHH BnjiHB b icTopii yKpaiHCbKoi jiÍTepaTypn; HapemTÍ, ^lecbKÍ „JKHTÍa" (cb. Ban,-jiaBa, JIk>hmhjih), toiuo. — JKHTÍHHa aÍTepaTypa cjiyacnaa He jiHine pejiiriiiHOMy noB*iaHmo, ajie Maua raKoac BejiHHe3HHH biuihb Ha Beet JiiTepaTypHHH po3bhtok. 3. He MeHHie 3HaHeHHH Majia h jiixepaTypa npono BÍ3HHn,bKa. BoHa MOJKe me innprua, híjk jKHTiiiHa. HnMajia ^acTima i"i npnoinjia 3 Bojirapii, ajie ßein,o nepeKJian,ajiocii b Khgbí. H,h jiiTepaTypa me He flo kíhijíi flocjiinaceHa. OKpeMi TBopH 36eperjracH nonacTH jiHuie b nÍ3HÍHiHX BiflnHcax, Ta ^lacTO i'x noMHJiKOBO npHnncyBaHo pÍ3HHM aBTopaM. nponoBÍ,D[i — „cjioBa", „noBneHHH" npH3Ha^ceHo nan to-TaHHH. TBopn nponoBiflHHqbKo'i jiiTepaTypH yTBopioiOTb coôoio n,ijiy 'CHCTeMy 6orocjioBÍíi — nepeBaacHo MopajibHoro, a BejíHKOio Mipoio Í XpHCTHHHCbKO'i BÍpOHayKH Ta HäBÍTb xpHCTHHHCbKOl (pijIOCOCpil. HafiôijibHie nepeKJia^eHo nponoßißi TaKHX aBTopiß: IoaHa 3jiaTO-ycToro, GtppeMa CnpnHa, Bacnjiia BejíHKoro, TpHropia EorocjioBa (ohhh pyKonnc 3 11 ct.), <řenopa CTynHTa, Knpnjia OjieKcaHn,pÍH-cbKoro Ta mm. Ihoj^í nponoBi/ji cnojiynyBaHo (me i b BÍ3aHTÍficbKÍH jiiTepaTypi) b 3ÖipHHKH ni« pÍ3HHMH Ha3BaMH: „3jiaToycT", „Map-rapHT", ,,l3Maparn", ,,3jiaTaa n,inb" (o6nn.Ba ocTaHHi nonpnoiviaJiH nÍ3HÍme opurmaJibHi nponoBini CTapopycbKHx nponoBinmraiB), „3Jia-Taa Marana". Moacna s^oranyBaTHca, mo iCHyBajiH me mmi 36ip-HHKH, bíh, hkhx soeperjiHca jiHHie Ha3BH: „Encep", „JECeM^iyr", „rjiy-ÖHHa". nponoBÍAHHUbKa JiiTepaTypa Majia MHMajiy cyTO jiiTepaTypHy BapTÍcTb — cepe# íí npencTaBHHKÍB 6yjiH HaÖBH^aTHimi MažcTpi peTopHHHoro bmíhhh BÍ3aHTÍ'i. npo3opHH xijj, nyMOK, rapHi peTo-pEraHi (popMyjiH, noeTHHHi o6pa3H 6yjiH 3pa3KaMH, BapTHMH Hacjii-nyBaHHH. UXo6 cxapaKTepH3yBaTH cthjib nponoBijjeii HaBeny ypHBKH 3 „3jiaT0CTpytf" (KHÍBCbKHH pyKonnc 12 ct.) : IoaH 3jiaToycT nopiB-HK)G „n,ymy jiarinHoi jimhiihh" 3 npnponpio — „híôh 3Bepxy ropn, He bíg hhcthh BÍTepenb, cbíthtb npoMnma, ^hctí n,acepejia i pÍ3HÍ apoMaTHi Ta rapni kbíth, i KpacHi ca^H. I rojioc (i"i) TaK caMo co-jioaKnä ftyia THX, XTo äoro cjiyxaG, hí6h TyT CHHHTb Ha BepmKax Hy6ÍB citíbohí iiTaxH, cojiob'I i jiaciiBKH Ta chhhuí, mo cnoJiyHHJiH CBOi rojiocH b GflHHHH 3ByK, a6o híôh Bixep JierKo bíg Í3 cxofly, py-xac TpeneTJiHBe jihcta Ta iiiyMHTb no raax, Ta Bepx tígí ropn BKpn- THH KBÍTaMH-nypnypOBHMH, HepBOHHMH, 6ÍJIHMH ... i BÍTpeHb TflrHe i CXHJIHG IX, HK XBHJli. Too, XTO CTOlTb TyT, He MOJKe ani BHOBOJIb- hhthch ithm apoMaTOM, am HaflHBHTHCH Ha Kpacy kbítíb, i ... ra^ac, mo nepeöyBac He Ha 3eMjii, a Ha He6i. I híôh 3 ropn Te*ie... no- TÍ^OK i, BflapaiOHHCfl 06 KaMÍHHa, COJIOftKO ßpHHHTb . . . KOJIH 6a*iHTe TaKy KapTHHy, to po3yMÍGTe, HKa npncMHa g TepnejiHBa Ta Jiariřma jnoHHHa". nofliÔHo MajibOBHHHo onncaHO i nymy „nriBJíHBoro", mo öoro 3jiaToycT nopiBHiOG 3 6ypxjiHBHM Ta HecnoKíííhhm míctom. 48 4. Ilopyn nonyjiapHHX TBopiB CToaTb cyTo-öorocjioBCbKi Teope-thhhí TBopH- MaGMo b nepeKJianax i TBopn acKeranm („JlicTBHna" IoaHa „JlicTBHHHHKa") i „BorocjioBÍG" loaHa ^aMacKHHa, mp KpiM cyTO-6orocjioBCbKHX rnrraHb oöroßopioiOTb i (pijiococpŕíHi Ta Ha-bítb mobhí (rpaMaTH^Hi) nHTaHHH. MaGMo i „BnHTejibHi GBaHrejiii" — BHKJiafl xpHCTHHHCbKoi BipoHayKH b npncTocyBaHHi np GBaHrejiil (m. íh. KocTHHTHHa npecBHTepa, öojirapcbKoro nncbMeHHHKa 10 ct.). Taici TBopH nacoM nncaHo b (popMi 3anHTam> Ta BimnoBinJB (mofli 3anHTaHHH MaioTb xapaKTep 3aranoK), Hanp., „ÜHTaHHa" ATanacia (BJKe b pyKonHci 11 ct.). 6. AnoKpudíH 1. Ilopyn BejiHHe3HHX biijihbíb xphcthhhcbkoI JíiTepaTypH na MOBy Ta cthjib HajieJKHTb nocTaBHTH He mchhi 3HanHÍ biijihbh Ha ciojKeTH, TeMH, MOTHBH JíiTepaTypH „anoKpH-JKeTH"), nonacTH BHranaHHH. Tani JiereHnH paHo 3a#>KeHHH; 30KpeMa hhmh KopncTajiHca „epeTHKH", a neaKi 3 hhx HaßiTb nocTaßajiH b cpeTnnbKHx KOJiax. B KOJKHOMy pa3i, nopyn anoKpncpiB, ani He cynepenaTb xpncTHaH-cbKiö Haym, g ö Táni, ani BHCJioBjiioioTb norvnann, mp ix HiaK He MOJKHa noroflHTH 3 nepKOBHoio Hay kom, a neaKi HaßiTb MaioTb 6jik>3-HipcbKHH xapaKTep. Po3yMÍ6Tbca, nppKBa paHo nonajia CTaBHTHca Bopoace np anoKpH(pmHoi JíiTepaTypH, non,ijiHBniH íi Tßopn Ha TaKi, hh-TaHHa HKHx fl03B0JieHe, Ta Ha „3a6opoHem". CnncKH („iHneKCH") 3a6opoHeHHX TBopiß CKJiaflajiHca He pa3. y Khgbí 3ycTpinaGMo ne-peKJiaaeHi 3ranKH npo anoKpncpinHy JiixepaTypy Bace b ,,l30opHHKy CßaTocjiaBa" 1073 p. 2. JXo HaöcTapimoro mapy anoKpncpiB HaJieacHTb nacTHHa ano-KpH(piß ,,CTapo3aBÍTHHx", inp nocTajiH ine Ha aainiBCbKOMy ťpyHri Ta ,,flonoBHK)K)Tb" ÜTapHÖ 3aBÍT. IIonacTH n,e cTapo»CHn,ÍBCbKÍ Ka3KH. Ľ[a rpyna anoKpHeflopa CTy^HTa, Knpnjia OjieKcaHflpiíi-cbKoro Ta íhui. Ihoh.í nponoßifli cnojiynyBaHo (ine i b BÍ3aHTÍHCbKÍH jiiTepaTypi) b 3Ôíphhkh nifl pí3hhmh Ha3BaMH: „3jiaToycT", „Map-rapHT", „l3Maparfl", „3jiaTaa ninb" (oĎH^Ba ocTaHHi nonpHHMajm ni3HÍme opnťiHajibHi nponoBifli CTapopycbKHx nponoBÍflHHKÍB), ,,3jia-TaH Marana". MoHíHa 3floraflyBaTHca, ino icHyBajín ine íhhií 36ip-HHKH, Bifl HKHX 36eperjiHca jiHine Ha3BH'. „Encep", „2KeMMyr", „ľjiy-ÔHHa". nponoBiAHHiĺbKa jiiTepaTypa Majia nninajiy cyTo JiiTepaxypHy BapricTb — cepefl II npeflCTaBHHKÍB ÖyjiH HaHBHflaTHinri Maäcxpi peTopHHHoro bmíhhh BÍ3aHTÍi. npo3opHÍí xifl HyMOK, rapHi peTO- PHHHÍ (pOpMyjIH, noeTHHHÍ 06pa3H 6yjIH 3pa3KaMH, BapTHMH Hacjii- nyBaHHH. mo6 cxapaKTepH3yBaTH crajib nponoBifleíí HaBe^y ypnBKH 3 „3jiaTOCTpyfl" (Khibcbkhh pyiconnc 12 ct.) : IoaH 3jiaToycT nopiB-hk)g „nyniy jiarinHoi jhoshhh" 3 npnpoaoio — „hí6h 3Bepxy ropn, fle BÍ6 MHCTHH BÍTepeiíb, CBÍTHTb npOMÍHHH, HHCTÍ flJKepejia i pÍ3HÍ apoMarai Ta rapm kbíth, i Kpacm cann. I rojioc (ľi) TaK caMo co-jiOflKHH flJia THX, XTo Soro cJiyxae, híôh TyT cHjnaTb Ha BepuiKax flyßiB cniBOHÍ maxn, cojiob'I i jiacTiBKH Ta chhhijí, mo cnoJiyHHJiH cboí rojiocH b GflHHHH 3ByK, a6o hí6h BÍrep jierKo bíg Í3 cxoay, py-xac TpeneTJiHBe jihcth Ta ruyMHTb no raax, Ta Bepx tígí ropH bkph-thh KBÍTaMH — nypnypoBHMH, nepBOHHMH, öijiHMH... i BÍTpenb Tarae i CXHJIHG IX, UK XBHJIÍ. Tofi, XTO CTOITb TyT, He MOHCe aHÍ BflOBOJIb- HHTHCH uhm apoMaTOM, aHÍ HaflHBHTHCH Ha Kpacy kbítíb, i ... ra^ae, inp nepeÖyBac He Ha 3eMJii, a Ha Heöi. I hí6h 3 ropn Tene.. . no- TÍMOK I, BflapaiOnHCH 06 KaMÍHHH, COJIOflKO ÖpHHHTb . . . KOJIH ÖaHHTe Tany KapnaHy, to po3yMÍGTe, ana npncMHa g TepnejiHBa Ta jiari^Ha jnoflHHa". nofliÔHO MajibOBHHHo onHcaHo i flymy „rmBJíHBoro", w,o ňoro 3jiaToycT nopiBHiOG 3 ôypxjiHBHM Ta HecnoKÍHHHM míctom. Jf8 4. Ilopyn nonyjiapHHX TBopÍB ctohtb cyro-ôorocjioBCbKi Teope-thhhí TBopH* MacMO b nepeKjianax i TBopn acKeTHHHi („JIíctbhiíh" IoaHa „JlicTBirqHHKa") i „EorocjioBic" loaHa ^aMacKHHa, m,o KpiM cyTO-6orocjioBCbKHx nirraHb oôroBopioioTb i (pijioco(pÍHHÍ Ta HaBÍTb mobhí (rpaMaxHHHi) nmaHHfl. MaeMo i „BnnTejibHi GBaHrejiii" ■— BHKJiafl; xpHCTHHHCbKo'i BipoHayKn b npHCTOcyB&HHi no GBaHreJiii (m. íh. KocTHHTHHa npecBHTepa, öojirapcbKoro nncbMeHHHKa 10 ct.). TaKi TBopn MacoM nncaHo b (popili 3anHTaHb Ta BÍnnoBÍnÍB (ÍHOfli 3anHTaHHH MaiOTb xapaKTep 3aranoK), Hanp., „ÜHTaHHii" ATaHacia (BJKe b pyKonnci 11 ct.). 6. AnoKpmpH 1. riopyH BejiHMesHHX biuiiibíb xpHCTHjracbKOÍ jiixepaTypu Ha MOBy Ta CTHJIb HaJieiKHTb nOCTaBHTH He MeHUI 3HaHHÍ BnjIHBH Ha CH)5KeTH, TeMH, MOTHBH jiÍTepaTypn „anOKpHĺpi^IHOÍ". ,,AnoKpH(pH" — n,e TaKi TBopn npo no híí Ta oco6h cBHineHHoi ÍCTOpíi, IH.0 He BH3HaHÍ XpHCTHHHCbKOK) DjepKBOK) Ta He npHHHHTÍ Heio ho „KaHOHy" cb. IlHCbMa. B cb. IlncbMi 6araT0 noniS ocBÍTJieHO jiHine 3arajibHo, SaraTo ociß 3ranaHo jranie noöisKHo. IJíjikom npn-poHHbo, mo y xpncTHHH, a me naBHinie b jkhhíb mi nonii Ta ocoôh BHKJíHKaJiH ÍHTepec Ta rn,o HOBKOJia hhx 3Í6paBCH jiereHnapHHn Ma-TepiflJi, nonacTH nepeümiTHH bíh ÍHninx HaponÍB („MaHHpÍBHÍ ck> HceTH"), nonacTH BHranaHHH. TaKi jieťeHnn paHo 3a(pÍKC0BaHÍ ma-ceMHo; mp6 Hanara ím aBTopnTeTy, ix nacTo npmiHcyBaHo naTpiap-xaM Ta npopoKaM, anocTOJiaM Ta oth,hm ijepKBH romp. Ream TBopn HaÔyjiH BejiHHesHoro po3noBCK>H>KeHHfl; 30Kpeivra hhmh KopncTajiHCH „epeTHKH", a neaKÍ 3 hhx HaBÍTb nocTaBajiH b GpeTnnbKHx KOJiax. B KOJKHOMy pa3i, nopy*i anoKpn(pÍB, hkí He cynepenaTb xphcthhh-cbKÍô Hayiíi, e ň TaKi, hkí BHCJiOBJiioiOTb norjiann, mo ix híhk He MOJKHa noroHHTH 3 n.epKOBHoio HayKoio, a hohkí HaBÍTb MaiOTb 6jik>3-HipcbKHÖ xapaKTep. Po3yMÍGTbca, nepKBa paHo no^ajia CTaBHTHca Bopoace ho anoKpn(pÍHHOi jiiTepaTypn, noniJiHBnin ii TBopn Ha TaKi, *ih-TaHHa hkhx H03BOJieHe, Ta Ha ,,3a6opoHeHÍ". CnncKH („ÍHneKcn") 3a6opoHeHHX TBopÍB CKJiaHajiHca He pa3. y Khgbí sycTpinaGMo ne-pemianem sranKH npo anoKpncphiHy jiÍTepäTypy BJKe b „l3ÔopHHKy CBHTocjiaBa" 1073 p. 2. ^o HaöcTapiinoro mapy anoKpncpiB HajieaíHTb ^acTHHa ano-Kpn(pÍB „CTapo3aBÍTHHx", in,o nocTajiH me Ha JKHHÍBCbKOMy rpymi Ta „HOnOBHK>K)Tb" CTapHÖ 3aBÍT. XIo^aCTH U,e CTapOiKHnÍBCbKÍ KE3KH. Hä rpyna anoKpn(pÍB me 36ijibmnjiaca Ha xpncTHíracbKOMy ťpyHTÍ, 60 6yjio ôaacaHHH BCTaHOBHTU tíchíuihh 3b'íi30k míjk noniaMn Ta 49 OCOÖaMH CTap03aBÍTHHMH Ta H0B03aBÍTHHMH. JJ,0 THHOBHX TeM CTapo- 3aBÍTHÍx anoKpH(pÍB HajieJKHTb onoBi^aHHH npo TBopeHHa CBixy, npo AflaMa Ta Cßy Ta Ix jkhtth b paio Ta nicjra BHraaHHa 3 paio, npo Hon Ta noTon, npo jkhtth Moučen, npo Aßpaaivta, npo J^aBH^a Ta CojioMOHa, npo TaKnx oció, m.o Ix Biôjiia 3ra^yG Jinine noöbKHO (Jla-Mex, MeJixecHfleK). Ha 3pa30K npopoubKHX KHnr Biöjiii Te>K yTBo-peHo anoKpn(pi^HÍ TBopn („3anoBÍTH 12 naTpiapxiß"); b íhuihx ono-Bi^aeTbca npo HeoecHHŽ cbít Ta npo Kmenb CBřry („ecxaxojioria"). He MeHin nmpoico po3BHHyjiaca JiixepaTypa anoKpH(pÍB „hobo-3aBÍTHHXM Ha xpHCTHaHCbKOMy rpyHTi. Hi anoKpH(pH onoBi^aiOTb npo flHTHHCTBO XpHCTa, npo JKHTra EoropoflHni, npo cyn; Haß Xpnc-TOM, npo MamjpiBKH Ta aojiio oKpeMHX anocTOJiiB, monoBHioioTb i AnoKajiincHc. AnoKpncpH MOJKyTb 6araTo po3noBÍCTH npo „npio XpncTa 3 ^HaBOJioM", npo cxoa>KeHHH XpHCTa nepefl BocKpeceHHaM flo neKJia (caivre yaBJíeHHa npo exořpžteHHa XpncTa 30 neKJia He cynepe^HTB n,epKOBHÍH Hayu;i). 3B'a3ye CTapnä 3aBÍT Í3 Hobhm, Hanp., onoBiflaHHa npo „xpecHe aepeBo". HapeniTi, ň JíiTepaTypy „jkhtíh", onoBi^aHL npo jkhttb cbbthx, flOnOBHlOBaHO „anOKpHCphlHHMH JKHTiaMH", TOK He pa3 BÍaKHflaHHMH i^epKBoio. ,Ho TaKnx onoBißaHb HaJieJKaTb jkhtíh 3 Ka3KOBHMH eni- 30flaMH, (paHTaCTHHHHMH Hy^ecaMH, HeÖMOBipHHMH MyKaMH; B íh- uihx anoKpH(pÍHHHx JKHTiax no^am npopouTBa npo ocTaHHi *iacH CBÍTy. 3. nouiHpeHHa anoKpHípi^Hoí JiiiepaTypH, ne 3BäJKaioHH Ha uep-kobhí 3a6opoHH, 6yjio no BCboMy cbítí BejiHHe3He. AnoKpnípiHHa jíiTepaiypa Ha BÍ3aHTÍHCbKOMy Cxoßi Ta Ha JiaTHHCbKOMy 3axofli -— npHÔJiH3Ho Ta caMa. HaTHKH Ha anoKpHípi^Hy JíiTepaTypy 3Ha-xo^hmo BJKe b HoBOMy 3aBÍTÍ (Hanp., nocjiaHHa Iio^h, ^e 3rafly-K)Tbca npopoirrßa GHOxa, hcbí^omí 3 CTaporo 3aBÍTy). AnoKpHCpr-nia jíiTepaiypa BnjiHHyjia Ha Táni TBopn, aK 3axi,imi nepeKa3H npo na-piBHHKa Mepjiům, Ha „MicTepiii", Ha ,21aHTe, 3a hobhx naciB Ha Be-jihkí enocH 3 CBam,eHHoi icTopii: b Ahivií'í — MijiTOHa, b HiMennnni — KjibonniTOKa, Ha „Mapiio" HIeBHeHKa, Ha „Marienlieder" P. M. PijibKe. Ha YKpami 17-18 ct. cTapná MaTepiaji anoKpncpi^Hoi' jíiTe-paTypn m,e monoBHiOBaHo hobhmh nepeKJia^aMH a6o nepenasaMH 3axÍ3Hboro noxoflHíeHHa. MHMajia KiJibKicTb ciojkctíb Ta mothbíb 3 anoKpn(pÍB nepefiniJia 30 HapoflHoi cjioBecHocTH, rojioBHe flo Ka3KH; ajie yTBopHJioca öaraTo TBopiß ayxoBHo-anoKpntpi^Horo 3MÍcTy: 30 HHX HaJieJKHTb BejiHKa HacTHHa t. 3B. ayxoBHHx BipmiB Ta „Hapoa-HHX jiereHH". He mchhihh bhjihb Majia anoKpnipinHa JíiTepaiypa Ha o6pa3OTB0pne MHCTeirrBo: Ha iKOHax, no^HHaioHH 3 aaBHix naciB, g ^HCJieHHÍ flerajii, mo rpyHTyioTbca na anoKpndpiHHHX TBopax. 50 4. He jierKo bctehobhth, hkí anoKpncpn 6yjiH Bace bíhomí b Kh-íbcbkíh jiiTeparypi. HaěKpamHM noKa3HHKOM e icHyBaHHH CTapnx pyKonHCÍB i Tam nyJKe CTapi pyKonncn icHyiOTb: 3 11 ct. MaGMO „JtiflHHfl naBJía Ta TeKjra", 3 12 ct. — „XoacneHHG Eoroponnui no MyKax", 3 13 ct. — ,,Cjiobo A 3 MaTepiflJiy anOKpH(pÍHHHX TBOpÍB, 3HaÖfleMO HaTHKII Ha anoKpncpH i b jiiTonncax (KÍJibKa anoKpncpiHHHX mothbíb e b nponoBifli, inp 11 rpenbKHH „cpijiococp" BHrojiouiye nepen, kh. Bojio-flHMHpoM BejíHKHM), 3ranKa npo anoKpncpiHHe jkhtth Mhkhth g b „CKa3aHHi" npo 3aÖHTTÄ kh. Bopnca xa Tjiiôa, Han3BHHaiÍHO hhc-jieHHi anoKpHCpinm mothbh MaeMo b ornici IlajiecTHHH ^aHH'ijia-IIa-jioMHHKa; HaTHKaG Ha anoKpH(pn KnpHJio TypißCbKim, HaBÍTb y cbít-cbKOMy „Cjiobí o noJiKy IropeBi" g BinryKH anoKpncpiB („He npöpOM n,e-peBa nocKHfljajiH jihcth", inp Haranyc anoKpníp „BH3HaHHH Gbh") . Ora-poBHHHoro noxoaaceHHH MaiOTb 6yTH i anoKpntpH, 3B'fl3aHÍ 3 po3noß-cioHHceHOK) b Bojirapii cpeccio t. 3b. „ôoroMHjiiB" (10-11 ct.). 3a naBHiuiHx naciß MycHJia npHÖTH n, o cxinmx cjiob'hh i „GBaHrejiin HHKOflHMa" BÍfl 3axinmx cjiob'hh (hhb. najii). BKa3ÍBKH CTaporo MHCTen,TBa — cyMHÍBHi, 60 o6pa30TBopHe MHCTei^TBo Morjio npocTo nepeÖMaTH oKpeMÍ non,po6HH,i 3 BÍ3aHTificbKHx 3pa3KÍB; 3Hamiíi bía-noBinHHx jiiTepaTypHHx TBOpÍB He 3aBacnH 6yjio n,jiíi imoro noTpiôHe. 5. JXo KniBCbKoi cTapoi JiiTepaTypn Bace HajieacajiH, 3na6TbCH, TaKi anoKpH(pi*rai TBopn: 3 CTapo3aBÍTHHx anoKpH(f>ÍB — onoBinaHHH npo AnaMa; ,,BH3HaHHíi Gbh"; ôoroMHJibCbKi onoBinamiH, inp npn-nncyiOTb neBHy pojiio b yTBopenm CBiiy hhhbojiobí, mo 3 caMoro nonaTKy 3ÍncyBaB Hacnray TBopy BojKoro; npo cnoKycH nnaBOJia Ta „pyKonHcaHHH'', hkkmh AnaM ceôe BinriHcaB hhhbojiobí; npo „xpecHe flepeBo", ne po3noBÍn,aGTbCíi, inp nepen Anana JieacaB nin, nepeBOM, 3 aKoro 6yB 3po6jieHHH xpecT Xphctobí, — nepen Aheimíb, TaKHM 1HH0M, noTpanHB Ha rojirocpy, TaK mo KpoB CnacHTejiH TeKJia Ha Hboro, „3MHBaioHH rpixn" — (ranoBo Hai'BHe onoBinaHHH, mo 36ynpBaHe Ha oôpasHOMy Bnpa3i cb. IlncbMa „3mhth rpixn"); khh-ra ,,GHoxa" npo bhhíhhä GHOxa Ha HeÓi Ta npo Soro Haiuan.KÍB aac np Hoa; onoßinaHHH npo Jlaiviexa, hkhh híôh to 3aÔHB Kama; 3a-noßiTH 12 naTpiapxiß, chhíb IaKOBa, ■—■ Mopajibm noBnaHHH (me CTapoHCHnÍBCbKi) cnojiynem 3 npopou/rßaMH npo XpncTa, mo ix np-naHo xpncTHííHaMH; icTopia Aßpaaivra (30KpeMa ijňcaBa ňoro 60-poTbßa npoTH noraHCTBa); jkhtth MoScen; anoKajimcnc Bapyxa; anoKajiincHC Ica'i- 6. ^O H0B03aBÍTHHX anOKpHipiß, BiffOMHX y CXiflHbO-CJIOß'flHCb- KOMy cbítí HajieacaTb „GBaHrejiia IaKOBa", — roJiOBHe npo noflií 3 51 JKHTTH Eoropoannj, npo i"í ahthhctbo, ÖJiaroBiineHHa, HapoRJKeHHH XpHcra, npo flOJiio IoaHa XpncTHTejia (noro Main, cb. GjiHcaBexa, xoBaeTbca 3 hum Bia yoHBijiB, nocjiaHHx IpoROM, y ropi), npo CMepTb noro 6aTbKa 3axapii Tomp; „GBaHrejiia Xomh", — onoBiaamia npo HHTHHCTBO XpHCTa, npH HOMy rOJIOBHHH 3MÍCT - (paHTaCTHHHÍ Reca (oJKHBjieHHa nTaxis, am jiinnTb xJiomiHK XpncToc Tomp); XpncToc TyT HacTijibKn HexpncTnaHCbKa Ka3KOBa Ta acopcxoKa noc-TaTb, mo anoKpn(p He MaB BejiHKoro po3noBCioa>KeHHa (HaHcrapimi TeKCTH öoroMHJibCbKi 14 ct.). BaüiJiHBa „GßaHrejiia HnKoauMa", Ta 3 Heio cnojiyneHi: „TIhct IlijiaTa ao iMnepaTopa Tiöepia", „CMepTb nijiaTa", icTopia Hocnna ApHMaTeíícbKoro, — bcí onosiaaiOTb Re-TajibHinie, híhí GßaHrejiia, npo CTpacTi Ta CMepTb XpncTa, 30KpeMa npo noro ,,HH3xoaaceHHa b aa"; ypnBKH 3 „GBaHrejiii HnKORHMa" HaBÍTb HHTaHo no njepKBax Ha cxpacHOMy thjkhí; 6yjio aßa ňoro nepeKJiaan — ■qecbKO-MopaBCbKoro (3 JiaTHHn) Ta öoJirapcbKoro no-xoaiKeHHa; 3 „GBaHreJiiGio HnKORHMa" 3B'a3am anoKpncprari npo-noBiai GßceBia OjieKcaHRpiöcbKoro Ta Gni(pama KnnpcbKoro. G anoKpH(pÍHHÍ icTopii npo nponosiai anocTOJiiß no BCbOMy cbítí, npo ix nyaeca, Ix CMepTb. G ôoroMHJibCbKi JieťeHHH npo XpncTa, „sk noro b nonn CTaBHjm", „hk bíh njiyroM opaß" Toinp. Po3noBcio-aJKeHe „OnoBiaaHHa A(ppoaHTiaHa npo ^yao b nepcbKin 3eMJii", Re b nac HapoRHieHHa XpncTa noraHCbKi iaoJin b Ilepcü npopoKyiOTb npo Hboro Ta „XoacaeHHG EoropoRHnj no MyKax" — onnc neKJia xa pi3HHx MyK y HboMy, — noaiÖHe — „OiKpoBeHHa anocTOjia IlaBjia". 7. yjnoöjiem 6yjiH i anoKpn(pÍHHÍ Hcnxia: Teopria, Hhkhth, <3>e-aopa TnpoHa i t. a- JX^hkí 3 hhx, 6e3 cyMHißy, BnjinHyjin Ha ono-ßiaaHHa cbítcbkí (Mnxanjio PIotok) Ta ayxoBHi (lOpiô, eHop Th-poH) npo 3MÍGÔopn,ÍB- Ihuií anoKpH(J)H npo CBaTHx onoßiaaiOTb npo BcecBÍT Ta Kmenb cBÍTy, Hanp., „ÜHTaHHa IoaHa BorocjiOBa Ha <řa- BOpCbKÍH ropí", ,,P03MOBH TpbOX CBaTHTeJliß", „OTKpOBeHÍa Me(pORÍH IlaTapcbKoro" (hh „OjiiMniňcbKoro") — Ry>Ke yjiioöJieHe, ,,2Khtíg BacHJiia HoBoro", „JKhtíg HncpoHTa". ,HeaKÍ 3 nnx onoBÍRaHb y Hac 30BCÍM He BBaJKajiHca 3a 3a6opoHeHÍ anoKpncpn. G h apiÖHimi anoKpn(pÍHHÍ TeKCTH, Hanp., anoKpncpŕ-íHi mojihtbh, 3 anoKpn(pÍHHHMH noRpoönijaMH, a íhorí 3 3a6o6oHHHMH ejieMeH- TáMH. JXo irax rpyn aÍHCHnx anoKpH(pÍB Ha cjioß'aHCbKOMy ťpyHTi iHoai npHGRHyBajiH mp TBopn 3a6o6oHHoro xapaKTepy — ôijibinicTb 3raaaHHX anoKpncpiB g ,,KHHrn oTpe^eHHi", 3a6o6oHHÍ TBopu g „khh-rn öorooTMerai i HeHaBURHMi". Ue, rojioBHe, pÍ3HÍ „niapy^HHKn" aJiH BopojKÔn. BopojKHTH npo MaôôyTHG Moama 6yjio 3 rpoMy, 3 jibOTy nTHiib, 3 6jiHCKaBHn;i; po3yMÍ6Tbca, BraayßaTH MafiöyTHG npo-ÔyBajiH i no CHax. IIa jiiTepaTypa 3B'a3aHa 3 anoKpHCpaMH TijibKH 52 THM, mo BOHa Tent 6yjia 3a6opoHeHa. Bíjiluiícti. u, 3aa6TLca, npnií-iiijia JiHine nÍ3HÍnie Ta roJioBHe 30 Mockbh. JliTepaTypHe 3HaneHHfl 'íí HeBejiHKe. 8. CiOJKeTH anoKpH(piB Majin majieKo öijitnie 3HaHeHHH, mm iix (popMa. MoBa Ta cthjib anoKpiHpiB 3MÍHK)BajiHCH npn nepenncyBaHm jierKo, nocKÍJibKH bohh He Öyjin nÍ3 oxopoHOK) ijepKBH- J\o Toro BOHH nepeBaamo i cKOMnoHOBam 3ochtb iiphmíthbho Ta nepeKJiaaem ÖyjiH He 3 TaKOK) yBaroio Ta mobhhm MHCTenrBOM, aK nepKOBHi TeKCTH. Ajie ciOHceTH ix 3Re6ijibiHa 3yJKe ijiKaBi, nacTo Ka3KOBi, i TOMy Hafl3BHH:aHHo JierKo Ha3aBajinca 30 oöpoÖJieHHa Bace b „cbít-CBKOMy" nyci, HK Ka3Ka nepeKa3... JXeKKi, oRHa^e, Majin *ra-Majie 3HaHeHHH i hk tboph pejiiriirai: Hanp., 3BopyuiJiHBe onosi-RaHHfl npo MyKH b neKJii Ta npo mhjiíctí> BoropoflHiri HäBÍTi> 30 rpiiHHHKÍB; íhihí 3o6pe nonyjiapH3yBajiH xpHcmaHCbKy HayKy, Hanp., HaiBHe onoBÍ3aHHa npo „3epeBo xpecne" a6o TaKHŽ BH3aiHÍ-niHH JiiTepaTypHHÖ TBip, hk „HnKO3HM0Ba GBaHrejiia"; mnii h co6i MajiiOBajiH ceHTHMeHTajibHi Ta ianjimHi KapTHHH 3 íkhtth Boro-Maiepi Ta Xpncxa, hk „GBaHrejiia IaKOBa" Tomp. B KoacHOMy bh-naaKy, BnjiHB anoKpncpiB HajieacHrt He JiHine 30 icTopii MapHOßip-CTBä, ajie i 30 icTopii cnpaBJKHtoi' noöoacHocra. T. JIÍTepaiypa CBixcwca a. HayKosa 1. ,,CBÍTCbKÍCTb" nepeKJia3eHoi, 30KpeMa HayKOBoi jiÍTepaTypn e JiHine pejíHTHBHa. B 10-11 ct. octíjibkh CHjibHe 6yjio 3arajiLHe nepeKOHaHHH, mo noBHa rapaioma míjk pejiiricio Ta íhuihmh ccpe-paMH 3yxoBHoro jkhtth ícHyG Ta noBHHHa icHyBara, ujo 3Jih po3B'a-3ariHH SijibuiocTH nHTam. 3ochti> ôyjio nocjiaTHCH Ha BipoHayKy xa ii 3acepe.n0 — cb- IIhcbmo. Ajie jiiiepaTypa, m.o HäM Tenep 33acTLca 3aHa3To pejiiriíiHo Ta n,epKOBHo 3a6apBjieHOK>, 3 norjiasy Toro nacy BÍ3noBÍ3ajia BHMoraM HayKOBOCTH. njonpaBaa, „nayKa" Khíbcbkoi Pycn, 3a bhhhtkom xi6a 6orocjiOBÍI, 6yjia bhkjiiohho nonyjiapii3a-nicio. BejíHKoio Mipoio nepeKJiasn 11 3po6jieHo Bace b Khgbí. 2. BaHCJiHBHH raTyHOK HayKOBoI jiiTepaTypn ciaHOBJíaTb TBopn icTopn^HÍ. 3 Bojirapii npHHinoB nepeKJiaa cbítoboí icTopii IoaHa MaJiajiH (6 ct.) : u,e nepeBaacHo icTopia aHTH^Ha Ta paHHa BÍ3aH-TÍHc&Ka 30 K)cTÍHÍaHa, noBHa ijiKaBnx ípaHTacTHHHHx onoBiaaHt; ľi unTyc Bace jiiTonnc nia p. 1114, oTace, BOHa Mycnjia npHHTH 30 KHGBa m,e b 11 ct. XpoHma Majiajín yBinnijia nÍ3HÍnie 30 CKJiaay KOMnijiaTHBHHx „xpoHorpacpiß" (3hb. II. 3). — .ZJajieKo cyxinia 53 „XpoHÍKa" Teoprm AMapxojia (BJiacHe FaMapTOJia = rpmiHHKa, „MHororpiuiHoro"), m,o 3BepTae rojioBHy yBary Ha icTopiio BÍ3aHTÍi Ta nonae nopyn eochtb noBepxoBoro, 3 bcjihkoio yBaroK) np aHeK-noTHHHoro MaTepiHJiy, BHKJiany nonin TaKoac hochtb 6araTO ícto-pHKO-KyjiLTypHoro MaTepiajiy, Hanp., ho icTopii öorocjioBCBKHx cne-penaHb Ta naBÍTB (pijiocoťpii, hkhh, inpnpaBna, b pyKonncax nacTo CKoponyBajiH. AMapTOJia nepeKJianeHo, MaôyTB, kojiokthbho, 60 b mobí TBopy 3HaxoflHMo i BHpa3HÍ cTapopycBKi ejieMeHTH, i KpÍM toto nÍBfleHHOCJioB'jiHci>KÍ Ta MopaBCBKi: MOJKJiHBo, mp neá nepeKJian. 3ajiHHiHB HaM CBÍnpn,TB0 npo MÍiuaHHH CKJian. tígi komícíí nepe-KJiaaaHiB, HKy yTBopHB khh3b HpocjiaB y Khgbí, ajie moíkjihbo, mp nepeKJian, 3poÖJieHo b n,apropon.i- AMapTOJi Maß HHMajiHÖ ycnix. Ko-pncTaBca HHM i jíiTonncenB. MeHHi posnoBcionaceHa ôyjia xpoHÍKa Teopria CiHKejia (8-9 ct.), mp nonaBajia CBHineHHy Ta BÍ3aHTÍScBKy icTopüo b nyace cthcjiíh (popMi. Ihihí TBopn Menní niKaBi (Hanp. icTopia BcejieHCbKHX coöopiß b „l3ÖopHHKy" CBHTocjiaBa 1073 p.) aöo icHyBaHHfl ix 3a Khibcbkoí noon HeneBHe, jraine nÍ3HÍuie npnxo-ji;htb 3 Bojirapii nepeKJian, nncaHoi Han3BHMaHHo nnniHoio moboio xpoHÍKH MaHacii. 3. J\0 iCTOpHHHHX TBOpÍB HaJieaCHTB TaKOJK ICTOpia IlajieCTHHH (bíh 2 ct. nepen. P. Xp. 30 3pynHyBaHHa GpycajiHMy) HocHcpa jiHBÍfi. BoHa nÍKaBHjia n h Tana Bace cboim 3b'h3Kom 3 CBaineHHOio icTopiGio. IlepeKJian,, 3 BHpa3HHMH o3HaKaMH KHiBCBKoro noxonaceH-HH, npnac no rpen,BKoro TeKCTy neaKi npnoBHeHHa npo XpncTa, npo IoaHa XpncTHTejia (noxon,aceHHH h,hx npnaTKÍB me npci He h,íjikom acHe: He BHKJiiOHeHo, mo bohh 6yjiH Bace b HeBinoMifi HaM Tenep penaKun rpeuBKoro TeKCTy, y ßinpMirl penaKH.ii Ix HeMac). Ajie n,i-KäßicTB KHHrH njia HHTaHÍB noJiHrajia TaKoac y (popMi BHKJiany: TBip ČpjiHBia - OHHH 3 HaiÍKpaiHHX 3pa3KÍB rpeUBKOrO CTHJIIO BÍH- CBKOB01 noßicTH. JJ,o Toro h nepeKJiana*! nepenaG cbíh tskct bíjibho, jierKoio, npnponHoio moboio. Tam Micn,a, hk xapaKTepncTHKa phm-CBKoro BificBKa — ,,Byxa ix rocTpi Ha cjiyxamia, oni 3paTB Ha xo-pyrBH, pyKH totobí 30 dm", — ohhch 6htb — ,,i 6yjio 6a*iHTH jia-MaHHa cnnciB, i cKperir MeniB, i nopyÔam iuh™? i 3eMJia Hannjiaca KpoBH", „CTpijiH 3aTeMHHJiH cbítjio", 3aÔHTÍ „nanajín, HKo chohh" i t. n,., — BnaHHyjiH i Ha bíhcbkobí onoBinaHHa JiÍTonHCÍB i HaBÍTB Ha „Cjiobo o nojiKy Iropeßi". 4. IIpHpoflHHHi TBopn — up HacaMnepen, „HlecTonHeBH" — bh-KJian. npHpofl03HaBCTBa b (popMi KOMeHTapa ho icTopií inecra hhíb TBOpeHHH CBÍTy. MaGMO TyT i KOpOTKHH BHKJiaH CBÍTCBK01 HayKH i nojieMiKy 3 Heio. 3rap;yGTBca i npo (pijiocoípiHHe B^eHHa npo ejie-MeHTH, i npo pyx HeôecHHX cbíthji, i npo TBapnHH Ta pocjihhh. Ab-Topn „IIIecTonneBiB" He oÖMeacyiOTtca Ha TOMy, mo nosaiOTB njjiy 51f eHH.HKJionen.iio pÍ3hom&híthhx BÍn,oMocTeH, bohh 30KpeMa 3BepTaK>Tb yBary Ha cnMBOJiinHe SHa^eHHa npnponHoro ÔyTTa, poÖJiaTb 3 nony-jiHpHO-HayKOBoro BHKJiany Mopajitm a6o pejiirinm bhchobkh Toinp-Oohhbí BÍ30MÍ HaM „IIIecTHnHeBH" npnnmjiH flo Hac 3 Bojirapii: n,e „IIIecTOHHeB" Bacnjiia BejinKoro Ta nepepoÖKa noro IoaHa Ek-3apxa BojirapcbKoro (9-10 ct.), jikhh aoflaB 30 TeKCTy Bacnjiia Be-jiHKoro pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHO MaTepiaji, 3ano3H^eHHH, MaöyTb, 3,q;e6ijib-nioro 3 mniHX „IIIecTonHeBiB". 3HaxoRHMo TyT 3raHKn npo HayKy IIjiaTOHa, ApicTOTejiH Ta íhuihx CTapnx (pijiocoÍ3Íojior". IJe 36ipKa onoBi^aHb npo TBapHHH, npo KaMÍHHH, flepeBa, n,e nopyq ko- POTKHX, HaCTO (paHTaCTHHHHX BlflOMOCTeH npo OKpeMi TBapHHH, 30K- peMa 3BepHeHo yBary Ha cnMBOJii^He SHa^eHHa ko»choí TBapHHH: önacojia — npaubOBHTicTb, (pemKC — BocKpeciHHa, rojiyÖKa — ßip-HicTb (o6pa3 rojiyÔKH, m,o njiane 3a cbogkd RpyacHHoio, b jihctí BojioanMnpa MoHOMaxa g Bace b „«risiojiora"). BnTOBMa^eHo flincm h (paHTacTHHHi bí^omoctí (Hanp., jieBHija Haponacyc MepTBHx jiese- HHT, AKHX JieB 3a Tpn flHÍ oaCHBJIHG CB01M nOßHXOM — CHMBOJI BOC- KpeciHHa). 3ycTpÍHaGMo TyT, KpiM cpemKca, cajiaMaHnpy, mp acHBe b ofhí, Ta íhhií (paHTacTHHHi TBapHHH. 06pa3aMH ,,*Í3Íojiora" KO-pncTaanca Bace otijí n,epKBH i nponoßiaHHKH aac ap 18 ct.; g HHMajio 3ranoK mp b CKOBopon,H. reorpamh iHHHKonjioBa (6 ct.) b 12 ct. nepeKJianpHO Bace b Khgbí (g pyKonncH 3 bcjihkoio kíjii>kíctk) MajnoHKÍB); onHc BcecBÍTy, po3yMÍGTbca, BinrioBinaG yaB-jieHHaM Tóro *iacy (3eMjia — MorapmcyTHa njioiuHHa Tomp); Miac mniHM, TyT nosano npaKi bíhomoctí npo eK30THtrai TBapHHH- 5. Memne jiiTepaTypHe 3HaneHHa MaioTb nepeKJiann b rajiy3i nppKOBHoro npaBa: „Kopivpiaa" (a6o „HoMOKaHOH") — 3ÖipKa HopM iíepKOBHoro npaBa. CTapmy oopoÓKy IoaHa CxojiacTHKa nepeKJia-npHo iue 3a KHpHjio-MeToaiiBCbKoi ftoÖH, nÍ3HÍiiia <í>OTÍGBa oôpoÔKa po3noBCK>HHJiaca hotím, ajie b 13 ct. npnHniJia np cxíhhíx cjioß'aH flajibnia KOMeHTOBaHa oöpoÖKa <3>oTÍGBoro „HoMOKaHOHy". n.ÍKaBÍ 3axiflHÍ eaeMeHTH b „HoMOKaHOHi", mo CBinnaTB npo MopaBCbKe no-xoflJKeHHa npnHanMHÍ oKpeivrnx noro nacTHH. 6. Cbítcbkhh xapaKTep MaiOTL no^acTn pisHi 3ÖipHHKn. CjiaBHO- 3BÍCHHH 3ÖipHHK CBATOCJiaBa 1073 p. MaG, KpÍM ÖOrOCJIOBCBKHX, icTopHHHi CTaTTi (npo BcejieHCbKi coÖopn, npo xponojioriio), i jíiTe-paTypHO-TeopeTH^mi (npo „Tponn i (pirypn", ,,o6pa3n" ceÔTo cth-jiboBi npHKpacH — Teopria XopoöocKa) Tomo. HeBejinKnn TBip Xo-poöocKa 6yB niapy^HHKOM noeTHKH cTapo'i YKpamn. JJp onncy mhc- 55 TeijbKHX 3aco6ÍB cjiOBecHoro bmíhhh noflaHo npHKJiaptH, „rinepöojia" (nepeöijiBnieHHfl) ijiiocTpoBaHa npHKJiaßoM — jnoairaa HeceiBca „hk BÍTep"; „aHTOHOMacifl" (bíKHTOK 3aMÍCTB ÍMeHH JIÍOaHHH BKa3ÍBKH Ha ii BJiacTHBOCTi) noacHena TaKHMH npHKJiaaaMH, me 3aMicTB ÍMeHH jiioflHHH roBopHTfcCH „KyjiBraBHH" aöo „Tecjiap"; ahbhhm cnocoöoM, 3ycTpinaGMo oßHflBa n.i npaKJia^H b JiironHci, Re onoBiflacTtca, mo KOJiH HpocjiaB Myjj;pHH y bíhhí 3 Cbhtohojikom npHHinoB nijn, Khib 3 BÍHCBKOM 3 HOBropOflCBKHX MHUaH, kHHHH CMÍaJIHCa 3 HBoro, Ka- jKynn: „a bh, Tecjiapi, *ioMy npHHHiJiH ciOflH 3 miM KyjiBraBHM" — HpocjiaB, híhcho, 6yB KyjiBraBHH. IIpHKJia;n,aMH noacHeHo pi3ni imm „ipoHií" Torno- AyJKe po3noBCK)flJKeHÍ 6yjiH „B^jkojih" (MaKCHM IcnoBiflHHK 7 CT. Ta nÍ3HÍHlÍ oßpoÖKH) i íhhií 36ipKH. U,e 30ÍpKH ceHTeHi^iii 3Ha-MeHHTHX nHCBMeHHHKÍB. iHOfli TaKÍ CeHTeHU,Íl nOHIHpeHÍ HaBÍTB ro MÍHÍHTK)pHHX ÔafioK; TyT 3yCTpÍHaCM0 HHMaJIO (pÍJIOCO(pÍB Ta nHCBMeHHHKÍB. CeHTeHuii MaOHíe tíjibkh noB^ajiBHoro xapaKxepy. Ilepe-KJiafl 3po6jieHo b Khgbí, MaöyTB yace b 13 ct., Ram tckct nonrapio- BaHO Ta 3MÍHK)BäH0. IhIUÍ 30ÍpKH CeHTeHnÍH, Hanp., „CTOCJIOBeHt" TeHaflia, 3ycTpÍHaGMo TeJK (Hanp., yjKe b 36ipHHKy 1076 p., flro. II. 3K.). Ilopyn ntoro 3ycTpinaGMO i apiômini noB^aHHa b nyci ôíjibui cbítcbkoí Mopajii (b TOMy caMOMy 36ipHHKy); icHyBajiH i 30ipKH nHTaHB Ta Bi^noBmeö, opHriHajiBHicTB hkhx He 3aBHcaH rjih Hac 6e3- CyMHÍBHa (36ÍpHHK 13 CT., RHB. II. JK.). 36ipKH ceHTeHiíiň ni3muie aonoBHiOBajraca Ta cKopo^ryBajiHca. JleaKi CTaTii nepenncyBaHo OKpeMo. nismme JiioÔHTejii jrirepaTypH cKJia^ajiH BJiacHi 3ÖipKH nepeKJia^eHoro Ta opHfmajiBHoro MaTe-piajiy. Ilpn HBOMy nepenncyBaHHÖ MaTepiaji nacTo nepepoSjíiOBaHo. Oct npHKJiaflH KOpOTKHX nOBHaJIBHHX OnOBÍflaHB 3 „EflJKOJIH", in,o íx Tenep Ha3BajiH 6 „aHeKflOTaMH". CoKpaTOBi npHnncaHo, Hanp., TaKHH BHpa3'. bíh cKa3as jnoflHHi, mo npocHjia Majiapa HaMajiioBaTH Ha KaMem 11 nopTpeT: „Th öaacaGin, m,o6 KaMÍHB 6yB cxojkhö Ha Te6e, a thm He n,ÍKaBHinca, moö caM th He 3po6HBca noßiÖHHH ro KaMeHa". A60 onoBiflacTBca npo .ZJioreHa: noro xtocb raHHB, mo bíh xoflHTB no HeHHCTHx Micnax, bíh BiflnoBÍB: „I coHije cac Ha HeHHCTi Micn,a, ajie He 3a6py;miOGTBca". IcoKpaTOBi aKOCB po3noBÍ-jiH, m;o xtocb #ecB jiaaB Soro, Ha mo IeoKpaT bííehiobíb: ,,Hk6h th i^Boro He cjiyxaB 3 Hacojio^oK), to too 6h MeHe He jiaaB". EniKypo-bí npHnncaHo BHpa3: ,,ÍIk6h Bor nocjiyxaB mojihtob ycix jnoflefi, ... to BHrHHyB 6h BecB jnoflCBKHH piß, 60 jnoflH npoxaiOTB y mo-jiHTBax CHJiy jiHxoro flJia íhihhx"- 3ycTpi^aGMo onoBiflaHHa, inp ni^KpecjiioiOTB uíhhíctb KyjiBTypHoi TBopnocTH — Cii^ijiiHCBKHH i^ap 3anHiaB KceHO(poHTa, m,o toh flyMac npo ToMepa, a kojih KceHo- 56 (pOHT raHHB ToMepa, to 3anHTaB äoro: „Ckíjibkh paöiß th Macm?" Ton BÍnnoBÍB: „JJbox, Ta h thx jien.Be Moacy HaronyBaTn". Toni cíu.íjiíhcbkhh n.ap BÍnnoBÍB: „A He copoMHinca raHHTH ToMepa, mp h no cboíh CMepTi ronye thchhí jnonpii cboí'm MHCTenTBOM" (cniBniB ňoro noeM). Eíjibhiíctb onoßinaHb Mae MopajiBHHÍi xapaKTep. Hanp., ApicTOTejießi npnnncaHO Bnpa3: „Chjibhíiiihh toh, xto nepeMarae npncTpacTt, amac toh, xto nepeivrarae bohkíb"; IIjiaTOHOBi: „Xto npHHMae BejíHKy BJiany, MycHTb MaTn sejinKnä po3yM"; äoMy cane: „IIOHaTOK 3HaHHa - 3p03yMÍTH cbog He3HaHHfl" . . . HHMajIO i BH- poKÍB „CBiTC&Koro" xapaKTepy. TaK npo OjieKcaHnpa BejinKoro po3-noBinacTbca b MEn.acojii", mp bíh Ha npoxaHHa cbogi „npyacHHn" Ha-nacTH bhohí Ha BoporiB, BinnoBiB: „Hp He 6ynp nepeMora uapcbKoi chjih" (jinnapcbKa Mopajib!). A6o npo nepcbKoro napa Kipa: no Hboro npHBejín lOHaKÍB 3 oÓBHHyBaneHHHM, mp bohh Jiaajín ňoro npn bhhí. Ohhh 3 K>HaKÍB Ha 3anHTaHHa napa, np npasna, BÍnnoBÍB ; „Mu ne roBopnjiH, napio, ajie cKa3ajin 6 me óijibine, hk6h MäJín öijibuie BHHa", G ň npcnTb noBri onoBÍnaHHa. JJpaKi 3 hhx jiarjín b ocHOBy yKpamcbKHX HaponHHX aHeKnoT, nepeKa3ÍB, npn-cjiíb'ib. IHp b 17-18 bb. noBTopioiOTbca Tara bhcjiobh, aic: „He 6a-raTHH macaHBHÖ, a toö, xto He noTpeôyc öaraTCTBa" (noniÖHe y CKOBopoflH), a6o „Ha 3eMjno npnnniOB tojihm, rojiHM BÍninny nin. 3eMJno (an noMpy) . •. " (BipniHK 3 nicio tcmoio e y BejiHHKÍB-cbKoro). G onoBÍnaHHa, mp noBTopioiOTtca b naTepHKax. KoaceH po3fliJi „EnacojiH" noHHHaGTLca 3 UHTaT 3 cb. nncLMa Ta oth;íb qepKBH, a Bace noTÍM HaBonaTbca onoBiflaHHa „cbítcbkí". 7. HayKOBa jiiTepaTypa Majia Maüace bhkjihdhho xapaKTep no-nyjiapH3an;ii i TOMy He CTajia ochoboio caMocTinnoi' HayKOBoi niajib-hocth, KpiM icTopiorpacpii (jiÍTonnciB Ta xpoHorpacpiß) Ta nonaTKÍB ôorocjioBCBKOi eK3ere3H (Hanp., y KjiHMa CMOJiarana). Ajie jiiTepa-TypHe SHa^eHHa ii BeJin^esHe. Bec& cbít Ma b 3 norjiany Toro^acHoro CBiTorjiany chmbojií^ihhh Ta pejiirinHnS ceHc: bcí íctophhhí noni'i, TBapnHH, pocanHH, 3opi, KaMÍHHH — Bce 6yjio noniömcno 6oacecT-BeHHoro CBÍTy. ToMy peJiirifim nHCBMeHHHKH KopHCTaanca oxone bcím HaKynneHHM y crapiS HayKOBiS jiiTepaTypi MaTepiajioM. JXesiKi TBopn (Majiajra, *I>jiaBÍa, „HlecTonHeBn", „JIHBÍH - Ue i B HOBÍTHÍX BHnaHHHX — n,ijii tomh. Po3Kbít nepeKJiaflHHnbKOi fliajibHocTH b Khgbí TpHBaB HenoBro, ajie fioro npoflyKTH jkhjih nÍ3HÍme nijii ctojiíttíi — aac 30 18 ct. TßopH, nepeKJiaflem b Khgbí, noninpHjiHca i b öajiKaHCLKHX cjiob'hh. ^eflKi TBopn He BTpaTHJiH iHTepecy Tan flOBro, mo poô-jieno hobí nepeKjiann, Hanp., <í»jihbíh b IT ct. 3HOBy nepeKJiaaeHo 3 nOJlbCBKoi MOBH. 6. IIOBiCTJipCTBO 1. Bace HayKOBa nepeKJiaflHa JiiTepaTypa, hk mh ôaHHJín, fla-Bajia öaraTO KpacHoro MaTepiaay HHTaneBi, i jíiTepaTypHHŮ bhjihb i! Ha CTapopycfcKe nncbMeHCTBo — 6e3cyMHÍBHHH. Ajie oflHonacHo no-HajiHCH nepeKJiaflH onpeMHx noBicTeH, i flyace mojkjihbo, ru,o fleaKi 3 hhx 3po6jieHÍ tígk) caMoio kh'íbcbkoio rpynoio nepeKJiaflaniB, aKa npaijioBajia Hafl nepeKJiaflaMH peairinHHx Ta HayKOBHx TBopiB. TaK ^h TaK, m,e B 11-13 BB. öyjin nepeKJiaflH kíjibkox noBicTeň. 2. TeMa „OaeKcaHflpii" — icTopia OaeKcaHflpa MaKeflOHctKoro — oflHa 3 Haopo3noBCK)flaíeHÍHiHX TeM cbítoboi jiiTepaTypn. enpaBfli flyace aBaHTypHoro acHTTa BejíHKoro BoSoBHHKa floflaHo me HHCJieHHi (paHTacTHHHi, Ka3KOBÍ MOTHBH. IIoxoflH OaeKcaHflpa fla-BajiH MoacjiHBicTB cKynHHTH b onoBÍflaHHÍ npo Htoro BÍflOMocTi npo PÍ3HÍ HapOflH, 3 HKHMH HOMy flOBOflHJIOCa 3yCTpÍHaTHCa. SÍHTTa Be- jíHKoro 3aBOHOBHHKa Ta TpariHHa flOJia äoro Boporiß cajvii coôoio noBHi Hafl3BHHaHHoro HanpyaceHHa i Morvra npaBHTH 3a npeflMeT po3yMyBaHb. PoMaH npo OjieKcaHflpa HanncaHo no-rpentKH fleet y 2-3 ct. no P. X. b cepepi OaeKcaHflpiHCLKOi KyjibTypn, 6o poaa GrnnTy b poMam 3aHaflTo BejíHKa, xona npnnHcyBaHo fíoro Kajiic-TeHOBi, cynacHHKOBi OjieKcaHflpa, i TOMy 3BeTtca bíh „nceBflOKaaic-T6H0BHM". Ueö poMaH b 5 ct. 6yB oöpoöaeHHH oflHO^acHo no jiaTHHi Ta HaHOBo no-rpentKH, 3 m,e ôíjiluioio flOMiniKoio cpaHTacTHKH. IIÍ3-Hinie nocTajia rpeutKa xpHCTHaHCbKa oopoÔKa, aKa OaeKcaHflpa 3o6paaTh HapiBHi 3HaKH. BnxoBaHHH OjieKcaHflpa, fioro kíhb „^ojiobíko-an,enb", fioro 3aÓáBKH — Bee ne HesBnqaÖHe. BcTynnBinn Ha TpoH, OjieKcaHnep BÍppa3y no*iHHae noxip; npoTH nepciB. IIopyM: BejiH-KHX nepeMor Han, nepctKHM napein JJapÍGM, Hap; íhhíhcbkhm IIo-poM, noBicTb onncye nincm (IlajiecTHHy) Ta cpaHTacTHHHÍ a6o HanÍB(paHTacTHHHÍ KpaiHH Ta HapoOH (aMa30HOK, „paxMamB" ■—-o^eBHflHO, íhhíhcijKhx 6paxMaHÍB), nnBa, am TaM öannB OjieKcaH-n,ep Ta nhcaBÍ aBaHTypn, hkí bíh nepeJKHBaB. y BaBHjioHi noro OTpyiOG noro „BHHOHepmň"; bíh yMHpae 3HOBy npn nynecHHx 3Ha-Kax. Hanôijibine po3noBCK>;ipKeHHH „OjieKeaHnpi'i" HajieaaiTb no nÍ3-híhihx nacÍB, ajie Bace Ha cthjib rajranbKoro JíiTonncy „OjieKcaH-npia" Majia BnjinB, hk i Ha eni^m nepeKa3H (Hanp., npo Bojitry, nnB. II. G. 4). 3. IIobícti. npo Tpoio Teac HaJieacHTb 3,0 kjihchhhhx tbopíb cbí-toboí JíiTepaTypn (ToMep, BeprÍJiin). JXo KnGBa BOHa npHÖnuia 3 Bojirapii b cKJiani xpohíkh MajiajiH b HeroMepiBctKiň oôpoônj. (npn-nncyBaHÍH 7_Jíktícobí) . Ilonn nin. Tpocio Majiajia BinHOCHTb np naciB J-JaBHna. OnoBinac bíh He jiňme npo noaii nip, Tpocio, ajie ô npo BTe^y Oniccea ft pojilo rpeKÍB no 3aKÍHneHHÍ bíhhh. BaraTo ne b HOMy bíh po3xonnTbca 3 ToMepoM, nocHjiaiOHHca Ha „npeMypporo J4ÍKTÍca", Ta non,aG BejiHKHn KOMnjieKC rpenbKnx jiereHn,. BHKJian. cyxyBaran, ajie He 6e3 po3noBÍnanbKoro xncTy. IJiKaBi onncn oci6, Hanp., Te-jieHa — „rapHa Ha Bpony Ta Ha 3picT, KpacHonepca, nncTa, hk cmr, Mojrona Ha BHrjifm, 3 rapHHMH öpoBaMH, hocom Ta oöjihhhhm, míobto-pycHBa, BeJiHKOOKa, panicHa, cojionKorojioca, ^ynoBe aBnine míjk jKÍHKaMn, jiít in 6yjio 26". IIomíthhx BnJiHBÍB TpoaHCbKoi icTopií b cTapi nacH BKa3aTH He Moaceivio. PosnoBcionaceHa BOHa 6yjia b thx caMHX xpoHorpa(pÍHHHX TBopax, mo ň CTapa „OjieKcaHnpia". 4. HaH3BHHaHH0 niKaBHM TBOpOM g t. 3B. „,ZJeBreHÍGBe niamiG", nepeKJian. rpenbKoro enocy npo TJiremca AKpÍTa. CTaporo rpenb-Koro TeKCTy He 3Öeperjioca, i jinine b 19 ct. BnnaHo KijibKa hobí-hihx (16-17 ct) rpenbKnx tckctíb, mo nonaioTb TBip yace b nepe-poöJieHOMy Bnrjiani. 36epirca CTapno cJioB'aHCbKHn nepeKJian, Jiňme b 4-x pyKonncax, 3 hkhx Tpn He 30BCÍm noBHi, a 4-hh 3ropÍB nepefl BH^aHHaM. 3míct enocy TaKHŮ: nap apaBÍTCbKHÔ AMip (eaiip) 3a-xonnB xpHCTHaHCbKy nm^nniy; nepecjiinyBaHHO ií ÔpaxaMH, bíh oxpe-iirycTbca. JJ[HTHHa nboro noapyacaca g AKpiT-TJiremc („nBocpon,-hhh": bíh. „capaii;HHa" Ta rpeKHHÍ). Bace 3 AHTHHCTBa bíh noHHHaG rpaTH Me^ieM, cnncoM Ta Í3nnTH Ha kohí. HoTHpHafli^aTH pokíb bíh Ifle Ha jiobh: Jioca Ta Bep;Mep;a bíh po3pHBac HanBoc, a aeBa po3-cÍKac MeneM. 3MHBaioHH KpoB y flacepejii, JJjeBreHÍn MycÍB no^ojiaTH me MHororojioBoro 3MÍa. Ilicjia n;boro bíh noHHHac p,yMaTn npo aiJia 59 bíhcbkobí. Harofla npHenijia He3a6apoM: nap ÍJiinaT Ta Horo npnKa MaKCÍMiflHa noKJiHKajiH jihctom .ZJeBreHÍH 30 ce6e, ajie hk JJ,qb~ remS npHixaB Ha EijiinaTa. JíeB-remn noÖHB yce bíhcbko i nepeMÍr <3>ijiinaTa 3 MaKciMÍHHoio. Ajie bíh. HHX XteBreHiň npBÍnaBCH npo me CHJibmmoro npoxHBHHKa, Opa-THra (rpenbKe: nojiKOBoneub) Ta npo in,e Kpainy hďk MaKcÍMÍHHa HOHKy Oparara, CTpaTHriBHy. ^eBreHin Bnpymae 30 CTpaTnra. TaM bíh 3'HBJiaeTbCH ťajiHHTHHM KaBaJiepoM, rpae nepen. BÍKHaMH Opa-THriBHH eepeHaflH, Ta žoMy BnacTbCH 3aKoxaTH Ii b ceöe, TaK mo HenpHCTynHa HiBMHHa-öaraTHp 3ron,JKyeTbCH btckth 3 JJpBremcM bíh 6aTbKa. CTpaTHr lne 3 CHHaMH Ta bíhcbkom HaB3nprÍH, ajie ReB-remií nepeMarae noro Ta onpyacyGTbCH 3 OrpaTHrÍBHOio. nic jih n,boro ^eBreHiä nepeMarac me napn BacnjiÍH (rpentKe — ,map") Ta 3aBoôoByG fioro 3eMJiK> 3a npoponrBOM XHeBremGBÍ nicjia nboro 3aJiHiuaGTbca jkhth me JiHine 12 poKÍB. 3a nÍ3HÍuiHMH rpeubKHMH nepepoÖKaMH bíh nepeJKHBaG ine íhihí aBaHTypn, ajie b pyKonncax nepeKJiany bohh He 3ÖeperjiHCH. MaöyTb, opnriHaji CKJianaBCH, hk i nepeKJian,, 3 oKpeMHX enÍ3onÍB aöo niceHb (hhthhctbo .ZleBremH, ÔopoTbôa 3 4>ijiinaT0M, CTpaTHroM, BacHJiÍGM). IlepeKJian., hk i ne-peKJiaflH ayxoBHoi noe3Íi, 3po6jieHHH npo30K>. OpHťiHaJi, Maôyrb, 6yB BipmoBaHHH. Mojkjihbo, mo 6yjio n.Ba pi3Hi nepeKJianH. IcTopin /JeBremn — He JiHine n,ÍKaBHH npHKJian, enÍHHoro TBopy, mo MaB BnjiHB Ha KHÍBCbKHH enoc, ajie h Moace HaHpo3KÍinHiniHH Ta HaônnuiHiniHÍi cthjiícthhho TBip CTapoí khíbcbkoí jiirepaTypn. 3o6pajKeHHH Han.3BHnaHHo MajibOBHHne, nepeoÖTHHceHe 3ojiotom Ta öapBaMH: .Z^iremc „KpaceH nyace, jiHn,e Soro hk CHir, Ta pyM'HHe, hk MaKÍB kbít, bojiocch noro hk 30jioto, om BejiHKÍ, hk nauii, jKax- jihbo nO^hbhthch Ha HbOro" j OflHr HOrO BÍnnOBÍnaG 30BHÍniH0CTÍ — „onnr noprora, npoTKaHHH cyTHM 30ji0t0m, a HapyKaBHHKH ycnnam floporHMH nepjiaMH, a HaKOJíÍHHHKH — 3 npporoi naBOJioKH, a no-60th yci 30ji0tí, ycnnaHo Ix noporaMH nepjiaMH Ta kímíhhhm inap-rapHTOM". IIoniOHo BflHraiOTbCH h íhuií ocoôh, Hanp., CTpaTHr: Ha HbOMy ,,6pOHH SOJIOTa í niOJTOM 30ji0thh 3 HOporHM KaMÍHHHM Ta nepjiaMH, a KÍHb noro bkphthíí 3eJieHoio naBOJioKoio.. . "; HaMer AMipa „nepBOHHH, a npjii 3ejieHHÖ, a 3ropn npHKpaineHHÖ 3ojiotom, cpiÖJioM Ta nepjiaMH i n.oporHM KaMÍHHHM, a y 6paTa noro HaneT chhíh, a npjii 3ejieHHH. . * "; kíhb .HeBrema ,,6íjihh, rpnBy nepenjie- TeHO AOpOron.íhhhm KaMÍHHHM, a Čepen, KaMÍHHH 3OJIOTÍ A3BOHHKH*', „KÍHb nonaB BHrpaBaTH, a 33bohhkh fioro KpacHorojiccHo ôpnuiTii". Ka3K0B0 onncaHÍ i hhhh niSoBHX oci6: „IIoíxajiH, hk sojiotokphjií HCTpyÔH, a kohí ni^ hhmh hí6h jieTÍJin", „kíhb jKe noro 6yB CKopníí Ta rapHO BHrpaBaB, a lOHaK cmíjihbhh Ta bmíb Ha kohí chaíth"; 6'iOTbCH repoi, „hk floöpi Kocapi TpaBy kochtb"; .ZÍeBreHÍa „yxonHB 60 cbíh ciihc Ta h ynep y pi*iKy KmijeM i nepecKOHHB *iepe3 prroy... i cíb Ha CBoro kohh i nonaB raHHTH, aK floÖpHfi jkhod-l TpaBy ko- CHTb", „BHapHBCJI Cepefl hhx, HKO CHJIbHHH COKÍJI í HK flOÖpHH KO- cap TpaBy noKJiaB". MaeMO b enoci i jihcth, ho Tóro HasiíTb jiiooobhí. TaK MaKCHMÍHHa nHHie ,HeBreHÍGBÍ, mpnpaBfla, m,o6 bjiobhth Soro, aK „3aim.fi b TeHeTo": ,,0, CBÍTJie, CBÍT03apHe coHue, npecjiaBHHÖ /JeBremc: th naHyem Han... yciMa xopoöpnMH Ta chjibhhmh, hk Mail Micaím Han míchd;íimh: b Maio BCHKa Kpaca 3eMHa npoKBÍTae i jihctbhhí nepeBa BnaraiOTbca jihctom i.. . TaK i th čepen Hac npoKBiTaem, npecjiaBHHÖ .ZleBreHiG"- MaGMo b enoci i bíiuj chh, i ■qyTJiHBi, HasiTB ceHTHMeHTajibHÍ nepeJKHBaHHH, nepenaHi TaKoio ca-MOK) mmiHOio moboio: MaTH 3axonjieHoI AMopoM híb^hhh jKajÚGTbca: „YpBaB MeHi KopiHHH cepn.ii i npoKOJioB MeHe, HKO 6e3nyumy TpOCTHHy ..." Ua MOBHa po3KÍin noMiTHO no3HaHHjiacH Ha nnmHOTi TaKoi ic-Topn^Hoi Ta eni^Hoi JíiTepaTypn, aK rajraubKHn jíiTonnc, ,,Cjiobo o nojiKy IropeBi" toiu,o. IlepeKJian nocTaB He nÍ3Hime 12 ct. b Khgbí. 5. 3ycTpmeMo čepen nepeKJianeHHX TBopiB i noBicTi „ineoJio-riHHi", MeTa hkhx — noBHaHHH. JXo TaKnx HaaejKaTb He Haöripmi 3pa3KH CTapHX onoBinaHři. ITonepme n,e — „IIoBicTb npo npeMyn-poro AKipa". He — npacxapa noBÍCTb, mp nocTajia necb b Acnpií me b 7 ct. nepen P- X., nepes nsa cTopmna BOHa öyjia nepeiuianeHa Ha apaMeíicLKy Mosy, B»e tohí n,HTaTH 3 Hel noTpanujm no rpeu.b-Koi jri/repaTypn; b 5 ct. no P. X. li nepeKJianeHo Ha cnpiůcbKy MOBy, a Bace 3 apaöcbKoro nepeKJiany (9 ct.) 3po6jieHo rpeu,bKHH b 10 ct. y Khgbí noBÍCTb nepeKJianeno 3 rpeubKoii aöo CHpincbKoi MOBH, He nÍ3HÍme 12 ct. 3míct noBÍCTH nocHTb cKJianHHn: AKipa, HopannHKa HmeBinebKoro n,apa Cmarpina, 3a (pajibuiHBHM nono-coM noro BJiacHoro BHXoBaHija MaioTb noKapara na CMepTb. HoMy BnaGTbCH 3axoBaTHCH. Thm nacoM GrnnercbKHH cpapaoH BHMaraG bíh Cmarpina BHKOHaTH Baacm 3aBnaHHíi (36ynyßaTH najiau, míjk HeßoM Ta 3eMJieio, 3ihhth po3ÖHTi JKopHa toiuo), a amn,o too He BHKOHäG — naHHHH. TaKi BaJKKi 3aBnaHHH MOHíe po3B'H3aTH jiňme MynpHŮ AKip. IIpHHTeJib, y hkoto AKip xoBaBca, npnHocHTb n,apeßi panicHy 3BÍCTKy, inp too jkhbhö. AKip i'ne aK nocoji no CrmiTy, „BHKOHyG" (papaoHOBi BHMorn (hjih 3Iiihtth acopeH bíh npoxac hh-tok 3 íhiiihx jKopeH; y noBÍTpa bíh nycKac opJÚB 3 xjion^iHKaMH b Komax, xjionni BHMaraiOTb nonaTH im 6ynÍBejibHÍ MaTepiajin, Moro GrHnTHHH He MOJKyTb BHKOHaTH í T. h-). IIOBepHyBmHCfl, AKip 3H0By nicTac CBoro BnxoBaHna n-71*1 naJibmoro BHXOBaHHH, aKe, onHa^e, BnjiHBac Ha öinojiauiHoro TaK, in,o toh yMHpac. iHTepec onoßinaHHa nojiarac He CTiabKH b cio>KeTÍ, Ta HaBiTb He y BnajioMy po3B'a3aHHÍ BaacKHX 3aBHaHb, hk y thx hhcjichhux npHCJiiß'ax, m;o noposcnnam 61 b onoBinaHHi npo AKipoBe HaBHaHHH. CrapuS acHpificbKHH poMaH BnjiHHyB Ha Cxoni, 3naeTi>cH, HaBÍTb Ha TaKi KHHrn cb- ÜHCbMa, hk KHHra CipaxoBa, npHTHi Cojiomohobí Tomp. HnTan 3 3an,ÍKaBJieHH,$iM BnjiHHyB Ha Cxon,i, 3naeTbCH, HaBÍTb Ha TaKi khhiti cb. ÜHCbMa, hk híjk THCHHa nTHii,b y noBŕrpi", „kojih BOfla noTe^e Ha3aa,... a6o jkob^i cTaHe cojionKoio, TOfli nypHHÖ HaBHHTtcH po3yMy", „Moro He HyB ByxaMH, Te no^yGin hihgio" i t. n.. JJ,eam npHCjmťa nouinpem no 6aöoK. . . H,eS MaTepiaji BHKopHCTOByBajiH CTapi nncbMeHHHKH, aöo flocjiiBHo fioro nepeÖMaio^h a6o Hacjiinyio*iH hh BCTaBJiaiOHH B 3ÓÍpKH CeHTeHHlH. 6. /Jyace CTapa i mma „ineojioriHHa" noBicTb „CTecpamT Ta IxHÍJiaT". BoHa nocTajia b Ih;h,íi necb nepea 5 ct. no P. X-, nÍ3HÍnie Öyjia nepeKJianena Ha onHy 3 CTaponepcbKHx jíiTepaTypHHx mob, a 3 Tóro nepeKjiany b 8 ct. — Ha apaôcbKy („Kajiijia Ta JJttMHa") ; b 11 ct. 3 apaôcbKoi — Ha rpenbKy. 3 nboro rpeiibKoro nepeKJiany b 13 ct. 3po6jieHo cjioß'iiHCbKHH nepeKJian, y Bojirapü. IIpníiinoB Ho cxinmx cjiob'hh neá Tßip jinnie b ^acH TaTapcbKi, nÍ3HÍme bíh 6yB ,,XpHCTHJIHÍ30BaHHH" pÍ3HHMH BCTaBKäMH. 3MÍCT HOro 6aÔKO- bhh: ,,(piJioco(p" po3noBÍnae napeBi „npHTHi" MopajibHoro 3MÍCTy. ílepuia 3 HHX — icTopiH HiaKajiiB, CTecpamTa Ta IxHijiaTa, in,o ň co6i po3noBÍnaK)Tb najibini 6aHKH. B ithx öaÖKax ynacHHKH — TBa- PHHH, - BOBKH, JIHCHIIJ, raHBOpOHH, ajie nOpyH hhx eK30THHHÍ — CJIOHH, JieBH, MaBnn i t. n.. OKpeMi mothbh nonepexonHJiH b jiiTe-paTypy, ajie nepeBaamo b Ka3KH. 7- KynH BHnaTHiniHii g BejíHKHH iaeojiori^hhh, 6a HaBÍTb (pijio-coípŕiHHH poMaH „BapjiaaM Ta Ioacacp". lie ahbhhm ihhom — ic-Topis Eynnii! Uio icTopiio HanncaHo necb y 6 ct. no P. X. i Tenep He d;íjikom hcho, jikom moboio, ií nÍ3HÍnie nepeKJianeHo Ta nonepe-oöpoßjiiOBaHo Ha pÍ3HÍ mobh, a nicJia 7 ct. ,,xpHCTHHHÍ30BaHo" b rpentKiS mobí. OKpeivri icTopii 3 poMaHy 6yjin rpeKaM bíhomí me naB-HÍHie. rpeubKy o6po6Ky npmiHcyBaHo cb. IoaHOBi /JaMacKHHOBi. 3 Byann CTaB „iHniHCbKHíi napeBH*i Ioacaíp", BapjiaaM — acKeT, mo BHCTynac i b mniHCbKiž noBicTi. B 11 ct. noBicTb nepeKJianeno b Khgbí (oKpeMi nacTHHH, mohíjihbo, me Toro b Bojirapii). Ohho-^acHo BOHa noTpannjia Ha 3axin, ne tok 6yjia nyace nonyjiapHa. CaMa 3BopynijiHBa icTopia EyanH, napeBHna, mo noKHHyB npHHann Djboro CBÍTy, noöaHHBHiH ix HeneBHÍCTb, nonoBHeHa me iÚKaBHMH onoBiflaHHHMH BapjiaaMa Ta íhuihmh BCTaBKaMn: cepen, h.hx ono-BinaHb g nepjiHHH cbítoboí jiiTepaTypn, hk onoBinaHHH npo MaH- flpÍBHHKa, IUP, BTÍKaiOHH BÍH, G^HHOpora, Ha XBHJIHHy 3aTpHMaBCH Ha rijin,i pocjiHHH Hafl npoBajiJiHM, ne jieacaB 3míh, ajie, noôaHHBuiH Ha nepeßi Tpoxn Meny, no^aB ňoro ícth, 3a6yBiHH i 3a 3MÍa, i 3a GflHHOpora. Ľte - CHMBOJI KOpOTKO^aCHOCTH jkhtth- iHnie onoBiflaH- 62 HH — npo nxaxa, mo bmobhb mhcjihbii,íi iíoro BHnycTHTH b noßHKy 3a TpoG BaJKJiHBHx hchttbobhx npaBHJi: He nparHyTH Toro, noro He MOJKHa nicxaTH, He BipniH HenpaBn,onon,iÔHOMy, He HcajiKyBaxH 3a 3po6jieHHM. Ajie 3a XBHJIHHy BÍH 3MyCHB MHCJIHBU.h 3a6yxH BCi xpH npaBHJia, po3iiobíbhih fioMy, inp bíh, cojiOBeô, y BjiacHÓRiy HiJiyHKy Mae BejiH^e3HHn nifiMaHT. He norám i MopajiLHo-xpHCTH-hhcbkí noBHaHHH BapjiaaMa. IlepeKjian noßpe nepen,ae MHCTen/rBo BHKJiany opHťmajiy. Ycnix poivraHy HaÖKpanje 3acBinHyG Soro nony- JIHpHiCTB i b nÍ3HÍHIÍ HaCH (yKpaÍHCbKO-CJIOB'HHCbKe BHflaHHH 1637 p.), BHKopHCTaHHH noro onoBinaHt noeTaMH me b 19 ex. (m. íh. I. i>paHKOM). A 3a cxapnx naeiß KijibKa onoBÍn,aHt yBiSmjio 30 x. 3B. „üpojiory"; oKpe&ii onoBijjaHHa nepeoöpoÖJiKJBaB m. íh- Kh- PHJIO TypÍBCBKHH. 8. „OnoBinaHHH npo iH^iHCtKe n,apcTBo" — 3axinHf>oro noxo-HHceHHH. nocTajio BOHo b 11-12 ex. hk „TIhcx cBain,eHHKa loaHa", napa iHnificLKoro xpHcraaHCbKoro n;apcxBa, npo öoro nepacaBy. íle hí6h xpHCTHHHCbKa „yTonia", mo npoTHCTaBJíac Moryraio xeoKpa-xHHHy jj;epjKaBy eBponeSctKHM HBapaM. Maôyxb, jinnie nÍ3HÍme na MopajibHo-peJiirÍHHa yTonia öyjia nonoBHeHa Ka3K0BHM MaxepiaJioM, onncaMH po3KÍuiHoro jkhxxh b nepacaBi u,apa-CBameHHKa. Y rpen,ľi iipŘ xBip HaöyB SHa^eHHíi naivKpjieTy npoxn npexeHciô iivmepaxopa MaHyi'jia KoMHeHa (onoBinaHHa o(popMjieHe, hk jihcx CBHmeHHKa IoaHa MaHyíJioBi), cbítcbkhm TeHn,eHH,iaM sKoro npoxHCTaBJíeHo Teo-KpaxHHHy iHniöcbKy nepaíaBy. 3 JiaraHCbKoro noBicTb nepeKJianeHO Ha cJioB'HHmnHy necB y ^ajiManii", a b 13 ct. BOHa noxpannjia neBHo, cnonaTKy np rajiHHHHH, ne HKpa3 nepeôyBaB hk yxiKan ojxhh 3 pozraniB MaHyijia. Onne BeJinHe3Ho'i Kpamn — b on,hh 6ík 10 mí-canÍB xony, a b n/pyrHH — Kimia ,,jj;íhth He Moama"; i"i (paHxac-xHHHoro HacejieHHH (carapn, HaniBíHrpn xomo), xBapHH (ťpncpH, (pemKc i x. h), npporonÍHHoro KaMÍHHa, pocjiHH, po3Konii HBopy, mo nepeBHinyc BÍ3aHTÍHCbKy, nynoBHx najianÍB, íhuihx rhb, a ro-jiOBHe, cnojiyneHHH nyxoBHoi' Ta cbítcbkoi Bjiann — n,e Bce 3axon- JIIOBajIO HHTa^ÍB. BnJIHB Ka3KOBHX nonpOÖHUb nOBÍCTH Ha rajiHUt- khh enoc (JJ,k>k OrenaHOBH1!, Hypnjio ■— A"hb. III. JX) — 6e3cyM- HÍBHHH. MOJKJIHBHH BnJIHB i Ha raJIHI^bKHH JlÍTOnHC. BHKOpHCTaHa noBÍCTb i npn (mBHi^HocxinHiií) nepepo6n,i ,,OjieKcaHn,piľ', no aKOi BOHa yBinniJia ^HMajioio cbogk» nacTHHOio. 9. Hk öaHHMo, CKJian CTapoi nepeKJianeHoi" noBÍCTapcbKoi jiiTe-paTypH nocHTb pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHO. TyT i aBaHTypHHH repoiHHHÍi poMaH-enoc, i poMaH THny „JKhtíh", i noBicri „ineojiori^m", i noBÍCTi bíh-CbKOBi. 3 hhx MOJKHa ßyjio BHHTHca i bmíhhh BHKJiany, i nnniHOCTH MOBH, i MHCxen,XBa 6aÖKH, i cthcjiocth BHpa3y. BnjiHB d;íg'í Jiixepa- 63 Typu MHMajiHH. Yhhí b Khgbí Ta b rajiHHHHi HaHiujiHCfl no6pi. UjKaBO, mo BnjiHB noBicTHpcTBa 3axonHB i Táni JíiTeparypiri ra- TyHKH, HK, Hanp., JIÍTOnHC- r. Bipmi 1. CTapopyctKiÉ JíiTepaTypi, hk 3nacTbca, opaicyc híjikom BipniyBaHHH. U.e rhbho, kojih 3ranaGMo, aicy pojno rpajio Bipiny-BaHHH, Hanp., y necbKiô JíiTepaTypi 13-14 ct. Ta mo BÍ3aHTÍa Majia niHpOKy BipnioBaHy JíiTepaTypy. Oapa n;epKOBHocJiOB'HHCbKa JiÍTe-paTypa nepeíniajia BÍ3aHTÍHCbKHH Bipni 3 neBHoio kíjii.kíctio cKJia-ríb y pa^Ky, 3 H,e3ypoio (Heo6oB'a3KOBoio) Ta, MaöyTb, 3 HarojiocoM Ha nepeaocTaHHBOMy cKJiani. CTapi cjiob'hhcbkí Bipmi nepenncyBaHO m,e Ř nÍ3HÍine, ajie ix BipmoBoro xapaicrepy Bace He noMwajiH, — flo Hboro cnpHHHHHJiHca me 3míhh b mobí: 3hhkjih He ni3HÍme 11 ct. „b" Ta „t" hk tojiochí, srn ix yacHBaHo b CTapnx cjioB'aHCbKHX MOBax. B Khgbí, 3AaGTbca, opHťmajibHHx BipinÍB 30bcím He npoôy-BajiH nncaTH. CjioBa „Bipin" (cTHX"b) BacHBaHo rjix npo30Boi 06- POÖKH b;epKOBHHX rÍMHÍB. 2- KijibKicTb cTapnx BÍpiuÍB, qo flÍHniaH no Hac 3ae6ijibina b cxinHbocjiOB'aHCbKHX cnHCKax HHMaaa. IIÍ3HÍnii pocincbKi cnncKH MycaTb MaTH 3a ocHOBy CTapoKHÍBCbKy TpanHU,ÍK>. ľ[e, KpiM rbox noxBaji öojirapcbKOMy ijapeßi CaMyiJioBi (oHHa b 36ipHHKy 1073 p.), on,HÍGÍ mojihtbh Ta nepenMOBH 30 GBaHrejiii i t. íh. — aKpocTHXH, ceÖTo Bipnii, ne KoaceH panoK no^HiiaGTbca 3 íhuioí Jirrepn 3a no-panKOM aöeTKH. ^eani Bipmi MaioTb noHan 100 phhkíb. Ocb npnK-aan („b" Ta „t" rojiocm, nepnia noniÖHa no „i", HPyra — no „y") :* Syjio 3aJIHIIIHJIOCH 1 CKJiaAÍB no BTpaTi ,,i>' A3-b cjioBOMb cHMb MOJiioca Bory: 12 — 9 Boace Bbcea TBapn h 3HHCHHTejiio 12 — 11 BHRHMblMt h HeBHnHMbllWb 12 — 10 Tocnona ílyxa nocbjín acHBy- [inaro, 12 — 11 J\2l b^nijXHeTrb b"b cbpnbne mh [cjiobo, 12 — 8 Eace 6ynen> Ha ycnixT. Bbckarb, 12 — 8 }KHBymHHM-b B"b 3anoBT>nt>x'b [th . . . 12 — 9 *)3 orjiHfly Ha 6paK jíiTep y spyKapm Myniy 3aMiHHTn TaK 3Bam „hocobí" rojiociBKH („k>ch") Hepe3 ,,y", „io" xa ,,h". 6k JX> .ZJacepejia nepeKJiajjHoí Ta no3HHeHoi jiiTepaTypn 1. ITpHHHflBniH XpHCTHJIHCTBO 3 BÍ3aHTÍl, CXiaHÍ CJIOB'jIHH He MorjiH ßicTaTH b13 Hei cjiob'hhcbkoí jiiTepaTypn. 3 caMoro nonaTKy noBHHHi 6yjiH 3aB?H3aTHCH híhbí 3b'h3kh 3 EojirapiGio, bírkíjih npHH-HiJia i aßeTKa, i totobí nepeKJiajra öorocjiyjKÖOBHx Ta íhihhx khht i neflKa opHťinajibHa JíiTepaTypa. 3b'h3kh 3 Bojirapicio icHy-BajiH S pamnie. 3b'h3kh Hanioi mojiôaoí uepKBH 3a nepuii n'flTflecHT poKÍB i"í icHyBaHHH BejiHKOK) MipoKj öihjih jiß Eojirapü, a He 30 Bi-3aHTÍI: 3 Bojirapil npHUuijia, Tpeöa inyMara, nepiua KHÍBCBKa iepap-xíh, bí^tíjih npHOHijia jiiTepaTypHa MOBa Ta JíiTepaTypa. 2. TojioBHi nepeKJia^h SorocjiyacooBHx KHHr nocrajiH, 6e3 cyM-Hißy, BHce 3a naciB ^íhjilhocth KnpHjia Ta MeTo^ia b Mopaßü. Bohh nepefiiujiH 30 Bojirapil, a 3 Bojirapil, MaöyTB, npHÖnuiH ho Hac. IIo- MÍTHHX 03HaK "ix MopaBC&Koro nOXOflJKeHHH B MOBÍ ÖOrOCJiyJKÖOBHX KHHr HeMae: rtepKOBHOcjioB'jiHCBKa MOBa nocTajia nip; bhjihbom Ma-Ke^OHCbKoi MOBH šik JiiTepaTypHa MOBa RjiH pi3HHx cjiob'hhcbkhx HapofliB. 3 Bojirapil npHOmjiH i TBopn ,,3ojioToro BŮcy" 6ojirapcBKoI JiiTepaTypH, ho6h u,apH CnMeoHa (9-10 ct.) : „IIIecTo^HeB" IoaHa Ek-3apxa BojirapcBKoro, ,,y HHTe JiBHa GBaHrejiia" KocTHHTHHa IIpecBi-Tepa, nepeKJia^H „BorocjioBii" .ZJaMacKma Ta imne. 3 Bojirapil no- 3HHeH0 TaKOHC 36ÍpHHK CBHTOCJiaBÍB 1073 p., tomh BejIHKHX „HeTÍH- Mmež", ,,3jiaT0CTpyH", „XpomKy Majiajín". JlaBHinie icTopHKH Jiiie-paTypH BBaJKajiH, m,o Majio ne bch nepeKJia^Ha JíiTepaTypa cTaporo *iacy npHHiujia 3 Bojirapil, noKH He bhhbhjiocíi, mo *iacTHHa II My-CHjia 6yTH njioflOM khíbcbkoí npaui, 60 oKpeMi naM'fiTKH MaioTB BJiaCTHBOCTi CTapOpyCLKOÍ MOBH. Thm iGpapxiHHHM ijeHTpoM, mo 3 hhm 6yjia 3b'H3aHa naBHiuia KHÍBCBKa uepKBa, 6yB, 3jiaGTBCfl, OxpiacBKHH naTpiapx Ha «ajieKOMy 3axoAi Bojirapil. Eíjibuiíctb 3raflaHHX BHiue ôojirapcBKHX naM'HTOK e TBopaMH cxiflHBoí Bojirapil, a6o BBa>KajiHCJi 3a Tam. 3axi^HBO-ôojirapcBKHMH naM'aTKaMH e, Hanp., MaôyTB, tí, p;e bjkhto CTapiuioI cjiob'hhcbkoí aôeTKH, ,,rjiarojiHn,i", 60 b cxiflHiS Bojirapil II Majio BHíHBajiocH. Mobhí 03HaKH 3axi;n,HBoí öojirapiHHHH 3HaöneHo b ncaji-THpi 3 KOMeHTapíiMH ATaHaciíi (pyKonncii 11-12 ct.). 3. 3oKpeMa nÍKaBa rpyna naM'HTOK MopaBCBKoro Ta *iecBKoro noxoaHceHHH — h,e naM'htkh, m,o nocTajín nijj nac icHyBaHHH n,ep-kobho-cjiob'hhcbkoí ßorocjiyjKÖH b MopaBil Ta Mexii. íx nepeKjia-HeHo ^acTo 3 JiaTHHH, 60 nepKOBHe jkhtth 3axi;mix cjiob'hh Ôyjio mijiBHo noB'íi3aHe 3 KaTojraijBKOio nepKBoio. MoBa nnx naM'HTOK Mac THnoBo ^ecBKi cjioBa („noHeBaHíe", „ne^ia", „h3bojihth" — bh-ôpaTH toid;o) Ta ejieMeHTH KaTOJiHi^BKoi" TepMÍHOJiorií: onjiaTOKt, nanŤiHCB, KOCTeji^., ,,cb. Mapiii" (3aMÍcTB ,,BoropoflHD;fl"). D|i naM'aT- 65 KH npHHHiJiH no KHGBa Ta npjKHJiH no najieKo nÍ3HÍmoi noon. „Ee-cíhh nanH TpHropia" raic 3b, „Phmcbkhh naTepHK" cTajin HaBÍTB njKepejioM nejiKHX nonoBHeni, no „Ilpojiory". MaGMo cepen MopaB-cbkhx naM'flTOK hchtíh 3axinHÍx cBHTHx: BeHenHKxa, Bixa, IoaHa MHJiocTHBoro, AnojimapiH PaBeHCBKoro, CTecpana, XpH3oroHa i t. h-* a TaKOHÍ JKHTÍH HeCBKHX cbhthx: B'HHecjiaBa, JIlOnMHJIH (30KpeMa rapHe BejiHKe jkhtíg B'n^ecjiaBa t. 3b. ryMnojibnoBe, nepeKJianeHe 3 jiaTHHH). Hapenm, TaKHH BamjiHBHH anoKpn(p, hk „HHKonnMOBa GBaHrejim" Ta neflKi mojihtbh, m,o b hhx 3ranaHo 3axinHix cbhthx: í>jiopÍHHa, Bajibnypry, Brra, MaťHyca, KaHyTa, Boimxa Ta íh. Tbo-pn MopaBCtKoro noxon»ceHHH MajiH HHMajiy nonyjiapmcTb Ta hh-MaJiHH BnjiHB Ha Hamy cTapy jiiTepaxypy: Tan BnjiHBH íkhtíh B'jrqe-cjiaßa 3HaôneHo b híhtíhx, nncaHHx HecTopoM (naß. II. T. 2-4), 30KpeMa HiHpoKi biijihbh „HHKonHMOBoi GBaHrejiii". 4. DliKaBo, mp b cTapiä jiiTepaTypi mojkcmo 3HaÖTH neBHi peuiT-KH TaKHX öojirapcbKHX Ta MopaBCBKHX TBopiB, mo no Hac He niö-iHjiH. Tan y jiiTonHci MaGMo onoßinaHHH npo kh. CßHTOcjiaBa, nncam 3 TaKHM 3HaHHHM ßojirapcBKHX bíhhochh, HKoro He MOíKHa npnnyc-THTH b Khgbí: Ma6ytb, n,e peniTKH SojirapcBKHX onoBinaHB npo Soro M6ojirapcBKy nojiiTHKy". OnoßinaHHH npo oxpHineHHH BojionnMHpa BeJíHKoro, 30KpeMa ôoro „npoôy Bip", Mac b ne^KHx BapiflHTax Taici aHäxpoHÍ3MH (naxpiHpx <í>otíh, „Tb hocjiíhhhkíb BH3HaTH, mo u,e onoBinaHHH e nepepoÔKoio öojirapcBKoro onoßinaHHH npo xpHineHHa oojirapcbKoro napn BopHca. 3HaxonnMo noniÖHi peniTKH i MopaBCBKoro noxon^KeHHa, Ue, nonepme, onoßinaHHH npo BHHaxin cjiob'hhcbkoi aôeTKH Ta nepe-KJian CB. ÜHCBMa 3 JiiTonHcy. Tlajii b Jirronnci onoBinacTbcn npo po3cejiemm cjiob'hh 3 nonpoÔHijHMH, mp Morvm nJKaBHTH Jinme 3a-xinHix cjiob'hh. I d;í mícijh MoJKyib 6yTH peniTKaMH HKorocB Mopaß-CBKoro icTopHHHoro nepeKa3y. 3ranye jiiionnc „oöpiß", ceôro asa-piB, ru;o ny^Ke thíthjih cjioB'HHCBKe njieM'fl ,,ayjii6ÍB" Ta 3arnHyjiH 6e3 cjiiny, 3 noro ninijio npncjiiß'h „nornÔoma aKH 06pT>", IJi ,,ny-jií6h", MaôyTB, necBKi „nyn-^eÔH", 3 aBapaMH cxinmM cjioB'HHaM MaibKe He noBonnjiocH 3ycTpinaTHCH, oTHce, Bce onoßinaHHH Ta npn-cjiíb'h, MaôyTB, MopaBCbKo-^cecBKoro noxonJKeHHH. HapeniTi, onoßinaHHH „EjiHHCbKoro jiÍTonHcu;H" npo CMepTb Attíjih BKa3ye Ha CBOG 3aXÍnHG nOXOHJKeHHH TaKHMH CJIOBaMH, HK „KOCTeJľB", ,, BOJI OXT>" (ÍTaJIÍGD;b). 5. Ajie HafiniKaBiine hjih nac, hkí TBopn nepeKJianem 6yjin BHce y Hac. KpiM (poHeTHHHo-Mop4)ojiorÍMHHX 03HaK, BKa3yiOTB Ha cxin- HBOCJIOB'HHCBKe (MOHCHa BÍnpÍ3HHTH Í KH1BCBKÍ naM'flTKH BÍH hob- roponcBKHx) noxonJKeHHH nepeKJianiß i cjioBa, mo He BHCHBajiHca 66 íhuihmh rpynaMH cjiob'hh (Hanp. cjiob'hhcbkí cjiOBa: nocanHHK, rpHBHa, Kyna, Hacan,, Koacyx; no3Hnem: njiyr, TiyH, hiobk, aceMHyr, yKcyc, Kant, o6e3i>HHa, Jiapt; BJiacHi iMena: Cypoac, Cyfl = nponjiHB KOJio IJapropony, o6e3 = rpy3HH, BeHeflHB-h toiuo). OÖMeacHMoca Ha nepejiÍKy naM'aTOK, hio npo hhx mh Bace roBopnjiH BHine- n,e — BHTOBManeHHH jihctíb an. IlaBJía ra „IIíchí IliceHb", KHnra Eccpipi, „Ilpojior", acHTia — AHflpia lOpoflHBoro, OecpaHa Cypo3bKoro, 3>e-flopa OynHTa, nyfleca Mhkojih HynoTBopna, neaKi .ZjMHTpa CoJiyH-cbKoro, Ko3bMH Ta AaM'aHa b Kopcyni, Teopria, nponoßifli <í>eflopa CTynrra, „IIocjiaHie" IleTpa AHTioxificbKoro, onoBinaHHa npo nepe-HeceHHa moii^íb Mhkojih HyfloTBopija b Bapi, onoBinaHHa npo 6y-flOBy nepKBH cb. Cocpii b Hapropofli, CTynmcbKHti yciaB, IlaHfleKTH HHKOHa HopHoropu;a. 3 anoKpncpiB: hchtth Moôcea Ta pÍ3HÍ onoBinaHHa npo CoaoMOHa, acHTie MaKapia Phmjihhhhe, onoBinaHHa npo Aßrapa. 3 cbítcbko'í jiiTepaTypn ■— Ko3LMa InnnKonjioB, HocH(p <í»jiaBÍH, ,,<ři3iojior" („2-oí pena.kh,ii"), „EnacoJia", acpopH3MH Me-HaHflpa, xpOHÍKa AinapTojia (nepeKJiafleHa moHaífoieHiHe 3a ynacTio KHaHHHa), poMaH npo ReBremn, AKip. Hk ÖannMO, npcHTb ÍMno3aHT-hhh cnncoK. Xon i MoacjiHBO, mo fleaKi 3 u,hx tbopíb Jinnie npoTH-roM cbogI icTopii Ha cxofli HaöpajiH cxiflHbocjioB'aHCBKHx a6o yKpa-íhcbkhx pne, ajie 6yjio HaneBHe HHMajio íhhihx nepeKJiafleHHx npan,i>, Bifl aKHx He 36eperjioca HaňMeHHiHX peuiTOK. IlepeKJiaflHa jiiTepa-Typa ôyjia, b KoacHOMy pa3i, HHCJieHHa Ta pÍ3HOMaHÍTHa, a nepeKJia-flantKa fliajii>HÍcTb y CTapiä YKpami — uinpoKa. I. ^OBA MOHyMEHTAJIBHOrO CTHJIK) (KHlBCBKA ^EPJKABA) A. XapaKTepHCTHKa 1. XoneMo TyT nop;aTH HacaMnepen jiiTepaiypHy xapaK-TepncTHKy niei" noon. 3aBflaHHs He Jierne, 60 njia 11 ct. nynce Majio 3po6jieHo nocjiiflHHKaMH, mo noci npainoBajiH 3ne6ijibnia a6o (pijio-jioriHHOK) a6o coniojiori^moio MeTonoio. <Ě>ijiojiormHÍH hikojií Hajie-MiHTB EejiH^esHa 3acjiyra y BHHCHeHHÍ, nocKÍJibKH ne 303bojihg Ma-Tepiaji, icTopii tckctíb oKpeMHX TBopiB cTapoi" jiiTepaTypH, Ix flaiy-behhk, BCTaHOBJieHHH ix Micn,eBoro hh nyacoro noxonmeHHii, aBTop-cTBa Tom,o. Ajie MaTepinji He 3aBacnn no3BOJiHG npcarayTH neBHHX bhchobkíb y nboMy: HaHBHi 3aHanTo Bace ni3Hi, nacTo JiHHie 3 15-ro, a to h 3 17-18 ct. pyKonncn, hkí nacTo nywie BÍnpi3HHK>TbCH o^hh Bin onHoro. G BnnanKH, KOJiH He 3BaHíaiOHH Ha bcí 3ycnjijiH h noci He BnajiocH BCTaHOBHTH aHi nacy noxonnceHHa naM'htkh (Hanp., „MojieHHG JJaHHiJia", inp öoro BinHoenjin no 12 a6o 13, ajie i no 11 ct.), am mícu,h ii noxonJKCHHH (nanp., AMapTOJia, mcoro mobhí BJiaCTHBOCTi poÖJIHTb MÍCH,e HOrO nOCTaHHH ne^íO CyMHÍBHHM). CyMHiBHHM naCTO G Í aBTOpCTBO TBOpÍB: Hanp., BHCJIOBJieHO cyMHÍBH mono HecTopoBoro cniBaBTopcTBa b JiiTonnci Ta moflo 3HaH-hoi ôijibmocTH npnnncyBaHHX 3>eonocicBÍ nenepcbKOMy nponoBinis Tomp. Ajie nocHTb ^lacTo BnaBaJioca BcxaHOBHTH u,ÍKaBy nepenicTO-piio TBopy, CTopiHKH jiiTepaiypnoro íkhtth, hkí HaM 6e3nocepennbo HeBinoMi, ajie npo akí cßinnaTb nÍ3HÍmi naM'htkh, jriTepaTypm Bin-HOCHHH, npo hkí 30bcím He 3ajinninjiocH npHMHx 3ranoK (nanp., BnjiHBH MopaBCbKoi jiiTeparypn Toinp). TaKi peKOHCTpyKnii MHHy-jioro HansBH^aOHo HÍKaBÍ Ta Kopnem, bohh Tem g 3acjiyroio cpijio-jioriHHo'í mKOJin. MeHine 3HaneHHH MaiOTb npani coniojiormHoii, ícto-pn^moí Ta íhiuhx iem&, mp 3a JiiTepaTypHHMH naM'HTKaMn inyKaiOTb BHKJlIOqHO peaJIbHOl niHCHOCTH. BHKOpHCTOByiOHH 3 UÍGIO MeTOK) jiiTepaTypHy naM'irmy, bohh HepinKo nonaiOTb noôpnii KOMeHTap nO OKpeMHX MÍCUb naM'HTKH, ÍHOni nOHCHIOIOTb i ineOJlOriHHHH 3míct naM'htkh b qijioMy- Ajie 6yjio Jinme HeöaraTo nocjiinHHKÍB, hkí OCBÍTJIIOBajIH CyTO JIÍTepaTypHHH ÔÍK TBOpÍB, HaBÍTb TaKHX CTHJIÍC-th^IHO qÍKaBHX, HK JIÍTOnHC. 68 Mem 3naGTi>CH, mo nonaTOK 12-ro ctojiítth yxBopioe neBHy Me-Hcy míjk pi3HHMH jiiTepaTypHHMH cthjihmh: ino Meacy MOJKHa noMi- THTH, Hanp., MÍJK CTapímHM, T. 3B. „HeCTOpOBHM" JliTOnHCOM (flO 1113 p.), „Khibcbkhm" (mo nonimae nrapini 3anHCH b 20-x Ta 30-x pp. 12 CT.) Ta „rajIHĽ[bK0-B0JIHHCI>KH3l" JlÍTOnHCaMH. PÍ3HHD;K) 3HaH> neMo TaKOJK míjk nponoBinHMH 11-ro («reonpciö) Ta 12-ro ctojiítb; Tana >k pÍ3HHn,H g míjk „jkhtíhmh" 11-ro ctojiítth Ta „IlenepcbKHM naTepuKOM" 13-ro ct. TaK caMo MOJKHa npoTHCTaBHTH i TBopn pÍ3-HHX JiÍTepaTypHHX ťaTyHKÍB 3 11-ro Ta 12-13 ctojiítb.: „IIoyneHHG" BojioflHMHpa MoHOMaxa Mac pHCH „pammoro", „MojieHHG" /JaHHiJia — ,,nÍ3HÍmoro" cthjiio. Thhobhm npencTaBHHKOM „nÍ3HÍinoro" cth-jihd g „Cjiobo o nojiKy IropeBÍ", cnopin,HeHe 3 nponoBÍnHMH Knpnjia TypÍBCBKoro aóo rajiHH.bKO-BojiHHCBKHM jiÍTonncoM. Tpeôa onHane BH3HaTH, mO B 11 CT. MaGMO TaKOJK TBOpH, mO cthjiícthhho fle B ho- My noniOHÍ flo iiÍ3híiiihx, Hanp-, npoMOBy MHTponojíHTa IjiapioHa, a 30KpeMa „CKasamiG" npo 3a6nTTH Bopnca Ta Tjiioa. ITpn HeBe-jihkíh kíjibkoctí opnťmajiBHHX TBOpiß, mo flinnijiH flo Hac, TaKÍ „BhShHTKH" MaiOTB BejíHKe 3HaneHHH. 2. 3arajibH0 KaJKy^h, TBopaM khí'bcbkoí JiiTepaTypn 11 ct. BJiac-THBa neBHa cthjiícthhhe ,,m oHyMeHTajiBHÍCT b", BHÔy- flOBa 3 OKpeMHX p03MÍpHO HeHHCJieHHHX CTHJliCTH^hhx eJieMeHTÍB, oÔMe>KeHÍCTb Ha Majiy kíjibkíctb y BJKHBaHHi npHKpac Ta CKynnemiH yBarn Ha 3míctí. IlepmHM 3aBn,aHHHM aBTopiß, 3naGTi>cH, 6yB „nijio-bhh" BHKJian, 3MÍCTy. HacjiiflKOM ntoro g po3MÍpHo npocTa KOMno- 3HH.ÍH TBOpÍB. XapaKTepHCTHHHO, mO flyMKH BHKJiany HaCTO KOHU.eH- TpyíOTBCH b neBHy atpopncTH^my (popMyjiy, 3ne6ijibina HanpHKÍHni BHKJiafly. iHOfli (popMyjia noBTopiocTBCH KÍJibKa pa3ÍB npoTHroM bhk-jiany. JIÍTepaTypHe 3aBnaHHH nijioro TBopy, a6o npnHaHMm kojk-Horo OKpeMoro po3nijry — 30cepen,>KeHe Ha ohhíh nyMni i piflKo bíh.- XOflHTb Bifl He'í: BHKJiafl ,,MOHOTeMaTH^hhh", 3 OflHÍGK) TeMOIO. 3. Cthjiícthhhhmh HacjiiflKaMH n,ici ochobhoi phch g nacia He- HCHÍCTB KOMn03HU,íí TBOpÍB Ta npOCTOTa IX CHHTaKCH. Kojih aBTopoBi flOBoflHTtcH noflara BejíHKHÍí (paKTH^HHH MaTepisji (Hanp., y Hec- TOpOBOMy >KHTÍI 4>eOHOCÍH) aÔO BHCJIOBHTH pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍ nyMKH („IIo- yneHHG" BojioAHMHpa MoHOMaxa), bíh Majio flöaG 3a Te, inp6 HäfläTH OKpeMHM ejieMeHTaM neBHoro nopnnKy, 60 bcí bohh npoHHHii onmcio ňyMKOKj a6o HeHHCJieHHHMH flyMKaMH: TOMy oKpeMi ejieMeHTH bhk-Jiany npocTo öflyTb opn 3a oahhm (THnoBi söonemra b tckctí, 3 KÍHiíeBoio (popMyjioio „noBepHÍMoct flo nonepeflHboro"). JXm npoc-tíh a6o ÍHOfli HäBÍTL 6e3nopaflHÍH, KOMno3Hn.ii BiflnoBiflae i npocTOTa CHHTaKCHHHa: BHKJiafl 3fle6ijibma — 3 KopoTKHx peneHb, mo ypHB-nacTo äflyTb oflHe 3a oahhm, íhohí HaBÍTB nonacTH noBTopioio^H no-nepenHG. HacTi noBTopeHHH Toro caMoro ninMeTy a6o flonaTKy b 69 eycinmx peneHHHx: „inJTb 30 MicTa, a a 3aBTpa BincTynjno Bin, MicTa Ta niny b cbog mícto" aöo Maöace b KoacHOMy peneHHi — ím'h tígí caMoi niHOBoi ocoöh — Hanp., jirronnc — p. 1096, aöo jkhtíg eo- ftOCia. 4. JXo xapaKTepHCTHHHHx pne CTHjno cTapoi KHiBCbKoi Jiirepa-Typa HajieJKHTb TaKoac jiioöoB 30 cTajiHX (popMyji, inp nacTo hobto-pioiOTBCH b TOMy caMOMy TBopi aöo po3nijii aöo b pi3HHx po3nijiax TBopy. MaeMo i HHCJieHHi tckcth cb. ÜHCbMa i 3arajibH0 BacHBam, MaÖyTb, y tí nacH (popivryjm. TaKoac i HHCJieHHi „caMonoBTopeHHa" caMoro aBTopa, akhx aBTop He jiHine He öaacae yHHKaTH, a HaBnaKH, oxone BJKHBac. AßTopn 3ajiioÖKH HHTyiOTb i íhhihx i ceöe CaMHX, Ta HHTyiOTb 30CJIÍBHO. 5. IHpnp CTHJliCTHHHHX npHKpaC, to npoCTHH CTHJIb 3HaG IX He- öaraTo: n,e rojioBHe — napajieJiÍ3M cycinmx peneHb aöo nyMOK, bh-cjiOBjíeHHx y cycinmx peneHHax, napajiejiÍ3M, me nocHJiiOBaHHH 3ra-naHHMH MHCJieHHHMH noBTopeHHHMH oKpeMHx cjiíb Ta ÍMeH. llopy1! Uboro 3ycTpÍHeMo ajiiTepaijii, akí ine nocHJiioiOTb BpaaceHHa napa- JieJIÍ3My. IIopiBHflHHfl - HeHHCJieHHÍ, ajie BHpa3HÍ („CTpÍJIH, HK npm", Bopomi nojiKH, „hk jiích" — „aKH ôopoBe", nepHenb-acKeT-öaraTHp ■—- „xpaÖpV toiho), ajie TyT öpanye ine yjnoôJieHoí nÍ3HÍnie po3BHHeHoi chmbojiíkh. Bhhhtkom — ajie JiHHie np neBHoi Mipn — g npoMOBa IJiapioHa, 3Öyn,0BaHa 3a BÍ3aHTÍíicbKHMH B3ÍpnaMH- Eni-TeTH —- HeHHCJieHHÍ, MaÖHce HeMac yjiioöjieHHX, KpiM ÍMeH-npÍ3BHin, —■ CßHTonojiK OKaHHHHÖ, BoHHK IllojiyjjjHBHH toiho). B3arajii npH-KpacH He po3pocTaiOTbCH b CKJiaflHy opHaMeHTaiíiio, inp 3aKpHBajia ö npo3opy öynoBy peneHb Ta npocTHÔ xin. nyMOK aöo BincyraicTb öynb-HKoro nopanKy nyMOK, „njmraHHa" 3 tcmh Ha TeMy, npo aKe mh BHíe rOBOpHJIH. 6. Moaraa HaMÍTHTH i neaKi ochobhí i,neoJiorÍHHÍ pnen paHHboi KHiBCbKoi jiiTepaTypH, xoH, po3yMÍGTbca, ineojiorŕ-iHo cxapaKTepn-3yBaTH BCK) enoxy 11 ct. Tan caMo HejierKo, aK HejierKo u,e 3poÖHTH i nna cynacHocTH. IIpoTe, nm phch 30KpeMa BnanaioTb y mm, — ineojioria „BejíHKonepacaBHa", yaBJíeHHa npo nHHacTH^Hy Ta nep-HcaBHy e^HicTb „Pycn", He 3BaacaioHH Ha Te, inp b aíhchoctí TaKoi GflHOCTH Maöace He icHyBajio (nHHacTHHHi po3ÔiaiHocTÍ b JiiTonnci HaBMHCHe „3apeTynioBaHo", caMocTÍHHy nojiiTHKy HoBropony, ITo-jionbKa aöo TMyTopoKaHi, npoTHBeHCTBo HepmroBa Ta KncBa 30Ö-paaceHO b JiiTonnci aK inpcb BHnanKOBe), Ta „xpHCTHaHCbKHÖ ooth-mÍ3m" panicTb 3 Toro, inp Pycb ,,b ocTaHHio roniray", ,,on.HHan.n,aTy roHHHy" m© noKaHKaHa BoroM 30 xphcthhhcbkoí cnijibHoTH. Bate n,e npHGflHaHHa 30 npaBnHBOi Bipn, oxpniueHHH, npHHMacTbca aK 3a-nopyKa „cnaceHHa"; cTaBJíeHHa 30 Bora — nonyTTa ôe3MeacHoí BflHHHOCTH, jiioöobh j aCKeTHHHÍ MOTHBH HyTH JIHHie ÍHOn,í. Ilopy^ 70 b;hx ochobhhx ineojiorřmHx „kohcteht" CTapoKHiBCbKoi jiiTepa-TypH — 3HaMH0 cjiaônii Bei íhiiií TeHneHuii. HanpHKjian, e Be-jiHKa po36iJKHÍCTb b onÍHn,i SHaneHHH rpeKÍB flJia Pycn: 3pin,Ka — naHeripHHHe CTaBJíemífl no rpenbKoi KyjibTypn, nacTo CKenranHe, HeťaTHBHe Ta HaBÍTt> rjiy3JiHBe (60 rpeKH ä noci oiuyKaHnj — „jiijCthbh") . Ilopyn nonyTTH grhocth 3ycipÍHeMo cjiíhh ncHxo-jiorinHoro (He jiHuie nojíiTHHHoro) npoTHBeHCTBa míjk „noJumaMH" Ta „nepeBJuraaMH", míjk KHíraaMH Ta HOBropoflUHMH tohjo; BJKe jih-me peniTKH cTapnx mothbíb — akícb npoTHBeHCTBa míjk BaparaMH Ta CJIOB'HHaMH. JIen.Be hh MOJKHa rOBOpHTH npO HKÍCb KOHTpaCTH míjk flyxoBHoio Ta cBÍTCLKOio ineojioricio b JiÍTepaTypi. HenHCJiemii peniTKH cbítclkhx tbopíb (nacTHHH JiÍTonncy, „noyneHHG" Bojiohh-MHpa MoHOMaxa) nponnura nepe3 íiKycb JiÍTepaTypHy „H,eH3ypy" nppKBH Ta me CHjibHiniy ,,u;eH3ypy" nÍ3HÍniHX CTOJiiib, i TOMy HKm,o ä 6yjiH TaKi npoTHBeHCTBa, ix cjiinÍB y jiÍTepaTypi He 3Haä-neMo. ToBopHTb y híh 3aBJKflH nepKOBHa, n.yxoBHa inpojioria. IHp MeHHie nyGMO npo npoTHBeHCTBa míjk xphcthhhctbom Ta norancTBOM, — nocKÍJibKH 3ranyiOTbcji noraHH — bohh 3aBJKn,h no3a MejKaMH tígí KyjibTypHoi xpHCTHHHCbKoi ctpepn, HKy bcí aBTopn Haiuoi CTapo'i jiiTepaxypH BBajKaiOTb 3a en,HHy MOJKJiHBy KyjibTypHy cípepy B3a-rajii. U,a inpojiorinHa cnmcTb, po3yMÍ6TbCH, g ÍJiK>3ÍeK>, mo ťpyHTy-GTbca jiHHie Ha nepeBajKHo ayxoBHOMy xapaKTepi aBTopÍB, nepenncy-BaniB Ta THX nocepeflHHKÍB, hkí 3ÔeperjiH h.jih Hac peniTKH CTapoí jiiTeparypn — nepKÓB Ta MaHacTHpiB. E. ITponoBi^HimTBO 1. Ilopyn nncjieHHHx nepeKJianmix nponoBinpö b paHHiö KHÍBCbKHH nepiOfl OpHťiHaJIbHi nponOBÍfli g JIHHie flyJKe CKpOMHHM flOnOBHeHHHM n.0 CKapÔHHUi BÍ3aHTÍHCbKOÍ rOMÍJieTHKH. JXo Toro Be- jiHKa nacTHHa opHrmajibHHx nponoBineö He naTOBaHa tohho, i jih-me mobhí 03HaKH Ta ejieMeHTH 3MÍcTy BKa3yiOTb Ha ix HajiejKHÍCTb np CTapoi KHiBCbKoi jiiTepaTypn. Jlnuie nBa aBTopn BinpMÍ naM 6jihjk-Tje CE cpeonpciä Ta MHTponojiHT IjiapioH. IU[e ôbibiue, híjk aHo-HiMHicTb, HíKOflHTb po3HiyKyBaHHK) cTapHx nponoBineö nÍ3HÍnie npn-nHcyBaHHH ix cbhthm, otijíim uppKBH Tomp. Ha JKajib, icTopHKH JiiTepaTypn He 3BepTajiH HajiejKHoi yBarn Ha cthjib 6e3yMOBHo CTapnx aHOHÍMHHX TBOpÍB. 2. Cb. eonociGBi (noMep 1074 p.) npnnncyBaHo niBTopa np-cflTKa TBopiß cepe n, hhx — mojihtbh, 10 nponoBineö, jihcth np khh-3H l3'HCJiaBa Ta KijibKa ypHBKÍB 3 „noBHaHt", mo ix Heciip ycTa-bhb np eonpcia (<3>en,oca) TpeKa", nnca- hiimii flO ÍHHIOro KHH3H 13'flCJiaBa CTO POKÍB nÍ3HÍHie. JIhCTH 30 KHH- 3a CßjiTOCJiaBa BTpaneHi, bíromo Jinnie KijiLKa nyace pi3KHX cjiíb Ha an,pecy KHji3a, anoro CBaxHH nopiBHioG 3 KamoM. Hecrip 3ra-flyG npo HHcaeHHi nponoBÍn,i eonpcia 30 Hapony ra neHijiB j Ha Hiaab, 3 nepmoi rpynn He MacMo aian,Horo neBHoro 3pa3Ka. U,iKa-Be noBnaHHa npo Kapn Eoad, BCTaßaeHe 30 jiiTonncy, He HaaeatHTb í>eop;ocÍGBÍ. 3 nponoBifleH 30 neHniB «reoflociGBi HaneBHe HaaeacaTb n'axb. IIponoBini «reonpcia MaiOTb MopaabHe 3a6apBjieHHH. 3ne6iabino-ro n,e — naranyBaHHa aeHijaM npo BHMorn nepHenoro HHHy: Bin, xo-flaceHHa 30 nepKBH Ta noBaacHoro noBonaceHHa npn 6orocayat6i n,o npôpoHHHy, npan.i, noKopn, Tepnimia, orace, — Bin. 30BHÍniHBoro n,o BHyxpiniHboro. Ha30BHi noBHaHHa 3aBacn.H KopoTKi, neani nepenoB-HeHi TeKCTaMH 3 cb. IlHCbMa, mmi KopncTaioTbca hhmh noMipnoBa-Hime. MoBa — npocra. TnnoBHX nepKOBHO-caoB'aHCBKHX caiß Maao: npopoHKHCTBO, 6aaroHpaBHG, floöpoainHHH Tomp, 3aTe g Haponm cao-Ba: CBHTa, nocayx, TpHBaHHG i t. n. Ajie Hecnpaßen,aHBo 6yao 6 yßa-acara, in,o nponoBini eon,ocÍH 3Haxo-flHTb caoßa i naa xapaKTepncTHKH ncHxi^HHX nepeacHBaHb, ■— xbh-aiOBaHHa, po3n,paTOBaHHa, ninHeceHHa Toinp: „cepne ropHTb", „nynia TaHe (HCTaeBaeiľb)", „OTpycHTH cyM", „3 cjib03aMH MOBaio ripid cao-ßa"; bíh roBopHTb npo „caHHa" b nynii, npo „CMepTb rpixa". Hacro CBo'i 3yMKH bíh onarae b cpopary npocTHX nopißHaHb. G GßaHreabCbKi nopÍBHaHHa, Hanp., npHT^a npo Mynpnx Ta nypHHx nm -—- ne ,,cbí-THabHHKH" nm — nynii; oaia, hko'í 3a6paKao nypHEM nmaM, —■ „mh-aocTHHa"; bíh Haranye GBaHreabCbKe onoßinanHa npo „BHHorpan.-hhk"; neHnÍB Bor bhbíb 3 „Gramy nboro CBÍTy" 30 „ôe3Bon,Hoi nyc-thhí" touto. Aae eon,ocÍH yacHBae TaKoac i íhuihx npHHarin,HHX nopißHaHb: KanHao — o6pa3 Tíyxa CßaToro; MyneHHKH „caiOTb, sk 3opi"; Haropona 3a TepniHHa — „ßmen,b"; neHui — pa6n Boaci, My-caTb ctohth b nepKßi ,,3b'a3aBmH pyKH". He Bee o6pa3H Tpafluniimi. Aae ^eonpciH bmíg po3BHHyTH o6pa3H nmpoKO Ta Bpa3anBo: TaK bíh 3Be ceôe jiHine 3HapaaAaM BoacHM — „60 TpocTb He nnme caMa, hk He 6yne Toro, xto Hero nnme, i coKHpa He npocaaBHTbca 6e3 Toro, xTo Heio ciae"; bíh b^htb, an Tpeöa CTäßHTHca no nyxoBHoi npam: „51k XTOCb o6po6aaG HHßy aöo BHHorpaAHHK, to aic öa^HTb nao^H, m;o pocTyTb, to 3a6yBac i npo (MHHyay) npaqio bír paaocTH Ta MO- TS jiHTbca BoroBi, inp6 noBejioca 3Í6paTH njiin"; 3ycTpinaGM0 b HBoro TaKoac npöpy aHTHTe3y: „Kojih HaM He nanyrb yôpaHHH a6o cbhth a6o Horocb iHinoro noxpiÖHoro, to poÔHMO co6i 3 Toro BejiHKy nenajit. A kojih nac ryÖHMO, to npo Te He naM'aTaGMo i npo Tě He nenaaHMoca ..."; kjiioh, mo fioro npHHMae MaHacrapcbKHH KJiionap, <ř>eon.ocifi nopiBHKiG 3 EoraeM 3 BÍBTapa*; iiÍKaBHM g niHpoKe bíhcb-KOBe nopiBHHHHH'. ÖHjio öyflHTb neHuiB no cjiyaíOH, — „kojih Haxo-nHTb BHnpaBa Ta 3acypMHTt cypMa, híxto He Moace cnara: hh n.o6pe JlÍHHTHCa i BOaKOBÍ XpHCTOBOMy ? I TÍ rjih. MaJIOÍ Ta 3aHHKJIHB0Í CJiaBH 3a6yBaiOTB i n,pyatHHy i niTefi, i MaGTOK.. . HaBÍTb rojioBy cbok) hí b mo He CTaBJiaTb, mo6 He niciam copoMy. Ajie, hk bohh caMi thm-nacoBi, TaK i cjiaBa Ix KmnaGTbca 3 ix acHTTHM. A b Hac — He TaK. HKmo BHTpHMacMo b öopoTböi 3 BoporaMH HaniHME, to aK nepeMoai-ni jj;icTaHeMo cJiaBy 6e3MeaiHy Ta cnonpÖHMoca necTH HeBHMOBHOi..." Ta <Ě>eonpcÍH roBopHTb He jinnie o6pa3aMn; bíh yMÍG i apöpe 3eon,ocÍH KopncTaGTbca nepeKJianHoio nponoBÍn.HHnbKOK) jiiiepaTypoK) — nponoBinaMH IoaHa 3jiaToycToro, <í>enppa CTyfliHCbKoro, BacHJia BejíHKoro, a TaKoac MaHacTHpcbKHM ycTaBOM. Ilpn bcíh npocTOTi nponoßineö «reonocia n,e npöpi 3pa3KH npo-noBÍnHHnbKoro cthjiio, 3 yMÍHHaM npoMOBjíaTH np cepn;a i 30 po3yjviy. 3. nopyn npocTHx nponoBinefi eonpcia MaGMO 3 Toro ca-Moro ctojiítth nin,HeeeHy npoMOBy MHTponojíHTa IjiapioHa, mo fioro nepnioro He-rpeKa nocTaBjíeHo MHTponojíHTOM 3a kh. ČIpocjiaBa Myn,-poro 1051 p. Bace b piK cMepTH .HpocjiaBa, 1054, LnapioH He 6yB mht-ponojiHTOM. He BinoMo, hh bíh noMep, *ra BinifiniOB 3 MeTponojiii (hk nexTo npnnycKae, np nencpcbKoro MaHacTHpa). Horo npoMOBa npo ,,3aKOH Ta ÔJiaronaTb" (mhjiíctb Boacy) — ÖJincKyniiä 3pa30K n,y-xobhoí KpacHOMOBHocTH. Ajie ne BjiacHe He nponoBinb, «k „noBnaH-hh", a panme CBHTKOBa yponncTa npoMOBa, mo Moraa 6yTH BHrojio-meHa HaBÍTb He npn 6orocjiyac6i. nncaHnii nefi TBip Miac 1037 Ta 1050 pp. Oôcar fioro po3MipHo BejíHKHä: ynBOG oíjibieihh, mac pa30M yci n'axb nponoBinefi cb. <í>eonpcia 30 neHnÍB. nopyn nboro Ijiapio-hobí npnnHcyGTbca „IcnoBinamia Bipn" Ta Tpn mini nponoBÍn,i. npH-nymeHHa, mo IJiapioH- nÍ3HÍnie, ôyBimi nin, iMeneM HHKOHa, neHupM *) nop. cKa3aHe npo kjik>^, hk npaBHHií chmboji, — „n.oicropHiHHH nepioA" I. B. 3. 73 üenepcLKoro MaHacrapa, oöpooHB 1073 p. jiítoiihc Ta mo ôoMy Ha-jieJKHTb yKJiaflaHHa „l36opHHKa" 1076 p. Ta fleani CTairi b HbOMy —-rinoTeTH^Hi. 4. IIpoMOBa IjiapioHa po3naaacTbca Ha Tpn nacTHHH: nepina ^acTHHa peTopHHHe, ajie 3MÍcT0BHe Ta aorMaTHHHO-rpyHTOBHe npoTH-CTaBJíeHHa CTaporo Ta HoBoro 3aBÍTy, — „3aK0Hy", nia hkhm jkhjih JHOflH flo npnxoay XpncTa, Ta „ÔJiaroaaTi", nia hkoio HíHBe bh3bo-JieHe Ta BHKynjieHe XpncTOM jiioactbo. iüpyra nacTHHa — ne noxBa-jia KHa3eBÍ BojioaHMHpoBi, hkhh npHGflHaB Pycb flO HapORÍB, mp aic xpHCTHHHH niaJiaraiOTb „ÔJiaroaaTi" Bojkíh*; TpeTa nacTHHa — mo- JIHTBa. IIpOMOBa IjiapiOHa He 6 MHMCb Haa3BHHaHH0 OpHťiHaJIbHHM. ICTopHHHi npoTHCTaBjíeHHH flBox noHHTb i noxBaJiH sycTpiqaGMo B nponoBiaax otijíb n,epKBH, a MOJíHTBa HaBÍTb Hacjiiayc BiflOMi Ham 3pa3KH. Ajie TBÍp IjiapioHa — n,e He npaMe HacjiiayBaHHH HKorocb neBHoro TBopy xpHCTHaHCbKo'i rpen,bKoi JiÍTepaTypn (g aeana cxo-jkíctí, 3 nponoBiaaio g(ppeMa CnpHHa Ha cbhto ÍIpeoôpajKeHHa). Ijia-pioH KopHCTyGTtca cb. ÜHCtMOM, TaKOHC anoKpncpaMH Ta IIIecTOíme-BOM. XapaKTepHCTHHHi fljia npoMOBH acHa öyaosa, noôpaft po3bhtok ayMOK Ta Haa3BHHaÔH0 BMijie KopncTaHHa BciMa 3aco6aMH BHpoöJie- hoí BÍ3aHTÍÔCbK01 peTOpHKH. Ilepnia ^acTHHa npoMOBH nicjia KopoTKoro noxBaJiBHoro BCTy-ny — noaaKH BoroBi 3a xpHCTHHHÍ3anÍK> Pycn — nepexoaHTb flo nopiBHHHHa cTaHy jnoaeä nepea xpncTHaHCTBOM ra nicjia npHÍÍHHTTa XpHCTHHHCTBa. XpHCTHHHCTBO 3MaJIbOByGTbCa aK nOBHHH nOBOpOT ycboro icTopHHHoro niJiaxy jiioacTBa. Tane npoTHCTaBjíeHHH npn-poflHe Ta BjiyHHe. Jlnuie, xapaKTepH3yiOHH nepeaxpHCTHHHCbKHH CTaH, IjiapioH He ayace Baajio 6epe He cjioB'aHCBKe noraHCTBo, a cTa-po3aBÍTHy pejiiriio. IIpoTHCTaBJíeHHa CTaporo Ta HOBoro 3aBÍTy ac-Kpase Ta peTopn^Ho no-MHCTenbKH 36yaoBaHe. KopoTKo HaMineHO npoTHCTaBjíeHHH — aHTHTe3y, a noTÍM po3BHHeHO Ha nopiBHHHHax: CTapHH 3aBÍT -■ míchh,b, hobhh - c0hh6, CTapHH - Tfflb, HOBHH - cbítjio, CTapHH — híhhhh xojioa, hobhíí — coHaniHe Tenjio Tomp. HanpHKnmi nepnio'i nacTHHH 3H0By noBTopeHe npoTHCTaBjíeHHH Bace cneuiajibHo mpao CTapopycbKoro norancTBa Ta xpncTHaHCTBa: 6e3-HaaiHHÍCTb Ta Haaia Ha Brae jkhtth, cjiinoTa h rjiyxoTa Ta bíhkpht-Ta onefi Ta Byx", 3aMÍcTb 3ai'KaHHa noraHCTBa, „acHa MoBa" xpnc-thhh i t. a. „MaHapiBHHKH ôyay^H, Boporn Eoaďi ôyayHH, Ha3BajiHca jiioatMH Bojkhmh, Ha3BajiHca cHHaMH Eojkhmh". *) Abtop yHCHBae me CTaporo xo3apcbKoro cJioBa „KaraH" — ijboro cJiOBa IjiapioH y3KHBae t&kojk i b „IcnoBiflaHm bíph". Hj nopÍBHHHHH HaÖJIHHCyiOTLCfl BJKe 30 tígi chmbojiíkh, sny 3ycTpi-H6MO b nponoBiflfix HacTynHoro BÍKy. IjiapioH po3BHBae cbo'í npora-cTaBJíeHHíi Ha cTapo3aBÍTHHx npHKJia^ax, ceHC hkhx — „paôCTBo" jHOfleS niji BJiajíoio CTapo3aBÍTHoro 3aKOHy i „chhíbctbo" ix nin, BJia-3010 „ÖJiaroflaTi". TaKe npoTHcxaBJíeHHa n,jiH thx, nacÍB kojih pa6-CTBo 6yjio me peajibHHM JiBHineM Ta peajibHoio He6e3neKOio jiio^ct- KOrO JKHTTH - Ha,H,3BH*iaHHO Bpa3JIHBe. 3 I^bOro npOTHCTaBJíeHHfl BHpOCTae i aOÖpHH BHKJiafl, XpHCTOJlOril h k npOTHCTaBJíeHHH 3BOX cnojiy^eHHx y XpncTÍ „HaTyp" — 6o>KecbKoi Ta jho^cbkoí. B KopoT-KHx Te3ax iíi npOTHCTaBJíeHHH ^aiOTi. 3aKÍH^eHy Kaprany florMaTH^i-ho'í HayKH uepKBH npo rbí npnpoHH XpacTa: hk jiio^HHa noBHBCH nejieHaMH, hko Bor 30peK> npOBOflHB bojixbíb, hk jiioflHHa JiencaB y acjiax, HKo Bor npHHHHB bír bojixbíb noflapyHKH Ta nOKJlÍH, HK JHo^HHa btík flo CranTy, i hko BorOBÍ bkjiohhjihch T06Í pyKOftijIBHÍ (Í^OJIH) [ GraneTcbKi, HK jHOflHHa CKyuiTyBaB ouTy Ta BiwaB flyx, HKo Bor 3aTpHMaB coHi^e i noipycHB 3eMjieK>, HK jHOflHHy noKJiafleHo Te6e b rpoôi, i HKO Bor, Th 3pyHHyBaB neKJio Ta 3bíjibhhb ayiny .. i t. a. (17 aHTHTe3). 3aKÍHHHBHiH nepuiy nacTHHy npoTHCTaBjíeHHHM noraHCTBa Ta xpHCTHHHCTBa, IjiapioH nepexoflHTb 30 noxBajiH kh. Bojio,ei,hmhpobí. KojKHa Kpa'ÍHa BHXBajrac cBoro anocTOJia: Phm — Ileipa i IlaBjía, a3íh —• IoaHa BorocjioBa, Ih^íh — XoMy, GrnneT — MapKa, — ,,yci KpaiHH, MÍCTa i JHOflH HiaHyiOTb Ta BHXBajIHIOTI. KO>KHe CBOro BHH- TejiH, m,o HaBHHB ix npaBocjiaBHo'í BÍpH. IIoxBajiiMo JK i MH no chjií HamiS MajiHMH noxBajiaMH toto, xto ctbophb BeJíHKe Ta rhbhq, Ha-inoro BHHTejia Ta HacTaBHHKa, BejíHKoro KaraHa Hamoi 3eMjii, Bojio-^HMHpa, oHyKa CTaporo Iropn, cHHa hc cjiaBHoro CBHTocjiaBa". Ilic- JIH XapaKTepHCTHKH nOJlÍTHHHOrO 3Ha^ieHHH BoJIOflHMHpa, „GflHHO- AepHcaBua" PyctKo'i 3eMJii, IjiapioH nepexoRHTb 30 oxpnmeHHH Bo-jiOflHMnpa — „i HK bíh TaK JKHB, npaBJíHHH 3eMJieio cBOGio í3 cnpa- BeHJIHBÍCTH), MyjKHÍCTK) Ta p03yMOM, CnOflOÔHBCH BÍH BÍ3BÍ3HH Bo- jkhx". He BnjiHBOBÍ rpentKoI nponoßi^i, a noKJíHKaHHio EoJKOMy npnnHcyG IjiapioH HaBepHeHHH BojiojrHMHpa äo xpHCTHHHCTBa: „no- 75 n.HBHJioci> na HLoro BceMHjiocTHBe oko ÖJiaroro Bora i nociajio b cepnj. noro flyMKy 3po3yMÍTH cyexy noraHctKoI omshh Ta HiyKaTH GflHHoro Bora ..." JlHHie TOfli bíh 3BepTaeTbca flo „6jiaroBÍpHoi 3eMjii rpenb-koi" no oxpnineHHH: „KaraH cKHHyB 3 ceôe pa30M 3 oflaroM i cTaporo HOjioBÍKa, CKHHyB TJiiHHe, oTpycHB nopox HeBipcTBa i, bbíhuiobiuh b CBHTy Kynijib, nopoflHBca Bifl 7-íyxa i Bonn, xpncthbca bo XpHCTa, BflarHyBca bo XpncTa ...". ypo^hcto Majiioe IaapioH Kpamy b paflocTi Ta cbítjií xpncTHaH-CbKOÍ Bipn, 3aKÍH*iyK)HH: „XpHCTOC noöiflHB, XpHCToc nepeivtir, XpHCTOC BOI^apHBCH, XpncToc npocaaBHBca..." IjiapioH nepexoflHTb flo noxBajin KHasesi Bojioahmhpobí hk xpncTH-aHHHy, MajiioiOMH Kaprany noro floöpo^HHy b ocTanm poKH noro acHTTa Ta BKasyio^n Ha nÍ3HÍuiHH po3bhtok xpncTHaHCTBa Ha Pyci. noxBajia KyabMiHye b naTei-HHHOMy 3aKJiHKy 30 BojioflHMHpa: „Yc-TaHb, ^lecHo raaBo, 3 Tpymi tbogi, oTpycn coh: 60 th He BMep, ajie cnnni 30 3arajitHoro BocKpeciHHa bcíx. yciaHb, th He BMep, 60 He roflHTBca BMepTH TOMy, xto yßipyBaB y XpncTa, acHTTa BCboro cbí-Ty.. .", — i IaapioH npofloBacye phtmíhhhmh 3aKJiHKaMH: „IloflHBHCb Ha CHHa TBoro Teopria* noflHBHCL na ßjiaroBipHy HeßicTKy tbok) IpHHy, noflHBHCb Ha OHyKÍB Ta npaBHyKÍB, aK BOHH HCHByTb, aK ix oxopoHae Tocnoflb, aK BOHH TpHMaroTbca 6jiaroBÍp'a 3a 3anoBÍTOM tboím, aK y*iain,aiOTb flo cBarax n,epKOB, aK cJiaBjíaTB XpncTa, hk noKJioHHiOTbca ÍMeHi Horo! IToflHBHCb Ha mícto, mo cae bíhhíctio, noflHBHCb Ha n,epKBH, 111,0 KBiTHyrb, noflHBHCb Ha xpHCTHHHCTBO, mo pocTe, noflHBHCb Ha MÍCTO, 111,0, OCBÍTJieHe ÍKOHaMH CBHTHX, 6jIHIHHTbCa, m,o THMiaMOM OBÍaHe, inp noxBajiaMH Ta öoacecTBeHHHMH nicHaMH o3By^eHe..." *) Teopriň — xpacTHHHCtKe ím'h kh. HpocjiaBa. 76 3aKÍHHyGTbca „cjiobo" aHTHTe3aMH, mo HarajryiOTb 3H0By 3arajibHy TeMy npoMOBH — npoTHCTaBjíeHHa noxpHcraaHCbKoro Ta xphcthhh-cbKoro CTaHy Pycn: „Panyöca, KHH3io-anocTOJie, m,o nac, flyuieio MepTBHx, Bifl xBopoÖH iaojiocjiyjKÖH BocKpecHB, 60 Hepe3 Te6e mh OJKHJ1H Ta aCHTTa XpHCTOBe nÍ3HaJIH, CKOpqeHÍ ÔyBIUH Bin ÖicOBCbKOl oôjiynn, Hepe3 Te6e mh BHnpaBHJincb i BCTynHJiH Ha ihjihx mchtth, CJlini CepfleHHHMH OHHMa ÖyBUIH b13 öiciBCbKOi oMaHH, ocjiinjieHi He3HaHHHM, nepe3 Teôe 3po6Hjracb bh;hk)ih,í CBÍTJIO TpHCOHHHIHOrO EoacecTBa, HÍMÍ ÖyBIUH, ^epe3 Te6e 3aroBopHJiH i hhhí, Maai ö BejíHKi, cjiaBHMo GHHHOcyii];Hy Tpinino!" Tßip 3aKhray6 ninHeceHa MOJiHTBa. 5. BHKJianaiOHH 3míct npoMOBH IjiapioHa mh noflajra pa30M i XapaKTepHCTHKy 'Íl BHKÍH^eHOl KOMn03HK,ÍI Ta CTHJliCTH^hhx pHC, UJO 3 HHX rOJIOBHÍ - aHTHTe3H, ÜOBTOpCHHÄ, 3aKJIHKH (aBTOp 3BepTaCTb- ca i np MicTa KHGBa), a rojioBHe, pHTMÍKa mobh, m,o b nesHHX mícuhx, 3aBflaKH napaaeai3MOBÍ cyciflHix pe^eHb, me BHpa3mnia. IIapajieaÍ3M ninTpHMycTbca i nacToio pnMoio: acHo h BejierjiacHo; H3bine aicoace h BHHn.e; Ben b MoaHTBaxTb npnjieacaTb, BCH roTOBH npeflCToaTb; BHaíflb mepKBH uBiiTyiirH, BHHcnb xpncTHaHCTBo pacTyme; na coôjiio-neib ... Eorb orb BcaKoa para h njrfeHeHia, orb rjiana h BcaKoa CKop-6h h cbTyatfleHHa; Bnacnb rpan;b HKOHaMH cbhthxtj ocBlimaeMt..» h XBajraMH h ôoacecTBeHHbiMH nicHMH orjiauiaeMt. Ihohí nooynpBa peneHb pHTMraaa: paTHbia nporoHH, MHp yTBepflH, CTpaHbi ynpoTH, raan. yroô3H, ôojiapbi yMynpH, rpanbi pa3cejiH, IjepKOBb TBOK) BTj3paCTH, flOCTOHHHe TBOe COÖJHORH, MyjKH h aíeHbi h MJianeHUbi cnacH... 77 A6o: Hariia onfcBaa, acanHbia h ajiHHbiH Hacbimaa, ooJiamHivrb yrBiueHHe nocbijiaa, npjiJKHMíi HCKynaa, poÔOTHaa CBoooatnaa ... OcHOBHa TeHneHijia TBopy — npocjiaBjieHHa hoboí xphcthhhcbkoi PycH *iepe3 npocjiaBjieHHa 'if bcjihkhx khh3íb; *iepe3 npocjiaBJieHHH nijia noro SaTbKa npocjiaBjieHo TyT i CHHa HpocjiaBa. nopyq Han,3BH-^aÖHHX jiiTepaTypHHx BjiacTHBOCTeS, hkhx He 3aKpHBae HaBiTb moni CKJianHa MOBa (6araxo non.BiÖHHx cjiíb: 6jiaronpH3HpaHHe, paBHO-yMHbiH, paBHoxpHCTOJHOÖeqt, MHOronjioflHf, i t. r.) 3Míct 3a6e3neMHB TBopoBi BejíHKHH ycnix. He jiHuie yKpai'HCbKa xpanHH,ia fioro ni3-Hiuie HacjiiflyBajia (Ejihmcht Cmojihthm; y FajiHD;i>KO-BojiHHCbKOMy jiiTonHci noxBajia BoaonHMHpoBi BacHjibKOBHHeßi 36ynoBaHa Ha 3pa-30K noxBajiH IjiapioHa; Kaciíra CaKOBHH y ßipuiax Ha norpeö Caraô-flaHHoro 1621 p. nepecniBye nonaTOK tíg'í ac noxBajiH, KopncTyeTbca TBOpOM IjiapioHa i „nepecTopora" 1605 p.), ajie i MocKOBCbKa xa HOBropoflCbKa JiixepaTypa (acHTia kh. JXmutpq, iBaHOBH^a MocKOBCb-Koro, cb. JleoHTia PocxoBCbKoro, KocxaHTHHa MypoMCbKoro, npo-Konia ycxK)3bKoro, Hi(pOHTa HoBroponcbKoro, CxecpaHa IlepMCbKO-ro i t. fl.), aK xaKoac i jiiTepaxypa cepôcbKa (acHxie cb. CHMeoHa Ta CaBH, nncaHe b 13 ct. GpoMonaxoM /JoMeHTiaHOM). 6. Hk yace 3ranaHo, neaici íhhií TBopn npiniHcyBajiHca Ijiapio-hobí. 3 HHx HaöneBHiuie fioMy Moace HajieacaTH KopoTKe noB^aHHa, mocb cepenHe míhc nponoBÍa,n,K>, mojihtbok) Ta noxBajioio, nin, Ha3B0io: „3 ncmaTKy — 6yjio cjiobo". JXo TencTy uboro noB^aHHa nponoBin,-hhk npnae KOMeHTap-noxBajiy i 3aKÍHnye mojihtbok) 3 np6pe 36ynp-BaHoK) kíhh,íbkok>. — 3a cepfio3HÍcxio 3MÍcxy MoaíHa 6 yBaacaxH tbo-poM IaapioHa „Cjiobo o Kopncxi nymeBHiii", ajie xyx xpyn,HO BnÍ3HaxH BJiaCTHBi laapioHOBÍ CXHJliCTH^HÍ pHCH. HapeiHTÍ, „CjlOBO HO xhx, XTO BinMOBHBca Bia cBÍTy" (maKHie „Cjiobo no 6paTa CTOBnHHKa"), ne aBTop BHMarae Bin. neHirJB cyBopiuioro acHTTa, — MaöyTb, Teaí Tßip Ijiapiona. B niBneHHo-cjioB'aHCbKHx pyKonncax ôoro npnnHcywTb IaapioHOBi. <í>opMajibHo boho najieico npociiuie, ajie BHTpnMaHe b rapHOMy peTopa^HOMy cthjií — 3anHTaHHa np ejiyxamB, 3aKJiHKH, npoTHCTaBjíeHHH, rapHi nopÍBHHHHa, Hanp., *iepHeH,bKoro acHira 3 acHxxaM nxaxiß cepen, npnponH, mo cnißaMH cboimh Binnaioxt xBajiy BoroBi: He ôyjio b ľx Byxax MicbKoro HecnoKoio, JHOHCbKOrO KJIHKy, 78 He aíhihjih no Ix yiueä ornnm nicHi noßil, He öaHHJiH bohh, hk Kpama Bnnnijia npoTH icpaiHH Ha ÖHTBy, ... jiHine öyB b Ix onax pyx nepeB, (b Ix yxax) uiyM rajiy30K, cniß nTaxiß, mo KoaceH cniBae cbokj nicHio. ToMy bohh He MaioTb nenajii, 60 no36aBHJiHCL nenajii, BÍnÍHiuoBuiH Bin. CBiTy. .. I^iKaBO, mo aBTop HaBÍT£> ipoHÍ3ye 3 npoMOBUiB, in,o CBOl Mynpi nyMKH npHKpHBaiOTb 3aHaflTO niTy^HOio mobok> — n,e xe caMe, hköh Jimap jiiKyBaB paHy „KpÍ3b onar". YpHBOK utoro „CjioBa" (a6o hh He jihc-Ta?) BHKopHCTaHHH nÍ3HÍme b „Cjiobí", ane 3 neBHOio nincTaBoio npHnncyBaHo ICjihmchtobí CMOJiaxHHeBÍ (^hb. II. B). — t-JexTo BBa-acaB 3a HenMOBÍpm Tairi rocTpi Hanann Ha nepHenBKe acHTTH b toh nac, KOJiH no MaHacTHpiß öhijih jiHHie tí, xto caM nonyBaB noKJín-KaHHa no acKeTHHHoro acniTa; ajie aBTopn nponoBineö, nonepuie, HHiJiH 3a neBHOK) Tpanni^icio, mo TaKy KpHTHKy MepHenoro hchtth 3Haaa, a, nonpyre, no ncHxojiorľí ycaKoro acKeTH3My HajieatHTB neB-Ha nepeSijitmeHa cyBopicTB BHMor, mp BÖanac BejíHKÍ MopajiBHi xh-6h TaM, ne i'x HeivraG a6o ne bohh ne Taní Bace bcjihkí. B KoacHOMy BHnanKy „Cjiobo" — cxapnö opnriHajibHHH TBÍp, a Táni TBopn rjisi Hac n,ÍKaBÍ, He3ajieaaio Bin Toro, xto ix aBTop. 7. Ilíe neBHy kíjibkíctb nponoBinen MoacHa BÍnHecTH 3 neBHOK) HMOBÍpmcTio no 11 ct. J\o HHx HaaeacHTb, HaneBHe, nepBÍcHa cpopMa „CaoBa HÍKOGro xpHCTOJiioöna", — nponoßint, iyo b híh aBTop Ha-nanac Ha noraHCBKÍ BipyßaHHH Ta 3BHHai cboí'x cynacHHKÍB. 3ranKH npo 6orÍB „IlepyHa, Xopca, CHMa-Perjia, Mokohi" Ta 3BHnai, mo 3 KyjibTOM Ix Ta „Pony, PoaíaHHUb" 3b'a3aHÍ, cnojiynem 3 TeKCTaMH CB. IlHCbMa. „Cjiobo" chjibho 3MÍHeHe b nÍ3HÍnii nacn. 3 ím'hm „Xpnc-TOJiioöua" sinoMi fi íhhií cTapoBHHHi „caoBa", — npo noKÍpmcTB ny-xoBHOMy oTneßi, in,o b híh TaKoac 3ycTpinaGMo HHMajio BKa3ÍBOK Ha CTapi 3BHHaI: „poacaHiiHHy Tpane3y, MOJiemie KopoBaÖHoe" (*ih He „Kopoßan" Ha BeciJiJii?), „acejieHHa h KapaHHa" (acajii 3a noMep-jihmh), Ta TaKoac „Cjiobo npo HeBHHHicTt". „XpHCTOjnoôen.b" — ne MOaíJIHBO cbítcbkhh nOCJlínOBHHK XpHCTHaHCTBa. JJyace CTapi i nsoc cjiíb rpnropia (b pyKonncax — „EorocjioBa", ajie b niäcHOCTi 6ÍJiroponcBKoro cnncKona) npoTH nnaijTBa. U,e — He JiHine nocHTB acKpaBÍ MaaiOHKH nnairrBa, ajie Tarcoa* i 3aKJiHKH no XpHCTHHHCBKOrO aCHTTa'. „CnoaCHBaHMO CTpaBH CBaTHX KHHr, a 3aMicTB nnTTa — HayKH ra onoßinaHHa cBarax otuíb. He cßaTo BoroBÍ! IXe panicTB CBaTHM! U,e cnacÍHHa nyniü íle 3nopoß'a TÍJiy! íle HeBinxinna cTopoaía HHroaa xopoHHTejia! h,e nporHaHHa 6ícíb!" Moace TOMy ac rpnropÍGBÍ najieaíHTB ine nsoe noB^aHb CBaineHHKaM. 79 BiflinyKaHO 3a 3MÍctom Ta mobok) me íhuií CTapi noB^aHHíi, inp cnpflMOBam npora con,iiiJiBHoro raiiy, HeBijihHHUTBa, mo noBonHTb jnoneä HaBÍTb no caMoryöcTBa, „KHnaiOTOCfl b Bon,y Ta cboimh pynaMH CnpHHHHHIOHH Co6i CMepTb", npOTH BÍHCOTKÍB (,,pÍ3ÍB"), mo „HK 3MÍfl, HcepyTb ôíhhhx", npOTH jiHirpMipcTBa ßaraTÜB, mo, nocTHHHCb, ,,no- lflaiOTB TĹ7IO ÖpaTHG", npOTH KHH3ÍB, ID,0 HÍÔH He 3HaK>TB, II^O poÖJIHTb Ixhí ynpaBHTejii. n,i BHpa3H HaranyiOTB npo coniajibHi pecpopMH Bo-jiOflHMHpa MoHOMaxa HanpHKÍHu,i 11 ct. 06pa3H JKHTTH öaraTÜB b onmn nponoBini* HaranyiOTB nÍ3HÍnii o6pa3H b jiHCTax IßaHa BnineHCbKoro: 6araTÍíi ,,3KHB Ha 3eMJIÍ p03KÍHIHO, b nypnypi Ta nioBKy xonHB, kohí ňoro ronoBam, moxomii, nHHiaiOTbCH 30jiothmh BÔpaHHHMH, cinna fíoro nosojionem, paÖH, mo Hflyrt nepen. hhm, HHCJienm, b HIOBKy h HaHIHHHHKaX 30JIOTHX, a íhhií 3-3any b HaMHcri i HapyHHHKax, Ha Tpane3i npncjiyrn ôaraTO, nocynH KOBaHi 3 30JioTa Ta cpiôjia, CTpaB 6araTo Ta pÍ3HHX, TeTepi, rycH, acypaBjíi, phöhhkh, rojiyôH, KypH, 3aön;i, Benpn, nxreHHa fine me KÍJiBKa Ha3B CTpaB, neínd He3po3yMÍJii: „naivrbpH, TptTOBe, ne^eHH, Kptnama, ineMi)jiH3H". nami cpiÔHi BejíHKi no30Jio^em, KyÖKH Ta kotjih, nHTBa ôaraTo, — Men,, KBac, bhho, Men, TiHCTHH Ta 3 nepnpM, nnaijTBO BCK) hí*i 3 rycjiaMH Ta conijiKaMH . ." ^eflKi nponoBini 3ranyioTb noni'i CBoro nacy, TOMy Moama íx npn ÖJIH3HO naTyBaTH. Skiiio roBopHTBCH npo nepeHeceHHH MoiniB cb. Mhkojih aßo npo „Pyct" hk „HOBOxpnineHHH" Hapon,, hk b onmíí pHTMi^Ho 36ynpBaHÍH nponoBini Ha nomaHy Boroponnnj, — to nponoBini MoacHa 3 bcjihkoio hmobíphíctio flaTyBaTH 11 ct. *) H,n nponOBiflB — nepepo6Ka flBox rpeijbKHx nponoßifleö loaHa 3jiaTo-ycToro. 80 CTapi nponoBifti pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍ i b TeMaTHiy i b cthjií. Ilopyn npcHTB npocTHX nponoBiflefi Ha BejiHKHH nicT, 3Haxon.HMO ypo-hhctí „noxBajiH" (e Han3BHHaHHO nnniHa cb. eonpcia, nepeHeceHHa moihíb Bopnca Ta Taiöa), npo öyap-By Ta ocBaaeHHH nepKOB (,„HecaTHHHoi" b 996 p., cb. lOpia Ta Co-Tb-ca noxBajiaMH cbhthm. „CKa3aHHG" aBTop noHHHae ceHTeHijieio 3 cb. üncbMa — „Pin, npaBHX öaarocaoBHTbca" (IIc. 3, 3) — híôh HaTHKaro^h Ha Te, mo, npocjiaßjiaiOHH cbhthx khh3Íb, bíh npocjiaBjiae thm caMUM ysecb KHa3ÍBCLKHä pin,. Po3noBÍBniH npo cMepTb BojionHMHpa, aBTop yiuia-ßac b ayMKH Bopnca CTnaÍ30BaHHH „njian" y pyci HaponHnx rojiocmb: Tope Mem, cBÍTe onen mo'íx, caĚBo i 3ope jiHn.a Moro, ninnopo iohocth mog'í, HayKo Hepo3yMy Moro! Tope MeHi, oT^e i rocnonHHe míh! J\o Koro 3BepHycb? Ha Koro noRHBaiocb ? JXe HacHHycb TaKoro npöporo BHxoBaHHa Ta HayKH TBoro po3yMy? Tope MeHi, rope MeHi! Bace nonyBaiOHH 3arpo3y co6i Bin, CBHTonojrca, Bopnc 3acno-icoiog ceÖe TeKCTaMH 3 cb. ÜHCbMa npo noKopy Ta jiiooob Ta MipKye npo Te, mo Bce b nbOMy cbítí rime: Bce npoxoHHTb i ripnie naByTHHH ... IU.0 npnnöajiH ôpara Moro 6aTbKa Ta 6aTbKo mííí? J\q ix atHTTa i caasa n,boro cBiTy, i nypnypn i uiobkh, cpiöjio i 30JIOTO, BHHa i Men,H, np6pi CTpaBH Ta ÖHCTpi kohí, i Kpacni Ta BeaHKi 6yn,HHKH, i MHCJieHHÍ MaGTKH, i nam i noniaHH HenncjieHHi, Í IIHHiaHHH CB01MH ÖOHpaMH? Bce n,e Raa hhx — hí6h noro híkojih h He öyjio, BCe 3aHHKJI0 pa30M 3 HHMH . . . Bopnc, no^yBaioHH 3arpo3y, xHTaGTbca Miac „n-naneM" Han C06010, Han, CB06K) MOJionicTio Ta noßoacHHMH nyMKaMH, mo hk noro 3a6'iOTb, 82 bíh 6yn,e „MynemiKOM rocnon,eBÍ cBOGMy". — Cn,eHa MÍHacTbca — Cbh-TonojíK BHCHJiaG nocjiiß 30 Bopnca 3 npHBÍTaHHHM, a pa30M i yÖHB-h;íb. — CnpHa 3H0By míhhgtbch — Bopnc ctoitb Han, Ajibtoio, npy-aíHHa noro 3ajiHninjia, npßinaBiHHca, mp bíh He xone oopoxnca npoxH CBHTonojiKa, Bohbui, inp otohhjih ßoro HaMeT, nyioxb, aK Bopnc cniBaG nepen. cxonoM comja ncajiMH 3 3ayTpem. 3 ncajiMÍB BHÖpam TaKi Micn,a, ani h,íjikom ninxon,aTb 30 CHTyanťi cßaxoro: „rocnonn! ÍIk ôaraTo moíx Boporiß! .Hk 6araxo xhx, xxo nocxaBHBca npoxH Mene!" i x. n. Bopnc nyc TynoxÍHHa (a6o nienix) kojio CBoro naMexy, CBampHHK xa cjiyra BopnciB öanaib 6jiHin.aHHa 36poi xa nyioxb 6pa3KÍx MeniB. B6hbu.í BnnpaiOTbca no HaMexy i KHn.aiOTbca Ha Bopnca. Bace nopaHeHHĚ Bopnc nepen, cMepxK» MOJinxbca 3a ce6e i 3a Boporiß, BHKaHKaionH y HeßejiHHKoro nonexy, mp 3 hhm 3ajiHHiHB-ca, flyMKH, inp Teac cxHaÍ30Bam an rojiociHHa. — CnpHa 3hob míhh-GTbca — CßaxonojiK MipKyc, mp bíh noBHHeH me íhiuhx yÖHBCXB bhh-hhxh, 60 ÍHaKrue 6paxH 3'GnHaBHiHca ... BHaceHyib MeHe, i 6yn,y najieKO Bin, npecxojiy 6aTbKa Moro, i xyra 3a mogk) 3eMjieio rpH3THMe MeHe, i raHböa raHHxejiiB Bnanp Ha MeHe, Í MOG KHH3ÍBCXBO BÍ3bMe XXOCb ÍHIHHH, i 3anycxiioxb nBopn moí ... Bíh nocHJiac no Tjiiöa. Tjiiß 3 HeBejiHKOio n,pyacHHOK> Inp 30 KHGBa, Bin. CMOJieHCbKa njiHBynn *iobhom. ITo nppo3Í bíh nicxaG BÍcxKy Bin. JIpocaaBa, ino BMep BojionnMHp xa mp 3a6nxo Bopnca. Tjiio „njia-Hexbca" 3a öaxbKOM i 6paxoM (3HOBy b cthjií HaponHHx rojiocÍHb). KojiH noBHH rjiiôa i CBaionojiKOBHx nocjiaHirÍB 3ycxpÍHyjiHca Ha ^Hinpi, bohbiií nocKaKajiH b nose h TjiiÖa 3 MenaMH b pyKax, — „b ycix noBHnanajiH Becjia 3 pyK, i bcí 3aßMepjiH Bin, acaxy". Tjiio, inp Maäace nHTHHa bíkom, noHHHac 3BopyuiJiHBo mojihxh bohbuíb noMH-jiyBaTH noro: noMHJiyfixe mok) MOJioflicxb, ôpaxifl Ta naHOBe moí! Bh 6yneTe moimh naHaMH, a a BaniHM HeßijibHHKOM. He noacHHaÖTe MeHe inp Henp3pijioro acnxTaMÍ He noaíHHaoxe Kojioca me HecTHrjioro, ajie noBHoro MOJioKa [6e33JIOČHOCTH! He piacTe jio3h, inp n^e Hecrnrjia, ajie MaG mřín,! npoxaHHa He BnjiHBaioxb Ha bohbuíb, TaK caMo fi 3ßopyinjiHBa mo-jiHTBa 3a poflHHÍB, b TOMy hhcjií i 3a „öpaxa Ta Bopora" CßflTonoJiKa. }KaxjiHßicTb cneHH nocHJiiOGTbca rue thm, inp Tjiiöa 3aKOJiiOG íioro 83 / Kyxap Top^hh HoaceM, „hko 6e33jio6nBe Hran". — Jlnine KopoTKO onoBinaG „CKa3amiG" npo nepeMory HpocjiaBa Has CßaTonojiKOM, npo HanÍB6oaceBÍai>Hy BTeny CBHTonojma, „3a hkhm híxto He ateHeTb-ca", ia npo ííoro CMepTt aecb y nycrejii Miac IIojiBmeK) ?a HexiGio... — Tßip 3aKÍHHy6Ti,ca BHTpnMaHoio b 6orocjiyac6oBOMy cthjií noxBa-jiok) cbhthm. JIiTonnc 3Öepir onoBiaaHHH b KopoTiniö cpopMi. Boho no^HHaGTb-ca npocTO 3 Toro, m,o Bopnc flicTac 3BÍCTKy npo cinepTb ÖaTbKa, a nic-jia onoBiflaHHH npo 3a6HTTa o6ox khh3íb (aaaeKo KopoTnii aipn^m Micn,a, HeMaG MipKyBam> CBaTonojma), — one 3Haimo niaHecemnia „noxBajra". lipo npjiio CBHTonojma po3noBÍaaGTbca innpnie Ta Bace b Meacax jíiTonncHoro onoBinaHHH. OÓHflBa TBOpH JlÍTepaTypHO Haa3BHHaíiHO BHKiHHeHi. B Jlipn^HHX MOHoaorax, pnTMÍ30BaHHx, cTHjiÍ30BaHnx 3fle6iabinoro hk rojiocinna („naa^i") a6o mojihtbh (Bflaao BiiopaHi tckcth 3 3ayTpem, nio nia-xoaaTb 30 CTaH0BHiu,a Eopnca), bschto (popMH HaponHHX roaociHb, no BCbOMy TBopi po3cnnaHi TeKCTH 3 cb. ÜHCbMa, BHKopHCTam Tpa- 3Hi;íhhí MOTHBH XapaKTepHCTHKH 3MÍHJIHB0CTH Ta CKOpOMHHyjIOCTH CBÍTy i t, a., aoöpe BiaTBopeHi nepeacHBaHHa Ta ayMKH, mp Ix m oř jih Mam Bopnc, Taiö, CßaTonojiK. KoacHy ocoóy cxapaKTepnsoBaHO íh-anBiayaatHo: aHTHHHiCT*> Taiöa, noro jik>6ob ao CTapiuoro 6paTa, BiaaaHicTb CßHTonojiKa ,,0JiaraM n,boro cBÍTy" Tomp; n,i xapaKTepnc-THKH BnaeTeHi b xia au- U.ÍKaBHn yacHTOK aaiTepaniä, 30KpeMa, hhc-jieHHHX y nonaTKOBin nacTHHi JíiTonncHoro BapiaHTy. AßTop bhko-pucTaB cTapiiny nepenaaaHy jiiiepaTypy; a^mo bíh HaBÍTb 3raaye, Hanp., acHTTa Hhkhth, B'a^ecaaBa HecbKoro, /jMHTpa CoayHCbKoro, jieťeHay npo K)jiÍHHa BiacrynHHKa, ajie ocoöjihboi 6jth3l.kocth ao uhx TBopiß noMÍTHTH He MoacHa. Tana 6jiH3bKÍCTb HaaeacHTt ao Tpa-aniíin ,,acHTiä". BejiH*ie3HHH ycnix „CKa3aHHa" b nÍ3HÍnii ctojiítth, MaßyTb, Haopo3noBCioaíKeHÍnioro TBopy CTapoKHiBCBKoi jíiTepaTypn — uíkjiom 3acjiyaceHHH. IIÍ3HÍnie fioro nepeKJiaaeHo i Ha öbiopycbKy Ta yicpaiHCbKy mobh (noHHHaiOHH 3 „HeTbii" 1489 p.). 3. JXpymu nJKaBHH npHKaaa ayxoBHoro onosiaaHHH — ono-BiaaHHH npo nepniHx nenepcbKHx neHijiB. Boho BciaBjieHe ao jiíto-nncy (p. 1074), a 3roaoM ao uenepcbKoro IlaTepHKa. IIÍ3HÍnie öoro HacTo po3Kaaflajin Ha neTBepo OKpeMHX onoBiaaHb npo HOTHpbox HeHi^iB. U,e 30BCÍM He BianoBiaac ayxoBi onoBiaaHHa. 3míct noro npocTHH. IIo^aBiuH 3 Toro, mp «reoaocin 3Í6paB „TaKnx neHniB, iup caiOTb Ha Pyci, hk CBirajia", Ta cxapaKTepH3yBaBniH iix KopoTeHbKo, hk ayxoBHy cnijiKy, MjieHH hkoi noBHi jiioôoeh Ta totobocth aono-MaraTH oanH oflHO&iy, aBTop 3ynHHH6Tbca Ha KiabKOx 3 hhx. lie — J^aM'aH, inp aiKyBaB aiTefi Ta aopocjinx, noMOJiHBuiHCH Haa hhmh 84 Ta noMacTHBuiH Ix ojiígio; CpeMÍa, mo MaB „Bifl Bora flap" nepefl-ßanaTH MaööyTHG Ta flyMKH jnofleň; MaKpiö, mo Maß BHflhiHa, am BiflKpHBajiH äoMy BHyTpiuiHG jkhtth jnoAeň; Hanp., bíh 6a^HB "íop-Ta b o6pa3i jifixa, mo xoflHB nifl nac cjiyacÔH no u,epKBÍ Ta KHflas Ha nemiÍB kbíth, flo Koro kbíth npHJinnajra, toh bhxoahb 3 n,epKBH i He noBepTaBca; bíh Öa^hb Kyny *iopTÍB, mo Ha noro 3anHTaHHH BiflnoBÍJiH, mo BOHH npHnnijin 3a MnxanjioM TojIbÖeKOBHHeM, — nÍ3HÍme BnaBHjioca, mo men Mnxanjio — HepHen,b — thm nacoM yriK 3 MaHacTHpa. ^oKJiaflHo po3noBÍflaG aBTop npo Icania. JXe hí6h n;eHTp ycboro onoßiflaHHH. Icanin, „y cbítí" öaraTHÖ Kynent 3 ToponiíH, BHpilUHB niTH flO MaHaCTHpa, p03flaB MaGTOK ÖiflHHM Ta MaHäcTHpHM i npHHmoB flo Ahtohíh Ile^epctKoro, aKHÖ i flaB noMy iM'a IcaKiö Ta „BnarayB Ha Hboro ^epHene BÖpaHHa". IcaKiö nonaB BaaíKe, cyBope acHTTa — bíh BflarHyBca y bojiochhhuk), a Ha Hei EflarHyB cnpy K03aany HiKipy, mo 3C0XJiaca Ha HtoMy, 3aMKHyBca b MaaeHbKÍH nenepi Ta cím pokíb cnacaBca b „3aTBopi", flicTaiOHH jinme oflHy npociíypy nepe3 fleHb, any npnHOCHB öoMy Ahtohíh, ra TpoxH BOflH. OflHoro pa3y bhohí 3acajio b nenepi cbítjio, i nepefl Ica-kígm 3'aBHJiHca flBa lOHaKH 3 caoBaMH i „mu HHroaH, a 3a hemh öfle XpHCToc, noKaoHHca öoMy". IcaKiö noKJioHHBca nocTari, any bíh yßaacaB 3a XpncTa, i onHHHBca TaK y Bjiafli MopTÍB, 60 Bce n,e ôyjia jiHine ^íopTÍBCbKa oMaHa, aKOÍ bíh He po3nÍ3HaB. Ilenepa HanoBHH-jiaca HopTaMH, mo n,iJiy híh 3a6aBJiaaHca IcaKÍGM, 3MymyioHH öoro TäHi^iOBaTH flo My3HKH . . . Bpanitf Ahtohíh He flicTaB Ha cbog npn-BÍTaHHa flo IcaKia híhko'í BÍflnoBÍfli, i, bíhkphbihh nelepý, 3HaänioB öoro HanÍBMepTBoro. Tpn poKH jieacaB IcaKiö Maoaíe HepyxoMo, no-Majiy bíh 3HOBy HaBHHBca xoahth, ícth ... Ajie Tenep bíh yace He saTBopHBca b nelepí, a xoahb no MaHacrapi, npainoBaB 3a Kyxapa Ta „TBOpHB lOpOflCTBo"* b MaHaCTHpí Ta n03a MaHaCTHpeM, flíCTaiOHH 3a CBoi ,,K>poflCTBa" jiaÖKH, a to h noôoi".. . KopoTeHBKo onoBÍflaG aB-Top npo Te, an IcaKiö nepeHocHB CTpaniHHÖ xojiofl y 3hmí, ak bíh 60CHMH HoraMH noracHB BoroHb y neni, aK bíh y3aB rojiHMH pyKa-MH BopoHa. Tenep bíh 3HOBy ocejiHBca b cboiö cTapiö nelepí, nopra poÖHJiH cnpoöy cnoKycHTH a6o „nepejiaKaTH"** noro, ajie hí^oro He MorjiH 3 h hm 3poÔHTH i MycijiH BH3HaTH ľ ,,Th Hac nepeMÍr, Ica-kík)!" KopoTKo po3noBÍflaGTbca npo cMepTb IcaKia. Bce onoßiflaHHa saKÍHHyGTbca KopOTeHbKoio noxBaaoio IlenepcbKHM HemmM. *) ,,K>poßCTBO" — neBHa (J)OpMa acKe3n: HaBMHCHa HyřiepHaHbKa noBe- fllHKa J1H3AHHH, HKy 3a He iHini BHCMÍIOK>Tb HH 3HeBaHCaK»Tb J ajie TaKHÖ KipOflHBHH MOHce MäTH iHMajTHö BnjTHB na OTo^eHHH, Hanp., roBopHHH OABepTO npo Te, npo mo „po3yMHi" He tobophtb, Tom;o. **) „JlHKaHHH" HopTiB Mae Ha MeTi nopyníHTH piBHOBary jho/jhhh, BiflTHr-HyTH ii yBary bí# iioöojkhhx po3flyMyBaHb. 85 KOJIH MH yBaíKHilUe npHHHBHMOCH HO OnOBÍflaHHH, TO noöaHHMO, inp BOHo He e npocTHM cnojiyneHHaM noTHptox o k p e m h x onoBÍ-flaHb. Bce onoBÍnaHHH g noBHa g a, h i c t b, , 60 nepe3 Htoro npoxo-HHTb KijibKa npoBÍAHHx nyMOK. OcHOBHa inea — flyMKa npo „napn Xlyxa", 60 caMe npo Taid napn, aK jimyBaHHH, HHTaHHa nyMOK, npo-ponraa, flap SaHHTH n,yxoBHHH cbít — ine MOBa b KopoTeHBKHX ono-BiflaHHHx npo /l,aM'HHa, GpeMho Ta MaTípia. A b onoBÍnaHHÍ npo Ica-Kia öne MOBa npo oním 3 HaHBaacjiHßiniHx napiß .ZJyxa — „po3pi3HeH-hh nyxÍB", 3fliÖHicTb nÍ3HaTH, ,,HKoro nyxa" g Te, m,o HaM 3'aBjiaGTb-ca. npo 5,po3pÍ3HeHHH nyxiß" roBopaTB HHMajio onoBinaHh 3 CTapnx naTepHKÍB. IeaKifi, oneBHflHo, He Maß Uboro „flapy Ztyxa", kojih bíh Miř npHHHHTH HopTÍB 3a XpHCTa Ta aHrojiiB. Hlo HopT Moace nepe-KHflaTHca „aHroJioM cBiTjia", npo ne mu HHTaGMO b cb. uhclmí (2 Kop. 11, 13) Ta b anoKpmpax (,,Bn3HaHHa Gbh"), 3HaG npo ne i „IlaM'aTi, Ta noxBaaa kh. BojionHMHpoBÍ" (rhb. I. r. 6). 3 onoBÍ-HaHHH npo IcaKia bh^ko, mo „po3pÍ3HeHHa nyxÍB" He MoacHa npcar-HyTH HaBÍTb HaöcyBopinioK) acKe3oio. LUpno Tpbox íhuihx neHum, to jiHuie npo acKe3y J^aM'aHa roßopHTbca KÍJibKa cniB. Aapn TJyxa He MoacHa flicTaTH, Tan 6h mobhth, „npHMycoM". I cyBopnö acKOT IcaKiß 6yB flyxoBHo me He 3pijiHH rjih Uboro. ni3HÍiue bíh tcaace nopTáM: „Bh nepeMorjiH MeHe b o6pa3Í Xphctobím, kojih a ine gyB HenpcToÖHHH TaKoro BHfliHHa". A ne npHBoaHTb Hac no naJibinoi tcmh nboro ono-BiflaHHa — no nojieMÍKH npoTH HaflMipHoi acKe3H, 6o í>eoflocÍH 6yB, BJiaCHe, npOTHBHHKOM KpafÍHix (pOpM aCKeTHHHOrO aCHTTH. OTace, onoBiflaHHH npo nepmnx HeHn,íb g bhhbom neBHo'í nyxoBHoi Tpannnii uenepcbKoro MaHacrapa. Ue nytfce rapHe TeHfleHijiHHe onoBinamiH HanncaHe npocTOio MOBOK), He noMÍTHMO TyT ani phtmíkh, am BHUiyKaHHx (piryp, HeMac HaBÍTb TeKCTÍB 3 cb. ÜHCbMa. Ajie OKpeMi MOTHBH nyace nacTO Hara-flyiOTb onoBÍflaHHa CTapnx — Toni Bace BÍnpMHX y Khgbí -— naTepHKÍB Ta acHTÍfi. 4. me npocTÍmi onoBÍnaHHa oblbni CBÍTCbKoro xapaKTepy npo „bojixbíb" Ta npo KHa3a BacHjibKa. OnoBÍflaHHa npo BoaxBÍB (3aHe-ceHe b jiÍTonnc nin. p. 1071) g cnojryaeHHaM Tpbox OKpeMHx onoBÍ- naHb 3 OflHÍGK) TeMaTHKOK), iuo 30BCÍM He 3B'a3aHÍ 3 thm CaMHM pOKOM. BoaxBH, mo BHXBaaaiOTbCH cboí'm Bce3HaHHHM Ta npopoKyiOTb npo MaößyTHG, He nepeflÖanaiOTb BaacHoi cbogí 3arn6ejii. lipo nepnioro BoaxBa b Khgbí po3noBÍnaeTbca jinnie b kíjibkox caoßax — bíh npo-poKyBaB, mo 3a n'aTb poKÍB „^HÍnpo noTene Ha3an, Ta KpaÍHH no- 3MÍHK)IOTb CBOl MÍCHia", aJie OflHÍGl HOHÍ caM 3HHK. ninpoKe g onoßinaHHH npo bojixbíb na nÍBHoni y (pÍHÍB. H.e onoBÍnaHHa 3anncaHe, HaneBHe, 3i cjiíb flpyacHHHHKa ílHa BinnaTHHa, 86 mo noRaB JiiToiracijeBi HHMajio Wß ň rainoro MaTepiflJiy. /jBa bojixbh b PocTOBCbKOMy Kpai 3aneBHHJiH jiioflHicTb nia. nac rojiony, mo hííhkh napaMH „3axoByioTb CTpaBH" Ta npopÍ3yioHH tíjio 3a naeHHMa u,hx aCÍHOK, HÍÓHTO 3BÍRTH BHTHraJIH xjií6 aÔO pHÖy, „BHHHHx" aÚHOK bohh 3aonBajin, a ix Maň ho 3aÖHpajiH coöi.. . Hh, mp 36npaB Toni noflaTKH, 3aTpHMaB bojixbíb Ta BinnaB ix Ha noMCTy ponHHaM 3a6n-thx jkíhok, mo ä noBÍCHjiH ix Ha n,yôi: ,,TaK oônnBa 3arHHyjiH ^epe3 öiciBCbKy Hayny; 3HaBuiH 3arH6ejib íhhihx, cbog'í He 3HajiH..." — ^ajii öne u,ÍKaBe onoBinamia npo noraHCbKHH CBÍTorjian, (piHÍB („^yni"), a bck) mo cepiio 3aKÍHHyG MimaTiopHe onoBÍn,aHHa npo Ha-poRHe noraHCbKe noBCTaHHa b HoBropoai (MaôyTb, kojio 1070 p.), Pß BOJixB noBÍB 3a co6ok> Bce HacejieHHH; jiňme npyaama 3ajiHniH-jiacH npn KHH3eBÍ TjiiooBi Ta enncKonoßi. Toni KHH3b, y3aBiHH to-nipenb nin. naain,, nin,ÍHinoB no BOJiXBa i 3annTaB itoro, an toh Bce 3Hae. ,,Po3yMÍGTbCH, Bce" — „A mo 6yne cboronm?" — „3po6jno BejíHKi nyneca". Tôni khh3b BnapHB BOJixBa TonipneM, toh ynaB MepT-ehh, a Hapon. po3ÍinnoBca. 2KHBe onoBinaHHa npHKpameHe jraine ko-poTKHMH 3raRKaMH npo naponiiB 3 cb. IlHCbMa. JXiňcm nepeacHBaHHfl íma Ta onoBinaHHa npo Bipy „^yni" ((pmiß) ctoatb TyT nopyn Man- RpiBHOl aHeKROTH, mo TyT li 3aCT0C0BaH0 RO KHH3H TjliÖa Ta KHlBCb- Koro BOJixBa. OTace, MaeMO MaaeHBKHH 36ipHHH0K pÍ3HOMaHÍTHoro MaTepiaay, 3B'a3aHoro b grhícti. cniabmcTio ochobho'í TeMH. 5. TaK caMo npocTo po3Ka3ana icTopia kh. BacnatKa (aiTonnc nin, 1097 p.). Ajie HaBÍTb npocTHH BHKJian, noniii caMOBHn,neM, Bacn-jieM (MaöyTb, nyxoBHHKOM TepeöoBjictKoro BacHJibKa* ), ne- pe3 RpaMaTHHHicTb caMHx nonin Ta 3ni6mcTb aBTopa ho nrapoKoro BHKJiany HaöyB Han.3BH^aHH0i njiacTH^mocTH. ľlicjia po3MÍpHO ko-poTKoro jiiTonHCHoro BHKaany npo JlK>6enbKHH coöm KHa3ÍB, aKi TaM „uijiyBajiH xpecT" He no^HHaiH bíhhh ohhh npoTH onHoro, noHHHa-GTbca onoBiflaHHa npo BacHJibKa cjiOBaMH: „I npniimoB CßaTonoaK (KhÍBCLKHH) 3 j^aBHflOM (BoaOHHMHpCbKHM) ho KlIGBa, i bcí jhohh 6yan pani; Jinme nnaBOJi acypHBca 3 u,ígi jiioöobh". IJicio KpacHOK) aHTHTe30K) b onoBinaHHa BnpoBan.acyGTbca TeMa npo aBapn Miac khh-3HMH ak 1hh nnaBOJia. „I bbíhhiob caTaHa b cepne neaicHM aionaM, i bohh nOHajIH rOBOpHTH /^aBHROBl IropeBÍHeBÍ TaKHMH caoBaMH ..." B (popMi niaaory onoBinacTbca npo MipicyBaHHa, mo npHBean T^aBH-aa Ta, nicaa neBHHX cyMHÍBÍB, i CßaTonoaKa ro pmiemia ycyHyra BacHabKa aK HeöesnenHoro cynepHHKa 3 noaiTHHHoro acHTTa. 3ho-By, 3He6iabuioro y ^opMi po3MOB, onoBinaGTbca npo Te, hk CßaTO-nojiK 3aKaHKaB ro ceöe Ha iMeHHHH BacnabKa, mo anpa3 npníxaB *) JíexTo BBancas aBTopa 3a „flpyjKHHHHKa", ajie ^jih qtoro HeMae híhkhx niACTaB. 87 ro BHayßeDjbKoro MaHacTHpa, hk BacHjibKo bírmobhbch Ta Cbhto-nojiK TOfli 3anpocHB fioro 30 ceöe b rocTimy: „Hk He ôaacaeni ne- KaTH MOix ÍMeHHH, TO npHXORL CbOrORHÍ, npHBÍTaGHI Mene i nOCHRHMO Bei pa30M 3 ^aBHflOM". BacHjiLKo, He 3BajKaK>Hn Ha Te, mo noro nepecTepirajiH, noíxaB y rocTHHy, MipicyiOHH: „Hk ue xo^yrt Mene saxoiíHTH? Mh ac Toai n.ijiyBajiH xpecT Í3 cjiOBaMH: xto noBCTaHe npoTH imnoro, npoTH Toro óyae i xpecT". IIír nac tocthhh Cbhto-nojiK BHxoHHTt 3 noKoio, a BacHjibKo roBopHTb ao /JaBHRa. Ajie TíaBHa „He MOBHTb i He cjiyxae, Maioan acax Ta 3pan,y b cepni". Ha-peíHTÍ BHXORHTb 3 nOKOK) i j^aBHfl. BaCHJIbKa 3aapeiHT0ByiOTi> i 3a-KOByHDTb b KafinaHH. Po3MipHO KopoTKO nepeKa3yc aBTop nepeöir Ha-paa CBHTonojiKa 3 öoapaMH, BaraHHH CBHTonojnca, aicoro ,I[aBHR0BÍ see ac BRajioca bmobhth. Bhohí BHBe3eHo BacHJibKa 30 3bhho-ropoRKH. 2KaxjiHBa cn,eHa ocjiinjieuHa BacHjibKa onncaHa Bytfce 3e-TajiLHO. BacHjibKo noôa^iHB, mo rocrpaTb híjk i 3po3yMÍB, m,o xonyTb noro ocjiinHTH. JJ,o noKoio, ae 6yB yß's3HeHHH BacHjibKo, ysiíiHiJio 3Ba hojiobíkh, po3ÍcjiajiH khjihm, ajie BacHjibKo öopoBca 3 hhmh, Ta k mo BOHH He MorjiH KHHyTH áoro Ha khjihm; T03Í bbíhihjih me íhhií, noöopojiH noro, noKJiajiH Ha Hboro 3oniKy; ajie HaBÍTb hk Ha 3oiHKy cíjih 3Boe, He MorjiH fioro BTpnMaTH, T031 3hhjih 3 ne^i apyry aouiKy, hkoio npHTHCHyjiH äoro TaK CHJibHo, m,o rpyan noro Tpima-jiH. Toai niaiáiuoB Cbíitohojikíb BÍBHap 3 HoaceM, ajie He nonaB Ba-CHJibKOBi 30 OKa i nepepÍ3aB HOMy jran,e; „notím yaapHB noro b oko i BHHHHB oko, noTÍM — b 3pyre i bhhhhb 3pyre". BacHjibKo jieacaB, „HK MepTBHH". „I B3HJIH HOľO, nOKJiaJIH Ha khjihm, hk MepTBOrO, í nO- Be3JiH flo BojioRHMHpa... i nepeixaBHiH 33BHaceHCbKHH míct, cTajín 3 hhm Ha ToproBHin,i, i 3hjijih 3 Hboro copoHKy i aajiH BHnpaTH nona-31; nonasa, BHnpaBHiH copoHKy, BsarHyjia iľ Ha Hboro (BacHJibKa) b Ton ^ac hk oôisajiH, i no^iajia njiaKaTH nonasH, 60 bíh 6yB, hk MepTBHH. I no^iyB bíh njian i mobhb: J\e a? BoHa ac BÍanoBÍjia: B míctí 33BHaceHÍ, i bíh nonpoxaB B03H, i HanHBca, i oTaMHBca, i npn-ra3aB yce, i noMan,aB copoHKy i mobhb: HoMy bh 3hhjih ii 3 MeHe? Hexaä 6h a b tíh KpHBaBÍH copoHiji CMepTb npniraaB i CTaB nepe3 BoroM! . ." — ITicjiH onoBÍ3aHHa npo oöypeHHH íhhihx khh3Íb Ta npo nonaTOK íx noxoay npoTH CBHTonojnca Ta ZíaBHRa, onoBÍaaHHa, mp Moace BCTaBjíeHe C103H Bace JiiTomícneM, npo30Bacy€ cbog onoBisan-HH aBTop hobícth npo BacHjibKa: „I hk a Tyr 6yB, y Bojio3HMHpi, 03HÍGÍ' hohí npHCJiaB no MeHe KHa3b /JaBHR. I a npnHinoB 30 Hboro, i 3pyacHHa CH3Íjia kojio Hboro, i bíh nocasHB MeHe Ta mobhb 30 MeHe: H *iyB, inp BacHjibKo... CKa3aB: ... Hexan 6h .Z^aEna MeHe nocay-xaB, to a HasicjiaB 6h Korocb 3 cboíx aioaeä 30 (KHa3a) Boaoan-MHpa (MoHOMaxa), n^o6 bíh noBepHyBca (ceÖTo bÍ3mobhbch BÍa bh- 88 npaBH npoTH CBaTonojiKa Ta ^aBHfla). C-TJKe, — nocHJiaio Teöe, Ba-CHJiK), fl;o BacHJi&Ka... i CKaJKH äoMy: Kojih th xoieiu nocjiaTH CBoro MyjKa Ta Bojiohhmhp noBepHeTBca, to 3aM To6i HKe xoneui míc-to: BceBOJiojK aöo HIenojiB aöo IlepeMHJib! .." 3 nocojiBCTBa 30 Bo-jioHHMHpa HiHoro He bhhhijio, ajie aBTop nepe^ae cboio po3MOBy 3 BacHJifcKOM, n,e BacHjiBKO bhcjiobhb nyMKy, inp äoMy xpanHJioca n,e neinacTH nepe3 noro ropnicTB, 60 bíh Maß 3aHan,To BejiHKi njiaHH, HijonpaBfla, He npoin íhihhx khh3íb, ajie npoTH jiaxiß xa nojioBijiB: ,,A6o Haöyny coöi cjiaBH, aöo rojioBy noKJian,y 3a PycBKy 3eMJiio". /JajiBine onoBiflaHHH npo Biímy BojionnMHpa 3 /JaBHnoM, npo 3bíjib-HeHHa BacHjibKa i npo ocTaioHHy nepeMory Han, CsaTonojiKOM, inp noKJiHKaß Ha ppnoMory yrpiß, 3naGTBca} BenpTbca BJKe jiixonHcneM, a He BacHjieM, — aBTopoM onoBÍn,aHHH npo BacHji&Ka. OnoBi^aHHa npo BacHjiBKa, i^o, hk 6aHHM0, He jihhihjioch b cbo-iii nepBicHin cpopMi, a bbíhhijio no jiiTonncy, noKa3yG HaM, hkhh jií-TepaTypHHH xhct mh MOHceMo 3ycTpiHyTH b 11 Bin,i. y HaßeneHHX ypHBKax mh öa^HMo aoöpy TexHÍKy BHKJiany po3MOB, bmíhhh KOpOT-Ko xapaKxepH3yBaTH ncHxi^HHÍi cTaH híhobhx ociô, ix MipnyBaHHa, nepejKHBäHHa, BaraHHa touio. íle onoBinaHHH cboghd jiiiepaTypHOio TexHÍKOK) noKa3yG 3pÍJiicTb aBTopa i njia TBopiß 6ijii>nioro 3HaneHHa. 6. JXo noßicTapcBKoro MaTepiajiy HajiencaTB i TBopn Toro raTyH-Ky, hkhh 6yß yjnoôJieHHH Ha yKpami i nÍ3HÍme, am, jio 17-18 ct. (nÍ3HÍmi TBopn UBoro rany HajiejKaTt, Hanp., ITeTpoßi Mornjii, I. Ta- JIHTOBCBKOMy Ta CB. /jMHTpoBÍ TynTaJIOBI - „PoCTOBCLKOMy") ; n,e — onoBÍaaHHa npo ^yseca cbhthx. MacMo 36ipKy xaKHx onoBÍn,aHB npo xiyn,eca Bopnca Ta TjiiÖa, am nacTo npnaBajiHca n,o ,,CKa3aHna" npo npo ix 3aÖHTTa, ajie nocTajiH aK caMocTÍHHi 3anncH npo nyflecHi 03-flopoBjíeHHH, npo 3BÍjitHeHHa 3 B'aSHHui Tonj,o, cnojiyneHi 3 icTopn^i-hhmh 3anncaMH npo nepeßeseHHa mohjíb cbhthx np KnGBa, npo 6y- nOBy UepKOB ix ÍMeHH. ni3HÍme nocTajia 36ipKa onoßin,aHB npo ^yneca cb. Mhkojih MipjiiKÍHCBKoro. B nin 36ipni cnojiynem nepeKJia^h Ta ^orapn, 33a-gtbch, opHríHajiLHi 3anncH npo nynpca 3 nacy bíh nojioBHHH 11 ct. Ho nonaTKy 12 ct. b H,aproponi (2) Ta b Khgbí (2). Ha nBOMy He oÖMeacycTBca noßicTapcBKHH MaTepiaji 3 Jiirepa-Typn CTapnx naciß. MacMo & íhihí peniTKH CTapnx onoßißaHB. Hanp., icTopHHHO Ba>KJiHBa TaK 3b. „KopcyHCBKa jiereHna", inp onoßinae npo oxpnnuieHHa BojionHMHpa b Kopcym (MaöyTt, Bcynepe^: híhchoc-tí, 60 g bcí nincTaBH HyMaTH, 1110 Bojiohhmhp oxphcthbch b Khgbí a6o BacHJiBKOBi, in,e nepen, BraipaBoio). Ajie n;e „rpeKOípijiBCBKe" TCHfleHiíiíÍHe onoBiflaHHa aiänijio flo Hac TeJK y cKJian4 jiiTonncy 89 b nyace 3MmeH0My BHrjiani, 3 npnaTKaMH 3 aKorocb eninHoro ono-BÍn,aHHH, TaK iup nÍ3HaTH noro cTapy KOMno3Hiiiio Bace Baaato. IIpanTO Hafl BHflijieHHHM 3 jiÍTonncy peniTOK CTapoi jíiTepaTypn BapTo npoflOBJKyBaTH. 7. Mh 6aHHJiH b cTapiň noBicTHpcbKiň jíiTepaTypi i^íkebí npHKJia-flH pÍ3HHx raTymtiB. IIoBicTapcTBo CTaporo KHGBa a6o híjikom g a6o HaMaraGTbCH 6yTH íctophhhhm, onoBinaTH npo fl i h c h i nojiii. Ajie nepeKa3H noBicTapÍB — He JiHine cyxi, kopotkí 3anncH. Abtoph no- BÍCTeíl BMÍlOTb 3po6HTH CBOl OnOBÍn,aHHH UÍKaBHMH Ta p03BHBaTH CBOG onoBinaHHH 3 npaMaTHHHHM HanpyaceHHHM. HaíiBHinpro CTyneHa bmí-jiocth npcarHyB aHOHÍMHHH aBTop „CKa3aHHa" npo Bopnca Ta rjiiča, 3 noro naTeTHHHoio pnTMÍ30BaHoio npo30K> Ta CKJiaflHHMH jíiTepa- TypHHMH 3aC06aMH, y3flTHMH HaCTKOBO 3 6oroCJiyHí60BHX ťaTyHKÍB, 3 BHKOpHCTaHHflM TeKCTÍB cb. IlHCbMa TOLUp. Ajie ň ÍHIUÍ nOBÍCTflpi BHflBJíHiOTb 30KpeMa bmíhhh aiTepaTypHoro 3o6paaceHHa, BKJiafla-iohh flyMKH Ta nonyBaHHH b floópe 3Óyfl0Bam MOHOJiorn aíhobhx oci6. BnKJiaa 3ne6ijibinoro flocHTb npocTHH, MHCTeiibKi npnKpacn cny-ni; HafíSijitrny yBary 3BepTaGTbca Ha nepeSir nonifi. Ajie cbíh bhk-jiafl — i b nibOMy ix HaHÓijibHie bmíhhh — bohh noflaiOTb nrapoKO, 3BepTaK>HH yBary HHTana Ha OKpeMi BaacjiHBi momchth, BMiioTb no-chjihth HanpyaceHHfl onoBiflaHHa, „3aTpHMyiOHH" onoBiflaHHa, hk Hanp., y noBÍcri npo BacnjibKa (cn,eHa ocjiinjieHHH!). OnoBinaHHH, in,o mh ix 3HacM0, bcí TeHneHH,íhhí, ajre TeHneHnifirncTb He nepeniKo-flHjia aBTopaM y BHKOHaHHi cyTO jíiTepaTypHHx 3aBflaHb. OnoBinaH-hh 11 BÍKy HajieacaTb n,o HaHKpaiijHx TBopiB CTapoi KHÍBCbKoi Jiiie-paTypn. r. 3K II T i JI 1. ,,}KHTÍHHa" JíiTepaTypa Bnpa3Ho BÍn,pÍ3HaGTbca BÍ3 jíiTepaTy-pn flyxoBHoi noBicTH. „JKhtíg" MOJKHa 6yjio nncaTH jinine npo cbh-roro, ceÓTo npo npaBeflny jnoflHHy, ajih BH3HaHHH cbhtocth hkoí Bace icHyBajin neBHi oSrpyHTOBam flám. OxpHineHHa Pycn 3naBajio-ea cynacHHKaM 3anÍ3HeHHM, xpHCTHHHÍ3anÍGio ,,b ocTaHHio", ,,0flH-HaflnaTy roflHHy". HncjieHHa acnriňHa JíiTepaTypa, HKa npHÍimjia 3pa3y b SojirapcbKHX nepeKJiaflax, hh 6yjia nepeKJiafleHa Bace b Kh-gbí, Morjia ijíjikom 3aflOBOJibHHTH noTpeSy nHTana, thm 6iJibine, rop cepefl HaňcTapimHx nepeKJianHHX »chtíh 6yao nHMajio TBopiB, n,ÍKa-bhx He JiHine acHTiíÍHHM 3míctom, aae ň MHCTenbKoio cpopMoio a6o SorocjioBCbKHMH MipKyBaHHaMH (nanp., atHTia, nio nopymyiOTb im-TaHHa npo KÍHen,b CBhy — Anflpia K)poflHBoro h íh.). IIonpHXOflH-jih flo Hac i acHTia hobhx caoB*aHCbKHX CBarax: Knpnjia Ta MeTO-flia, B'anecaaBa HecbKoro, cb. JIioflMHjiH. Ma6yTb, HKpa3 ni acHTia 90 cnoHyKajiH onncaTH i jkhtth BjiacHHX cbhthx; He nypHo b o6ox jkh-tíhx, nHCäHHx HecTopoM (Eopnca i Tjiiöa Ta eo;nocÍH nenepcbKO-ro) MaeMo BÍnryKH jkhtíh cb. B'nHecjiaBa. nncaTH jkhtíh BJiacHHx cbhthx 6yjio HHMajioio cmíjihbíctk), 3HaHHjio nocTaBHTH CBOix npaBeflHHKÍB nopyn: CTapnx BejiHKHX cbhthx ia My*ieHHKÍB. CxinHbocjioB'HHCbKa JKHTÍHHa jiÍTepaTypa me noBro Majia xapaKTep Han3BHHaHH0i „ckpomhocth" : Majio ono-Bi^aHL npo nyneca, HeMae HanMÍpHoro BHXBajiHHHH cbhthx, BejiHKa 3ajieJKHÍcTb Bifl nepeKJiaflHHx a6o cjiob'hhc£>khx 3pa3KÍB. H,io 3a-jieJKHicTb He xpeôa po3yMÍTH TaK, mp aBTopn npocTo cnHcyBajiH jkhtíh nyjKHx cbhthx. HaBnaKH, cTapi jkhtíh HaMaraioibCH noaa-BaTH floßpe nepeBÍpeHi Ta neBHÍ bí^omoctí. Ajie aBTopn ix, Ha JKajib, í3 CBoro MaTepÍHJiy BHÖnpaioTb Tam pncn, mp 3acBÍ;n;HeHÍ i b jkh-tíhx cTapiiHHx cbhthx. Hp e hí6h rapaHTiGK) Toro, inp TaKi pHCH -—■ cnpaBJKHi 03HaKH cbhtocth. KojiH Maiepiajiy npo cbhthx He icHy-Bajio, to i jkhtíh He nncajiocH. MaöyTb, jiHine uhm Tpeöa noacHHTH toô (paKT, mo HeMac CTapnx jkhtíh Ojibrn, BojioAHMHpa Ta HasiTb Ahtohíh nenepcbKoro. lipo hhx cbhthx MäGMo JiHine TBopn, cno- píflHeHÍ 3 jkhtíhmh, ajie ÍHUIOrO CTHJIIO, TBOpH, 11(0 He BHMäraJIH (paKTHHHHX flaHHX. KjIHCHHHÍ TBOpH jkhtíhh01 JlÍTepaTypH rslb HeCTÍp. 2. Ha jkhtí'í BopHca Ta Fjiiôa, TaK 3b. „Htchhi" HecTopa mo-MceMo Haöjiinme noöanHTH, hhm BÍn.pÍ3HHGTbCH jkhtíg Bifl onoBÍn,aH-HH, npHKJiaji HKoro mh ÖaHHjiH b ,,CKa3aHHi". HecTÍp noHHHac 3 mojihtbh, me npocHTb, He 3BaJKaio*iH Ha „rpy-6icTb Ta Hepo3yM*H cepinť' noro, npnoMorn Eojkoi b niä npani. Bíh, mobjihb, nepeKa3yc jinuie Te, mo nyB Bin, hchkhx „xpHCTOjnoonÍB", npoxac BHÔaneHHH MHTanÍB, „opaTÍi", 3a cboio „rpyöicTb". 2Khtíg nOHHHaGTbCH flOBľHM BCTynOM, mo nOflaG ÍCTOpÍK) JHO,HCTBa BÍfl CTBO- peHHH cBÍTy np nouinpeHHH xpHCTHHHCTBa. MHJiocepflHHH Bor no6a-JKaB xoH b „ocTaHHÍ nm" npHGSHaTH i Pycb flo xpHCTHHHCTBa. HecTÍp Haramyc GBaHrejibCbKe onoBÍjj;aHHH npo BHHorpanHHK, 30 HKoro rocnoflap HiyKaB pooíthhkíb. — nepiua nacTHHa jkhtíh onoBÍnac npo khh3h BoJlOflHMHpa, HOro OXpHIUeHHH, 30bcím He 3raflyK)HH npH t0- My npo pojno rpeKÍB npn oxpmnpHHi Pycn. 3ranaBHiH chhíb Bojio-flHMHpa, HecTÍp 3ynHHHGTbCH Ha BopncoBÍ, onoBÍflaKJMH npo fioro MOJIOfliCTb, npo JIIO60B ä0 KHHr, MOJIHTBH, ÖaJKaHHH hth CJlÍHaMH yroflHHKÍB Bojkhx. npo Tjiiöa, „nnTHHy tíjiom, ajie nppocjioro po-3yMOM", HecTÍp onoBÍn,ae hk npo BejiHKoro npHHTejia BopncoBoro, npo fioro „mhjiocthhio", npnoMory ,,JKe6paKaM, baobhhhm i cnpo-TaM". XapaKTepHCTHKa Bopnca Ta Tjiiöa 3aKÍHHyGTbCH nopÍBHHHHHM ix í3 cbhthmh, 3a hkhmh bohh flíCTaJIH XpHCTHHHCbKÍ ÍMeHa (BopHC — PoMaH, Tjiiö — JlaBHn,). 3ranaBiHH npo Te, mo Bopnc ynce nicTaB 91 KHH3ÍBCTB0, a Tjiio (y npornjie>KHÍCTb onoBinaHHK) jiiTonHcy Ta „Cna-3aHHH") 3ajiHiuHBCH b ôaibica, Hecrip 3raaye, mo BojionHMHp no-cjiaB BopHca npora BoporiB. Jlnnie TyT noHHHacTbca BjiacHe icropia CMepTH CBHTHX, hkío bhkjibd^ho npHcBanem onoBiflaHHH JiiTonHcy Ta ,,CKa3aHHfl". Xin, nonifi mono BopHca, BHKaaneHO TaK caMo, aic y ,,CKa3aHH'i", anine HecTip yKaanac b ycTa CBaToro He „naaai", a „mojihtbh" Ta He 3ynHHaGTbca neiaabHO Ha BHHHKaX CBHTOnOJIKa. y cjioBax, MOJíHTBax Ta BKHHKax BopHca, ine ßijibiue, híjk y „Cica-3aHH'i" ninKpecjieHo öoro 6aacaHHH He nopyníHTH cbogí' noKopn Ta cjiyxHíiHocTH CTapmoMy öpaTOBi. — Icxopia Tjiiöa BÍn,pÍ3HaGTbca Bin, „CKa3aHHH" THM, inp Tjiio, 3a HecTopoM, He i'xaB no Kneßa, a btí-KaB 3 KHGBa Ta b6hbd;í HacTHrjiH äoro Ha ^HÍnpi. „üaany" Tjiiöa TyT He 3Haxon,HMo, ajie HecTip Tano>K yicaanae fioMy b ycra npoxaH- HH ho BOporÍB, noníÔHÍ flO THX, mp IX 3HaX03HMO b „CKa3aHHÍ", BH- nycKaio^h, monpaßaa, noeTHHHÍ nopÍBHaHHa 3 „kojiocom" Ta „ao-30K>". 3aMÍCTb onncy eMoniiraHX nepeaaraaHb cynyTHmriB Tjiioa npn Hanaai böhbuBj MaeMO npocTe: „Bohh ch^íjih noKJiaBHiH Becjia". — Jlojieio CBHTonojiKa Ta KniBCbKoro npecTOJiy jkhtíg He n,ÍKaBHTbca: CßHTonojiK „yTiic He jiHHie 3 MicTa, a i 3 cbogí' Kpai'hh Ha ayacHHy Ta TaM i 3aKÍHHHB CBOG hchtth", i jiHHie hk ayTicy nepenacTbca npo ňoro ,,jiiOTy cMepTb", hkoi, MOBjíHB, i Tpeôa ôyjio cnoniBaTHca naa „rpiin-HHKa". IIo cMepTi „OKaaHHoro" „npHÖHHB Baany ôaaaceHHoro (Eo-pnca, HKoro HecTip noMHJiKOBO BBaacac 3a 3aKOHHoro cnanKOGMna BojionHMHpa) 6paT öoro hmchhhm Hpocaaß". — He Bee, ru;o Hecrip yßaacac 3a noTpiÔHe CKa3aTH npo noaiTHam HacainKH TpariaHHX no-n.ifi. 3aTe bíh npnac no jkhtth Tpeiio aacTHHy, mo i'l npncBHHyG Tpa-nimiHHHM y acnriax onoßinaHHaM npo „ayneca" cbhthx, npo ícto-piio nepeHeceHHH ix moihíb, npo öynoBH npncBaaeHHx im nepKOB to-mo. BcTynHa aacTHHa ooinMac b HaöcTapiinoMy pyiconnci noHan. niicTb cTopiHOK, onoBinaHHH npo CMepTb cbhthx kojio bocbmh, a n,a ocTaHHa aacnraa — aac 13: TyT 3HaxonHMo 10 OKpeMHX onoBinanb, a 6yao, Moßaaß, me ôaraTO íhhihx aynec. HanpHKÍHn;i npnaHO Mip-KyßaHHa npo 3HaneHHH noKopn, a naai noxBaaa cbhthm. Abtop 3ra-nyc i npo ceße, „HecTopa rpinmoro", an 36npaaa MaTepiaay Ta aBTopa acHTia. 3. CTHaicTHHHo ,,^Chtíg" naaeico npocTime, mac „CKa3aHH6". BiflMOBHBca Hecrip i bí# 3BopymaHBHx „naamB"-roaocÍHb, i Bin, rapHoi phtmíkh, i Bifl oaraTbox nopißHHHb. Aae TBip öoro He hcbmí-aHH. Bíh 3 BeaHKHM xhctom po3BHBac amiio CBoro onoBi^aHHa, Bna-ao nofliaHBmn Ta 3rpynyBaBmn MaTepiaa. Jlnme TOMy, mo aBTop CTaBHTb co6i inrne saB^aHHa, bíh HaaaG cBOGMy BiiKaa^oBÍ 3obcím ÍHmoro xapaKTepy: bíh BHnycKac Bee noaÍTHHHe, 3aMÍHac MoaHTBa-mh ,,naaai" a6o aiprnmi MOHoaorn; ííoro repoi — cbhtí i Becb aac 92 ctohtb nepen, jinijeM Bora. HafixapaKTepHCTHHHiniOK) pucoio g Te, mo bíh 3aTHpae Bee KoHKpeTHe. iMeHa b6hbu,íb, mo ix nepeaineHO b „CKa3aHHi", TyT He 3raAyiOTbca, ue npocTo — ,,HecxpHMaHi jvryad"; He Ha3HBaG BÍH í ÍMeH ÍHHIHX CHHiB BoJIOflHMHpa, HaBÍTB HpocjiaB 3'hbjihgtbch jiHHie necb HanpHKÍHn.i b noóinHOMy peneHHÍ; Hecxip He 3raflyc aHÍ „bojiocth" Bopnca, aHÍ nenemriB, npora hkhx öoro no-cjiaB BojioHHMHp; bíh Ha3HBac Ix npocTo „bíhcbkobí" („paTHbie") a6o „noraHÍ". HaBÍTB MÍCTa, Buinropofl Ta Khib, 3raflyiOTbCH JiHiue no oflHOMy pa3y, a noTÍM ■— ne Bace 6e3ÍMeHHÍ ,,BHine3raAaHÍ MÍCTa", a6o „cjiaBHÍ MÍCTa" („HaponHTbifi rpafl^"). Ha3B íhuihx míct He 3ra-AycTbca. y HecTopa 3ycTpinacMo JiÍTepaTypHÍ 3aco6H, 3ano3HneHÍ 3 nponoBineö, Hanp., 3BepHeHHH 30 nHxaniB. MncJieHm mojihtbh öoro TBopy — jiÍTepaTypHo BHKiHHem, onoBÍflaHHa npo nyfleca — Aoöpe CHHTe30BaHÍ 3 pÍ3HOMaHÍTHoro MaTepiflJiy. G rapHÍ nopiBHHHHa: „npopOK JlaBHJJ BHHinOB npOTH HyJKHHI^iB Ta noryÖHB IX . . . CBHTHH ,H,aBHA (Tjii6) BHHHiOB npoTH Bopora-AHaBOJia i noryÔHB fioro" i t. n. JlioÖHTB HecTÍp npoTHCTäBjieHHH, aHTHTe3H: , ,BjiaHceHHHH (BopHc) inioB no cBoro 6paTa, He AyMaionn hí npo mo 3Jie b cepuj cboím, ajie OKaaHHHH ne jiňme 3aMHuijiaB Ha Hboro 3Jie, ajie Bace i nocjiaB 3jie, mo6 noryÖHTH noro. EjiaaceHHHii paAyßaBca Ha CBoeiny mjiaxy, mo CTapuiHH 6paT HacTynHTb SaTbKÍB TpoH, a OKaaHHHÍí cMyraBca, no-nyBuiH, mo 6paT ifle 30 Hboro". Heciip Hepin,Ko 3rafly6 cbhthx, hkhx fioMy HaranyiOTb Eopnc, TjiiS Ta BojioflHMHp; Ta k mh flOBiayeMoca npo ikoro naíepejia: BojioflHMHpa bíh nopÍBHioe 3 GßCTacpieM njiaKÍ-flOK) Ta Kocthhthhom BejiHKHM j BopHca Ta Tjiiöa — 3 POMaHOM Ta TíaBHflOM, a6o 3 IocHCpoM Ta BeHiaMHHOM j CBHTonojiKa — 3 Ka-íHOM. 3raflaH0 me K>Ay, 3axapia, JJ^MHTpa CojiyHCbKoro, ajie hh He HaHHHCJieHHÍniHMH g BÍflryKH jkhtíh B'anecjiaBa HecbKoro. BÍ3aHTÍa ne Majia jkhtíh cbhthx khh3Íb (Moace jinuie cb. Gbaokhm). Ajie jkh-tíh B'anecjiaBa — 30KpeMa bcjikkhh, i b JiaTHHCbKOMy opHťÍHajii i b cjioß'aHCbKOMy nepeKJiani cthjiícthhho HaA3BHHaÖH0 BHTOHHeHHÖ TBÍp TyMnojibAa — MorjiH no^aTH aochtb 3pa3KÍB Tóro, ak Tpeôa oc- BÍTJIIOBaTH JKHTTH khh3íb. I HeCTÍp, 30BCÍM HÍHOro He n03HHHBUIH 3 icTopii caMoi' CMepTH „MyneHm^TBa" B'anecnaBa, 3anepnHyB 3bíath KÍJIBKa OKpeMHX o6pa3ÍB. Tpeöa AyMaTH, an mh Bace roBopnjiH, mo, HaBOflanu npo CBaTHX KHa3ÍB BÍAOMOCTÍ, HKÍ BÍH yBaacaB 3a (paKTH (HHTaHHH KHHr, niica- BÍCTb Ao acHTÍn MyMeHHKÍB, mhjiocthhh, oflpyaceHHa Bopnca JiHiue Ha npoxaHHa 6oap Ta Ha öaacaHHH SaTbKa, HeAOBÍp'a ao nyTOK npo 3Jii 3aAyMH CBaTonoana i t. a-), HecTÍp yBaacaB 3a KpHTepiö CBoro bh-6opy caMe Te, mo bíh 3Haxo3HB noAÍôm onoBÍAaHHa i npo cb. B'a- 93 MecjiaBa, npo CTapnioro, „nonecHoro" cbíitoto Toro caMoro rany („KHH3B — CTpacTOTepneub"), mo i Bopnc xa TjiiÖ. HoMy Hecxip, xaK 6h mobhxh, „cxeMaTH3yBaB" xa ,,3HeocoÔHB" CBOG onoBinaHHH ? ranaio, mo ninnopanKOByiOHHca 3aK0H0Bi jkhxíh-Horo „rariorpacpi^Horo" cthjiio. A ceHc TaKoro ,,3Heoco6jieHHa" b TOMy, mo acnria He Mae 6yra TBopoM MicijeBoro xapaKxepy, boho npH3HaHaGTfcca He jiHine naa Micn,eBHx HHxaniB. }Khtíg 3BepxaGXLca n,o BCfcoro xpHCXHHHCbKoro CBixy, xone 6yxn iBopoM CBixoBoi xpnc-xHHHCbKoi jiiTepaxypH. OnoBiflaHHH npo Bopnca i Tjiióa Majio Moac-jiHBicTb cxaTH xaKHM'. yace 1095 p. n.i cbhxí 6yjiH cepen. xhx, mo Ha ix uiaHy BHCBHHeHo BÍBxapi b Ca3aBCbKOMy MaHacxnpi b Hexi'i, (npo ne 3ranaHo b xpoHiiri ca3aBCbKoro Hernia, mo nonaB npnoBHeHHa no XpOHÍKH K03bMH IIpa3bK0r0, nifl p. 1095). - JJieXXO 3 n,OCJlÍn,HHKÍB 3aKHflaB HecxopoBi MajiHÔ mxepec no híhchocxh, íhihí ninp3piBajiH fioro y BHraayBaHHi pÍ3HHx nonpoÖHHb. JIen.Be hh cnpaBni noöoacHHH nncbMeHHHK, hkhh 3acBÍn,HyG, mp bíh BHKJianaG jinme xe, mo nyB Bin, „XpHCXOJIIOÖH.iB", BflaBaBCH i HO CpajIbHiyBaHHa (paKTÍB. JXo naciB Hecxopa öaraTO 6yjio 3a6yxoro, npo nemo po3noBÍnajra no-pÍ3HOMy. HoMy Hecxip BHÖpaB xoö, a He toh BapiaHT, xenep CKa3axH He mo-HceMo. IHpn,o 3aKHp;ÍB y ,,6e36apBHocTÍ" a6o ,,3He6apBjieHHÍ" acHxia, XO, HK MH ÖaHHJIH BHII^e, Ľ*č HaJieJKHXb HO CXHJlicXHHHHX BJiaCXHBOCXeH HíHXÍH, mo 3yMOBJTK>K)XbCH HOrO npH3HaHeHHHM Xa BHMaraiOXbCH Tpan.Hn.i6io. IJiKaBa i ineojioria hchxíh Bopnca Ta Tjiiöa. „TeHneHn,ia" n,boro XBopy BHCJioBjiena me nemine, amac y ,,CKa3aHHi". Bopnc i Tjiíô e THnoM KHa3ÍB-6opmB 3a BHyxpiniHG 3aMHpeHHa „pycbKoi 3eMjii", 3a MHp, mo fioro MoatHa npcarayxH jnmie, aKinp cxocyHKH Miac khh-3HMH cxoaxHMyTb Ha neBHHX MopajibHHX Ta npaBHHX 3acanax. HecTip BHMarac naa nnx B3asMHH 3acan, xpHcraaHCbKoi Mopajii. 3 nboro norjiany híhtíg Bopnca xa Taiôa — ninaBa nojiiTHHHo-ineojiori^Ha naM'axKa. 4. HecxopoBi HaaeacHXb i npyre acnxic — cb. <í>eonpcia ne*iep-CbKoro. Boho KOMno3Hi;ÍHHo noöynoBaHe cjiaöiue, mac hchiíg Bopnca xa Tjiiöa. Mohcjihbo xoMy, mo Hecxip y Hboiviy BHnanKy He Maß HiaKoro nonepeflHHKa i MycHB He JiHine oôpooaaxH, aae i 36npaxH bcí MaiepiajiH. H.e óyjio He TaK BaacKO, 60 <3>eonpcÍH BMep 1073 p., a HecTip HanncaB n;e híhtíg necb kojio 1100 p. MaTepiaji nonaHO nonac-TH ^eHijaMH ne^epcbKoro MaHacTHpa, aKi me ocoöhcto 3HajiH «re-onpcia (HecTip caM npnomoB n,o MaHacrapa nicjia öoro CMepxn), a fljia BHCBixjieHHH HOrO flHXSWHX pOKÍB HeCTÍp níCXaB BÍflOMOCXÍ BÍH. Maxepi «reonocia (3a nepenasaMH onHoro 3 neHiiiB), mo 6yaa nep-HHn;eio b onHOMy 3 KHiBCbKHx MaHacxnpiB. H I lie jkhtíg HecTip noHHHae MojiHTBOio-noflHKOio 3a Te, mo öoMy noBejiocH 6yTH aiHTTcnHCijeM cbhthx, 3ranyiOHH TyT i HanneaHe hhm jkhtíg BopHca Ta Tjiißa, Ta npoxaHaM BHÖaneHHa y nnTaniß 3a cbok) HeocBÍneHÍcTb Ta „rpyöicTt". CaMo jkhtíg po3nanaGTBCH Ha flßi nac-thhh: KopoTHia — onoßiflaHHa npo jkhtth «reoflocia 30 MaHacrapa, flOBina — npo jkhtth b MaHacrapi (b HaHCTapinioMy pyKonnci n,i nac-THHH OÔiOMaiOTB npHÔJIH3HO 7 Ta 33 CTOpÍHKH), nOTÍM ifle KopoTKe onoBÍflaHHH npo nyneca (yctoro Tpn nyna), inp oôiiÍMae Tpn ciopiHKH Ta KOpOTKe 3aKÍHneHHH. BHKJiafl po3flijieHHH Ha oKpeMi po3flijiH-enÍ30flH. B nepniiö nac-thhí (14 enÍ30HÍB) rapHO 3o6paateHHH po3bhtok eoflocia Bifl noro Hhthhhx poKÍB aJK flo BCTyny flo MaHacTHpa. BHKjiafl nofliií 3 njia-CTHHHOK) ncHxojioriHHOK) xapaKTepHCTHKOK) cBHToro Ta roto MaTepi cnojiyneHo 3 nocTÍHHHM niflKpecjieHHHM, hio caM Bor npoBaflHB <í>eo-npcia TaKHMH HiJiHxaMH, hkí npHBejiH ŕíoro flO MaHaCTHpH Ta 3po6n-jiH „nacTHpeM" nepHenoro „flyxoBHoro cTana". 4>eoflocÍH HapoflHBca BÍfl XpHCTHHHCBKHX nOÖOJKHHX ÔaTLKÍB, ÔaTbKO HOTO 6yB, 3flaGTbCH, khhjkhm ypaflOBiiieM, poflHHa noTÍM nepei'xajia flo nHMaaoro MicTa — KypcbKa. TyT 6aTtKo noMep, 3ajiHiuHBuiH eonpcia Ha pyKax MaTepi-BflOBH. B KypcbKy 4>eoflOCÍH ynHBca. lHflHBÍn,yajibHÍ pncH Bflani cbh-Toro — JI1060B flo HayKH Ta H,epKBH, nočoamicTb, aKa BnaBHJiaca Ha-bítb y BTeni 3 6aTtKÍBCLKoro flOMy, 11106 BiflBiflaTH Cßaiy 3eMjiio. B TOMy, mp lOHaKa noBepHyjiH floflOMy, HecTip TaKoaí 6anHTb pyKy Bo-acy, 60 TOMy «reoapciii 3Mir nÍ3HÍme npHH-ra flo KncBa; flajii Hecrip onoBiflac npo cnpoÖH «S>eoflocia „HacaiflyBara XpncTa" b noKopi Ta npHHHJKeHHi: eoflocÍH oôpaB, 11x06 6yTH „cniBnpanÍBHHKOM Hafl naoTiio XpHCTOBoio") napeniTi HaßiTt hochtb „Beprarn", jiamnorH Ha tíjií. Bce n,e BHKjíHKajio nocTiímy öopoTböy «reoflocia 3 öoro eHepriHHOio Ma-Tip'io. K)Hani>KÍ poKH <3>eoflocÍH 3aKÍHHyiOTbca BTeneio flo KncBa, fle ôoro, nicjia HeBflan no íhhihx MaHacTHpax, npHHMac flo ce6e Ahtohíh neHepcbKHÍí. MaTepi Bflajioca 3HafiTH cHHa, ajie He Bflaaoca noBep-HyTH noro flOflOMy, i BOHa nifl íkoro biijihbom caMa BCTynac flo oflHoro 3 Khíbcbkhx aÚHOHHx MaHacTHpiB. TyT nonHHacTbca flpyra nacTHHa aíHTTH «reoflocia Ta flpyrno po3fliji TBopy HecTopa. Iíefi niHpniHH po3-flia HOMy He Bflajioca TaK flOÖpe CKOMnoHyßaTH, hk nepniHÖ. MacMo TyT BejíHKy kíjibkíctb (noHafl 40) oKpeMHx enÍ30flÍB, mp öflyTb oflHH 3a oflHHM 6e3 neBHoro npHHimny BnopaflKOBaHHa. Iii po3flijra noBHi icTopHHHoro Ta noôyToBoro MaTepiaay, HaKpecjiioiOTb npcHTb acKpa-bhh oôpa3 CBHToro, ajie He flaioTb TaKoí cyii;iaiiHoi KapTHHH, hk nep-nia nacTHHa. Bei eni30fln po3naflaiOTbca Ha Tpn rpynn — (1) xapaK-TepncTHKa «reoflocia, aK acKeTa, CBHm;eHHKa Ta iryMena MaHacTHpa; 95 (2) noro CTaBjieHHH np »CBiiy"; (3) oKpeivri npoaBH mhjiocth Bojkoí np MaHacTHpa — nyneca Ta nynecHi 3'aBHina. Hecxip np6pe 3Í6paB MaTepiíiji, mo xapaKTepH3yG híhtth <í>eonpcia b MaHacxnpi Ta, tojiob-He, Horo acKeTHHHy ineojioriio: ^eonociň — He npencxaBHHK Kpaô-Hboit acKe3H, Bxeni Bin, „cßixy" 30 „nycxejii" (crnnexcbKe ^epnei^TBo), bíh CToiTb ÔJiHJKHe np tígi MaHacTHpcbKoľ xpanHnii (najiecTHHCbKo'i), aKa cnojiynaG nopiBHaHO noMipKOBaHy acKe3y 3 nponyKXHBHOio npa-neio Ta 3 nÍHJií>HÍcTK> Ha Kopncxb „CBixy". Mh He nyGMO npo „BÔHBan-Ha njioTi", jiHuie onoBiaaHHH npo Te, hk <3>eonpcÍH oahh pa3 BÍn,naB cbog Tijio npn npaiíi Ta MOJíHTBax Ha noTajiy 3jihm nenepcBKHM KOMa-paM, Haraayc onoBinaHHa npo cranexcbKHx neHniB (Manapia); b ne-nepy bíh BÍn,na.jiK)GTbCH jiHuie Ha kopotkhh nac mppoKy. HaBixb Ma-HacTHp y n,ijioMy bíh bhhíc Ha noBepxHio 3eMjii. 3axe nycivro öaraxo npo (pÍ3HHHy npaino «reonpcia: pyöaHHa apoB, npaniHHa bobhh, ho-nieuHa Bonn, npnoMora npn onpaßi KHnacoK; me OÍJibine nyGMO npo npan,io BCboro MaHacxnpa. BaraTo onoßinac Hecxip i npo ayxoBHÍ BnpaBH <í>eonpcia, rojioBHe npo MOjraxBy Ta 6opoTb6y 3 neMOHOM. 4>e-npeiö Majio cnHTb, HocHTb npocTe BÖpaHHa, qo He pa3 npHBonnjio no KyMeaHHx Henopo3yMÍHb. HaöxapaKTepHCTHHHinia pnca «reonpcia — iíoro m'aKicTb y CTaBjíeHHi 30 neHniB Ta np CBÍTy. Bíh He poÖHTb bhh-hhm neHnaM 3aKnnÍB, nenaiOHH Ha ix Bjiacne KaaTTa. Bíh jinnie „naa-^e" 3a thmh, xTo KHnac MaHacTnp Ta panp npHHMae ix Ha3an,, HaBÍTb i KÍjibKa pa3ÍB. HaBÍTb 3jioniÍB, mp npoöyßaan norpaöyßaxH MaHa-CTnp, bíh BinnycKae Ha bojiio. MaHacTHp He 3a^HHaGXbca Bin, cBixy: KOJio MaHäCTHpa ôyayGTbca naa ,,ace6paKÍB, cjiinnx, kphbhx, XBopnx" ÖyaHHOK. HecTÍp He MajiiOG KapraHH MaHacTnpcbKoro 6araTCTBa — Ha.Bna.KH, «reonpciö He pa3 onHHaGTbca b CKpyraoMy cTaHÍ, He MawiH Ha ÖJiHacHHH neHb xjiiöa naa HeHUÍB, ojiľi njia JiaMnan, a6o BHHa naa aÍTyprii. He 3BaacaiOHH Ha ne, 3>eonpcin HaBÍTb po3n,aG ocTaHHG. Aae Ha npnoMory npnxonHTb 3aBainH b HaHCKpyTHÍniHH MOMeHT mhjiocth-Ha Korocb 3 npnaTejiÍB Ta npHXHjibHHKÍB MaHacTHpa. H,io Hecnonißa-Hy Ta HeBHnpoxaHy npnoMory Hecxip MaaiOG hk „nyneca", aae bcí bohh g, BjiacHe, ijíjikom npHpoflHi npoaBH tígi noniaHH, aKy 3np6yB co6i nenepcbKHÍi MaHacxnp y „cbítí". Jlnine oniie onoBinaHHa bhxo-HHXb no3a paMKH npuponHHx nonin — „cbítjihh K)HäK" npHHOCHTb e MOMeHT HanöiabHioi cKpyxH <ŕeonpcÍ6Bi Tpn 30jiotí rpHBHH. eonp-cifi ôopeTbca 3 thmh 3 6paxÍB, xto HaÖyBac co6i aKycb 3aÖBy Baac-HÍCTb, BÔpaHHa a6o cxpaBH, He np3B0JiaG HarpoMaaacyBaxn 3anacÍB; 3aÔBe bíh HaKa3yG cnajiHXH aôo KHHyTH b JJJHÍnpo. i TyT bíh He Kapae bhhhhx, a Jimne BeanTb 3Hnm;yBaTH MaTepiaabHÍ 6aara, aK „Bpa-acHH yaiji". Mh öannMo ^eoRocia cyBopHM Ta TBepnHM anme b cnpa-Bax nojiiTHHHoro xapaKTepy. MaHacrap HaöyB HHMajioro BnjiHBy Ha Bnn;i KOJia KHÍBCbKoro cycnijibCTBa, b tom y hhcjií i Ha kh33h l3'aejia- 96 Ba. 4>eoflociH BHCTynae nepen hhm hk oSoponenb noKpnBnJKeHHx: „BaraTtox 3acrynaB nepen cynn^Mn Ta khhshmh". Kojih CßHTocjiaB Ta BceBOJion BnrHajiH cTapmoro 6paTa l3'acjiaBa 3 KncBa, <řeonocin BinMOBjíHGTfcCfl BinBinaTn nepeMoacnis: ,,He niny Ha öeciny Bejib3eBy- JIOBy i He BÍ3E>My ynaCTH B rOCTHHi, nOBHÍH KpOBH i BÖHBCTBa". J\o CßHTOcjiaBa bíh nnme „enicTOjiii", b op,mň 3 hkhx bíh nopiB-hk)6 floro 3 KaiHOM. B ManacTHpi no-CTapoMy noMHHaiOTb BHraaHoro KHH3H. HyTKH, m,o <řeoaocia xonyTb ycyHyTH 3 MaHacTHpa, npnBonaTb JIHHie n° hobhx HOrO BHCTynÍB npOTH CBHTOCJiaBa. <řeOAOCÍH HaBÍTb neKae Haronn nocTpaacpaTH 3a npaBny („acanaine BejibMH, eate noTO-neHy 6bith"). Ajie HaBÍTb khh3í, no hkhx «reonpciö nocTaBHBCH TaK cyBopo, yrpHMyioTbCH Bin, cepáo3HHX Hananiß Ha Manacrap. „Cbít" Mae ^HMajio CBinouTB npo cbhtíctb <í>eonocia Ta MaHacrapa, — Hec-Tip po3noBÍp;aG npo KijibKa nynec, — pÍ3HÍ jikd^h SanaTb Hap; MaHacTH-peM cbítjio, chöbo; po3noBinaG TaKoac npo chh inaHyBajibHHKÍB <í>eo-nocia. HecTip 3i6paB y cBOGMy acnrii BejinKHn MaTepiaji.i, xon bíh He SäBJKpH 3yMÍB no6pe 3rpynyBaTH noro, ajie ochobhí nyMKn jkhtíh Bce aí HCKpaBo BHcxynaiOTb nepen HHTaneM: MOJionicxb <í>eonocia g ninroTOBa %p MaHacrapcbKoro jkhtth ; noKa3aHo noniômcTb floro äht-th no BCTyny b MaHacTnp Ta b MaHacrapi. JlarinHÍCTb, cyivrapmcTb i noKopa, He BHKjnonaiOTb TBepnocra cynpoTH cBľiy (MaTepi, khh3íb) , m.o noro <3>eonocin i nepeMarac; nonaHo ochobhí nyMKH <í>eonocia npo nepnene híhtth (HecTip HaBonHTb i HeBejiHKi ypHBKH 3 noBnaHb 4>eo-nociH *khijhm). ZJ;í pncH TBopy cnpn^HHHjincH no Toro, mo JKHTiH eoaocia nocHTb cKJianHe. MoBa noro npocTa, njiHHHa, peneHHa kopotkí, JiřrepaTypHHx npnKpac ueöaraTo, Ajie íkhtíg bhhbjihg hhcjichhí jíiTepaTypHi BnjiHBH. HecTip caM HHTyc nopyn hhcjichhhx tckctíb cb. IlHCbMa, hchtíg Ahtohíh Ta IlaTe-Phkh; BnjiHHyjio Ha Hboro i 30KpeMa jkhtíg CaBn „OcBameHHoro" (IlajiecTHHCbKoro), a nonacTH cb. B'aHecjiaBa HecbKoro. 3 nepmoro bíh nepeOMac hhcjichhí 3bopoth Ta (popMyjin, 3ne6ijibinoro 6e3 koh-KpeTHoro 3MÍcTy; 3naGTbca, jinine b MipKyBaHHi npo 3HaneHHa ímchh CBHToro, npo floro öafinyaücTb no nHTHHHX 3a6aB Ta b onoBinaHHi npo floro npnxin no Ahtohíh MacMO nepeHeceHHH (paKTHHHoro MaTepiHJiy 3 íhihhx acHTifl. EnÍ3on Í3 neneHHHM npocKyp Haranyc on-He BaacjiHBe aricne 3 jkhtth B'anecjiaBa; ajie jiense Hecrip npocTo no3HnHB n,e 3 hchtíh B'aHecnaBa, — jkhtíg B'anecjiaBa Morjio Jinnie cnpHHHHHTHCH no Toro, mo HecTip 3BepHyB yBary Ha nro pncy b jkht-tí <í>eonocia, no hkoí HeiMac, 3naGTbCH, napajiejib y rpei^bKHx jkhtíhx. 3ycTpinaGMo n^HKi noniÔHOCTÍ íkhtíh <í>eonocia no rpenbKHX acHTiii, 97 ajie Tpeöa flyinaTH, mo TyT „noBTopioBaaoca jkhtth, a He híhtíg". Ha-HHTaHicTb y jkhtíhhíh JiiTepaTypi naaa HecTopoBi HHMajio rapHHX (popiwyji njiH öoro onoBinaHHH, — Hanp., TaKy i^eHTpajitny xapaKTe-pHCTHKy eonocia, hk ,,3eMHHÍi aHroji Ta neöecna jiionHHa". 3ycTpi-HeMo neBHi Bi^ryKH bíhcbkoboi noBicra: acKera — „chjibhí öararapi" („xpaöpn chjilhh"), xpecT g ,,36poa", „inoaoM cnacnma" toiu,o (Kiab-Ka cjiOBecHHx cxoaiocTen g Í3 „Cjiobom o nojiKy Iropeßi"). Hecrip yacHBac h íhhihx nopiBHant — bíh uinpoKo po3BHBac nopiBHHHHa «reonocia 3 „nacTHpeM nyxoBHoro CTana"; chh öoapHHa, nio ßinxc-flHTB flo MaHacTHpa, — BHpBaBca 3 floMy CBoro, hk nTHu;a a6o capHa 3 TeHeT; b BaJKJiHBHx Micn,ax — Bpa3aHBÍ npoTHCTaBaeHHH, Hanp.: «reoflocia HiaHyBajiH He 3a nonecHy ohíhí, CBÍTJie BÖpaHHa a6o Bean-KHH MacroK, ajie 3a nncTe aíHTTa, CBixay flyuiy Ta nieapi noBnaHHa, a6o — „hkiiío <í>eonocÍH t i ji o m i po3ayHHBca 3 HaMH, aae n y x o m bíh 3aBaKeHHa aK „rtoxBaan", TaK i 11 OKpeMHX CKaanoBHx nacTHH nocainHHKaM no-KHUio He BAajioca. 3aTe g nincTaBH ranara, m,o icHyBaan nßa naabuii JKhtíh. Ľ[e, nonepme, KopoTKe acHTÍG cb. MyneHHKiß, 6aTbKa h CHHa — BaparíB, 3aÖHTHx( 3a aiTonneoM, khIbcbkok» noraHCbKOK) iop6oio hí6h 3a Te, 1110 bohh cnpoTHBHaHCb, H106 CHHa npHHeceno b acepTBy noraHCbKHM 6oraM; ím'h SaTbKa, MaöyTb, Bapa3bKe — Typn a6o Typ. Aae 6y-ao n,e acHTÍG, peniTKH aKoro 36eperanca b aiTonnci, nncaHe no-cao-ß'aHCbKH — HeßinoMO, MoacaHBo, uio BOHO 6yao rpeiĺbKe. — JKhtíg Ahtohíh rienepcbKoro TaKoac He niäuiao no Hac, aae ôoro 3ranye KHGBo-ľlenepcbKHH riaTepHK. B0H0 nonaBaao, hk 3na6Tbca, 6araTo ßinoMOCTefi He jiHine npo Ahtohíh caMoro, a ň npo íhhihx neHnÍB, 98 öoro cynacHHKiB. ,T(exTo BBancac, mo boho nimjio b 3a6yTTH TOMy, mo Mtajio 3aHaflTo „rpeKocpijibCbKHH" xapaKTep. JXa. BaHCJiHBa naM'HTKa BTpaneHa, i niSiiijra 30 Hac JiHine fleHKi (paKTH^m BinpMocri 3 Heí, 3ÓeperjiHCH b „IlaTepHKy". KijibKa nyjKe kopotkhx cTapnx jkhtííi (Bopnca ra Tjiioa, Ojibra, BojioflHMHpa) yBiňniJiH 30 CKJiany „IIpojioriB". Hi míhíhtk>phí tboph jiiTepaiypHo He MaiOTL BejiHKOi Barn. F. „l36opHHK" 1076 pony 1. CBoepiflHoio naM'htkok) g Ta k 3BaHHH „I36ophhk" 3 1076 poKy. Ile 3ÖipKa HHCJieHHHX HeBejIHKHX TBOpÍB. MaGMO TyT TpH ,,nOBHaHHH" 6aTtKÍB híthm („Cjiobo onHoro ÖaTBKa HO cBoro CHHa" Ta nOBHaHHH híthm KceHOípoHTa Ta „cbhtoí ^eoflopn"); t. 3b. „ATaHaciGBi Bin.no- BÍn,Í", mO nOHCHKHOTb BaJKKÍ MÍCUH CB. IlHCBMa, BHOpaHÍ ypHBKH 3 „HeKaHOHÍHHHx" KHHr CB. ÜHCbMa („KHHra TIpeMynpocTH", Cnpax); onoBiflaHHH npo „MnjiocTHBoro Co30MeHa" Ta MOHce HaHTHnoBimi n,jiH „l36opHHKa" — pÍ3HÍ ceHTeHnií, peneHHH, npHCJiiß'H, 3rpynoBaHÍ 3a TCMäMH. yBeCL TBÍp npH3HaHeHHH, 6e3yMOBHO, flJIH JIIOfleH cbítcbkhx; TeMa, mo iö npHflijieHo Haiiôijibine mícuh, g MHjiocepnH np 6in,HHx. BaraTo nopan, MaiOTb xapaKTep „cbítcbkhh", Hanp., npo CTaBjíeHHH flO „CHJIbHHX UbOrO CBÍTy" („He CBapHCH CTb ^JIOBkKTíMb CHJIbHbIMb") TOmO. JXeaKl 3 TBOpÍB, mo BBÍHHIJIH flO ,,l36opHHKa", MaJIH ä ni3HÍme (flO 18 CT.) HJHpOKe p03nOBCK),ipKeHHH. ,,l36opHHK" CKJiaaeHO 3a neBHHM njIHHOM: nOHHHaGTbCH bíh „CjIOBOM" npo HHTaHHH KHHr: ,,np6pe G, ÖpaTTH, HHTaHHH KHHJKHe", nOTÍM ÍJJiyTb nOBHaHHH ÓaTbKÍB h,ÍTHM Ta 30ÍpKH CeHTeHUÍH, b TOMy hhcjií „IIopanH hjih 3aMOJKHHx" Ta „CTOcjiOBenb"; najii nomaHo bh6-paHi mícuh 3 nponoBineii, a Ha kíhh,í onoBiflaHHH npo Co30MeHa, — npo Te, hk Bor Bijíraac „cTopnijeio" mhjiocthhio, naHy 6Í3HHM. 2. B npoTHjiejKHÍCTb 30 36ipKH 1073 p., npo SKy bí^omo, mo 11 nepenncaHo 3 ôojirapcbKoro opHťmajiy, Ta HKa cKJia^aGTbCH bhkjiioh-ho 3 nepeKJiapeHHX cTaTTefi, — noxon,HceHHH 36ipKH 1076 p. nonacra He 3'HCOBaHe. Ajie HeMac cyMHÍBy, mo nacTHHa MaTepinjiy cjiob'hh-cbKoro, a neBHa nacTHHa S KHiBCbKoro noxoflJKeHHH, cyn,h*iH 3 TaKHX cpopM cjiíb: b e p e n,, HopoB, a6o 3 cjiíb, mo xapaKTepncTHHHi bh- kjiiohho AJIH CXiflHbOCJIOB'HHCbKHX mob, HK „Jiapb" (nOSH^eHe 3 CKaHfliHaBCbKoro)*. JXo cjioB'HHCbKoľ JiÍTepaTypn HajiejKHTb „Cjiobo * ) BaíKJIHBOK) 03HaKOK3 CXiflHbOCJIOB'HHCbKHX, 30KpeMa yKpaiHCbKHX TÔKCTÍB c 3aKiH^eHHH opyflHoro Bi^MÍHKa oahbhh ioji. Ta cep. pofly -f>Mb a6o -í>mb 3aMÍCTb IjepKOBHOCJlOB. Ta niB^eHHOCJIOB. -OMb, -eMb. CxiflHbOCJlOB'HHCbKi (pOpMH B ,,l36opHHKy" 1076 p. HaöiacTiuii. 99 npo HHTamiH KHHr" (60 3raaaHo xyT „KHpHJia-cpiaoco(pa'\ ceĎTO CJIOB'flHCLKOrO MÍCÍOHepa), KHIBCbKOro nOXOHHteHHH MOHtyTb 6yra ,,Cjiobo onHoro 6aTbKa 30 CBoro CHHa" xa „ITopaRH naa 3aMoaíHHx". HaBÍTt i „CTOcjioBenb", mo npHnncaHHH naTpiapxoBi ijaproponcbKO-My reHHafliGBi, HKoro, ohnané, HeMae čepen, žoro TBopiB, MaSyxb, míc-n.eBoro noxonaceHHH, xaK cano, hk i HeBejiHKHH TBip — „Jiná Mae 6yxH aionima", mp noro npnnHcaHo „cb. BacHJiieBi". Ajie HaBixb, hk-mo BBajKaxH ni TBopn 3a nepeKaanem, bohh BÍnpÍ3HHioxbCH neBHHMH pncaMH, iup 3MyinyiOTL Hac po3raan,axH ix cepea TBopiB opHrmajib-hoi KHiBCbKoi jiixepaTypH. 3. BijibinicTb Maxepiíuiy, mo bbíhiuob no 36ipKH, cxHJiÍ30BaHa hk ceHTeHuťi, npHcaÍB'a, — kopotkí peneHHa 36ynpBaHÍ 3BHaaHHo hk npoTHCTaBjíeHHH a6o napaaeai hbox pÍ3HHx nyMOK, MOBa ix noMixHO pHTMÍ30BaHa, a OKpeMi nacxHHH peneHb nacTo 3B*H3aHÍ phmoio. MacTo noBTopioiOTbCH OKpeMi cjioBa, a b OKpeMHx BHnaRKax MaeMo xi aai-Tepaiíii, mo ix mh 6aHHjiH, Hanp., y cxapoMy jiixonHci. Ocb npHKJiaflH pHMOBaHHx ceHTeHniá 3 aaixepaniaMH: nace bt> kpotocth noacnuia h-b h b flo6pocaoBT>h ycTa cboh yHHHHina . .. h-b-y-y kbihmtj nyTbMb HRonia k-h h Koeio CTbe3K) TeKouia . . . h-k cxapfeHniaaro neHbMH nonbCTHTH He ainnca, c-n h noKOHTH cxapocTb ero noTbmHCH. n-c-n Ha cxb3K) noHBHra ctCTynaemH, c-c nymio aíe ort pacjiaSaeHHa cBoSoacnaeiHK... c Hace caa6o aínseTb, c TO.Toro He npHBonH Ha cbB&Tb t-t-h-h-c npT.R-b cTapbH,h m-banaHHe, n-M npŤ»aT> MyapbiMH nocayinaHHe .. . n-m-n H He HaBHn/íiHUe HaOBT.KOMTj TBOpHTH, h-h-h-x wb rbKMO ottj 6ora XBaabi h MHaocxn npocHTH . . . h-x-h npn mojihxbí: He cMT>HiaH caoBecb cbohxt. ct> npocrbíMH caoBecbi, c-c-c-c-c bt>abi, aKO 6ory cbSlicenbHHKt eca. e a6o 3 HeTOMHoio phmoio: Erna ace BTD3bpHHiH Homtro Ha He6o h Ha 3bt>3nbHyio [KpaCOTy, b-h-h-h-h MoaHCH Baanbiirk 6ory, npdpyyMy xbixpbH,y. b-n, 100 3ayTpa ace ocB^niTaeMt npnnanH ktj TBoptino cBoeiay, n-t-c HaBtniyyMy th cb neHb Ha npnaoaceHHe acHBOTy. r-t-c-r-h A6o 6e3 aaiTepanii: flHect 60 pacTeMi), a yTpo rHHeMt... naacnt MOKHyniTiOMy cyxoTy, 3HMHony TenaoTy. XpaHHCH OT nHTHH, OCKBtpHaeTB 60 MOJIHTBbI TBOa. OicpeMi peaeHHH noMÍTHo pHTMÍ30BaHi 3a apnoMoroio napaaejib-Hoi noöynoBH ix *iacTHH, Hanp., (hhb. aeaKi npHKaanH yropi): aaabHaaro HaKtpMH... acaabHaaro HanoH, CTpaHbHa bt>BenH, ÖoabHa npHCT»TH, k'b TbMbHÍU,H ROHflH, BHHCflb ÖTifly HXT> H BT>37rbXHH. iHonj noBTopioioTbCH oKpeMi caoBa, Teac pHTMÍ3yio*ra MOBy: He nocTae Kopaoejib 6e3 ubídúb, a npaBenHHK 6e3 HHraHHa khhhcok; hk ayx nojioHeHoro g y 6aTbKÍB fioro, TaK (nyx) npaBeRHHKa y HHTaHHi khhhcok; Kpaca BoaKa — 3Ôpoa, a Kopaôaa — BiTpnaa, TaK (Kpaca) npaBenHHKa — HHTaHHa khhhcok. HacTO aaiTepaijia 3b'a3aHa 3 no^aTKaMH peneHb (TaK 3BaHa „aHa-cpopa"), Hanp.: GEHHa g nynia, GRHHHH HaC aCHTTH, GflHHa CMepTb ... a6o: aariflHe CTynaHHH, aariflHe cnniHHa, aariflHHH 3ip, aarÍRHe caoBo... 3ycTpinaGMO napajieaÍ3M i 6e3 aaÍTepan;ÍH *m phm: BCTaHb, HKO MHTap, npHÖiacH, ako noBia, 101 po3MyjiLCíi, HKo AxaB, njian, HKo IleTpo, 30bh, b.ko XaHaHeHHHKa . .. i t. 3. a6o: Tyacn npo rpixn, B3flHxafl npo cnoKycH, nenajibca npo nafliHHH ... 4. TapHi i o6pa3H b ceHTeHH,iax „l36opHHKa". BaraTO rapnnx no-piBHHHb: „BinBepTaiícíi Bifl jiacKaBHx yjiecjiHBHx cjiíb, hk Bifl KpyKÍB, qO BHKOJIIOIOTb TOČÍ OHÍ flyXOBHÍ" j „HkIUO MeiHKaHH,í, UJO MCHByTb BHine (no prqnj) He HanoBHioiOTb cboíx nocyfl, a6o He HanyBaiOTB CBOGi xyfloön Ta mobjiíitb: 3ajiHiuÍM fljia flojiinimx MeniKaHD;ÍB, a card 6epÍM Majio, — to n,e He t&k: xaň nepnaiOTb flocxo^y, a npo np-jiíihhíx He nÍKJiyiOTbCH 60 i noB3 hhx Tene Ta caMa pinna. Tan caMo i 3 MaeTKOM: He niKJiyoca npo Hain,an,KÍB ■ • •"; a6o: ,,3aKpHBac Teivi-Ha XMapa coHaniny Kpacy Ta cbítjio, ryÖHTb mojihtbh Kpacy flyMKa rmBHa"; ,,He neKafi y HaMyjii rpixoBHOMy, noKH narjio 3arpys-Hem....." n,ÍKaBÍ aHTHTe3H; „Eyflb npHHHaceHHÖ rojioBoio, bhcokhh flyxoM"; „HoraMH cTynaS thxo, a flyxoM 6íhíh xyrKo 30 BopiT Heöec-hhx"; „paflicTb nboro CBÍTy njianeM KÍHHacTbca, hk Moama 6a*raTH b cbítí nbOMy Ha hbox cyciflax: y uhx BinnpaBjiaiOTb Becijuia, y thx 3a MepijeM naanyTb"; ,,bojik> Horo (Bora) TBopn b flpiÖHOMy, to Bíh teck) (TBOpHTHMe) BÍ^IHO". BaraTo HCKpaBHx KapTHH: „Hkuio th Becejio CTynacui no cxo- nax, Bifl KHH3H HflyHH, 3pOÔH, UTOČ í b TBOGMy flOMÍ He XOflHJIH CyMHO, a TaK caMo paflicHo"; „HacnnyioHHCH cjio^khm hhtbom, 3rana,H Tóro, xTo n'e Tenjiy Bofly, cohupm HarpiTy"; „skiuo jieacnin y npöpe no-KpHTOMy noKoi, cjryxaGin yniHMa flom, pacHHH, noflyMafi npo 6ina,kíb, aK hhhí aeacaTb Ta aoihobí KpanjiHHH, hí6h CTpian, ix yflapaiOTb"; „HKiiTO CHflHin 3HM0K) b TenjiOMy noKoi. . . 3iaxHH, noflyMaBiUH npo ÔiflaKÍB, in,o cxHjiem Hafl mejihm BorHHKOM — BejiHKy 6ifly ix om Ma-H)Tb Bifl flHMy, pyKH TijibKH 3orpÍBaK)Tb, a njieni i Bce tíjio Bifl Mopo-3y noMep3Jio". TapHnö onnc paScbKoro KpacBHfly b onoBiaaHHi npo Co30MeHa: „I öa^HB íhuií caflHÔH, nip nopocjiH Bifl ropn flo HH3y nao-flaMH apoMaTHHMH Ta rapHHMH, i rijiKH 'ix nocxHaiosajiHca flo 3eMjii, OflHa ainnia Bifl oflHoi. A nTaxn pi3Hi cHflijiH Bropi Ha hhx, cnißaiOHH niceHb coaoflKHX, HaxnaaiOHHca oahh flo oflHoro Ta He 3aM0BKaio-... I caflH XHTajiHca, ctohhh b Kpaci bcjihkío. TJacepejia tckjih, Ta BecejiKa b Kpaci (cboíh) cToajia ..." (nop. me itht. 3raflKy npo Kpacy 3opaHoro He6a). Ocb hk 3o6paaceHo n'aHHU,io b ypHBKy, hkhh 6e3 niflCTaBH npnnHcaHO npopoKOBi Hoiaeßi — bhho „cMiaHBoro po-ÖHTb 6oary30M, HHCToro po3nycHHKOM, npaBflH He 3Hae, po3yM Bin-HÍMac, i hk Bona BoroHb, TaK 6e3MÍpHe (nnira) Mefly posyM 3ra- 102 Hiye. . . 3naeTbCH üoMy, mo 3eMjia ipycHTbca, a ropn ôiacaTb ko-jiom ... TojioBa He 3aaHinaGTbca npaMO, xnaannca cioan Ta Tyan Ha njie^i. Chobhhh thjkkí Ta 3Jii. .. /JpiMaiOTb, no3ÍxaK>Tb . .. Tyiian ßa^HTb ne pea oiHMä", 5. Xo*i nacTHHa iniTOBaHHx ypHBKÍB i HajieaíHTb ao nepeKJiaae-HHx nacTHH „l3ÖopHHKa", ajie BaHíJiHBe BJKe Te, mo nepeKJiaaa^ CTa-bhbcíi a° cyTo MHCTenbKHx npoôJieM nepeKJiaay 3 yßaroio Ta 3yMÍB nepeaaTH rapHi Micn,a 3 npncTocyBaHHHM TeKCTy ao MHCTenbKnx Moac-jiHBOCTefi cjioB'HHCbKoi MOBH. OTace, (popMajibHo HaBÍTb nepeKaaaem nacTHHH e njiia opHrmajibHoI npan,i. Be3 cyMHÍBy, i nepeKJiaaem. ^lacTHHH „l36opHHKa" nepeaajiH Ha- poaHÍH CJIOBeCHOCTÍ HHMajIO peHeHb-npHCJlÍB'lB. B KOJKHOMy pa3i, TyT 3ycTpinaeM0, nonepnie, Tani npncjiiB'a, hk nanp.: „Mara 3Jioro e jii-Homi"; „oBoneBe aepeBO nÍ3HaGTbca 3 njioay"; ,,He 3ajiHniaíi CTaporo npnaTeaa, hobhh He e fioMy píbhhh"; aôo h nÍ3HÍme KJiacHHHe no-piBHHHHH cBÍTy 3 „kojiom, mo kothtbch" ; a6o ceHTeHiria „He to h 6a-raTHH, xto ôaraTo Mae, a toh, xto öaraxo He noTpeôye. . . He toö öiflHHH, xto He 6araTo Mae, a toh, xto öaraTO (Mara) öaatac" (me b CKOBopoan). JXeiixo 3ycTpňiaGMo i b íhiuhx TBopax CTapo'i jiiTepaTypn (Hanp., y MoHOMaxa, b „MojieHHi" ^taHHijia toiho). BaraTO uiicaBHx OKpeMHX cjiíb Ta BHpa3ÍB. Hepe3 cxoHcicTb cthjik) ,,l36opHHKa" 3 nponoBiaaK» IjiapioHa bh-cjioBjíeHo ayMKy, mo IjiapioH oöpoÖHB i Djefi 3ÖipHHK. Bhchobok He nepeKOHjiHBHH. MoaceMo roBopHTH jinnie npo neBHy ,,niKOJiy" nncb-MeHHHi^bKy a6o HanpaM y Meacax jiiTepaTypn 11 Biny, ao anoro Ha-jiejKaTb i nponoßiab IjiapioHa i 36ipHHK 1076 pony, xom: 3ÖipHHK Mae cnijibHi pněn (jiioöoB ao ancbKi. Hapenm, TpeTa nacTHHa noacmoG nonepenm no-paflH KHa3a Ha npHKJiani iioro BjiacHoro acHTTa. Hk 6anHMo, njiaH y miaoMy noöpe noöynoBaHim. y BCTyni khh3b roBopirrb npo cbíh bík Ta npocHTb niTeö Ta íhhihx HHTaniB („xtocb íhihhh, xto nonyG nro rpa-mothuio") nocTaBHTHca 3 yBaroio no noBnaHHa, a kojih boho He cno-noôaeTbca, to BHoaHHTH aBTopoßi, 3BaacaíOHH Ha iioro cTapnä bík, — mobjihb, „CKa3aB HÍceHÍTHHn.K> Ha naJieKOMy nijiaxy, CHnann Ha caHax". nepnia nacTHHa nonHHaGTbca TeKCTaiHH 3 ncaarapa, BHOpannx 3 thx mícijb, mo HHTaioTBca b nepinnä THacneHb BejíHKoro nocTy. npHKpa 3BÍcTKa npo HOBy ycoÔHino naaa BojionHMHpoBi npHBifl po3-ropHyTH ncaarap*, n© Bnaan fioMy b om caoBa: „HoMy nenajiycni- *) HoMycb sen kí aocjiíahhkh BBaacaioTi ue „bopojkíhhhm 3 ncajiTapn" — (AHB. EKCKypc i, B. a.). MaeMo TyT b flificHOCTi 3obcím He bopojkíhhh, a cnpo6y 3HaŮTH ayxoBe nocHJieuHH b yjuooJieHiu khh3Í. lOJf ca, nynie moh? aoMy HenoKOini MeHe?" (IIcaaTHp 41,12). Tonj. bíh BHÖpaB 3 ncaaTHpa peaeHHa, mo fioMy cnonpoaanca, roaoBHa Ix Te-Ma — 3arn6eaB rpiuiHHX Ta cnaceHHa npaBeaHHX (lie. 36,1, 9-17, 21-27; 55, 11-12; 58, 1-4; 62, 4-5; 63, 33; 32,2). BHnHcaBinn me mo-paabHi nopann lOHanaM 3 „noyaemiH" Bacnaia Beamcoro (Moace 3 „l36opHHKa" 1076 p., aire. BHiD,e), BoaoflHMHp npnae me KiabKa no-pap;. ToaoBHi KaacyTB npo myxoBHy nHCUHnaiHy: „onaHyBaHHa onen, yipHMaHHa a3HKa, CMHpeHHicTb yMa, noHeBoaeHHa Tiaa, 3HHin,eHHa THiBy, HHCTOTa nyMKH, nöaHHH 3a npöpi bmhhkh". ,,5Ik Te6e Horocb no36aBaaK)Tb — He MCTnca, an xe6e HeHaBHnaTb a6o aceHyTb — Tep-nn, aK Te6e raHHTb — npoxaS (ßnöaneHHa) . .."; po oôoB'a3KÍB cy-npoTH öanacHix HaaeacaTb TaKi nopain: ,,3BiabHH noKpHBnaceHoro, cyan (cnpaBenaHBo) cnpoTy, onpaB^an BapBHino". IIoxBaaoK) Toc-noneßi MoHOMax 3aKÍHaye nepiny aacTHHy noBaaHHH, roaoBHe 3a Te, m,o Bor TaK HeöaraTO BHMarae Bin. aiOHHHH. He xpeßa 3obcím ,,ca-MOTHocTH, aepnenTBa, nocTy", hochtb „Tpbox Maanx pin" — ,,KaaT-TH, cai3, MHaocTHHi". noxBaaa 3BepTaeTbca no MyapocTH Boacoi b cTBopeHHi Ta noaaron,aceHHi CBiiy. BoaonHMHp 3aKÍHayc npoxaH- HHM pO HHTaaÍB BHKOHyBaTH KOaH He BCe, TO XOn OH noaOBHHy HHX nyxoBHHx BHMor, a 30KpeMa He 3a6yBaTH MoanTBH i b noxonax no-BTopiOBaTH „roenonn, noMHayö", „nocTÍÉHo, TaeMHo" — na nopana Harajjye nÍ3HÍniy „nocTiifriy MoaHTBy" re3HxacTÍB. „Cbítcbkí nopann" BHTpHMaHi b nyci xpHCTHHHCbKoi ryMaHHOc-TH. noaaBniH 3 npnoMorn 6inHHM, cnpoTaM Ta Bn.OBHn.aM, BoaonHMHp nepexonHTb 30 npaBocyn,n,a B3araai, BHMaraioaH m'hkocth cyny (bíh npoTH cMepTHoi" Kapn), no BipnocTH o6in,HHKaM, bíh pan,HTb naBara: ,,xpecHe niayBaHHa" anme Toni, Koan aionHHa neBHa, in,o 3Moace bh-KOHaTH cBoi o6iD;aHKH. noTpiÖHa noniana po ayxoBeHCTBa Ta po CTap-uihx, niKayBaHHa npo xBopnx, BincyTHicTb ropnpcTH, naM'aTb npo CMepTb i BÍnnoBÍn.Ho po nboro CTaBaeHHa po MaTepiaabHHX híhhoc-•ren: „Y 3eMai He 3axoByÖTe, n,e HaM BeaHKHÍi rpix" — nopana Tpo-xh AHBHa naa thx HecnoKÍHHHX naciB. yace H,iaKOM CBÍTCbKoro xa-paKTepy nopann 6yra oöepeacHHM, niKayBaTHca Bciivia khh3íbcbkhmh Ta AOManiHÍMH cnpaBaMH, 6yTH tocthhhhm, npHBÍTHHM, oöepiraTH Ha-ceaeHHa Bin, CBaBiaaa. iHCÍHKy Tpeöa aioÖHTH, aae He naBaTH IS Han, C060K) BaaflH; rpeöa nocTÜmo npainoBaTH, 30KpeMa BHHTHca (6aTb-Ko BoaoflHMHpa — BceBoaop;, 3HaB n'aTb mob, bíh 6yB onpyaceHHH 3 BÍ3aHTÍHCbKOK) npHHIjeCOIO) . ,,JIÍHHBCTBO G, MOBaaB, MaTH BCboro" (3aoro). nopann cboi BoaonHMHp MOTHByG noaacTH peairiÖHo — „CTpaxoM BoacHM", noaacTH cthhho — bcí aionn onHaKOBi, cMeprai; noaacTH npaKTHaHo — noKpHBflateHi öyayTb irpoKaHHaTH, Heoôepeat-HicTb Ha bíhhí Moace npHBecTH po 3arn6eai; rocTHHHicTb, 3HaHHa mob toiho — naiOTb KHa3eßi npöpy caaBy. . . Cbítcbkí noBaaHHa 3aKÍH- 105 nye BojiOHHMHp nporpaMoio KHH3ÍBCbKoro ana: BCTaBaTH no cxifl cohhh, HaSnepme hth 30 nepKBH, iiotím panHTHCH („nyMaTH") 3 flpy-JKHHOK), cyflHTH jnoaefi, íxaTH Ha jiobh, b nojrynHe cnaTH i t. a- OcTaHHH nacTHHa — cnorann BojioaHMHpa npo nncjieHHi (kk bíh Kaace 83) bíhcbkobí BHnpaBH, m,o saBOflHjiH fioro ajK a° rjibora-BH b HiMenHHHi — b pyKonHci BHnpaB noaaHO jranie 70, MaöyTt, onHH jiHCTOK pyKonncy 3aTpaneHHH; 30KpeMa BojionHMHp nepejiinyc nojio-HeHHx a6o 3a6nTHX nojioBenbKHX khhsíb; HapeniTi, 3raayc npo cbo'í mhcjihbcbkí „npani" Ta 3 hhmh 3B'H3aHÍ He6e3neKH: „flBa Typn kh-flajiH MeHe 3 KoneM poraMH, ojieHt 6oaaB, j^Ba jiocí — o^hh TonTaB HoraMH, a apyrnň 6onaB, Benep oaipsaB Mena 3 CTerna, BeflMiab yny-chb nanpaK kojio KOjiina, rhkho 3ßip ckohhb mchí Ha crertia i nepe-KHHyB MeHe 3 KOHeM". 3raflKa npo jiobh — n.e He noxBajia KHH3iBCb-KOK) npHMXOK), — i peajibHo i chmbojiíhho mhcjihbctbo 6yjio 3a CTa-pnx naciB KyjibTHByBaHHHM, ocboghhhm seMjii (nop. pojiio öopoTb-6h 3 3BipHMH b mí Tax npo repKyjieea a6o cxiflHbocjiOB'aHCbKi ,,ay-xoBHi nicm" npo cb. K)pia). Jlnme KopoTKO noTBepaJKyG BojioflHMHp aeHKi nopaflH BJiacHHM npHKJianpM: ,,He nnjibHyBaB h jkhtth CBoro, He JKajiyBaB cbog'í tojiobh. inp Tpeôa ßyjio poöhth cjiy3Í, Te poÔHB a caM. . .; He noKJianaionHCH Ha nocanHHKíB Ta ÖHpnniB, poÖHB caM, mo öyjio Tpeöa; Becb po3nopjin,OK y CBOGMy ^omí h caM poôhb; Tar kojk i ôinHoro CMepaa i yôoroi baobhiíí He naBaB chjibhhm noKpHB-flHTH; i n,epKOBHoro po3nopHflKy Ta cjiyjKÔH x. caM aorjiaaaB..." BojioaHMHp niflKpecjiiOG, 111,0 He ce6e bíh x one BHXBajíHTH uhmh cnora-naMH, „ajie xBajiio Bora i npocjiaBjmio mhjiíctb Horo, mp MeHe, rpini-Horo i xyfloro, ctíjibkh pa3ÍB 3Ôepir Bia cMepraoro nacy i m,o MeHe, xyaoro, CTBopHB He jiíhhbhm 30 bcíx noTpiÖHHX jiioncbKHX cnpaB". — KopoTKe 3aKÍHneHHji Haranyc, mo Tpeôa nHjibHyBara: bcíx npôpHx bhhhkíb, „cjiaBjiflnn Bora Ta cbhthx Horo". 3. KpiM „noyneHHa" Ma gm o jihct BojioflHMHpa ao kh. Ojiera CßHTocjiaBHna, nHcannä nicjín 6htbh, ne 3aÔHTo CHHa BojioaHMHpo-Boro l3'HCjiaBa. ITonaTOK Ta KÍHenb jincTa Tpoxn 3incyri. BojioaHMHp i TyT noHHHac, noaiÖHO 30 noBnaHHH, Í3 3raaKH npo BJiacHy ayxoBHy 6opoTb6y: ayma nepeMorjia fioro cepíne, HaraaaBinn, 111,0 bcí jho^h CMeprai (ne nncaB BojioaHMHp 1096 p., kojih iíoMy ôyjio jinnie 43 p.) i Ha CTpaniHOMy cyai SoMy Ta fioro poannaM noBeaeTbca CTaTH hk JIIOaíIM, m,0 He 3yMlJIH BTpHMaTH aOÔpHX BÍaHOCHH MÍJK C060K). Bo- jioaHMHp HaBOflHTb TeKCTH npo J11060B míjk ôpäTaMH Ta Haraaye Ojie-roBÍ, jiK bíh, BojioaHMHp, Ta CHH noro l3'HCJiaB poÖHjiH cnpoÖH 3a-kíhhhth cynepenKH MHpoM. HaBÍTb 3apa3, no cMepri l3'acJiaBa, Bo*- JIOaHMHp 3roa>KyGTbCH MHpHO 3aKÍHnHTH HBapy. KoHKpeTHHH 3MÍCT jincTa — npoxaHHH BÍflnycTHTH 3 nojioHy JKÍHKy 3aÖHToro l3'acjiaBa. Biannc iíboro JiHCTa BojioaHMHp, neBHO, 3ajiiraiHB y ce6e, 60 b HbOMy 106 bíh po3BHHyB nporpaMy cbogí mhphoi iiojiíthkh, roaoBHe, BHMaraionH BÍflMOBH Bifl nOMCTH. B kíhiií pyKonucy TBopiB MoHOMaxa nepenncana MOJiHTBa (a6o KÍJitKa npiÖHHx, oKpeMHx mojihtob) no XpHCTa, Eoroponimi Ta Ah-npin KpHTCtKoro. H,e — KOMnijiflu,ÍJi, m,o Ii öiabine BHTpHMaHo b n,ep-KOBHOMy cthjií, mac oÖH^Ba íhihí TBopH. MojiHTBa cnoaynaG b co6i npoxaHHH ocoohctí Ta npoxaHHH 3a nep>KaBy („rpan>"). 4. He Tpeöa BBaacaTH TBopH BoaonHMHpa 3a TBopn npHHariflHi, iiíjikom HejíiTepaTypHi. „rioyneHHc" 3ranye HaBÍTb npo mojkjihbhx nHTaniB, thx, xto „cjryxaTHMe" u,e nncaHHH, Kpiin fliTen BojionuMHpa. „IIoyneHHG" — yjiioÖJieHa jiiiepaTypna cpopMa BÍ3aHTÍHCBKo'i jíiTe-paxypn. BojioflHMHp caM, MaßyTb, HHTas noBnaHna, ih,o bbíhhijih no cKaany t. 3B. ,,l36opHHKa" 1076 p. (I. I~.), bíh iniTyc nponoBinb Ba-chjih BejiHKoro, iup Teac Bxonnjia b toh „l36opHHK". Bíh Miř 3HaTH KopoTKe noßnaHHH HpocjiaBa Mynporo, 3anncaHe b JiÍTonnc (nia p. 1054), TaKOJK anoKpHípinHÍ „3anoBÍTH naTpiapxiB". He bcí hob-qaHHH MajiH toh bhcoko-6thhhhh Ta peairiHHHH xapaKTep, mp noB-MaHHH BojionHMHpa MoHOMaxa. BÍ3aHTÍíícbKa jiixepaTypa Majia noB-HäHHH b nyci BÍ3aHTÍňcbKoro noaiTHHHoro „MaKÍHBejiÍ3My". Miř Bo-jionHMHp npHHaHMHi Myra i npo 3axÍHHÍ TBopn nboro raTyHKy: acÍHKa BoaonHMHpa Tira — aHraiÖKa (3b'h3kh 3 AHrjiicio Khib Maß ine 3a naciß Hpocaaßa, kojih b Hboro 3HaHHijiH npnTyjiOK chhh Kopoaa EnMyHaa) öyjia aoHKOio Kopoaa Tapaabaa, Ta 3 ponnHoio Kopoaa BTeKaa nepe3 EncTep Ta IpjiHHniio no JXamí, ne Koao 1074-5 p. i bhh-maa 3aMÍac 3a BoaonHMHpa. AHraiňcbKa aiTepaTypa Maaa „noBnaH-hh", hio npH3HaneHe rjisí poamiH Kopoaa Tapaabna i noxoaHTb ca-Me 3 EKCTepy, nncaHe cnncKonoM JleoíppiKOM, mo oniKyBaßca nÍTb-mh Tapaabna. I ancT no Oaera, hk HHcaeHHa cTapa enicioaapHa ařrepaTypa, Mac neßHe airepaTypHe 3a6apBaeHHa Ta nncaHHH, neBHe, He anine naa anpecaTa, a g cBoro pony noaiTHHHHM naMcpaeTOM. CKaan TBopiB BoaonHMHpa nonac HaM BKa3ÍBKH Ha xe, hk bíh npainoBaB. JIionHHa „KHHama", bíh, MaSyTb, BHnncyBaB 3 KHHacoK i^HTaTH, h;o öoMy nonoöaanca. B „rioyneHHÜ" 3HaöneHo caian fioro 3HaHHH cb. ÜHCbMa (Moaíe 3 ,,IIapHMÍHHHKa"), hk 3ranaHO, ,,l36op-HHKa" 1076 p., „IIIecTonHeBa" Bacnaia BeaHKoro, „Í3Íoaora" Ta neaKHx íhhihx TBopiB, Hanp., anoKpncpiB. 3 cbogí 3ÖipKH iniTaT bíh i HaBonHTt BHÖip, npHCTOcoBaHHH no MeTH noBHaHHa, HeMa cyMHÍBy, mo i íhhií míciih b „noyneHHi" nonacra: MaiOTb airepaTypHi n^Kepeaa, hk Hanp., HaBeneHÍ Bnme (popMyan. Ilopyn 36ipKH H.HTaT BoaoflHMHp KOpHCTaBCH, MaÖyTb, Í BaaCHHM moneHHHKOM, no HKOro BÍH 3aH0CHB moHaííMeHuie KopoTeHbKÍ naTH npo cboí HHcaeHHi noxonn. „IToyne- 107 hhg" noßynpBaHe 3a neBHHM iijiíihom, xo*i fioro i He iiíjikom bhtph- MaHO. Ajie HaHCHJiLHiuia pnca TBopiß BojioflHMHpa ix ncnxojioriHHa Bpa3jiHBicTb Ta noeTHHHÍCTb y nopiBHHHHHx Ta o6pa3ax. I „Iloyne-hhg" i „JIhct" BojioflHMHp noHHHac oflHaKOBo — Í3 3raflKH npo cboi ncHxiHHi nepejKHBaHHH. Ilepen thm, hk nonaTH BJiacHi MipKyBaHHíi, bíh HaBOflHTb 36ipKH HHTaT, Hanp., „Eoace niKJiyBaHHa Jiinnie Bin jiioHCbKoro" i t. n. Ajie BjiacHoro 0(popMjieHHH nanac Bojiohhmhp nyMKaM npo Kpacy Ta rapMOHiio BcecBÍTy: „Tboím npoMHCJioM, Toc-noflH, npHKpanieHi pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍ 3BÍpi, i nTinji, i ph6h! 3 imoro ^yna pHByeMOCÄ, HK JIlOnHHa yTBOpeHa 3 3eMJlÍ i HKÍ pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍ BHrJIHflH MaiOTb JHOflCbKi OÔJIHHHH, TaK IHO HK Í BeCb CBÍT 3Í6paTH, He BCi Ofl- Horo BHrjiHfly, ajie kojkhhh 3a Bojkoio MynpicTio Mac BJiacHHŽ bh-rjiHfl oÔJiHHHH* ... I iibOMy nonHByGMOCH, hk nromi HeôecHi önyTb Í3 Biipiio ... i He 3ynHHHK)TbCH b oahíh Kpami, ajie... önyTb no bcíx Kpa'ÍHax, 3a Eojkhm HaKa30M, inp6 jiích i nojia HanoBHHjiHca ... i thx nranb HeôecHHx Th HaB^hb, rocnoflH, hk Th HaKaaceín, — 3acnÍBa-H>Tb... hk Th HaKaaceni, — Maionn rojioc, OHÍMiiOTb". JXnx Haä-npocTiinnx nyMOK Bojiohhmhp 3HaxonnTb MajibOBHH^i o6pa3H: BCTa-BaTH Tpeôa pano, „mo6 coHije Bac He 3acTajio b nocTejii"; npo noxin. no cnajieHoro BepecTH Kaace bíh — ixara „Ha rojiOBHÍ"; npo nojiOBr híb, iup npH njiaBaHHÍ BojionnMHpa .ZJmnpoM raöopaMH ctohjih no öeperax, nnine: „I o6jiH3yBajiHCH Ha Hac, hk bobkh ... bíh nepeBo-3Íb Ta 3 rip"; yHBjíHWHH co6i, hk Ojier noöanHB 3aÓHToro l3'HCJiaBa BojionnMHp Kaace: „I th noôa^HB KpoB noro i tíjio 3ÍB'HJie, hí6h mo-jiony KBÍTKy..., hí6h nrnn 3aK0JieHe"; yMOBjíniOHH khh3íb TpHMa- thch BJiaCHHX KHH3ÍBCTB, BoJIOnHMHp í H,K) HyMKy BflHraG B o6pa3 - „xjií6 insHH niniB"; npoxaiOHH Ojiera BinnycTHTH Rpymmiy l3'acjia-Ba 3 noJiOHy, bíh mnne „6yjio nocjiaTH CHOxy mok> no MeHe..inp6 h, ii oöhhbhih, onjiaKaB 3 Heio iľ ^ojioBma Ta ii BecijijiH, 3aMÍCTb ni-ceHb (BecijibHHx), 6o h He ôannB 3a rpixn moi am ii panocTH**, — am ii BiHHaHHH; .. .a kíhhhbiuh 3 Heio cjib03H, BjianiTyio ii Ha Mieni i cane, hk ropjiHnH Ha cyxoMy nepeßi, acajiiio^HCb". Tyr MacMo, 6e3-yMOBHO, bíhôhtkh jiiTepaTypHHX Ta Haponnnx noeTHHHHX oôpa3ÍB, ajie pa30M 3 thm — CBiflouTBo npo noeTHHHy Bnany caMoro Bojiq-ÄHMHpa MoHOMaxa. HÍKaBa i MOBa. 3a bhííhhtkom mojihtbh, TBopn BojionnMHpa no-pyq: n;epKOBHo-cjioB'flHCbKHX ejieMeHTÍB Maioxb ÔaraTO cjiíb Ha-poHHoi mobh, neam 36eperjiHCH b yKpai'HCbKiž mobí noci: n,e — i „bh- *) IJe Micqe Hara^ye oahh ypHBOK i3 TBopy BÍ3aHTiäcbKoro bobboah KeKaBMeHa. **) Moste „paflicTh" — ue „BeciJiJin", b nporacTaBJíeHHi 30 qepKOBHoro „BiHiaHHH". 108 piö", i „naponni" (napyÔKH), i „jiaronHTH", i „BapHTH" (BapyBaxH), i „ropjiHHfl" i t. fl. Tßopn BojionHMHpa MoHOMaxa naiOTb HaM acKpaBHH o6pa3 oc- BÍHeHOl CBÍTCbKOl JHO3HHH CTOpol PyCH, 30KpeMa 11 KHHHCHOrO HHTaH- hh, MOBHoro Ta JiiTepaTypHoro bmíhhh, a pa30M 3 thm i xpHCTHHHCb- KOl nOÔOJKHOCTH „b CBÍTÍ", Ta XpHCTHHHCBKOrO 3a6apBJieHHH nOJlÍTHM- HOi ineojiorii Toro *iacy. E. JJamiJio IlajioiviHHK 1. JlHíue Ha OKpa'i KpacHoro nncbMeHCTBa e o^hh 3 HaoyjiKJÔ-jiemniHX TBopiB CTapoi jiiTepaiypn (3ajiHinHJiocH kojio 100 BÍnnHCÍB 15-19 ct.), MaHnpiBKa „JJaHHjia IlajioMHHKa" y CßHTy 3eMJiK>. Hp nyace neTajibHHH onnc IlajiecTHHH 3 ii CBHTonjaMH, Ajie onnc, nyace h,íhhhh njiii Tonorpa(pii Cbhtoi 3eMjii, nonaHo b paMiji pejiiriÖHo-no-^yTTGBiž. Hp — cnoranH, a ne reorpacpiHHHH Tßip. 2Lk noßa^hmo, JJ^aHHjio nonac ôaraTO MaTepinjiy, n,ÍHHoro TaKoac i hjih icxopii jiÍTe-paTypH. Iloaopoac JJ,aHHJia g, onHa 3 uiepery, Maöyrb, hhcjichhhx nonp-poaciB ll-ro-12-ro ctojiítth. MaHn.pÍBKH np cbhthx 3eMejib 6yjiH HHMCb 3BHHaHHHM. Ha AcpoH nonppoacyBaB Ahtohíh nenepcbKHH; lOHaK <í>eonpcÍH, saxonjiemm onoBÍn,aHHHMH nponaH npo CßHTy 3eM-jiK), HaBÍTb Tinae 3 flOMy. 1062 p. xoflHB np Cbhtoi 3eMjii BapjiaaM 3 nenepcbKoro MaHacrapn; ^aHHJio caM 3ycrpÍB nin, nac BejíHKOfl-Hboi cjiyacÖH kojio Tpoóy rocnonHboro scmjihkíb-khhh Ta hobto-pon,H.ÍB. nHTaHHH, HH Tpeôa noflopoJKyßaTH np Cbhtoi 3eMjii, 3ycTpi-HeMo b ,,nHTaHHHx KnpHKa" (hhb. II. I. 6) Ta y „CTapnHax" jiereH-flapHHx „KajiiK". j-íaHHjio — iryMeH HKorocb MaHacrapn — opram-3yBaB cbok) nonppoat HinpoKo; bíh MaHflpyc 3 híjioio „flpyatHHoio", nicTac npoBiflHHKÍB, 3aM0BjiHG cjiyacön Bond, HaBÍTb Kopojib xpecTO-hochíb BaJiflyÍH y3HB noro 3 C06010 np onmei nonppoaci, a nin, nac BejíHKOflHboi cjiyacôn nocTaBHB ňoro kojio ceöe; nycKajiH /JaHHjia BCIOflH. JJaHHJio poflOM, MaôyTb, 3 HepHnriBimiHH, — bíh nopÍBHioe Hop-naH 3 pi^KOio Chob'io (inpnpaBna, TaKa Ha3Ba g i Ha BopoHÍacnnHÍ) Ta, MOJiH^HCb 3a KHH3ÍB, 3ran,yG jiHHie nÍBfleHHHx. MeTa noro nonppo-híí — noöojKHa, hk i íhhihx npo^aH. Bíh xone noSyBara laM, ne „XpncToc, Bor Ham, noxonHB cbo'ímh HoraMH". IHp nepen. nonppoHc- JKK) BÍH Ma B noCTaBHTH COÔÍ 3aBflaHHH - flaTH JlÍTepaTypHHH TBÍp npo CßHTy 3eMjno. Bíh, hk Kaace b nepenMOBi, He xotíb ynoniÖHHTH-CH „pa6y jiÍHHBOMy" i xone onncaTH cbok) nonppoac n,jiH bíphhx, mp6 HHTani 3aTyiKHjiH 3a cbhthmh mích,hmh. Bíh npocnxb BHÖaneHHH 3a 109 „rpyÔicTb", ajie bíh — nHjibHHH JirrepaTypHHH npaniBHHK. Ilin nac noflopoHci, bíh, HaneBHe, bíb mofleHHHK 3 tohhhmh 3anncaMH po3Rii-pÍB, BÍflflajiÍB, iineH toh;o. Ha^HTaHÍCTt fioro y Eiöjiii Ta anoKpnípm-híh jiiTepaTypi nyace npnnajiacH HOMy npn oôpoôni 3anncoK. ByB bíh y Cbhtíh 3eMjii y 1106-08 pOKax. 2. 3míct „IIoflopoHä", TBopy hochtl BejíHKoro po3MÍpy, neMOJK-jihbo nepeKa3aTH KopoTKO. IJe — onnc yciGi Kpa'mH, 6o ^.aHHJio no-6yBaB He jraine b GpycajiHMi, a MaHflpyBaB no bcíh IlajiecTHHi. To- JIOBHHH KOTO ÍHTepeC - „CBHTHHÍ", HK CTapO- TaK i H0B03aBÍTHÍ, njepKBH, MaHacTHpi. íx onncn äBTop mofli cynpoBonHTt 3raflKaMH npo Kpai'HH, pocjiHHH, TBapHHH, ÍHOfli npo rocnoflapcTBO, Haopifline npo oKpeMHX oci6, — cBoro npoBiflHHKa 3 MaHacTHpfi cb. CaBH b Gpyca-jihmí, npo CBOK) „spyjKHHy", npo Kopojín Bajiayma, „capauHHiß" (apaöiß), „{ppnriB" (3axiflm>o-eBponeHn,ÍB B3arajii) TOinp. 3ranKH, mpnpaBna, npcHTb npoTOKOJitHoro xapaKTepy. Oct, Hanp., npaGBHn,: „HopnaH-piKa Tene xymo, ôepern Mac no toh 6ík nyace KpyTÍ, no n,eä 6ík — piBHi. Bona ač noro KajiaMyraa i nynce cojionKa no nHTXH, i He oôpHflHe nHTH Ty CBHTy Bony, i He xBopiwTb Bifl Hei, i He uikoähti> BOHa. IIíjikom nofliÔHHH HopnaH pi^i Chobí, i 3aBiuHpniKH, i 3aB-rjiHÖniKH, Ta Tene nynce HepiBHo Ta xyrKO. JlyKH Mac TaKi, hk i pin-Ka Chob . . ." ,,3aBiuHpniKH HopnaH TaKHÔ hk piHKa Chob Ha ycTÍ. T no neô 6ík Kynejii g MajiHH jiícok i ôaraTo nynce bhcokhx nepeB no ôepery HopnaHOBOMy, i g jio3h, He hk Hauia jio3a . . . ÔaraTo komhuiíb. I ôaraTo TyT acHBe 3bíphhh; g TyT hhkí cbhhí, 6e3 HHCJia ix ôaraTo, i jieonapnJB 6araxo. a jieBH g no toh 6ík HopnaHy b KaivťHHHX ropax, i 6araTo jieBÍB TyT pohhtbch ..." A6o Kpama kojio BnípjieGMy: „I g Ta 3eMjiH Ha ropax kojio BncpjieGMy nynce KpacHa, a Ha y3rip'nx cto-ítb ôaraTo nepes obohcbhx, rapm ojihbkobí nepeBa, i cmokobhhh, i pÍ3HÍ, i ôaraTo BHHorpan.hhkíb, a no öajiKax hhbh — Bce kojio Bncp-jieeMy". ^laHHJio onncye i nycTejii Ta ähkí ripctKi KpaGBHnH, Hanp., injiHX bíh GpnxoHy ho HopnaHy: „Beet nac pißHo, Bce nicoK, nijinx nyjKe THJKKHH, ôaraTo jnoneil He MoacyTb nnxaTH bíh cneKH Ta bmh-paiOTB bíh cnparH. Bo HenajieKO bíh ntoro injiHxy g ConoMctKe (MepTBe) Mope, Ta neKyne noBÍTpn Ta CMopin bhxohhti» 3 Toro mo-pn, hk 3 najnonoi není i onajiioc 3eMJiK> ijígio cMopoflJiHBOio cne-KOK)". Be36apBHÍuii onncH 6yflOB: ocb ijepKBa BocKpeceHHH Xpne-TOBoro b GpycajiHMi: „.ZJhbho i nyace bmíjio 36ynpBaHa, i Kpaca ii HeBHMOBHa, g Kpyrjia BHrjiHHOM, CTpamHo hhbhthch (!), i Ha30BHÍ npHKpameHa M03aÍKOK> hhbho, hcbhmobho, i ctíhh ii oOKJianeHi Map-MypoBHMH njíHTaMH 3 Hopororo MapMypy, nyace rapHo..."; KpiM 6e3ÔapBHHX cjiíb „hhbho, KpacHO, HeBHMOBHO, crpaniHo" /laHHjio ne-He-ne nonac me neTajibHiini cyxi BHHHCJieHHH po3MÍpÍB, kíjilkocth CTOBniB Tomp. Kpame áoMy BnacTbcn po3noBÍCTH npo rocnonapcbKe 110 JKHTTfl. TaK bíh onncyc 3np6yBaHHH jianaHy (thm'aHy) a6o ciabCbKe rocnoflapcTBo XeBpoHy: „I hhhí cnpaBfli 3eMaa n,a öaarocaoBeHHa Bifl Bora Ha bcí Saara: Ha nnieHHin«, i Ha bhho, i Ha oaiio, i Ha BcaKy cnpoBHHy flyace SaraTa, i xyfloön, i oBenb flyace 6araT0, i ap6-pa cKOTHHa HapoflacyeTbca flBa pa3H Ha pne, i ôflacia TyT ôaraTo Ha TOMy kemíhhí, no thx KpacHHX ropax; i ßaraxo rapHHx BHHorpafl-hhkíb Ha y3rip'ax, i OBoaeBHX flepeB ctoitb ßaraTo 6e3 ancaa: oaHBH, piacKH, CMOKBH, aßaym Ta aepenrai. I BHHorpafl poflHTbca i iHina ca-flOBHHa, ainuia Bifl ycaKo'i caflOBHHH Ha 3eMai, i BHHorpafly TaKoro Hifle HeMae, i caflOBHHa nofliÖHa flo HeöecHoi caflOBHHH". lipo aiofleň JXsluujio aniue 3raflye. Bíh He BBaacac 3a noTpiöHe 6araTO 3ynHHHTHea HaßiTb Ha Kopoai Eaaflymi; annie CBOGMy npo-ßiflHHKOBi bíh npncBaaye KiabKa eaiß, ak „aoaoBÍKOBi CBHTOMy, cTa-poMy flHHMH Ta flyace KHHacHOMy.. ." 06'gkthbhhö onncoBHÖ CTHab iHOfli nepepHBaiOTb bhhbh noayTTa, a6o onncn 3araabHoro niflHeceH-Ha; JlaHHao „3 aioöoß'io" flOBro xoflHTb öeperaMH HopflaHy; bíh i öoro flpyacHHa n.iayiOTb ,,3 aioöoß'io Ta cab03aMH" ,,CBaTe Micn,e", fle npeo6pa3HBca XpncToc, nepnraö noraan. Ha GpycaaHM BHKaHKaG y MaHflpiBHHKÍB paflicTb — „híxto He Moace He npocab03HTHca, no-öaaHBiuH 3 Tyroio cnoflißany 3eMaio i cbhtí inicna, fle XpncTOc flaa Hainoro cnaciHHa xoahb". KiHeu,b onncy MaHflpiBKH — nicaa OKpe-Moro po3fliay npo cxoflaceHHa CBHToro Boraio Ha rpi6 roenonmH — ' TaK caMo paflicHHÖ: ,,3 flyace BeanKoio paflicTK), 36araTHBuiHca Ha Boacy öaaronaTb, Kecyan b pyn,i mo'ío noaapyHKH Ta 3HäK CBaToro rpoöy, npocßi^yiOHH u,hm yci Micna, Hinan mh pafliioan, híôh 3Haä-man aKHÖcb CKapö öaraTHÖ". JXělhujio He 3a6yBac 3raflaTH i npo HacTpoí ÍHHIHX. Ilifl aac BeaHKOflHboi BiflnpaBH ,,KHa3b Eaaflym CToi'Tb í3 cTpaxoM Ta cMHpeHHaM BeaHKHM, i cab03H, híôh 3 flacepeaa, TeayTb 3 öoro oaeö", Becb HapOfl nafl rpoöoM TocnoflHiM pafliG. ,,I xto He 6aaHB niei paflocTH b neö fleHb, too He BipHTHMe onoßifla-aeßi..." Cepefl noMyBaHb Xíaa^iaa BapTO 3raflaTH i öoro naTpioTH3M, öoro MoaHTBy 3a khh3Íb, hkhx bíh 3anncyG flo noMHHaabHHKa Ta PycbKy 3eMaK>. Ha rpoöi TocnoflHbOMy bíh CTaBHTb Ha BeaHKfleHb aHMnafly ßifl „ycic'i PycbKoí 3eMai", po3yMÍK>aH nifl Heio YKpamy (flHB. BHine 1). 3. Aae onncH KpaGBHfliß, ociö, bhhbh BaacHoro noayTTH — ne anine aiTepaTypHi npHKpacH Tßopy ^aHHaa. ToaoBHa MeTa Ta 3míct öoro TB opy — onnc cbhthx naM'HTOK. HncaeHHi noflii CTaporo Ta HoBoro 3aBÍTy 6yan npHB'a3aHÍ b naaecTHHi flo neßHHX MicijeBoc-Teö. He — 3BHaaÖHe nocTaHHH TaK 3ßaHHX „MicneßHX car", Micn,e-BHx nepeKa3ÍB. JXo íctophhhhx nepeKa3ÍB npnGflHaanca 3 aacoM He III Mému qHCjie-HHi jiereHflapm, nonacTH — bhtbíp noôoacHoi eon;ocÍH Ta npo Icama, nin, p. 1091 — npo nepeHeceHHH moiiiíb cb. eonpcÍH, nip; p. 1096 (b JlaBpeHTÜBCBKOMy pyKonnci) „3Í6paHÍ TBopn" Bo-jioflHMHpa MoHOMaxa, ni# p. 1097 —onoBiaaHHH npo kh. BacmrtKa. 2. 3míct jiÍTonncy, hk hcho 3 n>oro or-nany Ta 3'acoBaHo b no-nepeamx po3n,ijiax, „3Í6paHHH" nonacTH 3 íhhihx naM'aTOK, nncamix HH yCHHX Ta, MOJKJIHBO, BHKOpHCTaHO Í HKÍCB ÍHLUÍ JlÍTonHCHÍ fljKepe- jia, 30KpeMa HOBropopcBKi, MOHce ň nepmriBCBKi 3anncH, 3anncH a6o ycHi nepeKa3H 3 TMyTopoKam (Han; 03íbcbkhm MopeM), onoBinaHHH 3 icTopii nenepcBKoro MaHacTHpH, pÍ3HÍ poKyMeHTH (poroBopn 3 rpeicaMH, noMHHa jibhhk khibcbkhx khh3Íb, 3anoBÍT kh. JIpocjiaBa Myaporo i t. n;.). KpiM Toro, BHKOpHCTaHO ^yJKy JÓTepaTypy: mo-paBCBKy (onoBiflaHHH npo CKJiapaHHH aöeTKH Ta hkhhcb icTopHH-hhh TBip), ßojirapcEKy (Hairp., írpo oxpmneHHH rjapn Bopnca), nepe-KJiaflH 3 BÍ3aHTÍHCBKo'í jíiTepaTypn (AMapTOJia, Majiajin Ta íh.), noB-*iajibHÍ TBopn (npo „Kapn Bohcí" 3 „3jiaTocTpyH" toih,o), anoKpn-(pH (TBip MeTonia IlaTapcBKoro, „JKhtíg BacHjia Honoro"). Orné, jíiTonHcni BHKOHajiH BejiHKy npau;io, 3Í6paBniH MaTepiaji. Baníne 3'acyBaTH, m,o b jiiTonnci noxon,htb 3 ycHHX nepeKa3ÍB, Monce 3 enin-HHx niceHt, ajie neaKi 3ano3HneHHH mojkcmo i TyT ycTaHOBHTH (flHB. I. 3K). 3. P03yMÍGTBCH, TaKHH pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHH CKJian. n03HaHaGTBCH Ha cthjií onoBipaHHH. 3ycTpinaGMo TyT pÍ3HÍ cthjií, 60 óíjibuiíctb 3ano-3H^ieHB He nepepoöJieHO, a npocTo cnncaHo. BapTo po3rjiHHyTH cthjib thx nacTHH, mp HajieacaTB n,o BjiacHoro onoBÍfl,aHHH JÚTonHcniB. TyT sycTpmeMo neam cnijitm pncn npoTaroM ycBoro jíiTonncy. Posraná hhx pne nepeKOHac Hac, inp npana jiÍTonHcn,ÍB bhhbjihg mzuajmň jii-TepaTypHHH xhct. Mh BJKe po3rjiHflajiH onoBinaHHH, mp Moace no3H^em 3 ycHHX ne- peKa3ÍB (CKaHfliHaBCBKOro nOXOflJKeHHH?), BÍn;3HaHHJIH B HHX 30Kpe- Ma HaxHJi po pHTMÍ30BaHoi MOBH Ta ajiiTepaniii. y nÍ3HiniHx -qacTHHax jíiTonHcy 3ycTpÍHeM0 pHTMÍ3au,iio MOBH ine flocHTB qacTo; npocia CHHTaKca jíiTonncHoro onoBinaHHH HHMajio cnpHHHHHGTBCH no píT- MÍ3ani'í. Ocb hk onHcyeTBCH, hk nojioBeubKHH khh3í Bohhk, coio3hhk kh. /laBHfla BoJioři,HMHp-BojiHHCi.Koro, HanepeflOflHi 6htbh npoTH ManapiB, cok>3hhkíb kh. CBHTonojiKa, 1097 p. 3anHTyBaB hojikk h hko 6hctb nojryHoíHH, H-6-n H BCTaBTj BOHHKt h-3-6 OTbTíXa OT BOH, B H no^a BbITH BOJTHbCKbl, H-n-b-b h BOJIKTj OTbBblCH eMy, H-b h Haiama bojihh bbith mho3h; h-b-b BoHHK'b npHixaBT) n noBŤ.n.a /taBbiflOBH, n hko noó-B^a Hbi ecTb Ha Yrpbi ... n TaKHX MÍCHb, 3aBJKflH KOpOTKHX, 3HaHneM0 HHMajIO. yjIK»6jieHHM CTHJliCTHHHHM 3aCo6oM JlÍTOnHCH,ÍB G KOpOTKÍ a(pO- Phcthhhí peneHHA, BHpoKH fliíioBHx oci6 — „ceHTeHnn". HoBropofliji KaJKyTb CBHTOnOJIKOBi, IHO 36Hpa6TbCH nOCJiaTH CBOrO CHHa KHH3eM 30 HoBropo^y: „Kojih tbíh chh Mac h,bí tojiobh, to nocHJiafi fioro" (1102). Ilepen, 6htboio khh3í mobjihtb: „6yneM0 a6o jkhbí, a6o MepT-bí'\ ,Ho6pHHH papHTb Bojio,n,HMHpoBÍ BeJiHKOMy nicjiH nepeMorn Han, BOJi3bKHMH CojirapaMH: „ni yci b ho6othx, bohh ne naBaTHMyTb HaM flaHHHH; nifleMO niyKara TaKHX, mo b nocTOJiax" („JianoTHHKiB"). IJe — CTHjib icTopHHHHx aHeKflOT ycix ^íaciB, i iii peneHHH, MačyTb, nepeňHHTi jíiTonHCHHMH 3 yCHHX onoBÍn.aHb. Onncn hojiíthhhhx no-flifi jiÍTonHci;i oxo^íe no^íHHaiOTb 3 TaKHX bhcjiobíb afjo 3 kopotkhx po3MOB hbox hh Sijibuie oci6; TaK caMO non,i6HHMH peneHHHMH nin,-6HBaiOTb nipcyMKH non,ÍHM. 3 npHBoay enineMii b IIojiOHbKy „jho^h mobhjih: ne Mepui („HaBbe") S'iotb IIoJioHaH"; Ha coíímí b JIio6eTii khh3Í „mobjihtb 30 ce6e: HOMy ryÓHMO PycbKy 3eMJiio, BoporyioHH míjk co6ok)?"; Ha nopanj Ha ,Zlojio6cbKOMy o3epi BojioflHMHp Moho-Max BHrojioHiyG „npoMOBy": „3HByiocb.. . mp KOHež ncajiicTe .. .; ajie HOMy He 3ran,aGTe, ih;o cejiHHHH noHHe opaTH, Ta npnipe nojio-Beu;b i b^apHTb noro CTpijioio i kohh fioro 3aóepe Ta, npnixaBHiH 30 cejia, 3a6epe noro HÚHKy Ta 3ÍTH Ta Becb noro MaGTOK; oTHce, kohh JKajiiGTe, a caMoro (cejiHHHHa) He majiieTe?" — i ue, po3yMÍGTbca, noniHpeHHH adpopH3M yjiioójieHoro jiiTomicijHMH THny. Bijibni a6o MeHHi poTenHHX a(popH3MÍB, mp ÍH03Í noíHHpem 30 híjihx npOMOB — b JUTOnHCi fleCHTKH. TaKi a(p0pH3MH 3ÍŽÍOBHX OCÍ6, p03MOBH, npOMOBH, pyMKH (,,BHyTpiniHÍH MOHOJior" — „mobhtb 30 ceóe"), — „ppaMa-TH3yK»HH" BHKJiaji, OHiHBJíHiOTb iioro, a 3 ppyroro 6oKy, ,,3aTpHiwy-k)Tb" onoBipaHHH, noHinpioiOTb noro i thm po6jiHTb noro UJKaBIlM. iHHia pnca jíiTOnncHoro onoBiflaHHH, iup HaSjíHHcye noro 30 enocy bcíx naciB Ta HapofliB, — u;e jiioóob 3,0 CTajinx (popMyji npn 115 3MajiK>BaHHÍ neBHHx cnryanjö. TaK nonaTOK 6htbh sasHanacibCH CJioBaMH „nocTaBHTH dar" Ta „3Jiomhth cnnc", BificbKa a6o boh-thx Ha bíhhí 6yBae „6e3 HHCJia", ÔHTBa („ópaHb" a6o „cŤ>na") 6y-Bac „JiiOTa", „hkoí* m,e He oysajio"; KHH3Í 36npaiOTb „bohkíb 6ara-Tbox Ta cmíjihbhx" („boh MHorH h xpaöpbi"), noBepTawTLOí 3 rio-xony „3 nepeMoroio", a6o „3 cjiaBoio Ta nepeMoroio BeJiHKOio", eno-HHBaiOHH no noxofli „BTnpaioTb noTa", a6o cyMyionn 3a BTpaTaMH, „BTHpaiOTb CJIÍ3"; nOCiflTH BOpOJKHe*íy - „BKHHyTH HÍÍK" MeíKH bo- poriB. HaBiTb BHpa3H, m,o 3ycTpinaiOTbCH b jíiTonnci jiňme ohhh pa3, MaioTb xapaKTep (popMyji, hk Hanp., 3ran,Ka npo xapaKTep rpeKiß: „60 rpôKH g oniyKamji (,,jibcthbh'') i no ntoro 3hh." yjnoßjiem MajibOBHHHi nopiBHHHHn: bíhcbko ctoítb „hk jiích" („aKH 6opoBe"), coHue nin, nac 3aTeMHeHHa 6yBae „hk MÍCHn,b", CTpi-jiH jieTHTb „hk floin,", KHH3b CBHTocjiaB „xohhb jierKO, hk napnyc" (6apc), Bohhk, 3 Tpbox 6okíb HananaiOHH Ha yropnJB „36hb ľx híôh b m'h^, hk cokíji 3ÖHBae rajiKH". Pinmi eniTeTH, 3ne6ijibina — ne npÍ3Bnn;a KHH3ÍB a6o mniHX oci6. IíiKaBÍ oKpeMi MajibOBHHHi cneHH. Bohh He načri i Moace no3H-nem 3 HKHxocb noeraraHHx tbopíb, HaM He bíhomhx, Hanp., 3 enocy. TaK onoBiaaGTbCH, Hanp., npo ÖHTBy 1024 p. Meacn ÍIpocjiaBOM Ta McTHCJiaBOM TMyTopoKaHCbKHM: „Yhohí 6yjia TbMa, ÔJincKaBKa, rpiM i n,om. I Öyjia ÖHTBa cnjibHa, i, hk CBÍTHjia öjracKaBKa, ÖJinina-jia 36poH, i ôyjia BejiHKa ôypn Ta ÔHTBa cnjibHa ô CTpanina. ..", a6o onnc „py'ÍHH" 1093 p.: „Hk 3po6HJin, TaK i TepnnMo; MiCTa bcí 3a-nycTijiH; nepeöneMO nojiH, n.e nacjinen Taöymi KOHeä, bíbijí i bojih, Bce ôaHHMo hhhí nopoíKHG, nojiH, nopocjii öyp'HHaMH, CTajra jkht-jiom 3BÍpÍB", nojioBHii 3axonHJiH nojioHeHHX Ta 3arHajin i'x no cboíx HaMexiB — „TepnjiH^H, cyMHÍ, KaTOBam, 3an.y6ijii Bin, xojiony, b ro-jioni Ta cnpa3Í Ta b 6in,i, cxynai 3 oöjihhhh, nonopmBiHH tíjiom, b He-3HaH0MÍn Kpaim, 3 cnajieHHM (cnparoio) h3hkom, xohhhh rojii ň Soci, Horn noKOjiOTi TepHaMH, 3 cjibo3aMH BÍnnoBÍn.aiOTb o^hh onHOMy, mobjihhh „h 6yB 3 toto MicTa", a íhuií „a h 3 nboro cejia". TaK im-Tajin onm OAHHx, onoBinaionn npo cboio poflHHy ia CTorayHH, oni ninBonHHH 30 He6a np BHniHboro, mp 3HaG HeBinpMe". Iii mícuh Ha-ranyiOTb onoBÍn,aHHH „Ko3anbKnx jirronncniB" Ta n.yM npo pyÍHy 17-ro BÍKy. TaKHX rapHHX mícub y jíiTonnci nnMajio. 4. IíiKaBHH JíiTonnc i mobho; nepKOBHo-cjioB'HHCbKa MOBa 6ijib-mocTH cTapnx naM'htok noM'HKmeHa lyT no HenÍ3HaHHH HaponHoio MOBOK): BejiHKa KijibKicTb KyjibTypHo-Ľ[ÍKaBHX CTapnx cjiíb BnaflaG b Bim: rpHBHa, rpnn.HHUH, ckot (b ceHci „cKapö"), Meaynia (bhh- HHH JlbOx), naBOJIOKH (niOBKH), KOMOHÍ (kOHÍ), KOTOpn (HBapn KHH- 3Íb), TyTeH (ryK) todj;o. Jiňme nacTHHy n;nx cjiíb 3ycTpÍHeMO b íh-uihx naM'HTKax cTaporo nacy. Ľ[ÍKaBa BejiHKa KÍJibKÍCTb cjiíb, wp 116 3ajiHiuHJiaca noci b yKpaÍHCbKifi mobí aöo II OKpeMHX fliíuieKTax: caMOBHnenb, TpicKa, piHb, öojiohb, CBHTa, JKeHyTt, CTpixa, onpHHa, acepeao. A6o TaKi cpopMH, hk MafiSyTrnS nac 3 „hm'bth" (hhhí, Hanp., nncaTHMy i t, n.), Ta cpopMH, mp Tenep yatHBaiOTbCH Jinine b Saxonia YKpaiHi: „cecb" aöo MaSöyTHiä nac: ,,6yny yroHHJľb", „6yny npHHJľb"* Tomp. 5. Hk mh BJKe 3ranyBaan, aironnc ne Moace 6yra TBopoM OflHo-ro aBTopa. npHnHBHBnracH ÖJiHHcne, MOJKHa noMÍTHTH, nio caMe no- XOflHTb Bin PÍ3HHX aBTOpÍB. Grapa KHiBCbKa Tpannnm (13 ct.) npraiHcyBajia aBTopcTBo jii-TonHcy neHireßi KHGBO-ľlenepCbKoro MaHacmpn HecTopoßi. HeMac nincTaB cyMHÍBaTHCH b iibOMy CBinneHHi. Hecrip, MaôyTb, oÖpoÖHB Ton TeKCT (no 1113 p.), mo fioro nepermcaB CHJibBecTp. ripnnHB- JIHIOHHCa nO TeKCTy, IIOMÍTHMO b HbOMy neBHi mokí, rnp BKa3yK)Tb Ha npaii.10 pi3HHX aBTOpÍB. 1044 p. jiiTonnc po3noBÍnae npo nepene-ceHHH „KOCTefi" KHH3ÍB .HponoaKa Ta Ojiera CBHTOcjiaBHniB no Kh-GBa, nin p. 977 nHTaGMO npo Ojiera, mp ,,i ;npci" Mornjia äoro g ko-jio Oßpyna. OTJKe, aBTop, rnp onncyBaB 977 p., nncaB HaneBHe no 1044 p. nin P- 1044 3raaaHo kh. BceBOJiona, mp hchbhh „i noci", a p. 1101 nHTacMO npo äoro CMepTb; OTace, toh aBTop, rnp nncaB npo nonii 1044 p., 3aKÍHHHB cbok> npaino HaneBHe no 1101 p. MoaiHa 3HaÖTH ine KiJibKa noniömrx ,,po3pÍ3ÍB" b TeKCTi. y3HBniH Bce ne Ha yBary, MoaceMO BCTaHOBHTH KijibKa nacTHH CTaporo JiiTonncy, rnp g npaneio pÍ3HHx aBTopiß: 1) no 1044 p., 2) Bin 1044 p. no 80-hx po-kíb, 3) Bin 80-hx poKiB no 1101 p., 4) Bin 1101 no 1113 p. — Po3y-MÍGTbCH, i aBTop, mp nncaB no 1044 p. He Mir 6yTH „caMOBinirieM" ycix onHcaHHx TaM noniS, ajie no 1044 p. Baacne BCTaHOBHTH amch Mead míjk OKpeMHMH nacTHHaMH. CnpaBa ycKJianmoGTbca me ö thm, mp nÍ3HÍniHH aiTonncenb He amne npoaoBacyBaB JiiTonnc, ajie, hk 3nacTbCH, TaKOJK nonaBaB no CTapiniHX nacTHH hobhíí MaTepiaa, a6o Heinp cKpecjiiOBaB. I npo TaKi nepepoÔKH MoaceMO nonacra cynHTH. PosÖHpaionncH b TeKCTax ařronHciiiB, nocainHHKH, 30KpeMa A. niaxMaTOB, noMÍTHan pÍ3HÍ 3MÍHH b CTHai á xapaKTepi aiTonncy Ta 3MoraH BCTaHOBHTH Meaci Miac OKpeMHMH nacTHHaMH ííoro. Pík 1044 nonHHaG HOBHŮ BÍnTHHOK TeKCTy. nepefl HHM MaGMO HIHpniHH BHKaaA no 1037 p., ne po3noBÍnacTbca npo 3ÔynyBaHHa b Khgbí HpocaaBOM MynpHM HOBoro 3aMKy Ta hobhx nepKOB, roaoBHe Cocpi'iBCbKoi, Ta BMÜiipHo noxBajiy HpocaaBOßi. Moace 3 npHBony hígi BHSHanHoi* no- *) 3 nboro npHKjiaay Qsl^umo, hkoh) iiomhjikoh) g BBasKara bcí khm MopeM. H,e fl03B0JiHG bh-cjiobhth raflKy mpflo aBTopa oôpoÔKH 1044-73 pp. Hhm aBTopoM Mir 6yTH iryMeH ManacTHpa Hhkoh, aKOMy 1061 p. flOBeaoca BTeKTH Bifl rmBy KHH3A l3'acaaBa 3 KneBa flo TMyTopoKaHi, bíakíjih bíh no-BepHyBCH flo KncBa 1058 p. 1073 p. ITenepcbKHH MaHacTnp CTaB b On03HD;ÍK) flO KHH3a CBHTOCJiaBa flK BHHHOrO B 3Ôp0HHÍH ôopoTbôi KHH3ÍB Miac C060K) i, MaôyTb, Hhkohobí 3H0By floBeJioca KyflHCb tí-KaTH. Hhkoh (a Moace i XTocb 3 neHniB, mo cynpoBoflHjiH öoro npn BTenax) Mir ôyra aBTopoM nacTHHH jiiTonncy míhc pp. 1044-1073 Ta noBCTaBaaTH TMyTopoKaHCbKi bíctkh i flo CTapiuiHx nacTHH jiiTonncy. JJJajibina oöpoÖKa carae, 3flaeTbca, flo 1093 p. B oflHOMy pyKO-nnci 3Ôeperaaca nepeflMOBa, aKy MoacHa flaTyBara u,hm poKOM. 3ho-By oôpoOKa noxoflHTb 3 nenepcbKoro MaHacrapa, aae npo asTopa BaaíKO CKa3äTH mpcb neBHe. HoBa oôpoÔKa, qo caraaa flo 1113 p. — Mafiace HaneBHe TBip HecTopa. MaßyTb, i CnjibBecTep He oÖMeacHBca annie Ha nepenncy-BaHHi, a flemp no3MÍHK)BaB Ta noflonoBHiOBaB. ni3HÍuii aiTonnciii, nepenHcyio^iH npau,io CnjibBecTpa, Tpoxn i'í 3MÍHioK)Tb, noHHHaiOHH flajibuiy aiTonHCHy npaiiio. Ha macTa, 36eperjiHca fleaKi peniTKH CTapiuinx peflaKu;ÍH jiíto-nncy. B HoBropoflCbKOMy I. jiiTonnci BHKJiafl Ha nonaTKy npocTiuiHH Ta KopoTiHHH, híhc y CnabBecTpißCbKOMy; MäGMo TyT i TaKi 3míhh, aKHX He MoacHa 3'acyBaTH ckopomchhhm ninpnioro BHKJiafly. Ihhií ypHBKH HKHXOCb CTapilHHX JlÍTOnHCHHX BHKJiaflÍB MOaíHa 3HaHTH b pÍ3HHx CTapnx naM'aTKax (Hanp., „naM'HTb Ta noxBajia" — I, I\ 6, a6o b „nenepcbKOMy naTepHKy" — II. T.). noabCbKHH icTopnK JJ,Jiy-roui (15 ct.) KopHCTaBca hkhmhcb HaniHMH, BTpaneHHMH Tenep jii-TonHCäMH. nopiBHaHHa bcíx ii,hx TeKCTÍB flac 3Mory yTBopHTH neBHy yHBy npo aiTonncn, mp He 36eperjinea. 6. MoaceMo flenro CKaaaTH npo oKpeMHx aBTopiß JiiTonncy Ha niflCTaBi ix npaijb. Abtop nacTHHH jiiTonncy, nncaHOi 1037 p., nro cKJiaflaB öoro, MaöyTb, fljia MHTponojmw Kaieflpn, MyciB noflaTH, roaoBHe, MaöyTb, BHKJiafl icTopií xpHCTHaHÍ3aiT,ií PycH. KopHCTaBca bíh nepeKa3aMH Ta enocoM cTapiuiHX naciß Ta, MaôyTb, BHKopKCTaB TaKoac i aKicb CTapinii pyKonnciri íctophhhí naM'aTKH, a, roaoBHe, 118 jiŕrepaTypy n,epKOBHy, Hanp., „aorria" Bapariß, 3aÔHTHX y Khgbí no-raHaMH, hkhhcb TBip npo oxpmneHHH Oabrn, nepKOBHÍ 3anncH. IIo-aiTHMHi nonri bíh onncyG KopoTKO, 3aTe ninpnie po3noBÍB npo oxpn-ineHHa Ojibrn, a rojioBHe — BoaoaHMHpa, He HexTyio^n i Hapon-HHX nepeKa3ÍB. TaK BoaoanMnp hí6h He npiniHHB MaroMeTaHCTBa, 60 BOHo 3a6opoHaao nnTH bhho: „Pycn ecTb Beceaae nnra, He mo-aceM 6e3 Toro 6hth" (oaeBHHHo, HaponHa npimoBinKa). YcTaiviH mí-cioHepa nonaHO innpoKHH BHKaan, xphcthhhcbkoí HayKH, i amne nicaa nboro aBTop nepexoflHTb no aiTonncHoro BHKJiaay Ha nincTaßi cbímíoí naM'aTi, a 3aKÍH*iye cbíh BHKaan, 3ran,KaMH npo nepKOBHÍ 6y-flOBH b Khgbí ia noxBaaoio KHa3eBÍ HpocjiaBOBi MyapoMy, m,o 6a-raTo 3poÖHB naa KyabTypn Ta xpncTHaHCbKoi qepKBH. Abtop ocbít-aioG nonii aacTO 3 rpen,bKoro noraany Ta n;iaKOM 3aMOBHyc icTopiio KHÍBCbKoI nepKBH no BCTaHOBaeHHa rpen;bKoi icpapxii. y HHTaaa Maao CTBopHTHca BpaaceHHa, mp xpncTHaHCTBO Ha Pyci — n,iaKOM rpeqbKoro noxonaceHHa. 3obcím mini Han;ioHaabHo-n;epKOBHÍ noraann aBTopa, mo robíb aiTonnc no 1073 p. Bíh kphthhho CTaBHTbca n,o rpenbKoi icpapxii, po3noBÍRae npo 3acHyBaHHa ITeaepcbKoro MaHacTnpa Ta npo 6opoTb-6y npoTH noraHCTBa (onoBÍRaHHa npo bojixbíb ) 6e3 Ôynb-HKoi flono-Morn rpeKiß. MaöyTb bíh npnoBHHB CTapimy ^acTHHy aiTonncy bíro-MocTaMH npo cTapi nepenora Oaera xa CßaTOcaaBa Han rpeKaMH. Abtop Mac TBepRÍ noraaRH Ha BHyTpiniHi cnpaBH. Bíh 6aacaG Mnp-Horo cnÍBHíHTTa KHa3ÍB míhc C060K), Hepe3 n,e bíh HaBÍTb HanaRacTb-ca Ha KHa3H CßaTocaaBa HpocaaBH^a, hkhh CHMnaTH3yBaB ilenep-cbKOMy MaHacTHpeßi Ta RonoMaraB SoMy RiaOM. Abtop 3Re6iabina CTac Ha 6ík MicbKoi aioRHOCTH („khhh"), niKpecaioiOHH HecnpaBeR-anBÍCTb KHa3ÍBCbKHx Kap Tom,o. UmaBe 3ÔaraaeHHa icTopHHHoro MaTepiaay npo TMyTopoKaHb, — aBTop Rae mcpopMann, Moacanso öepyHH ix nonacTH Í3 TiwyTopoKaHCbKoro niceHHoro enocy. y nepeaMoBi ro oÖpoÖKH 1093 p. BHCJioBaeHo RyMKH, mo Hara-syioTb iReoaoriio aBTopa oöpoÖKH 1073 p. 3 HanioHajibHoio iReoao-riGio cnoay^eHo coniaabHi mothbh. KHH3aM bíh 3aKHnaG „HecnrcTBo", aKe pyÔHyG HaceaeHHa Ta ÖawTb b ycnixax noaOBn,íb „Kapy Boacy" 3a ne. Poaio RHHacTÜ i^eö aBTop onmioe, 3flaeTbca, in,e BHiqe, Hia< äoro nonepeflHHKH, BOaMaioan b KHH3ax 3aK0HHHx BoaoRapÍB ycici Pycn, He annie Kncßa, a ö HoBropoRy, Ta npoBÍRHHKÍB y 6opoTb6i Pycn npoTH cTenoBHKÍB-HOMaRÍB. Bíh, MaöyTb, Re b MOMy RonoBHHB BHKaaR npo CTapi Macn. lípo ni RonoBHemiH MoacaHBÍ noaacTH Ro6pe o6ŕpyHTOBaHÍ npraiymeHHa. OcTaHHÍn npanÍBHHK Han, aÍTonncoM — npenoRoÔHHÔ HecTÍp, bí-romhh 3 áoro mníHx npaub (hchtíh <řeoRocia Ta Eopnca h Taiöa) aK ORHH 3 HäHTaaaHOBHTÍUIHX CTapOKHÍBCbKHX nHCbMeHHHKÍB. HeCTÍp, 119 6e3yMOBHo, 3HanHo nepepoÖHB Maxepiaji, mo aicTaBca öoMy ao pyn, Ta hobíb jiiTonHC a° 1113 p. Bíh BHKopHCTaB *iHMano naM'aTOK, nopyn xpoHiKH AiwapTOJia — MopaBCBKi flacepejia, nepeKa3H, hkícb nn-ceMHi MaTepiHJiH Ta, MaôyTb, enoc. Ictophhhhh BHKJiaa bíh nonra-piOG, CBÍ30M0 nepexoflHHH Bia icTopii nepKOBHoi no cbítcbkoí. Bíh, 3aaeTbca, n,ÍKaBHTbCH 3aranbHHMH nHTaHHaMH icTopnnHoro po3BHT-Ky PycH, Kyan ßijibine, mac noro nonepeaHHKH. HoMy MoaceMO npn-nncaTH BHBeaeHHa KHa3ÍBCbKo'i aKHacTÜ Bia „Bapariß", ayMKH npo noxoaJKeHHa PycH, BHeceHHa b TeKCT a°rOBopÍB 3 rpenaMH. Ha ma-CTaBi imx aoroBopiß bíh BHnpaBaac CTapnö tôkct aiTonncy, aoßiaaB-HiHca, mp Oaer 6yB KHa3eM, a He nnnie bocboaoio Iropa, hk ne cto-1Tb y CTapiň HOBropoacbKin peaaKn.il. y BCTyni ao jiiTonncy bíh onn-cyc po3cejieHHa njieMeH nicaa noTony. HoMy HaaeatHTb, MaôyTb, i CTHaicTHHHa oöpoöna CTapiuiHX nacTHH aÍTonncy. OcTaHHio oÖpoÖKy aicTaB aÍTonnc ßia nepenncyBana, BHayöenb-Koro iryMeHa CnabBecTpa. JlÍTonnc noTpanHB ao BnayoenbKoro Ma-HacTHpa, 60 KHH3ÍBCTBO HacTynHB BoaoaHMHp MoHOMax, a Bnay-öeuBKHH MaHacTHp, 36yaoBaHHÔ íioro 6äTbKOM BeeBOJioaoM, 6yB iniJikHO 3B'a3aHHÔ 3 MoHOMaxoBoio poaHHOio. 3po3yMÍao, mo CHat-BecTp BHKHHyB 3 npani HecTopa MaTepiaa, mp cnpHHTaHBO ocbít-aioBaB aiflnbHÍCTb BoporiB BoaoaHMHpa, 30KpeMa kh. CBHTonojiKa. MaôyTb, CnatBecTp BCTaBHB y BHKJiaa i icTopiio KHH3a BacnnbKa, 3a aKoro BCTynHBca MoHOMax. Maöyrb, CnabBecTp ycTäBHB i ono-BiaaHHa npo noflopoac anocToaa AHapia Ha Pycb, 60 HecTip y cbo-ejay ,,3Khtíí" Bopnca Ta Tjiiöa BiaKnaac nyMKy, iqo Ha Pycb npn-xoaHB hkhhcb anocToa, Toai hk MoHOMax niaHyBaB anocToaa AHapia Ta ÔyaysaB ňoMy npHCBHHem nepKBH. Moace CnabBecTpoBi 3aBaHny-GMo h Te, mp a° JiiTonncy noTpannan ,,3i6paHÍ TBopn" BononnMHpa MoHOMaxa. KpiM CnjibBecTpoBoro cnncKa, Maeiao me á íhuiho (InaTÍBCbKHH 3 aonoBHeHHHM ao poKy 1110-1118). Hh oôpoOKa — b ayci npHH3HÍ ao MoHOMaxoBoi poaHHH, aoa&Ho KiabKa 3anncÍB npo 6aTbKa Boao-aHMHpoBoro BceBoaoaa Ta Soro poaHHy, npo aiHJIbHiCTIj CHHa Boao-aHMHpoBoro CB. McTHcaaBa b HoBropoai, KiabKa apiOHHX nonpaBOK, a KpiM Toro KiabKa 3anncÍB, inp noxoaHTb MoaínHBo HaBÍTb 3-nia ne-pa caMoro McTHcaaBa aôo 3anHcam 3 noro caiß. Ha oôpoOKa i ifle-oaorinHo 6aH3bKa ao MHpoaioÖHHX oöpoooK 1073 Ta 1093 pp. Hi iaeaaH BianoBiaaan CBÍToranaoBi caMoro khh3h BoaoaHMHpa. 7. BaaoiHBi Ta ijiKaBi npoôaeMH jiiTepaTypHHX a>Kepeji JiiTonH-cy. Ha a^HKi 3 HHX BKa3aH0 BHme. 3oKpeMa BaacjiHBi b aiTonnci peniTKH BTpaneHHx cTapoyKpamcbKHx TBopiB, Hanp., nepmriBCbKHX Ta 3axiaHbo-yKpaÍHCbKHx jiÍTonHcÍB a6o íhuihx TBopiB. He MoacHa 3 neBHicTK) cKa3aTH, hh onoßiaaHHH Ta cafH npo aoxpncTHHHCBKi na- 120 ch Ta TMyTopoKaHb 3ano3HneHÍ 3 nncamix nn ycHHx aacepeji (hhb. „/JoicTopHHHa floöa", B. 1-5). JIÍTonHcnj moivih KopncTaTHCH enin-hhmh nepeKa3aMH a6o nicHHMH (najii I. 2k.). Ajie ine n,ÍKaBÍine nnraHHH npo tí Micnn, mp ix OMHHyjiH ni3-híhií jiÍTonncn,i. B neHKHx BrniaflKax mohícmo homíthth cjiíhh TaKHX nponycKÍB. TaK hí6h CKpecjieHÍ pÍ3HÍ nonpoÔHiji, mp 3acBÍflnyBaJiH icHyBaHHH nopyn nHHacTÜ" PiopHKa-Iropa íhhihx BapH3bKnx a6o ö cjiob'hhcbkhx aHHacTÍH, Hanp., y nepeBJíHH, y nojionbicy Tomp. JJpHKÍ BKa3ÍBKH Ha ÍCHyBaHHH KHH3ÍB He-„PlOpHKOBHHÍB" 3aJIHIHH- jihch b CTapoMy HOBropo^CBKOMy Ta neHKHX íhihhx nÍ3HÍniHx jiíto-nncax. JJpyroio tcmok), mp íl, 3naeTBc.h, cbíhomo OMHHaJiH nÍ3HÍiri jiÍTonHcn;i, ycyBaionn 3ranKH npo He'í, g xphcthhhctbo Ha Pyci ho BojioHHMHpa Ta xphcthhhctbo, ne 3B'H3aHe 3 rpen.ÍGio. Jlnnie 3 3a-xin.HÍx nJKepeji HaM bíromo npo 3hochhh kh. Ojitrn 3 Phmom (ro nei HaBÍTb BHixaB KaTOJiHUibKHH cnncKon), npo nocojibCTBO nann ho BojioHHMHpa, npo KaToJiHutKoro cnncKona b CßHTonojiKa „OicaHH-Horo". G nincTaBH ranara, mp 6para BojioHHMHpa BejíHKoro, inp khhíkhjih nepen hhm, Ojier Ta -HponojiK, ôyjin xpncTHHHaMH a6o Ma- jih CHMnaTÜ ho XpHCTHHHCTBa. Ha ÍCHyBaHHH XpHCTHHH y Khgbí h° BojioflHMHpa HaTHKac i jiiTonHC. Hanp., khhhh „ímijín oxone" xpn- CTHTHCH, HK „BOHH paHÍIHe ÔyjIH HaBHeHÍ" TOIUO. HÍCJIH OXpHinpHHH 988 p. b Khgbí He öyjio rpenbKOÍ icpapxil a?K ho naciß flpocjiaßa. Ajie icpapxin icHyBajia i Ha Pycb npHÍnnjia cjioß'HHCbKa nepKOBHa jiiTepaTypa, HaneBHe, He bíh rpeiÚB. G h^hkí niflCTaBH npraiycKara, mo qepKOBHa icpapxin mí>k 988-1037 pp. Öyjia ÔojirapcbKa. Ajie jii-TonHc oMHHae i np nHTaHHH! HaneBHe, BHnymeiio i hchkhh íhhihh MaTepinji, mp He BinnoBi-HaB norjiHHaivr Ta TeHneHn,ÍHM nÍ3HÍmnx jiÍTonHcn,ÍB. Mojkjihbí npn-nyinpHHH npo me ne^Ki CKpecjiemiH b CTapinioRiy tckctí. 8. Mn BHCe 03HaÍÍOMHJIHCH 3 BHCOKHMH JlÍT6päTypHHMH hkocthmh CTaporo JiiTonncy. IHpno Soro 3MÍCTy, to TyT He Micnp oi^ÍHioBaTH HaHSBHnaÔHe ôaraTCTBo (paKTHHHHX BinoMOCTefi, mo BÍH nonac; icTopHKH MOJKyTb nacTO TÍJibKH uiKOHyBara, inp nonaHO íx CKyno. Ajie Han3BH*iaHHo HÍKaBmi iňeojioriiHHÍi 3míct jiíto-nncy. Abtoph JiiTonncy noflaiOTb nepuiy, xon 6h i npHMiTHBHy koh-npnn,iio icTopHHHoro po3BHTKy PycH. H.h KOHnennm, He 3BaHcaionH Ha neBHi yxHjín ho rpeKO(pijibCTBa Ta OHHoSinHO-HHHacTHHHoro no-rjiHHy, e KOHnenijiH, HKa bhxohhtb 3 nepeKOHaHHH, mo Pycb 3flaT-Ha ho caMocTiíiHoro nojiřraHHoro Ta icTopHHHoro ÍCHyBaHHH. JJochtb nopiBHHTH mo KOHnpnn,iio 3 ocBÍTjieHHHM BÍ3aHTÍncbKo'í icTopiorpa- (piľ, mO BBaíKaG BCi ÍHHIÍ HapOHH HeCaMOCTÍHHHMH nacTHHaMH BÍ3aH- TiScbKoro CBÍTy, — JJp Toro öijibniicTb aBTopiß JiiTonncy 3yMÍjin niflHeCTHCH HO TaKHX npOBÍHHHX HyMOK, mO HÍHCHO ÔyjIH n03HTHB- 121 hum ineojioriHHHM HanöaHHHM cTapopycbKoi noaiTHHHoi* CB130MOC-th, — ne iaea MnpoaioÖHoro cniBacHTTH HHcaeHHHx khh3Íb Ta inea coiiiaabHo'í cnpaBe^aHBocTH cynpoTH MicbKoro Ta nonacTH i ciascB-Koro HaceaeHHH, aKe TBopnao ocHOBy MaTepiaabHoro apöpoöyTy KpaiHH. monpaBna, uti nyMJCH BHcaoBaem nonacTH 3ochtb Hepiuiyne Ta nopyn hhx e TaKoac nHMaao icTopHHHO oÖMeaceHHX Ta noai-THHHO By3bKHx noraaaiß. Bce ac MaeMo bcí niacTaßH bhcoko oi^íhhth aixonnc He anuie hk naM'aTKy aiiepaTypHy, aae i hk naM'aTKy no-aiTHHHo'i ineoaorii CTapnx naciß Ha yicpami. 3K. E noc 1. Ha acaab, BeaHKa nacTHHa CTapoI aiTepaTypn BTpaneHa n.aa Hac itjjikom. Xlo BTpaT HaaeacHTb cTapnä enoc. Bce at MoacaHBo, xon i anuie nynce 3araabHo, yaBHTH co6i, hkí caMe TBopn BxonnaH b CKJian Hboro 3aHHKaoro raryHicy CTapoí aiTeparypn. HesHi bhc-hobkh MoaceMo 3poÔHTH mpao 3MÍcTy — cioaceTÍB Ta TeM cTaporo enocy. Bace 3aaeKo Baacne cKasara mpcb neBHe npo öoro CTHab, MOBy, MHCTeiibice o6po6aeHHa, aBTopiB. /JacepeaoM 3aa BCTaHOBaeHHH TeMaTHKH CTaporo enocy g, 3 03-Horo 6oKy, aiTonncH. B hhx 3aHeceH0 HHMaao nepeKa3ÍB, mo 3b'h-3aHÍ 3 crapHM enocoM. JXo Toro nonacTH h;íhhí 3anHcn no3aioTb nÍ3HÍ nÍBHÍHHo-cxiaHÍ, pociocbKÍ aÍTonHCH (16 ct.), Hanp., t. 3B. ,,HÍKOHOBCbKHH". Ta HaHBaacaHBÍuiHM aacepeaoM g pocincbKÍ TaK 3B. ,,6HaHHH" (Ha3Ba, BHraaaHa b 19 ct., Hapon, 3Be íx — „CTapHHH"). íle eninm nicHi, hkí 6yan bíakphtí HayKoio Bnepnie b 19 ct. Ha pocÍHCbKiíi niBHoni, aae akí 3oacnaH ň 30 HaniHx 3híb, Maöace Ha bcíh TepHTOpii, 3aOHaTÍH pociaHaMH. „CTapHHH" — iie nicHi npo ,,6araTHpiß", BeaHKoio Mipoio 3ß'fl3aHi ronoBHe 3 Khgbom Ta KHH3eM ,,Boao3HMHpoM KpacHHM CoHenKOM". Ule 3 17-18 ct. niümao Kiab-Ka 3anHcÍB „CTapHH", aae b npo30BHX nepepoönax. JXem,o 3 cxiaHbo-caoB'aHCbKoro enocy nepenmao HaBÍTb 30 enocy 3axi3Hbo-eßpo-neöcbKoro. 2. nocTac nHTaHHH, BÍ3KÍaa 30 CTapHH noTpannan 3ra3KH npo CTapy yKpaiHy. Tenep CTapHH HeMac Ha yicpami, am b Biaopyci. Aae MacMo 30Ka3H, mo TeMH Ix cTapi Ta iup b Kpaím cBoro nocTaH-Ha, Ha yicpalm, bohh BHMepan anuie b 16-17 ct., BHTHCHem hobhm THnoM enocy, „3yMaura". JJ,aBHÍCTb enocy 30B03HTb 36epeaceHHH b HbOMy cnan CTapoBHH-HHx nospoÔHiib: iMeH, reorpacpiHHHX Ha3B, abOKaabrorx (cTenoBHÔ neíÍ3aac) xa noßyTOBHx apiÔHHiib. OTace, Tpe6a npimycTHTH, inp H,i no3po6Hiii, aK ne cnocTepiracMO b pÍ3HHx Hapo3ÍB, 3Ôeperaa Hapo3- 122 Ha na&ťHTfc, i MycHMO uiyKara icTopnnHoro nin,KJian,y nofliö, inp ix onHcyiOTfc cTapHHH. Haööijibuia 3acjiyra b bíhkphttí nboro icTopnn-Horo ninKJiany HaJiejKHTB BceBOJionpßi MijiJiepoBi Ta öoro hikojií, a yKpaÍHctKHH MaTepiaji HaörpyHTOBHinie oopoÔHB M. rpynieBCbKHH. BCTaHOBHBHIH ÍCTOpHMHHH niflKJiafl CynaCHHX CTapHH, MOJKeMO ÍHOflí xon 6h npHÖJiH3Ho flaTyBaTH ix nocTaHHíi, 60 nacTo fine MOBa npo nonľi a6o TaKi non,po6Hn,i onoßinaHHH, mp He MorjiH noBro yTpu-MaTHCH b HapoflHiö naM'jrri. Ajie tpopMa enocy, 3BHnaäHo, 3aTepTa nÍ3HÍlHHMH 3MÍHaMH. noTBepjj;>KyK)Tb icHyßaHHH CTaporo enocy Ha yitpami CTapi sraflKH npo „cnißniß". Ix HHMajio, xoa ypHBnacTÍ i He 3aBJKjj,H nepe-kohjihbí. „Cjiobo o nojiKy Iropeßi" 3ran,ye „rrECHOTBopnH" Eoíraa, noflaiOHH HaBÍTb iMeHa khh3Íb, mo bíh ix ocnißyBaB. raJiHUbKO-Bo-jiHHCbKHÖ jiÍTonac 3ran,ye „cjioByxHoro cnißn,ii" MHTycy. TaM caMO 3ran,aHo, mo npa noBopoTi nepeMOJKHoi BHnpaßH npoTH HTßariß kh. ^aHHjia Ta BacHJibica ,,nt»CHb cjiaßHy nonxy HMa" (cnißajiH 060M cjiaBHjibHy nicmo). lipo Tam nicHi Ha yKpaim 3ran,ye i JXjiyťom. Ro Toro icHyßaß enoc i b cycin,iß Ta Hapon,ÍB, KyjibTypHO 3ß'H3aHHX 3 Khgbom: y BÍ3aHTÍfin,íb (TeMa onHoro 3 TaKHX eninHHX TBopiB — npnronH .HiťeHica, n,hb. EKCKypc I. 6.), y CKaHnmaBiß (flßa íxhí cniß-n,i, „CKajibflH", noöyßajiH npn nBopi Hpocjiaßa). B eninHHx nepeKa-3ax 3ycTpinaGMo 3ran,kh npo Khíb Ta Cxinino Eßpony B3arajii ■— y noJioBHÍB, mo npo ix enoc g 3ran,KH b raJinnbKO-BojiHHCbKOMy jii-Tonnci (cnißenb Op, onoBinaHHji npo „GBinaH-3ÍJiJiH"), y peniTKÍB foTÍB y KpHMy (3ranam n,i nicHi b „Cjiobí o nojiny Iropeßi"). G cjií-hh icHyßaHHH enocy i b cTapifi flyxoBHifi JiiiepaTypi. 3ran,KH b nepeKJiaflHHx Tßopax, po3yMÍGTbca, HenepeKOHjiHBi, ajie KnpHJio TypißCbKüfi (12 ct.) npoTHCTaBJíHG ,,jiiTonHcn,iß" „nic-HOTBopn,íiM" (noeTaM, cnißDjHM), 111,0 „npHCJiyxaioTbCH 30 bogh Ta 6htb n;apÍB míjk coóok>, iupô" cjioBaMH npHKpacHTH Te, mo nonyiOTb, Ta npocjiaBHTH thx, xto cmíjihbo cJiyJKHB (xpaöpoBaßniaii) CBOGMy napeßi. . ., Ta ix BHCJiaBjíaioHH, BmnaiOTb noxßajiaMH". Hkiiío ne Ha-bítb HacjimyBaHHfl rpenbKoro B3ipn,fl, to Tpe6a naM'sTara, mo Kh-pHjio BHnycfcaB 3 cboíx B3Ípn,íb peni, nyad fioro cjiyxanaM! CaMi cjioBa „xpaöpoBaTH", „xpaöpi^" BHCHBajiHca BjiacHe npo ,,6araTHpÍB" — eniHHHx repoi'B (TaK y HecTopa b hchtíí «3>eonpciíi). JXjih Hac HaHBajKJiHBime, mo nepeKa3H npo ,,6araTHpÍB" hojkh-jih Ha YKpai'Hi n.o 16-18 ct. „HeTba" 1489 p. 3i cbogio HaniBHapoa,-hok) MOB010 (flHB. III) 3ranyG ,,6araTHpÍBM (xpaßpiß). Ha nonaTicy 15 ct. öijiopyc CKopHHa 3Be öiöjiiiraoro CaMCOHa „öararapeM". nojib-CbKHÍí nncbMeHHHK CapmiibKHfi 3ranyG b „Onnci nojibini" (1585) noxoBaHHX y KHÍBCbKHX nenepax ôaraTnpiB (bohatiros), fioro 3eMjiHKr xpoHÍCT Mapn,ÍH EejibCbKHfi noBTopioe Ty caMy 3BÍCTKy. ni3HÍnie mi- 123 nie npo n,e noaaK HoraH repömiö, mp b CBoeMy jiaTHHCbKOMy oimei „niH3eMHoro KneBa" (1675) 3raaye, mp bíh HHTaB npo np b khh3í „Flos Polonicus" (HiopHÖepr, 1666). TaKi 3bíctkh xoahjih i y pociaH (16 ct.). ToaoBHe — 3ranyiOTh i iMeHa „öaraTHpiß" — tí caMi, mo ix 3ycTpiaaeMO b cyaacHHX CTapnHax! IIoabCbKHH nncBMeHHHK M. Pen 3ranyG KHÍBCbKoro „SaaaMyTa Hypnay" („Zwierzyniec" 1562), Toro caMoro ^ypnay 3raaye i Kjilohobhh („Worek Judaszów" II, 1600). 1574 p. khhhhh KiMÍTa HopHo6HabCbKHÍí b jihctí ao öiaopyca BoaoBHaa, MÍpKyioan npo »ajnorinHHH cTäH Iloabmi, nnme: „Ilpnä-pe aac, Koan ôype Tpeöa Iaii MypaBaeroiHa i Coaoßia ByAHMHpoBH-aa". 1594 p. BiABiflaB Khí'b aBCTpiěcbKHH nocoa Epix Jlacoia, b cb. Cocpii i bíh 6aaHB Mornay „Iaii MypaBaHHa", aKoro 3ByTb „ôara-THpeM (bogater) Ta npo aKoro po3noBÍAaiOTb öaraTO Ka30K, Tyr noxo-BaHO i „noro TOBapmna". B IleaepcbKiH aaBpi JlacoTa öaaHB Momi „BeaeTHa Ta ÖaraTHpa" HoÖOTKa (Czobotko). KaabHodpiScbKHH (1638) 3ranye, mp Hoöotkom 3ByTb cb. Iaaio, noxoBaHoro b neaepax, npo aKoro onoBÍaaioTb hk npo BeaeTHa. Momi Iaai öaaHB i mockob-cbkhh CBHineHHK JlyK'aHOB 1701 p. IcHyBaaH i o6pa3KH Iaai (inra-xh, BHroTOBaeHi pjin bh^aHHa üaTepHKa 1650 p.). G ií íhuií 3raflKH. 3aaeTBca, TpaAHn,ii CTaporo enocy 3arHHyan anine b 17 bíijí, bh-THCHem HOBHM enocoM, t. 3B. „ayMaMH" (ahb. IV). 3. HeacHO, an 6yB CTapim enoc cnoaaTKy enocoM npHAßopHHM KHH3ÍBCBKHM (,,cnÍBii,i", npo hkhx MaGMO 3raAKH, Bei 6yan cniBnaMH KHH3ÍB) hh HapoAHHM. AHaaorii 3axiAHi, a noaacra ik cxíahí npo-MOBaaiOTB 3a Te, mp enoc Maß nocTara hk noe3ia BHinpi BepcTBH i anine 3 aacoM „niAynacTH", cnycTHTHca ao aerKOBaacHoi noe3Íi „cko-MopoxiB", a Aaai h ao HapoAHHX Kia, pe noro 3ycTpmeMO Bace b 16- 17 ct. Tenep 3HaxoAHMo peuiTKH enocy amne cepeA ceaaHCTBa. 3aô-ôiabina Hocii CTapHH — pnôaaKH, ciabCBKi peMicmncn, HaBÍTb ace6-paKH Tomo. 3a 3MÍCT0M peniTKH enocy MoaceMo noAÍaHTH Ha i^hkjih. Po3-raaHBMo ix 3a nopaAKOM. 4. PeuiTKH AoxpHCTHaHCbKoro enocy Heancaem Ta He inaKOM acHi. CepeA repo'íb 3ycTpiaaeM0 Boabry a6o Boaxa BcecaaBHaa. CTapHHH po3noBÍAaK)Tb npo 1) ôoro aynecHe nopoAaceHHa 6e3 6aTb-Ka, 2) npo noro HayKy aapoAÍHHHn,TBa — nepeKHAaTHca pÍ3HHMH TBapHHaMH, 3) npo íioro MHcaHBCbKe BMiHHa, 4) npo aapiBHe 3aBo-lOBaHHa HHM 3 ooro apy>khhoio íHAiHCbKoro napcTBa, 5) npo 3ycTpia ííoro 3 ceaaHHHOM-6araTHpeM Mnicyaoio. Cane iM'a Boabra HaraAye ABOX repoiB CTapoi KHiBCbKoi icTopii — Oaera Ta Oabry. Oaer, 3a JiÍTOnncoM „BiiinaS", OTace aapiBHHK, Mir pa,Tn oCHOBy Aaa TeM 2, 4, Moace Aaa 1-oi (npHraAaeMO, inp Oaer hí6h b3hb IlapropoA, nocTaBHB- nm CBoI Kopaojii Ha KOJieca). TeMa 3 CKopiuie 3B'H3aHa 3 Ojitroio, npo MHCJiHBCTBo jikoí' g jiÍTonHCHÍ 3raflKH (11 ct.). TeMa 5, HaneBHe, nÍ3HH, XOH G B HÍH CTapi pHCH (KHH3L CaM 13flHTb 3ÔHpaTH nOflaTKH- „flaHb"), Kpama b híh 3o6pa»ceHa niBHÍHHa. — Hobíthí cnpoôn 6a-HHTH b Bojit3Í BcecjiaBHHeßi kh. noJionbKoro BcecjiaBa, naKJiyHa i BOBKyjiaKy, Mene He nepeKOHyiOTb. 5. BoJIOflHMHp, KHlBCbKHH KHH3b, IHO HOrO 3yCTpÍHaGMO b 6ÍJIb-UIOCTÍ CTapHH, g B fleÄKHX BHnaflKaX BoJIOflHMHp BeJIHKHH. JlfiŘ KHfl3b b CTapHHax ocoôa nacHBHa: y hlcto Jinnie „mrpyíOTb" 6ara-THpi. Ta npo rocTHHH BojioflHMHpa 3ran,ye i jiiTonnc HecTopa, i Lna-pioH, i nÍ3HÍ jiÍTonHCH, i HaBÍTb HÍMei^bKHH jíiTonHceub TiTMap Mep-3e6yp3bKHH:. B CTapHHax 3ycTpinaeMO ň ím'a poflH^ia BojioflHMHpa, JJpôpHHi, BinpMe 3 JiÍTonHCÍB. B CTapHHax bíh: 1) no6HBae 3míh, 2) 3bíjiíhhg Bifl 3míh Heöory BojioflHMHpa 3a6aBy IlyTjiTHHHy. KpiM Toro, 3ra-flycTLCH, mp JJpôpHHa: 3) Kynaeibca b prnqi nonaSm, 4) 3flo6y-Bae jKÍHKy BojioflHMHpoBi, 5) 3flo6yBac BojioflHMHpoBi BOfly. TeMH 1, 3 Ta 5, 6e3yMOBHO, 3B'a3aHÍ 3 thm, mo ,Hp6pHHH 6paB aK-THBHy y^acTb b oxpHinpHHi HOBropoflii,íb pa30M 3 IlyTHTOK) (TeMa 2). KynaHHH — chmboji oxpHHieHHH, Tea< floôyBaHHH boah; 3míh — chm-boji noraHCTBa (nop. ,,cbhthx-3míg6opi^íb"). B pi*mi ľloHaHHi (TeMa 3) oxpHHi,eHO khhh. TeMa 4 Mae napajiejii b Ka3Kax Ta nÍ3HÍx jiiTonHcax. ,7J!o6pHHH-cBaT HajieacHTb hí6h ao iHfloeBponeöcbKoi Tpa-flHnii nepeKa3ÍB (HiôejnoHrn). OflHH nepeKa3 BoJioflHMHpoBoro iníKJiy 36epirca b jiiTonnci Ta b cynacHHX Ka3Kax: n;e — Ka3Ka npo „KOHcyM'HKy", mp noöopoB bo-poacoro BejieTHH, nepeKa3 aHajiorÍHHHH flo po3noBcioflMceHHx y pi3-HHx HapofliB (Hanp., .ZJaBHfl Ta rojiiíKp). JIítohhchhh nepeKa3, mojk-jihbo, MimaHCbKHÔ'. KHflHca flpyatHHa HÍHoro He Morjia baíhth Be-jieTHeBÜ B jiiTonHCHOMy onoBÍAaHHi ÖaraTO aJiiTepairifi. 6. B íhhihx BraiaflKax Bojioahmhp CTapHH — paflnie MoHOMax, mo JIHHie B nÍ3HÍÍÍ TpaflHHľi 3JIHBCH 3 , ,BoJIOflHMHpOM KpaCHHM Co- HeHKOM". rionyjiHphhh cioaceT nboro nHKJiy: 6opoTb6a Ajibonii (OjieKcaHflpa) IIonoBHHa 3 TyrapHHOM 3mígbhh6m, 1) mcoro Ajibo-Hia nepeMir, 2) TyrapHH, cnpHHTejiK)BaBniHca 3 jkíhkoio Bojioahmh-pa OnpaKciGK), npoBOAHB nac Ha KHaacoMy flBopi. TyrapHH — ne, 6e3yMOBHO, nojioBeiibKHH xaH — Tyrop-XaH, 3 flOHbKoio HKoro ofl-pyHtHBCH KH. CBflTonojiK KHÍBCbKHH. Tyrop-XaH nonaB 1096 p. BiÖHy npoTH pycbKHX KHH3ÍB, ajie BojioflHMHp MoHOMax po3ÖHB Soro BÍH-CbKO. Tyrop-XaH HaKjiaB tojioboio ia noxoBajín ňoro b Khgbí. C ni3-Hinii 3BÍCTKH (3flaGTbCfl, jieťeHAapm) npo pa3aHCbKoro „öaraTHpa" BjKe 13 ct., Ajiboiuy ITonoBH^a. Orace, b h,íh cTapHHi 3jihto KijibKa icTopHHHHX nofliä Ta oci6. 125 ,ZJo6pe 36epe>KeHHH ciOHceT y piaKifi CTapimi npo Tjiioa Bojione-BH^a, mo 3BÍJiBHioe nia KopcyHeM Kopaßjii, 3aTpnMaHi KHHrHHeio MapHHKOK» KaoflajiiBHOK). IJe — BiaryK nepeMora Hafl KopcyHHHa&iH me MOJIOflOrO BojIOnHMHpa pa30M 3 HOBrOpoaCBKHM KHH3eM TjliÖOM 1077 p. „MapHHKa" n,e MapHHa MmnieK, jKiHKa uapn /JiviHTpa „Ca-M03BaHii;h", inp yBiiffliJia b CTapimy, MaöyTB, y 17 ct. IcTopHHHHÔ ciojKeT Mac h cxapHHa npo CTaBpa roflHHOBiiaa, 3a-apeuiTOBaHoro kh. BojioflHMnpoM Ta 3BÍjiBHeHoro BjiacHOio jkíhkoio, mp npmxajia no KncBa b HOJioBi^oRiy BÖpaHHi. lipo apeurr HOBro-poacBKoro nocjia CTaBpa MoHOMaxoM onoBiflae jiiTonnc 1118 p., 30 uiei noflii i npnen,HaBCH Ka3K0BHfi cKweT. Ihiuí ciOHceTH, 3B'íi3aHÍ 3 MoHOMaxoM, HeBHflaTHi: n,e — CTapn-Ha npo Ko3apHHa (ím'h icTopHHHe, 1106 p.), mp 3bíjibhhb nojioHííHKy Ta npo Te, hk kíhb ^epmriBCBKoro Kynnn IßaHa neperaaB Hafijiin-moro kohh BojioflHMHpa (npo cjiaBeTHHX kohch MoHOMaxa ine b 16-17 ct. po3noBÍflajiH MaHjj;pÍBHHKOBÍ ITeTpeeBi b Mockbí. CaM BoJionn-Mnp y cnoraaax xapaKTepn3yG ceöe, hk jiK)6nTejiH KOHefi). B o6ox CTapHHax cTaBjíeHHH 30 BojioflHMHpa TpoxH ipoHÍHHe: moíkjihbo, inp BOHH He KHiBCBKoro noxoflHíeHHH (nepnia MOJKe HosroponcbKa, Apy-ra — ^epHiriBCbKa). 7. 3naGThCH, inp CTapHHH npo HaSnonyjinpHinioro repon, „Ijijiio MypoMH.H" KepHiriBCbKoro noxoflHceHHH. Ijijiio 3raayG HaBÍTB 3axifl-Ht.oeBponeHCi.KHH enoc (HÍMen.BKa noeMa „OpTHia" Ta HopBe3BKa ca-ťa npo TinpeKa). Jlenße hh bíh 3 „MypoMy", npoBÍHn;ÍHHoro niBHÍM-HO-cxiflHBoro MicTa. B cTapHX 3raflKax, 30KpeMa HyncHHeuBKHx, bíh — MypoBjíHH, MypoBenB, MypaBHUB, y Kmíth (ahb. bhiup 2) — MypaBjíe-HHH. íle pafluie, hk i íhuií reorpacpinm Ha3BH b CTapnHax npo Ijijiio, Ha-B'H3ycTBCH a o HepHiriBinHHH — MicTa „MopaBCBKa" a6o „MopoBiS-CBKa" (MeHin ímobíphhô 3b'h3ok 3 3anojinpHHM MypMaHCBKOM). üepniHH hhh Ijijií: 1) 3BÍJiBHeHHH HepmroBa bía TaTap, inp b CTapn-Hax 3aMÍHHJiH íhihhx cTenoBHKÍB, 2) bíh nepeMarae Cojiob'h-Po3-ôinHHKa, inp chahtb Ha 12 nyôax, 3) npHB03HTB ôoro 30 KncBa, ae 3aÓHBaG a6o 3a CTapiniHMH nepeKa3aMH nycKac Ha bojiio, 4) bh3bo-jihg Kh'íb bía „IaoJiHina IlaraHoro". Mothbh 1 Ta 2 3ß'H3aHi 3 Hep-HiriBinHHOio (g TaM i cejio „/^cb'htb /^y6ÍB"). 3-iô mothb HaraayG jiÍTonHCHi onoBiaaHHH npo po36iÖHHKa MoryTy 3a naciß Bojioahmh-pa BejíHKoro. 4-hS BaHCKO 3B'H3aTH 3 neBHOio icTopOTHOio noaicio. ni3HÍme no Ijijií npHB'H3ajiocH KÍJiBKa Ka3KOBHX mothbíb, m. íh. npa-CTapHH npo aBooiíí 3 chhom (ahb. „.ZJoicTopH^ma ao6a" T. 3). ni3HÍme HapoAHa BejíHKopocificBKa Tpaannin 3poÔHjia Ijijiio CTapHM CeJIHHHHOM, K03aKOM TOLTjp. 8. 3 íhuihx repoiB CTaporo enocy iriKaBHH me CojiOBen Byan-MHpoBHH — cniBeiiB 3-3a Mopn, inp npHÍ3AHTB ao KncBa, ôyayc TyT 126 najiaií, mo 3anÍKaBHB naeMÍHHHino BoaoanMHpa, 3a6aBy (ähb. BUiuß 5), ana npHxonHTB 30 HLoro. Kment y pÍ3HHX BapiaHTax pÍ3HHÔ: LJojioBeö oapyacycTbca 3 3a6aßoio, ÍHoai nicaa aoßroi BincyTHocTH, noBepTaiOHHca ao KHGBa b toö momcht, Koaa 11 Bace Bia,aaiOTB 3a ko-rocB imnoro. B niä CTapHHÍ, inp Mae a,yace rapHi 3anncaHÍ BapiaH-TH, xoTiaH SaaaTH BiaryKH cBaTaHHa po rohbkh HpocaaBa Myapo-ro, GaacaBeTH, rapaatna CMiaHBoro, aKOMy eBponefícbKa aereHfla npmiHcye rapumí Bipni (CoaOBeö Teac „cnÍBenh") npo öoro HeBaaae CBaTaHHH. 3 SancaBeToio bíh Bce ac oapyacHBCa. Oiace, cioaceT CTa-pHHH BÍn,noBÍnae po neBHol MÍpn aificHocTÍ. IleBHi pncn CTapan nÍKa-bí; oithc Kopaôaa CoaoB'a Haraayc CKaHamaBCBKÍ KopaÖai; Coao-Beä — Kynent — n,e pefpaeKC BeciatHoi CHMBoaÍKH. OKpeMÍ reorpa-ťpiaHi iMeHa — oaaTÍHCBKÍ Toinp. Aae yTOToaceHHa CoaoB'a 3 Ta-paataoM Bce ac rmoTeraaHe. JJeaKÍ cioaceTH oKpeMHx MÍcneBHX cať 3Öepir aÍTonnc a6o cy-aacHi HäM nepeKa3H. 3 aÍTonncmix nmaBe onoBiaaHHa npo flBoSiii TMyropoKaHCBKoro k Ha 3a McTHcaaBa 1022 p. 3 KaBKa3BKHM BeaeT-HeM Peapaeio (MaHapißHHH cioaceT). JlrroroiCHHH tckct niKaBiiři hhc-aeHHHMH aaÍTepaniaMH. iHuie onoßiaaHHH arronncy, hbd Teac Mae CTapoBHHHHÖ xapaKTep i aepe3 ne ao3Boaae npnnycKaTH, inp boho 3anHcane Ha niacTaBÍ eniannx TBopiß (nicent?), n,e onoBiaaHHa npo BÍHHy Hpocaaßa 3 CßaTonoaKOM (1016-1019 pp.). upHKaaan aaÍTe-pan;iň i TyT — ancaeHHÍ. BocBoaa HpocaaBa ray3ye 3 BoaecaaBa IIoabCBKoro, coK)3HHKa CßaTonoaKa: TO Ľfi T06Í npOÔ'GMO TpiCKOK) T-T-t apeBO TBOG TOBCTe . . . T-T BÍHCBKa -— niman npoTH ce6e i noKpnan noae n-n-n-n CßaTonoaK btík: i hk bíh 6ir, Hanas Ha Htoro 6ic. . . 6-6 rHaHHH EoacHÍM thíbom, r-r npnóir y nycTeaio n-n EniaHÍ eaeMeHTH 3ycTpmeMo aac po Kimja 11 BÍKy (I. G. 3.) b ono-BiaaHHHx aiTonncy (Hanp., npo BÍinry HpocaaBa 3 McTHcaaBOM, 1024, BiÖHy 1097 p. Toinp). 9. CneiíiaabHHH imepec Mac 3raaKa b „CaoBÍ o noaKy IropeBÍ" npo cnÍBna aacÍB Hpocaaßa, Boana. Abtop „CaoBa" 3raayG HaBÍTB TeMH áoro TBopÍB. IIoaacTH BOHH HaM BÍaoMÍ: Bohh cnißaB npo pbo-6m McTHcaaßa 3 Peaeaeio, npo HpocaaBa (anB. BHine 8), npo „Kpac-Horo PoMaHa CßaTocaaBHaa", npo aKoro b aÍTonnci aimie KopoTKa 3raaKa. Abtop „Caoßa", xapaKTepH3yioaH HaRXHeHHH BoaHa, nopiß-hk)g noro 3 coaoBeHKOM, 3 opaoM, 3 bobkom, roBopHTb npo Te, mp 127 noro CTpyHH 6pHHÍjiH caMi C060KJ, HaBOflHTb BoHHOBy npnnoBinKy „BaaíKo To6i, rojioBO, 6e3 njria; 3Jie to6í, tíjio, 6e3 tojiobh" — npo CTaporo Cb HTO c ji a b a, mo 3ajiHnias YKpaiHy jljih. naaeKHx BimpaB. B jiiTonHci TOMy npo Htoro: „*iyacoi 3eMJii niyKaB, a cbogk) HexTy-BaB". HapeniTi pe^eHHH b cthjií Eohhobhx cnißiB: He 6ypa cokojiíb 3aHecjia ^epe3 nojia ninpoKi, CTana rajioK öiaiaTb no JXony BejiHKoro ... Kohí pacyTb 3a Cyjioio, 33BeHHTB cjiaBa b Khgbí, cypMH cypMjiHTb y HoBropofli . .. B irHx peneHHHx öannivro neani pněn noeTHKH BoaHa: bíh yacn-BaB napaaeaÍ3My, no Toro HeraTHBHoro („He ôypa ... 3aHecjia..."), yacHBaB MeTacpop (yKpanmi — cokojih, raaKH — cTenoBHKH), eni-TeTiB („noaa ninpoKi"), aaiTepan.ii („TpyÖH TpyöaaTb"), pHT-MÍ3yBaB MOBy, KopncTyioHHca CHHTaKTHHHHM napajieaÍ3MOM penem, (npyrmi ypHBOK). MoacHa 6yao 6 me Siatine CKa3aTH npo eraab BoaHa, hk6h MaTH neBHicTb, mo me onuH ypHBOK „CaoBa" npo kh. BcecaaBa, cynacHHKa BoaHOBoro, ijHTye caoBa BoaHa a6o Hacaiflye fioro. 10. B Eßponi ne^Ky ynacTb y cKJianaHHi enhHHx TBopiß Bifli-rpaao nyxoseHCTBo. Hlono cTapoyKpamcbKoro enocy, to TyT ne bh-KaioneHa MoacaHBicTb, mo, Hanp., eni^m TBopn npo JXoôpunjo (nHB. BHme 5) Maan naBHinie öiabni peairiÖHe 3a6apBaeHHa. TaK 3Bam „nyxoBHi Bipnii" cyaacHoro cpoaKabopy MaiOTb y co6i pncn phtmí-kh Ta CTHaio 17 ct. npoTe, Hanp., „Bipnia" npo cb. Teopria (KDpia), mo cnoaynae 3 Tpanni^iÖHHM MaTepiaaoM (3míg6opctbo) me onnc Toro, aK cb. lOpifi BHHHmye Ha Yicpaím ahkhx 3BÍpÍB, ohhiit/g niaax no /^HJnpy, BH3Boaac 3 noaoHy cboix cecTep, mo „oôpocan KaTOJinnb-KOK) KopoK)", — MoacaHBo, 6yaa CKaafleHa Ha noniaHy kh. flpocaa-Ba, 3a xpecHHM ím'hm K)pia. Bíh KyabTHByBaB Kpamy, BinKpHB niaax Bin KHGBa no HoBropony, oo'cnHaBinn nin CBOiM npaBaiHHaM o6nn-Ba KHa3ÍBCTBa, BH3B0JIHB 3 noabCbKoro noaoHy cboix cecTep. PeniTKH peairiOHoro 3a6apBaeHHa noMÍTHMO i b neaKHX CTapHHax (ßopoTbßa npOTH noraHCTBa Tomo). Ha n,i pncH 3BepHyB yBary, ro- aOBHHM *ihhom, M. rpyUieBCbKHH. 11. /Jyace HeôaraTo MoaceMo CKa3aTH npo (popMy CTaporo enocy. HeneBHe HaBrrb, hh 6yB bíh BipniOBaHHĚt, xo^i nexTO (H. Tpy-6eiíK0H) 3HaxonHTb y i'x pHTMin,i cainn noxon^KeHHa 3 12-13 ct. „CaoBo o noaKy Iropeßi" — gahhhh TBip, mo niönioB no Hac 3 12 ct. i b nHcaHOMy BHraani He Mae BipnioBaHoí cpopMH. B KoacHOMy pa3i eniHHi TBopH „cnißaan", hk noKa3yiOTb cTapoyKpai'HCbKi 3ranKH Ta 128 ÍHRoeBponeHChKÍ napaaeai. Hkhh 6h He 6yB u,eň „cniß", bíh BHMaraB ne-flKoi pHTMÍ3au;ii MOBH. MoBa 6yaa, HaneBHe, öJinac^a ro toríhihboí noTOHHol MOBH, amac MOBa nHcaHHx TBopiB. MoBa enocy ^acTO óyBae apxai^Ha. Tana h MOBa cynacHHX cTapHH, Re 3ycTpi^aeMo cjioBa, m,o no3a thm 3aHHKJiH, 30KpeMa b mobí pociaH, mp ni CTapHHH cni-BaiOTt: „rpHRHfl" a6o „rpHRHima" (noMeniKaHHa Rpyacnmi, CKaHRi-HaBCbKe cjiobo), „icKonHTB" (cjiír KonHT), „nojieHHH,íi" (mÍHKa-6ara-THp), ,,CTOJibHHH rpaR" (cTOJiHim), „HanojiH" (Haniß), „Ropor pnöiä 3y6" (MopjKOßa kíctb, TaKoac b InaTCBKOMy aiToimci 1160 p.). Ba-raTo CTapHX noRpoÖHUB noöyTy: cpeBRaaBHe HanijieHRH 3eMJiHMH Ta cejiaMH, 36ip nonaTKÍB caMHM khh3cm („noaiORRa"), CTapa 3ôpoa (ayK, CTpian, cnnc toih,o), aaHRina(pT — cTenoBHH (Mornan, TpaBa „KOBHaa", hkoI HeMae Ha iiíbhohí) i t. r. MoaceMo RyMara, mo Ream CTHaicTH^m pncH cynacHHX CTapHH öyan Bace b CTapoMy enoci; n,i caMi pncH 3ycTpinaeMo i b enoci pi3-HHx iHRoeBponeíícBKHx naeMeH, i b „CaoBi o noany IropeBi", i b enin-HHx ^acTHHax aiTonncy. IJe — pacHHÖ yacHTOK eniTeTÍB, noBTopeH-hh peneHB Ta OKpeMHx caiB (y cTapHHax — phrkíb Bipniiß, íhorí 10 hh vi ôiaBHie pa3ÍB), aaÍTepan,ia (b CTapHHax He qacTa), HHCJieHHi nopiBHaHHa, napaaeaÍ3M o6pa3ÍB (MÍcan.B-MoaoRHK Ha He6i ■— Hapo-RaceHHa Boatrn; xMapn — Bopoace bíôcbko), íhorí HeraTHBHHH na-paaeaÍ3M (me He xMapa — n,e bíhcbko), yjnoöaem nepeÔiabineHHH (rinepooan), ^HcaeHHÍ nocTÍHHÍ (popMyan (npnpoRHi b ycHÍíi caoßec-hoctí, noaeruiyiOTB TpHMara BeaHHe3HÍ Tßopn b naM'aTÍ), Hanp., ro-RyBaHHH KOHa, cÍRaaHHfl kohh, cTpiaBÖa 3 ayKa, noaiOBaHHa, npn-BÍTaHHa, 6ir kohh T0IH.O. ripoTe, b CTapHHax He 3ycTpiaacMo ReaKHx (popMya, bíromhx 3 „bíhcbkobhx onoBÍRaHB" aiTonncy (Hanp., yaioô-aeHe: „CTpian — hk Rom", nonaroK 6htbh — „Í3aoMHTH Könne" Toinp), 3a HeôaraTBOMa BHHHTKaMH, — Hanp., öopio^Hca, öararapi CTapiiH ,,6bk)t o 3eMaio" — KHRaiOTB Ha 3eMaK) Bopora, aK Mcthc-aaß PeReRK). IleBHa KiaBKicTB (popMya HaneBHe no3HneHa 3 Ka30K („paHOK MyRpiniHH 3a Benip" Tomo). 3pÍRKa 3ycTpinaeMo innpoKy cHMBoancy: npn HapoRHceHHi BoaBrn, BeaHKoro MHcaHBira, yci raa-pHHH xoBaiOTBca aKHaÖRaai; BoaBra Bace b Koanciji OTo^eHHH 36poeio (noRÍÔHe b „Caoßi o noaKy Iropeßi" npo „KypaH"). HaáacKpaBiine CßiRaaTB npo niBReHHe noxoRaceHHa enocy B3araai (popMyan, mo onncyiOTB niBReHHi aicocTenoBi a6o CTenoßi KpacBHRH: innpo-KHH CTen, HHCTe noae, Mornan, onncn MHcaHBCTBa, THnoBo aicocxe-noBoro, cTenoBa RHHHHa, aae ÖpaKye niBHÍHHoro BeRMeRa. Aae TaKi HaneBHe CTapoBHHHi peuiTKH — HenHcaeHHi. Yci mini cTHaicTH^m HaBeReHi Biime pncn 3HaÖReMo TaK caMo b íhuihx ťaTyHKax cynac- HOl HapORHOl noe3Íl, yKpaiHCBKOl i pOCifiCBKOl, Ta h b ÍHniHX íhro- 129 eBponeficbKHx iuieMeH, Othcô, bhchobkh, ih,o ix Momemo 3Po6hth npo ocoöJiHBocTi CTapoyKpamcBKoro enocy, jsyme cKyni. ni3HÍnii 3MÍHH Öaraxo n,enoro 3aTepjiH b cTapoMy enoci, i njiH npcjiiflHcemra noro Tpeöa me 3poÖHTH 6araT0, 30KpeMa npocxeacHTH yBaacHO cjiinn He jranie eniHHHx cioaceTiB, ajie TaKOJK eninHoro cth-jiio b jiiTonHcax Ta íhuihx TBopax CTapoi jiirepaTypn. 3. JliiepaTypa npaKTHHHoro npii3HaMeHiifl 1. B ni3HÍHii nacH Hac He nmaBHTHMe jiŕrepaTypa, hkoi npn3Ha-neHHH cyro npaicTHHHe. Ajie fljia nonaTKOBoi noon jiiTepaTypHoro p03BHTKy HaC niKaBHTB kojkhhh pJUJOK Ta KOJKHe CJIOBO. Y HHX, y KOiKHOMy pa3i, yTpHMaHO neBHi peniTKH CTHjiicTH^Horo bmíhhh Ha-uiHx npen,KÍB. JJp Toro Mead míjk KpacHoio JiiTepaTypoio Ta JiiTepaTypoio npaKTHHHOK) ÔyjiH b CTapoBHHy 30bcím mini, aHÍJK Tenep, i He MOiKHa 6yTH Hanepen. nesHHM, mp nncaHe nna npaKTHHHoro BHCHTKy He MaTHMe pne cthjiícthhhoí bhtohhchocth. Hanp., ajirrepanu 3y-cTpinaeMo b cTapoBHHHHx ocBKo-yMôpcBKHx Hanncax aôo b cTapo-4)pÍ3tKHx 3aK0Hax. Mh jiHuie KopoTKO neperjiíraeMo tojiobhí naM'jrr-KH, mo ix MoacHa 3ajiyHHTH no nie! rpynn. 2. Be3yM0BH0, HajieacaTB cionn pejiiriom TeKcra: mojihtbh, nijii öorocjiyjKÖH Tomo. JlixypriMHi, ßorocjiyjKÖOBi TBopn MajiH bcí o3Ha-KH KpacHoi JiiTepaTypn; n,e 6yjia BHTOHneHa pejiiriÖHa noe3ÍH. Opn-ťÍHajn>Hi TBopH, mo nocTajiH Ha KniBCbKOMy rpynri e, mpnpaBn.a, HacjiiflyBaHHHM rpen.tKHx 3pa3KÍB (b nepeKJianax), ajie HacjiinyBaH-häm nonacTH Han,3BHHaHHo BpajiHM. ClonH HajieacaTb, nonepme, mojihtbh. MojiHTBy CB. KHH3H BojionnMnpa BCiaBJieHo b „noxBajiy" öo-My. 3ajiHHiiuiocfl me nm mojihtbh, mo Ix npHnncyGTbCH cb. <ř»eon.o-cígbí, jien,Be hh 3 noBHHM npaBOM, ajie HajiejKHicTt ix no CTapoi Jii-TepaTypn 6e3cyMHÍBHa. On,Ha MojiHTBa (hh mojihtbh) g b 3Öipn,i tbo-piB BoJioRHMHpa MoHOMaxa. Kiji&Ka mojihtob g b nponoßinax. B ľle-nepcbKOMy ManacTHpi jkhb MepHeuL PpHropin, aBTop „KaHOHiß" cbä-thm. Ha JKajit, He híjikom neBHo, öoMy HajieacaTt tí kíihohh, mo mh Ix MOHceMo BBaHcaTH 3a HaHflaBHÍuii: KaHOHH Ta ôorocjiyjKÔH CB. kh. Bojion,HMHpoBÍ, cb. 3>eonpcÍGBÍ nenepc&KOMy, KaHOHH Ta cjiyjK-6h Ha nepeHeceHHH Momiß Eopnca Ta Tníôa, cb. Mhkojih. MnTpo-nojíHTOBi IoaHOBi I (öojirapHH a6o rpeK — nonaTOK 11 ct.) npnnH-cyBaHo cjiyHcöy Eopncoßi Ta TjiiooBi. B nenepctKOMy naTepHKy g noxBajia cb. eonpcÍ6BÍ, nncaHa cKopo no p. 1096 (3rana.Ho Hanan. nojiOBiiiß), na „noxBajia" nonacTH b cthjií nponoßinj, nonaCTH — mojihtbh. ,,noxBajiH" MaGMo i b JÚTonHCHOMy onoBinaHHi npo 3a-6htts cb. Bopnca Ta Tjiiôa Ta b „CkasaHHi" npo hhx. 130 üocKijibKH nj TBopH BHflaHO (a npejiiÄJKeHO ix 3 JiiTepaTypHoro norjiHfly 3ne6ijibHia n,ocnxb noBepxoBo), mojkômo cyn.HXH npo ix jii-TepaTypHi BJiacTHBocTi: aBxopn ix, monpaBfla, MaÖHte bhrjho^iho ko-pHCTyioTbca n,nxaxaMH 3 CTapo'i ßorocjiyjKÖoBoi xa jkhxíhhoi jiixepa-Typn; MOBa xpiiMaexbca nynce 6jiH3bKO n.epKOBHocjioB'HHCbKHX HopM, BOHa pyjKe pnxMÍ30BaHa, HacjiiflyiOHH aKaineHbe, Te-MHHijaMT» oxBep3eHbe, nenajibHbíMx yrfexy, HanacTHbiMTj H36aBjieHbe... í>eoRocÍH: anocxojTb h nponoBX.hhhk'b, cbiň HaMT. nacxbipb h ynaxejib, cbiH Haivrb BOJKflb h npaBHxejib, cbiö HaMT» cxiHa h orpancneme, noxBajia Hama BejiHKa« ö pptsHOBeme ... HncjieHHi rapHi o6pa3H, 3n,aeibCH, Bei 3ano3HMeHi — Bor, Xpncxoc — coHue; ÖJiaronaxb — coHHHiHe cbíxjio aöo pnxa; cbhtí — 3opi, cxpyM-KH, nacxHpi pyxoBHoro exapa, poöixmiKH y BHHorpanHHKy BoacoMy Toinp. He 3BaJKaiOHH Ha neö ,„n.HxaTHHÍi'' xapaKTep mojihtob, 6a- MHMO b HHX HHMaJie KOMn03HH,ÍHHe Xa MOBHe BMĎHHH IX aBXOpiB. 3. MeHuie jiixepaxypHe 3HaneHHfl Maioxb „nocjiamifl" rpenbKHX iepapxiß: MHxponojiHxa Jleona (30 1004 p., xBip cyMHÍBHHH), Teop-rin (BMep 1072 p.), IoaHa II (kojio 1089 p.), MHxp. Hntindpopa (1104-1120) npoxH „JiaxHHH". He Mafince caMi cyxi „KaTajiorn" po3xon>KeHb míík npaBocjiaBHOK) Ta KaxojranbKoio i^epKBaMH, 30 xoro po3xo-RHceHb 3fle6ijibiHa nynte npiÖHHx xa HeBajKJiHBHx. Po3yMÍGXbCH, n.i TBopn, nncam, Maßyxb, no-rpenbKH xa nepeKJiaflem Ha nepKOBHo-CJioß'HHCbKy MOBy, híhk He cBinnaib npo „{popMajibHHfi" xapaKxep KHiBCbKoro xpHcxHHHCxBa, a pannie npo ninynan, rpenbKoi öorocjiOB-cbKoi HayKH! 4. /JajieKo niKaBiniHH jihcx MHxp. HnKHCpopa np khh3h Bojio-3HMHpa MoHOMaxa. KpiM KopoiKoi noxBajin KHH3eBi, jihct nonac npo3opHH BHKJiap xofliniHbo'i ncHXOJiori^Hoi HayKH (aHXHHHoro no-xoflHceHHH). JXyma Mae xpn tojiobhi chjih — po3yM, npncxpacxi xa 131 BOJiK). Hk KHa3b, cnnann Ha npecToai, npaBHTb Kpamoio nepe3 cayr CBoi'x, TaK i nynia npaBHTb riaoM nepe3 n'aTb 3mhcjiíb — 3ip, cayx, CMaK, hk>x, noTHK. Ee3nocepenH6 npaKTHHHe 3aBnaHHH ancTa 6yao, Ma6yTb, BHnpaBaaTH icpapxiio a6o oci6, mo Ix MHTponoaHT npoTery-BaB, Bin HKHxocb Hananiß, 60 ancT a,aai 30KpeMa 3ynHHHGTbca Ha HeneBHOcri cayxy hk nacepeaa nÍ3HaHHH Ta Kaace, mp nepe3 cayx KHH3H „Bxon,HTb y Hboro CTpiaa" „Ha niKony nynii", Ta npoxae npo-ôaneHHH noKapaHHM. B KoacHOMy pa3i, acHicTb BHKaany Ta noßpi o6pa3H aöcTpaKTHHx nyMOK CBinnaTb npo aiTepaTypHe bmíhhh i aB-Topa i nepeKaaaaaa*. 5. J\o opHťiHaabHoi aiiepaTypn HaaeacaTb i nepnii cnpoôH ícto-Phhhhx TBopiB npo CBÍTOBy icTopiio. XpoHÍKH nepeKaanem He 3ano-BoabHflaH. Bate b 11 ct. cKaaneHo aKHÍíCb „xpoHorpacp", ceöxo Ha-pHC BcecBÍTHboi icTopľi, roaoBHe 3a AMapToaoM (hhb. EKCKypc I. T. a) 3 npnoBHeHHHMH 3 íhuihx aacepea, b tort/ nncai npo pycbKy ícto-piio (t. 3b. „XpoHorpacp 3a BeaHKHM BHKaanoM"). Bíh He 36epircH, aae peniTKH noro BBiäinaH b nÍ3HÍnii naM'aTKH. JliTonHcenb yacHB (nin p. 1114) HKorocb xpoHorpacpa, ne xpoHÍKa AMapToaa ôyaa cno-aynena 3 xpoHÍKoio Maaaan. U,io KOMniaaTHBHy icTopnnHy npanro npoBannaH naai i b HacTynm bíkh. He MaiOTb cyTO ařrepaTypHoro 3HaHeHHa naM'aTKH 3aKOHonaB-m, H.e — „PycbKa npaBna", 36ipKa 3aK0HÍB HpocaaBa i öoro Ha-CTynHHKÍB, Ta nepKOBHi „ycraBH" BoaonHMHpa Ta HpocaaBa (nep-niHÍi He iiiaKOM, npyrnii 30bcím He neBHHÍí). IlmaBa naa icTopHKa aÍTepaTypn ,,PycbKa npaBna" roaoBHe cbogio moboio, Mafiace hhc-tok> cxinHbocaoB'aHCbKOK», 6e3 eaeMeHTÍB nepKOBHOi mobh, Han3BH-HaíÍHo npocTa Ta npo3opa ôynoBa peneHb, a TaKoat cBOGpiflmm caoß-HHK — ôaraTo caÍB, neBHe 3HanemiH hkhx yace 3a6yTe, Ta npo 3MÍCT hkhx BenyTbca HayKOBÍ nHCKycii. ,,PycbKa npaBna" HaaeacHTb no naM'HTOK, mo ix moboio MoacHa BHMipHTH HaöanaceHHH íhuihx naM'HTOK no Haponno'i mobh. KyabTypHO-icTopHHHe 3HaaeHHn lopn-nnnHHx naM'HTOK, po3ymígtbch, BeaHKe. *) npaqi iepapxiB mojkjihbo ň imcam a6o moHaOMemiie nepeKJiaflem Ta CTHJIÍ30BaHÍ 3a BÍ3aHTÍHCí>kok) TpaflHUiGK) 1XHÍMH CeKpeTapHMH, HKÍ b KOWHOMy pa3i 6yjiH cJioB'HHaMH. ToMy jieABe hh MäCMO npaBO BBaMcaTH ni TBopn ninKOM ^lyscHMH Haniiô jiiTepaTypi. Jlame ix aBTopn qacTO He tí rpenhKi iepapxn, iiaeHa-mu hkhx bohu m^nHcam, a hkícb aHOHÍMHi MicneBi „khhjkhhkh". 132 II. /JOBA OPHAMEHTAJIBHOrO CTHJIIO A. XapaKTepucTHKa 1. JXo6a, jiixepaTypHoro po3BHTKy, nip noHHHacTbCH b nepini ne- chthjiítth 12-rO b.? M3.G KyHH BHpa3HÍUie oöjih^IHfl, HÍJK nepiHHH BÍK KHiBCbKOi jiiTepaxypH. Khib yce ine ctoitb Ha hojií JirrepaTypHoro pyxy, ajie nopyn: Hboro Ta CTaporo HoBropona 3'aBjiHK)TbCH íhhií hojiíthhhí, a nÍ3HÍuie h KyjifcxypHi ijeHTpn. He 3BajKaiOHH Ha 3aHe-nafl Ta pyiny KneBa Ta Ha 3aHHKHeHHa caMoi n,yMKH npo BejiHKy KniBCLKy nepjKaBy, jiiTepaTypa me noBro nepnac 3 flacepeji khib-cbkoi TpanHn.ii. nepecyHeHHH iieHTpy nojiiTHHHoro TflaciHHH 3 03-Horo 6oKy Ha híbhíhhhh cxin. y Cy3najib, a 3 npyroro Ha 3axin. y TajiHM He g, onHa^e, nincTaBOio noHHHara: 3 nboro HOBy 306y jiiTepa-TypHoro po3BHTKy. /JajieKo BaauiHBiHia g 3MÍHa jiÍTepaTypHoro cthjiio Ta BHCJioBjíeHHx y jiiTepaTypi ineojiorifi. 2. Cthjib 12-ro ct. BTpainB 6araTO ochobhhx pne cthjiio 11-ro ct., mo MOHíHa ôyjio 5 cxapaKTepHsyBaTH h ,,HeťaTHBHo'' nepe3 yT-paxy pne cthjiio 11 Biny. Ajie no ôaraTtox pne cthjiio 11- ro BiKy MoaceMo BKa3aTH b JiiTepaTypi 12 ct. i h o b i pnen. OnHocTaíÍHá MOHyMeHTaJIbHÍCTB TBOpÍB 11-rO CT. 3aMÍHK)GTBCH pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍCTK> opHaMeHTajifaHHx npHKpac KOJKHoro TBOpy, npHKpac, mp inoni 30bcím 3aKpHBaK)Tb npoBiflHy nyMKy, TeHneHniio, 3MÍHK)K)Tb xapaKTep TBopy. Ta moni TBip HaBÍTb He Mae TaKoro TeMaTHHHoro ocepenKy. Bo h ca- mhh 3MÍCT He g BHCe TaKHM OflHOCTaHHHM, flKHM bíh 3ne6ÍJIbinorO 6yB y TBopax HaHCTapinioi noon: aBTopn oxone 36HpaK»Tb cTapnä MaTe-piflji Ta BHKopHCTOByiOTb Soro ak npHKpacH HOBoro TBopy (36ipKa npHCJiiß'iB b „MojieHHi" JJaHHjia, pÍ3HÍ 3raflKH npo CTapnx khh3Íb Ta HacjiinyBaHHH BosHa b „Cjiobí o nojiny IropeBi"). A60 npoBinHa flyMKa He npocTo po3BHBaeTbCH b TBopi, ajie npoxonnrb nepe3 *ihc-jieHHi oKpeMi mothbh (nop. 30KpeMa „nenepcbKHH IlaTepHK" a6o „Cjiobo o nojiKy IropeBi"). nncbMeHHHK HaBÍTb íhoh,í bck> ôynpBy TBopy poÔHTb „M03aiHHOK)M, Becb nac npainoG 3 MaTepiajioM 30bcím pÍ3HHX niapiB, sk aBTop ,,CjioBa o nojiKy IropeBi", b HKoro cynacHa HOMy nificHicTb HepryGTbca to 3 cnoranaMH npo JiiTepaTypHy cTa-poBHHy (Bohh), to 3 cnoranaMH npo CTapoBHHy icTopHHHy, aôo aBTop KniBCbKoro Ta rajinnbKO-BOJiHHCbKoro JiÍTonnciB, b akhx 133 3a BHKJian.OM nonjö noHyBacTbca Tpoxn He Ha KoacHOMy Kponi aiTe-paTypHa Tpaannia. IliKaBO, nip 3míhh tcmh, BiaxnaeHHa Bifl roaoB-hoI TeMH TyT yate He poöaaTb BpaaceHHa 6e3nopaflHocTH, hk y nncb-MeHHHKÍB 11-ro BÍKy: MHTan nonyBae, hj,o na 3anayTamcTb, cKaan-HicTb 6ynoBH 3 36onehhhmh Ta yxnJiaMH, HaaeacHTb 30 GCTBa craaio, 30 TÍG1 CKaaflHOl TKaHHHH, nOfliÖHOl flO MHOrOÖapBHOrO KHaHMy, HKOK) g Tenep cTpyKTypa aiTepaTypHoro TBopy. 3. 3míhk>g npocTOTy 6ynoBH TBopiB Ta oôcTaBHHa, mo ix cbíto-raaa Mac ocHOBHy pncy BCHKoro „cepeaHbOBiHHH" (b TOMy HHcai bi-3aHTÍHCbKoro): noraan Ha cbít g nocainoBHo „CHMBoaiHHHtí", yca-Ka nificHicTb g pa30M 3HaK0M norocb iHnioro, BHiiipro, 6e3nocepea-Hbo b fliácHOCTi He naHoro a6o Haivr HenpncTynHoro. Haaeacann 30 GCTBa BaacHe Bcaicoro, HaBÍTb „HaöpeaalcTHMHinioro" MHCTeiiTBa, CHMBoaina nicTac b neBHi momchth po3BHTKy Han3BHHaHHe 3HaneH-Ha (TaKoac y öapoKKy i b poMaHTHiji), a caMe b 3B'a3Ky 3 cbítoi\hh-flOM nacy, mo He xone oÖMeacyBaraca annie Ha nÍ3HaHHÍ 6e3noce-peaHbo aaHoro, a Hiynac 3a hhm a6o ,,nin hhm" íhihoto, ranônioro, MiiiHiuioro „aiácHoro ôyTra". CHMBOaiHHHH CBÍToraan g 6e3yMOBHO 3araabH0K> niflCTaBoio aÍTepaTypn 12-13 b. lie Beao a° po3BHTKy „CHMBOaÍHHOrO CTHaiO". IIpOCTÍ nopiBHaHHH 3aMÍHK>IOTbCfl Tenep p03BHHeHHMH CHMBO- aiMHHMH KapTHHaMH: ÔHTBá — ne nnp aôo Beciaaa, BecHa — chm-Boa BOCKpecÍHHa. HaBÍTb IaapioH, y CTHai aKoro CHMBoaiKa Bace rpac aeHKy pOaiO, 3aaGTbCa, 30CHTB npHMÍTHBHHM, Koan nopÍBHHGMO ňo- ro HHcaeHHi, aae b ochobí npocTi nopiBHHHHa 3 cHMBoainHHMH 06-pa3aMH, Hanp., Knpnaa TypiBCbKoro. ^liňcHicTb nacTO Bace He 3Ma-abOByGTbca, a Ha He'i anuie „HaTaKaiOTb" pÍ3Hi íhihí o6pa3H. Chm-BoaiKa He annie 3aci6, a ao neBHoi Mipn caMoujLjib. 4. TaK caMo caMoniaaio 3po6Haaca i Bca CTHaicTHKa B3araai, BOHa He annie cayacHTb 3míctobí, a Mac caMOCTiiÍHy BapTicTb: aocHTb nopiBHHTH TBopH IaapioHa, 3 bhhhtkobo nncaeHHHMH 3aa 11-ro cto-jiítth npHKpacaMH, Ta Knpnaa TypiBCbKoro, y hkofo iHoai npHKpacn po3pocTaK>TbCH b BeaH*ie3Hy 6yaoBy, mo 3a Heio npHHaÖMHi Ha neB-hhh nac, 3a6yBaGTbCfl 6e3nocepeaHÍíí 3míct TBopy; nocHTb npnraaa-TH icTopHHHy „opHaMeHTauiio'' „CaoBa o noany IropeBi", 3a hkok> 3a6yBaGTbca MeTa Toro „3oaoToro caoBa" CßaTocaaBOBoro, 3 hkhm ni icTopHMHi npHKpacn cnoaynem; „MoaeHHG" JX&mijia B3araai g He mo ÍHHie, hk rpa CTHaicTHHHHMH npHKpacaMH 6e3 aKoi'cb „aiaoBoi" MeTH mOCb KOHKpeTHe p03nOBÍCTH (6e3 „KOMyHÍKanÍHHOl" cpyHKíiľí). IH.O CTHab g caMoiíiab, n,e Haäöiabuie BnaHo 3 neBHoro „3api6-híhhh" TeMaTHKH TBopiB 12-13 ct. Bca CTHaicTHMHa po3KÍni „CaoBa o noaKy Iropeßi" MaG Ha Mexi npocaaBaeHHa 30bcím npyropasHOÍ Ta HeBnajio'i BiinpaBii n,piÓHHX khh3Íb; aiTonncH cpiaiťpaHHO p03po6-jihdiotb onucu npiÖHHx Ta mpneHHHX noniö i t. n,. IlincTaBa naa n,bo-ro — He jiHuie ,,3n,pi6HÍHHa" caRioi noaiTHKH, caMHX noniii, a Ta-Koac — nepeBara opHäMeHTy Han, ineeio Ta 3míctom TBopy. He jiHine HaicynaeHHa npHKpac xapaKTepncTHHHe naa cthjibd 12-13 ct. Tane HaicynaeHHH npHKpac, mo 6yjiH bíromí h paHime, g, Hanp., po3BHTOK aarrepanji* b „Cjiobí o nojiKy Iropeßi", HaicynaeHHa nopiBHHHB y KnpHjia TypiBCBKoro aöo umpoici MajiiOHKH cßiiy ne-mohíb b „naTepHKy", Toni an „>khtíg" <í>eon,ocia Jinuie KopoTKO 3ra-HyBajio npo „cnoicycH" <3>eonpcia. MacMO xapaKTepncTHHHi hobí npn-KpacH — HeBMipKOBaHi nepeôijibnieHHa, rinepöoan. Čepen. eniTeTÍB MOJKHa Ha3BaTH neBHi KaTeťopii, m,o CTaiOTt yaioöaeHHMH. Hkhjo npo nocTÍHHi eniTeTH, mp Haran,yiOTb HaponHy noe3ho, MoacHa 3 neß-híctkd roBopHTH JiHine b „Caoßi o nojiKy Iropeßi", to 3Haxon,HMO b pÍ3HHx íhuihx TBopax Tóro aacy öaraTo yaioöaeHHx eniTeTÍB, mo čepen, HHX HaHTHnoBiniHM naa nyxy aacy g cjiobo ,,30jiothh". Chh-TaKCHHHa öynpßa, cKJianHa Ta íhohí 3anayraHa, Teac HaaeacHTb n.o hobhx CTHJiicTHaHHX npHKpac. 3aaGTbca, noaaan bhcoko uíhhth i OpHťÍHaabHÍCTB TBOpiß, CTHaiCTHaHO HOBe Ta He3BHaaHHe b hhx. 5. BnanaiOTB y ßiai h pHCH ineoaoriaHoro po3BHTKy. nonepme, aHMaaa 3MÍHa xpHcraaHCbKoro ineaay. Tenep 3ycTpiaaGMo ineoao-riio, aKy MoacHa Ha3BaTH nocainoBHo „acKeTHaHoio". Aae acKeraaHa ineoaoria iíne nopya noMÍTHoro npHcnaeHHa CBřry, 3i 36iabineH-HHM noro npHHajj;. B „neaepcbKOMy naTepHKy" öaaHMo, hk xBHai CBÍTy 3aaHBaK)TB HaBÍTt neaepcBKHH MaHacrap. AcKeraica nepeTBo-pioGTBca 3 ßopoTBÖH THxoi, 3axoBaHoi b raHÔHHi neaep, y nocaiflOB-Hy BiHHy BCBOMy oToaeHHK), HaBÍTB ôanacaoMy OToaeHHio aeHijiB y MaHacTHpi. JXjih Hac BaacaHBa He annie 3MÍHa oô'cKTHBHoro cTaHy peaeä, a 3MÍHa Tóro aiTepaTypHoro ocßiTaeHHa, aKoro HanaGTbca nocTiÖHHM eaeMeHTaM aepHeaoro acHTTa. npo acKeraaHi hhhh b ai-TepaTypi 11-ro ct. noBinyBaanca roaoßHHM aHHOM 3 noßicTH npo IcaKia, aae b híh acKeTnam hhhh 3MaabOBaHo 3 MeToio nepecTeperin Bifl HaflMipHoi acKe3H. Tenep ace acne3y 3MaabOßyiOTb ak HaÖBHinHO ineaa. 3aMÍCTb xpHCTHaHCbKoro onTHMÍ3My nepninx aaciß xpncTH-am3an,ii 3ycTpiaaGM0 necHMicTHam cyan npo acHTTa, aac n,o acaxan-Boro yaßaeHHH CepanioHa npo 3eMaio, aKa xoae CTpycHTH 3 ceöe Beet 3anaaMaeHHH rpixoM pin, aioncbKHH. Xtyace n,iicaBO, m,o neßHHH MaTepiaabHHH 3aHenan, 3obcím He 3aßaflHB „cbítobí" 3aaHniHTHca caMocßinpMHM Ta HaBÍTb 3apo3yMi-jiHM. BaacaHBa pnca ineoaorii nboro aacy — caMOCßiflOMicTb CBÍTy. JliTepaTypHa nificHicTb 30bcím He 3aBacnn Binnoßinae oö'gk-THBHOMy CTaHOBi peaeS. 3aMÍCTb Khibcbkoí nepacaBH eßponencbKoro 135 3HaneHHH meigmo b 12-My bíh,í KijibKa flpiÖHHx xa HaBÍxi> Mimnxiop-hhx KHH3ÍBCTB, hkí noHHHaioxij yxpanaxH 3HaHeHHH HaBixb y MeHcax CxiflHbOÍ EBpOnH (KpiM rajIHHJbKO-BojIHHCbKOrQ KHH3ÍBCIBa, HKe, onHane, He Morjio Main BHce khibcbkhx npexeHciö Ha naHyBäHHH Hafl niBHÍHHK) xa híbhíhhhm cxoflOM), b cnpaBH HKHx noHHHaiOTB fly-ace aKXHBHO BipynaxHCH HaBiTb HOMaflH-nojioBui. Ajie jiixepaxypa onHcye flajieno ßijibuie po3Kouii, ÖJiHCKy, „30Jioxa", amnc jiiTepaxy-pa nonepeflHfcoro cxojiíxxh. „Cbíx" He 3poÖHBCH MoryxmuiHM Haßixb y nopÍBHHHHi 3 D,epKBOK). B neBHHX MeJKaX BÍH nOMÍTHO xpHCXHHHÍ- 3yBaBCH (npaBo). Ajie bíh caM ce6e nonyBae BejíHKoio Mipoio ca-moctíhhíhihm Ta bhihhm, a uepKBa nonyBac öoro He6e3neHHÍuiHM Ta 3arp03JIHBÍHIHM, HÍJK flaBHÍHie. HaÖCKOpUie MOJKHa IHO 3MÍHy ifleojio- tíhhhx HacTpoiB 3xapaKTepH3yBaTH, hk nopyuieHHH tíg'í rapMOHií míjk „cbítom" Ta H,epKBoio, hksl b 11-My b. He ctíjií.kh icHyBajia, ckíjibkh 3flaBajiacH nocTyjiHTOM, Ha 3pÍHCHeHHH HKoro g öaraTo Ha-flin. H,e nopynieHHH rapMomí niflBHiHHjio caMOBneBHeHHicxL o6ox cxo-piH, Ha 6oui „flyxoBHOMy" 3pic Biflnip npoxn CBixy, Ha 6oui CBÍTy — ôaäflyHĺicTb flo ifleajiiß xpHCTHHHcxBa. 6. MojKHa BBancaiH, mo ufiú jiixepaxypHHH (a nonaciH h ifleo- JIorŤHHHH) P03BHX0K G 36ÍJILHieHHHMt npHCHJieHHHM xhx BnJIHBÍB BÍ- 3aHxii, hkí fliHJiH nje b 11-My Bim\ ,Ho neBHo'í MipH ne xaK: b 11-My BÍrú jiixepaTypHHÖ BnjiHB BÍ3aHTÍI oÖMencyBaBCH jiHine Ha neBHi ejieMeHXH, npoxHroM 11-ro b. bíh 3pic, a b 12-oMy xa 13-My bb. npHÖ-HiJiH hobí BÍ3aHxÍHCi>KÍ jiiiepaTypHí Ta KyjibTypHÍ bhjihbh. JIÍTepa-Typa 12-ro b. 3pocTajia Ha ochobí Toro caMoro BÍ3aHTÍHCtKoro Ma-xepÍHjiy, m,o ô Jiixepaxypa 11-ro b., ajie onaHyBajia íioro jiinnie, HacjiiflyBajia BMijiime. Ajie BajKJiHBO g Te, uio Bi3aHxÍHCbKHH BnjiHB niflxpHMysaB Tenep tí c y t t g b i 3míhh cthjijo, a nonacxH h ifleojio-rií, npo hkí mh roBopHJiH BHine. B. IIpOíIOBÍflHHH,TBO 1. Ha JKajifc, nopÍBHioiOHH 3 nepeKJiaflHHMH nponoBÍflHMH, BejiH- KHMH KÍJIbKÍCTK) Ta OÖCHrOM, opHriHajIBHÍ 12-13 BB. TBOpHTb JIHHie He3HaHHy rpyny. H,e 3fle6ÍJiBHia nponoBÍfli nnuiHoro cthjiio. KüibKa aHOHÍMHHX nponOBÍfleH 3 neBHOK) HMOBÍpHÍCXK) MOHCeMO BlflHeCXH flo 12 ct. Ajie MacMo TaKonc nponoBÍfli aBxopÍB, bíaomhx HaM Ha ÍMeHa Ta cxapaKxepH30BaHHX cboimh XBopaMH hk jiixepaxypHi mflHBiflyajiL-hocth. 2. HaHTajiaHOBHTiniHM nponoBiflHHKOM, a MOHce ň HafiÖijibiHHM nncbMeHHHKOM cxapoi jiiTepaxypn MOHCHa Ha3Baxn KnpHJia TypiBCb-Koro, mo 6yB GnncKonoM m. TypoBa b flpyrin nojiOBHHi 12 ex. Bíh 136 nOXOflHB 3 3aM0JKH01 pOflHHH CTOaHiri HeBeJIHKCTO TypÍBCbKOrO KHH- 3ÍBCTBa, m. TypoBa. HapoflHBca, ivraöyTB, flecb 1130-40 pp.* Horo „}Khtíg" niflKpecaioG öoro öorocaoBCBKy ocBľry (HeflaBHo flOBefleHo, mo bíh KopHCTaBca rpeiíbKHMH TBopaMH b opnrmaaax) Ta Soro ac-KeTH3M. BcTymiBiiiH b MOJioflHX poKax ho MaHacTHpa, KnpHjio Bace TOfli ycaaBHBca hk nncBMeHHHK. Ha öaacaHHa KHH3a Ta „aiofleS" TypiBCBKHX Knpnaa BHCBaneHo Ha enncKona. Ro n.boro nacy Haae-acaTB neaKi öoro TBopn, m. íh. yTpanem ancTH flo khh3h Anflpia Eo-roaioöcBKoro, nponoßini, MoaHTBH Ta 6orocayac6oBÍ TBopn. Knpnao-bí nponoBÍfli 3ycTpinaGM0 b 3ÖipHHKax nopyn nponoBineS Beamcnx nponoBÍflHHKÍB rpentbKOi n-epKBH. 3. Bícím nponoßifleS, mo HaneBHe HaaeacaTb KnpHaoBi, npncBH- HeHÍ HefliabHHM CBHTaM BOCbMH THaCHÍB KOaO BeaHKOHHfl, noHHHa- k»hh 3 „BepÖHOi Heniai". OnncyiOHH bpohhcthh Bxifl XpncTa b Gpy-cajiHM, Knpnao 3aKjiHKac cayxaniB npnroTyBaTHca flo flyxoBHoi 3y-cTpini XpHCTa. Bxifl FocnoflmS no Gpycaanaiy cHMBOJinHo BHTay-Ma^eHo HK ayxoBHe npnSHHTTa XpncTa no ,,CBÍTanii,i nyiiii". — npo-noBiflb Ha „aHTH-nacxy" (XoMHHa Hefliaa) cnoaynae ninpoKe nopiß-hhhhh BecHH b npnpofli Ta BeaHKOflHH 3 po3MOBOK) anocToaa Xomh 3 XpHCTOM. XiaabHia nponoßiflb noHHHaeTBca 3 3BopyiuaHBoro „naa-ny" EoropoaHui Koao xpecTa. Ha flonoMory IS npnxoflHTB Hocnn ApHMaTeScBKnS, HKOMy BflaGTBca BHnpocHTH b niaaTa Tiao XpncTOBe i noxoBaTH noro Teat 3 „naaneM" Hafl TÍaoM XpncTa. /Jaai onoßifla- GTBCH npO MHpOHOCHIÍB, flO HKHX 3BepTaGTBCH 3 npOMOBOK) HHroa. 3aKÍHayc „CaoBo" noxBaaa-aKacpHCT HocHnoßi. JJ,a,jibuie ,,CaoBo" ono-Biflae npo 3HÍaeHHH ,,po3caa6aeHoro" b Kyneai CnaoaMCbKiS. Ono-BiflaHHa BefleTbca b (popMi fliaaorinmS — XpHCToc po3M0Baac 3 HeMWHHM, a toS 3 „KHHHíHHKaMH". — Ihhií nponoBÍfli, TaKoat cnH-paio^Hca Ha GBaHreabCBKi onoBiflaHHa, noflaiOTb Ix CHMBoainne bh-TOBManeHHa, cKynnyioHH yßary roaoBHo Ha nepKOBHiS Hayn,i npo XpHCTa, na „xpHCToaorii". OcTaHHG „CaoBo" Knpnaa npncBaneHe npoTHapiaHCbKOMy coCopoßi, ceÖTo Teac xpHCToaorii. Othjb co6opy nopiBHHHo 3 BOHKaMH. 3aKÍHHyG nponoBiflb flOBra noxBaaa-aKa(pHCT oti;hm co6opy. Bace flaBHo 3BepHeHo yßary Ha Te, mo 3araaBHi flyMKH npono-BifleS Knpnaa HaraflyiOTB flyMKH fleaKHX KaacHHHHx 3pa3KÍB rpen,b-K01 nponoBÍfli. HeflaBHo flOBefleHO, mo nponoBÍfli Knpnaa cicaafleHi 3a rpen,bKHMH 3pa3KaMH. JXjih. KoacHoi 3 cboix nepmnx 7-mh nponoBifleS *) IToxoah^h 3 TypoBa, mo JieacHTb Ha yKpaiHCbKo-6iJiopyc£kíh MeJKi, bh- XOBaHHHM Ta CTHJieM CBOIX TBOpÍB KHpHJIO, 663yMOBHO( H&JI6JKHTB KHGBy. OflHaHe, 6ijiopycH MaiOTb niACTaBH BBaHcaTH ftoro 3a cBoro cTaporo nncBMeHHHKa. JJe BHrojioineHO ftoro nponoBÍfli, HeBiflOMo. 137 Kupujíc* BHÔpaB 3ne6ijitnioro no nBi-Tpn rpentřd nponoBÍn,i (nepeKJia-n.em). 3 hkhx bíh 6epe npoBiniri n.yMKH, íhohí íí tojiobhí o6pa3H. JXJISI OCT&HHBOl nponOBÍnj. (COÖOP CBHTHX OTHÍb) BÍH KOpHCTaBCfl B OpHťÍHajli HKHMCb rpeiIbKHM iCTOpHHHHM TBOpOM. Ajie KnpHao He oÖMejKHBca Ha pojii npocToro KOMniaaTopa, cbog 3aBnaHHH bíh, OHeBHflHO, 6aHHB b aÍTepaTypmií o6po6n.i MaTepiajiy. Bíh nomnpioG a6o CKoponyc cboí B3Ípni, cnojiynyc ix b opramray i^íjiíctb Ta npn-Kpamyc nyMKH rpeuBKOi nponoBini TaKHMH peTopHHHHMH npHKpaca-MH, mo jiinnie npoMOBjíaioTB np po3yMy Ta cepna floro cjiyxaniB. Hkih.0 BCTaHOBJíeHHH HeopHriHajibHocTH nponoBineö Knpnaa 3MeH-niyc Haní iHTepec no Htoro hk öoroeaoBa, to boho me 36ijii>inyG noro i^ÍKasicTB naa Hac hk nncBMeHHHKa xa opaTOpa, 60 bíh BCTynae b MHCTei^BKe 3MaraHHH 3 CBoiMH B6JIHKHMH nonepenHHKaMH, Ta, — Tpeöa BH3HaTH, — BHxonHTB Í3 CBoro BaatKoro 3aBflaHHH nepeMoac-npM. He nypHo noro nponoBini 3Haxo2HaH b 36ipHHKax (TaKHX, aK „TopaíecTBeHHHK") Micnp npoTaroM cToaiTb nopya HaitninniHx 3pa3KÍB cBHTooTeiíbKoro opaTopcbKoro MHCTeiTTBa. Tpeöa Sanačně npHflHBHTHca np aiTepaxypHoro cTHaio Knpnaa. 4. Mh Bace 3BepTaan yßary Ha „chmbojiííhhh" xapaKTep nponoßinefi Knpnaa. Ix noöynpBaHo Ha BHTOBManeHHi CHMBOJiinHoro 3HaneHHa peairiflHHx o6pa3ÍB. Hanp., BeaHKneHb, BocKpeceHHa, g naa Htoro Becna: Hhhí Heöeca ocBiTHanca, cKHHyan tcmhí xMapn, hk noKpnBaao, Ta CBÍTaHM noBÍTpaM caaBy PocnonHio B03BÍmaiOTb, — MOBaio He npo nj. bh^hmí Heöeca, aae npo nyxoBHi, npo anocTO-aiB, mp ... nÍ3HaaH Tocnofla Ta bcio Tyry 3a6yjiH,... Cbhthm flyxoM obíhhí, BocKpeceHHa XpncTOBe acHo nponoBiflyioTB. Hhhí cohup, KpacyiOHHca, Ha bhcohíhb ninHiMaertca Ta, panyionHCb, 3eMaio orpiBac, 60 coHue npaBflH, XpHCTOC, 3 xpyHH 3ÍHiuao i paTyc ycix, xto b Hboro Bipyc ... Hhhí BecHa KpacycTbca, oacHBaniOHH npHpony 3eMHy, i 6yflHÍ BÍTpn, thxo bíiohh, naoflH yMHoacyiOTB, i 3eMaa, HaciHHH acHBannH, 3ejieHy TpaBy noponacye, — BecHa ne KpacHa Bipa XpncTOBa, ana nepe3 xpnineHHH ohob-aiOG aionpbKy npnpony; 6yÔHÍ Birpn — rpixoTBopm noMHcan, mp nepe3 noKaaHHa nepeMiHHanca Ha npôpoHHHH Ta acHBJíHTb 138 aymeKopHCHi njion,H; a 3eMaa Hainoro ecTBa, mo npnOHaaa cjio-bo Eoate, hk cím'h, .. . noponacyc flyx cnaciHHH. Hhhí HOBOHapopiHceHi arHaTa Ta TejiaTa, xyxKO öiraiOHH, cKanyTb Ta, CKopo AO MaTepiß noBepHyBiiiHCH, BeceaaTbca, TaKoac i naôami, Ha conijTKax rpaionn, 3 pan,icTio XpncTa cjiaBJíaTb: arHíiTaMH 3By jiarinHHx jHonefi čepen. noraH, a TeaaTaMH — in,oJioacepHÍB HeßipHHx Kpam,... mp, 30 cbhtoi uepKBH oöepHyB-ihhcb, MOJioKO HayKH ccyTb, a BHHTejii XpncTOBoro CTafla... XpncTa Bora cjiaBJíaTb. Hhhí nepeBa napocTKH BHnycKawTb, i kbíth 3anauiHÍ nporraiTaiOTb, i ocb yate cann cojion,KÍ 3anaxn BHnaioTb, i xjiiöopoÖH, 3 Hanieio npa- h.IOIOHH, nJIOflOflaBIÍH XpHCTa IipH3HBaiOTb, — 60 pamiue mh ôyjiH, hk jiíchí nppeBa, mp He MaiOTb naon,íb, a hhhí npHinenHJiacH XpHCTOBa Bipa 30 Hanioro HeBip'a, Ta... paöcbKoro HOBoro GyTTa.. . neKacMo, Tanoac i apxHGpei Ta iry-MeHH, npainoiOHH naa uppKBH, Haroponn Bin, XpncTa neKaiOTb. A60: Hhhí TpynpjiioÔHBa 6na;ojia, noniÖHa np nemjiB, noKa3yc cboio MyapicTb i flHByc bcíx; 60 hk tí neHui, JKHBynn b nycTHHax, ca-mí ce6e nporoflOByiOTb Ta nHByiOTb aHrojiÍB i juoneit, TaK i bohh (ÖHHCOJIH), Ha KBÍTH BHJlÍTaiOnH, TOTyiOTb MeflOBÍl mÍJItHHKH Ta nocTanaiOTb jiionaM cojionKe, a nppKBi noTpiöHe. Hhhí bcí KpacHorojiocHÍ nTHui uepKOBHHX xopÍB, rHÍ3na 6yny-iomh, BecejiHTbCH, ceÖTO H,epKOBHÍ hhhh: GnHCKonH Ta iryiweHH, nonn Ta niiaKOHH i naKH, KoacHHÖ cboio nicHio cnÍBaionH, cjiaB-jiaTb rocnona. KnpHjio nopÍBHiOG CBampHHKiB, apxHcpeiB, ,,ycix uepKOBHHX BHHTe-aÍBM 3 apxÍTeKTaMH; neipa Ta IoaHa 6iaa rpoóy XpncTOBoro — Í3 CTapHM xa Hobhm 3aBÍTOM j XpncTa nicjiH BOCKpeceHHa — 3 naôa-HOM, hkhíí nicaa cHy 6anHTb, mp Soro oTapa po3ÍHuiaaca b pÍ3HÍ 6okh, Ta 36npaG u, a6o 3 6aTbKOM, hkhô npHOuiOB npnoMy 3 n,aae-KOi nonppoaú Ta aKoro 3 panicTio 3ycTpinac aÜHKa Ta híth. Ilopyn HIHpOKO p03BHHeHHX nOpÍBHHHb 3yCTpÍ*KlGMO KOpOTKÍ, MaHace HaTHKH. 5, yjiioöJieHHH KOMno3HiíÍHHHH 3aci6 Knpnaa g „n. p a m a t h-3 a ií i a" BHKJiany; bíh 3MyniyG ynacHHKiB noniö GBaHrejibCbKoi ic- TOpil BHroaOHiyBaTH npOMOBH, BeCTH P03MOBH ohhh 3 ohhhm. BHMa- raionH nHMaaoro opaTopcbKoro BMÍHHa Bin, nponoBinHHKa, TaKi npo-noBifli, po3yMÍGTbca, 6yjiH acHBiini Ta eMoumHO Bpa3jiHBÍini. 139 JJ,o HaŮJiinniHx 3pa3KÍB ,,flpaMaxH3amT' b nponoBiflHX KnpHjia HajieHcaTt 3BopymjiHBi „njiani" Borc-MaTepi kojio xpecxa a6o Ho-CHiia ApHMaxeiícbKoro Hafl rpo6oM Xphctobhm: „Bce cTBopeHHH cniBHyBaG Mem, CHHy, 6anaHH, hk Te6e saSnxo HecnpaBefljiHBo! Topě Mem, ahthho moh, cBixe i xBopne cxBopeH-hh! HJo Mem 3apa3 onjiaKyBaTH: ^h ocmíhhhh Tbog? hh nojiHH-hhkh? hh BflapH no njienax? hh oónjitOByBaHHfl Tboto CBHXoro jihi^h? — m,o Th Ix npHHHHB Bifl 6e33aKOHHHX 3a (Tbog) np6-po. — Topě Mem! Te6e HenoBHHHoro, 3HeHemeHo, xa Th Ha xpecxi npHHHHB CMepxb! . . He6o BHcaxHyjiocH, i 3eMjia 3flpnr-HyjiacH . . . Bány Te6e, MHjia ahthho, Ha xpecxi 3aBHCJioro, 6e3-flyniHoro, 6e3 3opy... I ripno nopaHeHa moh flynia: xoxijia 6 3 T060K) pa30M yMepTH. .. Hhhí 6any Te6e hk 3Ji0flÍH, míjk abo-Ma po36ÍHHHKaMH, Mepn,H 3 npoSHXHMH enucoM peSpaMH. . . He xony híhxh, ajie xoxijia 6 BHnepeflHTH Te6e b neKJii... Cjiyxaž-xe, Hefíeca i Mope 3 3eMJieio, nonyiixe njian cjií3 moix! Bo BJKe Baui TBopent Bifl cBHm,eHHHKÍB cMepTb npHHMac, GflHHHH npaBefl-hhk 3a rpiniHHKÍB xa 6e33aKOHHHKÍB yMHpac! . . Topě MeHi! Ko-ro noKJinny flo cnijibHoro rniany, i 3 khm bhjijiio cjiÍ3 mo'íx no-xokh ? Yci Te6e 3ajraniHJiH, poflHni xa npHHxejii.. . J\e hhhí 36ip ceMHflecaxH yHHiB? fle HaHBHin,i anocTOJiH? .. Topě MeHi Icy-ce! . . Hk Monte ctohxh 3eMJiH, SaHHXH Te6e, BHCHHoro Ha xpec-tí? . . ITpHxoflbxe, noflHBixecH Ha TaGMHHino BojKoro npoBH-AÍhhh: hk Toro, xxo Bce ojkhbjihg, caMoro 3a6nxo npoKJiaxoio CMepxio!" IIofliÓHe íi rojiociHHH Hocnna ApHMaxeHCbKoro Hafl xíjiom Xpncxa npn noxopom: „CoHU,e He3axiflHe, Xpncxe, xBopne Bctoro i IlaHe cxbopíhhh! Hk flOTopKHycH flo HaHHHCTinioro xijia TBoro, HKoro He TopKawTtcfl ií He6ecm chjih, ih,o cjiyncaTt To6i 3 cTpaxoM? Hkhm cepnaHKOM o r o p h y Teóe, m,o oropxaGni TyMaHa-mh 3eMJiio xa noKpHBaGm He6o xMapaMH? Aóo hkí naxoqi bhjijiio Ha Tbog cBnxe xíjio, HKOMy flapn 3 naxoniaMH npHHOCHjin nepctm napi? . . Hkhx HaflrpoSHHx niceHb 3acnÍBaio 3 HaroflH Tbogi CMepxn, To6i, HKOMy yropi HeBnHHHo cepaípHMH cniBaiOTt?" Kocnn 3BepxaGXbCH 3 npoMOBOio flo Ilijiaxa, BHnpomyiOHH b Htoro tíjio XpncxoBe; XpncToc po3mobjihg 3 HeBipHHM Xomoio; HHroJi 3Bep-TaextCH po mhpohochhb. 3»opMy po3mobh Mac nponoBiflb npo po3-cjiafíJieHoro. Xpncxoc nnxac noro, hk i b GBaHrejiil, hh xo*ie bíh 6yTH 3flopoBHM, xofi onoBÍflaG npo cbíh cxaH: „BoroBi MOJiioca, Ta Bíh He cjiyxae MeHe, 60 6e33aKOHHH moí ne-peBHmyiOTb mok) rojiOBy; JIiKapHM BiflnaB yBect MaGTOK, aae apnoMorH He nicTaB; HeMae 3iaaa, mo Morjio 6 3míhhth Eoacy Kapy; 3HaöoMi moí HexTyioTb mhoio, 60 cMopin. míh no3ÔaBHB MeHe ycn-Kol panpcTH; I oanacHÍ moí copoMJiHTtca MeHe; HyjKHÍi CTaB h *iepe3 cbog cTpaacnaHHa 6paTaM moím; Yci aioRH aaioTb MeHe, i Toro, xto btíhihb 6h MeHe, He 3Ha- xonacy" fffljú HRe 3o6paaceHHH CTaHy xBoporo: ,,Hh Ha3By ce6e MepTBHM, — aae míh uiJiyHOK ôaatac iaü, a h3hk coxHe Bia, cnpara. nonyMaio, m,o a acHBHH, — aae He aniiie 3 aiacKa He Moacy BCTaTH, aae ň nocynyTHca He Moacy: Horn moí He xonaTh, a pyKaMH He anme npainoBaTH, aae h oÖMai^aTH ce6e He Moacy. H HenoxoBaHHH Mpeut, aK a ranaio: aiacKo ce moh Tpyna, fl MepTBHH míhc h noaíHpaioTb. He Maio aHi MacTKa, inp6 3anaaTHTH aionHHÍ, mo niKayBaaaca 6 MHOK) .. He Maio aHDRHHH, mo He HexTyiOHH mhoio, cayacnaa 6 Mem,... He Maio aioflHHH, mo noKaaaa 6 MeHe b Kyniab!" Ha mo npoMOBy XpHCToc BÍanoBÍn,aG TaKoa; npoMOBOK), — bch cbä-meHHa icTopia g, MOBaaB, cayatöa Boaca aionimi: i ctbopíhhh cBÍTy i B^oaoBi^eHHH Boace: „HoMy MOBHtti: He Maro jnoninra? ■S naa Teôe cteb aroniraoio, a meapnä Ta mhjiocthbhh, i He no-pyniHB o6ÍTy Moro b^ojioBiHeHHa ... ^jifl Te6e 6epjio BHinpro n,apcTBa 3ajiHHiHB, Ta MaHnpyio b hhhí-HbOMy, cjiyHĺaHH: h npHHHiOB He fljiH Toro, mp6 Mem cjiyacHjiH, ajie mp6 ca- MOMy CJiyjKHTH. JXjih. Te6e a, 6e3TÍjiecHHH ôynynH, bbíhhiob y tíjio, moô ycix bíb, nynieBHoi Ta TijiecHoí Heayrn BHjiiKyBaTH. .ZJjih Te6e a, HeBHnHHH HHrojibCbKHM cHjiaM, 3'aBHBca bcím jik>- naM... ... H CTaB aiOflHHOK), mo6 3POÖHTH jnoflHHy BoroM ... Xto íhuihíi BipHÍHie cayacHTb to6í? Ha npamo naa Te6e a ctbophb Bce CTBopeHHa. He6o Ta 3eMaa to6í cayataTb: Te BorKicTio, a n,a njion,aMH. JJjaa Teôe coHije cbítjiom Ta TenjioM cjiyacHTb, a Mican.b 3 3opa- mh HÍH OCBÍTaK>6. JJ.jih Teôe xMäpn npmeM 3eMJiio HanoioioTb. I 3eMaa Bcane 3ÍJiJia 3 HacnraaM Ta nepeBa 3 njionaMH Ha cayac- 6y to6í BHpomye. TJjiH Teôe piKH pnôy HOcaTb, a nycTHHi 3BÍpÍB ronyiOTb. A th MOBHHi: He MaK> JIIOnHHH! Xto hí e npaBaHBinioio jnonHHoio, híhí h, 60 He nopyniHB H. oôŕry Moro b^oJiOBiqeHHa!" npo 3u;iaeHHa po3CJiaÔJieHoro po3MOBaaiOTb míhí coÔok) khhhíhh-kh ... b íhhiíh nponoßini o3nppoBjieHHH cjiinoHapon,aceHHH BHxBa-jihg XpHCTa, b aaatiniH nponoßini hhitojih, npopoKH, cbhtí po3MOB-jiaiOTb y Heôi npo B03HeceHHa XpncTOBe, OTHce, h,íjihh pan, nponoBineii „n,paMaTH30BaHo". Aae hkhmh 6 peTOpHHHHMH He ÔyaH BCi uj. npOMOBH Ta p03M0BH, bohh BHOCaTb y nponoBini jiioncbKi, Tenjii, 6jiH3bKÍ cjiyxaneBi hoth. 6. YjiioôJieHHM cthjiícthhhhm 3acoôoM Knpnaa e TaKoat po3-BHHeHi äHiHi63E — npoTHCTaBJíeHHa. Iía pnca mob h npnoMa-rac cayxa^aM Kpame TpHMaTH 3míct nponoßineo y naM'aii. 3ne-ôijibinoro u,e npoTHCTaBJíeHHa jiioncbKOi Ta ôoacecbKoi' npHponn b XpncTi; TaKe npoTHCTaBJíeHHa mh Bace 3ycTpinajiH b MHTponojiH-Ta Iaapiona. Ocb aK po3BHBae Te caMe npoTHCTaBJíeHHa KnpHJio: llß „IlaH Haní Icyc Xphctoc po3n'fl- ajie sm Bor cohik} 3aTLMapHB i mí- THH HK JIIOflHHa, - Sk jiioflHHa bíh KpHKnyB Ta Bifl-aaB flyx, — £ík 3eMHoro u,apH cTeperjia noro CTopojKa Ta jiemaB bíh 3ane-naTaHHH y MorHjii, — CflHB 3p0ÓHB KpHBaBHM, í 6yjIO TeMHo no bcíh 3eMjii. ajie hk Bor cxpycHB 3eMjno, i Ka-míhhh po3najioca. ajie íik Bor 3 HHrojitctKHMH boi-HaMH b TBepnnHÍ neKJia óicoBct-khm CHjiaM HaKa3yBaB..." A60 b npoMOBi HHrojia 30 mhpohochd;b : „ToMy bíh 3 Heóec 3íhihob i btí- mp6 TpyxjiaBe ohobhth i Ha HeÓe- JIHBCH í CTaB JIIOflHHOIO, - Ca BHBeCTH. HenoBHHHHH 6yB, Ta Soro BHfla- HO (Ha CMepTb), — Ha tpocthhí b ry6n,i bíh CKyniTy-BaB oiiTy 3 jkobhio, — CnncoM npoSnTo HOMy pe6pa, — KpOB CBOK) BHTOHHB 3 pefíep, - m,o5 3anponaHHx rpixoBÍ Bifl He- BOJIÍ flHHBOJIOBOl BH3B0JIHTH. moĎ" 3aTepTH 3anncH jiioflctKHx rpixÍB. uio6 bíh BÍflBepHyB nojiyM'flHy 36pOK), uio 3a6opOHHG JIIOflHHÍ BCTyn 30 paio. Ta THM OHHCTHB TÍJieCHÍ nJIHMH H flyuiy jnoncbKy ocbhthb. 3b*íi3aHO noro i TepHaMH yBmm-ho, — CoHH,e 3aTBMapHB i CTpycHB 3eM-jiio i Bce CTBopeHHH njiaKaTH npHMycHB, — B rpoói noKJiaseHO Soro, sík MepT-Boro, — KaMÍHHjiM 3 nenaTKOio Soro 3a-nepTO, — JÍJifl bcíx BH3H0 CTeperjia noro CTopojKa, — mp6 BÍ3 KannaHÍB 3hhbojii>clkhx JIIOfleH 3BÍJILHHTH Ta TepHH OMSHH 6ÍCOBCBK01 BHKOpeHHTH. inp6 neKejiBHÍ komoph 3pyíÍHyBa-th (...Ta flynii, mo TaM nepe6y-BaJiH, Ha cbítjio BHBecTH i njia*! GBH Ha paflíCTb 3aMÍHHTH). h^06 bíh BÍfl bíkíb nOMepjIHM jkht- th flapyBaB. 11106 bíh neKejibHÍ BopoTa Ta Bepei flomeHxy po36hb. ajie HeBHflHo bíh 3Íhihob flo neKJia Ta 3B'H3aB caTaHy..." US IIofliÖHo 36ynpBaHä Ha npOTHCTaßaeHHax noxBajia HocnnoBi Apn-MaTeiicbKOMy, noxBajia BocKpeceHHio XpHCTOBOMy toib;o. b HaBene-HHX Binne nJiav°.x, npoMOBax, Teac 3HaHneMo nHMaao npoTHCTaBjieHb. I njiani, i npoMOBH, i aHTHTC3H, hk mh öaHHjiH, po3nanaioTbCH Ha neBHi p h t m i n h i onHHHui, Ta, yBaacHO HHTaiOHH nponoBinj. KnpHJia, mh MOHieMO HaBÍTb BÍAHyTH toh OpaTOpCbKHH p htm, tí pH- TopHHHi ynapH, Ha akhx noöyaoBaHa fioro KpacHa MOBa. Ilíe acKpa-Binie BHCTynae u;a pHTMÍnHicTb mobh b thx mích,hx, ae HaKynneHo napajiejii, ne 3 ycT npoMOBija BHXOflHTb noniÖHi oaHe n,o onHoro 6y-hoboio Ta 3MÍCT0M peneHHa. HaBeneMo npHKaan, b opHiiHajibHOMy TeKCTi, 60 nepeicnan, 3hhihhb 6h phtm. BenHKneHb g — „ynHBjíeHHe Ha HeöecH, h ycTpauieHHe npencnoflHHM-b, H OÖHOBJieHHe TBapH, h H3öaBJieHHe MHpy, pa3pymeHHe an,OBo, h nonpaHHe CMepTH, BT>CKpeeeHHe MepTBbiMTj, h noryöJieHHe npeaecTHbia BJiacTH fliaBOJia, cnaceHHe ace neaoBfenecKOMy pony XpHCTOBbIMTj BOCKpeceHHeMTj, oÖHHiijaHHe BeTxoMy 3aK0Hy, i nopaöoineHne cyÖOT-B, oöorameHHe XpncTOBbia H,epKBH, BoqapeHHe Hen^an..." A60 onoßinaHHa npo MHnocepna XpncTOBe, hkhh Hac „ÔJimTí Kt ce6r> npHBene, h Bcero HejioBT.Ka 3flpaBa cbTBopHBii, pa3caa6aeHaro BTjCTaBH, xpoMbia yÖbICTpH, npoKaaceHHbia ohhcth, cayKbia HcnpaBH, rayxia h ht,Mbia npöpfe cnbimama h rjiarojiHBM cbTBopn, cyxopyKbia yKpinn, ůkchi on, HeaoBTjKTs nporaa, cafcnbia npocBT>th..." IIoniÔHa pHTMÍKa 3ycTpmaGTbca Taicoac y „noxBajiax", 30KpeMa, ko-jih ix BHTpHMaHo b cTHai aKaípHCTÍB, Ta HaBÍTb b Hanaflax Ha „cpe-THKa" Apia: „cjiBiuiH, Apie, HeHHCTHBa ayuie, 6e3rJiaBHbIH 3BT>pK>, OKaHHHblH ^eJIOB'BHe, HOBbiö KaHHe, BTOptlH iKDfla, nJIOTHHblH ffBMOHe ..." (i t. 3. —. ycboro 16 peneHb). PHTMÍ30BaHÍ paflKH íhohí ö pH&iyioTb-ca, MaöyTb, anine ßnnanKOBO (oöxoacy :: nocayacy i t. n.). Aaixe-pan,iň He&iae. IIIyKaan b ^eaKHX pncax nponoBineü Knpnaa 3b'h3kíb 3 na-ponHOK) TBopaicTK) ((poaKatopoM), aae, 3na6ibca, 6e3iiincTaBHo. TaK no^axoK noBicTH npo po3caa6aeHoro: „HeH3RTBpHa HeöecHaa Bbicoxa, He HcmiTaHHa npencno^Haa rayÖHHa, HHaie cbTj^omo Eoacia CMoTpeHia TaHHCTBo", xoH i Haranye fleam (popaiyaH HapoflHoI noe3Ü, a caMe no*iaxoK pß-HKHx BapiaHTiß cxapnHH npo Coaoß'a BynnarapoBH^a, aae g annie TeKCTOM 3 CB. ÜHCbMa. B nponoBifli npo „co6op cb. otu;íb" Knpnao 3rany6 „nicHOXBop-njß", nio cnißaioib npo bíhcbkobí noflBHrn, nopiBHiOG oxnÍB n,epKBH 3 „BOGBonaMH", a 6opoxb6y npoxH Apia 3 öhxboio, aae aenße hh n,e HacaiflyßaHHa BiöcbKOBoro enocy. Pannie MoateMO npnnycKaxn BnjiHBH iíepKOBHoro KpacHOMOBCXBa Ha nÍ3HÍmy HaponHy noe3iio, Hiac HaßnaKH. MoBa Knpnaa npocxa xa xoa He ßiflxoflHXb 3Ha^HO bíh n,epKOB-Ho-caoB'aHCbKiix HopM, aae KopncxyeTbCH caoBaMH, ujo g i b Hapon-híh mobí. Ilpoxe Bca pexopn^ma Öynoßa fioro nponoßineä BHXonnTb 3 xpannnii „BHcoKoro cTHaio" rpenbKOi nponoBiai. MoacHa 6yao 6 nyMaxH npo „naani", hk BinryK roaociHb HapoflHHx, aae bohh no-xonaceHHH aixepaxypHoro, nin BnansoM anoKpncpiHHoI „GßaHreaii IaKOBa". 3ycxpinaGMo caifln i íhiuhx anoKpncpiB, — „Hhkohhmoboi GBaHreai'í"; b 3ranirj npo „pyKonncaHHa AnaMOBe" npo „njian Gbh", BHraaHOľ 3 paio, Moaceivio öannxn 3b'a30K 3 anoKpntpaMH „}Khixh 1 AflaMOBe" xa „Ilaan Gbh" xomp. PnTMÍKa nponoBinefi Knpnaa 6aH3b-Ka ho phxmíkh n,epKOBHHx cniBÍB xa MoanTOB. Aae KnpHao Haßanacyc o6pa3H, HaBiam noro B3Ípr(HMH, ho pin-Hol npnpoHH, ho pinnoro acnxxa. TaK b nopÍBHHHHi BeaHKOHHa 3 Bec-hok), inea «Koro nosn^eHa 3 nponoßini rpnropia EorocaoBa, Knpnao noniHpioG, po3po6aiOG o6pa3H xaöopoöcbm, aae 3obcím BHKHnaG 06-pa3H MopenaaBCXBa, nyaci öiabinocxi fioro cayxaniB. U5 7. Hrano 3ranyeMo nponoßini, HaneacmcTb hkhx Khphjiobí cyM-niBHa, to jiHine TOMy, m,o nponoBinHHnbKHH cthjib Knpnaa, mojk-jihbo, He 6yB noB'ii3aHHH BHKJiiOHHo 3 Tpannnieio „bhcokoi" npono-Bifli. Čepen, cyMHÍBHHx TBopiB, npnnHcyBaHHx KnpHjioBi, e npocri nponoBifli, HK Hanp., Ha 3ejieHi CBHTa, mo b Hiö KopoTKo Ta hcho onoBiflaiSTBca npo öaacaHHa Borne BpaTyBaTH nponoBinjno rpiniHHKiB aöo npo BajKjiHBicTb n,epKOBHoi HayKH 3 TaKHM nprenHHM 3aKÍH-neHHHM: „Kojih 6 a moflHa po3n,aBaB 30JIOTO aßo cpi6ao aöo Men, hh bhho, hh He npHxoflHaH 6 bh caMi HenoKaHKam Ta pannan 6 íhihhm npHxoRHTH? A hhhí po3naio caoBa Eoaü, njo He3MipHo Jiinini 3a 3oaoTO Ta KaMuma npporonJHHe i cononini 3a Men, Ta iniab- HHKH . . ." MoacaHBO, inp KnpHao 6yB aBTopoM i^hx nponoBineii, 60 He Tpeöa AyMaTH, mo Bei nponoßini Toro caMoro aBTopa MycaTb 6yTH onHaKOßi CTHaiCTHHHO. Xoh i He opHrmaaBHi n.yMKaMH, nponoßini Knpnaa laajiH HHMa-jiHH ycnix y caoB'aHCBKHx jiiTepaTypax, nonepexonnaH bohh i Ha BaaKanH Ta BBifiinaH b CKJian, 3ÔipoK BHCOKoaBTopHTeTHHX cbhto- OmiBCBKHX TBOpiß. BoHH nOBXOHHaH Í H,0 nÍ3HÍUIHX JjpyKOBaHHX 36Í- pOK nponoßineö (17-18 ct.), npH3HaqeHHX roaoBHe nna HHTaHHH. IleTpo Mornaa 3ranye Knpnaa an onHoro 3 BH3HaHHHx nponoBin,-hhkíb cTapoi PycH, a KnpHao TpaHKBiaioH CTaBpoBenbKHÖ HaßiTb Hacaiflye fioro b cboíh „yHHTenbHiŕi GBaHreaii'". 3ycTpinaeMO b 17 b. HacaiayBaHHH noro i b pocíhcbkíh JiiTepaTypi. 8. BHflaTHiniHM MHcnnreaeM, Hiac BeaHKHH noeT-KpacHOMOBent Knpnao, 6yB CTapniHH iioro cynacHHK KaHMeHT (Kjihm) CMoaaTHH — nepHeub y 3apy6i KmBCbKOMy*, aKoro 1146 p. BHCBaneHo Ha KHÍBCbKoro MHTponoaHTa, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, 3aBnaKH fioro caaßi hk npo-noBiflHHKa Ta ,,(piaoco(pa", piBHoro aKOMy 3a aiTonncoM „He ôyBano Ha Pyci". BHCBaneHHa MHTponoaHTa 6e3 „ôaarocaoBeHHa" Uapro-poncbKoro naTpiapxa BHKaHKaao bcjihkí ycKaanHeHHa, i TOMy aac no 1164 p. KaiiMeHT 6yB to MHTponoanTOM, to ainne npeTeHn,eHTOM Ha MHTponoaH^y KaTenpy. 3HaeM0, nu;o KaHMeHT cjiaBHBca ßorocjioB-CbKOK) ocbítoh) Ta 6yB npHxnabHHKOM cHMBoaiaHOi iHTepnpeTau.il CBHToro ÜHCbMa (HI. 3). Ajie, Ha acaab, nponoBineii, mo 3 neßmcTio MoaceMo npnnHcaTH KaHMOBi, He MaeMo. 36eperjiaca nponoßinb-noxBana cb. otuhm, nonjÓHe no aica-(pHCTy npocjiaBaeHHH OKpeMHx cbhthx. 3a HaaeacHicTb nboro ,,cao- *) ITpHnymeHHH, mo Kjihm 6iJiopyc, 3 CMOJiencbKa — 6e3iriflCTaBHe: „Cmo-jiHTHq" He BH3Haiae noxoflHceHHH 3 CMOJieHCBKa, a pa^nie npi3BHme sa npo-cpeciio (CMOJiHp) a6o 3a ím'hm 6aTbKa (CMOJia). U6 Ba" Kjihmobí npoMOBjíae 3ran,Ka b híh npo 3aÔHToro 1147 p. b Khgbí KHH3H-neHi^H Iropa. 3arajii>Ha xapaKTepncTHKa cbhthx, nepHenoro JKHTTH Ta „CMixy rinHoro" jkhtth „y cbítí" 36ynpBaHÍ 3 phtmíhhhx peneHB. /JeaKi mích,h HaranyioTb nponoBiab npo nepHene jkhtth, npn-nncyBaHy IaapioHOBi (II. B. 6). Abtopctbo KnnMa HeneBHe. .ZJpyra nponoBiflB, „npo aioöoB", — KopoTina Ta npocTinia, 36ynpBaHa Ha TeKCTax, roaoBHe 3 Ioana, ninKpecaiOG 3HaneHHa xphcthhhcbkoi aio-60BH napaflOKcaabHHM: „6e3 jiioöobh am xpHineHHa HaM He npno-Moace, am noKaaHHa", 60 aroöoB, MOBaaB: IIoKpoB BÍ3 cneKH rpixoBHoi, Beaca Ta CTÍHa npoTH BoporiB, JliKyBaHHH XBOpHM, Karon iíapcTBa... HBepi HeSecHi, mo BenyTt y acHTaa bí^hí ... I nponoBÍnHHK 3aKJiHKaG cayxamB*. Ty BtsaioÖHMT», tok) npH6aH3HMca kt> Bory, tok> cepn.n,a cboh cbnaeTeivrb, TOK) flyniy CBOH) CbTBOpHM, Ta 60 Bpaacny BCHKy pa3opaeTb, Ta npHBOHHT Hfci ktj Bory. .. JlKmo nponoBini n,i i He HaaeacaTb KaHMOBi (npyra Haraayc íioro nocaaHHa — hhb. III. 3 — fleaKHMH 3BopoTaMH), to bohh, b Koac-HOMy pa3i HaaeacaTb 30 noTaTapcbKoi apôn Ta npBoa,HTbf mo n,eaKÍ pHCH nponoBinefi Knpnaa TypiBCbKoro, aK phtmíhhíctb, CHHxaKCHH-hhh napaaeaÍ3M y öynoBi peneHb, xapaKTepncTHHHi njia CTHaio Toro nacy. 9. JJ,o naciB KnpHjia TypiBCbKoro HaaeacHTb i aHOHÍMHa npono-Biflb, m,o BiflOMa nin. Ha3BOK> „CaoBO npo KHH3ÍB", Ta CTocyGTbca no CBHTa nepeHeeeHHH moih;íb Bopnca Ta Faiöa i 3aKaHKac khh3íb 3a-JIHUIHTH cboí „KOTopn", ycoÔHiji. „CaoBo" nocTajio, Maôyľb, Ha Hep-HÍrÍBňi,HHÍ, íiMoBipHo 3 npHBony non,ÍH 1175 p. Bopnc Ta Taiô g naa nponoBiflHHKa B3Ípn,eM noKopn Ta MHpoaioôHocTH. Ilopyn noxBaan ím, 3Haxo3HMo noaÍTHaH0-3arocTpeHi nyMKH Ta 3aKJiHKH: „CayxaHTe khh3í, mo bh npoTHBHTeca CTapmin 6paTii, BiííHy 3HHHHGTe Ta noraHHx HaBonHTe Ha öpaTTio cbokd! Hh He ocy-3htb Toro Bor Ha CTpaniHÍM cynnmi? Iljo cbhtí Bopnc Ta Tai6 nepeTepnian Bin, 6paTa CBoro? He TiabKH no36aBaenHa Bjiann, a ň no3óaBneHHH «chtth! Bh ac caoBa ôpaTOBi He MoaceTe CTep- iiíth, 3a Majiy oônny nin,ÍHMaGTe BopoacHeny CMepTOHocHy i no-míh ôepeTe y noraHHx Ha cboio öpaTTio!" XtyMKH CBoi nponoBÍRHHK noTBepnacyc npHKaaaaMH 3 Cßaroro ÜHCbMa, a TaKOJK 3 jkhtth khh3íb BojioRHMHpa, BopHCa Ta Tjiiöa Ta ,,3 cBOGi 3eMjii" (HepmriBinHHa) khh3h /JaBnaa CßarocaaBHaa (no-Mep 1123 p.). IIponoBiflHHK po3noBÍnaG npo nyneca, mo CTaancn no CMepri KHfl3íi .ZJasHna — po3CÍBCH Bepx noro TepeMqfl (hk yßi chí CBHTOcjiaBa b „Cjiobí o nojiKy Iropeßi"), 30 cbítjihiů bjiôtíb oíjihh rojiyö i cíb KHH3eßi Ha rpyaax. Ilin, nac noxopoHy 3'aBHaaca 3opa, a coHu;e 3aaeKaao, noKH khh3h noxoBaiOTb, 60 bíh ,,hí 3 khm He Maß BopoacHeni. Koan xto Ha HBoro niniiiMaBCH bíhhoio, bíh Ty BiíÍHy no-Kopoio cbogk) nepeTepnÍB, . .. hk xtocb 3 öpaTiß 3Po6htb fioMy, 6y-Baao, KpHBfly, bíh yce 3hochb. KoMy xpecT H,iayBaB, to 3a Bce «chtth cbog He nepecTynaB, Koan ôoMy xto He apnepacyBaB njayBanHa, bíh oflHaKOBO npnepacyBaB. HÍKoan He CKpHBnHB, aHÍ 3aa ne y^hhhb. . ." ^aBHfl 6yB öaaaceHHOK) aionHHoio i CTaB bíh TaKHM, He nocTpnraioaH-ca b HeHni, MaBuiH nchrny Ta nÍTen (m. íh. nenepcBKHH cßaTHÖ Mh-Koaa CßaTonia 6yB noro chh. /Jhb. III. V. 4). AßTop noBonHTb uhm npHKaanoM, iup i b cbítí MoaíHa cnacTHca — „copoMTeca Bace bh, uio BoporyeTe Ha öparno Baniy i Ha on,HOBÍpn,íb cboix! 3KaxHÍTBCH i naaaTe nepen. BoroM, inaKine BrpaTHTe caaBy (He6ecny) 3a onHe TÍatKH cbog 3aonaM'aTCTBO." lía hochtb npocTa KOMno3Hn;ÍHHO Ta CTHaicTH^Ho, aae naTeTHHHa nponoBinB, n;ÍKaBa Raa Hac i cbogio mhphoio ineoaorieio, iik> ne b ho My Haranyc ineoaoriio aBTopa „CaoBa o noaKy Iropeßi". 10. OnHe „IIoyHeHHG", nanncaHe, MaöyTB, ne nÍ3HÍme noaOBHHH 13 ct., 3aanniHaoca Bin lOpia 3apy6cBKoro, neHim Tóro caMoro Ma-HacTHpa, 3bí,n;KH BHÖniOB i KaHM CMoaaTHH. üponoßinB acKern^Ha, äßTop HaßiTb panHTB He niynaTH Mynpnx BHHTeaiß, 60 i aBTop, He SBaacaiOHH na „rpyöicTB" (npoCTOTy), Moace CKa3aTH, m;o Tpeöa, inp6 cnacTHca. „noy^emíc" He annie HaB^iaG xphcthhhcbkhx MecHOT, aae panHTB ymncaTH cbítcbkoí KyaBTypn: „cKopoMoxa, . . . rynrm Ta CBHpira", hkhx aionn cayxaiOTB „naa rayMa" (po3Barn); „n,e Kpaca Ta panicTB niaaennx lOHaniB", a xpHcrnaHCBKa My3HKa, xpncTHaHCb-kí ,,rycaa" n,e — „KpacHa, KpacHorojioca ncaarap, anoio Tpeöa ce6e 3BeceaaTH nepen. IlaHOM XpncTOM BoroM HaniHM". I anoaoria „npo-ctoth" i nparHeHHH 3anpoBanHTH acKeTH3M y „cbít" — xapaicTe-Phcthhhí nan nocaiflOBHoro acKeTH3My, mo nÍ3HÍnie 3HaHinoB b yn-paiHCBKifi airepaTypi TaKoro BH3HanHoro npencTaBHHKa, hk IßaH BnnieHCBKHH. 11. B aiTonnci nin. p. 1199 3anncaHa npoMOBa-nponoBint iry-MeHa BHny6en,BKoro MaHacTHpn Moncea. Ue nonjraa khh36bí Pk>- lJf8 piiKOBi PocTHCJiaBiraeBi, mo BHÔynyBaB kojio MaHacrapn CTmy, ana Maaa oxopoHHTH öynoBH MaHacrapa Bin cnoB3aHHa 3eMai no /Imnpa. H.e ypoMHCTa nnuiHa npHBiTaabHa nponoßrflb. TyT 3ycTpiHeMO Becb aiaria30H 3aco6iß yponncToro KpacHOMOBCTBa: roaoc caMonpHHH-aceHHH (He annie npo cboio „rpyöieTb", aae TaKoai npo „hhihcto-yMHG" roBopHTB npoMOBeiib), i po3KiuiHe nopÍBHaHHa „necHHx caiß, 6oroaio6HBHx bhhhkíb Ta nepacaBH caMOBaannoi" PiopHKa, inp, mob-aaß, BinoMi He annie ,,b PycbKHx kíhuhx", aae i naaeKO 3a MopeM, 3 „CBiTaoM cohhhihhm, 3pocTaHHHM míchiih, Kpacoio 3ip Ta nacoM, mo He3MÍHHo 3aK0HH TßopiiH yTpHMye". H,e nopiBHHHHH HäBÍTb cpi-aococpiHHo oörpyHTOBaHe: menpoTy PiopHKa MoacHa nopiBHHTH Í3 BcecBÍTOM, 60, MOBaaB, „nyma öoroMynporo — Maae Heöo", ceöro „míkpokocm". HJenpicTb PiopHKa Mac cTaTH npHKaanoM naa ihihhx, BHBOflHHH ix 3 ,, HeßiabHHirrßa HeMHaocepncTBa Ta 3 niTLMH cKynoc-th", Abtop He CKynHTbca na 6í6jiíhhí nopÍBHaHHa: „He Ha 6epe3i CTaBinn, a Ha ctíhí, mo th ctbophb, cnißaio to6í nicHio noßinHy, ano MapiaM Koancb" (3 Qraporo 3aBÍTy). Abtop 3ranyc i Hapoam nepe-Ka3ii npo Te, HOMy ManacTHpcbKa nepKßa Ha KpyTOMy 6epe3i JJlmnpa noci He 3aBaanaaca nepe3 cnoB3aHHa 3eMai: onni KaacyTb, mo BOHa caMa BincyßaGTBca Bin öepera, iHnii, mo ii yTpnivryG 3oaoTa BoaocHH-Ka, cnymeHa 3 Heßa (hk cb. Cocpňo b IJaproponi). Beet i^eä apceHaa CHMBoaiKH, peTopHKH Ta bhchocth BaiHTo 3 npHBony nonii MicneBoro Ta nocHTb npiÖHoro 3HaneHHa! MacMO me 3pa30K nponoßini-noxBaan He CBÍTCbKoi nboro caiwe rany. H,e nponoBinb-noxBaaa cb. KanMeHTOßi, moiiii aKoro aeataan b cTapiH /íecaTHHHÍH nepKßi, cnoayneHa 3 noxßaaoio KHa3eßi (mohí-aHßo ToMy caMOMy PiopHKOßi), hkhh „ßinnoßHB" nepKßy. noxBaaa BHKopncTOßyG CTapy noxBaay (11 ct. ?); Ha acaab, ne MaiOHH ii noß-Horo TeKCTy, ne Moaoia nopiBHHTH oöox TBopiß cTHaicranHo. Craab HOBoi nponoBini peTopHHHO-pHTMr-iHHH. Haranyionn npo RiJia Ta ny-neca cb. KaHMeHTa, aßiop roBopHTb npo 3HaneHHH mohiíb KaHMeHTa nJiH KiiGBa b MHHyaoMy Ta npocHTb ßoro oniKH b MaööyTHbOMy. „Hk HHTHHy b Mopi" (b mABonHiii iiepKBi — nyno KaHMeHTa, onoBinaH-HH npo HKe icHyßaao ß KHißCbKifi aiTepaTypi 11 ct.) KaHMeHT oxo-poHHß Bin „6e3COHsniHHx 3BÍpÍBM, TaK i thx, mo noro aioßaaTb, xan bíh OXOpOHHG Bin ,,HeßHnHMHX 3BÍpÍB" , . . i t. fl. 3aKÍHMeHHH 3ÖyAO- BaHe Ha nyMiji npo „CTapniHHCTBo" roni Bace noaiTHMHo Ta eKOHOMin-HO ninynaaoro KnGBa. Abtop rpae caOBOM „CTapfcöineHCTBOBaTH", mo BH3HanaG i cTapicTb bíkom i roaoByBaHHH, npoßin: „XpHCTOaBDÖHOMy Ta BipHOMy KHH3eBÍ HanioMy BHnpocH (KaHMeHTe) KopncHe, 11106, KpiM TenepiniHboro noöporo npoöy-BaHHH, bíh i BinHoro Saara cnonoöHBca, 60 bíh nepefiHHB noöpo- U9 fliäcTBo npa6axi>KÍBCi>Ke, BiaHOßaaioaH DjepKBy tbok> ... Tenep Hexaä bíh TiniHTbca cTapinyioan Miac khh3hmh ... Xaä pafliG i toh (mhrpo noaHT), mp, cxapniyioaH Miac apXHGpeHMH, IUaCJIHBHH TUM, IU.0 TBOG1 CBHTHHÍ flOTOpKyGTBCH Ta ocBaayc sipHHx ansäen! Hexan ßeceaaTbca ropoacaHH Hažciapinoro Miac míc-TaMH MÍCTa Hauioro, inacaHBi tboim 3acTynaeHHHM i 3aBHcaH nepeöyßaKDHH 3 to6ok>! Hexan cßiTao CBHTKyc macjiHBim tbíh KJinp, h a h c t a p-iiiHH 3 ycboro KJinpy (pyctKoro) ... Hexan KpacHo CBHTicyiOTb yci, mp niaHyioTb tboio naM'aTb BipOK) Ta aiOÖOB'K)". 12. 3obcím mmol aTMoccbepn nepeHocHTb Hac n'aTb npono-Biaeä CepanioHa, cnncKona BojioanMHpcbKoro (Cy3aaabCbKoro). Bohh aHxaioTb ayxoM MopajibHoi cyBopocTH. He aHBo: CepanioH Ta noro cayxaai nepeacnaH TaTapctny HaBajiy, pyrny KneBa Ta Cy3-aajibCbKoro Kpaio, noBHHH rocnoaapcbKHH Ta noaÍTHaHHH niaynaa, niaÖHTTa xpncTHaHCbKHX KHH3ÍBCTB nia BJiaay „noraH". CaHHa Te-Ma, m,o npoxoanTb jihíítmothbom aepe3 nponoßiai CepanioHa, — TeMa „Kapn Boacoi". npo CepanioHa 3HaeMo HeÖaraTo: p. 1274 noro BHCBaaeHo 3 apxHMaHapHTÍB KHGBO-neaepcbKoro MaHacrapa Ha enncicona Boao-aHMnpcbKoro, aae Bace 1275 p. bíh noMep. UIp fioro nponoßiammb-Ka aiaabnicTb He oÖMeacyBaaaca anme Ha thx nponoßiaax, inp Riö-niJiH ao Hac, npo ne CBiaaHTb caM CepanioH, inp roßopHTb npo cboi nponoßiai: „BaraTo pa3ÍB Ka3aB a BaM", ,,3aßacaH ciio b HHBy cep-aen,b Bamnx ciM'a ßoacecTßeHHe", ,,a, rpiniHHH, 3aBacan Bay Bac" i T. a- 3a 3raaKaMH npo neBHi „Kapn Boaci": 3eMaeTpyc, Heöecm 3HaKH, nomecTb (1230), TaTapcbKa HaBaaa (1237), Hapenm noBÍHb y .ZJypainjo (1273) MoaceMo aaTyBara nponoßiai. OaHy Moama 3 neBHicTK) BiaHecTH me ao khibcbkhx aaciß CepanioHa. Hie oany MoacHa TaKoac BianecTH ao thx aaciß Ha niacTaßi noro 3BepTaHHa ao cayxaaiß caoBOM ,,6paTHG", Tpn iHmi HaaeacaTb yace ao ocTaH-híx poKÍB acHTTa CepanioHa, Koan bíh 6yB yace cimcKonoM, cyaaan 3 3MÍCTy Ta 3BepTaHHa ao cayxaaiß caoßaMH „aira" (aaaa). Aae Bei nponoßiai HaaeacaTb, po3yMÍGTbca, ao „khibcbkoi iukojih" npo-noBiaHHi^TBa. nepina KHi'BCbica nponoBiaß CepanioHa npHCBaaeHa 3aoBÍcHHM 3HaKaM — 3aTeMHeHHHM Ta HeinacTHM — 3eMaeTpycoßi, nomecTi, bíhhí. Jlpyra KHi'BCbica Í oaHa 3 fioro Bace GmiCKoncbKHX nponoßi-aefi npHCBaaeHi TaTapcbKÍH HaBaai. H,i HenjacTH, Ha ayMKy CepanioHa, ,,Kapn Boaci" 3a rpixn aioacbid, Haa ijhmh rpixaMH bíh 3y- 150 iiHHHGTLCfl. ,ZJbí emicKoncbKi nponoßini CepanioHa CKepoBam npoTH 3a6o6oHÍB, — npoTH nepecaiflyBaHHH BiflbOM Ta HaKJiyHÍB-BOJiXBÍB Ta BHKonyBaHHH tíji noMepjiHx HenpHpoflHOio CMepTio, noTonejibHH-kíb Ta yňaBjíeHHKÍB. 3a n,i 3a6o6oHH Bor i Kapae jnoneií. yci npono-Bifli CepanioHa 3oöpaacyiOTb cynacmcTb hk HaöJiHHceHHa kíhuíi CBÍTy. Biflciaa ix MopajibHa cyBopicTb Ta noBaacmiH toh. IJh cyBopicTb He BHKJHOHae flöanjiKBOi JiiTepaTypHoi oöpoÖKH. Horo nponoßifli BHTOH^eHi He MeHuie, amac Knpnaa TypiBCbKoro, JIHUie 3MÍCT IX He CHMBOaÍHHHH, a peaabHHÖ. OcHOBHHM MHCTeUbKHM 3aco6oM CepanioHa e pHTMÍ3an,ia mobh, mo pa30M 3 HaKynneHHHM o6pa3ÍB „Kap BoacHx" xa „rpixiB aioncbKHx" thm cnabrnuie Moace BnjiHHyTH Ha cßiflOMicTb cayxaniB. AKTyaaÍ3ai^ia flyMKH nepe3 noB-TopeHHa npH3HaHeHa b CepanioHa He naa *ieHn,ÍB Ta He naa Bmnnx kíji cycnijibCTBa, a 6e3yM0BHo, flaa „npocToro" Hapofly. Ocb sm bíh noBTopeHHaMH npncnaioe cbog cjiobo: Mh He cayxaJiH cBaHreaii, He cayxaaH anocioaa, He cayxaaH npopoKÍB, He cayxaaH cbíthji bgjihkhx . . . A6o: BaraTo pa3ÍB Ka3aB a 30 Bac, öaacaiOHH BiflBecTH Bifl Bac 3Jii 3BH-^ai, aae 6a*iy, mp bh híhk He 3MÍHK>GTeca: XtO 6yB P03ÔÍHHHK0M, p03Ô0IO He 3aaHHIHB, XTO Kpane, KpafliacKH He 3ocTaBHB, XTO HeHaBHfliB npHHTeaiB, BopoacHeni He npiniHHHB, XTO THiTHTb Ta rpaÖye íhhihx, He HacHTHBca, XTO 6paB BiflcoTKH, BÍflcoTKÍB 6para He nepecTaB, xto p03nyCHHK, p03nyCTH He KHHyB, XTO aaaBca Ta nnaHHB, 3bhhok cboíx He noKHHyB. iHfle: He 6yao Kapn, mp Hac 6h oMHHyaa i hhhí 6e3nepecTaHHO KapaG Hac (Bor), aae He 3BepHyanca mh flo Tocnofla, He noKaaanca b Haninx 6e33aKOHCTBax, He BiflCTyrmaH Bifl 3anx 3BHHa'íb HaniHx, He OHHCTHaHca Bifl 6pyfly rpixoBHoro, ... ToMy He 3ynHHflGTbca anxo, mo Hac MyHHTt... 151 A6o: IIpaBny sajinuijura, jiioöoBH He MaeTe, 3aBHCTL Ta oÖMaH HCHpyiOTL cepen, Bac, i 3apo3yMiBCH n,yx Barn. MaGTe noraHCbKi 3bhhkh: b naKJiymB BipHTe, najiHTe BorHeM HenoBHHHHX jHoaefl. TaK caaio CepanioH nepejiinyc Kapn Eoati — 3HaKH HeßecHi, nouiecTi Ta XBopoÖH, HaBajiy noraHCbKy Ta Bei Hemacia, 3 Hero 3ß'a3aHi: Mh 6anHJiH, hk coHi^e 3arHHyjio, HK MiCflm, 3aTBMapHBCfl, flK 3ipKH 3MiHAJIHCfl, a HHHi 3eMJieTpye cboümh onHMa öannjiH ... npHHIHOB flO HaC Hapifl aCOpCTOKHH, MiCTaMH HaiHHMH 3aB0a0niB, i^epKBH cbatü* 3pyflHyBaB, OTHIB i ÖpaTiB HaiHHX 3äÖHB, MaTepiB Ta cecTep Hauinx 3HeHecTHB . . . CrpaiHHo gcte» jnon,HHi ninnacTH raiBy EoacoMy. Horo mh He 6aHHjiH, m,o Ha Hac npHÖnuio b u\m acHTTi? Horo mh He HaKJiHKajiH Ha eeöe? hkhx Kap Bin. Bora He npHHHHJin? Hh He 3anojioHeHo 3eMJiio Hauiy? He 3axonjieHO MicT Hauinx? hh He nonanajiH ÖaTbKH Ta ßpara Hauii TpynoM Ha 3eMJiH>? hh He 3aßejiH acmoK Hauinx Ta niTeä y nojioH? hh ocTaHHix He oöepHyjiH y ripKy hcbojiio Hyaomni? Ocb yace copoK poKiß 6yne Tyrn Ta MyKH, i nonaTKH Baacm Ha Hac He npHnHHawTbca, roaon,, noniecTi b HanioMy jkhttI, i 3 Hacojiopoio xjiiöa Hanioro icth He MoaceMo, i cToriH Haui i nenaab cyuiaTb koctI Haiui. Xto jk Hac n,o nboro HOBiB? Hauie 6e33äKOHHa, Hami rpixH, Hania HenocaynimcTb, Hanie HenoKaaHHa... 152 Bor — hělbíb Ha Hac Hapoa, jkopctokhíi, Hapon, jiiothíí, HapOfl, ujo hg ma^htb k)H01 KpaCH, XBOpOÖH CTapHX, MOaonOCTH fliTeÖ . . . 3pyÖHOBaHO ô"OHCeCTBeHHÍ BjepKBH, 3aHeHHineHÍ nocynn cbhtí, noTonTaHi cbhtÍ mícijh, enncKonÍB noacep Men, KpoB othíb Ta Öpariß HauiHx, aKo Bon,a, pacHO Hanoiaa 3eMJiK), KHH3ÍB HaiHHX, bogboh, míhl 3aHHKaa, öaraTHpi nami noBHi ataxy BTeitJiH, ôiabHiicTB öpariß Ta niTeä Haiunx 3aBeaeHO b iiojioh, ceaa Haiui öyp'aHOM nopocan, i BeaHH Hama ynoKopnaaca, Kpaca Haina 3arHHyaa, 6araTCTB0 Haine nimao im Ha 3np6H% npaino Hamy 3a6pajiH norám, 3eMaa Hama CTaaa MaÔHOM HyacHHn,íb, b raHbôy mh 6yan cycinaM 3eMai Hamoí, b nocMix 6yan BoporaM 3eMai Hamoi . . Phtmíhhícti>, mo b nepeKaani Bea&mh 3aTepTa, me nocnaioe noBTo-peHHa rax caMHX caiß b OKpeMHx pe^eHHax („Hame", „Ham" i t. n.., „BHflixoM-b" = ôa^Han, „aine" = hkiuo, toiho). AaÍTepau.íh Maöace HeMa. iHonj 3aKÍmieHHH cycinmx peneHb pHMyeTbca: 3eMaio Hama nycTy CTBopnma, h rpaflH Hanin nafeHHnia, h DjepKBH CBHTHa po3opnma, OTU,a h 6paTHK» Hama H36nma. .. PeTopn^Hi 3aco6n, akhx yacHBac CepanioH, HenncaeHHi, aae rano-bí: n;e nocTinm 3annTaHHa np cayxaaiB, hí6h nponoBinHHK He anme BHMaraG Bia, hhx BHKOHaHHa npnnnciB BoacHx, a xone nicTaTH Ha u,e ix BaacHOi 3ronn, PiaKi bhkjihkh („O, 6e3yMHG 3aoG!", „O, Maao-ßipHG!" a6o „Hh n,e Banie noKaaHHa?"). — HannacTiine toh npo-noBÍn,i — hí6h po3MOBa 3 cayxanaMH. 3a6HBaioTb bí^bom: „Ohhh n,e poÔHTB Í3 BopoacHeai, mmHH, ßaacaioan ripKoi tígí KopncTH, a íhuihíí, He noBHHH po3yMy, anme b6hth, norpaöyßaTH, aae HOMy Ta KOrO bôhth, He 3HaG ..." AHTHTe3H 3yCTpwaiOTI>CH piflKO. 15S 3 a b JK n h ciio b HHBy cepflenb Baninx cím'h ôojKecTBeHHe, h i k o ji n He 6aHHB, mp6 BOHo npopocjio Ta pajio njiifl. BejíHKHMH Focnoflb Hac cotbophb, a MH Hepe3 HecjiyxHHHicTb m a ji h m h 3po6hjihch ... HK MH CTajIH M a JI i, poÔHMo ce6e bcjihkhmh... 3aTe jiioÖHTb CepanioH rapHi nopÍBHHHHH: „He TaK TyHĺHTB MaTH, ÔanaHH fliTeä cboíx x b o p h m h, hk si, rpiuiHHH OTei^b Bani, ôa^iann Bac xbophmh Ha 6e33aKOH-hí bhhhkh" ; „3aB>Kn,h c i 10 b HHBy cepneub Bauinx cím'h 60- ÜCeCTBeHHe" j „HK 3BÍp XOHe HaCHTHTHCH tíjiom, TaK i mh Hca- paGMO i He nepecTaeMo, mp6 ycix 3aryÖHTH. 3 b i p, ibhih, Ha-CHiyGTBCfl, a m H HaCHTHTHCH He MOHCeMO" ; „He ÔyptTe híôh komhui, mp noro xHTae BÍTep", „He MOJKe naôaH yTiníH- THCH, HK 6aHHT£>, UJO BÍBUÍ 3aX0njIK)6 B O B K, HK H BTÍUiyCfl, KOJiH 6any, mo KOMycb 3 Bac mpcb 3anon,ÍG 3jihh bobk- fl h h- B O ji?" TOIHO. 06pa3H CepanioHa 3poCTaiOTb 30 CTpaniHHx o6pa3ÍB ocTaHHboro cy-jry, ocTaHHÍx nHÍB 3eMJii h jiK>n,cTBa, npnxin, hkhx bíh nepepnyBaG Ta npo hkí roBopHTb; „Kapn Bojkí" íhohí 3o6pa>KyG bíh hk Kapn ocTaHHi: „3eMJiH, Bip nonaTKy TBeppo nocTaBjíeHa xa HepyxoMa, 3a HaKa30M Eojkhm hhhí pyxaeTbCH, rpixaMH HaniHMH CTpyíneHa, 6e33aKOHHH Hauioro hochth He MOJKe"; „Hhhí (Bor) 3eMJieK> TpyCHTb Ta XHTaG: 6e33aK0HHÍ rpiXH HHCJieHHÍ CTpyCHTH 3 3eM- jii xone, hk JiHCTH 3 nepeBa". . . Ajie CepanioH He tíjibkh nponoBÍflHHK npo KÍHenb cBiry, bíh xoqe BcejíHTH b cepnn cboíx cjiyxaniB i Haniio — „norjiHHbTe cepfleHHHMH oHHMa Ha bhhhkh Baini, 3HeHa-BHflbTe Ta BÍflKHHbTe íx, npHHflÍTb np KaHTTH. Thíb Eohchíi ymyx-He, MHjiocTb rocnoflHH Í3ÍJiJi6TbCH Ha Hac, Ta mh b panpcri nOHÍH- BeMO b 3eMJIÍ HaHliä; „3aBHCn,H b JIK>6oBÍ EOíKÍH 3ajIHHIHBUIHCH, MHpHO nOHÍHBeMo" . . . ,ZJbí najibuii nponoBini, mpRO hkhx aBTopcTBo CepanioHa HeneB-He, flynce noniÔHi 30 po3rjiHHeHHx ynce. Mojkjihbo, mo ne g Hacjii-ayBaHHH nponoBifleS CepanioHa hkhmcb íhhihm aBTopoM. 13. He 3ynHHHGM0CH Ha íhhihx nponoBinnx, mo Ix HajieHcmcTS, np nÍ3Hboí KHH3ÍBČbK0i enoxH ÖMOBipHa aôo Ř neBHa. Bnce tí TBopnr inp mh i'x po3rjiHHyjiH, CBÍpHaTb npo bhcokhö po3bhtok niei rajiy3i Hanioi cTapoí jiiTepaiypn. 151f Tpeöa 3BepHyTH yBary Ha pÍ3H0MamTHiCTb cxapoyKpaiHCbKHX nponoBifleö, HaBtib cepen, thx, po3MipHo HeHHCJieHHHX, mo 3ÖeperjiH-CH np Hamoro nacy. CxapoxpHcxHHHCbKa nponoBinb He onHOXHnoBa, TOMy iýKaBO ninKpecjiHXH, mp cxapi yKpaiHCbKi nponoßinHHKH He HacjiiflyBaJiH HKorocb onHoro THny, a OHeBHpHO, HacjiinyiOHH pi3HÍ xnnH, öaHcajiH 3anpB0jibHHXH nyxoBHi noxpeÔH p i 3 h h x kí ji cjiy-xanÍB. Hboro He 3po3yMÍjia cxapa couiHJibHO-nojiixHHHa niKOjia ícto-pi'i Jiixepaxypn. 3HaneHHH CTapoi nponoBinn He ôyjio n,jiH Hei 6e3cyM-híbhhm. Ha BHXOHHeHHH CTHjib KnpHjia TypiBCbKoro hhbhjihch, hk Ha HenoxpiÔHy rpy, „pexopHHHi BnpaBH". B n,yci pauioHajiicxHHHHX xa no3HiHBÍciHHHHx norjiHflÍB CBoro nacy (kíhhh 19 b.) BH3HaBajiH HKecb 3HaneHHH jiHuie 3a MopajiÍ3axopcbKHMH nponoBiflflMH, hkhx hk MH öaHHJiH, xenc He öpaKyBajio b cxapiö yKpai'HCbKÍH jiixepaxypi. Hh on;ÍHKa, po3yMÍGXbca, HeicxopHHHa. nopyn MopajibHHx noB-naHb np 3aBnaHb nponoBÍn,i HajiejKHXb xaKOJK BHKjian. ochob- HHX nHXaHb XpHCXHHHCbKOÍ BipoHayKH. Hlo BHKJian, BÍpOHayKH MO-Hie HĹTH pÍ3HHMH HIJIHXaMH, XeJK HCHO. KnpHJIO TypÍBCbKHH nÍHIOB HiJiHxoM BHKJiany BipoHayKH b o6pa3ax, MeTadpopax xa CHMBOJiax. IHp Heö HiJiHX h.íjikom BHnpaBflaHHH icxopieio, HeMae cyMHÍBy, 6o 3 6iroM nacy po Hboro noBepxaioxbcn npenpxaBHHKH pÍ3HOMaHixHHX icXOpHHHHX enOX. A Hip BHKJian, (pÍjIOCO(pr-IHO-6orOCJIOBCbKHX flyMOK xpHcxHHHCXBa, 3 KyjibxypHo-icxopHHHoro norjiany ne MeHiu BajKjra-BHH, amjK 6opoxb6a npoxn nHHHXBa, BH3HCKy Ta íhliihx MopajibHHx Bafl, b HbOMy jiesBe hh MOJKHa cyMHÍBaxHCH. JlixepaxypHO o(ppMjie-Ha Ta BHTOHHeHa nponoBinb Knpnjia TypiBCbKoro xa fioro „ihkojih" (ceôxo xoro caMoro HanpHMKy) Mae 3HaneHHH He jinine b icxopií yK-paiHCbKOi jiixepaxypH hk o/ma 3 ií ÔJiHCKyHHX cxopiHOK, ajie TaKOJK i b yKpai'HCbKÍH flyxOBHÍH ÍCTOpíi. B. OnoBiaaHHH 1. B npoTHjieJKHÍCTb yciM íhhihm raTyHKaM jiÍTepaTypn KÍJib-KÍcxb opHťiHajibHHx onoBÍflaHb y 12-13 b. He 36ijibiHHjiacH, HaBnaKH Ix nanncaHo MeHuie, híjk y nepnioMy nepiopi Hauiol jiixe-paxypn. He BHKJHoneHe, mo nenni oKpeMi onoBinaHHH, mp 3Ôeper-jihch b CKjiani „npojiora", o5po6jieHÍ aöo fi CKJianem b Khgbí, ajie 3 neBHicxK) npo u,e xenep Hinoro CKa3axn He MOHcna. 2. JJ,Boe chmbojiíhhhx onoBjpaHb niouiJiH po Hac bíh, KnpHjia TypiBCbKoro. 3míct Ix He opHťiHajibHHH: 3míct nepmoro 3ycTpiHeMO i Ha Cxoftf i Ha 3axon,i. 3míct npyroro b ochobí no3HneHO 3 „Bapjia-aMa ö Hoaca(pa". 155 Ilepnie onoBinae npo npTenHoro rocnonapa, m,o appyHHB cbíh BHHorpaflHHK CTeperTH KyjibraBOMy Ta cjiinoMy, mp6 bohh Bee 6a-nHJiH Ta nyjiH, a 3 njpyroro 6oKy KoaceH 3 hhx caM He Mir onpacTH BHHorpapjHHK. Ajie KyjitraBHH cíb Ha naeni cjiinoMy i too 3amc noro 30 BHHorpaffiHHKa. TyT ninpoKo BHKJianeHo chmbojiíhhhh ceHC onoBiaaHHa: rocnonap — Bor, KyjitraBHH — tíjio, cainnn — nyma*. J-ipyre onoBiaaHHH, m,o 3míct öoro b3hthh 3 „BapjiaaMa Ta Ho-aca(pa", po3noBinae npo Hepo3yMHoro n,apa, mp „He 6oaBca aHi Bora, aHi jnon,en". Horo BHrHaHo 3 MicTa. Baynaionn, 3HaiíinoB bíh nene-py, ne 6yjio noBHO bíhcbkoboI 36poi, a TaM cnam Ta BecejiHBca HKHHCB HOJIOBÍK. BnKaan, — nrapniHÖ 3a caMe onoBinaHHa. 06pa3H noHCHKnoTbca Tan: mícto — jnon,cbKe tíjio, nap — nyx, nenepa — MaHacTHp 3 noro ayxoBHOK) 36poGK) i t. a.. OnoBinaHHa 3aKÍHHy6 no-XBaaa nepHenoMy acHTTio. BnKJian, He HacrinbKH nprncpameHHO, aK y nponoBÍn,ax KnpHjia, aae Teac pacHO BacHBae cthjtícth^ihhx npn-Kpac. MoBa nacTo pnTMÍ30BaHa aôo CKaanaGTbca 3 kopotkhx peneHb, mO yTBOpiOIOTb neBHHH MOBHHH pHTM. CHMBoainHHH BHKJian, Hap;3BHHaHH0 nrapoKHH Ta neTajibHHH: TaK, nopiBHHBníH mícto 3 TiaoM, KnpHJio 3ynnHHGTbca Ha 3HaneHHÍ bcíx oKpeMHx 3MHcaiB aiOHHHH an n,acepea cnoKycH, ne, MOBaaB, — MeniKaHi^i MicTa; noacHHBnin 36poio, aK 36poio nyxoBHoi 6opoTb6n, bíh roBopHTb oKpeMO npo pÍ3HÍ Ti BHnn Tomp. Knpnao ayace nonin-piOG CBOľ natepeaa, npaaiOHH pÍ3Hi mothbh (Hanp., b onoBinanm ,,BaP-jiaaM Ta Hoacacp" 36poi HeMas), roaoBHe, CHMBoainHHH BHKJian,. 3. J-Jaai oKpeMi onoBÍn,aHHa 3HaHaeMo b jirronHcax. U,e 3HOBy, aK i b onoBinaHHi npo 3aÖHTTH Bopnca Ta TaiÔa, g hí6h ninroTOBHi npaiji no nÍ3HÍuiHX „acHTiS". Aae nppKBa He 3HaHinjia 3a noTpiÖHe HH MoaíaHBe nporojioinyBaTH CBaraMH bcíx repoÍB irax onoBinaHb. OnoBinaHHa npo 3a6nTTa KHa3a Iropa, BCTaBJíeHe b InaTiiBCbKHH jiiTonnc nip; p. 1147. Boho, Ha acajib, 3anTe 3 onoBinaHHaM npo tí caMi noni'i b paMKax icTopi'i kh. 13'acjiaBa. BnfliaHTH onoBinaHHa npo 3a6HTTa Iropa MoatHa anme 3aBnaKH öoro acHTÍHHOMy cthjicbí, He-npHxnabHOMy CTaBaeHHK) aBTopa np khíih Ta 6paKOBÍ 3BHnaHHnx fljifl jiÍTonncy Toro nacy pne — po3MOB, na hkí 3BHHaÖHO po3KJia-nem jiiTonncHi onoBinaHHa. Ilin. nac bíhhh KHÍBCbKoro kh. l3'acaaBa 3 HepHÍriBCbKHMn khh-3HMH Irop OaeroBHH onHHHBca b noaoHi b KHH3a l3'acjiaBa, ne i CTaB nemjeM. Aae khbhh, npnranyiOHH, am npHKpi npnronn bh- *) BKa3yBajiH Ha nofli6mcTb qboro onoBi^aHHH o^Horo mícijh 3 TajiMy^y. Ajie 6yB i BiflnoBÍAHHft rpeijbKHH tôkct (anoKpH$iHHa KHHra CseKiijiH); rpeijb-KHÖ TeKCT y ijijioMy He 36epircH, ajie 3ajiHiiinjiHCH uHTaTH 3 Hboro b otijíb i^epKBH. Khphjio Mir BHKopHCTaTH rpeubKHň TeKCT, a mojkjihbo, iu;o 6yB i cjio-B'HHCbKHÖ nepeKJiafl ijboro anoKpH4)y. 156 HHKJIH KOJIHCb KOJIO nOJIOHeHOrO KHH3H BceCJiaBa, BHpiuiHJIH 3aÖH- TH Iropa. Abtop onoßinaHHa BKaanac b n.yMKH Iropa pÍ3HÍ noöoaan MipKyBaHHH, oKpeMi BHpa3H HaranyiOTb icTopiw 3a6nTTa Bopnca Ta Tjiiöa. 3aKÍHHyeTbCH onoßinaHHa b cthjií aarriOHOMy: „B pyni Eoaci nepenaB n,yx cbíh i cKHHyB BÔapaHHa tjiíhhoí aronnHH, BnarayB He-TJiiHHe Ta MHorocTpaaaabHe BÖpaHHH XpncTOBe, Bin, aKoro i yBmaaHo HOrO MyneHHDbKHM BÍHn,eM". 4. Jliniue 36eperaoca onoßinaHHa npo 3aÔHTTa AHnpia Eoro-aioöcbKoro (1175 p.). H.eö BeaHKHÖ Bopor nißneHHoi Pycn, 6e3yMOB- ho CMiaHBHH BOHK Ta 3nÍÔHHH IIOaÍTHK, nepeHÍC CBOIO CTOaHIHO ho BoaoflHMHpa Cy3naabCbKoro; 3a 3pa3KOM KHiBCbKux KHa3ÍB, mo Ma-JiH noöiH CToamji ine pe3HneHn,iio — Bninropon,, bíh hchb He b Boao-nrarapi, a b „ciabni" BoroaioöoBi. 3a6naH noro Baacm ôoapn, nepe-aaKaHi öoro caMOBaanHOlo noaiTHKOio Ta cyBopHM nepecjiinyBaHHaM ßoapcbKoi ono3Hnii. XTocb 3 6aH3bKHx no Hboro aioneo, khhhhh, a6o MoacaHBO fi nepeacaaBenb, cnaaB onoßinaHHa npo 3a6nTTa khh3H (cnonÍBaiOHHca, MoacaHBo, in,o KHa3a nÍ3HÍme oroaocHTb cbhthm) . OnoßinaHHa ne BBiöniao b khibcbkhh aiTonnc HaBÍTb nin, oKpeMoio Ha3B0K>. OnoßinaHHa noHHHaGTbca mnpoKHM onncoM uepKOBHHx 6ynpB KHa3H. ľ[i onncH nyace xapaKTepncTHHHi naa CBoro nacy ôapBHCTic-tk> BUKaany. KHfl3b npHKpaCHB 11 ÍKOHaMH MHOrOU;ÍHHHMH, 30a0T0M i KaMÍHHHM flOpOrHM, i nepaaMH BeaHKHMH 6e3u,ÍHHHMH, i npHKpaCHB 11 pÍ3HHMH TaOaHUHMH, i aCniflHHMH TaÔaHIMMH npHKpaCHB, i ycaKHMH npHKpacaMH nynoBo BÔpaB ii, i 3a CBÍTaicTio He MoacHa 6yao HHBHTncb, 6o yca n.epKBa 6yaa 3oaoTa. . . IÍHTaTaMH 3 CB. ÜHCbMa onncaHe cTaBaeHHa khh3h AHnpia n,o ijep-KBH Ta öoro ^ecHOTy: ... npôpoHHHy b HboMy SaraTo 6yao, i yCHKÍ OÔHHaí no6p03BHHaOHÍ MaB... B03aK>öhb HeTaiHHe noHan. TaiHHe, i HeôecHe noHan, aacoBe, i napcTBo CBaTe . . . ôiabin Bin, nboro 3aHHKanBoro ijapcTBa. IloxBaaa 3aKÍHnyGTbca nopißHHHHHM Kna3a 3 EopncoM Ta TaiÖOM. He MoaiyHH 3ß'a3aTH 3arn6eai khh3h 3 öoro MopaabHHMH nonßiiraMH, 157 aBTop yce ac nnnie: „ceň ÖorojiioOHBHH KHa3b He 3a flpyra, ajie 3a caMoro TBopn,a... flymy cboK) noaoacHB", Ta 3BepTa6Tbca flo khh-3H HaBÍTB, hk ap „CTpacTOTepnn.a" i npoxac öoro mojihtob. Peajiic-THHHe onoBiflaHHH nepeennaHe TeKCTaMH cb. ÜHCbMa Ta (popMyjiaMH 3 3KHTÍHH01 aiiepaTypn. Khh3h nopiBHMGTbca 3 MyneHHKaMH, b ycTa áoro BKJianeHO KiabKa MoanxoB ra noöoacHHx MipKyßaHb. 3aKÍH*ry-STbca onoßinaHHa onncoM noxopoHy KHa3a Ta ni3Hiuioro nepeHe-ceHHH nro TpyHH flo BoaoflHMHpa. 5. CTaporo BapiaHTy onoBinaHHH npo 3aÖHTTa TaTapaMH b Opfli cb. KH. Mnxaojia HepHirißCbKoro He MaGMO. B aiTonnci nifl p. 1245 3ranaHO npo up KopoTKO. Illnpuii onoBiflaHHa — nÍ3HÍmi nißm^m (paabCHCpiKaTH, npHnncam CBaineHHKOBi KHa3a. OnoßinaHHa npo cyBopo noKapaHoro Cy3flajibCbKoro enncKona eflopa („eflopu,a") 6e3yMOBHo annie BCTaBKa 30 aiTonncy (1172). Bono i He n,epKOBHoro, HaßiTb He xpncTnaHCbKoro THny (Hanp., „Koro npoKjieHyTb aionn, toh öyfle npoKaaTHÖ" i t. n.), G KiabKa ono-BiaaHb npo nepeHeceHHa Mompo, ocBaneHHa nppKOß Toinp. JJyace npocTe CTHjieM onoBiflaHHa 3 m. TypoBa npo 03nppoBaeH-Ha neHiíH MapTHHa Moma.Mii cb. Bopnca Ta ľaioa. 36eperaoca boho b „IIpoao3Í" Ta nÍ3HÍniHx „MiHeax". HiKaBo boho thm, mp noKasye icHyBaHHH aiTepaTypHoi fliaabHocTH b nbOMy MaaeHbKoMy npHTpi. T. khgbo-IIeHepCbKHH IlaTepHK 1. OflHa 3 HaööiabiHHx oôcaroM i HaômKaBiniHx SaraTCTBOM KyabTypHo-icTopHHHoro 3MÍcTy naM'axoK CTapoi KHÍBCbKoi aiTepa-TypH np t. 3B. „KHGBO-IIeHepcbKHH naTepHK", TBip abox nenepcbKHx ^eHi^iB 13 ct. — GnHCKona CHMOHa Ta neHna IIoaiKapna. JJochtb fleTaabHo BiflOMa aiTepaiypHa nepeflicTopia TBopy, nip e piflKHM bh-naflKOM b icTopii CTapoi aiTepaTypn. „IlaTepHK" flpyKOBaHo 6e3Jim pa3ÍB, noHHHaiOHH Bin, BHflaHHa iHOKeHTia ľi3eaa Ta CHjibBecTpa Ko-coBa 1661 uj,. Bifl CTapnx naciß fliömaH 30 Hac flBi pÍ3HÍ peflaKuii „IlaTepHKa" — cTapma t. 3b. ApceHÜBCbKa 1406 p., mp nocTaaa 3 ÍHmiaTHBH TBGpcbKoro GnHCKona Apcema, Ta t. 3b. KaciamBCbKa 1462 p., onpanbOBaHa b uenepcbKOMy MaHacTnpi. Ochobhhm anpoM IlaTepHKa 6yjra nonncH KHÍBCbKHx qemiiB. Ch-moh, mo 3 1215-26 p. 6yB enncKonoM BoaoflHMHpa Cy3najibCbKoro, 3BepTaGTbca flo neHiía IleHepcbKoro MaHacrapa IIoaiKapna 3 jihctom, ôaaíaiOHH bíhmobhth noro Bifl necTOJiioOHoro HaMipy 3poÖHTHca GnncKonoM. Chmoh nnnie, mo caM bíh oxone noßepHyBca 6 flo IleHep-CbKoro MäHäCTHpa: „Ycio caaBy & maHy BBaacaß 6h a 3a öpyfl, i, hk6h MeHi 6yTH cMiTTaM, khhohkm y ue^epcbKOMy MaHacrapi, aKe 158 TonHyTb jiioaH, aöo öyrn ohhhm i3 JKeöpaKiB nepen, BopiTtMH necHoi JlaBpn, to n,e ßyjio 6 MeHi jiinuie Bin, nici' THMHacoBo'i necra"*. Pa30M 3 uhm BiH nocHJiaG peB'HTB onoßinaHB 3 hchtth oflHHaai^HTbox ne-nepcBKHx neHniß, mo Bin ix HanncaB 6yB me naBHime, n,on,aiOHH n,o hhx pi3Hi noB^ajiBHi 3aBBarH. ÜojiiKapn 3axonHBCfl npHKJian.oM Ch-MOHa Ta HanHcaB y (popMi jiHCTa ho nenepcBKoro iryMeHa, Akhh-nima (1214-31) me onHHan,n,HTB onoBin,aHB npo TpHHan,n,htb HernjiB. Ile — jiHine jiiTepaTypHa (popaia, 60 ÜojiiKapn jkhb b onHOMy Ma-Hacrapi 3 Akhhhhhom Ta, hk caM Kante, BHce po3noBin,aB äoMy npo pi3Hi noflii 3 icTopii MaHacTHpa. IIi3Hinie oÖH^Ba TBopn cnoJiyneHo b oflHe iiijie Ta n.onoBHeHo pi3HHM MaTepiajioM 3 icTopii' MaHacrapa, an onoBiflaHHa npo IcaKia, „SKutig" 3>eonpciH i t. n. ne^epcBKHH naxepHK y cboih nepBicHifi cpopMi He g 36ipKa „hch-Tin". Ile THnoBHH naTepHK, ceöxo 36ipKa onoBipaHB npo onpeMi eni30-HH 3 jkhtth HeHHiB, eni3onH, m,o paiOTB npHBifl flo noBHaHHH, ajie b hkhx 30BciM He g o6ob'h3kobhm npocjiaBJieHHa rrax HeHniB. TnnoBi TyT g onoBiflaHHa npo „na^hma" HeHHiB. TepoiB onoBin,aHB naTepHKiß aBTOpH 30BCiM He BBaJKaiOTB 3a cbhthx: „KaHOHi3yBaB" (BH3HaB 3a cbhthx) cbhthx „IlaTepHKa" jiHHie üeTpo MorHjia 1643 p. OÖHflBa aBTopn cBiflOMo HacjiinyBajiH CTapiuii „üaTepHKH" (jihb. EncKypc I. B. 2), Ta KOpHCTajracB pi3HHMH nncaHHMH njKepejiaMH, mo HHHi BTpaneHi: Poctobcbkhm Ta nenepcBKHM JiiToroicaMH, „}Kh- TiGM" AHTOHia TOHIO. 2. 3MicT onoBiflaHB hochtb pi3HOMamTHHH. üoHacTH bohh no-flaiOTB noni'i, mo MOJKyTB paTH npHBip po noBnaHHH, *iacoM — njia npocjiaBjieHHH MaHacrapa, b HKOMy, MOßjiaß, hchjih Tani npaßenHH-kh, HaßiTB MyneHHKH Ta HyflOTBopni. OönnBa aBTopn onoßinaiOTB 3n,e-SiJiBnioro He Te, mo caivri öannjin, a jiereHHH, nepenasyBaHi b Ma-HacTnpi. Jlnnie hbog 3 cboix onoßinaHB Chmoh nepeKa3yc hk caMo-BHpenjB. BijiBuiicTB icTopin IlaTepHKa HajiencHTB n,o Kmna 11-ro Ta nonaTKy 12-ro ct. Chmoh noHHHac 3 onoßinaHHH npo OHHCHfpopa, inp 6anHß y kojkhoi JiioaHHH Ii rpixn, a6o ii nojiinmeHHH. ^bog onoßinaHB npo CßCTadpia Ta npo HnKOHa npHCBanem MyneHHKaM 3a Bipy XpncTOBy, mo 3yMijiH HaBepHyra Ha xphcthhhctbo cboix MyHHTejiiß. — Po3n,iji npo ÜHMeHa-,,nocHHKa" oßifiMac jinnie KijiBKa paflKiB. ÜHMeH-„nicHHK" noßinaBca cboim nyxoBHHM 3opoM npo CMepTB CBHTOrO KyK-mi, MicioHepa „B'aTHHiB", aKoro noraHH 3a6njiH. BecB po3niji Hao^-ho noKa3yG, hk Majio cnijiBHoro onoßinaHHH naTepHKa MaiOTB 3 „jkh- *) CMiniHO, kojih fleHKi pociücbici flOCJiiftHHKH xcrayTb 6aHHTH b Chmoh! nepraoro „cy3flajiBCBKoro" iracfcMeHHHKa Ta BBascaioTb ysecb „TlaTepHK", HKoro öijibina qacTHHa nacaHa b KhcbI, TBopoM niBmiHO-cxiflHboi JiiTepaTypn. 159 tíhmh". Haftoijibine Haraaye „acHTÍe" onoBiflaHHa npo khh3h Hep-HiriBCBKoro MHKOJiy CBHToniy. üofliÖHHMH flo onoBiflaHHH npo na-flÍHHa Hem^íb g aeTBepo onoBinaHB CnMOHa: aepHeub Epa3M BH3Ha-BaB, mo bíh „rpiniHHK, Ta He noKaaBca ň aohhhí", aae Bor „bmíhhb" (nocTaBHB) íioMy b 3acjiyry Te, mo bíh apnoMaraB nepKBÍ, nÍKayio-^hch npo ii norpeon; aeHijeBi Apecpi, „CKynoMy Ta HeMHjiocepnHo- My", TaK CaMO „BMÍHeHO" HK MHaOCTHHH BKpafleHe B HbOrO 30JI0T0. JSßa, aeHni — nin Tht Ta ahhkoh GßarpiS 3aBacflH cBapnanca; HaBÍTb, aK Tht noMHpaB, CBarpiĚ He 6aacaB 3 hhm noMHpHTHca. GBarpiii n;e Bace npnicaan, aeHua, mo „3arHHyB" flyxoBHo. OnoBiaaHHH npo AdpaHacia 3aTBopHHKa g onoBÍflaHHaM npo naflÍHHa Bctoro MaHacra-pa. Koan AdpaHaciň noMep, ôpara HaBÍTb ne noflöaan 3a Te, mo6 noro noxoBaTH, „60 bíh 6yB flyace ôiflHHO Ta He mrb HÍaoro Bifl nbo-ro cBÍiy, i TOMy hhm HexTyBaan". Aae 3a flBa flm AdpaHacia 3HOBy oacHB Ta npoacHB m,e 12 pokíb. TaK caMo pÍ3H0MaHÍTHi i onoBinaHHH Iloancapna. JIaBpeHTÍH-3a-TBopHHK nporaHaB 6ícíb; AranHT 6yB floöpofliÖHHH aiKap, mo bmíh-hhm nepeBHmyBaB cbítcbkhx aiKapiß; ,,rpnropiH ayflOTBopeni" Maß flap 6aaHTH 3axoBaHi flyMKH Ta MairoyTHe aioflež; noro 3a6HTo 3a HaKa30M lOHaKa KHa3a PocTHcaaBa, mo ni3HÍme 3a npopoirrBOM rpnropia i BTonHBca b CTyrai (npo mo MacMo onoBiflaHHa b airo-nnci Ta b ,,CaOBÍ o noaKy IropeBÍ"). ,HoBro öopoanca 3 TiaecHHMH cnoKycaMH MoHcefi YrpHH Ta IoaH-3aTBopHHK; flecHTKH pokíb cTpaac-flaB XBopHH ÜHMeH; Ilpoxip y roaoflHi poKH poÖHB cMaaHHÖ xai6 3 aoöoflH, a ciab 3 noneay; npocKypHHK CnnpHfloH 3aracHB BoroHb BOflOK), mo npHHic y cboíh „cbhtí"; pa iKOHonnci^a Aainia MaaiOBaan ÍKOHy aHroan; MapK, mo xoBaB noMepanx aeHnÍB, 3aTpHMyBas CMepTb rax, flaa Koro Mornaa me He 6yaa roTOBa, b tíchííí neaepnj HaKa3aB noMepaoMy caMOMy noaHTH Ha ce6e CBaaeHy oaiio Tomo. JXo onoBÍflaHb npo ycnimm cnoKycH flHHBoabCbKÍ HaaeacaTb onoBiflaHHa npo MHKHTy-3aTBopHHKa, aKoro cnoKycHB 6ic, mo 3'aBHBca flo Hboro b nocTaTi „aHroaa CBÍTaa" Ta HafliaHB ňoro BaemcTio, KpacHOMOBHÍCTK) Ta HaBÍTb flapoM npopouTBa; aae MHKHTa BHKaa-flas annie Ciapno 3aBÍT, a GBaHreai'i He xotíb HaBÍTb aHTara; ôpara: MoaHTBaMH „BiflMoaHaH" ooro Bifl flHaBoaa. TaKoac i aepHeiib í>eflip cnoaaTKy niflflaßca cnoKyci ôícobíh, mo hebíb fioro Ha „Bapa3bKHÍí" CKap6 Ta niflMOBHB ôoro HaBÍTb yTeKTH 3 MaHacTHpa 3 CKapöoM. Bpa-TyBaB 4>eflopa bíh cnoKycn ňoro npnaTeab aepHeiib BacHaifi i <í>e-flip HaBÍTb 3a6yB, fle aeacHTb CKapÖ. Chh KniBCbKoro KH33H, loan flicTaTH BÍfl aeHn,íb CKapö, 3aMyaHB i <í>eflopa i Bacnaia. BcTynHe onoBiflaHHa npo 3acHyBaHHa IleaepcbKoi ijepKBH nÍKa-Bo 3MaabOBye tí ayaci KyabTypm cnan, 3 hkhmh flOBonnaoca 3ycTpi- 160 naTHCH nenepCbKHM neHiiaM : Bapa3bKy, — nojKepTBy Ha 6ynpBy i^epKBH 3po6HB Bapa3bKHÍí „KHa3b" IIIhmoh, — Ta rpei^bKy — ôyny-BajiH iiepKBy rpenbid MaňcTpi, mo ahbhhm hhhom nonpHi3n.HaH 30 KHGBa hí6h Ha 3aMOBjieHHa Toai Bace noMepanx cb. Ahtohíh Ta "ře-onpcia a6o HHroaiB. 3. KyabTypHO-icTopHHHe 3HaneHHa hhx pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHx onoßi-aaHb Ha33BHHaÔHe. 3ycTpinaeMo TyT acKpaßi MaaiOHKH i MaHacrap-CbKoro acHTTa i ,,CBÍTy". LJ,i onoBinaHHa nepeHocaTb Hac y nyxoBHy aTMOCCpepy nÍ3Hb0KHH3ÍBCbK0Í flOÖH, KOaH MaHaCTHp ctohb ycaMÍT- HeHo cepefl „cBÍTy" Ta onmiOBaB neô cbít 3ne6iabinoro HeraTHBHO. Aae TyT HaBiTb npo MaHacrap po3noBinaGTbca He caMe TiabKH npôpe. riopya 6paTÍB, inp 3aaHuiHaHca bíphhmh xpasHnii <řeonpcia — npaiii Ta MnaocTHHi, 3ycTpinaGMO i cbogkophchhx, eroiCTHHHHX, 3aic-HHX. ToMy nocnaioGTbca fi cyBopa acKerana, npo any He onoBinac „acHTiG" <í>eonpcia. HJonpaBna, i b „IlaTepHKy" KiabKa pa3ÍB BHcaoB-aeHO nepecTopory nepen, He6e3neKaMH 3aHanro cyBoporo acneTHH- HOrO aCHTTH. HjnaBo, mo KiabKa onoBinaHb o6ox aBTopiß HaB'fl3yGTbca 30 onoBiflaHHH npo IcaKia, nip g hí6h nepímiM 3aponKOM uenepobKoro riaTepHKa. 3ycTpinaeMo Tyr i cnoKycn nnaBoaa b nocTari „HHroaa CBkaa" (MHKHTa, <£en.ip), 3ycTpinaGMO i bck> TeMaTHKy „napiß ny-xa": OHHCHCpop, ÜHMeH Ta mini ÖanaTb MafiOyraG Ta aaaene, Ara-nHT ayaecHo aiKyc, JlaBpeHTiH nporaHac ôícíb, ľlpocKypHHK Cnn- pHHOH noBOaHTbCH 3 BOrHeM noniÖHO, HK i IcaKÍH. P03yMÍGTbCH, TyT MaGMo i MHMaaHÖ BnaHB naTepHKÍB — 3 ycHKoro MaTepiaay BHÖpaHO, oneBHaHo, Te, mo 6yao ocBaneHe Tpanimieio cTapimoi aiTepaTypn (31HB. I. r. 1). 4. JTÍTepaTypHHH CTHab o6ox aBTopiß HeoniiaKOBo BHnparnosa-hhh. Chmoh nnnie npocTiiue, — craab noro 6araTbMa pHcaMH npcHTb 6aH3bKHH no aiTonncHoro: bíh oxoae poŠKaanac cbog onoBinaHHa Ha po3MOBH, — ne 3aci6 nonara ninpoKHH BHKJiafl, 3ynHHaGTbca Ha ok-peMHx MOMeHTax nonifi, Ha nyMKax, MipnyBaHHax, pinieHHax niöo-bhx oci6. JXe-He-jsfi 3ycTpinacM0 Miciia, mo nyJKe HaranyiOTb aiTO-nnc, aöo onoBinaHHa npo 3aÖHTTa Bopnca Ta Taiöa. TyT 6araTO no-cnaaHb Ha cb. IlHCbMo xa uHTaT 3 Hboro. HacTo pHTMpma Mosa. OnoBinaHHa íhohí MHTacTbca 3 HanpyaíeHHHM, 60 Chmoh He po3no-BiaaG Binpa3y BCboro, a 3aaHiuaG HaSniKaBinie Ha KÍHen,b (nop. Tex-HÍKy onoBinaHHa npo CMepTb Oaera). BnKaan, npSpe CKOMnoHOBa» HHH Ta BnopaaKOBaHHH, 6e3 3aÖBHx yxnaiB b 6ík. TíaaeKo öiabine aiTepaTypHe bmíhhh IToaiKapna. Bíh Hanac ono-BiflaHHaM cyô'GKTHBHoro 3a6apBaeHHH, noHHHac onoBinaHHa 3 3a-raatHHX 3aBBar Ta KopncTyGTbca He anuie TexHÍKOio po3MOB, aae 161 BKJianae b ycTa cboíx repoiB mojihtbh, jiioÓHTb rapHi nopÍBHaHHa i „ynapHJia fioro cTpijia 3a3npocTH", „cnoKycH — nyxoBHÍ 3Bipn"; nacTO fioro nopiBHHHHH TpaflHií,íhhí, Hanp.: „y cbítí jnonHHa ctoItb Ha tcpaio 6e3onHÍ, b MaHacTHpi aajieKo biji, 6e3on,HÍ", „Ha KaMeHi"; acKe3a „OHHHi;ye" jHOflHHy, „ak 30ji0t0 BoroHb"; flHHBOJi — CTpijieub, mo BJiynae cipijioio b cepna aioncbid Tomp. Ajie 3 xaicnx xpanHniHHHX nopiBHAHb aicTaGMO HCKpaBi, nacTO jxyme noöpe HaKpecaem nocxari neHniB, Hanp., ľlpoxopa, inp „JierKo npoxoanB cbíh niaax", acnBynn ,,hí6h HKHHCB nxax", xa HaBixb hochxb bíh cboio aoôony, ,,hko Ha KpHjiax JiexH^n". Ilopyn nppKOBHHx ceHxeHHjifi, sycxpinaGMO 3pinKa i npHCjiiß'a: „Ujo JiiOAHHa nocic, Te Ř noaoie". iHoni ßinny-BaGMo b aBxopoBi „KHHJKHHKä" mp He 3B.B2Kj\n Öaatac cnycKaTHca B naomnHy „npocxo'i" mobh, noöyxy. Hanp., bíh 3aMicxt „ByabťapHo'i" Ha3BH pocjiHHH „aoöona" nHHie: „3ejiie, hko aenopa xa Bacnaia, 3rana,HHx BHine; aae IIoaiKapn míhí íh-uiHM ynaixaG b Hei me MaHnpiBHy aereHny npo nopTÍB, mo npnoMa-raioxb CBaxoMy óynyBarn nepKBy. eflip, HKOMy nopxn nepeniKonata-jiH ôynyBaTH Keaiio, npHMymyc 'ix nonepeHOcniH xa nocKaanaxH b nopa^Ky nepeBO, npnroTOBaHe na 6epe3i JJ(HÍnpa pna nppKOBHHx 6y-HOb; „HaÖMHTH" xa bÍ3hhkh, mo ix npanro nopxH BHKOHaan, tum no-36aBHBniH Ix njiaxni, BHMaraioxb naaxHio Bin «renopa; „HecnpaBen-aHBHH cynnn" BnroaocHB npncyn.: „Hexaä to6í ponoMoacyxb naa-iHxn HopxH, mo To6i cayacaxb". IIpHHarinHo IIoaiKapn po3noBinac npo neHna eo(pijia, mo 36npaB cboI noKaaHHi cab03H no nocyny; npn fioro CMepxi 3'aBHBca fioMy aHroa Ta npHHic n,ijiHH ropHenb apo-MaxHoro „MHpa", — np 6yan tí cab03H, mo Ix <řeo(pin He 3i6paB, aae npoaHB Ha 3eMaio a6o BHTep pyniHHKOM xomo. B px xa íhiuhx onoBÍnaHHax MaGMO Bnepme 3aKpinaeHi HapoflHi, peairiöm jiereHnn. ilepma 3 hhx — npo cayacÖy nopxiß CBaxoMy — po3noBCK>naíeHa no BCbOMy cbítí, i no3a MeacaMH xpHCxnaHCbKoro CBÍTy. OnoßinaHHa ľloaÍKapna HaaeacHTb no Hanainmnx 3pa3KÍB Toro MHCTeuTBa 3MaabOByBaTH ncHxinm nepeacHBaHHa, aKoro nocarayaa CTapa aÍTepaTypa. 3ne6iabinoro Ix nonaHo a6o b 4>opMÍ po3MOBn, mo-Hoaora, MoaHTBH aöo onoßinaHHa, BKJianeHHX b ycxa niöoBifi ocoôi, a6o b 4)opMÍ peaaicTH^Horo onoßinaHHa, ne MeTa(popn, nopÍBHaHHa poöaaTbCfl niocHÍcTio — ,,peaai3ania MeTacpopn": Hanp., IoaH, hko- 162 ro oxonjiKHOTb po3nycni acan,aHHH, no^yBae, hk noayRi'n niniiiMa-GTbCfl Bin. noro Hir n.o nepeBa, hk TpimaTb öoro kíctkh bí;h BorHio romp. CnpaBacHi poinaHH g caMe 3ranaHa tíjh>khiu,o icTopia 4>enppa Ta BacHaia, a 30KpeMa onoBinaHHH npo npnronH Moficea YrpnHa, 6paTa oflHoro 3 cayr cb. kh. Eopnca. OnnHHBiuHCb 3a naciB bíhhh Hpocaa-Ba Í3 CBHTonoaKOM (1015-19) b noabCbKOMy noaom, Moncen 3poÖHB-ca oö'gktom epoTHHHHx no^yBaHb HKoicb öaraToi Ta BnaHBOBoi noab-KH. MoficeS thm qacoM TaGMHo 3poÖHBca HeHTj,eM. Horo cynepeHKH 3 noabCbKOK) nameio, Ti aioöoBHa npncTpacTb, HapeuiTi 3BiabHeHHa Moôcea 3 noaoHy i noro híhtth b nenepcbKOMy MaHacTHpi 3Maabo-BaHi uiHpoKO Ta 3 HanpyaceHHHM, He annie an lueper aBaHTyp, aae i HK ncHxoaori^iHHH KOH(paÍKT. TaK caMO iunpoKO onoBinacTbca npo acHTTH HepHiriBCbKoro khh3h MHKoan Cbhtouií (hmobípho „Cbhto-caaBa") 3 niKaBHMH nncKyciaMn öoro 3 cboí'm amapeM. I Ty t b po3-MOBax npßpe 3MaabOBaHo ncHxoaorr-my nocTaTb KHa3H, mo BinMo-BHBnincb Bifl cßiTy, 3aKÍH^HB cbog atHTTa HK HeaepcbKHH aepHenb. B miaoMy onoßiflaHHa o6ox aBTOpiß b nopÍBHaHHÍ 3 TBopaMH CBÍTCbKOi aiTepaTypH Ta nponoBÍa,n,io TOro H&cy — npcHTb npocri, aBTopn roaoBHy yBary 3BepTaiOTb Ha BHKaan., a He Ha npHKpacii. Ineoaori*mo ÔaHHMo TyT BeaHKy 3MÍHy cynpora thx 3epeH, 3 hkhx Bnpic „KHGBo-nenepcbKHH naTepHK", cynpoTn onoBinaHHH npo Ica-aKia Ta acHTia «reonpcia. 3aMicTb ineaaiß noMipKOBaHoro acKeTH3My Ta nponyKTHBHOi npan,i, 3aMicTb iaeaay noBHoi cniabHOTH MaTepiaab-Horo Ta nyxoBHoro aíHTTH 6paTÍB y MaHacTnpi MacMo TyT cyBopy ac-KeTH^Hy nyxoBHy Tpannniio; nepen, 3aBnaHHHMn íh,iraBÍnyaabHoro cna-ceHHH BiflcyBaioTBca 30 neBHoi Mipn Ha3an. ineaan cayacöH cbítobí xa ineaji cniabHOCTH acHTTa. Aae TBip HaaeaíHTb 30 noxMypnx ^aciß ocTaHHboro nepiony KniBCbKoi' Pycn. Hí6h nepenayBaiOHH CKopy 3a-rHÖiab KyabTypH KHH3ÍBCbKoi np6n, aBTopn ,,naTepHKa" naan chh- TeTHHHHÖ TBip, iu.o 3 ycix TBOpÍB CTapOKHH3ÍBCbKOÍ flOÖH, Maß hh h6 HaiiôiabniHn BnaHB Ha nÍ3HÍuie nyxoBHe hchtth yKpaÍHH, 30 npo-6ynaoro, mo bíh jiioöob Mae 3 McTHcaaBHnaMH, a h a m h M h BOporaMH" . . . ,,I i^myBaB xpecr: 113y Bace a,o Cy3naaa" .. . ,,I noraaB HOMy HaBnpoTH bobk ôoro 3 MicTa: He Í3nH, khh3io! b míctí Bine, npyacHHy tbok> ô'iotb, a xonyib Te6e 3axonHTH ..." TaKa pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍCTi> a,paMaTH3anii nonifi HHMaao oacHBaaG onoBÍaaHHH. A u,ÍKaBÍCTL fioro ninHoCHTb in,e Ta oôcTaBHHa, mp aB-Topn aiTonncy oxone BKaanaiOTb b ycTa síhobhm ocoôaM pÍ3HÍ n,o-Tenm BHcaoBH, iHon,i Ha 3pa30K HaponHHX npHcaiB'íb, ÍHoni ceHTeH-nii aiTepaTypHoro (n,epKOBHoro) cmnio. npoflOBacyionH Tpanniiiio CTaporo aiTonncy, aBTopn KniBctKoro aiTonncy, inpnpaBjía, He cnpoMoraHca naTH ôaraTo TaKHX anepHHX „KaacHMHHx" BncaoBÍB, aKHMH npHKpameHHH CTapHH aiTonnc. Oct npHKaann „icTopnnHHX peneHĽ' 3 KniBctKoro aiTonncy: KHa3t AH3piá BoaosHMHpoBnn BinMOBaaeTbca bíh Kypcb- Koro KHH3ÍBCTBa caoBaMH: „Jlimne MeHi carepTb 3 n,pyacHHoio Ha ÔaTbKÍBIHHHÍ . . ., HÍaC KypCBKe KHa3ÍBCTBO". KHa3eBÍ K)pÍGBÍ, mp 3aaMaB „xpecHe qiayBaHHa" — KHa3i> l3'flcaaB Kaace: „.Ztynieio He Moaceni rpaTHca". Toň caMHH l3'acaaB noTÍmac npyacHHy, mp 3aHenoKOGHa noHBOio nncaeHHHx BoporiB Ha apyroMy 6epe3i .ZlHinpa: HaM Bor npnoMoace, to mh BÍaiO'GMoca; bohh He Kpnaari, hk i nepeaeTaTb nepe3 ,Hmnpo, to canyTt sHOBy ..." noajÖHe noBTopioG 3a TpHniíHTE. poKÍB i HpyacHHa KHa3a Iro-pa: „Khh3K>! He Moaceru nTaxoM nepeaeTÍTH ..." BoaoflHMHpKo raaHHLKHH, aKOMy nocoa l3'acaaBa 3aKHnaG, mp bíh, MOBaaB, „n,iayBaB xpecT", aae He BHKOHyG cboíx oôina-HOK, Kaace: ,,Hpii MaaeHBKHH xpecTHK!" Khh3b Irop (repoH „CaoBa o noaKy IropeBÍ") cnonaTKy He xone BTÍKaTH 3 noaoHy: ,,3anaa caaBH He btík a tohí bíh, npy-acHHH i hhhí He HTHMy HecaaBHHM maaxoM" .. . B íhhihx míchhx 3ycTpinaGMo niöcHi npHcaÍE'a: ,,MHp CTOÍTb 30 bíhhh, a BÍHHa HO MHpy", „He fine mícto 30 roaoBH, a roaoBa 30 MicTa", „niKayGMoca caMi 3a ce6e, 60 maK-uie aioan 3a Hac niKayBaraMyTtca", „Cboronm Toro noKapaB, a 3aBTpa Hac (noKapac)". A60 HaB'a3aHe np khíbcbkhx noniii npncaiB'a: „Paraia HaM noryÔHB Khíb, a Tynpp — BHinropon," Toinp. 165 Piniiie 3ycTpiaaioTbCH ceHTeHijii pejiiriOHoro xapaKTepy, iHon,i " n,e TeKCTH 3 Cb. ÜHCBMa, načrime 3arajiBHi ceHTeHijii, BHTpnMam b ayci peJiiriHHoi JiiTeparypn: „Hk np6pe Ta hk rapHo, kojih ôpaTH jKHByTB y 3ron.i" (3 ricajiTHpfl), ,,3jiHH 3Jie 3arHHe", „npHÖnuiH bhcokomhcjigho, a cMHpeHHo BiniSinjiH npsoMy"- B ocTaHHiö nacTHHi KniBCbKoro JiiToiracy aacTo noBTopioeTbCH TeMa, mo MH 11 3ycTpiaaeMo i b CTapoMy jiiTonnci — HemacTH e „Kapa BoHca" 3a rpixH. I uio TeMy moni non,aHo b cpopMi adpopH3MÍB: „Ue — 6aTÍr Bohchh, m,o6, cmhphbiuhch, mh bíamobhjihch Bin, 3Jioro nijinxy". G TaKOJK adpopH3MH npo „Kapy Eo>Ky" „ropnHM". 3. Bhcjiobíb „nyxoBHoro" xapaKTepy He öaraTo b KniBCbKOMy JiiTonHci, TOMy mp BeJíHKa Soro aacTHHa He mp míne, ak „BificbKOBe onoBÍnaHHíi", onoBinaHHH npo bíhcbkobí nonťi 3 norjinny Tonini-Hboro KHÍBCbKoro „jinnapcTBa". Khibcbkhh JiiTonnc hk njjiicTb g BeJíHKOio jiHuapcbKoio noBÍCTio. Cthjib onoBinaHb npo bíhcbkobí no-nii ycTajieHHň Ta BHpooJieHHÔ. 3aB>KnH 3ycTpmaeMo (3 BapiHHTaMH) tí CaMi BHpa3H, 3BOpOTH. JlanHaHHH b nOXÍJJ[ nOHHHaGTbCH CJIOBaMH: „3apaTHJIHCb"f „icnOJlHHJIHCb", ,,CÍB Ha KOHH". KHH3b „36HpaG" „MHoroG MHo>KecTBo" bohkíb, „cmíy BejiHKy", „Í3 ycix 3eMeJIb", „hk inp híkojih He ÔyBajio"; ni nojiKH ctohtb nÍ3HÍnie „íik jiích". Hac-Tpiě khh3íb — „ôynpMo bcí 3a onHoro"; cepn,a „po3najnoiOTbca"; khh3b „yKpinjnoG npyjKHHy" a6o „bohkíb no ôhtbh". iHoni naBO- flHTbCH HaBÍTb KOpOTKa npoMOBa, mp íl HÍ6h BHrOJIOCHB KHH3b. Ile- pen, 6htbok) nonaeTbcn cnfHaji: „BnapHJiH b cypMH", nonajiH „6hth b ÖyÖHH Ta b cypMH cypMHTH", „BnapHjra b 6yÔHH" Tomp. iHOfli 3ra-nycTbCH BÍHCbKOBHH „kjihk". BHTBa no^HHaGTbCH 3 Toro, mo „no-CTaBHJiH npanop", „niflHHJiH npanop", „noKa3ajiH (hbhjih) npanop"; Tôni „BnapHjra Ha hhx" — Ha BoporiB, khh3b nepniHH „JiaMae cnnc" (Konbe h3ji0mh). BHTBy moni onncaHo 3 nonaHHHM pi3HHX neTajiiB — noronH, oScTaBHH. OnoBinaHHH i TyT 3Hae HHCjreHHi CTajii dpop-Myjin: cnoaaTKy noHHHaiOTb „ctpíjihth" „CTpijibni", „cTpijibijiB cboíx mojiohhx nycTHB po hhx (nojioBn;íb)", ,,hk 3 hhmh 3ycTpijracH, no-aaJiH 3 hhmh nepecTpijiioBaTHCH". Ihohí onoBinaHHH o6Me>KyGTbCH Ha cjioBax: „ôhjihch KpinKo", „3 MicTa (a6o 3aMKy) öhjihch KpinKo", ÔHTBa — „ciaa 3Jia", „ciaa KpinKa", „ßniBa (6paHb) jiiOTa", „Ka-míhhh 3 3aMKy cHnjieTbCH, hk pom,", ,,i 6araTo 3 oôox CTopiH nana-jio", „ôaraTo kpobh 6yjio Meacn hhmh npojíHTO, a íhiuí nopaHem BMHpajín", „i 6araTO ôyjio nopaHeHHx" (HSBeHbixt). — Ocb hk bh-rjiHflaiOTb n,ijii onncH 6oíb: „I ôyjia ÖHTBa flynce KpinKa 3 oôox CTopiH, i na^ajio 6araTO BÔHTHX 3 OÔOX CTOpÍH, i TaK CTpaiHHO ÔyjIO AHBHTHCH, HK Ha 166 Kmenb CBÍTy" (BTopoe npHuiecTBie). A6o: „I 6yB 3aKOjioT BejiH- KHH Í CTOrÍH, i KpHK BeJIHKHH, i TOJIOCH HeflOBÍflOMÍ J i Ty T 6yjlO 6a^HTH JiaMaHHH cnnciB i 3ryK 36poí, i Bifl CHjitHoro nopoxy He MOJKHa 6yjio 6a*niTH am KÍHHOTHHKa, am nimoro. I TaK 6hjihcji KpinKO ..." BoporiB noÖHTo, „noTonTaHo", bohh a6o BTÍKaK>Tí>, „3np6yBHiH copoMy", a6o opram30BaHo BiflCTynaiOTb — „saBoponyiOTb nojiKH". He 3a6yBae onoBÍflaHHa i npo HacjiiflKH noxofly, 3fle6iJibnioro ne 3HHm,eHHH MäGTKy ()kh3hh) BoporiB, 3flp6yTTíi ,,nojioHy" (onojio-HHuiHca, HcnojioHHUiHCH), inmoi 3flo6HHÍ, any aiTonncenb ÍHOfli 6ap-BHCTo nepeainyc, íhohí 3BÍJitHeHo noaoHeHHx, 3axonjieHnx BoporaMH (oTnojiOHHma) ... 3piflKa 3ycTpinaGM0 BnnpaBH, iup 3aKÍH*iyK)Tbca 6e3ycnimHo: a6o KHH3b ,,3ciflac 3 kohh" ine np nonaTKy 6oíb, a6o no pÍ3HHX bíhcbkobhx nofliax 3aBepTac „bo cbohch", „Hinoro He BcniBmn" ... npo 3aÔHTHX mofli 3raflycTbca: „Bace HaM ix He boc-KpecHTH", repoi nofliň „BTHpaiOTb cjií3" Ta „BTHpaiOTb noTa" i noBep-TaiOTbCH flOflOMy „3 aecTio Ta noxBajiOK) BejiHKOio", ,,3 bcjihkoio nec- tk) Ta BeJIHKOK) nOXBaJIOK)", „3 HeCTK) B6JIHK0K)", ,,3 B6JIHKOK) CJia- BOK) Ta ^ecTio" Tomp. nofliÖHi (popMyjiH 3HaG jíiTonnc i flJia bcígí tígí HecKJiaflHoi no-jiíthkh, ino npHBOflHTt flo bíhcijKobhx BHnpaB. JXo mothbíb HajieacaTb M. íh. noMCTa 3a „oônfly"*, any „híhhm He BHKynnTH, tíjii>kh rojio-bok) cbogk)", TOMy ,,MCTHTb oÔHfly cBOK)" a6o „copoMa CBoro". Tpe6a „copoMa 3JIOJKHTH", 6o ,,copoM ripuiHH CMepra", ,,aimne, öparra, TyT yMepTH, amac y3HTH Ha ce6e copoin". KpiM Toro, ochobhoio Me-Toio bhhhkíb e ÖaJKaHHH cjiaBH — „aecTH": ,,BÍ3bMeM0 necTb cboio", „3HaHfly necTb cboio i öaacaHHH cbogi flyMKH". HaßiTb 3arajibna flyMKa: ,,6paTTa Ta npyacHHo! Bor He nocTaBHB PycbKy 3eMjno Ta pycbKHx chhíb Ha öes^ecTH, b ycix Micnax 3np6yBajiH coöi aecTH. Hhhí, SpaTTH, b d;hx 3eMJiHx, nepefl ayacHMH HapoflaMH flaä HaM, Eoace, necTb cboio nicTaTH" . . - Ajie He öpaicye h eroIcTHHHHx mothbíb: TypöoTa npo cbokd „HacTb" b „PycbKifi 3eMjii", 6opoTb6a 3a „nacTb" BefleTbca 6e3 ycHKHx nepenoH: „Xony HoBropofla floöpoM Ta jihxom myKaTH". 3ycrpiaa6Mo h BincTOioBaHHa CBoro cTapmHHCTBä TOmO. MeTa KHH3a (popMyjIIOGTbCH 3aBJKflH THMH CaMHMH CJIOBaMH — „cicTH Ha 6axbKÍBCbKOMy Ta fliflißCbKOMy npecTOJii". nopy^i KHH3ÍB b nepmiô nojioBHHi BÍKy aacTo BHCTynae i HacejieHHH. Bopoace CTaBjieHHH HacejieHHa np khh3íb onncyeTbca pi3HHMH ßapBaMH, a npHXHJibHe 3aBJKflH rapHHMH (popMyaaMH: „fle *) JJ,jih cjioBa „oöHga" HeMae BiAnoBißHoro cjioBa b cy^acHiö yicpalHCBKiö MOBi. B fleHKHx BHnaflKax fioivry BiflnoBiflaG cjiobo „KpHBAa", ajie boho Mae mo-pajibHe 3a6apBJieHHH, mo ňoro He 3aBJKAH Mae cjiobo „oÖHAa". 167 noôaanMO tbíh npanop, TyT i mh 3 to6ok> totobí CTaTH", „ineMo 3a T060K) 3 aítlmh, hk th oaacaGin", „pan,o 3a xe6e 6'gmoch, i 3 aítbmh", „xoaeMo 3a aecTL ÖäTBKa TBoro Ta tboio rojioBaMH cboimh HaKJiac-th". B3arajii naa 3arajiBHoro MOTHßyBäHHa BaHHKÍB aÍTonHcn.i 3Ha-k)Tb neBHHH tmi dpopMyan — ,,a6o-a6o", Hanp., ,,a6o jihxo, a6o npôpe bcím HaM", „a6o BÍn,naTH aciHKy, niTH Ta npyaumy b noaoH, aöo roaoBOK) HaKaacTH", „a6o roaoBoio HaKaany, a6o noMinyca 3a ceöe" ... Aae aHuapcBKHH MopaabHHÖ CBÍToraaa, aÍTonHcn,íb Ta ix repoiß g CBÍToraanpM xpncTHaHCbKHM, xoa, po3yMÍGTbca, b tíh CBocpiniňH dpopMi, aKOK) g CBÍToraaa, „xpHCTHHHCbKoro anijapa" i b Eßponi. OcTaHHG pinieHHa HaaeacHTB BoroBÍ. Píhko 3ycTpiaaeTbca (popMyaa „a to noöaaHMo", an roBopHTbca npo cnpnaTaHBHH aôo HecnpHHT-aHBHH aac (,,n.e Mem aac" Tomp). 3ae6iabinoro „noKaanaiOTb Haniio na Bora", „hk HaM Bor nacTb", a6o „npHBene"- B cynepeaicax ,,po3-cyflHTb" Bor — „xaS Hac po3cyn,HTb Bor" (Tanoac — „Cnac", „aec-hhh xpecT"), „aao, HaM, Boace, aecTb cbohd nicTaTH"; HaBÍTb: „Bor CHaoio cbogio Bin,aaB BoporaM HauiHM nepeMory, a HaM aecTb Ta caaBy", 60 ,,3a bcím Bor Ta cnaa xpecHa"... I nonii nyace aacTo, aKmo He B3araai, oóroBopioiOTbca caMe 3 TaKoro noraany — Bor, „aecHHH xpecT", EoroponHija npnoMarac orhhm, Kapac íhuihx; CBap-KH, cynepeaKH — n,iao niiaBoaoBe. 3oKpeMa, aacTo 3ycTpiaaGTbca Tane ocBÍTaeHHa noannaiOHH necb 3 1170 p. (npan,a iryMeHa Moňcea?). Boioioan 3ae6iabHioro 3a niaKOM npiôHi „oonnii" a6o ,,aacTÍ", nycTomaan piaHy 3eMaio, repoi KnÍBCbKoro aiTonncy BBaacaiOTb ce-6e 3a oxopoHnJB „PycbKoi 3eMai" (30 peai, nip; nieio Ha3ßoio BHCTy-naG TiabKH Yiípama) Ta „Hapoay xpncTHaHCbKoro", aae moni ím HOBonHTbca niScHo oôopoHaTH Kpamy bíh roaoBHHX Toni BoporiB-noaoBn;íb. Hac nÍKaBHTb TyT BaacHa ineoaoria repoiB aiTonncy Ta ix aÍTonHcn;íb. JXjih hhx ranoBe: ,,3a PycbKy 3eMaio xoay TpynHTHca .. . "; MHp 36epiracTbca ,,3anaa PycbKoi 3eMai Ta 3anaa xpncTHaH"; „naS HaM, Boace, 3a xpncTHaH Ta 3a PycbKy 3eMaio roaoBaMH HaKaacTH Ta np MyaeHHKÍB npHGnHaTHca . •. " Ineaa xpHCTHancbKoro annapa, mo noro hochjih b nyini KHa3Í 12 b. ine acKpaßime BHHBaeHHÔ y 3anncax aiTonncy npo xpecTOBi noxonn ÍMnepaTopa <í>pin,pixa BapöapoccH (3anncH nip; pp. 1188 Ta 1190): „Hboro caMe poKy nimoB n,ap HÍMenbKHH 3 ycieio cbogio 3eMaeio öhthch 3a rpo6 rocnoneHb, TaK 06'aBHB fioMy rocnonb aepe3 HHroaa, HaKa3yiOHH HOMy ííth. I hk bohh npHHinan, to ônanca KpinKo 3 6oroMep3KHMH thmh arapaHaMH... On,i hímuj, 168 HK MyaeHHKH CBHTÍI, npOJIHJIH CBOK) KpOB 3a XpHCTa 3 H,apHMH cboImh. lipo HHX rocnoflB Ham nonas 3HaKn: hk KorocB i3 hhx BÖHBaHO B BÍHHÍ 3 HyHĺHHUHMH TO no TpBOX flHHX TÍJia IX H6BH- Hhmo 6yjiH 6paHi 3 TpyHH aHroaoM TocnoflHiM, a íhhií, öa^Han ne, nparayjiH nocTpancnaTH 3a XpncTa; Ha hhx 3nÍHCHHJiacH BOJiH Eoaca, i Bor 3aBÍB ix no CBoro BHÖpaHoro CTana, 30 My- HeHHKÍB ..." 3aBflaKH hhm hhcjichhhm (popMyjiaM Khíbcbkhh JiiTonnc cnpaBJiae BpaaceHHa Haa,3BHHaHHoi nnniHocTH, ajie pa30M 3 thm neBHoi oflHO-MaHiTHocTH. OraopiocTBca BpaaceHHa, hí6h híjihh nac iiobtopkigtbch Te caMe. Ojkhbjiioioti> onoBiflaHHa anine oKpeMi niicaBi enÍ3on,h a6o hkícb He3BHaaHHi nonii. B TaKHx BHnaaKax aÍTonHCH,i He niKonyBajiii 6apB Ta rapHHx, acKpaBHx o6pa3ÍB. 3aTe Bnaflac b Bim Beanna omaflHicTB CTHaicTHHHHX 3aco6iB, mo npcHTE» pacHo BHCHBaaHCH b íhľuhx TBopax Toro ^acy. Maßace He 3ycTpinaGMo yaioôaeHoI i nyxoBHHMH i cbítcbkhmh aBTopaMH pHT-míkh. JJ,o piaKHX npHKaanJB phtmíhhoí ôyapBH HaaeacaTB, HanpnK-aafl, MÍpKyBaHHa khh3H Iropa (repoa „CaoBa") npo cboi „rpixH nepen, rocnoflOM: „Toni aHMaao anxa npHÖHaan HenoBHHHi xphcthhhh, oflpHBaaH aiTeii Bifl öaTBKiB Ix, 6paTa Bin; ôpaTa, npnaTeaa Biß, npaaTeaa fioro, acmoK Bifl HoaOBÍKÍB ix i noHOK Bifl MaTepiB Ix, i npnaTeabKy Bifl npnaTeaBKH IT, i Bee 3HenoKOGHe noaoHOM i acypöoio, iho TOfli 6yaa, acHBi 3a3flpaTB MepTBHM, a MepTBi pafliiOTB ... I ocb 6any Biflnaaiy IlaHa Bora Moro: fle hhhí mih yaMÖaeHHH 6paT? fle hhhí öpaTa Moro chh? fle flHTHHa, mo a i"i nopoflHB? fle ßoapn, mo paflaTB? fle BOHKH XOpOÖpi? fle iueper noaiÜB? fle kohí Ta 3Öpoa MHoronmHa? Bce ne a BTpaTHB, i 3B'a3aHoro flaB MeHe IlaH y pyKH 6e33aK0HHHX... 169 a6o: AjiÍTepan,ii pinici: Táno yMpe flpocjiaBT> ejHHHt, t-y-e y TOJIHIľfe CHJľB BOH, y-t-B 3a BeJíHKyio ropnpcTb ero, B-e noHesKe He HM^nnie Ha Bora [HaßOKH, H-h-h HO HafflT.HHieTbCH Ha MHOJKeCTBO [boh H-H-H-B h TaKo ycTpoH Eori> Mtrjiy, h HKOJKe He BH3ÍTH HHKaMO JKe, H-B-H T0JIHKO HO KOHeiTB KOnbH BHH"BTH, K-K-B H nOCTHJKe HOJKTb, H-n h b TOMt npHnpouiacH Ko o3epy [060H, H-n-0-0 h pa3Hfle i o3epo, h-o H TaKO HTiJI3Í 6bl hh OH^mt. [OH^Xt; H-O-0 Mbrjia me nojrbHCH bt> nojitnHH n-n h yncHHCH Heôo, H-y y3ptnia noJiKH 06a nojiti 03epa, y-o-n-o H TaKO ÔBHXyTCH Ha KpHJTBXTj [nOJIKOMt OTT» OÔOHXt. H-n-O-0 (B ocTaHHLOMy TeKCTi e 3ÍncyTÍ mícd,h). Ihohí 3ycTpinaGMo noBHHÍí napajiejiÍ3M 3o6paHceHHH heox noniä — nepeBaíKHo b CTaHax o6ox BoporÍB ("íh He BHnapKOBo hk Hacjii-HOK BJKHTKy (popMyji?): „hk no^ajia 3aÖMaTHCH 3opn, to nepme b lOpin (3aÖHJiH) b 6yÔHH b BiäcsKy i b cypMH 3acypMHjiH i nojiKH nonajiH roxy-BaTHCH, — tok i b B'HnecjiaBa, i b 13'ncjiaBa, i b PocTHCJiaBa nonajiH 6hth b öyÖHH i b cypMH cypMHTH, nojiKH m nonajín ro-TyBaTHCH ..." A60 b oflHOMy mícu.í a>K HOTHpH TocTHHH 3 npHBony BÍnBÍn,hh KH. j^aBHHa b Khgbí 1195 p. onncaHo Ha ohhíh CTopiHHJ thmh cememh CJIOBaMH. OHHOMaHÍTHÍCTb TOHy BÍHCbKOBOl nOBÍCTH OHCHBJIH6TBCH pÍ3HHMH BCTaBKaMH ÍHHioro CTHJiio, nepeBaníHo flyxoBHoro. íle, Hanp., mo- JIHTBH, BHTpHMaHÍ B CyTO-u,epKOBHOMy CTHJIÍ, 3fle6ÍJIbHIOro PHTMÍ30- Bam. Ciohh HajiencaTb i „HeKpojiorn" khh3íb y ni3HiHiiä nacram jiiTonncy, ii;ÍKaBÍ 3pa3KH „jirrepaTypHoro nopTpeTy". Ciohh Hajie- 170 ataTb cynÍJit>HÍ „noBÍCTÍ" — npo 3a6nTTH KHflHaMH KHH3a Iropír (1147), npo 3a6HTT\H AHnpia BoroJiioôcbKoro (1175), (nop. II. B.). BcTaBKOK) g nncaHe ariorpacpiHHHM (híhtíhhhm) cTHJieM ono-BÍnaHHH npo CMepTb khh3h PocTHCJiaBa (1168), 03ap6aeHe nyxoB- hhmh p03MOBaMH khh3s, ROTO MOJIHTBaMH Ta TaKOK) KÍHI^ÍBKOK) : ,,I noflHBHBCH Ha ÍKOHy caMoro TBopn,a, i nonaB mobhth th-xhm roJiocoM, nycKaio^H cjibo3h 3 onen: ,,Hhhí oanyinaGiuH paöa TBOGro, BaanHKO, no cjiOBy TBOGMy 3 mhpom". I 6yjio 6a-hhth cjib03h ßoro, m,o Jieacaan Ha oojihh^í noro, hk nepaoBÍ 3epHa. I TaK, yrapaio^ra cjib03H xycTHHKoio, BMep ..." JJ[o íhiiihx nÍKaBHx BCTaBOK HaJieJKaTb „njiani". Y TaKHX OnOBiflaHHHX Ta ypHBKax HeBÍHCbKOBOrO CTHJ1K) MaGMO MHMajio nÍKaBHx cthjiícthhhhx npHKMeT. ľlopyq iniTaT 3 Cb. IlHCbMa 3ycTpinaioTi>CH me ö íhihí (popMyjiH, amac bíhclkobí: ranOBÍ naa nepKOBHoi' jiiTepaTypn noaBÍHHÍ cjioBa (ÖJiaroyMHHÖ, BHcoKoyMHG, naryôoyOHHCTBeHHHH i t. n..). 4. CyiíÍJIbHHH CTHJliCTHHHO, aJie 30BCÍM ÍHIHOro CTHJIKJ JIÍTOnHC rajiHii;bKO-BojiHHCi>KHH. 3 1205 p. noHHHaeTbca onoBÍnaHHH npo nOflil raJIHUibKO-BoJIHHCbKOrO KHH3ÍBCTBa. CKJiaflHHH 3MÍCT np6pe cxapaKTepH3yBaB caM aBTop Ha3B0K> onHoro 3 po3niaÍB cbogí nparci: „Be3HHCJieHHbIH paTH h BeJIHKbIJI TpynjH, h qaCTbIH BOHHbl H MHOrHH KpaMOJibi, h HäCTaH BocTaHHH, h MHoraa MareacH. .." OnHcaHe 6e3 po3noniJiy Ha poKH jkhtth kh. /JaHHJia npBeneHe, ak snaeTbca, np p. 1260, a najii noHHHaeTbca npan;h íhhihx aBTopiB, hkí nonacTH nepeßyBajiH nin, BnjiHBOM cthjiio aBTopa 6iorpa(pii ^aHHJia. Ha ca-MOMy kíhiií (1287-89) nnine 3H0By HKHÖcb ohhh aBTop — npHHaíi-mhí Bce, mo CTOcycTbca 30 kh. BoaoanMHpa BacHJibKOBHHa, CTHJieM flOCHTb BÍflMÍHHHM Bifl nonepeflHHKÍB. 5. Cthjib nepinoi nacTHHH rajiHDjbKO-BojiHHCbKoro JiiTonncy — iCTOpil KH. ^aHHJia nOMÍTHO BÍflpÍ3HaGTbCfl BÍfl cthjiio KHlBCbKOrO JiiTonncy cboim ,,khhhíhhm" xapaKTepoM, Abtop, oneBHnHO, „khhjk-hhk" (He nypHo bíh 3raayG oKpeMo KHiBCbKoro „KHHaoniKa" Thmo-(pifl Ta „cniBna" Mmycy — cboíx ôpaxiB JiiTepaTopÍB — a6o nenaT-HHKa KnpHJia, ypanpBn,a khhjkoí KaHnpaapii). Bíh KoxaGTbca b CKJianHHX ÖynpBax peneHb, y CTapoBHHHiô mobí, jiioÔHTb pinKi cjio-Ba, TaKOHí rapm o6pa3H, nopiBHHHHa, opHrmajibm cHTyanii. HaiixapaKTepHCTHHHinie naa aBTopa JiiTonncy BacHBaHHa n,Í6-npHKMeTHHKOBHX KOHCTpyKD;ÍH, 30KpeMa t. 3B. „naBaabHoro canio-CTÍHHoro". Ocb, Hanp., au bíh onncye 3HaKH npn BnnpaBÍ: He aonienniHM me BoeMb pr>KH CaHy, cocŤ»flinHM ace Ha nojiH BopyaíHTbca, 171 h 6 ti b ni y 3HaMeHHK> cnne Hanl» nojiKORľb; npHineflniEMi opjiOM-b h mhothstb BopoHOivn., AKO OÖOJIOKy BeJIHKy, nrpaioiuHMT, Híe nTmx&Nťb, OpjIORľb ace KJieKbmyniHMTb h njiasaiomHM kphjiombi cbohmh, h BOcnpoMŤ.Taioin.HM'bea Ha BosnycŤ., HKo JKe HHorna h hhkojih ace He 6t» ... (I me He 3ÍHHIJIH BOHKH no piKH CfiHy, Ta 3uiihjih 3 KOHen Ha nojii, iu,o6 036P01THCH, Í npHJieTÍJIH ^HCJieHHi opjiH Ta KpyKH, HÍÔH BeJIHKa XMaoa, i nTHu;i rpajiH, opjin KJieKorajiH i njiaBajra Ha Kpnjiax Ta HocHJiHCfi y noBÍTpi, AK híkojih He öyßajio). TaK caMo, íik i b KniBctKOMy jiiTonnci, noni'i ixpaMaTH30BaHO, b neHKHx nacTHHax me nocjiinoBHiine, TaK mo Bee onoBinanHH po3-nanacTLCfi Ha ninjiorn. Abtop, 3 BJiacTHBHM hjih KHHacHHKa 3aiii- KäBJíeHHHM, 3ÔHpa6 OKpeMÍ BHpäSH, ÍCTOpHHHÍ bhcjiobh, npHCJIÍB'fI Tomo. Oct, Hanp.: „Jlinme Ha cboih 3eMjii kíctbmh jiarTH, híjk Ha HyjKiíi cjiäBHOMy Syra". HeBnajrae noxin, McTHCJiaBa npoTH TajiH- Ha 3aKÍHHHBCH tum, 1Ľ,0 ÖOflpHH IjIJIH CTenaHOBHH bhbíb äoro Ha TajiH^HHy MorHJiy Ta , ,nocMÍXHyBiiiHct> mobhb SoMy: Khh3io! BJKe TH nocnnÍB i Ha rajiH*iHHÍH MorHJii, 0T5Ke khhjkhb 6yB i b Ta-jiHm!.." A60 ^[aHHJio roBopHTt: „XpHCTHHHaM míu,í> nac npocTip, a TaxapaM TicHOTa". A60 cnpaBjKHi npHCJiiB'íi: „onHH KaMÍHb öaraTO ropHHJB po3ÔHBae", „He noflaBHBHiH 6n,íKÍJi, Meny He icthmchi", „3ji0 3Jiinie 3a 3ji0" ... /Jo iiboro Tpe6a me npnaTH HHTaTH 3 Cb. ÜHCbMa, nepeKJianHoí Jiiie-paTypn i t. 71. Abtop 30KpeMa oxo^e HanaG repoHM pi3HHx npÍ3BHm — „TOMHTejib BeHeflHKT" Ta „nperopnHH í>íjih" a6o „BejnraaBHH <Í>íjih" — yropcbKi bogbooh; CeMiOHKo, SoapHH rajiHUBKHH, — ,,6e3-3aKOHHHH, jihxhh, . . . nonjOHKH no JiHca, 60 pynHH" i t. n. HHCJieHHÍ CTaJli (pOpMyjIH, mo BJKHBaiOTbCa B KH'ÍBCBKOMy jiíto-HHCi, 3yCTpÍHeMO TaK CaMO i b raJIHHBKO-BOJIHHCbKOMy. JlHHie TyT yjKHTo ix KyflH noMipKOBaHime — aBTop bojiíg 3aMÍcn> noBTopeHHH CTapoi (popMyjiH nonaTH jrayct HOBy KapTHHy, hobhh acKpaBHH o6pa3. Oct, HK 3MajitOBaHo BÜicbKa: Ha 3aMKy b BojIOHHMHpi BojIHHCbKOMy- „ctojijih 03ÔpOGHÍ BOÍIKH, 6jIHIH,aJIH mHTH Ta 3ÔpOÍI, HÍÔH COHH,e" J b BÍHCBKy J\&- HHJia „6yjiH kohí b MacKax i b noKpHBajiax hikíphhhx i jhohh b 6poHHX, i cbíthjihch nyace fioro nojiKH, 60 Sjrainajia 36poír. A caM IxaB... pyctKHM SBHMaGM: kíhb nin, hhm 6yB híôh 3hbo, i cinjio 3 najieHoro 30JioTa, i CTpijiH, ö inaôJiH, 30jiotom o3floö-jieHa... i njiain. 3 rpentKoi öarpHHHni, Ta oÖuihto noro Mepe-jKHBaMH 30jiothmh iiJiocKHMH, i nepeBHKH 3ejieHoro ean'HHy, IIIHTÍ 30ji0t0m ..." Ocb KapTHHH 6oí'b: „í HK CIIHCH 3aJIOMHJIHCfl, TpicHyjio hí6h rpiM, i 3 060X ÔOKÍB ôaraTo nanajio 3 KOHeá i BMHpajiH, a íhihhx paHeHo... ", „kh-flaJiH cnncaMH i roJiOBHHMH, hí6h ÖJiHCKaBKa, i KaMÍHHH, hí6h som,, 3 He6a nasajio", „a mnii nanajiH 3 MiciKa b piB, hí6h cho-nn; a poBH 6yjiH Ha BHrjina ayace rjiHÖoKi i HanoBHHjiHca MepT-BHMH, i Modena 6yjio xosHTH no Tpynax, hí6h no moctí". Bijitme MÍcn;h npHnijiaeTBCH oKpeMHM repoHM, npo hkhx y Kh-íBCBKOMy jiÍTonHci 3raflyBaHo Jinnie 3pÍ3Ka. Ocl hk onncaHo ynacTb y ôhtbí 3 yrpaMH caMoro .Ttamuia: „Khh3b JJaHHjio 3aixaB 33any Ta kojiob ix... ^aHHjio... BflapHB cnncoM BOHKa, a hk cnnc 3JiaMaBCH, BHTHrHyB Men; no-3hbhbihhch Ha bcí 60KH Ta öany^h, mp npanop BacHjibKÍB cto-1Tb, 3o6pe ÖopioMHCb Ta aceHynn Yrpiß, BHTar Men, Ěny^h 6pa-tobí Ha noMÍM, 6araTbox nopaHHB, i íhuií bíh, Mena noro BMep-jiH.. . .HaHHJio nifl'ixaB 30 hhx (npanopy BacmibKOBoro) i He noóanHB aHi onHoro BOHKa, jiňme otpokíb, mp TpnMajiH kohí; a bohh, He nÍ3HaBniH noro, xotíjih MenaMH nociKTH noro kohh, Ta MHjiocTHBHH Bor bhhíc noro 6e3 paHH". rajiHiíbKo-BoJiHHCbKHH JíiTonnc öararaiHH i Ha mobhí npHKpa-ch. JlocHTb nacTo 3ycTpÍHaK>TbCH pHTMřmi mícijh, nonHHaionH 3 cjiaBH03BÍCHoro MÍcn,h npo PoMaHa rajiHUbKoro: npHCHonaMHTHaro caMonep>Kbn.a Been Pycn, oaoJTBBina bchm'b noraHbCKtiMX nsbiKOMt, yMa MyspocTbio xo3Hin,a no sanoBT.aeM'b Bojkhhmt» : ycTpeMHJi 60 ch Same Ha noraHbin hko h jicbi-, Cep3HTT> HCe 6bICTb HKO h pblCb, h ryônnie hko h KopKoaHJľb, h npexoacanie 3eMJiK> hxt> hko h opejit, xpaôopij 6t> hko h Typt... Die onHe 3 thx He syace nncjieHHHx Micub, b hkhx MacMo híôh BiflryKH enocy. Ilopyn n,boro i 3ran,Ka npo Te, hk ,,Bojio3hmhp Mo-HOMax riHB 30ji0thm mojioMOM JS,ou" (nop. „Cjiobo o nojiKy Irope-bí"), i onoBiflaHHH npo 3ÍJiJiH-eBinaH, mo MaôyTb, 3aHuiJio 30 jiíto-nncy 3 nojioBeiítKoro enocy i m,e KopoTine npo nojioBeubKoro xaHa KoHnaKa, m;o „BnnepnaB Cyjiy, xobhhh niuiKH, hochhh Ka3aH 3a 17$ njienHMa", mo Haranye rinepôojiH „GnoBa o nojiKy Iropeßi". Ajie noBepHÍMoefl 30 phtmíkh. Ocb npoMOBa IropeBHniB 30 IlepeMHniJiírH: BpaTte! nonTo CMymaeTecH ? He CHH JIH H3ÔHHia 0TIIH BaiHH h 6paTBK) BaiHK) ? a hhbh HMTíHHe Bame pa3rpa6Hina? h smepn Bania 3ania 3a paÖBi Baina? a OTBnBCTBHH BaHIHMH BJia3T.Hia hhhh npHHieJIIIH ? to 3a tbxtj jih xoneTe symio cbokj nojiosKHTH? Ajie b HiijioMy oíjibhiíctb TaKHx míchb híkk He HarasyG npoc-T01 6y30BH peneHB CTaporo Jirronncy Ta HaBÍTB KniBCBKoro jiíto-nncy: ne peTopnnm rpauiKH KHHJKHHKa. JXo rpanioK HajiejKHTB i rpa cjiOBaMH, Hanp.: „/JffBCTp 3Jiy h r py CBir p a yr p oMt.", a6o: „6 o a p h h 6oapnHa hjtbhhb-Hie, CMepRi CMep3a, rpa^i» rpa 3 a". .Hacepeao nepruoro 30Teny — Majiajia, spyrnn Ha 3pa30K noBTopeHHa cjiíb y Cb. IIhcbmí Ta nponoBÍ3flx. BijiBHie HaxHJiy bhhbjihg aBTop 30 BneHoi, peTopnnHoi oôpoOKH mobh. Bíh oxone BJKHBac CKJiaflHHX KOHCTpyKiíÍH, Hanp., oxone yacH-BaG aôcTpaKTHHX cjiíb TaM, 3e MOBa Ô3e npo iiiaKOM kohkpcthí peni. ITpHMipoM, 3aMÍcTB cKa3aTH ,,'ix BHrHajiH" bíh Kaaee „hbiht. JKe H3rHaHHe 6 bi c t b Ha hhx" ; 3aMÍCTB „nopaHeni cnncaMH" — „ya3BeHH ÔBima oti Kpí>nocTH yflapeHHa KoniŽHor o'', 3aMÍcTB „nepepyßjieHo tcmneM Mena" — „otb k o h b 11 a o c t p o t bi m e n e b bi n . . . nepeTHTB öbibiuh" i t. 3. KoxaGTBca aBTop y CHHOHÍMax Ta He3HaHHX cjioBax Ta ÍH03Í 3MynieHHH caM ,,nepeKJia3aTH" cboi BJiacHi cjioBa: „KOJiBiMara, peK-ine (— ceÖTo) cTaHBi", „pnKCb, peKOMBiň KopojiB yropcBKBiö", ,,bch oKpecHaH Been, peicoMaa oKOJiHaa" toiho. 6. JXSLJieKO npOCTÍHIHH cthjib OCTaHHBOÍ naCTHHH TaJIHIÍBKO-Bo- jiHHCBKoro jiÍTonncy, npncBHneHoro Beanicoio MÍpoio KHH3eBÍ Bojio-3HMHpoBÍ BacHJiBKOBHny. I^e — 30CHTB 3BopyruaHBa icTopia Soro XBopoÔH (nicTpHK ryßn) Ta CMepTH UBoro khh3H — ÍHTeaireHTa, KHHJKHHKa, aMaTopa „KHHSKHoro CHHcaHHji", mp HaBÍTB caM nepe-nncyBaB KHHrn, aMaTopa MHCTeiiTBa. Bíh 6yB Taicoac MHcaHBiipM Ta bohkom, aire npo ne aÍTonnc 3rasyG anine b MHHyaoMy naci... Ey30By MOBH - p03M0BH, 3ÍGnpHKMeTHHKH - H0BHH aBTOp V n.ijiOMy yTpHMaB tí caMi, nip öyan b aBTopa öiorpacpii JJaHHaa.* Ajie nHMajio npoMOB khh3h Bojio3HMHpa BacHJiBKOBHna cthjií30-BaHo fiK JiHCTH. Abtop 3anHcyG íi 3ÍHCH1 „rpaMOTH" a6o ypHBKH * JlHíne „flaBanbHoro oaMOCTiôHoro" He BHCHBaeTbCH tíik lacTO, hk y 6io-rpaipii flaHHjia. ľlk 3 HHX n.0 CBoro TBopy. noni'i onncye ßiabine mhphí. Cepen, po3MOB BHpHHaiOTB 3aran.KH a6o chmbojiíhhí peneima, npnponiii naa khh3H — KHiia-cHHKa. H,ina po3MOBa 3 nepeMHCBKHM enncKonoM, mo npn-ixaB 3 nppyaeHHH KHa3a JlBBa, npocHTH npo Han.aHHa fioMy Be-pecTH, BHTpHMaHa b CTHai B3a€MHoro sanaBaHHa 3aranpK: enncKon npoxae ,,He 3racHTH CBra" Han. Moraaoio nanbKa KHa3eBoro ,HaHHaa b XoaMi, a BepecTa — ,,to 6h tboh CBina 6yaa", — khh3b, mp ,,po3yMie npHTHi Ta Teame caoBo", „6o 6yB khhhíhhk Ta jiíibíh Ta „OaeKcaHnpia". 3aaGTBC5i, bíh KopncTäBCH He oKpeMHMH TBopaMH, a MaB y pyKax „xpoHorpacp", CKJianeHHH Ha nincTaBi iihx TBopiB. Ihohí bíh 6ynyG CBOG OnOBÍflaHHH Ha HHTaTaX 3 u.HX TBOpÍB: XapaKTepHCTHKa KHH3H PoMaHa g HacjiÍAyBaHHHM xapaKTepncTHKH TepKyjieca b MajiajiH Ta OjieKcaHflpa MaicenpHCbKoro b „OaeKcaHnpiľ'. JXoTen ,,3Jiy nrpy Cbirpa ^h-BCTpi," — 3ano3HHeHO 3 MajiajiH, ne n,e CKa3aHo npo piKy Ckhpt; ujHTaTy 3 „rojvrepa" aBTop y3HB, naneBHe, 3 HKo'icb 36ipKH. Onnc raann,bKoro BiScbKa Haranyc onncn <í>aHBÍa Ta AMapTOJia. OnHa npoMOBa ^annaa Haranyc npoMOBy /Japia 3 „OaeKcaHHpi'i"; onncH 601B noniÔHi ho onneÍB 4>jihbíh Tom,o. Tpeôa BH3HaTH aBTopa öiorpacpii khh3h ZlaHnaa 3a onHoro 3 HaOTajiaHOBHTiruHX cthjiíctíb Hanioii CTapoí aiTepaiypn. ,,3ano3H-neHHa", 3BH^aHHÍ b cbítobíh cepeHHbOBÍHHÍH JiiTepaTypi, g annie He- BeJIHHKOK) HaCTHHOKJ HOro BeJIHKOro TBOpy, ho TOTO aBTOp ix 3BH- naÖHo nonepepoßjiiOBaB y nyci CBoro BaacHoro cthjiio i 3 CKapôy CBOIX 06pa3ÍB 3yMÍB yTBOpHTH CyniabHÍ Ta BHpa3HÍ KapTEHH. He aÖHHKHM MHCTD;eM g i aBTop onoBinaHHa npo CMepTb Boao-HHMHpa. Bíh ine öiabnie 3a TpanniiiGio nepKOBHoi aŕiepaTypn, npoTe 3yMÍB 3 u,hm npnKpameHHM craneM cnoayanTH HHMaao peaaicTna-hhx rapHHX o6pa3ÍB 3 ocTamiix hhíb aiHTTa CBoro repoa. 8. Craab oKpeMHX ^acTHH aÍTonncy BKa3yG Ha íx aBTopiB. Bíh p. 1146 (npn6aH3Ho) no^nnacTbca b KnÍBCbKOMy aiTonnci onoßi-HaHHH „BiiicbKOBoro" CTHaio. Xtaatnii onoBinaHHa 3aBaíflH 3B'a3am 3 OC060K) neBHoro khh3H. Hanöiabin cyniabHHM Ta CTHaicTH^Ho bh-KÍH^eHHM g onoBinaHHa npo khh3H l3'acaaBa. ABTopa noro MoacHa BBaataTH 3a aionnHy CBÍTCbKy, aae nÍ3HÍme boho, MaöyTb, 6yao oôpoôaeHe pyKOio nyxoBHoí ocoôh, mp noBHocnaa ho Hboro n ne-aKi ^yaci 3aBBarn mh nrapini onoßiflaHHa. ni3HÍme aiTonncaHHa, MaöyTb, Bean pÍ3HÍ ocoöh, aae HanpHKimji cToaiTra Becb MaTepiaa 6yB oôpoôaeHHH flaa KHa3a PiopnKa, ohcbhhho, iryMeHOM Bnny-6en.bK.oro MaHacTnpa MoficecM, aKOMy HaaeacHTb i nponoBiflb-no-XBaaa, m,o Heio 3aKÍH*iyGTbca KHiBCbKnä aiTonne. HloHo PaaHiibKo-BoaHHCbKoro aÍTonncy, to KiabKa ypnBKÍB 3 HKorocb yTpaneHoro raaniibKoro aÍTonncy 3ycTpmeMo Bace b Khí'b-cbKOMy aiTonnci. Aae b nacram noro TeKCTy, m,o RiŘiujia, ho Hac aK cyijiabHa, noHHHaio^H bíh p- 1205 MoaceMo bhhijihth hbí ^ac-thhh — 6iorpaKa, KHHJKHa, jiiTe-paTypHo oönapoBaHa. CHMnaTil Soro Ha 6ou,i khh3h, a He 6oap. He Mir 6yra xtocb 3 KaHneaapii khh3h JJJaHHaa, MaôyTb, bojihhhk, He rajiHnaHHH, 60 raannaHH naa Hboro — ,,6e36oaari". Cyn;iabHe onoBinaHHH npo khh3H BoaonHMnpa BacnabKOBHna (3a naTaMH InaTCBKoro pyKonncy pp. 1287-8) — HaneBHe TBip KaHiieaapHCTa, MOJKe roJioBHoro nncapa khh3s (HaBoa,HTbca bhhhckh 3 rpaMOT KHH3H). Eyan HaBÍTt npHnymeHHH, mp np toh Xonppent a6o Xo-flopoK lOpiíioBHn, mo cnncaB KHHJKHa 3anoBÍT (HaBeneHHii i b ono-Binarnii). lipo aBTopiß íhhihx nacTHH aiTonncy BaacKO cKasaxn mpeb neBHe. 9. ycTaBOK y raaHHtKO-BoaHHCbKOMy aiTonnci Mafiace HeMa. Beet MaTepiaa, 3ano3HneHHH 3 aKHxocb n.acepea, o6po6aeHHÖ HaHOBO aBTopaMH. Aae Khibcbkhh aiTonnc 12 ct. BHKopHCTOByc aiTonncHi aacepeaa, inp He aminan 30 Hac, BKasyionn Ha aiiepaTypHe »htth, k&m 6e3nocepenHbo ne 3HanoMe. — MaGMo nin, p. 1172 Ta nÍ3HÍniHMH iijaně Hieper aaHHX npo ponimy PiopHKa n Ta noro ôpaTÍB, 30K-peMa „HeKpoaorHM, mp g hí6h peniTKaMH aKoicb ponHHHoi xpoHÍKH P0CTHCaaBHHÍB. JJaaeKo n,iicaBÍnii peniTKH HepmriBCbKoro aiTonncy. HepmriB-CbKi BinoMocii, mo ix 3Haxon,HMo b KniBCbKOMy aiTonnci, oxonaio-k)Tb flocHTb noBrHH nac (3 1146 p.). BH3HaHHy poaio b iihx 3bíct-Kax rpac ocoóa Ta poníma khh3h Iropa, repoa „CaoBa o noaKy Iropeßi", HepniriBCbKoro khh3h 3 p. 1198. Moama ran,aTH, inp Hep-HiriBCbKHH aiTonnc 6yB oöpoöaeHHÖ aaa KHa3a Iropa. JJp-He-np 3y-CTpinaiOTbca npTaabmnii bí^omoctí npo nepeacaaBCbKi nonii, — Moac-aHBO, inp np KncBa bíhomoctí 3 6aH3bKoro ľlepeacaaBa noxonnan h 6e3nocepen,Hbo. Aae neBmini nam npo icHyBaHHa aiTonncaHHa b riepeacaaßi MacMo 3 aiTonnciB niBHmHHX, cy3n,aabCbKHX. TyT 3HaxoHHMo oKpeMi bíhomoctí aboKaabHoro nepeacaaBCbKoro 3MÍCTy, aae np p. 1228. B kíhiií 12 ct. üepeacaaß CTaB hkhmocb npoTeKTO-paToM cy3HaabCbKoro KHH3ÍBCTBa, oTace, KopncTaHHa nepeacaaB-CbKHMH aacepeaaMH b cy3naabCbKHX aÍTonHcn,ÍB 6yao niaKOM npn-ponHc. — TaK caMo niBHinHi aiTonucn noBonaTb naM, inp i khíb-cbKe aiTonncaHHa He npnnHHHaoca 3 KmneM 12 b., — b Cy3naab-CbKOMy aiTonnci 3ycTpinacMo nrapoKi onoBÍnaHHa npo khibcbkí nonii, nneam cTnaeM KniBCbKoro aiTonncy 3 pp. 1203-4-5. — IUpnp TJayrorna (nop. noro nacepeaa 11 ct., I. 6. 7), to naa 12 Ta ni3-híhihx CTopin bíh, 3flaGTbca, KopHCTaBca aiTonncaMH nÍBHÍHHoro noxonaíemaa. Hh caras noro IlepeMHCbKHH aiTonnc naai b 12 cto-pr-ma, HH anuie np p. 1128, — BCTaHOBHTH HeMoacaHBO. Aae mp raann;bKHH aiTonnc BenpHO He anine b 13 ct., a ä naBHirne, ne neBHo: b nepinin aacTHHi InaTÜBCbKoro aiTonncy 12 ct. nopyn kh- 177 ibcbkhx BinoMocTefi megmo TaKoac raannbKi, caMa (popMa hkhx (nocHjiaHHH Ha íhhií mícu.h, hkhx b InaTiiBCbKOMy aiTonnci HeMac) noKa3ye, mo bohh nosn^em 3 sKoroct. cyijiabHoro HeBinpMoro HaM TBopy. fl. E n o c 1. £f,o neaKoí MipH MoacaHBo BCTaHOBHTH tcmh CTaporo enocy, 12, a no^acTH i 13 ctm aKoro cy^acHHMH HaM HamaaicaMH BBaataiOTb niBHÍHHi „dapHHH" (I. }K.). Jlnine ap enocy 12-13 bb. Maňace He MaGMo napaaeat y aiTonncax. KhIb yace b 12 ct., BinpKpeMHBinHca Bin. íhluhx KHa3ÍBCTB, noMaay 3aHenana,g, roaoBHe 3 npHHHH roc-noflapcbKHx: EBpona BinKpHBac hobí uiaaxn 3hochh 3 opíghtom Ta U,aproponpM. HacainKOM nboro ninynany e 6paK eniaHHX khibc£.khx TeM 3 nboro ^acy. řípo Khib na niBHoai Maáaíe 3a6yBaiOTb: TaK Hob-ropoflCbKHH aiTonnc HaBÍTt> He 3raay6 3pyíiHyBaHHa KHGBa TaTa-paMH. TeMaTHKa enocy 12-13 ct, yTBopHaaca, 3 onHoro 6oKy, nin, BnaHBOM p03KBÍTy 3axÍHHbo'i YKpaiHH, 3 npyroro — TaTapcbKoi HaBaan. 2. raaHnjbKo-BoaHHCbKoro noxon,aceHHa g „CTapHHa" npo ,Hk> Ka CTenaHOBHHa. 3míct ií — npHi3a, 3 iHnii, 3 raanaa (íhohí „ra-aHHa-BoanHD;a") 30 KneBa 6araTHpa, xapaKTepncTHKa anoro, Baac-He, CKaanacTbca anme 3 onncy noro 6araTCTB — cnonaTKy hhm caMHM, noTÍM, Koan BHHHKaioTb cyMHÍBH, He nepeóiabuiyc bíh, „onncyBaHaMH", hkhx 30 raanaa HaacnaaG KHa3b BoaoaHMHp. Onncysa^ii MycaTb BiaMOBHTHca onncaTH SaraTCTBo /JiOKOBe, 60 naa BHTpaT Ha n,K> npan.io Tpe6a 6yao 6 nponaTH Ha nanip KhIb, a Ha nepa Ta ^opHHao — ^tepmriB. B Khgbí .ZJiok ÍHon,i BHCTynac KOHKy-peHTOM mnioro 6araTHpa Toro ac raný, Hypnaa. To bohh MaiOTb nepecKOHHTH kohcm qepe3 ^Hinpo, to npoTaroM neBHoro nacy inp-fleHHo MmaTH BÓpaHHa. Bnrpac ^k»k. Bace caMe iM'a „JXiok", 3My-inyc flyMara npo 3axin.HG noxonaíeHHa repoa. Onncn .ZJiOKOBoro 6a-raTCTBa 3ano3H*ieHÍ 3 noBicra npo iHniScbKe ijapcTBo (EKCKypc I. r. 6. 8). HaHÍMOBipHinie, mo ua noBicib npHHinaa 30 TaaHHHHH 3a SpocaaBa OcMOMHcaa. npo nninHicTb híhtth raaHn,bKoro khh3h Ta 6oap apBinyGMoca neinp 3 aiTonncy. Im'h „.ZJiok" (BÍ3aHT. „moKac") Ta no-6aTbKOBÍ „CrenaHOBH^" (yaio6aeHe yropcbKe ím'h — OreípaH) MoaíyTb 6yTH yropcbKoro noxonaceHHH, TaK caMo, hk i *iyn,0BHH KÍHb JXKfRa. — (nop. onoBinaHHH npo yropcbKHx KOHeíí y Khgbí 1150 p.). I^ÍKaBo, inp neam non,po6Hii;i B6paHHa JJiOKa ^h Mypnaa — 3ano3H^ieHÍ He 3 nepeKaany, a 3 aaTHHCbKoro opnriHaay nosicTH npo iHflificbKe n;apcTBO. Up Teac noTBepnacyc nyMKy npo Te, mo míc-neM noxonaceHHH enocy 6yaa TaaHaHHa. 178 Be3yM0BH0, icHyBaan nepeKa3H npo „Hypnaa" b raannnm: ím'h ňoro TaM 36eperaoca HaBÍTB y nicHHX. 3ran,yiOTB npo HBoro b 16-17 ct. Pen 3 HaťjioBin. Ta C. Ejilohobh^. Hypnjio — Tanna caMHH KaBajiep, aK JJ,k>k, jinuie MeHme öaaroponHoro xapaKTepy, bíh „6ajiaMyT". IIpÍ3BHine „HypnjiiB" a6o „/JacypHaiB" Haaeacaao np npÍ3BHin, 3axip;Hbo-yKpai'HCBKoro ôoapcTBa, Bin, UBoro npÍ3BHina noxoflHTB Ha3Ba MicTa HypnjioBa (ni3HÍme TJacypHHa) Ha Iloniani. B cynacHHx „CTapHHax" npo Hypnjia rany hobcjib Mypnjio 3'hb-aHGTBCa Í3 CBOeW flpyHÍHHOK) npH HBopi BojioflHMHpa. BoJIOHHMHp poÖHTB ňoro ,,naniHHKOM", ajie, 3araan,ÍBinHca Ha ňoro Kpacy, khh-rHHfl nopi3ajia coôi pyny. JIioÖoBHa icTopia 3 jkíhkoio ÔoapHHa Eep-mhth KOHiTye ňoMy HapeniTi jkhttk. lipo ňoro KOHKypeHU,iio 3 /J,k)-kom MH Bace 3ran,yBajiH BHme. OnHa noniaBCBKa nicHa npo Hypnaa 3Hae ňoro aK npoBinHHKa „nÍBonoro BiňcBKa". Cynacm cTapHHH npo Hypnaa, 3aaeTBca, nÍ3HÍnie (b Mockbí?) hochtb nonepepoôaiOBaHi. Hkí caine TeMH 3HaB npo HBoro cTapnö enoc, cKa3aTH BaacKO, neB-hhm e jiHine, mp ne 6yB ran JJpH ^KyaHa. 3. TepoinHy ôopoTBÔy — 3MÍe6opcTBo, Maaioe Tperiň TBip ra-aHUBKO-BoaHHCBKoro enocy — nicHa npo Mnxaňaa ľloTOKa. Hlo enoc npfi noxonHTt, Moace, Teac 3 TaaHMHHH, noica3ye raannBKa nicHa npo aiBHHHy, mo „flHBHTBca oflHHM okom Ha J-lacypnay, njpy-THM Ha IIoTOKa". Im'h „IIotok" no3a thm HeßinpMe Ha caoB'aHCB-KOMy cxoni. CTapHHa npo IIoTOKa, MaôyTB, 3aaeacHa ßin. acnria 60a-rapcbKoro CBaToro 3MÍGÔopn,a Mnxaňaa 3 ľloTyKH. IcTopia ľloTOKa npcnrt CKaanHa. Bíh onpyacycTBca, aae aciHKa ňoro CKopo BMHpac. Mnxafiao HaKa3ye noxoBara ceöe 3 aciHKOio. Koan b CKaeni 3'hb-aacTBca 3MÍn, Mnxafiao 3MymyG ňoro npHHecTH „acHBo'i Bonn", npn fl0n0M03Í aKOl bíh OaCHBJIIOG cbok) aCÍHKy. íle ■- Ka3KOBÍ mothbh. MoacaHBo, mp noniÔHe onoBinaHHa xonnao b Boarapi'i i npo cb. Mh-xaňaa 3 IIoTyKH. lipo 3axinHG noxon,aceHHa „CTapHHH" cßinnaTB 3raflKH npo üoniaaa, npo JlnTBy. IIpHBin, po nocTaHHa eniaHoro TBopy Morao nonaTH nepeHeceHHa moiuíb cb. Mnxaöaa b TpHOB 1206 p. 3 Boarapií nepeKa3 Mir aerKo npnnTH np TaaHHHHH, 60 raanubKe KHa3ÍBCTBO 6yao Ha npainiHbOMy Rynal, 6aH3BK0 np Boarapií i Miac hhmh 6yan KyaBTypm 3hochhh. 4. MoacaHBo, mp 3 raanubKo-BoanHCBKoro eniHHoro CKapôy BHHUiaa ň „CTapHHa" npo JlyHaa. lipo Zlynaa „CTapnHa" onoBinac, aK bíh (1) BHCBaTaB naa khh3h BoaonHMnpa npnKy 5 ,aaxoBHHCBKO-ro" Kopoaa, (2) 3ycTpiHyB y noai nJBHHHy-öaraTHpa Ta onpyacHBca 3 Heio, (3) 3 cynepHHUTBa b CTpiabôi 3 ayKa 3s6hb aciHKy, a Toni h ce6e: 3 Ix xia bhtckjih pi^KH JJyHaä Ta /jHinpo (Hinpa i t. n.). IlepniHH mothb Moace 6yTH hkocb 3B'a3aHHH 3 bogbohoio Bojionn-MHpa BacHaBKOBHHa, npo HKoro aiTonnc Kaace, mp b pp. 1280-x 179 ^íyHaH-BOGBOfla Í3nHB nocjioM no Ma30Ben,BKoro khh3ji KoHpana. Uboro onHoro MOTHBy Moate Bee jk He npcHTb naa Toro, inp6 3 neBHÍCTK) 3B'H3aTH JXyH&íl - repOH „CTapHHH" 3 iCTOpHHHOK) oco- 6ojo. lile MeHHie nincTaB BBaacaTH pÍ3HHx PoMamB, 3ran,yBaHHx y „CTapHHax", 3a PoMaHa raanntKoro. Ajie smíct „CTapHH" npo Po- MaHa MOJKe 6yTH 3'HCOBaHHH 3 Ka3KOBHX mothbíb. 5. Be3yMOBHo 3ß'a3aHi 3 TaTapcBKoio HaBaaoio cioaceTH neaKHx ,,CTapHH". y cTapHx ciomeTax, TaTapn 3acTyxiHjiH Micije CTapininx BoporiB PycH. TaTapn, MaßyTt, 6yan 3 caMoro noaaTKy b „cxapn-Hax" npo KaaHHa-n,apa, npo Bacnaa IraaTOBHaa (a6o Iľamiino), HapeniTi, npo TaK 3B. „KaMCBKe noôoíine". 3míct uhx CTapnH — ocTaTOHHa 3arn6eafc öararapiß Ha KaMi, a6o Hanan Ha Khib napa KajiHHa, iqo noro noÖHBae laaa, a6o ijapa BaTHrn, aKoro noÔHBae Bacnat IrnaTOBHa. IH,acaHBHH KÍHen,t> b 060X BHnanKax, po3yMÍGTtca, npnaHo annie nÍ3HÍuie. IlicHa npo Ba-CHaa IrHaTOBHaa noaHHaGTtca naaaeM Eoroponnnj Kap MaHÔyTHtoio 3arH6eaaK> KneBa. IIoeTHaHe odpopMaeHHa n,boro naaay, po3MOBa Eoropon.Hn,i 3 TypaMH, — 3aran.K0Be. B cTapími npo KaMCbKe no-6oi'iu,e Ta npo KaaHHa napa TaTapn 3'aBaaiOTbCH no nBa pa3n, nio BiflnoBinaG icTopnaHiň ríhchoctí (ÔHTBa npn Kaan! 1224 p., Baran 1237-41 p.); Ha3BH „KaMctKe no6oiin,e'' Ta „KaaHH" noxonaTb Bin, „KaaKCBKo'i" aöo ,,Kaaen.cbKoii" 6htbh (pma „KaaKa" MaaoßinoMa); Baran naB noxonmeHHa Bara3i; 3arn6eab 6ararapÍB BinnoBinaG 3arn6eai ancaeHHHX KHa3ÍB npn Kaani, b nÍBHÍaHO-cxin,HÍx aiTonn-cax 3ran,yGT&ca npo 3arHÖeab Aatorui ITonoBHaa Ta íhiuhx 6ara-THpiß. Aae BaacKo CKa3aTH, an nepnii eniam nicm Ha mo TeMy no-CTaan b Khgbí, an nocTaan bohh pech b ininoMy Micni, anine ni3-Hinie ix noB'a3aaH 3 Khgbom. 6. 3aTe HeMac cyMHÍBy, mp i b Khgbí i b TaanaHHi 6yan eniam TBopH, ani B3araai He nepeonian y nißmam ciapHHH, a nann oc-HOBy npo30BHM nepeKa3aM Ha yKpaim. TyT TaKoac MoacHa po aeaKoi Mipn BCTäHOBHTH caMy xeMy cTaporo eniaHoro onoßinaHHH, aae He noro neTaai. — Onmeio 3 TaKHX eniaHHX TeM g onoßinaHHa npo JXeu'sma KyneHeBHaa, BinpMe HaM 3 ni3Hboro MocKOßctKoro t. 3b. HHKOHOBoro aiTOnncy uip p. 1180. Enoc ueä IlepeacaaBCbKHH (ko-ao üepeacaaßa g ceao KynHiB). 3a aiTonncoM .HeM'aH oöopoHae nepeaeaaB cnoaaTKy Bia, KH33H Taißa HoBropon-CiBepcBKoro. Xa-paKTepncTHaHOK) eniaHoio pncoio TyT g Te, m;o TIčm'hh noÖHBac BiöcBKo FaiÖa bhbox Í3 cboím cayroio TapacoM. IIotím 3'aBaaiOTLca noaoBin., npoTH hkhx JXqm'sih BHCTynae caM HaBÍTB 6e3 36po'i. — Ihuií eniaHi nepeKa3H onoßinaiOTb npo icTopnaHy ocoôy — PoMana raam^BKoro, npo aKoro MacMo 3ranKH b yKpaiHctKifi Ta noatcbKiž aÍTonHCHiH rpaflHUjil: híôh noaoBentKe aaKaHHa pireň PoMaiioM, 180 npHCJiiß'fl: PoMaH, m,o ope „JIhtboio", ,,He lCTHMein Meny, He bhhh-miiBiHii 6n)KÍJi", e 3ran„KH .ZJjiyroina 3a nojiBCBKi nicHi npo PoMaHa. B nÍ3HÍniHX 3anHcax 3ÔepircH nepeKa3 npo nocojiBCTBo nann pHM-CBKoro ra JleniKa nojitcBKoro n,o PoMaHa. PoMaH bíhmobhbch Bin, neperoBopiß 3 oöoMa, 30KpeMa BÍn,noBÍn,b nani noeTHHHO-eniHHa: bh-THrHyBiHH Men, PoMaH nHTae: — „Hh e TaKHÖ EteTpiB Men y nann?" — /íajiBuie eniHHe onoBin,aHHH, mo híhihjio flo Hac Jinnie b cpopMi yKpai'HCBKHx npo30BHx jiereHn,, g onoBinanHH npo MnxaibiKKa. Ry-5Ke bíhmíhhí b flerajiHX, bohh 3B'H3am 3 3arH6ejiJiio KncBa: Mnxafi-jihk, ôararap-MajiojiÍTOK, BinxonHTB 3 KnGBa saxonnBniH 3 co6ok> Ha cnnci 3ojiOTÍ BopoTa. OnoßinamiH npo ôaraTHpn-xjionHHKa Mh-xafijia aöo IßaHa Ta öoro öaTBKa JlaHHJia JIoBHaHHHa icHyc cepen, „CTapHH", ajie b ^ochtb nÍ3HÍx cpopMax. B KOJKHOMy pa3i MaGMo b nÍ3HÍx nncaHHX Ta ycHHX nepeKa3ax HaTHKH Ha cTapnö Khibcbkhh Ta rajiHi^bkhh enoc. nip p. 1151 b jiiTonnci 3HaxoHHMo 3ranKy npo hbí moithjih, mo Ton,i 3BajiHCH „riepeneTOBi", a me ö n,oci MaiOTB Ha3BH — Ilepen'HT Ta Ilepen'HTHxa. CynacHa HaM jiereHn,a onoBÍn,aG npo tc, hk khh3b Ilepen'ht BipifinioB 3 n,OMy 3 bíhcbkom, hk khhfhhh 3a KÍJiBKa pokíb nonajia noro niyKaTH, ajie, 3ycTpiBniH, He nÍ3Hajia Ta 3aÓHjia, a no tím 3aÔHJia h ce6e. I TyT (hk i b po3n,ijii I. 2K) TaKOJK MOjKHä roBopHTH npo icHy-BaHHH TBopiB eni^Horo xapaKTepy Í3 3ranaHHMH TeMaMH b>Ke 12-13 ct., ajie HKa 6yjia "ix dpopMa BCxaHOBHTH HeMoncjiHBo. HaBÍTB ,,Cjiobo o nojiKy IropeBi", 12 ct., Ha HiajiB, He MOJKe HaM mnoro CKa3ara npo cpopMy íhuihx eniHHHX TBopiB, 60 THnoßicTB „CjiOBa" He uíjikom neBHa. E. Cjiobo o nojiKy Iropeßi 1. „Cjiobo o nojiKy Iropeßi" — enHHa naM'HTKa Hanioi* CTapoi JiiTepaTypn, ßinpMa ninpuiHM KOJiaM HHTaniB. Ajie hh nonyjinprncTB cnojiyneHa 3 híjihm KOMnjieKCOM noMHJiKOBHX BmoMocTeä npo Jii-TepaTypHHH xapaKTep Ta 3HaneHHH ničí naM'flTKH. Ilepnia 3arajiBHo-posnoBdOflHceHa noMHJiKa, mo „Cjiobo" Mac HKecB bhhhtkobc CTa-HOBHin,e cepen, naM'htok CTapoi JiiTepaTypn, hkí híôhto 3míctom Ta CTHJieM yci Bin, „Cjioßa" hájikom BÍn,pÍ3HHK>TBCH. B jejíhchoctí „Cjiobo" miJiBHo 3B'H3aHe 3 cynacHoio ňoMy Ta nonepenHBoio jiiTepaTypoio. /Ipyra noMHjiKä, — mo „Cjiobo" g TnnoBHM 3pa3K0M ycHoí, BTpa-HeHo'i eniHHoľ jiiTepaTypn. B híôchoctí Ha nin,CTaBÍ „CjioBa" MOHCHa BHCJiOBHTH jinnie HeneBHi ran,Kn npo (popMy cTaporo enocy. Opnri-HajiBHÍCTB „CjiOBa" — nepeBaHíHo, b Soro HansBH^aHHin noeTHHHin 181 bhcotí, ajie caMe n,a noeraaHa hkíctb „CaoBa" He ao3Boaae poÖHra 6ynb-HKHx bhchobkíb npo íhhií BTpaneHi TBopn, mo kojih TaKoi bh-coth He npcaraaH, to h He moivih HaOJinacaTHca no „CaoBa" noe- THMHOK) (pOpMOHD. „CaoBo" 3'aBHaoca b HayKOBOMy Ta noeraaHOMy oöiry Hanpn-kíhuí 18 b., Koan Soro 3HaňneHo b onHOMy 3ÖipHHKy, mo cKJianaBca nepeBaaíHo 3 TBopiB „CBÍTCbKoro" rany (m. íh., 6yB y HBOMy bmí-ineHHH i poMaH npo ,HiťeHÍca). Ha macTa, „Cjiobo" BiflnncaHo Ta BHnpyKOBaHO. „Ha macTa", 60 3ÖipHHK n,eö 3ropiB nin, nac mockob-CbKo'i noaceaci 1812 p. Po3MÍpHO ni3HÍH Biflnnc, b anoMy 3HaöneHo „Cjiobo" (He CTapiine 16 ct.), Ta ine ne nyace noôpe BMÍHHa BHnaB-ijíb HHTaTH cTapi tckcth, npHBean no Toro, inp ôaraTo Mient y „CaoBÍ" 3aanniHaoca HeacHHMH. He 3BaacaioaH Ha Te, mo pyKonnc yTpaaeHo, cyMHiBÍB y TOMy, inp naM'aTKa He ninpoôaeHa, cTaBaao 3 MacoM Bce MeHuie, i HHcaeHHi napaaeai no He3po3yMÍaHx rjisi nep-niHX BHflaBniB míchb, i MOBa „CaoBa", mo BinnoBÍnae bcím cynacHHM HayKOBHM yaBaeHHHM npo CTapopycbKy MOBy (aae 3obcím He Bifl-noBinaaa 3HaHHHM Ta yaBaeHHaM npo mo MOBy nepniHX BHnaBnÍB kíhhh 18- noaaTKy 19-ro ct.), i HaKynaeHHii y „CaoBÍ" íctophhhhh MaTepiaa, i UHTara 3 „CaoBa" b CTapiß aiTepaTypi, i HacainyBaHHH Soro (MocKOBCBKa ,,3anoHinHHa" 14-15 ct.) —- Bce n,e noTBepacnyc, mo „CaoBo" ne opHľmaabHa naM'aTKa 12 ct. CyMHÍBH b opHrmaaB-HOCTH „CaoBa", BHcaoBaem b ocTaHHi aacn, He BHTpnMyioTb Kpn- THKH. 2. 3míct noraanHo HeßeaHKOi naM'aTKH BiflOMHÖ. U,e — HeB-naaa BnnpaBa khh3Íb Iropa HoBropon-CißepcbKoro Ta ňoro 6paxa BceBoaona npora nonoBn,ÍB. nicaa nepBicHoi nepeMorn bíhcbko khh-3Íb yaarao HaracKOBi HHcaeHHHX noaoBeirtKHx cna. Irop onHHHBca b noaoBen;bKOMy noaoHi, 3 HKoro btík 3a nonoMoroio onnoro no-aoBD;a. 3a piK noBepHyBca 3 noaoHy fioro chh, mo onpyJKHBca thm nacoM 3 noHBKOK) noaoBen&Koro KHa3a KoHaaKa. Aae onoßiflaHHa npo ni noflií 3obcím He BHHepnyc 3Miciy „CaoBa". Hicaa onncy IropeBoi nopa3KH, aBTop BCTaBHB ,,3oaoTe caoBo" KHiBCBKoro khh3h CßaTocaaBa no mnrax khh3Íb, cnorann npo pÍ3HÍ naß1"111! íctophhhí nonii Ta „naan" IropeBoi npy>khhh HpocaaBHH. Ta h caMe onoBi-naHHH mopa3y nepepHBacTbca íctophhhhmh ra aiTepaTypHHMH pe- MÍHÍCIi;eHmHMH. OTace, 3MÍCT TBopy Han3BHHaÖHo CKaanHHÖ. KoMno3Hnia TBopy hk ninoro npo3opa. nicaa KopoTKoro 3a-cniBy, ne aBTop BHcaoBaioG cbog ôaacaHHH „cniBara" 3rinHo 3 niííc-híctio, a He b cthjií BoaHOBOMy, noHHHaeTtca onoBinaHHH npo noxifl Ta Soro HemacaHBHH KiHenB. .Hpyra nacraHa nepeHOCHTB Hac y „30-aoTOBepxHH" TepeM khh3h CßHTocnaBa b Khgbí, onoBinac npo noro cMyTHHH coH Ta He MeHni cMyray 3BÍCTKy npo IropeBy nopa3Ky Ta 182 BKJianae b ycTa CßiiTOCJiaBa ,,3oJiOTe cjiobo" no khh3Íb, mo bíh ix 3aKJiHKae no cniJiLHoro BHCTyny npoTZ nojioBniß. Kmenb ,,3oJioToro cjiOBa" (HaBMHCHe?) HeacHHH, 3aMicTb CBHTocjiaBa noHHHae tobo-pHTH caM aBTop Ta nopHHae b 3ranKH npo MHHyjie. TpeTa nacTHHa — ,,njia*r" HpocjiaBHH. OcTaHHH nacTHHa onncye BTeny Iropa 3 no-jiOBentKoro noJioHy. KijibKa ocTaHHix paflKÍB — KiHUÍBKa — ,,cjia- Ba" khh3hm Ta BOHKaM. KojiH 6íji&iuí nacTHHH noöpe BinMeacoBam onna Bin oflHoi, He MOJKHa HBoro cKa3aTH npo ôyflOBy oKpeMHx nacTHH. Jlnuie ,,njian" HpocjiaBHH po3nanaGTbCH Ha aoTHpn „CTpocbn", 3 hkhx xpn oc-TaHHi no^HHaiOTBCH thmh caMHMH caoBaMH: „HpocJiaBHa paHo njia-ne". Ajie ÔynoBa 1, 4, a 30Kpeina 2-oi nacTHHH nonacTH Han3BHHaiiHO 3anjiyTaHa. Abtop hí6h HaBMHCHo 3aTeMHioe ôynoBy TBopy, — npo coHHume 3axeMHeHHH bíh 3ranyc HBiai, na ny>Ke BajKJiHBi MOMeHTH jiňme HaTHKae: Hanp., Oßjiyp (3a jiiTonncoM JIaBop), noaoBeiib, mp nonoMir IropeBi btckth, 3'aBnaeTbCH 6e3 ycHKo'i ninroTOBH; HeacHO, ne roBopHTb aBTop caM, a ne híhobí ocoöh, — mo no „3ojioTOMy cjiosy" CßHTocjiaBa noHHHae tobophth aBTop, Moama 3noranyBa-THca jiHine 3 3BepHeHHH no khh3Íb ,,rocnoflHHe", HKe 6yjio mojkjih-bhm TijibKH b ycTax ninJierjioro; ToronacHa híhchíctb cnaiTacTbca 3 3raflKaMH npo MHHyjie. B pi3HHX Micnax — jiixepaTypm 3ayBarn: xapaKTepncTHKa BoaHOBoro cthjiio, HHTaTH 3 BoaHa, cnpo6a nncaTH b Soro CTHJii, mocb hí6h cnpoôa naponü. y aBTopa, hkhh TaK npo-3opo CKOMnoHyBaB „njian ÍIpocjiaBHH", MoaceMo BBaacaTH rjio ckom- njlÍKOBaHÍCTb KOMn03HU,Íl 3a HaBMHCHy. KijIbKa nOCJlinHHKÍB BHCJIOBJIIOBajIO flyMKy, iho HeHCHÍCTb kom- no3HnÍi nocTajia aepe3 h6bmíhhh nepenncyBaniß, mo nepenjiyTajiH oKpeMi peneHHH a6o cTopiHKH cTapiinoro pyKonncy. Ajie nepecTaß-jieHHa npH aHajiÍ3i BHHBjíHiOTbca HenoTpiÔHHMH. Hanp., 3aTeMHeHHa coHii;a, mo BiflÖyaoca Bace nin ^ac noxony, b „Cjiobí" nociaBjíeHe nepen noxonoM. He Moace 6yxH 3B'a3aHe 3 Tpannnieio repoinHoro enocy, b HKOMy noxMypHH toh aacTo ôphhhtb 3 caMoro nonaTKy („Ijiiana", ,,Hi6ejnoHťH"); no Toro uefi 3jiobíchhh 3HaK He 3ynHHHB KHH3a Bin BHnpaBH, mo ninKpecjiroe íioro pimynicTb Ta cmíjihbíctb. "TaK caMo ctoítb cnpaBa i 3 íhuihmh nponoHOBaHHMH nepecTaßjieH- HHMH. 3. CKjiannocTi KOMno3Hiíi'i „CjioBa" BinnoBinaG h Han3BHaaHHa CKJiannicTb fioro cTHJiicTHaHHX 3aco6ÍB. Boho nepenoBHeHe BHTOHae-HHMH noeTHMHHMH (pirypaMH; Maöace HeMae cjioBa, aKe 6 He Majio HKoroct 3HaHeHHa, He Hecjio 6 aKoict (pyHKnii b noeTHHHin öynoßi TBopy. Moace HafixapaKTepHCTHnminoK) pncoio cthjiio g CKJianHHfi chmb0jií3m „CaoBa". nopyn onoßinaHB npo peajitHHH xin no-niä, 3ycTpiqaGM0 n,iai BinTHHKH, mo po3noBinaioTb npo nonü Jinnie 183 b CHMBOJiax. TaK HaBiTb npo nopa3Ky roBopHTbca Jinuie: ,,BnajiH npanopH IropeBi... Tyx He BHCTaHHJio KpHBaBoro BiiHa, TyT cMijiHBi pycHHi saKiH^HJiH nap: CBariB nonoi'jiH, a caMi nojiarjiH 3a 3eMjno PycbKy. HHKHe TpaBa Bia acanoSn, a aepeBo 3 Tyroio no 3eMjii npn-xhjihjioch". — Boapn onoBiaaiOTb CBaTocaaBOBi npo BBeet noxin.: „J];Ba coKoan 3aeTian 3 6aTi.KiBCi.Koro 3oaoToro npecToay noniy-KaTH MicTa TMyTopoKaHa a6o HanHraca nioaoMOM JXony. Bace 060M coKoaaM Kpnatrxa noo6pi3yBaHo uia6aaMH norannx, a caMHx 3aKy-jih b 3aai3Hi KanaaHH. IIoTeMHiao Ha TperiH neuh, o6naBa cohuh npHMepKan, o6HflBa KapMasHHOBi cTOBnn 3racjiH. Ha pinrii Kaaai TtMa 3aKpnaa CBiTao . . . yace B3aaa ropy anxa caaBa Haa ao6poio, Bace Baapnao anxo Ha bojik>, Bace KHHyBca J-Jhb Ha 3eMaK>". TyT yce CHMBoan: KpoB ~ ,,KpHBaBe bhho", 6nTBa = „nHp", KHH3i = „coHna" a6o ,,KapMa3HH0Bi CTOBnn", nopa3Ka — 3aTeMHeHHa. TyT He nopiBHaHHa, a cHMBoaimie 3o6paaceHHa, b aKOMy peni 30BciM He Ha3BaHo i'x BaacHHMH iMeHaMH. Tarn Micn,a npoxoaaTb nepe3 ,,Cao-bo" aoBrnM nieperoM Bia nonaTKy aat ao Kmna. yacHTOK CHMBoaiB Haraaye nonacTH TexHmy CKaHaiHaBCbKoi noe3ii (kenningar — aHB. M(IIoicTopHHHa 306a", B. 4). Hanp., ,,MOJioai Micani" = Moaoai KHa3i, ,,ciaJio KomeeBe" (pa6cbKe) = noaoH, i t. 3. 3BHHaHHHx nopiBHHHb po3MipHo He6araTO. /JificHicTE. Mafiace maKOM 3HHKac aaa Hac nia cepnaHKOM chmbojihch. KHa3t BcecaaB „CKane aiOTHM 3BipeM" a6o „bobkom" (TyT aBTopoBi aonoMorae no-aBifiHe 3HaneHHa opyaHoro BiaMiHKy — ,,m6H bobk" Ta „hk 3ifie-hhh bobk") a6o Irop ,,cKonHB ropHOCTaGM y komhih, 6iaHM roroaeM Ha Boay • • • ", ,,3 kohh ckomhb 6ochm (a6o cipHM) bobkom ... i no-aeTiB coKoaoM nia TyMaHaMH... ". — BHTBa, 3o6paaceHa hk „nHp", e TaKoac ,,nociB" a6o „acHHBa": ,,HopHa 3eMaa nia KonHTaMH Kidb-mh 6yaa 3aeiaHa, kpob'k) noaHTa, cyMOM 3ifiniaa no PycbKin 3eMjii", ,,HeMHrH KpHBaBi 6epern He ao6poM 6yan 3aciam, 3aciaHi 6yan KicTbMH pycbKHx chhIb", „Ha HeMH31, flK CHonn, CTeaaTb roaoBH, MoaoTaTb n;inaMH xapaayacHHMH (cTaaeBHMn), na Ton,i atHTTa KJia-ayTb, BiioTb ayniy Bia Tiaa". Ihuikm cnoco6oM cHMBoainHoro 3o6paaceHHH g 3aBeaeHHa ao TBopy „3HaKiB" — cmB, nepe3nyBaHb, 3JioBicHHx BimyBaHb Mafi6yT-Hboro, — TaKHM g coh CBHTocaaBa, b HKOMy aBTop onepyc po3noB- CIOaHCeHHMH 3a0BiCHHMH COHBHaaMH - „H0pHOK) KOBapOK)" (nopHa 6apBa — 3aa o3HaKa), ,,cnmM bhhom, 3 ropeM MimaHHM" — (Myrae bhho — 3aa 03HaKa), ,,nepjiaMH" — nepeao3HaKa cai3, kphkom rafi-BopomB, caHaMH (cHMBoa cMepra — 3HB. ,,/lioicTopHHHa ao6a" B. 2 Ta I. JX. 4), y cm 3 ,,3oaoTOBepxoro Tepeiviy" KHH3a naaac aoay BepmoK aaxy (03HaKa cMepra). TaKHM BimyBaHHHM e i coHamHe saTeMHeHHa. Ta B3araai bch npnpoaa, bch aincmcTb pearye Ha 18Jf JKHTTH repo'ÍB „CjioBa": ,,Ha flpyrno fleHb nynce paHo KpnBaBa 3ar-paBa cnoBimac npo coHne. Hopm xMapn 3 Mopa üflyxb, xonyxb 3a- KpHXH HOTHpH COHU.H, a B HHX ipeMXHTb CHHÍ ÖJIHCKaBKH . . . 3eMJIH CTorae, piKH MyTHo TeHyn», nopoxoM nojia npHnajiH. .. "; a6o: „He He floôpe 3 pepeBa jihcth onajio", „miKHe TpaBa Bifl HcajioÖH..." (flHB. BHIIie). MncjieHHi o6pa3H „CjioBa" 3aB>KflH e CHMBOjiaMH, fle 6 mh ix He 3ycTpijiH. HanpHKJiafl, HHCJieHHi mnui, npo hkhx yBecb nac 3ra-Hye cnißenb, mp, MaÖyTb, 6yB MeniKaHneM jiicocTenoBoii cMyrn, 3 n nOBHHMH KpHJIäTHX TBapHH raHMH Ta pHKaMH, 03HaHaK)Tb '. „COJIO- Beö" — Bohh cniBenb a6o paflicHHn bíchhk paHKy; 3jiobíchí „nopm raíiBopoHH" — nepeflßicHHKH HeinacxH, chmboji „noraHHX nojiOB-h,íb"; repoiHHi cokojih xa KpenexH — chmbojih „xopoßpnx pycnniB", 3aBJKflH roxoBHX po 6010 — „nxHip. 6hth"; opeji — BejiHHHa nxHnn, chmboji noexHHHoro HaflXHeHHH aôo bíchhk nepeMorn, mo KJinne 3BÍpÍB „Ha kocxí nojioBenbKi" ... TaK caMo CHMBOJiiHHe 3HaneHHH Maioxb i 3BÍpi, i coHne, i míchul, xyMaH, i BenipHH xa pamniHH 3arpaBa... ,ZUhchícxi> MaÖHce uíjikom po3njiHBaexbCH b CKJianHin xKaHHHi no-exH^HHx o6pa3ÍB „CjioBa": cBoepinmcxb „CjioBa" caMe b xoMy h nojin-rac, mo oÔHflBi njioiUHHH, b hkhx mh cnpHHMacMo ňoro noexHHHHH bh-Kjiafl — fliöcHicxb xa noexHHHHÖ 3HaK niei aíhchocxh, oôpasoxBopne cjiOBO, — oflHaKOBO MoryxHto npoMOBjíHiOTb np Hac. Hnxana oflHaKOBO BpaHcaioxb i niäcmcTb, npo HKy roBopHTb äBTop, i xe, hk bíh npo Heí roBopHTb. I peajibHicxb i 11 noeTH^raHÍi: 3HaK OflHaKOBO BnjiHBaioxi. Ha Hboro. JXh Bara cpopMH me nocHJiiOGXbCH ÔaraxcxBOM íhihhx noe- XHHHHX 3aC06ÍB „CjlOBa". ITopyH CHMBOJIÍKH CXOHTb HHCJieHHÍ rinepSojiH, nip nepeHOCHTb HHxana b HKycb Ka3KOBy, HaniBípaHxac-XHHHy fliHCHlCTb, THM caMHM 3arocxpioiOHH noro 3Íp flO peajIBHOCTH. KHH3b CßHxocjiaB, nepeMonceub y 6opoxb6i 3 nojioBijHMH, — ne He jnoflHHa, a KOCMÍHHa cxHxiÖHa cnjia, bíh „HaexynHB Ha 3eMjiio nojio-BenbKy, npnxonxaB MorHJiH Ta npyrn, 3aMyxHB piKH xa 03epa, bh-cyniHB noxoKH xa ôojiOTa, a noraHoro Koö'HKa 3 JiyKOMOp'a Bifl 3a- JIÍ3HHX B6JIHKHX nOJIKÍB nOJIOBeUbKHX, hk BHXOp, BHpBaB, i BnaB Koö'hk y míctí Khgbí, b rpHflHHU,i CBHXocjiaBOBiíí". A60 ÍTpocjiaB OCMOMHCJI raJIHUbKHO: „BhCOKO CHflHUI Ha CBOGMy 30JIOXOKOBaHOMy npecxojii, niflnep ropn YropcbKi cbo'ímh 3ajiÍ3HHMH nojraaMH, 3acTy-iiHB Kopojießi nijiHX, 3axBopHB JlyHaGBi BopoTa, Menení xarapi 3a XMapH, cyflH HapHflJKyem flo .Hy-Haa" i x. fl. PiopHK xa AaBHfl Poc-XHCJiaBHH „y 30JI0XHX niojioMax no KpoBi njiaBajín". KypaHH Bce-Bojiofla „nifl xpyÖaMH noBHxi, nifl. mojioMaMn BHraieKam, KiHnpM cnnca B3KopMJieHÍ, uijihxh im bí^omí, apyrn im 3HäHÍ, jiyKH b hhx 185 HaTsrHeHi, carafinaKH OTBopem, inaôjii HarocTpeHi, caMi CKanyTb, HK CÍpi BOBKH B IlOJli, HiyKaiOnH COÔi neCTH, a KHH3eBÍ CJiaBH". A6o- KHÄ3b BceBOjion, Cy3nani>cbKHH (HaBonacy n,e Micne b nepeKaanj. — b cthjií nyM — IlaHaca MnpHoro): 00 BejIHKHH KHH3K), BceBonone! npópHH po3yM Maô — 3 naaeKoro Kpaio npHJiiTaž, 30JIOTHH ÔaTbKÍBCBKHH npeCTOJI OÔOpOHflÔ! OnnH 60 th 3MOJKem BecjiaMH Bojiry po3KponHTH, a IHOJIOMaMH BejIHKHH J\oh p03JIHTH. ČIk6h to th 6yB Ha ceä nac, 6paTe, — MOHCHa 6 6yjio HeBiabHHKa no HoraTi KynyBaTn, nejiHpHHKa no pÍ3am npoaaBaTH, 3yMÍB 6h th, ÔpaTe, 3aB3aTHx raióeHKÍB no cyxonpay [caMocTpijiaMH nycKara ... 4. Ty caMy cpyHKniio 3aMÍHH ríhchocth noeTHHHHM o6pa30M~ BHKOHyiOTL. i ,,MÍTOJiorÍHHÍ" o6pa3n „CaoBa". B „Cjiobí" Bace He~ Mononpi xpHCTHaHCbKoi npôn hhbhhm hhhom 3ycTpinaGMo noraH-cbkhx 6orÍB, JS,o 3arajitHHx 3aK0HÍB enocy HaaeacHTb yjKHTOK míto-jiorinHHX npHKpac: aHTHHHi 6orn apatHan b enoci po aacy KaacH-n,H3My, noôoJKHi xpncTHHHH 3aMÍHK)BaaH iHoni „noraHCbKy" míto- JIOriK) XpHCTHHHCbKOIO, a pOMaHTHKH 3 neBHOK) HexÍTTK) 30 aHTHH- hocth noBHranyBajiH, hk He 6yao npôpnx flaiepen (Hanp., y cao-b'hh), BJiacHi HaqioHaabHi MiTOJiorii. HeMae cyMHÍBy, iqo „noraH-clkí" 6orn „CjiOBa" e nnine TaKi npHKpacn. CniBenb Eohh — ,,Be-jieciB OHyic", y HBapax KHH3ÍBCbKHx rHHyjio „Maimo /Jaacôoacoro OHyna", BÍTpn — „GrpHÔoau oHyKH". JJp cTapiuio'í ap6n Benp Hac onoBÍp,aHHH npo KHH3H nojion,bKoro BcecjiaBa (3 11 ct., Moace nepe-Ka3aHe 3a Bohhom) HKoro 3o6paaíeHo, an napiBHHKa-BOBKyaaKy: „KHa3b BcecaaB aioan cynHB, khh3hm MicTa HapaflaíaB, a caM bhohí bobkom ôiraB, 3 KnGBa npôiraB np niBHÍB np TMyTopoKam, BeaHKOMy XopcoBi bobkom maax nepeôiraB". BcecaaB i b aiTonnci Han,iaeHHií pncaMH napiBHHKa. Xopc, MaóyTb, — coHne. ľlopyH ,,6orÍB" g h íhuií nocTaTi — „Zíisa Oônna", mp „BCTaaa b cnaax JJaacôoaíoro OHyKa, BCTynnaa niBoio Ha 3eMaio TpoaHOBy, 3anaecKaaa aeôenHHHMH KpnaaMH no cHHboMy Mopi Koao ,3pHy, naeiirynn nporaaaa (cnoaoxHyaa) pacHi nacn". Koan Irop 3 bíôcijKom 3a'ixaB np CTeny, „híh CTorae SoMy rpo3oio, nrai^i npo- KHHyjIHCb, CBHCT 3BÍpHHHH 3HHHHBCH, 3ÔHBCH JjHB, KJIHne 3 Bepxy nepeBa, BeanTb nocayxaTH 3eMai He3HaH0MÍä... ľlo nopa3ni Iro-peBiô — „ywíe KHHyBca JXkb Ha 3eMaio". 186 Haäöijibin 3araa,K0BHM e „TpoaH" — 3ycTpmeMo „Tpony Tpoa-HOBy" (TpoHHiB nijiHx), 3eMjiK) TpoflHOBy (pyctKy? mh „JiyKOMOp'H" Kojio TMyTopoKani?), „cbOMHÖ bík. Tpohhíb" (kojih hchb kh. BcecjiaB, mo BMep 1101 p.) ra MHHyjii „bíkh TpoaHOBi". Hinoro neBHoro npo iiboro TpoHHa cKa3aTH apci He MoaceMo. Jlernia cnpaßa 3 noraHCbKH-MH SoraMH. Ix 3ranyBaH0 i b TBopax xphcthhhcbkhx aßTopiß, Ha 3axoni, y BÍ3aHTi'i i b Hac„ Hanp., m,e b CTapnx „HeTbax MiHeax" (t. 3B. „CynpacjibCbKOMy pyKonnci"), b ,,Khh3í npeMynpocTH Cojio-MOHOB01" y AMapTojia, MajiajiH i t. n,. Ihohí npo hhx roBopHTbcn, hk npo „neMOHÍB", a nacTO noraHCbKHX öoriß oroaoniyBaan npocxo CTapHMH KHH3HMH, BHHaxiflIIflMH, HaBÍTb p030ÍHHHKaMH, IHO IX Map- HOßipHe jnoncTBo nonajio m3Hinie BBaacaTH sa ,,6oriB". Tane noHC-HeHHH (t. 3b. „eBreMepH3M") Hanjimme HaaaBaaocH nan öopoTbÖH 3 peuiTKaMH noraHCTBa, mít npo öoriß" CTaBaB aeťeHapio npo CTa-poBHHHHX aioneH. I b „Cjiobí" 3ranaHo Bejieca, MaöyTb, hk nepnioro noeTa-cniBiia, m,o noro ,,OHyKOM" g Bohh, .ZJaacöora hk aKorocb CTapoBHHHoro KHH3H, mo noro „OHyKaMH" g cynacm KHH3Í; i Xopc, npo HKoro poMaHTHHHa MiTOJioria noMycb 6yaa neBHa, mo bíh öor coHUH (b cTapiuiifi aiiepaxypi äoro 3ranyeTbCH 6e3 öanacnoi xapaK-TepncTHKH), MaöyTb, TaK caMo 3poÖHBca aeťeHaapHOK), aae Bace He MÍToaoriHHOK) (pirypoio. Jlnme 3 OpnöoroM cnpaßa cKJianHÜna, 60 öaTbKo bítpíb — nocTaTt neBHo MiToaoriHHa. Aae hh yaßaaan iioro me ,,6oroM", hh Bace TaKoio caMOio (paHTacTHHHOio nocTarno, hk „J_IiBy Oönny" (BopoacHeny), /JnBa? Bei bohh — rapHi noeranm oöpa3H, mo 6e3yMOBHo BHpocan 3 aKHxocb naBHiniHx nocTaTeä „HHacHoi MiToaorii'". ,,MÍToaoria" „Caoßa" — anine rapHa noeranHa npHKpaca, mo HaaeacHTb 30 Toro caMoro noeTH^Horo cepnaHKy, HKHM aBTop TaK yMiao onoBHBaG Bce MHHyae ň cynacHe. 5. MoBa „CaoBa" Han.3BHHaHH0 Mnao3BynHa, aBTop 3niÖHHH 3 HeÖMOBipHHM yMiHHHM 3 ycHKoro cnoayneHHH caiß BHnpöyTH My-3hhhí, 3ByKOßi e(peKTH. Hj. e(peKTH — aaiTepan.il Ta pi3Hi íhhií cniB-iBynnn. AjiiTepaiiii cnoaynaioTb HeßeaHKi rpynn cais b neBHy cniB-iByHHy niaiCTb: „ce strpn Ctphöohch BHynii", „nopoen noaa npn-KpbiBaiOT-b", „yace 60 Cyaa He TeneTb cpeöpeHHMir cTpyaMH", „Ta ipenH nr»CHb noaine", „KHa3H caMH Ha ceöe KpaMoay KOBaxy", „ce jih cTBopHTe Moefi cpeöpeHeö cbakh-b", „cTOHTb cth3h", „nmHMH ryabi noraHbucb Ta^KOBHHt", „pniiia bt> Tpony TpoHHio", „Bfnpe bíit-pnao", „Moaonaa M^cana", i t. 3. — iHoai MaGMo öiabini KOMnaeK-;h, nepe3 hkí npoxoaHTb aaiTepama Ta íhhií cniB3ByHHa: „KaMO Typ-b nocKOHHine cbohm-b 3aaTbiMb niejioMOMij nocBinnBaH, TaMO aeacaTb noranbin roaoBbi IIoaoBeii,KbiH, nocKenaHbi caöaaMH..." — aöo: „Ob 3apaHia B"b iihtoktj noTonTama noraHbiH iurtKH IIonoBeu,- 187 KbiH h paccyiHHCB cTp"BJiaMH no nojiio, noM^aiua KpacHBia ht.bkm IIOJIOBeiíKBIfl, a C HHMH 3JiaTO H naBOJIOKbl ..." TOmo. TaK caMo cnÍB3Bymfl npoxonHTb moni nepe3 KopoTuran Bin.ra-HOK TeKCTy — „oôa ecßt. CBHTBcaaBaHHa!" „Tyroio hmi Ty jih 3ane", „Ojien, H CBHTtCJiaBt tbmok) CH nOBOJIOKOCTa", „CßHT'BCJiaB'b H3po- HH sjiaTo cjiOBO cjie3aMH cRTBiiieHo", (,,c" Ta „3" b cnoJiy^eHHi 3 „a" Ta „b"), „JieTHTb cTpijEbi KajieHBia, rpHMjiioTB caôjra o niejio-mbi, Tpen^aTb Konia xapaayacHBia" („p" Ta ,,ji"), „enHHij ace H3po-HH HceMHiojKHy nymy hstj xpaöpa xijia npecB 3aaT0 oacepeaie" („ac" Ta „3"). Ha ,,a" 3Ôyn,oBaHO „naan HpocaaBHn". Ihohí niai pe-hghhh 36ynoBaHi Ha tíh caMiá roJiocÍBn,i: ,,B nojrfe OjiroBo xopo6-poe rHT>3np,. . He öbijio oho oOHfffc nopoacneHo . . . ", „pfcKa CTyrna, xyny CTpyío hmt>h, noacBpnra nyacH py^bn h CTpyrti npocTpe Ha KycTy, yHOiny khh3h> PocracaaBy 3aTBopn Ha JJirfbnpb" („y" Ta „10"). Tani cniBSBy^mh He BHnanKOBi, Mafiace HeMae mícu,h, ne mh He 3Ha-xoflHjiH 6 aaiTepanií a6o íhihhx cnÍB3ByM. Hadi noBTopeHHH thx caMHX cKaaaiB aöo nyace noniÔHnx cKJia-HÍb b ToMy caMOMy cjiobí a6o b hbox cycinmx: „BceBOJioa.'b, oninrb", ,,ecBT> CBHTbcaaBjíHMH", ,,3a 3eMjno", „TeMHo 60 64", ,,o6a ôarpaHaa CTa^na noracocTa", ,,cb HHMa Moaonaa", ,,Ha KpoBara thcobV, „He mhcjiíio th npejieT^TH", ,,o6t,chch chht> MbrjiT.", „cTpaHbi pajni, rpa^ji Becean", „MbpnoHH", ,,jiejitio^H" i t. r. Ihohí 3naGTBCH, mo caM BHÔip cjiíb 3yMOBaeHHÖ cnÍB3ByH:aHM: „no jio3Ík> noji30ina", „po3-niHÖe cJiaBy HpocjiaBy", a6o — „ropanioio cboio Jiyino... acaacaeio hm b JiyuH cbnpHHce", „no yHoiira khh3h PocTncaaB-b: ymmia ubt.-Tbi" (b ÍHinoMy mícitj. b tíh caMiň (popMyai 6yao „hh^htb TpaBa"), „na JioHo ... Ha ôojiohh", „CTyrHa ... n npeBo ch Tyroio icb 3eMJin np-BKaoHHao". 3ycTpinaGMo i Tnnoßi naa cy^acHo'i HaponHoi noe3ÍI noBTopeHHH KopeHH caoBa: „TpyÔBi TpyÖHTB" {2 pa3n), „cbítb cbt.t-jibih", „moctbi mocthth", „hh Mbicaiio CMBícanra", „hh nyMoio cny-MaTH", „nŤ>Bnie irßCHb", „itbchb noHine". Piano i annie BHnanKOBO 3HaxonnMo TyT cniB3By^HH Toro rany, mo 3anaHyBaB b nÍ3HÍmÍH noe3ii -— phmh, Hanp. — BcecjiaB'b KHH3b jno^eMij cynaine, KHH3eMTj rpanbi panHine ... Torna no pyccKoä 3eMan P pT>TKo paTaeBT> KHKaxyTb, P-P m? ^lacTO BpaHH rpanxyTb, r Tpynia ceSfe nfeaane c a raaHn,H cbok> pfenb tobo- [paxyTb... r-c-p-r 188 KOTopbiH aoTenaiiie, Ta npenn níícHb nojmie: CTapoMy ÍIpocjiaBy, xpaöpoMy McTHCJiaBy Ty ch Konieivľb npHJiaMaTH, Ty CH CaÔJIHMTj noTpyHHTH ... AjirrepaniH 3BHnaÖHo po3BHBaeTt>cH b thx MOBax, ne Heaiae piiMH i HasnaKH. Jlnine b ocTaHHG ctojiítth nnyHHO cnojiyHHjiHCH rqi o6h-flßi (popMH cnÍB3Bynnn. 3aTe MOBa „CjioBa" chjibho pHTMÍ30BaHa. AßTop npcaras nboro nonacTH napajiejii3MOM 3 noßTopeHHHM cjiíb aöo 3ByKÍB, nonacTH 6e3 noBTopeHB — nepe3 napajiejiÍ3M y 6yn,oBi peneHb. HTO MH UiyMHTb, HTO MH 3BeHHTb? yjKe cHececH xyjia Ha XBajiy, y)Ke TpecHy Hyaena Ha bojiio, yme BptHiecH J\viwh, Ha 3eMJiio. HH MblCJIHK) CMbICJIHTH, HH ayMOK) CflyMaTH, HH onHMa cbrjiH^aTH ... 3acTynHBT> KopojießH nyTb, saTBopHBt Aynaio BopoTa ... A60 6e3 noBTopeHB cjiíb: HacTynH Ha 3eMJiio IIojioBen,KyK), npHTonTa xjtbmh h npyrti, B3MyiH pT,Kbi h 03epa, HCCyUIH nOTOKLl H ÖOJIOTa ... Torna, BpaHH He rpaaxyxt, rajiHUH noMJľbKouia, copoKbi He TpocKOTauia, no JI03ÍK) noji3oma tojiko, flHTjiOBe TeKTOMTs nyTb kt> ptirk KancyTb, COJIOBÍH BeCejIbIMH nT»CHbMH CBT>Tb nOBŤ>n,aiOTb . . . Jlnuie HenncjieHHi mícuh pnTMÍ30BaHÍ Ha npoTH3i kíjibkox peneHbi a MOH TH KypHHe CB"BflOMH KTiMeTH '. non.'b TpyöaMH noBHTH, 189 nOřTb IIieJIOMtl B"b3JieJlŤ.flHH, KOHeiľb KOnÍÄ BtCKptMJieHH, nyTH HMb BT>n.OMH, apyrn hmb 3HaeMH, ayira y hhxt> nanpaaceHH, TyjIH OTBOpeHH, CaÖJIH HStOCTpeHH .,. Bace too (paícT, mo mh no3HaxonHaH phtm anine b OKpeMHx Micn,ax „CaoBa" noKa3ye, mo aenße hh MoacHa roBopHTH npo „CaoBo" hk npo „Bipini". CnpaBni, yci cnpoßn 3Hairra b „CaoBi" xoa 6h peniT-kh aKoicb BipniOBoI phtmíkh He BnaaHCH. Aae BaacKo cyMHiBaTHca b TOMy, inp aBTop caM yBaacaB cbíh TBip 3a „nicHio": aae ne Moraa 6yTH nicHa rany peHHTaTHßy 3 My3HHHHM cynpoßonoM. 6. mono mobh, to BOHa BÍn.pÍ3HaeTbca Bin, 3araat.Horo xapaK-Tepy MOBH HaniHX cTapnx naM'aTOK, HaBÍTb Bin, mobh aiTonnciB no-míthhm nocaaßaeHHaM nepKOBHocaoß'aHCbKHx eaeMeHTiß. Aae no-nacTH pi3HHH,a mobh „CaoBa" Ta íhuihx naM'aTOK 3aaeacHTb npocTO bíh Toro, mo „CaoBo" nopymye TeMH — KpaeBHnn, 3ran.KH npo TBa-pHHHe acHTTa CTeny Tomo, — mo Ix Maäace He saninaioTt. mini na-M'aTKH. ToMy MOBa „CaoBa" Bpaacae Hac Han,3BHaaHHHM ôaraTCTBOM Bnpa3ÍB. XtocHTL neperaaHyTH b „CaoBi" bcí cjioBecm nepanHH, p03CHnam npn 3ran.Kax npo 3ByKH: roaocn aioneä, TBapnH, Ta 3By-KH npnponn. Abtop caM, BoaH „cnißaiOTb", „noiOTb caaßy CßaTO-caaBy" ^yaco3eMii;i b Khgbí, 3rana.HO i cniBH roTCbKHX niB^aT y Kpn-mí, i cniBH Ha ^ynai („B'ioTbca roaocn aepe3 Mope 30 KncBa"); 3ranye aBTop npo „naaai" — „aceH pyctKHx" (ÍIpocaaBHH, MaTepi KHa3a PocTHcaaBa) ; npo bíhcbkobí „Kanni" — IIoaoBiiii, „aíth 6i-cobí kjihkom noaa neperoponnaH", noaKH HpocaaBa HepmriBCbKoro ,,KaHKOM noaKH nepeMaraiOTb"; MaôyTb, bíhcbkobhh Kann: i „caaBa", mo ,,n.3BeHHTb" nepen, noxonoM; nopaHem „pHKaiOTb, hko Typn", Koao MicTa PHMOBa „Kpn^aTb nin, inaöaaMH noaoBenbKHMH". Po3y-MieTbca, aBTop 30KpeMa 3ran.ye npo rpiOKÍT Ta raMip 6htbh — ,,cyp-MH cypMaaTb", „TpiinaTb cnnen", ,,n3B0HHTb Meai 06 nioaoMH", a6o no nopa3u,i — „cMyTHHMH roaocaMH cypMH cypMaaTb roponeHCbm", „npanopH MOBaaTb" (MaôyTb, rpaioan Ha BÍTpi), „pacyTb kohí" b noxoni, b03h „Kpn^aTb onißHom, aK po3iraaHi aeôeni" („KpnnaTb Teatra noayHoinbi, piíH, aeôenii po3nyaceHn"); nyc aBTop (3naae-Ka), aK „fl3BOHaTb pycbKHM 3ojiotom" ťoTCbKi nÍBaaTa „Ha 6epe3i CHHboro Mopa"; iHoni noHocHTbca 30 Hboro ň 3 By k h MHpHoro hcetth, — bíh 3ran.ye npo ryKaHHa opaniß („paTaeBT. KHxaKyTb") Ta npo „R3BÍH cBHToi Co(pii" no 3ayTpeHÍ. 190 Ajie TaK caMO noBHe rojiocaMH i jkhtth CTeny: rojioBHe 3ycTpi-naGMo Tyi HHCJieHHHx nranb — cojiob'1 „meKO^yTb", raňBopoHH „rpaiOTb" (rpanxyTb), copoKH „TpecKonyTb" (BCTpocKOTaina), rajiKH „roBopaTb" (cboio pŤ>Hb roBopaxyTb), 303yjia „KHHeTb", op- jih „KJieKO^yTB" (KJieKTOIVTB Ha kocth 3BŤjpH 30ByTT>), flHTJIH „TeKG- HyTb" (TeKTOM"b nyTL Kt piiirE Ka>KyTB), jihchití ,,6peniyTB", BOBKH ,,BTsCpOJKaTb'' (MOJKe „BOpOJKaTb" ? - Bifl ,,BOpor"). - JXo OKpeMHX tojiocíb TBapHH npHGflHyGTtca rojioc ycici npnpoflH — ,,hím cTorH© rpo30K>", xa 36yflJKyc nTHHB, 3eMjiH rýne („TyTHeTb") a6o ,,cTy-hhtb", Ha pyctKi nojiKH HacyBaiOTbCH xMapn 3 rpoMOM Ta 6jihc- KaBKaMH ... HaBiTb y cHMBOJiřqHy TKaHHHy CBoro BHKJiafly aBxop „Cuc-Ba"1 BnjíiTaG 3raflKH npo 3ByKH — „JIhb" KJiHHe 3 Bepxy flepeBa, .ZtfBa-OÓHfla njieineTbCH b Mopi jieóeflHHHMH KpnjiaMH, KapHa „Kjnrqe" 3a nojierjiHM IropeBHM bíhcbkom, pycbKa 3eMjiH „CTorHe" no nepasuj. Bifl nonÍH flOHocHTtca 3 flajieHHHH hkhhcb ,,n.3BÍH", HpocjiaB qyc, hk BCTynac b 30JioTe cTpeMeHO b TMyTopoKam HeBroMOHHHH Ojier „ropncjiaBHH"; cnoraflH npo MHHyjie Teac hí6h asbíh, m,o flo- HOCHTbCH 3 HKOÍCb HeBÍflOMOl KpaÍHH'. repOl „CjIOBa" „fl3B0HHTb b npaflifliBCbKy cjiaBy", flojíiTaiOTb (b'iOTbCH nepe3 Mope) flo KneBa. rojiocH 3 JtyHaio. Bce SpHHHTb — HaBiTb „cnncH cniBaioib" (Konia noioTb). I aBTop nnTac ce6e: „mto mh myMHTb, hto mh 3BeHHTb flaBe^h paHo npeflT= 3opHMH?" — ne nopa3Ka IropeBa! Be3 cyMHÍBy, HHMajio ajrirepaniH Ta cnÍB3Byn „CnoBa" MaiOTb nepeflaTH 3ByKOBe BpajKeHHH Bifl hííichocth, hk „TpySn TpyČJiHTb" a(5o nepeflana TonoTy KOHeíi — ,,c 3apaHÍH bi> hhtoktj nOTOnTania noraHbia nji-bKH IIojiOBenKbiH", cnÍB3ByHHH ,,n" — „t" BHce b pHM-cbkhx noeTÍB nepeflaBajio TyniT KOHefi. Ajie 6yne noMHJiKOK* nyMaTH, inp aBTop „CjiOBa" Haflac hkoicb nepeBarn o6pa3aM 3ByKOBHM. TaK caMO pncm b Hboro i pÍ3H0Ma-híthí 6apBH. ,Hy>Ke hhcjichhí bohh cepefl enireriB „CjiOBa". Bci Ma-jiiOHKH „CnoBa" hí6h npoTKaHi SapBHCTHMH niOBKaMH. Jlo HaHyjnoS-jieHiniHX eniTeTÍB Hajie>KHTb ,,30jiothh" : 3ojiotí b khh3íb uiojiomh, CTpeMeHa, npecTOJin, cifljia, cTpijin, TepeM „3JioTOBepxHH"; aepBom -— lira™ pycbKoro BiíicbKa, hk ne 6yjio i b aíhchoctí, npanopn, 6yH- HyKH („HOJIKa"), BapÍHHT „KpHBaBHH" HaflaG 3J10BÍCHOrO BiflTÍHKy onoBiflaHHio, — KpHBaBi 3opi npoBÍm;aiOTb HemacTH; KpHBaBi paHH, bhho (bhho — KpoB), TpaBa; íhuií BapiHHTH nepBOHoro — „Garpn- HblH" (CHMBOJI BJiaflH), nOJiyM*hhhh | HOpHÍ - TaHBOpoHH, XMapH, 3CMJIH nifl KOnHTaMH, KOBflpa B CHÍ CBHTOCJiaBa, — Bce 3JI0BÍCHÍ 06- pa3n; chhí — Mope, ĎJiHCKaBKH, bhho — TeJK 3JioBÍcHa o3HaKa; cpi6ni — jiariflHi óepern ^míja (HaTOMicTb Sepern CTyrHH, b hkííi yTOHyB KHH3B PoCTHCJiaB - „TeMHÍ") CTpyMKH, CTape^a CHBH3Ha BeJIH- 191 Koro khh3h CBHTOcjiaBa, cnHC („cTpyjKHe"); 3ejiem — n,epeBa; 6íjihh — npanop; cipnô — bobk Ta opeji (BapiflHTH „ch3híí", „öycHÖ"). Ta Ha öapBax He oÖMencyiOTbCH eniTeTH „CnoBa". Oct najibini npHKJiapHi pycBKi khh3í — ,,BejiHKÍ", ,,KpacHi", „xpaôpi"; kíhb — ,,6op3Hft" (ÔHCTpHH) ; CTpyHH - ,,JKHBÍ"; CTpijIH — „Kajiem" (3a- rapTOBam; nojie — „HHCTe", „ninpoKe", „BejíHKe"; coHne — „cbít-jie"; nojiOBD;i Ta Ix xaHH — „norám"; 3BÍp — „jiiothh"; poca — „CTypena"; n,ynia — „nepjioBa" (HceMHWHCHa) i t. j\. TaKHö phchhh bjkhtok eniTeTÍB Harapye MHCTentm 3aco6n HaponHo'i noe3ii, thm Ôijibine, mo oKpeMi eniTeTH 3ycTpinaeM0 b HaponHié noe3Íí cjio-b'hhcbkhx njieivreH a>K floci. 7. JlenBe ^h MOJKeMo cnoniBaTHCH bía BiňcbKOBoro enocy ncnxo- JIOri^HOl BHTOHHeHOCTH. Ajie b „CjIOBÍ" 3HaHfleMO i OpHťÍHaJIBHi cnpoÔH noflaTH o6pa3H ncHXHHHHx HacTpo'íb Ta nepe>KHBaHi>. He jih-nie 3ran,KH npo „panicTb" Ta „nicHi" y BHnanKy nepeMora, npo „njiani" Hap noMepjiHMH, npo „CTorm" Ta „cjibo3h" — HajiencaTb 30 cKapôy ncHxojiorŕiHHx 3aco6ÍB aBTopa „CnoBa", He jranie 3ob-HÍniHi XapaKTepHCTHKH, in,0 3apa30M BHKJIHKaiOTb jkhbhíí o6pa3 jik>-neü 3 Ix yciGK) nynieBHoio CTarrio: . .. CKanyTb hk cipi bobkh b nojii, uiyKaiOMH co6i necTH, a KHH3eBÍ cjiaBH..., ajie bíh yMÍG 3MajibOByBaTH i 6opoTb6y HacTpoiB, nyMOK, nonyBaHb. Mn B>Ke 3ycTpÍHajiHcfl 3 thm MicneM, ne aBTop „CjiOBa" roBopHTb npo Te, HOMy khh3h Iropn He 3ynHHHB Bin, noxony HaBÍTb 3jiobíchhh 3HaK — 3aTeMHeHHH coHnn: „3anajiHJia ňoMy npHCTpacTb nyx*, Ta Týra CKoniTyBaTH BejíHKoro JXony 3aKpnjia bíh, Hboro (3jiobíchhh) 3HaK — 3aTeMHeHHH cohuh: „3anajiHjia öoMy npHCTpacTb jryx*, Ta norocTpHB cepne cbog cmíjihbíctio" (nopiBHHHHH 3 MeneM, hkhh „HanpaBJíHiOTb" Ta „rocTpHTb" nepen, noxon,oM). no nopa3n,i Iropa SoHpaM CßHTocjiaBa „cyM nojioHHB nyx". y cmíjihbhx „nyMKa Hece pyx Ha nijio". BceBOJion, y 6htbí He BBaHcae Ha paHH, "3a6yBaG necTb Ta HCHTTH, i mícto HepHirÍB, i ÔaTbKÍBCbKHH 30jiothö npecTiji, i cbogí mhjio'í npyjKHHH, KpacHoi Fjiíôíbhh J11060B Ta JiacKy". HpocjiaBHa „niJie" flo Iropn, mo ňoro BOHa BBancaG 3aÔHTHM, „cjib03H Ha Mope pano". . . Bohkh „cnoBHKHOTbCH BÍficbKOBoro (paTHoro) nyxa". Bijibine MOJKHa 3Í6paTH Micub, ne HacTpoI 3MajibOBam cHMBOjiaMH, hk tí cipaniHi KapHa Ta JKejín, mo „CMary Ha jnonefi MeTaioTb 3 no-jiyM'HHoro pory...". A60: „Bami cepnn b TBepnifi CTajii 3aKyTi i b BÍnBa3Í 3arapT0BaHÍ". ^ochtb i irnx HeHncjieHHnx Micn,b, m,o6 6a-HHTH, mo eniHHa nicHH 3Hajia i ncHXOjioriHHHH MajiiOHOK. *) Crape „po3yM" Kpame nepeKJiafla™ cjiobom „jjyx" (rpeijbKe „Hyc"). 192 8. JJp ayace n,ÍKaBHX pne „CaoBa" HaaeatHTb 3HaěoMe HaM 3 íhiuhx naM'íiTOK yacHBaHHa npHCJiÍB'iB HH acpopH3MÍB. ÍX G nBa THnn: (1) 3acnÍBH a6o pecppeHH, Ta cthcjií eninm cpopMyjiH, mp noB-TopioiOTbCíi nac Biß naey — 3BHnaÖHHH 3aci6 b enoci pÍ3HHx HaponiB Ta naeiß. JlpyíKHHHHKH b noxoni „uiyKaiOTb coôi necTH, a KHH3eBÍ cjiaBH", u,ijib íx noxony — 7UH> bohu xonyTb „HannTHca hiojiomom 3 JJpHy", BCTynaKJHH b exen, 3iaxaiOTb cyMHo — ,,0, pycbKa 3eMae, Bace TH 3a Morajioio", nin, nac 6htbh „pyenni bcjihkí noaa nepBO-hhmh HíHTaMH neperopoanaH", no nopa3u;i (aóo Han, MepTBHM khs-3eM PocTHcaaBoM) „HHKHe TpaBa Bin, acaaoön, a nepeso 3 Tyroio no 3eiwai npHXHanaoca", čPpocaaBHa „paHo naane b ITyTHBai-MicTi Ha Beaci, MOBaann: ..." (xpn pa3H). IIopa3Ka BHKaHKac y khh3h Cbh-TocaaBa nyMKy npo BinnaaTy noaoBiiaM, 6o „Bace IropeBoro cMian-Boro BinctKa He BOCKpecHTH". Bíh Kanne KHa3ÍB 30 noxony npoTH noaoBn;ÍB „3a 3eMaio PycbKy, 3a paHH Iropeßi, 3yxBaaoro CBarocaa-BHna. . . ". IIoBTOpioiOTbca Kmn,eBÍ cpopMyan i b cnoranax npo mh-Hyae: „Khh3í caMti Ha ceôe cMyTy KyBaan", a „norám 3 ycix cto-piH npnxoAHaH Ha 3eMaw PycbKy. .. ". IJi cpopMyan iHonj Tpoxn 3MÍHK)K)Tbca. (2) AcpopHCTHnm peneHHH, „ceHTemin", mo íx aBTop „CaoBa" npnnHcyG Eohhobí: „Ahí XHTpoMy, am inacaHBOMy. . . cyna Boacoro He OMHHyTH"; „TaacKo to6í, roaoBo, 6e3 naenefi, 3ae to6í, Tiao, 6e3 roaoBH". IIoniOHi no n,boro BHpa3H 3ycrpinaioTbcH i b íh-iuhx TBopax CTapopycbKoi aiiepaTypn. Hanp., ppyrnS Bnpa3 noB-TopioGTbca b „MoaeHHi" .HaHHaa (n,aai — II. E). Q b „Cjiobí" Kiab-Ka peneHb rany npHcaÍB'ÍB, inp a6o HaaeacaTb aBTopoBi „CaoBa" a6o 3ano3HneHi 3 yTpaneHHX naia'aTOK, Hanp.: „Koan coKoaij bt> MbiTexT> 6biBaeTb, BblCOKO nTHUb B"b36HBaeTb" („B-b MbixexT*" — jiHHHG, míhhg nip'a). 3aaio6KH BacHBaGTbca Tyr i 3HaíioMHÍí HaM 3 aironney MHCTeiib- KHH 3acÍ6 - P03MOBH. OnOBÍHaHHH BeneTbCH naCTO b CpOpMÍ p03MOB a6o npoMOB: BceBoaon, BÍTac 6paTa Iropa Ta 3BepTaGTbca 30 Hboro 3 xapaKTepncTHKoio cboíx „KypaH"; Irop npoMOBaac no BiňcbKa: Jlinnie BÓHTOMy 6yTH, amac noaoHeHOMy 6yTH . .., Khh3í MOBaaTb ohhh no onHoro: „U,e mog, i n,e Teac mog"; pycbKi aciHKH naanyTb, MOBaann: „Yace HaM Hannrx mhjihx noaoBÍKÍB aHi nyMKOK) 3flyMaTH. . . " (i t. CßaTocaaB onoßinac QoapaM cbíh coh, 6oapn onoBinaiOTb HOMy npo non,ii, Toni CßaTocaaB BHroaomyG cbog „3oaoTe caoBo" 30 khh3íb, i b nbOMy caoBi iiHTOBaHo oKpeMi peneHHH khh3Íb; HpocaaBHa naane 3a noaoBÍKOM, 3BepTaiOHHCH np 193 BÍTpy, flo JJiHmpa-CjioByTHna, no cohh,h; Irop flHKyc /JmiieBi 3a flo-noMory npn BTeni, Ta ,HmeiiB po3MOBJiae 3 hhm; noaoBeiiBKÍ khh3Í — T3a ra KoHHaK po3MOBaaiOTb (3araAKOBoio cHMBoaraHoio mobok>) npo CBOÍ njiflHH inpflo Iropa ra öoro noaoHeHoro cHHa... Ta tobo-pHTb i cam aBTop SBepTaiOHHca flo HHTaniB („ÖpaTHG"), ao ceôe ca-Moro („Hto mh ruyMHTb?"), ao KHa3ÍB (npoAOBaíeHHH ,,3oaoToro caoBa") ... n.a flpaMaTH3anifl BHKaaAy HaaeacHTB Teac ao xapaK-TepHCTHHHHX pne „CaoBa". 9. Xoh 3 nepuioro noraflAy ,,CaoBo" 3AacTBca flyate cBocpifl-HHM TBopoM, nip He mslg 3ß'a3Ky 3 íhhihmh TBopaMH cTapoi aiTepa-lypn, H,e He npaBHaBHO. 53k AOBean flocaiflaceHHa ocTaHHBoro nacy, „CaoBo" HaA3BHMaHH0 iniabHo 3B'a3aHe 3 cthjiícthkok), Tbca Siatine Hifle b CTapiH aiTepaTypi a6o 3ycTpÍMaK)Tbca flyjKe piflKO, aae noAÍom pÍAKi caoBa g b öaraTBox naM'arKax, 30KpeMa, Koan Mosa HAe npo noBcaKAeHHe acHTTa (nop., Hanp., Ha3BH cTpaB — I. B. 7). Ihhií caoBa, pÍAKÍ b CTapiž aiTepaTypi, 3ycTpinaGMo b pÍ3HHX caoß'aH-cbkhx MOBax, 30KpeMa b yKpaiHCBKiíi Ta ii fliaaeKTax: nop. „noTpy-HHTHca" (noÖHTHca, nomepÖHTHca) — nop. yKpaiHCBKe „BTpyna-THca"; „acajionii", g ň Tenep b yKpaiHCBKiíi mobí; „apyra" — „Hp", ,,apÓK", „CMara" — g b necBKÍH Ta yKpai'HCbKÍH mobex (nop. „cMaacn-th") ; ,,6oaoHB" — piflKe b cTapiô aiTepaTypi, Tenep g b yKpai'H-CBKHX fliaaeKTax i. t. A- RexKi Micn,a MoacHa pÍ3Ho noacHioBaTH: cKpHnÍHHa bo3íb, Hara-Aye aBTopoßi kphk ,,po3nyineHHx" aeöeniB. 3AacTBCH, niaKOM npa-BHabHe npHnym.eHHH, mo b opHrmaai cToaao „po3nyacem", Bifl ,,po3nyflHTH" — po3irHara. Hp caoBo 3ycTpiHeMo b hchtíí eoflocia: ,,aK bobk po3nyflHTB SoJKecTBeHHe Te CTaflo" (MeHnÍB), Ta iup b anc-TyBaHHi 16 ct., fle aBBÍBCBKÍ MÍm.aHH acaaiioTBca, iup cnncKon TefleoH BaaaöaH ,,po3nyflHB" abBÍBc&Ke ôpaTCTBO, g np caoBo i b hccbkíh i B noaBCBKÍH MOBÍ. ľlepeBaaíHy öiaBiniciB caiB Ta ä OKpeMHX BHpa3ÍB „CaoBa" 3Han-fleMo b CTapoyKpaiHCbKÍH aÍTepaxypi, a nacTO i b cynacHío HapoflHÍíi 194 nicHi cjiob'hhcbkhx Hapofliß. Hanp.: „PycH^i" b „Cjiobí" Ha3HBa-iotbch — „cokojih". Ilíe .Hayťoín 3ra3ye npHBÍTajiLHy nicHio khh3io MCTHCJiaBOBi McTHCJiaBOBHHeBÍ, 5IKOrO TaM Ha3HBaGTBCH „cokojiom". y cynacHHx yKpamcbKHX nicHax n,en o6pa3 rochtb nourapeHHÖ: „CoKOjieHbKo Ha BHJiexi, K03aneHBK0 Ha BHÍ33Í", i t. 3. „Cjiobo" bh-xBajiíie cokojiíb ,,bt> mm Text", hkí ,,He 3aiOTB CBoro rHÍ3na b oÖH^y" — y CTapiü nponoBi^i npo cbathx HHTacMo: „ M bi t h t c a HKo acTpeôn... B-B3BHiuaiOTca BT> oôjiaKH öesnenaaia", b noBicri npo AKHpa — „Korfla 60 coKOJľB Tpexi> m bi t e ô oBiBaerB, oht. He nacTB ca cb rHT>33a cBoero b3Hth". XapaKTepncTHKy HacTpoio boh-kíb, hk íi no^aHo b „CaoBi" — ,,jiimne BMepTH, amac 3a3HaTH no-pa3KH", 3ycTpineMO i b bíhcbkobhx onoBiflaHHax, i b aÍTonnci, i b pe-airiHHin ařrepaTypi. IJiai cHMBoaiam KapTHHH „CaoBa", Hanp., no- pÍBHHHHa ÔHTBH 3 aCHHBaMH a6o BeCÍaBHHM ÖeHKeTOM, mnpoKO 3y- CTpmaiOTBCH b cTapiS aiTepaTypi, nicHi, Ta fi nÍ3HÍnie: b „CaoBi" —• ,,Hp"BHa 3eMaa noRi* KonBiTBi koctbmh öBiaa nocfeaHa a KpoBiio no-aBHHa" — b nicHax: HopHa piaaa 3aopaHa, KyaaMH 3aciaHa, 6ianM TiaoM 3Boao^eHa, i KpoB'io cnoaomeHa ... XMeaBHHUBKHH nonaB (... 3eMaio kíhcbkhmh KonHTaMH opara), KpOB'K) MOapiaBCBKOK) noaHBaTH ... B poMaHi npo .Hiremca 6nTBa — kocobhuh, b Biöaii — atHHBa, TaK caMO y aaBia i t. 3. B yKpalHCBKiö nicHi üepeSnÖHic — ... B3HB aaxaMH, hk CHonaMH, no 3Ba paflH Kaacra.. . BHTBa b „CaoBi" -— (BeciaBmrä) öemieT: TaK caMO i y «raaBia — „hí6h Ha Beciaaa ninan Ha ÖHTBy", a b yKpaincBKiö nicm: JXoôpe flöaOTe, 6ap30 rasaÖTe, Í3 aaxaMH nHBo BapHTH saaHHairre. JIh3cbkhh coao3, K03au,BKa B03a, aaacBKi 3poBa, K03aHBKi Tpy#a .. . TaKHx napaaeaB MoacHa HaBecra Maöace 30 KoacHoro o6pa3y, 30 KoacHoi KapTHHH „CaoBa". 10. TaK y „CaoBi" 36iraioTBca CTHaicTHHHi eaeMeHTH cTapo-BHHH01 BÍHCBKOBOÍ noßicTH Ta HaßiTB Biöaii, a nopyn Toro „CaoBo" BHnepesacyG craaicTHKy yKpaiHCBKOi HapoRHOi nicHi. BeaHKoio cno- 195 KyCOK) g 3pOÔHTH 3 H.bOrO CpaKTy BHCHOBOK, iu.0 „CjIOBo" CBÍflHHTB npo icHysaHHfl b 12 ct. HaponHo'i noe3ÍI 3 thmh caMHMH o6pa3aMH, mo h cyaacna HaponHa nicHa. B xaKOMy flOBroMy TpHBaHHi noeTHa-HHX o6pa3ÍB, TeM Ta (popM — HeMa Hiaoro HeMoacaHBoro: cyaacm „CTapHHH" HOHecjiH ho 20 ct. cioaceTH, TeMaTHKy, iivieHa enocy 11-12 ct., b caMOMy „Cjiobí" 3Haxon.HMo BÍp;roMÍH ťoTCBKoro enocy npo Byca-Boo3a (7 b. no P. X.), mo jkhb yace KÍJibKa ctojiítb nepen THM. Ajie He MOJKHa HÍaK HOBeCTH, mo „CJIOBO" mOCB n03HHHJIO 3 Hamoi cTapoBHHHoi HaponHoi noe3ÍI. „Cjiobo" — TBip, 6e3yMOBHO, HBipcbKoi noe3Íi, He HapoHHoi. <3>opMa yKpaÍHCbKoi nicHi, hk MoacHa 6aMHTH, b 17-18 ct. 3a3HaBajia HansBHaaHHHX BnjiHBÍB mTyaHoi noe-3il ôapoKKa; i b íhdthx KpaiÍHax HaponHa noe3Ía, 3BHaaiÍHO, ninaa-jiara BnjiHBy noe3Íl bhiuhx BepcTB. OTace, „Cjiobo" panine Moace cbíhhhth npo tí natepeaa, 3 hkhx aepnaaa cxapa yicpaiHctKa HaponHa noe3ÍH — npo CTapnô nmpcbKHO enoc Ajie i TyT, Ha acaab, ÖyBUiH g3hhhm TBopoM nboro rany, „Cjiobo" He Moace Hac nepeKO-HäTH, mo Becb enoc 12 ct. Ma b tí caMÍ cbopMH, mo „Cjiobo". OTace, MycHMo npHHMaTH „Cjiobo", ak Han3BHaaÖHo n,iicaBy Ta Kpacny cto-pÍHKy CTäpoBHHH, 6e3 3aÖBHx ranaHb npo cyaacHHÖ ôoMy enoc Ta HapoHHy noe3iio. JlBipcbKirä xapaKTep „CjioBa" noTBepnacycTbca Taicoac no-HÍohocthmh míhí HHM i 3axinHÍM CTapoBHHHHM enocoM. UlonpaBfla, nofliÖHOCTeH He TaK ÖaraTo. CTHCJia (popMa, Hafl3BHaaÖHe 3ryineHHa noeTHHHoro MaTepiaay, HaicynaeHHH (popMajibHHx npHKpac oftpis-hhg ,CaoBo" Bin, 3axÍ3HÍx 3pa3KÍB, mnpoKHX Ta aacTO 3aHaHTo mho-rocjiÍBHHX. Hanôanacae po „CaoBa" ctoitb „BeoByjibdp", CTapoaH-raiöcbKHH enoc 8 ct., dppaHny3bKÍ noeMH npo nonopoac Kapaa Be-jíHKoro ho IlajiecTHHH Ta KeabTCbKHÖ enoc, ocTaHHifi 30KpeMa cboímh HHcaeHHHMH aaiTepanjaMH. OicpeMi o6pa3H, oKpeMÍ Micn,a 3aHaflTo 3araabHÍ, mo6 roBopHTH npo 6jiH3bKÍCTb (repoí — coKoan, opan Ha noai 6htbh, onncH 3H0ôhhí, ôHTBa — 6eHiceT, KpoB — bhho, BÍmi chh, roaocÍHHa, CTpyniyBaHHH pocn, CMepTb ainina bíh nopa3KH to-mo). CTHaicTHKHi 3acoÖH „CaoBa" — noBTopeHHH, híôh pedppeHH, rpa HaTaKaMH, nenoMOBaeHHa, aaÍTepan,ii, — xoa i 3HaxonaTb neBHi HeaHcaeHHi napaaeai b CKaHHÍHaBCbKHx caľax, aae cnoayaem 3 TaKHMH BaacaHBHMH pÍ3HHn;aMH, mo „CaoBo" ň noci 3aaHmaGTbca ycaMÍTHeHHM TBopoM He anine b CTapopyCbKiä, a ä b eBponeHCbKÍH aiTepaTypi. IcTopiio „CaoBa" MoaceMo npocxeacHTH annie b nyace 3araabHHx pHcax. ÜHcaHo öoro MaôyTb no noBopori Iropa 3 noaoHy He ni3-Hinie 1187 p., 60 tohí BMep HpocaaB OcMOMHca TaaHUbKHH (3a HKoro TyT 3ranyGTbca hk acHBoro), aae i He pamme 1187 p., Koan chh Iropa BoaoHHMHp noBepnyBca 3 noaoHy. MoacaHBo, mo aBTop 196 onoBinaHHH npo noxin y KniBCbKOMy jiítoiihcí kophctebch „Cjiobom", ajie cxoHcocTH Tyr jiHUie HeBejiHKi. Abtop „CjioBa", MaöyTb, MHCJiHBen,b Ta bohk, 6o ant Ha^TO nacTi B HbOrO o6pa3H 3 MHCJIHBCTBa Ta BÍHCbKOBoro 5KHTTH. bíh - JIK>- RHHa He jiHine 3 jiiTepaxypHHM cMaKOM i TajiaHTOM, ajie ň 3 JiiTe-paTypHHMH ÍHTepecaMH, bíh 3Hae i ciapno enoc i icTopiio CTapnx KHH3ÍB (3 enocy hh jiítouhcíb?). Bíh HanHTaHHH y cTapiä jiiTepaxypi - CBÍTCLKÍÔ i flyXOBHÍH. BÍH 6jIH3bKHH j\0 KHH3ÍBCbK0r0 KOJia, — He jierKO 3HaTH KijibKa necfrnäB khh3íb Ta Mara acHe yaBjíeHHa npo KoaíHoro 3 hhx. HaHMOßipmine, m,o bíh — npyHCHHHHK, mojk-jihbo, ynacHHK noxony. BncaoBJiiOBaaHCH 3npran,H, iho bíh HaBÍTb 6yB njieHOM KHH3ÍBCbKOi poRHHH. Miř bíh 6yTH i nepHiriBueM a6o khhhhhom, — 3aHanTo Bace BejíHKy pojiio Hanae bíh kh. CßHTocaa-bobí KnÍBCbKOMy; ajie Mir 6yra TaKoac raannaHHHOM, ohhhm 3 thx, iup npHHUiJiH b cynpoBORÍ ROHbKH HpocjiaBa OcMOMHcjia ho RBopy Iropa TOMy bíh BHXBaaae HpocaaBa OcMOMHCjia. Hafli;ÍKaBÍinoK) iHRHBinyajibHOK) pncoio aBTopa e fioro naTpioTH3M, fioro acHBe no-HyTTH po „PycbKoi 3eMJii" (ho hkoí bíh, 3HaGTbCH, He 3apax0Byc HoBropona). IIaTpioTH3M Horo, mpnpaBfla, cnojiyneHHH 3 neBHHM HHHaCTHMHHM nonyTTHM RO POHy ,,CTaporo BoJIOHHMHpa". B KOJK- HoMy pa3i, TBip ňoro Mir HafiÖiabine po3paxoByBaTH Ha ycnix cepeH njieHÍB KHH3ÍBCbKOÍ' pOHHHH Ta HPy^HHHHKÍB. Ajie ne BCe JIHUie 3HO- rann, xon i He njjiKOM 6e3nincTaBHÍ. /Jajibina hojih „CaoBa" TeMHa. 3anncaHe boho Mycijio 6yra cko-po no cKJianeHHi, 60 npi6Ha Ta HemacJiHBa BnnpaBa npoTaroM ni-jiHx necHTHjiiTb He Moraa HÍKoro nmaBHTH. Aae, hh 3anncaB fíoro eaM aBTop xa hh 3anncaB 6e3 3míh Ta CKoponeHb? „CaoBo" noTpannao Ha niBHin 3 OHHoro 6oKy ho IIcKOBCbKoi 3eMjii, TaM 3 Hboro poÖHJin npi6*hí bkhhckh — b anocTOJii 1307 p., b jiÍTonnci 1514 p., i caMHÖ pyKonnc, mo ôoro BTpaneHo 1812 p., Mae Ha co6i acKpaßi 03HaKH ncKOBCbKoi mobh (3MÍniyBaHHH „í" Ta „n" Tomp) Ta 03HaKH nÍ3Hboro npaßonncy; ghhhhh pyKonnc, mo flOíKHB np 19 ct., Mycí b noxoHHTH 3 16 ct. Ajie onHHHJiocji „Cjiobo" i Ha niBHÍHHOMy cxoni 14 ct. „CaoBo" jiarjio b ocHOBy ,,3anoHinHHH" — noBicTH npo nepeMory MocKOBCbKoro BiňcbKa Han napeM raTap-CbKHM MaMaGM — nncaHOi, híôh, pa3aHii;eM, nepepoÖKa He nyme BHajia Ta ny^e noraHo 36epeaceHa. Ha yKpami TpaflHnia „CaoBa" 3racjia, MaöyTb, noCHTI> pa-HO b HecnpHHTjiHBi hjih aiiepaTypn 14-15 bb. „Cjioßa" He bhíhb yace HaHHTaHHH y BiöcbKOBiö Ta íhuiíh aiTepaTypi aBTop raaHijbKO-Bo-jiHHCbKoro aiTonncy. Ajie UHTye „Cjiobo" aßTop noxBaan kh. Oct-po3bKOMy 3 p. 1515. 197 BrnianicoBO Hiftinaa no Hac n,H cntma b cßOGMy poni nepjiHHa CTapoi noe3ii. I apci Bona e nonacTH 3araa,K0B0io, xon cTopinna npa-na HocjiiflHHKÍB i ponoMarae HaM no neHKO'i Mipn 3po3yMÍTH Ii miab-HHH 3b's3ok Í3 CTapoK) jiÍTepaTypoK>. €. TaTapcbKa Hasajia 1. TaTapcbKa HaBajia, cnonaTKy nepuiHä Hanan,, m,o 3aKiHHHBCH Heii;acjiHBOK> 6htbok> 1223 p. Hap KajiKOio, a iiotím, nicjiH cnycTO-nieHHa niHinHo-cxinmx khh3Íbctb, —- Hanan, Ha Khib 1240 p. — Bifl-ÔHjiaca He annie b nponoBinax Ta jiítohhchhx 3anncax, a i b OKpe-mhx noBicTax, hkí, inpnpaBna, ninniaH no Hac TaKoat TijibKH b CKJiaai jiiTonHCÍB, aae noxoflJKeHHa hkhx hk caMOCTÍHHHx TBopiB ■— 6e3cyMHÍBHe. B erapoyKpaíHCbKiH aiTepaTypi Bin, h.hx tbopíb 3Ôe-peraoca HeßaraTo Ta h to b nepepoÖKax. B raannbKO-BoanHCbKOMy jiiTonnci onoßinaHHa cthjiícthhho n, i a k o m 3MiHeHo, anme OKpeMi BHpa3H HaranyiOTb npo Ix CTapy (popny. 2. OnoBinaHHH npo KaaKCbKy ÖHTBy ainnie 3Ôeperaoca b Cy3-HajibCbKOMy aiTonnci, b raaHHbKO-BoaHHCbKOMy boho CKoponeHe Ta npnoBHeHe naHHivra npo khh3h .ZJaHnaa. Cy3naabcbKe onoBinamiH, íiMOBipHO, KniBCbKoro noxonaceHHH, 6o aBTop paxye poKn 3a khh-aciHHaM KniBCbKoro KHa3a McTHcaaBa PoivraHOBHHa. JXo nepBicHoi (popMH onoBiflaHHa HaaeacaTb, neBHo, e. OnoBÍn,aHHH nepeöiabmye: „pycbKe" BiScbKO npn nepenpaBi nepe3 JJ,HÍnpo Hn.e ,,hí6h no cyxy", 6o bch Bona noKpHTa noBHaMH; KiabKa khh3Íb Bin,6n-BaiOTbca Tpn nm sin. TaTap y „roponi" 3 bo3Íb. Ycix noaoHeHHx KHa3ÍB TaTapn nepenymnaH — noKaaan na hhx rouikh Ta cian Ha hhx o6i-RaTH. B niBHÍHHHx TeKCTax y onoBÍn,aHHHx npo ÖHTBy 3ran,yGTbca 3arn6eab „Öararapiß" (JJpôpHHi, Aaboini, hkhx 3ByTb ,,pa3aH- E(HMH"). 3. OnoBinaHHH npo pymy KncBa reac 3ycTpinaGTbCH b pÍ3HHx jiiTonncax. B raaHnbKO-BoaHHCbKOMy boho Teat oöpoöaeHe aBTopoM 6iorpa(piI b nyci Soro BaacHoí cTHaicTHKH. HaÔBpa3aHBÍnii míciíh He 3RaiOTbca opHťmaabHHMH. Ochobhí momchth onoßinaHHH TaKi: BaTHH nHByGTbCH po3MÍpoBÍ Ta Kpaci KHGBa; „i oôaoacHB mícto ... I He MOHCHa 6yao nyrn Bin, CKpHniHHH bo3íb Soro, Beamtoro peBy BepoaioniB noro Ta ipacamiH KOHeö ôoro", mo roBopHTb y míctí. TaTapn po3ÖHaH MicbKy crmy — „i MoacHa 6yao 6anHTH aainaHHH chhcíb i pyöaHHH iu,htíb i cTpian 3aTbMapnjin cBÍTao". KnaHH 060- 198 poHHJiHca b THMHacoBOMy yKpinjieHHi kojio H,epKBH es. Eoroponimi, ajie ctíhh 3aBajinjiHCH, i mícto ocTaTOHHo Bnajio. ^aHHJioBoro bog-Bony ZtMHTpa, nj;o Topi npaBHB míctom, TaTapH He 3aÖHJiH 3a „noro MyjKHicTb". OnoBiflaHHH Haranye cTHJieM Khibcbkhh jiiTonnc 12 ct. UnTOBam MÍcqn noBTopioiOTi, a6o Hocncpa <Í>jihbíh, a6o Bí6jiík> (npn-xifl Acypa = accHpifiDŮB no ITajiecTHHH i t. n.). OapHHa npo KajiHHa-napH (II. JX. 5) Ma g b cynacmn cpopMi mícu,h cxojkí 3 onoBiflaHHHM, mo Teac MOHíe cbíahhth npo fioro paBHicTb. 4. OÔHflBa HeBejiHHKi TBopn npo TaTapcbKy HaBajiy niKaBi thm, qo b hhx MaGMO cnpoôy yTBopHTH hkhhcb hobhh thh jíiTepaTypHoro TBopy, hobhh jíiTepaxypHHH ťaTyHOK. U.e 3aoKpyrjieHe onoBÍnaHHH npo icTopn^Hi nofli'i, mp He HajiejKHTb po HKorocb „Jirroimcy". Ono-BiflaHt noniÖHoro xapaKTepy He öyjio paBHinie. Yci HaM bíh,omí ok-peMi onoBipaHHH 3 thx naciß, — g TBopaMH pejiiriÖHoro xapaKTepy a6o ocBÍTjnoiOTb nojiil cbítcbkoí icTopii 3 pejiiriOHoro norjinny (Ha-npHKJiap, onoBipaHHH npo 3a6nTTH khh3íb). GflHHHH bhhhtok onoBÍnaHHH npo ocjiinjieHHH khh3h BacHjibKa — Tenc He KOHn,eHTpye yBarn Ha íctophhhhx noninx, aBTopa niKaBHTb jiHine ocoôa khh3h. ÍIkí He Majii Ha po3Mip 060G onoBinaHb npo TaTapcbKy HaBajiy, ajie BOHH ITÍKaBÍ flK TBOpH HOBOTO THny. IIoHHH aBTopiB o6ox onoBÍn,aHb ycnixy He MaB. Bin, ni3HÍmHX nacÍB po Hac ne nifinijio híhkhx HacjiinyBaHb Ix. lHoHaHÖijibnie Ha niBHÍHHoMy cxopi nocTac b 13 ct. oKpeMa noBicTb npo CMepTb Baraa (HaBe^eHa b jíiTonneax nin, 1247 p.). JR. /'Jita TBopn cyMHÍBHoro noxoflJKeHHa 1. G KijibKa naM'HTOK, mo ix npHHajieacHicTb po CTapoKHiBCbKOi Ao6h 6e3cyMHÍBHa, ajie HeacHnô nac Ta, 30KpeMa, Micn,e ix nocTaHHH. Mh 3ynnHHM0CH JiHnie Ha nBox HaHopHrmajibHiniHx, cTapoyKpaiHCb- Ke nOXOflHCeHHH HKHX He BHKJIHKaG BeJIHKHX cyMHißiB. riepiHHH TBip - TaK 3BaHe „MojieHHG" (IIpoxaHHH) /laHHjia OaTo^HHKa)". — íle hí6h npoxaHHH HKorocb JlaHHjia n,o khh3h, ím'h HKoro b pi3HHx BÍn,nncax naM'HTKH pÍ3He. B KOJKHOMy pa3i, n,e -— híôh nepencjiaBCbKHH KHH3b, ajie HKoro nepencjiaBa — nißneHHoro HH nÍBHÍHHoro (Cy3najibCbKoro) — HeneBHo. HeneBHHH i *iac noxo- HJKeHHH TBOpy. PÍ3HÍ flOCJlíflHHKH BÍflHOCHTb HOrO flO Hacy MÍJK 11 Ta 13 ct., ajie JieflBe hh TBip TaKoro CKJiannoro cthjiio Mir nocTaTH BJKe B 11 ct. PyKOnHCH BCi HOBÍHli - 16-18 bb. 3míct „MojieHHH" — híôh npoxaHHH, ajie aBTop He roBopHTb BjiacHe 30bcím, npo inp bíh npoxac, Ta 3aMÍcTb „MOJieHHH" to BHXBa- 199 aae KHH3H, to nonac HOMy HHcaemii nopaan, no peai, He ayace chc-TeiviaTHHHo BnopanKOBam. B Toil nac, hk cTapi apcaiaHHKH HaMara- JIHCfl BCTaHOBHTH, HpO IUO, BJiaCHe, npOCHTB ^IaHHJIO (ZlaHHaa, Tpa- anuia 3Be me ,,3aTOHHHKOM", híôh 3acjiamiM KynHCB Ha iiíbhfi — Ta aaa n;iei na3BH HeMae nincTaB b TBopi caMOMy), xto bíh TaKHÖ, 30 HKoi cycnijitHoi BepcTBH bíh HajieJKHTt. „MojieHHG" e cyTo-aÍTe-paTypHHÍí TBÍp, npH3HaneHHH 30BCÍM He aaa neBHoro khh3h, a naa HHTana, xto 6 bíh ne 6yB. „MoaeHHc" 3B'a3aHe 3 KÍJitKOMa jiÍTepa-TypHHMH ťaTyHKaMH. Ilonepine, boho noaiÔHe, Hanp., 30 BipniiB-npoxaHB BÍ3aHTÍHCBKHx iíHCBMeHHHKÍB enppa IIpoflpoMa Ta Míl-xafíjia rjiÍKH, inp HanncajiH nepniHH — KÍJiBKa BipuioBaHHx jihctíb-npoxaHB, a spyrnô — oflHH TaKHH jihct 30 BÍ3aHTÍHCBKHX ÍMnepa-TopÍB. rioapyre — n,e 3Öipica ceHTeHUÍH, noaiÖHO 30 „Enacoan" a6o HacTHH ,,l36opHHKa" 1076 p., jiňme n,i ceHTeHiiii BCTaBJieHo b jiiTe-paxypHy paMKy npoxaHHH. IIoniÖHHMH 3ÔipKaMH e i noBaamia Biöjiii („ITphcjiíb'h Cojiomohobí" Ta „Kmira CnpaxoBa"). ľloTpeTG — ne nopaaa KHH3eBÍ, Teac thhobhh raTyHoK (nop. „TaGMHHino TaeMHHUB" — III, 7): ,,nojiinniHTH" npaBHTeaa 03Haaaao nojiinuíHTH cycnijiB-ctbo! CaMa (popMa ceHTeHnľí HaaaBaaa CKa3aHOMy neBHoro aBTopn-TeTy, 30KpeMa kojih poôhjihch nocHJiäHHH Ha aBTopÍB, hhm KÍJiBKa pa3ÍB KopHCTyGTBCH i aBTop ,,MojieHHfl". ripHranaiiMo pojiio ceHTeH-niň y jiÍTonnci Ta ineoaori^HoMy nepeKjianHOMy poMam (EneKypc I. T. 6. 5-7). -K)tb, hh JKHyTB, hh B"b JKHTHHUa COÖHpaiOTB, HO ynOBaiOTB HE MH- jiocTB Bohuiío", „bcíiktí bhhht y a,pyra cynen.'b bo ohhio, a y ceöe HH 6peBHa He bhrht", aBxop npocTO nocHJiacTBca Ha napa CoaoMo-Ha („CoaoMOH TaKO ace pe*ie"), na IIcaaTHp (.„ZlaBna."), nHTyc khh-th IoBa, Cnpaxa, Icaio i t. a,., 3ranye napa G3eKÍio, khh3h BHXBa-aac b oflHOMy Mieni caoBäMH „IIíchí niceHt". IIo3HHaG bíh HHTaTH 31 CTapo'i aÍTepaTypn, 30KpeMa 3i 36ipoK, mo yBÍfiniaH b CKaan. 36ip-HHKa 1076 p. (Hanp., „CTOcaoBen,B" TeHHaflia), 3 „«risioaora", Moaíe i 3 „AKHpa IIpeMyflporo", a roaoBHe 3 íhuihx 36ipoK ceHTeHiiiS (xoh „BflmoaH" bíh, 3p,aGTBca, He 3Hac). I^hm maaxoM noTpannan 30 HBoro, MaôyTB, Taní pi,n;kí n;HTaTH, hk HHTaTa 3 yana ApicTOTeaa 200 — TeocppacTa Toinp. ^acTHHy tckctíb MorjiH nonpnaBaTii nÍ3HÍmi nepenncyBani. Ilopyn utoro e ceHTeHn,ii°, no3Hnem 3 jiítoiihcíb a6o ícto-pnnHHX nepeKa3ÍB: khíi3l. PocTHCJiaB híôhto cKa3aB „Jiynnie 6h mh CMepTb, nejKejiH KypcKoe khjUKeHUG*' (3a jiiTonKCOM n,i cjioBa cKa-3aB khh3b Amroiä BojioßHMHpoBHq IlepeHCJiaBCbKHH); „3jiaxoM 60 Myacen Aoöpbixij He npoynenib, a MyjKH 3JiaT0, h cpeôpo, h rpanoB npoynenib" — 3a jiiTonncoM khh3i> BoaonHMirp cb. cKa3aB, mp „cpiö-jiOM i 30jiot0m He nicTaHy n.pyjKHHH, a npyacHHOio nicTaHy cpiSjio Ta 30J10T0". HaBOflflTt neaKi pyKoroicH TaKoac HeßinpMy 3 íhhihx nacepeji ceHTeHiľiio „CßHTocaaBa, CHHa OabacHHoro" (10 ct.). G TyT i HHMajio npHCJiiB'iB THny nonyjiHpHHx; cyTo-naponHHx hí6h HeMae, xoH np 3aTepTü HaponHC-ro xapaKxepy Morjio cnpHHHHHTHca nppKOB-He 3a6apBjieHHH mobh TBopy; Hanp.: He Kopaßejib TonnTb jnonHHy, a BiTep; paca IcTb 3ajii30, a nenajib — n,yx jik>;ethhh; Mopa He BHHep-naTH onojiOHHKOM („ynojioBHeio"); He íb 6yB 3 nicny Macaa, a Bin, K03Jia MOJioKa (rpeHjbKe npncaiB'a roBopHTb npo „nTHMe" a6o „Kypené" MOJioKo). I^e — „MHpcKHe npHMTH". IUp: pan He pnôa, lacaic — He 3BÍpHHa, xto JKÍHKy cjiyxae — He hojiobík. J\o rany HaponHHx noTeniB HajiencaTb i „reorpacpirai": „KOMy üepeacaaBab, a mh"b To-pecjiaBjíb" (npHranaÖMo „Oaera ropncaaBHna" 3 „CjiOBa o hojikv IropeBi"). MaôyTb nepenncyBani npnajiH niBHÍHHi reorpacpinm naa-bh: „KOMy BorojiioöoBo, a mht. rope aiOToe", „KOMy Bf>jioo3epo, a mhtj nepHfee cMOJibi", „KOMy JIane o3epo, a mhť> MHoro naana hc-nojiHeHo". — JJpHKi ceHTeHu;ii 3ycTpÍHeMo i naaeKo ni3mine, Hanp., y CKOBoponn -— aBTop „MojieHHH" Kaace, mp SoMy jiinme Bony nHTH y khh3h, aHÍJK Men. y 6oap,—■ y CKOBoponn — „Jlynne mhí cyxap 3 BonpK), HeacejiH caxap 3 öinpio". A60 aBTop „MoaeHHa" roBopHTb npo jnoneií, mo „xnxpaTb Ta MynpaTb" npo nyacy 6iny, a npo cboio ô He noayMaiOTb, mp Haranye „MopaJib" onHoro 3 jiiTonHCHHX ono-BinaHt npo BOjixBa, mo He nepenöanaB BJiacHoi 3arHOejii (nop. I. B. 4). y CKOBoponH — BinbMa, mo 3Hae, mo poÖHTbca b nyacHx noMax, a npo cbíh He niKJiycTbCH. íle ine aHTHMHHÖ mothb. IIphcjiíb'h npo Te, mo Jiinnie 3ajii30 BapHTH, híhí 31 3jiok> jkíhkoio híhth, 3ycTpi-nacMO i b Bipuiax iepoMOHaxa KjiHMeHTia b 17 ct. (jinnie i 3 Hboro — „híjk tfceHy 3Jiy ynHTH") i t. n,. CeHTeHH,ií, „ťHOMH", npHcaiß'a — 3neöiabiuoro e sHTaraMH 3 u;íjihx icTopiö, nacTo KasoK. MoacaHBO, mo ô „BapHTH 3aaÍ3o" — HaTHK Ha Ka3Ky npo loniKy 3 coKHpn. CaMHŽ nonaTOK Haran,ye naTeTHHHHM tohom Ta 3BepHeHHHM np „ôpariií" nonaTOK „CaoBa o noaKy IropeBi": „BocTpyöHM y6o, öparae, aKH b 3JiaT0K0BaHHyio Tpyöy, b-b pa3yM-b yMa CBoero h HanHeM-b 6hth b cpeöpeHHbia ap-raHbi -— bo H3BŤ>cTHe MyapocTH, h y^apHM b ôyÔHbi yMa CBoero, nowme b ôoronpxHOBeHHbifl cBEptan, 3a BocnjianioTca b Hac fly- 201 inenojie3Hi.iH iiombicjibi". Ty? rapHHH napajiejii3M: Tpyöa — „pa-3yM yMa"; „aprami" — „Í3BÍCTHe MyjipocTH"; „öyÖHH" — „yM"; „CBHpijli" - „nOMHCJIH". EÍJIBIHÍCTB npHCJIÍB'lB 3ÖyflOBaHO s.k flBO- HjieHHi (popMyjiH: ,,Hx ace 60 pH3ti cbítjibi, t-bx h peqn necTHBi" — TaK HíajiieTLCH aBTop Ha 3arajiBHy noBary, HKy 3HaxonaTb y cbítí oaraTií. iHonj n,BO*uieHHÍCTb (popMyji niaKpecaeHo pHMoio: Jloßpy rocnonimy cayaca, npcayaíHTca cboôohbi, a 3Jiy rocnoHHHy cayaca, npcayacHTca öojinrae paôoTBi. KoMy IlepeHCJiaBaB, a mht> TopecjiaBab , .. OSpaTH Týny mhjiocth TBOea Ha 3eMJIIO XyflOCTH Moea . . . Moace HaHnmaBinie (popaiajitHo, mo 3ycTpinaGMo TyT Tard caMi aai-Tepan,ii, hkí HaM 3HafioMi Bace 3 aiTonncy: EoraT MyacB B03rjiaroaer M-B03 b ch MOJwaT h caoBo ero ap oöaaK B03Hecyr; b-m-bo3 a y6or Myacb B03raaroaeT, m-bo3 TO BCH He Hero BOCKaHKHyT .,. b-h-h-boc He 3pH Ha MH, H-3-H-M aKH BoaKTj Ha arHeija, a-H-a ho 3pH Ha MH, H-3-H-M hro Mam Ha Mnan,eHu,a ... m-h-m 3míctom „MoaeHHe" g, hk 3ranaHO, npoxaHHa, mp BHMaraG Bia KHH3H aHiue b 3araabHHx (popiviax „MHnocTH", yßarn, naM'aTi, nopa-TyHKy Bia, 3jiHflHÍB i t. a., nopyq BHXBaaeHHfl KHH3H Ta flepaca-BH — b TOiny caMOMy „ťHOMiHHoMy" cTHai — „3aaTo Kpaca aceHaarb, a tm, KHaace, aioneivrb cbohmb", „Kopaöaro raaBa kopmhhktj, a tbi, KHaace, jnonearb cbohmtj", ,,rycaH cTpoarca nepcTBi, a rpan, HauiB TBoeio nepacaBOK)" i t. 3, — He nyace ranôoKi 3araaBHi mo-paatHi noBHaHHa 3a« khh3H. TÍochtb ninpoKo roBopHTBca npo noTpe-6y Mara „MynpHx" nppan,nÍB, mo hí6h mp BaacaHBiini, mac bíhcb-ko; BHxBaaHGTbca MynpicTb Ta „KHHHíHoe no^HTaHHe"; KopoTuie npo 3anx hcíhok (MaßyTb, noSH^eHe, MoapaH-KO, IlepeTu;) yBancaioTb, rup bíh nocTaB po 12-13 ct. 3míct noro cno-pi^HeHHH 3 „GßaHrejiieio HHKonHMa" ■— onoßinaHHH npo cxoflaceH-hh XpHCTOBe b neKJio. Ajie BHKjian, hochtb CBoepiHHHH — cnonaT-Ky jC[aBH3 cnisaG panicHy nicHio, nonyBUiH npo HaponJKeHHH Xpnc-TOBe, Ta npo HaöJiroKeHHH Toro MOMeHTy, kojih 6yn,e 3pyHHOBaHe neKJio. Jlajii ňpe po3MOBa npopoKÍB Ta npaonjiB. Kojih HaöJiHjKaGTb-CH BocKpeceHHH JIa3apeBe, to AnaM nocHJiac nepe3 Hboro cboI noKa-hhhí npoxaHHH Ha 3eMJiK> po XpncTa, Kmenb — caaia icTopia cxo-HHceHHa XpncTa po neKJia — 3ôeperjiacfl Jinnie b noniKonHceHOMy BianHci. 4. B „Cjiobí" i;ÍKaBHH pjia Hac He tíjibkh 3míct, a rojiOBHe KeHHH), mp HaraflyG noaaTOK „MojieHH.fi", a noTiM noHHHac „cniBaTH" n.ap JX&BHp: „3acnÍBaHMo Becejio, npyjKHHO, niceHb cboron,HÍ, njian BinKJianJM Ta noTiniMocb" — MOBHTb jHaBHDj y npeicnonmM nenjii chhhhh, HaKJiap,aK)MH MHorooaHTi nepcTH (Tan!) Ha jkhbí CTpyHH i B^apHB y rycjia i mobhb: „Hp aac BecejiHH HacTaB, np npHHuiOB fleHb cnacemKi! Bo ayio BHce nacrapiß, inp rpaiOTb y BepTeni, ix rojioc npoxonHTb CKpÍ3b neKejibHi Bopora. Í PO ByX MOIX «OXOAHTb. Hyio BJKe Tynir nepcbKHX KOHeá, AKHMH napH Be3yTb bojixbh Bip cboíx ijapiß n,apeBÍ HeÖecHoiny, hhhí HapoRJKeHOMy Ha 3eMJii... A noro MH, n,pyjKHH0, SaraTo rhíb neKajin... Horo MaTH-nÍBHH,H cnoBHBae nejiioniKaMH, mp bíh caM cnoBHBaG He6o xMapaiwH, a 3eMJiK> TyMaHOM ..." (cxoace b KnpHjia TypiBCBKoro). SOS npOpOKH CKapJKaTtCH: A xTo MOJKe Bin, Hac HoMy BÍCTB npHHecTH? BopOTa MiflflHi, Bepei 3ajii3Hi, 3aMKH KaM'íIHÍ, KpinKO 3anenaTaHi... 3BopyniJiHBa CKapra A^ana, 60 bíh i ôoro HamaflKH b Ty3i híh i b 06113i ôaraTo jiít ... KopoTKHH nac cbítjio tbog 6aHHB, a ue BHce cohh.h TBoro npecBÍTJioro He 6any ôaraTO jiít, am 6ypi BÍTpy He ayio . . . BoHce, He 6aanMo npoMeHHCToro TBoro cohh,h, aHÍ ÖJiaroflaTHoro TBoro CBÍTjia, Tyra Hac oxonnjia, 3 Hcajiio Hamoro mh 3acMyneHÍ... I o6pa3 cniBi^H, mo noKJianae najitni Ha „jkhbí" cTpyHH, Haranye „Cjiobo o nojiKy IropeBÍ", i caM nonaTOK — „ce 60 Bpeivr'a Becejio HacTa" — ,,y>Ke 60, OpaTie, HesecejiaH ro3HHa BBCTajia", a6o „Tyroio oflepjKHMtí ecMBi" — ,,Tyra yiďb nojioHHJia", „Yace, rocno^H, He BHflHMB CB^T03apHoro TBoero cojiHHa" — „y>Ke ne Bnacy BJiacra CHJibHoro h öoraToro ... 6paTa Moero" — ,,MHoro jií/rt b< o6h3T> ecMBi" — „oöihtb nopoJKJj;eHo" — u,e 3pi6m sóirn. Ajie saraJiBHHH tok neBHHx nacTHH Haraaye i „Cjiobo o nojiicy IropeBÍ" i „3pyjKHH-Hy" enřmy TpasHuiio, HKy 3ycTpinaGMo b neHKHX míchhx jiítohhcíb. „Cjiobo Aj4;aMa" 6yjio Bi^oMe Ha YRpami ia, 3naeTbca, 3HaHuijio BÍ3-ryK ru,e b Knpnjia TpaHKBijiioHa CTaBpoBeubKoro. 5. Menm HJKäBi íhhií TBopH, npo hkí MoHCHa ôyjio 6 Tyr 3ra-HaTH. PaHiuie 3ajiynajiH ÍH03Í 30 cTapoyKpaiHCbKoi* JiiTeparypu ,,Cjiobo o nornoejii pycbfcoi 3eMjii" 13 ct., hio 3enHM Hara^ye BCTyn 30 rajiHHBKO-BojiHHCBKoro JiÍTonHcy. Tßip HeBejíHKoro oôcary Ta, sir Tenep MOíKHa MaSace 3 neBHicTK) CKa3aTH, e jinnie BcrynoM 30 cbítcbkoí ôiorpacpií kh. OjieKcaH3pa HeBCbKoro, mo nocrajia Ha nÍB-Kom. Hobíthí npHnymeHHH pasjmcbKHX 3ocjií3hhkíb, ih,o aBTopoM iiieí ôiorpacpil e aBTop ôiorpacpií kha3h /JaHHjia TajiHUbKoro (b Ta- JIHHbKO-BoJIHHCbKOMy JIÍTOnHeÍ) DjijIKOM 6e3nÍ3CTaBHÍ. 20Jf Ihhihž, 6e3yMOBHO CTapně TBip — „Cjiobo Knpnaa cpiaocotpa" npo „Xmíjib", opHťiHajibHHH (popMOK) -— caru „Xmíjii," onoBiaac npo nnaiíTBO. Dpa TBip, 3 „KnpnaoM (piaocotpOM" (cjiob'hhcbkhm mícío-HepoM) Heivrae mnoro cniabHoro. npo fioro noxoaaceHHa BaacKO cKa3aTH moci. neBHe Ha niflCTaßi ni3Hix pyKormciB. JJp Toro pyKonncn nacTO MaiOTB pnca niBHiHHoi pociíícbKoi mobh. 3. JliTepatypa npaKTHHHoro npH3HaHeHHa 1. Tboph npaKTHHHoro npH3HaneHHH, po3yMÍGTbCH, nocTaiOTb i npoTaroM CToaiTb 12-ro Ta HacTynHHX. ,/JpHKÍ 3 hhx 3H0By Hajie-acHTb xon KopoTeHbKO 3raaaTH B icTopii KpacHoro nHCbMeHCTBa. MaöcTpoM MOJiHTOBHOi TBopnoCTH G HaiíamniHH nponoBÍAHHK noon, KHpmio TypiBCbKHH. HoMy HaaeacaTb mojihtbh Ha BBecb thhc-aeHb, nrp 3aaHHiHanca y BHCHTKy npoTaroM npBrnx cToaiTb. Ha ko-aceH neHb npH3HaneHo no Tpn a6o noTHpn MoaHTBH; noaiaem 3a neHHHMH cjiyacöaMH Eohchmh xa 3a bhhmh thhchh. B Heaijno MoaHT-bh 3BepHeni 30 CnacHTejiH Ta Tpiťnii, b noHeaiJioK — 30 HHroaiB, y BÍBTopoK — 30 cb. IoaHa XpHCTHxejiH, b eepeay — np Bojkoi MaTepi i t. j\. Hicaa kohíhoí MoaHTBH fiae „noxBajia", a Ha kíhit,í — ayMKH npo CMepTb, cTpaniHHH cya Ta ManSyraG acHTTH. KpiM Toro, KnpH-aoBi npHnncyBaHo „noKaaHHHH KaHOH". Ochobhhh nacTpiä MoaHTOB — noBHa HenpcTOHHicTb aioflHHH nepea oßannnaM cBaToro. JIionHHy KnpHao 3MaabOByG b cxam noBHoro 3aHenaay, 3 aKoro HeMac imnoro BHXo^y, HK Boaca aacKa, np hkoi KHpnao i 3BepTaeTbca. Ocb ypHBKH .* Ha He6o oHHwta noaHBHTHca He eMiio: 60 Tiao nopaHHB 3jio6ok>, am pyK niHHecTH 30 bhcoth: 60 noBHi anxoiMaHHa, aHi ycTa bíakphth Ha MoaHTBy: 60 Bia 3ao'i mobh 3anraaHCH, 3iflXHyTH He Moacy Bia caM03BeaHneHHH, cepnp oOthhíhb tohhoio iaceio, ayniy 3aTbMapHB HeMHaocepanM, Tiao 3acaa6HB amoinaMH, Horn cniTKHyancb nepe3 KaMiHb aioöoBH a° Hacoaoan, Byxa BianpHB RJisi cayxaHHa KopoTKonacoBoi noxBaan, jinnp bkphb 6e3copoMHÍCTio, CMopia moIx flia nonyBaiOTb HÍ3api moi, Becb a — aK aepeßo HenaiaHe, a6o HK xpaM nopoacHÍH ... 3a0aÍH MOGl ayniH KpHGTbCH b CepiTÍ MOGMy, neKawHH BianoBiaHoro ^acy, 60 6anHTb MeHe He oropoaateHoro MoaHTBoio, Ta CTpeMHTb MaJIHH MaGTOK MOGl Bipn noKpacTH... 205 Knpnao npoxaG b Eoacol JiacKH 3axHCTy, chjih onaaicaTH cboi rpixH, BHJliKyBaTHCH, BÍflHOBHTHCH Ta OCBHTHTHCH, flOnOMOm IipOTH BOpOra flHABOJia , .. IJi MOJiHTBH — bhhb acKeTHMHoro CBiToraany Ta HacTpo-iB KnpHJia, acKeTa-noflBHHCHHKa, bhhb cnpaBacHboro pejiiriÖHoro JIÍpH3My. Ilopyq acKeTHHHHx mojihtob Knpnaa 36epirca 3 12 CToaiTTH „KaHOH" CB. Ojii>3Í, nHcaHHH MOJKanBo Teac Khphjiom. IJe — no-xBaabHHÖ KaHOH 30bcím iHiuoro CTnaio Ta HacTpoio. IIoxBaaH Ojib3Í cnoay^em 3 noxBajiaMH XpncTOBi Ta EoroponHni. Abtop npnHocHTh CBarifi „noxBaabHi kbíth". CßaTy Cvrtry nopiBHioGTbca 3 „po3yMHOio ßnatoaoio", mo 3jiÍTaG Ha icpnaax, nocpiÖJieHHX oxpnmeHHHM na najibMy („(pHHHKb") npöpoaHHy romp. Tßip nnxac ypoancTHM pa- H.ÍCHHM HaCTpOGM. I b noxBajiLHOMy icaHOHi i b MOJiHTBax HHMaao rapHHx noeTHa-HHX o6pa3ÍB, mo xapaKTepH3yioTi> i nponoBini Knpnaa. Hanp., „yace ßßHb cxnaaGTbca, i cohikí Biinye ronHHy Beaipmo", rpixoBHi bmhh- KH JIIOßHHH - „3JIÍ MHTapi, IHO CHflHTb 6ÍJIH. BOpÍT HeÖeCHHx" TOIHO. 2. 3ajiHiiiHBCíi ohhh Tßip ôorocjioBCbKoro xapaKTepy, i Bia, a,py-roro caaBHoro b 12-My bíijí nncbMeHHHKa KanMa CMoaaTH^ia. Up — Soro aHCT 30 Xomh. Čík noBinycMoca 3 caMoro ancTa, n,e ■—- anrue oflHH 3 ancTÍB KaHMa. XoMa 3aKHna,B KaHMOBi, mo bíh yBaacac ce6e 3a „i-3io;iorÍB", ,,OjieKcaH3pÍGio". IIoeTHHHi onoßinaHHa npo ajiKioHa (3h-Moponica), exioHa — MopcBKy TBapnHy, mo nepenayBac 6ypio, ca-jiflMaHflpy toiho, npHKpaniyioTi. upil TBip, m,o híhihob 30 Hac, Ha acara., jinnie b nepepo6n;i aKorocB hchim Ao^aHacia. 3na.GTBca, mp CHMBoaiaHe BHTOBMa^eHHa cb. IlHCBMa 6yao BaacTHBicno Kh'íbcbkoí niKoan b npoTnaeaíHÍCTB íhuihm HanpaMaM, HaBÍTB oí|)íd;íhhíh Tôni Tenii BÍ3aHTÍHCBKoi n,epKOBHoi 6orocaoBÍi. JIhct KaHMa 6yB He grhhhm TBopoivr, mo HacainyBaB BÍ3aHTÍo-ci.ixy (popMy nHTaHB-BiflnoBifliB. IIÍ3HÍnie n,a (popRia BnanHyaa ä Ha HapoAHy caoBecHicTB (n.yxoBHy niCHio). ^o peai, nemo Bin, KaHMa 3aaHiHHaocH i b ohhíh HOBroponcBKiik naM'aTiji, TaK 3B. ,,3annTaH-häx KnpHKa" (necB Miac 1130-56 pp.). U,e — 36ipKa nnTaHB nepKOB-HO-npaKTH^Horo xapaKTepy. 3annTye hkhhcb KnpnK, BinnoBinaiOTb fioMy 3ne6iaBiiia GnncKon HOBroponcbKHH Hn(poHT, aae n mmi, m. íh. „KaHM", — MaôyTB, toh caMnii KaHM CMoaaTHH. JliTepaTypna (popMa ancTa KaHMa Ta ,,3anHTaHB KnpHKa" (no-CKiaBKH Ha hhx BinnoBinac KaHM), Ha acaaB, He MoacyTB h&m Maä-ace HiHoro CKa3aTH npo aiTepaTypHe bmíhhh KaHMa: b oôox MacMO cnpaBy anuie 3 nyMKaMH, a He 3 (popMoio BHKaany nepBÍCHoro TeKCTy. 3. ,Ho HeBinoMoi HaM no3a thm ccpepn aÍTepaTypHoro aíHTTa ne-peHocHTB Hac „nocaaHHa" aKorocB l30CHMa n,o AHacTacii. BnnaBenB nocaaHHH, CoöoaeBCBKHH, yBaacaB, inp Tßip „I3 o c h m a" b híhchocth noxoHHTB Bin, „CnMaHa" (CnMOHa) — onHoro 3 äBTOpiB IlaTepHKa, a AHacTacia — g Ta KHarHHa AHacTacia-BepxycaaBa, 3 hkoio Ch-moh 3a BaacHHM ooro cBi^HeHHaM ancTyßaBca. nocaaHHa KOMniaa-THBHe. Abtop Haranye cboíh ,„nyxoBHÍH npHitf", in,o e aepHnn,eio, npHKaann cbhthx hííhok (cKaaneHO 3a „MmesMH" Ta „IIpoaoroM"), a noTÍM Haranye npo CTpaniHHÖ Cyn. (BHKopncTaBnin onHy npono-BiflB CnMOHa MeconoTaMCBKoro). B KoacHOMy pa3i, „nocaaHHa" íh-(popMyG Hac npo xapaKTep Toro npHBamoro noBnaaBHoro anc-TyBaHHH, mo rpac b icTopii noôoacHOCTH 3BHHanH0 BH3HäHHy poaio Ta npo aKe mh b CTapifi YKpaiHi no3a ijhm MaSace Hinoro He 3HacM0. 4. IIpoBanHTBCH naai npana nan. KOMniaaTHBHHMH íctophhhhmh TBopaMH — ,,XpoHorpa(paMH" {hhb. I. 3. 5). PÍ3HÍ ix Tnnn BHKopnc-TOByioTB a6o nepeBaacHo rpeuBKi xpoHiKH („EaHHCBKnn Ta Phm-cbkhh JliTormceiíB", nepnia pen.aKn.iH áoro KHiBCBKoro noxonaceHHH, 207 flpyra — 13 ct. — Cy3flajiL.ct.Ka), aöo Bißjiiio („K)fleäcbKHfi xpo-Horpa(p"). He 3'acoBaHo, hkhm xpOHorpacpoM KopncTaBca aBTop oiorpatpií kh. /JaHnaa (bíh 3raayG xpoHorpacp Ta, 3flaGTbca, yacHB öoro) — up MyciB 6yTH TBip opnrmaabHoro rany. 3a icTopnaHHH Tßip Moaoia BBaacaTH TaKoac „TojiKOByio na-Jieio" — KOMeHTOBaHHH BHKJiaa, Graporo 3aBÍTy flo AaBHfla 3 nojie-míkok) npoTH lOfleficbKoi pejiirií. Mmobípho BOHa nocTaaa b 13 ct. (xoh neaKi b^eHi BBajKaiOTE. ií 3a flaaeKO paminno TBip). He pamnie kíhuh 13 ct. nocTajiH Ha 6ijiopycbKÍo TepHTopii „CaoBa cbhthx npo-POKÍb", ih;o nponoBHcyiOTb TeHfleHniio „naaei" Ha flaabinoMy MaTe-piaai. 5. JXeui,o BapTo 3ranaTH i b raay3i nepKOBHoi Ta CBÍTCbKo-npaK-thhhoí jiiTepaTypH. Up nepeBaacHo jihcth icpapxiß. JXo CTapiiuHx na-m'htok HajieacaTb nocjiaHHa «J>eoflOcia (ÖMOßipHo „<í>efloca-rpeKa") flo kh. l3'acaaBa II (12 ct.) npoTH KaToannTBa Ta b cnpaBi nocTis. PaHiiue npnnncyBaHo ix cb. «reoflocicßi. ni3HÍiui nocaaHHa MHTpo-noaHTÍB nncaHO Bace b Cy3naai. řOpnanaHi naM'aTKH, roaOBHe „rpaMora", niKaßi flaa icTopn-Ka arrepaTypH moboio ia neaKHM nopiBHaabHHM MaTepiaaoM flo na- m'flTOK KpaCHOrO IIHCbMeHCTBa. I. 3HaneHHH jirrepaTypn cTapoKHH3ÍBci>KOÍ apÖH 1. Moace 3flaBaTHca, mo npacTapa airepaxypa He Mac flaa Haiuoi cyaacHOCTH BeaHKoro 3HaneHHa Ta He Maaa öoro h flaa 16-17 bb., He KaacyaH Bate npo „BiflpoflaceHHa" 19 ct. IH,onpaßfla, Hepi/mo no-CHaaioTbCH Ha CTapy aiTeparypy Ta KyabTypy b cynepenKax 3 thmh. xto cyMHÍBaGTbca b icHyBaHHi yKpai'HCbKoi aiTepaTypHoi, KyabTypHoi Ta HaijioHaabHoi Tpaflnnii. Aae ne g apryjvieHT cnpaMOBaHnä 3ne-ôiabina npoTH noraHo noimpopMOBaHnx ayaíHHUÍB. A caMi yKpamni, ib;o KopHCTaiOTbca uhm apryMeHTOM, mi 3HaiOTb bohh floßpe CTapo-yKpaiHCbKy aiTepaTypy? Ha acaab, He 3aBacfln, He 3Baaiaio*iH Ha HiKiabHy ocBÍTy. BnKaaflH CTapoi aiTepaTypn a6o 3aHan,To cneniaab-hí (rpyineBCbKHÖ, Bo3hhk) aöo njaKOM noöiacHi i flo Toro Maöace He 3ynHHHioTbca Ha cyTO-aiTepaTypHHx BaacTHBocTax CTapoi arrepa-TypH, BHKaanaioHH annie ii pa Haninx cyaacmiKiB nacTo Maaoni- KaBHH 3MÍCT. TOMy HepiflKO flOBOflHTbCH HyTH HEBÍTb Bifl „OÖOpOHHJB" yKpai'HCbKoi aiTepaTypHoi TpaflHn.il, mo, KpiM „CaoBa o noaKy Irope-bí" (npo aKe, Ha acaab, nonyaapHi Ta flnaeraHTCbici TBopn po3noBcio-flnan ^nivraao cyMHÍBHHx, a to h niaKOM xhôhhx BiflOMocTeö), He 3acayroByc Ha yßary MOflepHoro aHTaaa. A TaKHÖ noraafl g BaacHe HeťyBaHHHM yKpamcbKoi' aiTepaTypHoi Tpaflnnii, 208 Tum nacoM icTopHHHa Tpapnuia g 3'flBHine BejiHKoi Barn. BoHa G HHHHä B Hailliä cy^aCHOCTH, HaBlTb KOJIH MH 11 MajIO nOMÍHaGMO ľa CBinoMo He njieKacMo. Kpi3b yci nojiÍTHHHÍ Ta Kyjibiypm 3míhh icTopH^He MHHyjie HenyTHo pjin Byxa npoMOBjiHG po kohíhoi jiiophhh. b cynacHOCTi hhhhí He jiHuie tí peniTKH, mo b paMKax HapopHoro noôyxy Ta dpojiKJibopy npoTpHMajiHCH npoTHroM ctojiítb po Hainoi POÖH. npOMOBJIHG MHHyjie í Hepe3 3BHHaHHÍCÍHbKy MOBy nOBCHKfleH-HOrO JKHTTH, npOMOBJIHG BOHO í Hepe3 yCÍ 3MÍHH ípeOJIOrÍH, npOMOBJIHG BOHo i b Haq,ioHajibHOMy xapaKTepi, hkhh bhpoÖhbch nip BnjiHBOM ycix MHHyjiHx enox i íctoph^ihhx nopiö. H He pyMaio, mo u,eň ,,Ha-popHHÖ xapaKTep" jierKO pocjiíphth Ta BH3HanHTH HayKOBHMH dpop-MyjiaMH: HaBnaKH, h HaBiTb Maio npHHHHnoBi cyMHÍBH mppo mohí- jihbocth TaKOro pOCJlipHCeHHH Ta TaKOrO (pOpMyjHOBaHHfl, He JIHHie pjiH HaniHx phíb. a h B3arajii. Ajie neíí HamoHajibHHH xapaKTep g Ta „HeBÍpoMa" CHJia, mO BHHBJIHGTbCH B yCbOMy ÍKHTTÍ KOHCHOrO Ha- popy, b fioro ycnixax Ta HeinacTHx, b fioro po3BHTKy hh nipynapi. 1. P03yMÍGTbCH, HaÖÖijIbHie 3HaneHHH MaiOTb pjIH BHpOÔJieHHH HamoHajibHoro xapaKTepy Ta íctophhhhx chji, mo BnjiHBaiOTb i pajii, caMe ÔJiHCKyni, BejíHKi enoxn MHHyjioro. 2. JlŕrepaTypa 11-13 bb. i g b icTopii yKpamcbKoi KyjibTypn op-HOK> 3 TaKHx BHpiuiajibHHx KyjibTypHHx enox. nopyn He'i MOHce CTaTH jiňme 16-17 bb., p e jih th bh o pajieKO hhjkhí, a nonacTH 19 bík, BnjIHB HKOro 3'HCOByGTbCH i THM, w,0 BÍH G JIHUie HepaBHG MHHyjie. CaMHÖ dpaKT xpHCTHHHÍ3an,i'í Kpai'HH i 6e3nocepepHÍii 3a uhm P03BHT0K niHpOKOÍ OÖCHTOM Ta rjIHÖOKOl 3MÍCTOM Í KpaCHOÍ (pOpMOK) jiiTepaTypn bhhbhb i BHyTpiniHi mojkjihboctí Hapopy i ôoro 3pi6mcTb 3aCBOITH UÍHHOCTÍ HyHCOÍ Ta BHIUOl KyjibTypn. UpH KyjIbTypHHH po3- kbít Kyp h BaHCJiHBiniHÖ, amjK THMHacoBHO nojiiTHHHHH Ta roenopapcb-khh THx naciB. KniBCbKa poôa 6yjia npHGpHaHHHM YKpaiHH po Tpa-pnuji eBponeöcbKoro KyjibTypHoro cBÍTy. 3paGTbCH, HHTaneBi MycHTb ynce 6yTH hchí bcjihkí ycnixn cjio-BecHoro MHCTen,TBa cxapoKHH3ÍBCbKoi po6n: po3bhtok mobh, jiiTepa-TypHoro cthjiio Ta 3acBOGHHH jiiTepaTypoio neBHoro KOMnjieKcy 3a-rajibHOjnopcbKHx TeM. JJo peni, Monaia 6yjio 6 nipKpecjíHTH, mo pe-nepTyap JiiTepaTypHHx TBopiß b CBOGMy xapaKTepi, a nonacTH i b koh-KpeTHHx TBopax BipnoBÍpaB Ha3araji jiiTepaTypHOMy penepTyapoBÍ JiiTepaTypn paHHboro cepepHbOBÍHHH Ha 3axopi. IIInpoTa Ta pÍ3Ho-MamTHicTb jiiTepaTypHoro penepTyapy cTapoi YKpamn BpajKaiOTb, HaBiTb Tenep, kojih ßaraTo TBopiß 6e3yMOBHo BTpaneHO. I h,h pyxoBHa niproTOBa, paHHH po3piJiicTb, He Morjia 3aTepTHca fi npoTnroM MeHui macjiHBHx KyjibTypHo cTopŕq. CaMe Tpapnuin cTapo'i JiiTepaTypn 3po- ÖHJia MOHÍJIHBHM Í HeCnopÍBaHHH, XOH i He TaKHH 6JIHCKyHHH, HOBHÍÍ po3BHTOK Ha Mead 16-17 bb. Ta 3HOBy Ha íhhiíh mobhíh ochobí b 19 b. 209 n,ÍKaBjiHHHCH MHHyjiHM, po3yMÍ6Tbca, He Tpeöa 3anjiK>myBaTH onen. i Ha BHyTpiuiHio híhhíctb apcarHeHb tígí a6o tígí enoxn: Kpaea Ta npHHaniricTb ôaraTbox TBopiß 11-13 bb. g oö'gkthbhhh cpaKT. 3. IIpoTe, KOJKHa np6a Mac cboí cjiaöocTi Ta cboí xh6h. CTapo-KHH3ÍBCBKa np6a, nonpH bcí cboí TBopni ycnixn, 3ajiHUiHJia HeBHKO-pHCTaHOK) HíOHafiMeHHie oflHy raay3b KyjiLTypHoi tbophocth, niiab-Ho noB'fl3aHy b tí nacH 3 JiÍTepaTypoio — HayKOBy niaabmcTb. Jlniue He3HaHHi peiHTKH njOHijiH no Hac Bifl hkhxocb Tenep yace HeacHHx nonaTKÍB 11: He po3BHHyaHca aHi cnpoön caMocTiÖHoro SorocaoßCb-Koro MHcaeHHH (Kjihm Cmojihthh), aHi nonaTKH cbítcbkhx, „3ob-íhihhíx", hk Toni Ka3ajiH HayK. TyT He Mierke roBopHTH npo npn-MHHH hígí caaÖKocTH CTapoyKpamcBKoi KyjitTypn. B KoatHOMy pasi, BOHH BaJKKO n03HaMHJIHCH Ha HaCTynHHX CTOJliTTflX: KOJKeH KpOK y híh rajiy3i KynyBaBca BeaHKHM HanpyaceHHaM Ta iiomhjikcIMh i He-noTpiÔHHMH yxHaaMH b6ík. JliTepaiypa 6yaa nepeBaacHo ccpepoio peairiÖHHx Ta ecTeTH^HHx einoiim, a He nyMKH. — Bpanyc b CTapiä airepaTypi ine onHÍGÍ cepepn, cepepn cyô'cKTHBHHx, 30KpeMa epoTHM-HHX nepeacHBaHL. Jlnnie HaTHKH Ha Hei 36eperanca b pOMam npo JXitemca, b „Cjiobí o noaKy Iropeßi" („naan" HpocaaBHH), b Tpo-aHCbKiS icTopii, b „OaeKcaHnpii'', HaßiTi> y neaKHX onoßinaHHax na-TepHKÍB (MoHceik YrpHH y „IleMepcbKOMy naTepHKy"). MoacaHBo, mp MOTHBH cyö'GKTHBHoro xapaKTepy BHKopHCTOByBaHo annie b He-nncaHHx Tßopax, npo iCHyBaHHa hkhx 3HacMo 3 pecpaeKciß cTaporo enocy b cpoaKabopi: mothbh cyô'cKTHBHHx epothhhhx nepeacn-BaHb 3ycTpinaGMo b „CTapHHax" npo Hypnay, npo Coaoß'a Bynn-MHpoBH^a, MoacaHBo, mp nneam TBopn TaKoro xapaKTepy 3arHHyan nepe3 He3po3yMÍHHH aôo HeraTHBHe CTaBaeHHH np hhx nÍ3HÍniHX nepenncyBaniB, roaoBHe HeHirÍB. Aae np Hac niíiniaH anme TBopn, b HKHx cy6'gkthbhí nepeatHBaHHa MaiOTb Maöace BHKaiOMHO peairiá-HHH, 3piflKa cyTo-MopaabHHH xapaKTep (nemo b „IIoyMeHHi" Boao-flHMHpa MoHOMaxa, b onoBÍn.aHHÍ npo ocainaeHHa BacnabKa, npo IropÍB noxin, b KniBCbKOMy aiTonnci toiuo). CTapoyKpaiHCbKa ařre-paTypa i b HbOMy ßinmnia 3a 3axinHK). CnepenaTHca Moaoia i npo no3HTHBHe a6o HeťaTHBHe 3HaneHHa noBHoro nepexony Ha caoB'aHCbKy, 30 Toro HeHaponHy MOBy. Hen nepexin, pÍ3Ko 3acyn.HaH b 19 ct. poMaHTHKH (Kyaini) i Moace nie rocTpiuie ,,peaaicTH"-HapoflHHKH (C. GcppeMOB). 3 HayKOBoro no-raany nepeoiabnieHO-HeťaTHBHy onÍHKy naß poai iiepKOBHOcaoB'aH-cbKoi MOBH A. BpiOKHep. HeMac cyMHißy, qo noro apryMeHTH fíiabui BHnpaBnam. IIo BCbOMy eßponeficbKOMy cbítí aiiepaTypHoio moboio b nepnii nacn po3BHTKy 3aaHUiHaaca BeaHKOK) Mipoio aaTHHa, mp He nepeniKOHHjia nÍ3HÍnie po3bhtkobí aiTepaiypn HaponHHMH MOBa-MH, a 3 npyroro 6oKy öaraTO cnpHMHHHaaca np KyabTypHoro po3- 210 BHTKy, aaBiuH KOJKHOMy HapoflOBi 6e3nocepeflHÍfi npHCTyn flo CKapÖ-HHni aHTHHHOi KyabTypn. Ha yKpami JiaTHHy b HopMajibHOMy po3-BHTKy HaneBHe 3acTynnaa 6 rpenbKa MOBa. He BapTO raflara, jikhh 6h up Majio BiijiHB Ha KyjibTypHHŮ po3BHTOK, aae 6e3 cyMHÍBy, ne 3 caMoro noaaTKy BiflKpHJio 6 xoa 6h h oÖMeaceHHM KOJiaM, npncTyn flo me öararimoi KyjibTypHo'i ctpepn, híhí flaBajia jiaTHHa. OflHaae, 3HaHHH rpeiibKOi mobh He 6yjio TaKe Majie, jik n,e nacTo raflaioxb, npo ne CBiflnaTb xo*i 6h HHcaemn nepeKJiaflH, 3po6jieHi aa< flo 13 ct. he yKpami. Ta Bee ac BOHa 3aaHniHaaca mobok» HeBejiHKOi KijibKocra cpaxiBniB. U,i KOJia b 14 ct. 3By3HjiHca. 3 14 BÍKy noHHHacTbca caMocTiíiHHH KyjibTypHHH inaax YKpa-Ihh, BiflipBaHHH Bifl 3araabHo-eBponeHCbKoro. He po3BHHyjiaca am annapcbKa, aHi flBipcbKa arrepaTypa, xoq fleam nonaTKH oôox Ha-npaMiB noMirai me b 12 b. JiiTepaTypa 3aaHnraaa Mafiace npoTaroM Tpbox cToaiTb flaa ceôe nepeBaacHO peairiimy ccpepy, aae 6e3 cnpoö 3aCBOGHHH raHÖUIHX niflCTaB piairiHHOi flyMKH, 6o TaKe 3aCBOGHHfl MoacaHBe anme Ha rpyHTi xo*i 6h h oÖMeaceHoi caMocTiÖHoi TBop- HOCTH. TaK aiTepaTypHe hchtth npHÖinao flo neBHoi CTarHairii, aKy, monpaBfla, híhk He mohícmo nopiBHaTH 3 6e3npHKaaflHOK> cTaťHa- nÍGIO CyciflHbOi MOCKOBCbKOl aÍTepaTypH. nOTpiÖHHH 6yB HKHHCb HO- bhh nonaTOK. Bíh npHHmoB no HeBflaanx cnpoöax 14-15 ct. ihoíího HanpHKmnj 16 ct. III. JIITEPATyPA 14-15 BIKIB 1. 14-15 bb. npHHecjiH YKpaiHi nojiiTiWHo SaraTO HOBoro. Biab-nia nacTHHa yicpaiHCbKHX 3eMeab yBiäuuia np cnaany JIhtobcbko-PycbKoi Ta ELojiBCbKOi .HepacaBH. H,a 3MiHa npHHecjia neBHi nincTaBH naa KyjibTypHoro 3HHaceHHa. He öyao öancKy^hx khh3ibclkhx hbo-piB; yKpama söinHiaa Ta Ha neaKHH nac yTpaTHJia HaBiTb MHTpo-nojiHTa, mp nepeHic cboio ctojihh;k) np Mockbh. Ajie KyjibiypHa Tpa-flHiiifl 3ajiHHiHjiacH CTapa, i jinnie noMajiy nonajin npHxonHTH HOBi iiobibh 3 Bi3aHTii, a ni3Hiuie i 3 3axony. Bi^ jiiTepaTypn mix nacis 3ÖeperjiocH HeöaraTO, nonacTH 3 30BHinimx npnmiH: Hanann TaTap, nonii 17 ct., a MaöyTb, rojioBHe — ÖannyadcTb ni3HimHx naciß, naa akhx CTapa jiiTepaTypa BTpaTHJia aKTyajibHicTb. CnpHHHHHJiHca np 3arH6ejii crapoi JiiTepaTypn i po3MipHo xyTKHii po3bhtok npyKy b 16-17 bb. Ta nepexin. MHMajioi nacTHHH npnponHHX naa thx naciß jii-TepaTypHHx MenpHariB — hijihxth, 30 KaToannBicoro Ta nojibCbKoro Taöopy. 3arHHyjiH Ha yicpami Toni nonacTH fi TBopn CTapoi npÖH, inp sajiHmHjiHCH b BinnHcax jinme Ha niBHoai*. I ,,BiApo,ipKeHHH'' arre-paTypHe 16-17 bb. nimjio nonacTH 3 CTaporo KopeHa. CTHjiicTHHHoro OHOBjieHHfl 14-15 bb. He npHHecan. npoTe, npa-H.5I aiTepaTopiB nboro nacy cTHJiicTHMHO ,,HeBHpa3Ha", TparaTb -re HCKpaBe oßjIHHHH, HKe MaJIH CTapOKHH3iBCbKi HaCH. 3 HOBHX ineoao- ri^HHx Teniä, hk noßannMo, Hi o/ma He 3Morjia npcarHyTH mnpoKoro BnaHBy. G HHMajio inyKaHB, ani He npHBonaTb np cTaanx pe3yab- TaTiB. 2. MacTHHa aiTepaTypHoi niaabHocTH g npana Han. yTpHMaHHHM CTapoi TpaflHijii. H.h npaiia 6e3 mnpoKHx nepcneKTHB cxonHTb no-nacTH Ha KoniioBaHHa Ta penaryBaHHa cTapnx naM'aTOK. CKaana-k)Tb MoanTOBHHKH 3 yacHTKOM MoaHTOB MicnpBoro noxonaceHHH (Hanp., Knpnaa TypiBCbKoro), npnoBHioioTb napeMiHHHK, pi3Hi 36ip-hhkh nponoBinen. nepepoöaioiOTb moni BHKaan., a moni ö MOBy, Ha-6anacaiOHH ff 30 HaponHoi, aK Hanp., b „Mmei" 1489 p., mo 3öepe- *) Toä tjpaicT, mo TBopn JiiTepaTypn 11-13 bb. 36eperjiHCH no^acTH JiHine Ha niBHo^i, ^acTo BJKHBaBCH hk ,,flOKa3", mo hh CTapa JiiTepaTypa e „pociöcb-Ka" (b ceHci „BejiHKopociftcbKa"). 3 TaKoro norjiHAy MOJKHa 6yjio 6 aoboahth mo ö iHMajia nacTHHa cTapoöojirapcbKHx TBopiß, mo Teac 3öeperJiacH jiniiie y pociHH, e TBopn „pocificbKoii" JiiTepaTypH, a6o TpeGa 6 öyjio BH3HaTH „yKpa'iH-cbkhmh" Ti naia'htkh pociöcbKo'i JiiTepaTypn, mp 36eperjiHCH JiHine Ha yicpami (Hanp., TBGpCbKHg JiiTonnc). 212 raaca b öijiopycBKOMy Biannci 3 yKpamebKoro TeKCTy. Pa30M 3 thm cnpomyiOTB cTHjiicTHKy Ta KOMno3Hu;iio (Ta caMa „Mmea", HOBa pe-aaKitia „CKHTCBKoro üaTepHKa"). J-Jeani TBopn npnoBHeHo hobhm, noaacTH ifleojioriaHO-HOBHM MaTepiaaoM, Hanp., KnGBo-IIeaepCbKHH IlaTepHK. BiflnHcyiOTB oöcaacm naM'HTKH; JIítoiihc, IlaTepHK, xpoHo-rpacpH, po3yMÍGTBCH, i öorocayatÖoBy jiiTepaTypy. 3. 15 BÍK npHHOCHTB neaKÍ Ha30BHÍ HOBÍ pněn: p03BHBaGTbCH njiHHHiuie, jierine ühcbmo, 3'hbjihk)tbch hobí opHaMeHTajiBHi npn-KpacH, nocHjiiOGTtcH BnjiHB niBHeHHocjioB'flHCBKHx eaeMeHTÍB y npa-BonHci. /íajieKo BajKjiHBiniHH npnnaHB hobhx naar'aTOK peairiÖHoi ai-TepaTypn. ripHxonaTb 3 caoß'aHCbKoro nißflHH naßmine HeBinpini tbo-pn, t. 3B. ,,AeponarÍTHKH", TBopn Bacnaia BejiHKoro, Icaica Ch-pHHa (Cnpioiifl), Abbh JJopocpea, CnaieoHa HoBoro EorocaoBa, TpHropia CHHa'rra, rpnropia IlaaaMH, KaßacijiH, MaKCHMa Icnoßia-HHKa, neaKi hobí oôpoÓKH (,,JIíctbhh,h") , yHHTejiBHi GBaHrejiii (TeKcr 3 noacHeHHHMH), hobí jkhtíh. Mohuihbo, mo neaKi 3 h,hx TBopiß 6y-jiH BinoMi íi naBHime, ajie npHnjiHB hoboí jiiTepaxypn 6e3cyMHÍBHHH. BeJIHKOK) MÍpOK) U.H HOBa JlÍTCpaTypa G bhhbom Toro öojirapcB- Koro jiiTepaTypHoro pyxy, hkhh 3ß'a3aHHÖ 3 ím'hm naTpiapxa GßdpH-míh THpHÍBCbKoro (naxpiflpx nicjia 1372 p.), m,o 3anpoBan,HB hobhh npaBonHC, mo n6aB npo tohhíctb nepeKaany, any bíh po3yMÍB aK npcaiBHy 6aH3BKÍCTB ap opnriHaay; mo BHMaraB nepeßipKH CTapnx nepeKaanÍB Ta 3yMÍB yTBopnTH niKoay nepeKaanaaiB, „cnpaBiuHKiß" Ta nepenncyBaaiB, mo TpHMaanca öoro BKa3ÍB0K. Xoa Gb(J)hmíh xo-tíb cnnpaTHCb Ha „HaÖTOHiny Ta HaňnpHGMHiuiy MOBy pycBKy" (Hep- KOBHOCaOB'aHCbKy, 3 CxiaHBOCaOB'HHCBKHM 3a6apBaeHHHM), TBOpH öoro iHKoaH BH3HaaaK)Tbca, 3po3yMÍao, aHMaaHM yxnaoM Bin, hísi Bace flocHTb MicneBo 3a6apBaeHOi mobh yKpai'HCbKoI aiTepaTypn ni3-Hbo-KHH3ÍBCbKoi npÖH. JXo Toro öoro npaBonHC 6yB naa cxinmx cao-B'an ayacHH, öoro npHHUHnn aiTepaabHoro nepeKaany poSnan mo By BaacKOK) Ta Maao3po3yMiaoio. BeaHKHÖ biijihb öoro pedpopMH Ha Cxoni MoacHa 3'acyBaTH BeaHKOK) Mipoio 3aHenanoM mícibbboi aiTe-paTypHoi TBOpaOCTH. 4. BnjiHB THpHÍBCbKoI HiKOaH noHiHpHB Ha YKpami MHTpono-aHT KnnpiaH (b Khgbí Bace Koao 1373-4 p.), nepeKaanaubKy Ta ne-penncyBaabHy niaabmcTb, aKoro noci Maao npcainaíeHo. A roaoBHy poaio BinirpaB öoro ponna FpHropiö IJaMÖaaK, mo Ha 3aKaHK Knn-piaHa BHÔpaBca aepe3 YKpaiHy Ha Biaopycb no Mockbh, MoacaHBO, poKH 1407-10 nepeöyßaB necb Ha YKpami aôo Ha JIhtbí, b 1415 p. 3po6HBca npaBOcaaBHHM MHTponoaHTOM b rtoabiui Ta JIhtbí, aae „btík Bin. npecToaa apxHepeöcbKoro" Ha BoaHHb b 1419-20 p., 60 CTaHOBHiue öoro 3axHTaaoca: HOMy 3aKHnaaH KaToanri;bKÍ CHMnarii. 213 3HaneHHH KnnpiaHa, MaöyTb, öiabine b 3anpoBanaceHHÍ hobhx jiiTepaTypHHX TBopiB ôoarapcbKoro noxonaceHHH Ta b nepeKaan,an,b-kíh npan,i. A rpHropiíi, 3a nacH CBoro nepeôyBaHHH Ha YKpaiHi, Ha-nncaB KiatKa TBopÍB HHMaaoi aiTepaTypHo'i BapTOCTH: noxBaatHi caoBa GB(pHMÍGBÍ, KnnpiaHOBi Ta cb. TJ^hmhtpígbí, n'nxb nponoBipeS, cnoBinaHHH Bipn Ta hbí npoMOBH Raa KoHCTaHn,bKoro coöopy; i ňoro H,aBHÍIHÍ TBOpH, HMOBÍpHO, CTaaH bíhomí Ha YKpaiHi. CtHJIÍCTHHHO Ta KOMno3Hi^ÍHHO BOHH HaranyiOTb TBopn Knpnaa TypiBCbKoro. TyT i CHMBoaiKa: h3hk KnnpiHHa — aacepejio, kojih boho no noro CMepxn ycoxao, noBncnxaao & jihcth nepeB, ôoro ayxoBHoro ciana. KnnpiaH — „coaoBeíÍKo nepKOBHHŽ"; 6í6jiíhhí nopiBHHHHa (naan Han, Kh-npiaHOM — naan BaBHaoHCbKHÖ), i naTeinnm 3aKJiHKH, i roaocm-Ha (3HOBy naan EoropojiHui!), i ÍHoni onncH npnponH: Hanp., npm nicaa nocyxn: Pasp-BuiHca 6e3npacn,He, HacKopo oTBep3oniaca xaaôn HeôecHbia. rioaBHroniaca BBTpn, oöaaKH HocHine, hko Mfexbi nenojiHb Bonbi h ynoHnia Hccoxníyio 3eMaio. BbicTpo coTBopnnia n npo3paneHT> cbrycTHBinincH Bosayx^. IIoTeKonia Harao hccoxuiíh noToira h hctohhhiíh. MoBa noBHa phtmíhhhx 4>iryp Ta noBTopeHb. Ocb hk yHoni TypSy-GTbca 6araTÍô: Bho^í acepe ôoro TypÔOTa — hk 3a Maay niny 6araTo npnnöaG, aK 3 nboro nBoxnoBepxoBi Ta TpnnoBepxoBi 6yn,hhkh nocTaBHTb, HK flOÖpo MÍaC aiTCH pÍ3flíaHTb, hk caM MaGTKH Ta ceaa BnopanKyc, hk BHHorpan,n HacanHTb, hk nepeRH Ta CTaa,a yMHoacHTb, hk Kopaôeab npnroTyc, hk HaKynoBaHe (Ha Hboro) Haaoaarrb, hk y RaaeKe naaBaHHH nine ... a iHonj (Bace b uht. ypHBKy, nonacra 3HHin,eHi nepemianoM) ô phmh : Opyacia onai^aiOTCH, MeneBe oÔHaacaioTca, cayrbi non.BH3aiOTCH ... MeTa nponoBÍRefi TpHropia TaK caMo, hk y Kapnaa, He jrame noB-naHHH, hk ncHxoaoriHHHH HacTpoGBHH BnjiHB Ha cayxaniB nnTaniB. Aae aiTepaTypHa TBopnicTt Tparopia 3B'a3aHa 3 yicpamoio junne TepnTopiaabHO. 2U 5. TnpHiBCLKa iiiKOjia He yTBopnjia BJiacHHx ineoaoriaHHX Bap-TOCTeö. IIpoTe, BOHa nepeífriaaa Bia, rpenbKo'i acKeTHKH HOBy mícthh-Hy TeopiK), mo Ha Mead 13-14 bb. yTBopnan acKeTH Ha „cbhtíh ropi" AdpoHi, TaK 3B. ,,re3ixa3M" (a6o ,,icixa3M"). IIa MicTHHHa Teopia, BinHOBaaioHH CTapi nyMKH, bhhtb npo MicraaHe nepenoBHeHHa nynii óoacecTBeHHHM „CBÍTaoM". AcKeTHKa e iHjiHX 30 nboro HaOBHHíoro MicTHHHoro npcarHeHHfl; acKeTHaHHÖ niaax — He criabKH b Tpana-HiiiiHOMy „BÔHBaHHi Tiaa", CKiabKH b „yMHOMy niaaHHi" npH Hepy-xomoctí, MOBaaHHi Ta nocTiÖHOMy noBTopioBaHHi „mojihtbh IcycoBo'i", KOHi^eHTpyBäHHi bcíx nyMOK Ha öoacecTBeHHOMy. TpHropin CHHaö-CBKHH (CHHaiT) Ta rpHropiö IlaaaMa — roaoBHi npencTaBHHKH nbo-ro HanpaMy b nepeKaanmH aiTepaTypi. 3aaHHinaHca S apiôm peuiTKH yKpaÍHCbKOi npan,i nboro HanpaMy: nie, Hanp., KopoTKHÖ onnc adpOHCBKoro acHTTa, nncaHHH neaepcBKHM apxHMaHnpHTOM JJocndpeeM (14-15 bb.), 3ÖepeaceHHH na-ciaHÍBCBKOK) oßpoÖKoio IlaTepHKa (1462). Ha AdpoHi npan,K>G Koao 1431 p. nepenHcyBaa AdpaHaciô PycHH Toinp. BHaaranx aiTepaTyp-hhx npn6iaHHKÍB re3Íxa3My (hk Ha niBHoai Hiji CopcbKHÖ), Ha Yk-pai'Hi He 6yao. Jlnnie Ha Meaci 16-17 bb. nÍ3Hio TpannijiK) re3Íxa3My nepeOHHB IßaH BHHieHCbKHÔ (aHB. IV. ľ. 8). 6. Jiňme b nÍ3HÍmÍH HapoaHin aereHnj npo yTBopeHHa CBiry 3y-CTpmeMo BinryKH öoarapcbKOi nyaaicTHHHoi epeci „6oroMHabCTBa". BnaHBH fioro aerno Morjín niÖTH Ha YKpamy pa30M 3 íhuihmh ni3-hímh öoarapcBKHMH BnaHBäMH, 60 ôoroMHabCTBo aKpa3 y 14 ct. bh-aBHao b Boarapii noMiray aKTHBHicxb. JIereHn,h Ha yKpaiHCbKOMy rpyHTi po3noBÍ3aK)Tb npo yTBopeHHa CBÍTy pa30M BoroM i caTaHoio Ta npo Te, m,o rpix noaHHaeTbca 3 ceKcyaabHoro cniBacHira nepuinx aioa,eH — TeMH 6oroMHabCbKÍ. Aae an 6yao Koan Ha YKpaiHi ôoro-MHabCTBo aK cepöo3Ha Ta aŕrepaTypHo aKTHBHa Teaia, CKa3aTii He MoaceMO. 7. IliKaBimi BnaHBH 3axiaHÍx ayxoBHHx Teaiö. npaßaa, 3HaeMO npo hhx HeôaraTo. MoacaHBo, mo nepnioio „epeTHUbKoio" Teaieio 3axiflHboro noxoaaceHHH 6yao „CTpHťoabHHnTBo'', BinoMe HaM 3 Hob-ropony Ta ncKOBa, aae noro cainH Ha YKpami Maai Ta Heacm. I niB-híhhí „CTpHťoaBHHKH" — HBHine HeacHe. I nÍ3HÍuie ôiabniicTb 3axin.HÍx BnaHBÍB naa Hac HeacHa, 60 npo hhx 3HaeM0 aHuie BHnaflKOBo i 30 Toro aacTO 3 nÍ3HÍx aaciß. neBHi „GpeTHnbKí" BnaHBH 3aaHHiHaa eßponencBKa Teaia 13-14 ct., TaK 3BaHe „noKaaHHirrBo" a6o „dpaareaaHCTBo". BnöyxH Ha-CTpoK) KaaTTH 3 npon.ecÍHMH Ta caMoönayBaHHaM 3axonnaH ninpoKi Koaa 3axipHbo"i Esponn, 30KpeMa 1261 Ta 1349 p., Koan bohh hoko-THaHca ň no Hexiii, noabml Ta yropmHHH. Pyx 3aBMep n.iaKOM annie Ha noaaTKy 15 ct. G nm naM'aTKH, 3B'a3aHÍ 3 yKpaÍHCBKHM „noKa- 215 hhhiitbom": 1. ,,JIhct HeôecKHn" — „EnicToaia o Hefliafe'' — opH-rmaji JiHCTa naaeno CTapniHÖ (6 ct.), ajie 3poÖHBca nonyaapHHM nicjia pyxiB 1261 p. 3míct ancTa, nio hí6h BnaB 3 He6a Ta nncaHHH caMHMH BoroM — 3aKanK ap KaaTTa, 3 pí3hhmh BapiaHTaMH, öiabin flyxoBHHMH BHMoraMH aöo BHMoraMH annie ruaHyBaTH Heniaio, čepeny fi n'aTHüiiio Ta hochtb Bnaao 3CpopMyabOBaHHMH, na 3pa30K npopoiibKHX, 3arpo3aMH cTpauiHHx Kap 3a rpixH. 2. ,,Coh EoroponH-n.i" — coh npo hobí MyKH XpncTOBi. XpHCTOc ooíiihg cnaciHHa TOMy, XTO öyae hochth 3 co6ok>, HHTaTH Ta cayxara fioro ancTa (3H0By npo noHHTaHHH Hen.iai i t. n,.). OÖHnpa TBopn CKoniiOBaB 6apoKKO-bhô aiTonnceiib Hkhm Gpann 3 pyKonnciB kíhiih 15 ct. Aae bohh BiflOMÍ i b íhluhx pyKonncax, nepeKa3ax Ta no3HaHnanca ň Ha niceHHlH TBOpHOCTÍ. BnanBH necbKoro rycHTCTBa 3obcím He 3aaHuiHan 6e3nocepea,-íhx aiTepaTypHHX penrroK. Thm MacoM, BnanBH rycHTCTBá Ha Ynpa-ihí bíhomí 3 noatcbKHx flHíepea. 3flaGTbca, mp caMe rycHTCbKi Bnanbh no3HaMHanca Ha 3aran,K0BÍH Tenií, hkíh nÍ3HÍnii nacH naan Ha3By „3aaíHflOBÍaHx". Haar Kpamp 3HanoMa icTopia ,,Gpeci" anuie 3 Hob-ropona Ta Mockbh. Aae np HoBropona ií npnHic Miac íhihhm híôh hkhhcb acHfl 3 oroHeHHH KHH3H Mnxanaa OaeabKOBH^a, qo 1470 p. npHHuioB Ha HoBroponcbKe KHa3ÍBCTBo 3 KncBa. Hmobípho öiatuiy poaio b po3cnoBCK»flaceHHÍ cpeci Biairpaan niaaxTHHi 3 oToneHHa khh-3a. JJp Mockbh cpect nicTaaaca, MoacaHBo, sin, yropCBKHx Ta Boaocb-KHx rycHTÍB. Te, mp 3HaeM0 npo cperaniB Bia, íx BoporiB, BinnoBinac Hayni rycHTÍB 1 roaoBHa BHMora rycHTÍB — npnnacTa Tiaa Ta KpoBH XpHCTOBoi* aaa cbítcbkhx — y npaBocaaBHHX Kpamax 6yaa HeaK-TyaabHa, 60 TyT npnnacTa 3aBac;nH 6yao Tane. 3aTe 3ycxpÍHeMo Tyr íhhií nyHKTH rycíiTtCbKoi nporpaMH — BiaKHaaHHa Kyatry íkoh cbh-thx, moiuíb, MoaHTOB 3a noMepanx. KphTHKyiotb cynacHHH CTaH npp-kbh, HananaiOTB Ha cBHineHHKÍB, mp Sepyit naaraio 3a TpeÔn (nop. 60-poTtöy rycHTÍB npoTH „CBHTOKyneiiTBa" — chmohíí), TBepnaTt, mp „MoaHTHca MoaíHa bcioah", a He anine b nepKBi. ToaoBHi Te3H ,,3aaíH-aoBianx" ôyan BHMora BiatHoro BHKaanaHHH CßaToro UHCMia Ta BHCOKa onÍHKa CTaporo 3aBÍTy. 3ranyK>Tbca fi TBepflaceHHa, mp mh íx 3HaGMo annie Bia, panHKaabHHX npeacTaBHHKÍB rycHTCTBa — bíh-KHflaHHa BMeHHH npo cb. Tpiiiino, MoaHTOB CBaTHM Ta Boaciö MaTepi, cyMHÍB y ôoacecTBeHHOCTi XpncTa. Lip Bce tcmh nponaraHan „3aacHflOBÍaHx", ana, MaôyTb, ivraaa i nnceMHy cpopMy, aae TBopn hkoí np Hac He niSiHaH. HaneBHe BinoMe, npo aiTepaTypy „3aaainpBÍaHx"T inp bohh ne-peKaanaan 3 CTapo-GBpencbKoi mobh khhfh Cxaporo 3aBÍTy, nonac-th tí, mo íx He 6yao b nepeKaa^ax npaBocaaBHHX (nepeKaanaan n'aTHKHHacaca, KHHrn IoBa, Pycpi, .ZJaHHÍaa, Eccpipi, ncaaTHp, Eüchio 216 niceHb, „KHHroi CojioMOHOBi"). üpn hhx nepeKJianax epeTHKaM ao-boahjiocji KOpHCTaTHCfl flOnOMOrOIO JKHAiB. rojioBHa nacTHHa jiiTe-paTypn „3ajKHA0BijiHx", mp Ainimia 30 Hac, Bene Hae Ha JlHTBy. He, HionpaBfla, He KpacHe nncBMeHCTBo, a TBOpH HayKOBi. Bohh Ha OKpai' jiiTepaTypH. Hp — (pijiocotpi^Hi TBopn „JIoriKa" Moöcea MaHMOHi-Aa (1135-1204), mp BJKHBajiacH hk niApy^HHK i Ha 3axofli 3a naciß peHecaHcy, AaJii niApyKHHK dbijiocotpii — „CrpeMjiiHHH (pijioeocpiB" apa6cbKoro (pijiocotpa Ajib-ra3ajii (1059-1111), acTpoHOMi^mi (hh acTpojioriHHi) npan.i, 3 hkhx HafiBiflOMiuia — ,,IHecTOKpHJi" — acT-poHOMiHHi Taßjraui pyxy Mie.HH.fl, „TaGMHHDiH TaGMHHu;B" — (py-Konnc, 3AaGTbCH, öijiopycbKjm) biaomhh i Ha 3axofli nceBnp-Api- CTOTejliB TBip, apaÖCBKOrO nOXOflJKeHHH (10-11 CT.) 3 pi3HHMH ni3- HiniHMH AonoBHeHHHMH 30 opHrmajiy. 3MicT Hboro TpaKTaTy — no-paflH ApicroiejiH OjieKcaHnpoßi BeJiHKOMy, mihc ihhihm npo ynpaß-jiiHHH AepjKaBoio Ta B3arajii hhhhIctb MOHapxa. HidcTB Hboro ne-peKJiaAy aochtb BHeoKa: BiH nncaHHä hchok» mobok>, JierKO-no6y-AOBaHHMH peneHHHMH. G me 2-3 TBopn, mp ix MOJKHa BBancaTH nepe- KJiaAaMH „GpeTHKiB" JTiTepaTypa ,,3a>KHAOBijrax" noxoAHTb 3 HCHniBCbKHx opHfmajiiB, ajie e njiOAOM iHTepecy MicueBHX HHTaniB ao JKHAißCBKoi b h e h o c-t h Ta hlhkhx ejieMeHTiß JKHAiBCbKoi pejiirii He Mae b coßi. HJKaBa BOHa ajih icTopil JiiTepaTypH HaHÖijibHie moboio: MaGMO TyT aochtb paHHio (3 15 ct.) cnpoöy cjiob'hhcbkoü KeHHH ocyA — cyA yMHceji — MeTa, hijib bchhhhh - 3araJIbHHH OAepJKaHHH — npeAHKaT yGM — 3anepeHeHHH npHBOA — npHHHHa OÖpiTeHHG - icHyBaHHH HaCTHHH - HaCTKOBHH He MeHHi HiKaBi cnpoön yTBopHTH MaTeMaTH^Hy TepMiHOJioriio, rjih HKoi' öyjio b CTapocjiOB'HHCbKiä MOßi ine MeHHie MaxepiHJiy. H,h Ha-yKOßa jiiTepaTypa ,,3ajKHnpßijiHx" noKa3ye, mp, nonaßiHHCH bia necb-Koro rycHTCTBa, Gpecb po3BHHyjiacH b uijikom HOBOMy HanpnMi, mojk-jihbo He 6e3 ßnjiHßy penecaHcy, mp Maß iHTepec np thx caMnx TeM Ta nonacTH ö ao thx caMnx TBopiß. A Teojiorin ,,3ajKHAOBijiHx" rue h AOci 3araAK0Ba. npo iHTepec ao pejiiriÖHHx Teniö 3axoAy CBiA^HTb i CKJianeHHH Ajih npHBaTHoro BJKHTKy 36ipHHK „HpHTO^HHK" (1483 p.) 3 6araTB-Ma BiflÖHTKaMH 3axiflHbo-eßponeHCbKoi pejiiriHHoi jiereHAH. 217 8. Ajie see ne — hk i xpoxH nÍ3HÍina nepepoÖKa 3axinmx no-Bicieö (npo HHx n.hb. po3nijiH IV-V) — jiHiue nepeÖMaHHH ^yjKoro MaTepiHJiy. Ta ä BJiacHa jiixepaxypHa npauH 15-ro Bncy He e npau.ii opnťiHajiBHa. IJe — oôpaÓKa xa npnoBHeHHfi cxapnx xeKcxiB. Mn b ace 3ranyBajra npo „MÍHeio" xa „IleHepcbKHH IlaxepHK". JXo ocTaHHbo-ro npnaHo cxaTTi Ha nincxaßi jiixonncy (3Haxin. Moin,íb cb. 4>eonp-ein) xa íhuihx n,Hcepeji (npo nocxpHJKeHHa kh. MnKOJin-CBjixoiiri, npo CMepxB IIojiiKapna i x. n..), hk 3ranyBaHo, xaKOJK i re3ÍxacxcLKHx. Ihuií hobí npani — jiixonncH, xan 3BaHi „3axinHbo-pycbKÍ". Bo-HH cpaKXHHHo BHxonflxt yjKe no3a Meaci Jiixepaxypn, 60 aßxopn no-naioxb BejíHKOK) MipoK) cyxnö (paKxHHHHÍi Maxepinji. Jlnnie OKpead enÍ3onn BHKJianeHO híhbo xa MajibOBHHHO. iHoni xpeöa npnnycTHxn, mo onne OKpeMHx enÍ3on,ÍB nocxaB hk OKpeMi xBopn i g b jiixonncax BcxaBKaMH. JlixonHcn bcí HeBejíHKÍ oôcaroM. OKpeMi cnncKH hí6h xoro caMoro xBopy nyace po3xonflibCH míjk coôoio. MoBa XHxaexbca Bin, xpaHHn;ÍHHOi 3a6apBJieHOi nepKOBHoejioB'HHCbKHMH ejieMeHxaMH mob h exapnx JiixonHci^iB 30 MaöJKe mhcxoí xoniniHboii KaHn;ejiHpÍH-Ho'i mob h 3 npMiniKaMH HaponHoľ. 3ßepHeMo TyT yBary jinme Ha BajK-jiHBinie. „JIítohhc BejíHKoro KHH3ÍBCXBa JlnxoBCbKoro" cnojiy^íaG exapinii iiíbhíhhí jiixonncH, a njín icxopii JIhtbh xa hjih nÍ3HÍniHx nacis (14 b.) opnriHajibHi ^acepejia, m. íh. „IIoxBajiy" kh. Bhxobxobí. Ab-xop nacxHHH Jiixonncy (nicjia 1382 p.) 6yB khhhhh. — „KopoTKHZ KHiBCBKHH jiixonHc", mo öoro nncaHO 30BCÍM ne b Khgbí, G KOMni-jihiíígio HOBroponcbKHx nmepeji, Jinme Ha kíhijí (1480-1500) nona-Ho BÍ30MOCXÍ npo nojrii Ha YKpaiHi xa npnaHO 3BÍcTKy npo nepeMory kh. Ocxpo3bKoro 1515 p. Han, mockobcbkhm bíhclkom nin, Opnioio xa noxBajiBHe cjiobo KHH3eBÍ. Jlixonnc nncaHHH nonacxH jkhbo. lipo nonii onoBinaextcH b cpopMi po3MOB (cTapa xpannnJH yKpamcLKoro jiiTonHcaHHH). 3 npHBony onoBinaHHH npo 3a6nxxH TaxapaMn apxn-cnncKona MaKapin Hopxa aBxop ynacTbcn b pejiiriÖHi MipKyBaHHH. B JiiTonnc BcxaBJieno npn onoBinaHHi npo nanan, xaxap Ha Bojihhí> MOJiHXBy. IIoxBajia KHH3eßi Ocxpo3bKOMy Hafiôijibin jiixepaTypHO 06-poöjieHa nacxHHa jiixonncy: b híh g BinryKH cxhjiícthkh „CjiOBa o nojiKy Iropeßi" (Maôyxb, nepe3 nocepenHHUTBO ,,3aßOHiirHHH")} Ma-GMo HáxHKH Ha cxapy Bíôjiík) xa exapy jiixepaxypy (Oexpo3i>Koro no-piBHiOGXbCH 3 napeM IIopoM 3 „OjieKcaHRpii"). IIi3HÍniHH „JIhiob-cbKHH JiixonHc" (no 1507 p. pyKonnc kíhijh 16 ex.), nncaHnn 3 no-rjinny apncxoKpaxHHHHx kíji BejíHKoro KHH3ÍBcxBa JlnTOBCbKoro. B HbOMy g OKpeMi BinryKH exaporo jiixonHCHoro cihjiio. 9. 3obcím npiÖHi íhihí XBopH, no xoro 3 He cyxo-JiixepaxypHHM npn3HaHeHHHM. IJe — nocjiaHHH MHTp. Mncai'jia 1470 p. no pnMCbKO-ro nann, MHoroMOBHe, naxeinHHe, ajie He 6e3 rapHnx Micnb (piBHO- 218 npaBHicTt cxinHtoro Ta 3axinHtoro xpHCTHHHCTßa, o6pa3 floöporo nacrapfl — nann, Ta 3Jihx — MicijeBHx JiaTHHCtKHx nyxoßHHx). IIo-cjiaHHH no nariH Bin npaßocjiaBHoro coöopy 1490 p. cTHCJimie, ajie Toro caivioro nin,HeceHoro cthjho; nacrapcLKe nocjiaHHH MHTp. Ho-CH(pa CojiTaHa, mo rapHo po3BHBaG TeMy KapH 3a ,,npeyMHOHceHHa rpixiß" (nop. nponoBifli Cepaniona, BHine). 10. Majia oöcnroM Ta aochtb BHnaflKOßa 3m1ctom jiiTepaTypHa npoflyKU,iH 15 ct. Yce JÜTepaTypHO H,iHHe b mö — hkocb Haß'a3y-gtbch 30 cTHjiicTH^HOi TpanHuii cTapHx Maciß. BinryKH hobhx Teniä, npaßocjiaBHHX (re3HxacTH) a6o GpeTHHBKHX — He3HaHHi Ta JiiTepa-TypHo Majio uiKaBi. Illnpiuy jiiTepaTypHy fliHJitHicTB po3BHHyjiH jih-ine „3a>KHnpBijii", ajie Te, mo Bin Hei 3Öeperjiocfl — Ha onpai JiiTepaTypH (tboph He KpacHoro, a HayKOBoro nncbMeHCTBa) Ta Ha oKpai HyxoBHHx iHTepeciß csmhx GpeTHKiB. Bin miHHx Teniä (öoroMHjiB-ctbo, noKa hhhhittbo) 36eperjiHCji jiHHie npiÖHi BinryKH, a to h He 3ajiHHiHjioca Hinoro (Bin cyToro rycHTCTßa). OneBHnHo, iHTepec no hobhx Teaiä He 6yB CTajiHM, a Toni, b nacn 3By>KeHHH JiiTepaTypHoi" TBopnocTH, He 3HaHmoB jiiTepaTypHoro BHHßy, a6o, pannie, Jiixepa-TypHi npoaBH no3aHHKajiH pa30M 3 3aHHK0M nyxoßHHx Teniä; pejii-riiraa jiiTepaTypa ,,3a>KHnoBijiHx" npocTO BHHHineHa. TaK KiHeuB 13, 14 Ta 15 ct. g rjisi Hac MafijKe naB30K> b jiiTepa-TypHOMy po3BHTKy, TaKi naB3H 6yBajiH b nyxoBHOMy, KyjiBTypHoiay, jiiTepaTypHOMy JKHTri yKpai'hh. Bohh BHKJiHKaiOTB y Hac cyM Han, „irponanu™ nacoM" b >KHTTi Hamoro Hapony, ajie, orjianaiOHHCH Ha Ti nacH po3KßiTy, nnuiHoro ÖyflHHH, mo 3aßHtbcä am 3a- HaflTO hobhmh B nopÍBHHHHÍ 3 nÍ3HÍM eepen,HBOBÍHHHM aHÍ 3aHanTO ÔJIH3BKHMH HO aHTHHHOl Tpan.HH.ii, G ÔesyMOBHHM (paKTOM. XoM BapTO ninKpecjíHTH, hio Hefi po3KBÍT MHCTeHTBa 6e3 oÖMeüceHb mojk- *) y flajibniHx po3fliJiax, 30KpeMa IV Ta V, achkí uHTaTH nepenncyio mo-flepHHM npaBonncoM. Ha JKajib, hí o,iraa aBTopHTeTHa ycTanoEa ne BHpoÔHJia npa-BHJi AJiH TaKoro nepenncyBaHHH cTapnx těkctíb, hk i(e e b pi3HHx eßponeöcbKHx Kpamax. OTMce oôMeacyracb Ha Qe3cyMHÍBHHX 3aMmax „Ť." Ha „i", „bi" Ha „h" Ta ,,h" Ha „i" Ta BHKHflaio ,,i>" aßo 3aMiHHK» öoro b cepeflHHi cjioBa anocTpo4)OM. ripoTe, pHMH Biprais noKa3yiOTb, mo BHMOBa b ĎaraTbox BHna^Kax BißCTynajia Biß npaBonHcy. Hanp., MaeMo phmh „TOBapHHiOB::npHfiiHOji", jma noKa3ye, mo b BiflnoBiflHHX nojiojKeHHHx BHMOBjíHjiocH HK ,,b", a6o „/rpesHie: :MpieTb", mo. oieBHAHO, BHMOBjíHJiocH „flpeBHÍe: :Mpie", ajie b flesKHX EHna/^Kax ,,-Tb" b 3aKÍH-"jeHHHX 3. oco6h oahhhh aígcjiíb KOHbK)ťam'i ,,-e-" 3ajiHHiajiocn b bhmobí, mo Teac /jobo^htb phmh. OTHce, Mos TpaHCJiiTepauifl b fleHKHX BHnaflKax HaneBHe He BýnroBiflae hchbííí bhmobí, mo 6yjia me ôjiHsc^a p,o cy^acHoi. TIop. me Aajii v. 3. 9 220 Ha BH3HaTH JIHIIie flJIH C(pepH MHCTeiTTB njiaCTHHHHX; y My3HI<Í hí-flKHH „nOBOpOT" 30 CTapHX TpaflHn,ÍH, Bifl HKHX He 3aJIHHIHJIOCH HÍ- hkhx cjiifliB, He 6yB mojkjihbhh; y jirrepaTypi, fle Maiepiajiy fljia HaCJliflyBaHHH 6yjIO flOCHTb, BÍflHOBJieHHH 6yB „KaHOH" aHTHHHOl noeTHKH (monpaBfla, 3a TBopoM, mo 3 norjiafly aHTH^Hoi TpaflHiiil 6yB flo neBHoi Mipn BímaflKOBHM, 3a "De arte poetica" ropania), a b ji a c h a TEopnicTb 3aHaflTO EHce bcjihkoio Mipoio crajia h a c ji i-AyBaHHHM, flo Toro HacjiiflyBaHHHM B3ÍpniB Jierine npHCTynHHx, (pHMCBKHx, a He rpeubKHx) i nÍ3HÍx, OTHte „BHnaflKOBHx" y cboiü 3ajie>KH0CTÍ Bifl flOBHioř TpaflHííií. B oBÍHHa apaöcbKa Ta jKHfliBCbKa dpijiocokg HaBmnie) a6o HaBnaKn e nÍ3HÍniHM HanöaHHHM enoxn öaporata, 30 jiKoi HaJiemaTb i rajiijieä i Kenjiep. PeHecaHcoBi 3aaHinaiOTbca Mpii npo ycnixH, hkhx a6o b ac e nocarayaH tí npencTaBHHKH „ni3-HL01 cxojiacTHKn" b CopôoHHÍ Ta mne, 30 hkhx „jiKJflHHa peHecaHcy" Mycijia CTaBHTHca Bopoace Ta 3HeBaacaHB0, aôo ani óyan n i 3 h i ni e 33o6yTÍ THMH, XTO bíh HHMaaoí nacTHHH „HanôaHb" peHecaHcy bíh-MOBHBca Ta 3poÖHB cnpoöy 3H0By aKTyaaÍ3yBaTH „CTape", -— xon i naaeKo He bcí, aae hochtb BaacanBi ineaan cepenHbOBrma: ne 6yan „aioRH ÔapoKKa", hkhm 6e3 cyMHÍBy, mh 3o6oB'a3aHi b npeaiaaceHHi npnpoAH naaeKo ôiabine, aniac ycaaBaenoMy peHecancoBi. PeHecaHC a6o „BiaponaceHHa" HOTopKHyBca yitpamn jinine Ha caMoMy KÍHH.í CBoro po3BHTKy. Ha 3axop;i b 16 ct. Bace RoacHBaan cbíh bík Tenii, inp, 3 onHoro 6oKy, Mpiaan npo RiäcHe ,,BÍn,pon,aceH-hh" aHTHiHHX nyxoBHHX ifleaaiB, aK íx aionn Toro nacy po3yMÍan, a 3 npyroro — npo 3BÍabHeHHa aiOflHH bíh thx nyT, hkí HaKaanaao na hhx aBTopHTaTHBHe cepep;HbOBÍHHa. Pe3yjibTaTH po3BHTKy peHecaHcy He MoraH 3anoBoabHHTH b 16 ct. HaBÍTb fioro npn6ÍHHHKÍB: peHecaHC MpiaB npo ,,eHTy 3ÍH3M'', a cnpaBfli 3MÍr po3BHHyTH anme ROCHTb xoaonHy peTopnKy; bíh MpiaB npo BHiny, BceöinHo po3BHHeHy aiORHHy, a cnpaBni nocarayB anme nanyBaHHa eroi'3My Ta CBaBoai; peHecaHC nocTaBHB co6i mctoio RocaiflaceHHa npnpoflH, aae npnpoflo-3HaBCTBo peHecancy 3aaHniHjioca noBHe Mpin Ta cnpnaao po3BHT-kobí „Marii"", aabxeMÍI, acrpoaorii; penecaHC pÍ3K0 KpnTHKybaB „3a-6060HH" ia ynepenaceHHa CTapnx naciB, aae caM 3aanniHBca nip; Baan,OK> 3a6o6oHÍB, xon ho neHKOi Mipn i niflHOBaemix. KyabTypHe 3HaneHHH peHecaHcy, BeanHe3Ha „ceKyaapH3aĽ[ia" KyjibTypn, ceÖTo íí nepeBeneHHa 3 cyTo-peairiÖHoi 30 „cbítcbkoi" c(pepn, yTBopeHHa Ho neBHoi Mipn caMocTiiiHoí cbítcbkoi KyabTypn 6escyMHÍBHÍ. Aae BaacHoro 3MÍCTy, KpiM HOBoro ineaay Kpacn, peHecaHcoBi ne bh-CTanaao. Bíh cnpnHHHHBca ho po3BHTKy hoboí aiTepaTypn Ta mhc-TenTBa, mo ÔynyBaaHca Ha hobhx ineaaax Kpacn: ineajiax, hkí BeaHKOK) MipoK» HaMaraanca noBTopHrn, noBepHyin aHTHHHHH ineaa Kpacn. B aiTepaTypi ne BH3Hanaao neBHHH noBopoT ho aHTHHHol (popMH. 3míct „HOBa", CBiTCbKa aiOHHHa npHHocnaa ho HeaKOi Mipn hobhh: TeMaTHKa 3ÔaraTHaaca „CBŕrcbKHMH" TeMaMH, — Hanp., epo-thhhhmh, ineaaÍ3yBaHHaM cnan, „BceôinHoí" noBHOTH acHTTH. 2. CBÍToraaH penecaHcy nepeacHBaB y 16 ct. cepii03Hy Kpnsy, Koan BHCTyrraan pe(popMan,íhhí Tenii, aKi nonaCTH finian b TOMy caMOMy HanpaMi, nonacTH ninpHBaan roaoBHi Kopiima ineaaiB peHecaHcy. PecpopManja saanninaaca Ha no3Hn.il neBHoro iHHHBiny- 222 ajii3My, xoH neß peairifinfi ÍHnHBÍa,yaaÍ3M (6e3nocepeaHÍH 3b'h30k jnoflKHH 3 BoroM 3i 3MeHiueHHHM nocepenHHHBKOí pojii n,ep- KBH) CBOGIO CyTTK) 30BCÍM ÍHHIHH, HÍJK erOH,eHTpHHHHH ÍHflHBifly- ajiÍ3M peHecaHcy. Hafiainme ne nonBÍHHe BiaHomeHHa o6ox Tenia 3'flcoByG naa Hac npjia Epa3Ma PoTepaaMCBKoro, hkhh, noBHHH iaeaaaMH peHecaHcy, Beet, nac He Miř 3HairrH neBHoro cTaBaeHHH ao pe(popMan,iI, mo 3axonnaa i noro cboím nopHBOM. Koan peHeeaHC nparHyB noBHOTH hchtth, Koan y HBoro ochobhhm ineaaoM cteb iaeaa Kpacn, pecpopMaijia nparHyjia hchtth, HKe 6yjio 6 hájikom Ta nocainoBHO 36ynpBaHe Ha peairifimß ochobí; aHTHHHocTi npOTHCTaB-jiHJiocH nepBicHe xphcthhhctbo, 30 HKoro xoTiaa noBepnyTH aion.-ctbo pecpopMaijifl, a ne nepßicHe xphcthhhctbo nacTO Haönpaao cyBopHx cpopM CTapo3aBÍTHBO*i pejiirißHocTH. Pa30M Moran ĚTH peHeeaHC Ta peípopManm BaacHe amue b onHOMy — b kphthh,í cepea.-hbobíhhh, HKe penpe3eHTyBaaa naa oöox KaToanuBKa rjepKBa. 3. JJp cxíhhboÍ Eßponn peHeeaHC npHHinoB 3 neaKHM 3anÍ3HeH-hhm, 3a hhm ayace ihbhdko fiiuaa petpopMauia. PeHeeaHC chphhhhhb y noaBini nepiHHH aiTepaTypHHfi po3KBÍT (H. KoxaHOBCBKHfi), aae nopyn Hboro yace cToaaa pe(popMau,ÍH, mo 3pa3y hc 3Haßniaa fi ai-TepaTypHHH BinryK (m. Pen). Be3nocepenHÍ biljihbh oöox Tenifi npHHiuaH Ha yitpamy nepeBaacHo 3 noatcbKoi KyatTypHoi cepepn. YKpaiHa apacnaa po 16 CToaiTTH we b miJn>HOMy 3ß'a3Ky 3 bí-3aHTÍHCbK0K) KyaBTypHoio ccpepoio, xoH 3 kíhh,h 14 BÍKy He ôpaicyBaao h pÍ3H0MaHÍTHHx pecpaeKCÍB 3axin,HÍx Tem&, hkí npHBoa.HaH no He-cnoKOK) Ta po neBHoro 3aHenan.y oflHoôi^Horo Ta HenofliatHoro na- HyBaHHH CTapoi BÍ3aHTÍfiCBKOÍ Tpan.HH.ii. Ha yicpami biijihbh peHecaHcy, hk 6yn,eMO öa^hth, lochte. He-3Ha^hí: nonacTH bohh oÔMeacnaHca Ha 3acB0GHHÍ neBHoi TeMaTHKH aiTepaTypHHx tbopíb, 3acB0GHHÍ, mp TpHBaao h 3a naeiß ÔapoKKa. HaäcKaanHiHia npoöaeMa — yTBopeHHH HOBoro aiTepaTyHporo CTHaio — He öyaa po3B'a3aHa: roaoBHe Hepe3 Te, mp 3HaßoMCTBo 3 aÍTepaTypoK> peHecaHcy 3Haanao nepenyciM 3HafioMCTBo 3 aaraH-cbKOK) äHTHaHOio aÍTepaTypoK», — 3HafioMCTBo up oÔMeacyBaaoca Ha ^HTaHHi opHťÍHa,aÍB. nepeKaan.íb Mafiace He 6yao. HenncaeHHi Ix cnpoÖH noxonnan 3-nin. nepa MOCKOBCbKoro BTiKana, kh. KypöcB-Koro, aKoro nepeKaann HaßiTB mobho 6yan nin, BnjiHBOM aHTOBCBKO-pyctKoro oTo^eHHH. CnpoÖH BaacHHX npain, yKpaÍHi^iB CToaan me nin. BeaHHe3HHM BnaHBOM CTapoi BÍ3aHTÍHCBK0Í Tpannniľ. JS,o Hei npHGflHaaHca annie neBHi HenHcaeHHi cTHaicTiFmi eaeMeHTH pene-caHcy. TeMaTHKa CBÍTCBKoro peHecaHcy Maßace He 3Haßinaa ťpyHTy. 4. BnaHBH aiTepaTypHoro peHecaHcy He 3Moran po3BHHyrHCH Ha yKpami ine h TOMy, mp Kpamy b ptpyriß noaoBHHi 16 ct. oxo- 223 HHJio peJiiriÖHe 3aBopymeHHH, nip flajieno cnpHHTjiHBinie 6yjio naa biijihbíb pecpopMaiiii, amac peHecaHcy. JJíhcho, npoTecTaHTCBKÍ pe-(popManiimi pyxH noninpHJiHCii i Ha YKpamy, xoh i oxonnjiH Maöace bhkjiiohho iHJiíixeTCHKi HeuiHpoid KOJia. Ajie 3Ha*ieHHH pecpopMairiň-HHX Temik, 30KpeMa caaie Ha YKpami BnjiHBOBoro „aHTHTpHHÍTa-pH3My" (conimaHCTBa a6o „apiaHCTBa"), flaa h,hx HeuinpoKHX kíji 6yao BeJiHHe3He. Caiwe ni Těmi npHBean cboix npHÔÍHHHKÍB cepeA yKpaiHCbKo'i uijiaxth h nonacTH MimaHCTBa flo TÍCHiinoro 3BJH3Ky 3 flyxoBOK) KyabTypOK) 3axiAHboi EBponn. Aae Uß& 3b'h30K npHBÍB 6ijibiHÍcTB yKpaÍHCbKHx npHÔÍHHHKÍB aHTHTpHHÍTapH3My flo neHaino-Haai3anii. JIÍTepaTypHi bíaohtkh Soro He^HcaeHHi, yKpamcbKÍ aH-THTpHHÍTapií nncaan jiaTHHctKoio a6o noabCbKoio mobok>. Jlnuie neHKi bí«ryKH ÍAefi pecpopManii npoömaH flo ihhpihhx Kia yKpamcb-Koro Hapony. PecpopMania BHMaraaa neBHHx 3míh peairiÖHoi Tpa-AHnii: nonepnie, BOHa CTaBHaa noHaA nepKOBHHH aBTopHTeT aBTO-pHTeT „CaoBa Boacoro", cb. IIncbMa. PecpopMania niTOBxnyaa OKpe-MHx npeflCTaBHHKÍB „aHTOBCBKO-pycbKoi" aiTepaTypn i ao npooaeMH aiTepaTypHoi mobh; xaKoio Myciaa ßyra napojma MOBa, 60 CaoBO Boace noBHHHe cTaTH npHCTynHHM ycÍM HapoflaM CBÍTy íx BaacHoio MOBOK). Aae nepeM03Í pecpopManii nocTaBHanca Ha onip KaToaniiBKi CHaH, mo nonaaH noxiA i npoTH npaBocaaBHoi nepKBH. B uBOMy cKpyxHOMy CTaHi npaBocaaBHe HaceaeHHa BHHBHao i Beanny BÍAAa-híctb npaBocaaBHiS nepKBÍ i BeanKy opraHÍ3aniimy 3Aí6híctb. Aae too HanioHaabHo-peairiHHHH pyx, mp po3BHHyBca Koao npooaeMH ,,ymi", He cnpHHB aHi 3acBoeHHio pecpopManiÖHoi aiTepaTypHoi Tpa-AHu;ii, aHi 3acB06HHio TpaaHiiii peHecaHcy. Koan mh noMinaeMo b yKpaiHCbKÍH aiTepaTypi 16 ct. aKHÔcb 3B'a30K 3 oöoMa roaoBHHMH HanpaMaMH nacy, to neS 3B'a3oií i caaÖKHH, i flaaeno He 3araabHHÜ; bíh BHHBaaGTbca b 3acBOGHHÍ aHHie OKpeMHx eaeMeHTÍB aiTepaTypHoi noeTHKH peHecaHcy, TeMaTHKa peHecaHcy 3aainnaGTbCH no3a Me-acaMH yBarn; bíh BHaBaaGTbca b cnpoöax CKopncTaTHca 3 neBHHx eaeMeHTÍB pecpopMau;ÍHHoi TpaAHu;ii, aae nonacTn anine mobhhx (Ha-poflHa MOBa), nonacTH amue HeraTHBHHx (noaeMÍKa npoTH KaTo- aHHjbKOl DjepKBH). ToMy H6 HHBHO, DUO HaHBH3HaMHÍUie 3'HBHUie yKpaiHCbKoro 16 ct. g noaeMÍKa remaabHoro IßaHa BnnieHCbKoro, aKa cnpaMOBaHa aKpa3 i npoTH peHecaHcy i npoTH pecpopManii, Ta CTaBHTb cbogk) MeTOK) noBepHyTHCH AO cTapoi BÍ3aHTÍíícbKoi Tpaflrani. Be3yMOBHo, na noaeMÍKa cbogk) moboio, a a° neBHoi MÍpn 3míctom (peairiÖHa ocoôHCTÍCTb rpac rjisi BnuieHCbKoro He Memny poaio, amat nepKBa) 3B'a3aHa 3 AyxoM pecpopManii, a CTHaicTHMHo 3 pe-HecaHcoM (ahb. flaai). A me xapaKTepncTHaHÍHie, mp nepe3 roaoBy cBoro HaHreHÍaabHÍHioro nncBMeHHHKa yKpaÍHCBKa aiTepaTypa npn- 22h ôiujia He no CTaporo, a no HOBoro — no öapoKKa, aKe 6yjio ôaraTO b MOMy cnanKoeMueM peHecaHcy. Oiace, ,,n.yx aacy" 6yB He 3a no-BopoT no CTaporo, a 3a nocTyn no HOBoro, n,o HKHXocb eaeMeHTiß i peHecaHcy i peKOÍ TpaflHííií, moo" flO 3axÍflHÍX pejiiriHHHx onoBiflaHb 3BepHyTHca. 3. CßiTCbKi noBÍCTi no^iacTH bíhomí Bace cTapiň yKpaiHCbKin aiTepaTypi, aae 3'aBaaioTbca b hobhx penai-cqiax cepöoxopsaTCbKoro noxoflaceHHa. üepuia 3 hhx — HOBa penaKn,ia caaBH03BÍCHOi „OaeK-caHflpii", peflaKH,ia, inp noxonHTb 3 cepßcbKoro nepeKaaay-nepe-poÔKH. MaóyTb, yace Toni 3'aBiiaaca h HOBa peaaKnia noBicTH npo TpoK). JXo cepôoxopBaTCbKoro nepeKaany iTaaincbKoro opHiiHaay Bene Hac i BinoMa 3 kíhiih 16 ct. noßicTb npo TpicTaHa Ta l3oabn,y (nop. b yKpa'ÍHCbKÍH aiTepaTypi ine Jlecio yKpaÍHKy); Teaí 3 iraaifi-cbKoro opHrmaay *iepe3 cepÖoxopBaTCbKHH nepeKaan, npnßniaa (Maao po3noBCK>flaceHa) i amiapcbKa noßicTb npo EoBy-KopoaeBH^a. IToBicTb npo „címox Mya,pen,ÍB", cxinHboro noxonaceHHa, npnaniaa Hepe3 aaTHHCbKy nepepoÔKy Ta noabCbKnn nepeKaan, i Ha YKpaÍHy: n,e icTopia HiMoro ijapeBH^a, HKoro oÖMOBHaa nepen, öaTbKOM Ma-ayxa Ta aKoro BpaiyBaan cím Mynpnx yHHTeaiß, mo po3noBÍnajra 6aTbKOBÍ onoBiflaHHa 3 „Mopaaaio", mo He MoacHa ôth 3a panpio aciHKH; HapeniTi, njapeBH^ 3HOBy 3n.o6yB 3n,i6mcTb roBopHTH Ta 3'aeyBaB ôaTbKOBi cnpaBy; n;e Tnn „ineoaoriHHo'i" hobícth 3i BCTaB-HHMH onoBiflaHHaMH, BinoMHÜ Ha YKpami Bace 3 HaöcTapiniHX nacin. — JXesmi CBiTCbKi noBÍCTi nonacTH fliöcHO 3B*a3aHÍ 3 peHecaHcoM. Aae flocHTb 3ayBaacHTH, inp bcí nj hobíctí ne npcaran Beannoro pos-noBciOflaíeHHa, bíhomí HaM 3 ymKaabHHX pyKonneiB Ta ^acTO nÍ3HÍ-nie saMiHeHi mníHMH BapiaHTaMH thx caMnx TeM („OaeKcaHflpia"). HeBeaHKHÍí 6yB, OTace, BnanB CBiTCbKoro peHecancy. 4. I peairiima 6opOTb6a Ta peairiima noaeMÍKa npHHecan neBHHH noBicTapcbKHH MaTepiaa. Horo He ßaraTo — lie onoBinanna npo „nanicy" Horamiy, inp híôh 6yaa phmcbkhm nanoio Ta nopo-nnaa nnTHHy nin, nac npon,eeii. Ha noßicTb — nÍ3Hboro noxoflaceH-hh —- ÍHOfli cnoayaaGTbca ine 3 mmoio, mo 3ycTpmaGTbca i OKpeMO, npo „neTpa ryrmiBoro", nany-po3nycHHKa, mo, noKapaHHŽ pnMCb-KHM iiapeM, xHTpo 3Hnmye noro. JXo ničí ac rpynn noBicTeň MoaceMo npnayHHTH i HeBeaHHKe onoßinaHHa, mo Soro nepeKa3yc BmneH-cbKHÍí Ta mo i pamme Bace 3ycTpmaGTbca hk oKpeMe onoßinaHHa: u,e icTopia npo nynp na Acpom, Koan npn cnpoöax 3aBecTH yHiio 3 Phmom TaM ynaaa CTina nepKBH Ta nepenaßnaa npn6mHHKÍB ymí. 5. Hk öaHHMo, neBHe 36araHeHHa TeMaTHKH MoaceMo noacHHTH BnaHBOM peHecancy Ta pe(popMan,ií. Aae CTnaiCTH^iHo noMÍTHMO b hobhx noßicTHX Ta hobhx penaKii,ÍHx cTapnx noBicTeS anuie nyace 226 MEJio pne „MonepHHx". Moace rojioBHe b OjieKcaHnpií — neBHi ejieMeHTH nyTjiHBocTH; „epoTHHHa" TeMaTHKa TpicTaHa Ta Bobh — HOBa, ajie cthjiícthhho oöpoöjiena flyace 6e3nopanHo. B. Cbjit6 ühcbmo 1. Bifl pecpopMaqiHHHX Tenia 3ajieaoiTb npaija nan TeKCTOM CB. riHCBMa: BOHa BiaöyBaGTbca nonacTH nin, bojiheom necbKoi „ne-penpecpopMamT' Tyca, nonacm B>Ke nin, BnjiHBOM pecpopMaiiťi 16 ct., aae HaHnmrnnia npana npoBeneHa, croipaiOHHCb Bee at b ocHOBHOMy Ha TpaHHUil CXinHbQl qepKBH. Heacm oöcTaBHHH npani nepinoi apyKapm, mp npan,K)Baaa i naa yKpaiHH, apyKapm hímijh III. íojih b KpaKOßi, kksl 1491 p. BHroTOBHaa „Oktoí'x", „HaeocnoBeub", oohhbí „Tpioni" (nicHy Ta HBÍTHy) Ta, 3flaGTBCH, i IIcaaTHp. HeMaG cyMHÍBy, inp MajiH npyKy-BaTHCb, KpiM IIcajiTHpH, i naabini nacTHHH CB. ÜHCbMa. Ajie apy-KäpHio 3a^HHeHo, a khhth CKOHtpicKOBaHo. CaM <ě>íojib 6yB anine apyKap-niflnpHGMeHb. BinKina noxonnaa imniaTHBa: 3 jihtobcbko-pycbKHX, MonnaBO-BaaacbKHX hh aKHxocb íhhjhx Kia, i noci He BnajiocH 3'acyBaTH. 2. Ta HaneBHe 3b'a3am. 3 JiHTOBCbKO-pycbKOK» jiiTepaTypoio Ta 3 necbKHMH pejiiriÖHHMH pyxaMH tí oöpoÖKH TeKCTy, ne npOCTO KO-pHCTajiHca aecbKHMH nepeiuianaMH Ta BacHBaan „nocnoaHToi" yKpa-ÍHCbKO-6iJiopycbKOÍ' MOBH. G Taní nepeKaanH i nncam, a roaoBHe, ApyKOBaHÍ <í>p. CKopHHOK), nononbKHM MiujaHHHOM, mp CTyniiOBaB y Ilanyl Ta apyKyBaB 1517-19 pp. b Ilpa3i (nacTHHH CTaporo 3a-BÍTy) Ta 1525 p. b Bnabm (AnocTon). HmaBi nepeaMOBH Ckophhh, m,o po3KpHBaiOTb MOTHBH noro npan,i; bohh nonacTH HainoHanbHi: yci TBapHHH „irni sponnan ca i ycKopMaeHi cyTb, no Bo3Í k TOMy Miery BeaHKyK) jiacKy iMawTb", TaK i CKopima: „He MoaceMO jih bo BeaHKHX nocayaíHTH nocnoanroMy arony PycbKoro a3HKa, — CHi MajiHÍ" khhhíkh npan,i Hauieí npHHOCHMo im". CKopHHa BBaacac BiöaiK) 3a eHn,HKaonen,iio BCboro aion.cbKoro 3HaHHa, nornan,, mp-npaBna BHcaoBaeHHH i KaToaHKaMH, aae THnoBHH nna npoTecTaHTÍB; THnoBHH naa npoTecTaHTÍB i yxna Ckophhh ho npocTOi mobh i toh (paKT, mo bíh BHflaB nepeBaaíHO KHHrn CTaporo 3aBÍTy. Aae CKopHHa 30bcím He noBHHeH 6yB 6yrH npencTaBHHKOM peípopMaiHHHHX nornanm, npoTH nboro roBopaTb i jieaKi Micn,a fioro nepen.MOB i xa-paKTep ííoro „Maao'i nonppoacHboi KHHaíHi^i", inp CKaan,acTbca 3 npaBOcaaBHHX MoaHTOB; éoro Jimne obíhb n,yx necbKOi „nepenpe- b co&b, peKynn: ihto Maio hhhhth, He Maio rn,e Sbixij soópajit noria moh (aóo nauiHK)). H peKJTb: TaKb yHHHio, po3Meny JKHTHHny mok> (KJiyHK), a6o cto-pojiy). H 6ojibHiÍH noóypyio". — HaneBHe 3B*H3aHÍ 3 npoTecTaHTH3-mom nepeKJiapH GBaHrejiii B. HerajieBcbKoro (1581) 3 ejieMeHTaMH SijiopycbKoi Ta yKpamcbKOi mobh; 3po6jieHHii 3 noJibCbKoro nepe-KJiapy M. HexoBHHa „KpexiBCbKHH anocTOJi", yKpamcbKHH TeKCT CKJiapeHHH Ha nincTaBi noJibCbKoi" EíGjiíí 1563 p., cjioB'HHCbKoro TeKCTy Ta BHnaHHH Ckophhh; nepeKJian, 3 nojibCbKOi Ei6jiii By^Horo 1572 p. HaBiTb BHflpyKyBaHHH, GBaHrejiii Sijiopyca B. TannHCbKOro. Ocb npHKJiap mobh 3 „KpexiBCbKoro anocTOJia": ,,0 6e3po3yMHbiH TajiaTH, xtohc Bac noflMaHyjib, roKĎbi ecie npaBn,bi He 6biJiH no-cjiyniHH, nepen, KOTopbix oHHMa XpncTOC nepen, TbiM Sbiji HanncaH h MencH BaMH pocnflT. . .". — IlepeKJianH cb. IlHCbMa Ha piflHy MOBy BipirpaBajiH 3BHHaíiHO BejiHHe3Hy pojiio b BHpoĎJieHHi jíiTepaTypHoi mobh. Ajie hí ohhh 3 yKpaiHCbKHx a6o yKpa"ÍHCbKo-6iJiopycbKHX ne-peKJiapiB He pocarHyB 3arajibHoro po3noBCK>n,jKeHHH. .ZJjih po3BHTicy jiřrepaTypHoi mobh bohh He MorjiH Mara BejiHKoro 3HaHeHHH. 3 6ijibiHHM a6o MeHuiHM noíHHpeHHHM TeKCTy GBaKrejiii, 3 Rpi6-hhmh noHCHeHHHMH MacMo KÍJibKa pyKonnciB, hkí penpe3eHTyK)Tb nepexopH po „yHHTejibHHx GBaHrejiiíi", mp ix nÍ3HÍnie h ppyKOBaHo (Hanp., Khib 1637 Tomo). Ocb npHKJiapH tckctíb: 3 „BojiHHCbKoi" GBaHrejiii" 1571 p. — „HejioB-BKTj H^KOTopbin Sbiji SoraTbiH, koto-pbifi >Ke to o6ojioKOBajicH b nopdpipy h bíccoh (b uiapjiaTb i b nppo-roe on/kme) h Ha KajKnbiií n,eHb óbiBaji bcjimh Bečen. Bbiji tbijk hí-KOTopbiě y6orbiH, KoxopoMy to 6bijio hmh JIa3ap, KOTopiů to Jie-jKaji y BopoT ero, Sypynn TpynpBaTbiM"*; a6o 3 GBaHrejiii kíhu.h 16 ct. : „HejioB^KX HEKOTopbra Sbiji GaraTbifi h oSojioKajicn y Kpac-Hbin niaTbi h y nopcpHpy h bhccoh, Toe y poporin niaTM, h BecejiHjiCH Ha KajKnbii neHb 3aBHie KpacHO, 6biji nce TbiJK TaM yčorbiíi h-bko-Topbii, KOTopoMy to 6bijio hmh Jlasapij, a Sbiji noBp-bjKeHbii npen, nBepMH ero, a6o jieHcajrb y thok) HeMoirabiií"; a6o 3 GBaHrejiii *) MaibKe TaKHŽ caMHň t6kct i b ríepcoriHnqbKÍH eBaHrejiii. 228 1604 p.: „HejiOBŤíKij H-BKOTopbiii 6-b 6oran> h oA^Baaca ycTasHHHe bt> nepcpnpy h bhccoh h BeceaameHca na bcsk'l Renb KpacHO. Ebicib ace TaM HT.KHH hhiiiíh HMeHeM JIa3apb, KOTopbiö to aeacaa-b rHoetib npen, pBepruH ero". Hk ôanHMo — ue 30bcím pÍ3HÍ cnpoÖH ha6an3HTH MOBy cb. ÜHCbMa AO acHBOi mobh, cnpoÖH, mp, 6e3yMOBHo caraan ao SHa^Ho ninpuiHx Kia, amai BnjiHB pea^eHHa, 6yB tckct nocaiAOBHo uppKOBHO-caoB'aHCbKHÖ, 6e3 eaeMeHTÍB yKpaiHCbKoi HapoAHOi mobh. Hp TaK 3BaHa OcTpo3bKa Biöaia 1581 p. ImijiaTopoM npaui 6yB npaBocaaB-HHH MeqeHaT kh. K. OcTpo3bKHH, mp yTBopHB b OcTpo3Í BÍAOMy npa-BocaaBHy niKoay, Ta 3aaynHB npocpecopiB uiKoan fi íhhihx yKpaÍHH,íb Ta HyacHHqiB ao npaui HaA öiöaiiranM TeKCTOM. Komícíh, mp o6po6-aiOBaaa tckct, KopncTaaaca i pÍ3hhmh caoB'aHCtKHMH pyKonnca-mh, i aaTHHCbKHMH, aae roaoBHe rpenbKHM tckctom. 3 öorocaoBCb-Koro noraaAy TeKCT OcTpo3bKoI Bi6aii — BeaHKHÖ ycnix. Aae 3 ai-TepaTypHoro 6oKy BOHa 3acpÍKcyBaaa AaabiUHH po3pHB Miac npp-KOBHOK) (caoB'aHCbKoio) Ta aiTepaTypHOK) (HaniB-Hapoahoio) mo-bok>. A roaoBHe, nppKOBHo-caoB'aHCbKHH TeKCT neu He Mir CTaTH ocHOBOK) HopMii aiTepaTypHoi mobh Ha yKpami. A imnoro aBTopn-TeTHoro AJKepeJ1^ HopMH yKpa'ÍHCbKa jiiTepaTypHa MOBa He 3HaHuiaa aae ao kíhuh 18 Biny. r. IIojieMraia JiiTepaTypa 1. Peairiima 6opoTb6a b kíhuí 16 ct. Haaeacnrb ao Hanu;ÍKaBÍ-hihx Ta HaficaaBHimHX CTopmoK yKpaiHCbKOi KyabTypHoi icTopii: 6o 3aaHHieHÍ nepeBaacHoio ÖiabiuicTio uiaaxTH, mp niinaa ao KaToannb-Koro Taöopy a6o h 3a nporecTaHTaMH, annie kopotkhh nac niATpn- MaHÍ BnaHBOBHM KH. OCTp03bKHM, 3paAHíeHÍ ÔiabHIOK) naCTHHOK) npaBocaaBHo'i iepapxiľ, yKpa'ÍHCbKi MhnaHH 3yMÍan inaaxoM caMO-opraHÍ3an,ii (ôpäTCTBa) bíaohthch bía CTpaniHHX HanaAÍB KaToannb-ko'í nppKBH, niATpHMaHHX AepJKaBHHM aBTopHTeTOM. Aae na 6anc-nyna CTopimca yicpaiHctKOi KyabTypHoi icTopii" He ôancKyna aiTepa-TypHo. Bee ac, xon i HenncaeHHa Ta HeôaHCKyna, noaeMÍHHa aiTepa-Typa Mae BeaHKe 3HaneHHH b po3BHTKy yKpamcbKoí arrepaTypn: no-Maay niArOTOByBaancb hobí aiiepaTypm (popMH Ta hobí aiTepaTyp-hí BapTocTi. IíiaKOM no3a MeacaMH cynacHocTH 3aaHHiHBca gahhhh reHiaabHHH npeACTaBHHK noaeMÍHHOí aiTepaTypH IßaH BinneHCbKHH. 2. IIoHaTKH noaeMÍHHoi aiTepaTypn 3B'a3aHÍ 3 OcTporoM Ta tígk> HíKoaoK), mp nocTaaa TaM 3axoflaMH kh. K. OcTpo3bKoro. Koao cnÍBpo6ÍTHHKÍB OcTpo3bKoro CKaaAaaoca He anuie 3 yKpaÍHn,íb, aae 229 h 3 rpeiÜB Ta nojíHKÍB. 3MaraiOHH no BÍn,pon,aíeHHa CTapoi* npaBo-cjiaBHoi Tpaninni (nHB. cKa3aHe BHine npo Eiöaiio), ocTpo3BKe Koao b niäcHocTi Myciiao iiíth 3a ayxoM penecancy, sanpoBanacyioaH b njiaH ocbíth cbítcbkí HayKH; Ta naBÍTb pecpopnania nosHaanaaca Ha fliaabHocTi OcTpo3tKoro Koaa, 60 b 6opoTb6i npoTH KaToani^TBa fioMy apBeaoca KopncTaTHca ň nocayraMH npoTecTaHTCBKHX cniB-po6ÍTHHKÍB, a mp öiabine aepnara 3 npoTecTaHTCBKoi aiTepaTypn. OcTpo3bKa HíKoaa nia,ynaaa no CMepii khh3h, aKoro aamanKH nini-an po KaToaHHbKoro TaÖopy. BnnaHHH OcTpo3bKo'i (a nÍ3HÍnie JJpp-MaHCbKOi, JIbbíbcbkoi ň íh.) npyKapHi npnHecan yKpaiHCBKiíi aiTe-paTypi, KpiM Biôaii Ta npHHarinmix nepKOBHo-noaiTHHHHX TBopiB, nemo 3 TBopiB otijíb nepKBH, aae roaOBHe 11 aiTeaTypHe 3HaaeHHH b TOMy, inp BOHa noaaaa npyicyBaTH cyaacHHX aBTopiß: ne KiabKa TBopiB noaeMiaHoľ aiTepaTypa. 3. IIoaHHaG ni npyKH „Karoa napcTBa HeôecHoro" FepacHMa CMOTpHiĺbKoro (1587). Ua KHHHíKa npncBaaeHa b nepniifi aacTHHi oSopoHi PycH Bin, HananÍB (G3yiTa B. TepöecTa), b apyriä noaoBHHi — oôopoHi CTaporo KaaeHnapa Ta íhuihm BÍn.MÍHaM míhí cxinHboio h 3a-xinHboio i^epKBOK). ApryMeHTanii peaeBoi HeöaraTo: roaoBHe naTe-thhhí, a inoni aipaam an noTenm 3aiuiHKH, 3anHTaHHa, HaranyBaH-Ha, Kanaan, a to h aaÖKH. IlepenMOBa peTopHHHa, MOBa noaacTH TpoxH pHTMÍ30BaHa Ta HaBÍTb pHMOBaHa: „IToBCTaHTe, noayÖTe ca h nonHOCÍTe oan pym BaniHX, a oöaaTe 3 niabHicTbio, hk cnpoTHBHHK Bam, niaßoa, He cnHTb, i He TiabKO an aeB pnuaioan myKaGTb Koro noacepeTH, aae HBHe b naineKH GMy MHorHG. .. BnanaiOTb". IlepKBa, „6oaÍ3HO Bac nopon,HBinH, Bonpio CBaToio xpeinpHia omhbuih, napn JXyxa. CBHTOrO npOCBÍTHBUIH i XaiÖOM aíHBOTHHM . . . B03KOpMHB- iiih... 3 BaMH BiaHO n,apcTBOBaTH neBHa oiiaa". ITann „ghhhh hobh-hh ycTaBaaiOTb, a a,pyrnG CTapHHH nonpaBaaiOTb, i hk oncTynnaH noporn npaBOH, 3aBacn.h ca MimaiOTb, na hhuihx po Toro ai npHMy-niaiOTb, i cTpainaTb, ace im Toro aí He noMaraioTb". Abtop bmíg npo-mobhth po npocTOí aioflHHH. PHTMÍ30BaHa MOBa ího;zi;í Haranyc pHT-MÍKy n.yM a6o neHKHx Bipuiiß. B tckctí 3ycTpiaaeMO aHMaao npn- nOBÍflOK. 4. TpaKTaT Bacnaa ,,OcTpo3bKoro" (1588) — BeaHKoro po3-Mipy Ta nepeBaacHo TeoperaaHoro ôorocaoBCbKoro 3MÍCTy (cnnpa-GTbca Ha MaKCHMa TpeKa), aiTepaiypHo npCHTb BaaocHH, aae npn-3HaaeHHÍí, HaneBHe, naa imnoro anTaaa, híhí TBip CMOTpimbKoro. — JL 3H3aHÍH (BnabHa 1596) yßis po oôiry noaeMÍKH npoTecTaHT-cbkí MipKyBaHHa npo Te, mp phmcbkhh nana g aHTHxpncT. CTHab KHHHÍKH TeaC ,, HayKOnon,í6hhh''. - JJ^ÍÔCHO CepH03HHH HayKOBHH TBip — aHOHÍMHHH ,,AnoKpH3Hc" (OcTpor 1598) — g TBip npoTe- 230 CTaHTCbKoro nojibCbKoro aBTopa M. EpoHCbKoro. IIoaacTH eMoniS- HHH Ta ipOHÍHHHH, nOHaCTH naTeTHHHHH CTHJIB JIBOX IIHCaHB nceBflO- HiMHoro „KjiHpHKa OcTpo3BKoro" (1598-99) : „üpecTynajiH ecTe OTenecKie rpamini, HapyniHjiH Gere CTapoacHTHyio Bipy! . . IIopo-CKonHBäJiH ecTe rpoÔH npenKÍB, nopyniHJiH kocth oTenb! .. 3aTon-TajiH GCTe ix cTejKKH, 3äTMHjiii ecTe Ix npncBÍTayio cnpaBy!" JXo ejieMeHTÍB cthjik) TepacHMa CMOTpHn,bKoro Kjihphk npaac me cthjib mojihtobhhh, tok naTeTHHHHH Ta peTopHHHHH. — TojiOBHe 3 nepen,- MOB 30 pÍ3HHX BHflaHB 3HaGMO HK nHCBMeHHHKa 0CTp03BK0r0 nÍÄHa /JeM'flHa HaJiHBaÖKa: i äoro MOBa peTopHHHa, jiňme cmiBHiuie 3a-öapBjieHa nepKOBHocaaB'aHCbKOio. /JaaeKO npocTiuii nponoBin,i (Ton,i HeflpyKOBani) nonaiBctKoro oth;h IoBa 3ajii3a. — PeTopHHHicTB nojieMÍHHHX nncaHb nyace Bnan,aG y bíhi: TyT, MaöyTb, no3HaHHBca i CTHaB nponoBifli penirÍHHo-HecnoKÍHHoro pecpopManiÖHoro CToaiT-th, aae i peTopn^Ha HiKoaa peHecaHcoBoro CTHaio: MaöyTb, HaM öanacne Heßinpivie 0CTpo3bKe „ijinepomaHCTBo". 5. ÜKpeMO CTOiTB ocTaHHiä Tßip inei niTepaTypn — „riepecTo-pora" (nncaHa 30 1605 p.). lie cnpoöa icTopioco". JIioÖHTb bíh aHTHTe3H, — TaK Ha noro nyMKy npn cnbini npa-BocjiaBHHX 3 npoTGCTaHTaMH cnojiynyioTbCJi: CTäpOJKHTHOG 3 HOBOTOK) yTB€píKReHÍG, Í KaMeHb HenBHJKHMHÔ 3 JierKOMHCJIbHOCTH TpOCTHHOK), HIHpOTa 3 TÍCHOTOK), 0 njiinmcTb 3 HenjioniGM, CBHTOÔJIHBOCTb 3 npOKJlflTÍGM, aoÔpHH nopanpK 3 noMimaHÍGM,... MHpo ÖJiaroyxaHHOG 3 rpH3K), CBÍTJIOCTb 3 TeMHOCTK), XpHCTOC 3 BejiiapoM ... t'éac y 3aKJiHKax: He MiniaÔTe jiionebKHx cnpaB 3 BoníCbKHMH, MHpCKHX 3 nyXOBHHMH, 3eMHHX 3 HeÔeCHHMH, HOHaCHHX 3 BÍHHHMH . • . CTHjib IIotíh Haranyc nemo cTHjib BrnneHCbKoro, jinine jieKCHKa IIotíh He Mac ôaraTCTBa Ta pÍ3HOMaHÍTHOCTH cjiobhhkr BHHieHCbKoro. 7. 3ajiHHiHJiHCH Ř neHKi pyKonHCHi npiömiui, nonacTH CTapiuii, naM'HTKH nOJieMÍKH i npOTH KaTOJIHKÍB, i npOTH ,,JIK)TOpÍB". IX CTHJIb TpoxH npocTiniHH, ajie i b HHX MOJKHa 3HaÖTH b 3apon,Ky tí caari CTHjiieTH^Hi ejieMeHTH, mo i b TBopax nÍ3HÍHioi' nojieMÍKH (hhb. me EKCKypc II). ľ. IsaH BiniieHCbKHň 1. Ilopyn nojieMicTÍB, mo rochtb hcbmíjio KOMnoHyioTb cboí oÔopoHH Ta HanaRH, 30cepenJKyiOHHCH rojiOBHe Ha npyropjinHHX nn- TaHHHX Ta JIHHie ÍHORÍ HÍnHOCHHHCb HO npHHI^HnOBOÍ nOCTaBH IIH- 232 TaHb KOHCpjiiKTy mďk npaBocjiaB'HM Ta KaTOJiHUTBOM, BHCTynae nncb-M6HHHK, mo no neBHOi Mipii cnopiflHeHHÍi 3 nojieaiicTaMH cboí'm cth-jieM, ib;o nopyniye n tí imTaHHíi, npo akí nmnyTb nojieinicTH, ajie Biflpi3HaeTtCfl Bifl ycix cbo'íx cy*iacHHKÍB, hk He6o Bifl 3eMJii. Bifl- pÍ3HHGTBCíI rOJIOBHe THM, mo BÍH 6 nHCbMeHHHKOM 3 BoJKOrO nO- KjiHKaHHfl. H,e iBaH BHnieHCbKHÔ, oflHH 3 HaÜBHnaTHiniHx yKpaiHCb- KHX nHCbMeHHHKÍB yCÍX HaCÍB, GflHHHH 3 nHCbMeHHHKÍB THX HaCÍB, mo fioro He 3a6yTO, — noro nonyjijipHieTb y hobí nacn niflHic 4>paHKo CBOGK) noeMoK) . 2. BuHieHCbKHH Mac HaflXHeKHH cnpaBJKHboro npopoKa, i TOMy, xoH i bíh HacTo 3ajiHHiaGTbCH npH miTaHHHx flpyropiiflHHX, cyne-pe^kh npo Iii flpyropHflHi nnTaHHH bíh yiwic cnojiynnTH b neBHy nijiicTb Ta OBÍHTH flyxoM TaKoro 6i6jiiOHoro naTocy, hkhh 3Mymy-BaB HHTana 3po3yMÍTn a6o BÍfl^yTH, mo cnpaBa fifle flificHO He npo Apiömmj, a npo ocTaHHÍ nHTaHHH pofly jnoflCbKoro. Ajie BHineHCb-khô He jiňme CTHjiicTHHHO niflHocHTbcH Hafl cBoiMH cynacHHKaMH-no-jieMÍcTaMH, — He piflKo bíh, 3ajiHuiaiOHH Ha 6on,i KOHKpeTHÍ flpiô-HHU.Í nojieMÍKH (60 npo hhx, mobjihb, yace nncaJiH íhuií), BHcyBae TaKÍ npHHI^HnOBÍ, PCHOBOnOJIOJKHÍ nHTaHHfl, HKÍ D;ÍJIK0M BHBOflHTb fioro ,,noJieMÍKy" 3 paMOK fioro nacy Ta noro Kpa'ÍHH: TaK, Hanp., BÍH CTaBHTb nHTaHHÍI npo XpHCTÍHHCbKHH ifleaji iíepKBH, — CnpaBJKHH i^epKBa He namBHa, hk KaTOJiHUBKa, a nepecjiiflyBaHa, TepnjiíiHa, hk CTapoxpncTHíiHCbKa. TaKa ocHOBonojiojKHa nocTaßa nnTaHb Han3BH-HaÖHO BiflCBÍHcyc Ta OJKHBJIHG ,,nojieMÍKy": ahbhhm HHHOM iCTOpHKH jiÍTepaTypn BÖa^ajiH b TaKHx mícuhx „yxHJi" BnmeHCbKoro Bifl „ro-jiobhhx nnTaHb" pejiiriimnx cnepe^aHB. BHineHCbKHÖ flemo CTHJieM Haraflyc cynacHnx fioMy nojieMÍCTÍB, xoH i 6e3Me>KHo nepeBHinye ix jiiTepaTypHHM yMÍHHHM (see oflHO, HH noxoflHTb ne „bmíhhíi" 3 HaflXHeHHíi hh 3 HKOiCb jiixepaTypHoi TpaflHqii). ToJioBHa fioro cnijibHa pnea 3 cynacHHKaMn — peTopn3M, He b HKOMycb HeťaTHBHOMy 3HaneHHÍ nboro cjioBa, a b ceHci neBHOi jiiTepaTypHOi (popMH, mo bcí flyMKH BflaraG b (popMy npoMOBH, 3bo- POTÍB flO HHTaHÍB, 3aKJIHKÍB, 3aKHflÍB, 3anHTaHb . . . Ajie KOJIH mh B ocTpo3bKHX HH jibBÍBCbKHX nojieMÍCTÍB MorjiH npnnycKaTH BmiHB pe- TOpHHHOl JiaTHHCbKOl UIKOJIH, CTHJIb BnUieHCbKOrO 3aHaflT0 BHíe He ,,n.inepoHÍHHCbKHO" Ta fioro norjiHfln Ha JiaTHHCbKy Kyjibiypy 3a-HaflTO HeťaTHBHi, mo6 myKaTH fljKepeji fioro jiiTepaTypHol Tex-híkh b aHTHHHifi peTopniji. IlaTOC fioro ,,6í6jiíhhhh", ajie cthjiícthh-ho bíh He nyjKe Haranyc CTapo3aBÍTHnx npopoKÍB. HanneBHÍnie bíh fle^oro HaBHHBCH 3 CBaTOOTeqbKoi nponoßifli, Monce Hanoijibine bía 3jiaToycToro, ajie i TyT cxonticTb He 3aHaflTO BejíHKa. 233 Bin. CBoix cy^acHHKÍB BHineHCbKHH oflpÍ3HHGTbca onHa^íe ro-jiOBHe, oahhm: bíh, xo*i Moace i 3aaeatHHH Bia, cboto nacy Ta BHy- TpilIIHbO 3B'íI3aHHH 3 hum (3BHHaHHÍ TBepn,HCeHHH npO „MaJiy OCBÍ- neHicTb" BHHieHCbKoro 6e3nin,CTaBHÍ), aae i peHecaHC, i pecpopMania naa Hfcoro — anine 3'aBHina ninynany, po3Kaany, aHTHxpncTOBoro „co6jia3Hy". Te, ^oro bíh Saacae, g noBopoT no BÍ3aHTÍHCbKOi Tpa-ninjii, no CTapoBHHH. Koan BHineHCbKHH i HaaeacHTb no yKpamcb-Koro „peHecaHcy", to bíh y HbOMy g CaBaHapojioio, inp He 3ynHHHB-CH 6, Maöyrb, nepen. 3HHineHHHM ycix „HanÖaHb" hoboi KyjitTypn. Cbíh no3HTHBHHH ineaa bíh He BHcaoBHB npicaanHO, ne po3BHHyB. Ma-6yrb, mh 3HaHHijiH 6 TyT He jimiie n.incHy cTapoBHHy, a ä npcHTb HOBOI nÍ3HbOÍ BÍ3aHTÍHCBKOÍ mícthkh (re3HXaCTÍB) , IHO 3HaHHIJia C06í npnryaoK HKpa3 Ha AcpOHÍ, ne npoacHB öinbiny qacTHHy CBoro hcht-th Ta BinKÍJiíi 3BepTaBca 30 cboix cynacmmiB i 3eMaaKÍB BnnieHCb-khh. He BHnanKOBo 3 TBopiB BnuieHCBKoro bh^pyKyBaHo 3a noro 3khtth, aHHie OflHH, Ta fi TO TaKHH, IUO JIHIHe nHCaHHH BHHieHCBKHM, aae ne bíh BHCTynac ak npen.cTaBHHK acpoHctKHX černím, „Acpom-tíb". noaeMÍCTH Ha YicpaiHi Ta ix Men,eHaTH 30bcím He CTaBHJiH co6i thx MaKCHMaJIbHHX 3aBnaHb, npO hkí MpíflB BHineHCbKHH: bohh xo- Tian anine oóopohhth npaBocjiaBHy nppKBy Bin, HanamB, BHineHCbKHH MpÍHB naneBHe npo nepeMory cnpaBHCHboro npaBocjiaBHoro xpHCTHHHCTBa Ha« ycÍMa ÍHUIHMH „ceKTaMH h BÍpaMH" (paflHKajibHy HacTaBy MaeMO reac y nÍ3HÍo „nepecTopo3Í" Ta b MyacHHH,a BpoH-CbKoro); yKpaÍHCbKÍ npaBocaaBHi yTBopnaH neBHy cHHTe3y 3axin.-Hbo'i Ta cxinHboi' KyjibTypn (OcTpo3bKa niKoaa) Ta 3 kohíhhm po-kom Bce ôijibin ^epnaan 3 CKpaÖHinji 3axin,Hbo'i KyabTypn, aae BHineHCbKHH He npHHMaB Hi^ioro, hio npHxoflHjio 3 3axony; Ha YKpa-ihí nparHyjiH ctbophth TaKi yMOBH, b hkhx npaBocjiaBHa nppKBa Morjia 6 icHyBaTH b Meacax ToniniHboro nepacaBHoro Ta cycnijibHoro yCTpOK), BHHieHCbKHH, BHXOnaaH 3 ineaJÚB CTapOXpHCTHHHCbKOrO acKeTH3My, po3BHHyB TaKy panHKajibHy HeraTHBHy KpHTHKy nojii-th^Horo Ta coirifuibHoro aany, mp íí ho3hthbhok> npoTHaeacmcTio Moraa CTara jranie nporpaMa „napcTBa Boacia Ha 3eMai". Híxto 3 cyaacHHKÍB ne Miř MpiaTH npo nepeTBopeHHa Peai nocnoaHToi Ha D;apcTBo Boace, i, hk6h y BnnieHCbKoro 3HaöniaHca peaabHi Ta aKTHBHÍ npHOÍHHHKH, bíh CTaB 6h naa cboix yKpaiHCbKHx cynac-hhkíb aionimoio Heöesne^iHoio. Hphoíhhhkíb BnnieHCbKHH He 3HaH-moB, yace TOMy, mp híhkoí' KOHKpeTHoi nporpaMH He po3BHHyB j cy-MacHHKH (noMHjiKOBo) BBaacaaH noro 3a CBoro cniabHHKa; TOMy TBopH noro HHTaHo, nepenHcyBaHo (aae He HpyKOBaHo), Ta TOMy flifiniaH BOHH i no Hac. 23Jf 3. JXo HaHxapaKTepHCTHMHiiiiHX cthjiícthmho roicaHb BiniieH-c&Koro (flKHx HaM BiflOMo 19, nopyn 3rafl,aHoro anCTa „Acpohítíb") HajiejKHTb OAHH 3 noro paHiniHx TBopiB , .riiicaHHG flo Bcix y JlaflCb-kíh 3eMJii" — b HbOMy Bhuichcbkhh fliöcHo 3BepTaeTbca He jinnie flo npaBocaaBHHX: ,,To6i b 3eMjii, 30BeMOH IIoabCbKOH, MeuiKaiOHOMy jnon,y BcaKoro B03pacTa, cTaHy i npeaoaceHCTBa, Hapofly PycbKOMy, JlHTOBCbKOMy i JlaflCbKOMy b po3fliaemix ceKTax i Bipax po3MaiTHX ceií rjiac b cjiyx fla apcTHace. 03HaMyio BaM, hk 3eMaa, no KOTopoö HoraMH BaniHMH xoflHTe b Henace b aíH3Hb cík> poaíflemGM npoi3Be-flem GCTe i hhhí oÖHTacTe, Ha Bac nepefl rocnoflOM BoroM naaneTb, CTorHeTb i BonicTb, npocann CTBopHTeaa, hko fla nouiaeTb cepn CMepT-HHH . . ., KOTopHH 6h Bac BHryÖHTH i icKopeHHTH... Mir" (mothb, ih,o noro 3ycTpÍHacM0 Bace b Cepaniona BoaoflHMHpcbKoro). „JXe hhhí b JlaflCbKÍH 3eMai Bipa? JJp Hafliacfla? .ZJe aioöoB? J\e npaBaa i cnpa-BenaHBicTb cyfla? Jle noKopa? ^e GBaHreabCKiiG 3anoBifli? JJ,e anocToabCbKaa nponoBiflb? Jle cehthx 3aK0HH?..". „J\& npoKJiflii 6yayTb BaaflHKH, apxHMaHflpHTH i iryMeHH, KOTopic MOHacrapn no-3anycTÍBaan i cpoabBapKH ceôi 3 míct cbhthx noHHHHan i cemh TiabKO 3 cayroBHHaMH i npnaTeabMH ca b hhx Tiaecne i ckotcbkh nepexo-BHBaioTb. Ha MicTax cBaTHx aencann, rponii 36iipaiOTb. 3 thx flo-xonJB, . .. flÍBKaM CBOIM bího roTyiOTb. Chhh oflißaiOTb. 3KeHH yKpa-niaroTb. Cayrn yMHoataiOTb. Bapsn cnpaByiOTb. npnaTeai oöora-nyiOTb. KapHTH 3naeoflyaa", „3a*ianKa", „06-anneme fliaBoaa MHpoAepJKiia", „TepMma o aati", HapeniTi (fleet Koao 1614 p). „no3opHme MHcaeHHoc". y TBopax cboíx BnuieHCbKHH nopymyc He annie aKTyaabHi nn-TaHHa peairiHHoí 6opoTb6n („yTerani ermcKomi"), TBopn noro nifl-HocflTbca Ha« HacoM, roBopann, sm y UHTOBaHHX ypnBKax, npo aKTyaabHi TOfli, aae aKTyaabHi i 3aBacflH nHTaHHs. 235 4. IJepKOBHa nporpaaia BmneHCBKoro b ycix fioro TBopax npo-CTa, — n,e yTpHivraTHca CTaporo: „np uepicBH Ha npaBHJio coöopHoe xoaiTe i Bo BciM no ycTaBy nepKOBHOMy — Hi npnaaraioine 03 CBoero yMHCJia inp, Hi oTiMaioine. .Hi po33Hpaioine MHiHieM tbo-prre". Aae BHHieHCbKHH HaßiTt 3a yrpHMaHH5i nepecTapiJioro: „GßaH-reaia i AnocTOJia b nppKBH Ha jiHTyprii' npocTHM h3hkom He bhbo-poaafiTe". Xoa Bin i noro3H*yeTbca mp Ha nponoßinb HapoflHoio mo-bok>: „fljia BHpo3yMiHHa aioflCBKoro nonpocTy TOBKyfiTe i BHKJia-aaHTe", aae Bei khoth Tpeöa Ha fioro 3yMKy „caoBeHCbKHM a3HK0M" SpyKyßaTH (caoß'flHCBKHH H3HK ßiH CTaBHTb BHinp i rpenbKoro i aa-THHCBKoro). Ta B3araai „Hh He ainme Te6i isyanrn HacocaoBen>, IIcaaTHp, AnocToa i GßaHreaie... i 6hth npocTHM 6oroyro3HHKOM i acH3HB BiaHyio noayaHTH, Heacean nocTHrayTH ApncTOTeaa i Ilaa-TOHa i dpiaococpoM MynpHM ca b acH3Hi ceä 3beth, i b reeHy OTiTH? Po3cyp;h.r" JJaa Hboro npocxo 3aÖB0 po33yMyBaTH Has nHTaHHaM ymi, aKy BiH BiflKH^ae Bace TOMy, inp BOHa mpcb HOBe (rpaioan caoßaMH „yma" Ta „lOHaa"). BiH He Kanae BaacHe 30 öopoTbön, xoa i paflHTb: „He npHHMyfi-Te" CBainemiKiB, mo BHCBaaeHi npoTH „npaBna CBaTHx oTenb". Phm 3aa Hboro — BaBHaoH, Kopoab, nocraabKH Bin niATpHMye ymio, — HaByxonpHocop. BiH cnosißaGTbca nopaTyHKy b'ir iHaHBinyaabHoro HOTpHMyßaHHa CTapnx „npaBHa". Koan n.i npaBHaa i „MaaeHbKi npaBHabi^a", to Hexafi „npaBocaaBHHG y MaaeHbKHx npaBHaenb npn npaB^i flOMa cn^aTb; Hexan npiwa y MaaeHbKHx npaBHaen> icTHHH uiaHyioTb, Hexan 30Ma MaaeHbKHMH npaBHabnaMH ca cnacaiOTb, ko-TopHMH... 3aneBHe cnacyTbca. A bbi ioac TaM 3 BeaHKHMH CKapacH-hhmh aKO xoaeTe TaK co6i nocTynyÖTe". Hp (piaococpia He öopoTbön, a anme nacHBHoro onopy. 5. Hk BmneHCbKHH 3a CTapoBHHy, 3a AnocToa i GBanreaiio Ta npoTH „ApncTOTeaa fi üaaTOHa", 3a HppKOBHo-caoB'aHCbKi KHHrn Ta npoTH „BHBopoaeiiHa" i'x „npocTHM a3HK0M", Toro caMoro Bin BHMa-rae i Bia, niKoan: rpaMaTHKy („rpen,bKyK> ian caoBeHCbKyio") BiH ine BH3HäG, aae naai — „bo MicTo aacHBOG njaaeKTHKH" — „aacocao-Benh", 3aMicTb aoriKH Ta peTopHKH — „SoroyroRHO-MoaeÖHHH ncaa-rap", saniicTb (piaocodpii — oktoüx („ocbMoraacHHK"), HaßiTb i „GBaH-reabCbKyio i anocToabCbKyio nponoßiab" Tpeßa BaiiTH 3 TOBMaaeHHaM „npocTHM, a He xhtphm". „iaocodpia, He norancbKoro yaHTeaa ApncTOTeaa, aae npaßocaaBHHX IleTpa i nasaa". B ni3Hinii poKH Bin Ha-BiTb onpanboByc naflH 3pyKy „coöopHHKa", 36ipKH, xpecTOMaTii bh-Kaioano caiß Xphctobhx, anocToabCbKHx Ta CBaTooTaecbKHx, naaH, iqo fioro noaacra 33iöcHHB 3a 150 pomB II. BeaHHKOBCbKnfi (rhb. po3-3ia V). He shbho, inp BHmeHCbKHH, hk bhsho 3 fioro aHCTiß, noTpa- 236 iiHBiiiH Ha Yřipamy b p. 1605/6, 6yB Ayace HenpHGMHO BpaaceHHŘ thm „3axÍAHHH,i>khm" KyjibTypHHM pyxoM, mp nonaBca TaM y npö nac. A B OHHOMy 3 CBOlx OCTaHHÍX TBOpÍB BÍH (3 KOHKpeTHOrO npnBOAy) npocTo 3aKHftae cynacHHKaM yxHji no jiaTHHCtKHX B3Ípn,ÍB. IH,onpa3-Aa, b nen nač (nepeA 1621 p.) 3ÖHpaaHCb 3aKJiHKaxH BnineHCbKoro Ha ynpaiHy, aae JieABe hh bíh 6yB 6h 3acnoKOGHHn KyabTypHHM CTa-hom piAHoro Kpaio, hk6h fioro toaí noöannB, 6. BaacHe tômh AyxoBHoi KyabTypn He TaKi načri y BnuieH-CBKoro, hk TeMH KyabTypn 30bhíhihboi, acHTTbOBoi, noôyry. Bíao-Ma Ta BeaHHe3Ha 3MÍHa, any BHKjiHKaB y noöyTi Iloatmi peHe-eaHc. Uh 3MÍHa nepeKHHyaaca ä Ha yKpamcbKe hljihxctctbo, 3a-xonnaa nonacra i yKpamcbKe AyxoBeHCTBO. IliAynaA yKpaiHCbKoro AyxoBeHCTBa nepeA ynieio bíaomhh, aae Ay>Ke MoacaHBo, mo noae-míhho bíh nepeôiabmeHHH Ta noro nepeHeceHo 3 OKpeMHX BHnaAKÍB Ha Bce AyxoBeHCTBo (bíaomo, h\o b HÍMeHHHHÍ niAynaA KaToaímb-Koro AyxoBeHCTBa 3a nacÍB JIiOTepa Ta pecpopMaijii Bace BeaHKOK) Mipoio 6yB cnpaBOK) MHHyaoro, m,o He nepeniKOAHJio öoMy rpara b aiTepaTypi pe(popMan,ii BeaHne3Hy poaio). B KoacHOMy pa3i Bh-inencbKHÖ annie e ancTi ao „yTeKuiHX enHCKoniß" nanaAae Ha aíhchí npoBHHH OKpeMHX oci6. B íhhihx aHCTax bíh MaaiOG KapTHHy acHTTH AyxoBeHCTBa b núiOMy; BOHa Moace fi 6yaa npaBnabHa b OKpeMHX BHnaAKax, aae OKpeMÍ BHnaAKH ne rpaioTb rjix. BmneH-cbKoro poai: noro KapTHHa 3araabHa. Ta, hk ÓanHMO 3 AeaKHX TBopiß, öoro TaK caMo oßypioG ö noôyr CBÍTCbKHX aioAeö. Bo ňoro ÍAeaa B3araai no3a MeacaMH MoacaHBOCTH — ne 3araabHnn Ma-HacTHp rjih BCboro aMACTBa. Heoô'GKTHBHa, rinepOoaÍHHa KapTHHa, mp i"i MaaiOG BinneHCbKHH, 3 noraaAy jiÍTepaTypHoro HaA3BH-HaÖHo n,ÍKaBa: ne nepina cnpoöa noöyTOBnx KapTHH b yKpamcbKiS aiTepaTypi; Ta ni KapTHHH nncam ninpoKO Ta ÖapBHCTO. Micna n,i bíaomí S jxyyKe nacTo nHTyBaanca. Ocb npnKaaA'. BnnieiicbKHn 060- pOHHG neHI^h, IHO He bmíg BeCTH CBÍTCbKHX p03M0B, 6o BÍH He p03y- MÍGTbca Ha ,,thx MHornx Mncax, nÍBMHCKax, npncTaBKax nopHHx i ma-pnx, nepBOHHX i 6ianx loxax, i Mtiornx cKJiaHHuax i KeanniKax, i bh-Hax, MyniKaTeaax, MaaMa3Ínx, aaaKOHTax, peByaax, MeAax i nnBax po3MaÍTHx", bíh ,,b cTaiyTax, KOHCTHTyqiax, npaBax, npaKTHKäx, cBa-pax ... noMHcaa o aíHBOTÍ bíhhím nÍAHHTH i bmícthth ne MoaceTb ... B CMÍxax, pyraHHHX, npoacHOMOBax, MHoroMOBCTBax, KyHiniax, 6aa3eHCTBax, niHAepcTBax.,. noMncaa o hchbotí bí*ihím bhaíth hí-Koan ch He cnoAOÖHTb...". Po3yMÍGTbca, ne npnpoAHo, Koan Bn-meHCbKHH oÖBHHyBaHyG cnncKonÍB: „JlynHTe i 3 ryMHa CTorn i 06*0-porn BoaoHHTe. CaMÍ 3 cboímh cayroBHHaMn npoKopMaiOGTe ohux TpyA i noT KpHBaBHH, aeacann i cíah^h, CMÍionncb i rpaionn noacH- 237 pacTe, ropijiKH npenyiiia.HHG KypHTe, iiiibo TpoanoG npeBHÖopHOG BapHTe i b nponacTb HeHacHTHoro npeßa BjiHBaGTe... Bh íx noTa MÍIIIKH nOBHi - rpiniMH, 3jiothmh, TaJiapäMH, nÍBTaJIHpaMH, opru, HeTBepTaKH i noTpiÜHHKH HanHxacTe, cyMH poKJiapacTe b niKaTy-jiax... A tig oiflHHi^i niejiiora, 3a mp cojih KynHTH, He MaiOTt'. „TÍG XJIOnH 3 OflHOG mhcohkh nOJIHBKy ajIBÔO ÖOpiHHK XJieOHIOTB, a MH npepca no KÍJitKopecaTb nÍBMHCKÍB po3Ma'íthmh CMaKäMH y-(papöoBaHHx noHCHpaeM". y hhcjichhhx nopiÖHHx Micn,ax xotíjih ÖaHHTH ,,COqÍHJILHHH npOTeCT" - b mOCHOCTÍ i^e XpHCTHHHCbKO- acKeTHHHHÖ npoTecT, Ta npoTecT He npoTH „rniTy", a npoTH Bctoro cynacHoro cyenbitCTBa ä KyjibTypH. BnnieHCbKHH JiHnie 3pipKa 3rapyc pyxoBHy Kyjn/rypy, ajie BOHa pjia Hboro opHaKOBa 3 „Maji- Ma3ÍaMH" Ta „niBMHCKaMH"; BÍH OpHaKOBO i npOTH „KOHCTHTy- niií", i npoTH „KOMepiň", i nporn kojihpok Ta meppiBOK.! H[e Bee, pa30M 3 jioriKoio, peTopHKOK), rijiaTOHOM Ta ApicTOTejieM g no3a MejKaMH acKexHHHoi nepHenoi KyjibTypH. 7. Haööijibui 3arajibHO, Haiiöijibui npHHin-moBo ehcjiobjiwg Bh-nieHCSKHH cBOi norjiapn Ha „cbít" b ,,06jiHHeHmo pnaBOJia MHpopepnc-n,a", piajiory pnaBOJia 3 „rojiaKOM i CTpaHHHKOM", mo penpe3eH-TyG EnnieHCBKoro caMoro. Ua aKacb napajiejia po ,,JIa6ipHHTy cbí-Ty" KoMeHCbKoro; jiHine BHineHCbKHH He 3MajibOBye HHTaneBi bcí ccpepn CBÍTCbKoro JKHTTH, a oÖMencyeTLca Ha TOMy, mp nepeHOCHTL ^iHTana b cHTyanjio Xpncra npn cnoKyci noro phhbojiom. 3 npoMOBH PHHBOJia BHaBJíaGTbca, mp bíh HeoÖMeaceHHÖ naH Hap y c i m a c 6hth, nap noKJiOHH mh ca, a to6í paM.. . Gcjih xoneni reTMaHOM íjih KaHU,jiepoM 6hth . . . , 6ypn pocKOHajinö yropHHK míh, a to6í paM. Gcjih xonem KopojieM 6hth, oönnaiicH mhí Ha oípipy b recHy BÍHHyio, a to6í i KopojieBCTBo paM... Gcjih xo-neni XHTpi^eM, MancTpoM, peMecHHKOM pyKopijibHHM 6yTH i ppyrnx BHMHCJiOM npeB03mÍTH, mhm 6h gch i op cycip npocjiaBHBCH i rponíH-KH coôpaTH Mir, nap noKJioHH mh ca, a Te6e ynpeMyppio, Hayny, Ha-CTaBjno i b pocKOHajiicTb TBOGro npameHHa mhcjib tbok> npHBepy. Gcjih xoneni noxoTH TÍJiecHoi HacHTHTHca i rocnopapeM poMy, ppeBa i 3eMJii niMaTa Ha3BaTnca, nap noKJioHH mh ca, a tboio bojiio icnoji-mo, a to6í JKeHy npHBepy, xaTy paM, 3eMJiio papyío . .. tojibko noínm, nonparHH i mhí ca noKJioHH, bch chh a3 to6í paM". „CipaHHHK" Bip- nOBÍpaG pHHBOJIOBÍ B ÍMeHÍ BCÍX JHOpeH! „. . . ULITO 3a nOJKHTOK 3 Toro 238 flapoBaHHH, KOJiH OA Te6e, flHHBoaa, 3a ropflicTb 3 Heöece Ha äíji 3BepaceHoro, tog aoctoihctbo npiniMy, a He on. HeÖecHoro Bora?... HItO HC 3a nOJKHTOK 3 TOG BJiaCTH naCTHpCbKOl, KOJIH H pa6, HeBÍJIb-HHK Í BH3eHB BÍHHHH rpÍXOBÍ GCMb, 3a KOTOpHH B reGHy BI^HyiO OTH-fly?. . . . hito HC MH 3a nOHCHTOK 3 TOG MaJIOl pOCKOHIH, KOJIH H BO- bíkh b orm nennen i cMaacHTHca 6yay?... HIto hc mh 3a noncHTOK 3 Toro CBocro MHpcbKoro THTyjiy, kojih h ijapcTBa HececHoro th-Tyji noryöjiio? UIto hc mh 3a noHCHTOK 3 Toro . . . KpojieBCTBa, KaHn,-jiepcTBa ajiL.60 BOGBOflCTBa, kojih a CHHOBCTBO 6oacie CTpany, 6e3-CMepTHHH THTyji? . . IIIto hc mh 3a iiojkhtok 3 cjiaBH i necTii cyciA-CKOi, kojih h b jiHKy. .. floöpe Bory yroflHBUiHX caaBHTHca He öyfly ? DU/TO HC MH 3a nOJKHTOK 3 MHOrHX {pOJIBBapKÍB Í 03Ho6 flOMKy, KOJIH h KpacHHX ABopiß ropHoro IcpycaMHaa He y3pio. .. LIIto hc mh 3a nOHCHTOK 3 TOG HCeHH, kojih H XpHCTa, HCeHHXa (b) CBOG1 JIOHCHHni cepAenHiä npinneAinero ycnokoithch i cnoanHyra, bhaíth He Mory? .. IIIto hc 3a noHCHTOK 3 tog Majioi 3eMaHH,i i rpyHTHKy, kojih cto-pHHHo'i 3anjiaTH peneHHoii XpncTOM b n.apcTBÍ HeôecHÍM 3a ocTäBJieHic CHX He npHHMy i HCHBOTa BÍHHoro HacaiAHHKOM i AiAHHeM 6hth He Mory? IIpeTo fla 3Ha6in, flHHBoae, hk h oa Teöe hcohh, AOMy, 3eMjii AonacHoi He nparay, to6í noKJioHHTHca He xony. TocnoAy Bory. ., noKJioHiocíi i TOMy GAHHOMy nocjiyncy". ByTH „CTpaHHHKOM", , .neabrpHMOM" (cjiobo, mo noro nacTO yacHBae BnineHCbKHH) — up cAHHe MoacaHBe CTaBaemiH xpncTH-HHHHa AO CBÍTy. BmneHCBKHH xotíb 6h CKa3aTH npo ce6e Te caMe, ino CKa3aB CKOBopofla: „Cbít MeHe aoBHB, aae He cniÖMaB". Bo cbít 3a BnuieHCbKHM He jiHine „b rpici aeacHTb", ajie nepeßyßae b noBHiö, Henofliabmii BjiaAi AHHBoaa. Ueň HeBeaHKiiö Aiíiaor Haä-HCKpaßime BHHBaac cTaBaeHHH BnuiencbKoro flo „CBÍTy" Ta bchkoi CBÍTCbKOi KyjibTypH B3araai. 8. HeMac cyMHiBy, mo xpncTHHHCbKHH ifleaa BmneHCbKoro Aynce bhcokhh, U,e Haíijiinnie noKa3yc Ha m öoro CTaBaeHHa ao ôaHHCHboro. I TyT xorian 6anHTH „coijiaabHHH npoTeci". Ajie Bh-nieHCbKHÔ BHMaraG He aKHxocb npaB, „CTaTyTÍB" pjisi hhhchhx kjisc, a xpncTHHHCbKoro SpaTepcTBa bcíx: „JJpöpe! Hexaö ÖyfleTb xjion, KOHceMHKa, ciflejibHHK i niBenb! Aae BcnoMHHrre, hko 6paT BaM piB- hhh y BCÍM GCTb . . . JXjlH. TOrO, ÍHC BO GflHHO TpeinOCTaCHOG 6oHCeCTBO i OAHHM cnocoöoM 3 BäMH ch KpecTHB... I oflHOK) nenariio Ztyxa CBHToro Ha xpHCTÍHHCTBO 3anenaTaH GCTb". BnineHCbKHH, npaBAa, xone 3hhuj;hth pi3HHui, aae i BCTaHOBHTH íhuií, hobí: „noAßiroM i BÍpoK> AiabHOK) MOHceTb 6biTb KOHceMHKa Ofl Bac ainuiHH i imoTaH-bíhuihh". ,,/IaaeKO xaon oa niaaxTHna po3HÍCTb MaeTb. Xto hc gctb xaon i HeßiabHHK? TiabKO toh, KOTpiň MHpy ceMy hko MyacHK, hko 239 xaon, jiKo HaťbiaHenb, ítk HeßiabHHK cayacHTb". „Xto hc gctb maax- THa ? ToT, KOTOpÍH 3 HeBOJIÍ MHpCbKOH K Bory BepHeTt. i CBHHie ca oa TJjyxa CßaToro nopoAHTb". niaax ao Bora BHineHCbKHÜ 3Hae annie BHyTpiuiHiö, AyxoB-hhh; Hen niaax mícthhhhh, niaax caMooHHineHHa Ta npocBtiaeHHa, aK ôoro b TpaAHH.ii CTapoi mícthkh 3H0By BÍAKpnaH acpOHCMci „re- 3HXaCTH": MÍCTHK „CBOG HaniHHH flyUieHOCHOG OHHCTHB . . . i tot CO-CyA Ay^eBHHH Cab03aMH IIOMHB ; nOCTOM, MOaHTBOK), CKOpÖMH, 6i- AaMH, TpyAOM i noABHroM BHHcer, bhhík i BHnoaepoBaB, i hobog hhctog HaciHHH 6orocaoBÍa nociaB," OHHineHHH BeAe a o ,f0CBT>incHÍa yMa, ottj KOToporo ca h rfcao cb"Bthtb, ... 3a KOTopbiivľb HAerb Bt AOcn-BBHiKxt. HeH3peneHHaa paAOCTb, yrkxa, MHpt, caaBa, aHKO-BaHie h TopacecTBo pOBHo co aHreabi". iAeaabHHÍí tioi aiOA^HH rjih BnuieHCbKoro, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, THn onnx „AOcniBinHx", ceÔTO mícthkíb. ,,Con,iaabHa HecnpaBeAaHBicTb" Ta „bhíhihhh Hayna" — ne oÔhabí nepeuiKOAH, mo ctohté. Ha uiaaxy ao BHyTpiuiHboro yAocKO-HaaeHHa. ToMy Bhhichcskhh 6opeTbca npora hhx. I g, b KOHCHOMy pa3i, HecnpaBeAaHBicTio MaaioBaTH ôoro anme hk couiaabHoro pa-AHKaaa Ta KyabTypHoro peaKqioHepa: i „paAHKaaÍ3M" i „peaKuifi-híctb" BHnaHBaiOTb 3 ranÖHiHX Ta kjik BnuieHCbKoro caMoro gahho BaacaHBHX mothbíb — 3 MicTHiHoro acKeTH3My. 9. IloAaionH UHTaTH rjik xapaKTepncTHKH CBiToraaAy BHnieH-cbKoro, MH thm caMHM noAaan MaTepiaa i ajih xapaKTepncTHKH ôoro CTHaio. H,e toh caMHH peTopnaHHH CTHab, mo i CTnab íhihhx noaeMicTÍB, ôoro cyaacHHKÍB. Jlnnie MaGMO b Hboro a^JieKO 6iab-Hiy nHHiHicTb: bíh HaKynnyc eniTeTH, nopiBHaHHa, 3anHTaHHa, 3a-KaHKH. BeaHKe mobhô MHCTenrBo äoro npHBOAHTb ao Toro, mp ne HaKynneHHH ne Bpaacac HenpHGMHO. Eo i hmchhhkh i AÍGCJI0Ba BH_ ineHCbKoro 3aBHCAH BaroBHTi, öapBHcri, cokobhtí. MoBa HaASBHnaS-Ho 6aH3bKa ao „npocToI". Bace BKa3yBaHO Ha Te, mo neä peTopnsM — TpaAHB;ia AyxoBHoi arrepaTypH peHecaHcy. KpiM yKpai'HCbKHX CynaCHHKÍB, BHHieHCbKHH 6aH3bKHÔ noabCbKHM nHCbMeHHHKaM : i Pcgbí, i ByáKOBi, i CKap3Í. Aae pesmi Micna HaraAyiOTb Maäace AocaiBHo i nncaHHa necbKoro npoiecTaHTa TaBaa ^KaaaHCbKoro, me ôiabine Micnb, cTHaicTH^HO cnopiAHennx 3 TBopaMH KoMeHCbKoro. 3aaHHiacTbca annie nHTaHHa, an Mir BnineHCbKHH npn Soro noBHiô Heťau;ii' ycboro MOAepHoro, 30Kpeiwa cbítcbkoí HayKH, TaK nepeÔHa-THca AyxoM cBoro nacy, TaK Ha6aH3HTHca ao peTopiraHoro CTHaio peHecaHcy Ta pecpopManji. Bo bíh caM roBopHTb niaKOM hcho: „A aaiHHio 30 bcím Ha bcím ocTaBHMO... Hi ix HayKH. .. caymaOMO! Hnace ix xHTpocTH Ha Haine . .. noaepoBamc jtohmch! . . Mh ace 6yn.eM ripen, OHHMa ix no eBaHrejiiio — npocTi, rayni, He3Jio6jiHBi! /tocHTb HaM cnacTH Hac caarax!" JHyx nacy hí6h nepeMir BnmeHCbKoro — ako CTHJiicTa. Ajie bíh e fljifl nac oflHHM 3 HaHJiinniHX npHKaafliB Toro, mp reHiaabmni nncbMeHHHK Moace nepepocTH cboio cynacmcTb, oÖMeacemcTb cthjik) CBoro nacy, cbíh BJiacHHH oÖMeaceHHH CBÍToraafl. Bo nnniHicTio CBOrO CTHJIK), OpHfiHaJIbHiCTK), CnoayHeHHflM nepeOÖTflJKeHOCTH 3 jierocicTK) bíh HaöJiHMcaGTbCfl ho HaôJiinniHx B3ÍpnÍB ßapoKKOBoro CTHJIK) (flHB. p03flÍJI V). JS,. CaxHpa 1. HeMae cyMHißy, mp HeBejiHKHH caTHpHMHHÖ TBip inci floÖH g öaraTo b nomy chíhitomom hobhx naciß. lipo ni hobí nacH roBopHTb i öoro cpopMa: cMijiHBa rpa pi3HHMH 3HaneHHaMH thx caMHx cjiíb, naponjÖHa nocTaTb CTapocBticbKoro „KauiTeaaHa CMOJiencbKoro" My-CHTb pa30M i penpe3eHTyBaTH ineajin CTapnx naciB, i — neBHHM hhhom — nojieMÍ3yBaTH npoTH HHx, BHcyBaiOMH nepefl om bck) ix n.pi6'íi3KOBy, npoBÍHD;iHJibHy 3apo3yMÍjiicTb. -Hkhh He Majinö TBip cboím po3MipoM, hkí He JieTKOBajKHi neani 3 fioro noTenÍB, c a m h h ôoro ťaTyHOK Bace cBinneHHa npo hkhhcb hobhh CTynÍHb „aÍTepaTypHOCTH". GflHHa carapa, nip niSinaa flo Hac 3 16 ct. — np HCBejíHKa „npo-MOBa" „KaniTejiíiHa CMOJieHCbKoro MejieíHKa", mo ii hí6h BHrojiomeHo Ha cohmí 1589 pony nepefl KopojieM UCHťMOHTOM III. Hip ^ npoMOBa — napoflia, ne ahbhhm hhhom, He 3pa3y nOMiTHan ň flocaiflHHKH („npo-MOBy" BHflaHo cnonaTKy hk icTopHHHy naM'flTKy). 3míct ii aochtb npocTHÔ: npoMOBenb, mp „Ha reTaKHX'b sT^^j^axn, hhkojih He 6biBaa"b h 3Td KopoaeMT> ero MHaocTiio HHKoan He sacEflaat", roBopHTb npo Bee, mp npHÔne fioMy Ha flyMKy; aae, roaoBHe, Hanaflac Ha hobí nacn — Bifl hímijíb, mp ix yaioôHaH hobí Kopoai, flo „Kypeô roaory3Hx", ap „KOHeii flpHťaHTOB", flo roflHHHHKa, mp 3a ôoro aaroflaceHHa floBO-flHTbca naaTHTH Mafiace CTÍabKH, CKiabKH KonrcyBaB hobhô roflHHHHK i t. fl. HaTOMÍCTb BHXBaaac CTape . . . 2. JIÍTepaTypHa Texmica „npoMOBH" BaacHe HeMyflpa: no-6iao-pycbKH nncaTH 6yao aBTopoBÍ, MaöyTb, He BaacKO (3pa30K mh HaBean Bace: „reTaKbin", reTo", „reToro" i t. fl., „HaKoan", „HacMOTpbiyca", „MoymcoRľb" i t. fl.), He flyace acypHBca aBTop i floôopoin ByabrapH3-míb: i mpflo hímuíb Ha KopoaÍBCbKÍH cayacöi, i nipflo BaacHHx 3eMaa-kíb, mp niflflaaHca nyaciö MOfli, 6aacaHHa MeaeniKa Te caMe — „fla Koan acb 6bi a reToro nop Ta KyaaKOMt bt> Mopfly", „a Koan 6t> reTaKoro 6"fcca KyaaKOMT. bt> Mopfly, 3a6biB-b 6bi flpyrbix MyTbiTbi"; HÍMen;b a6o öoro aciHKa „floporHivrb rmacMoivrb (6Í3aMOM) BOHaeTi/', 24í TaK CaMO H 3eMJIHKH, npHXHabHHKH MOH.H - „XOTb Hama KOCTKa, Cfl- HaKO coÖaabHMt mhcomt, oöpocaa h BOHaert". Hapemxi TyT i mobhí rpaiHKH, nayTaHHH ayauix caiß („nopiyraae hjih cpopTyraae"). 3pia,-Ka g pHMH („KopoaeBaan, hto BoeBonaMH öbißaan"). IH.on,o 3MicTy, to ROTenn „npoMOBH" noSyaoBani Ha HeBianoBia,-hoctí 3MÍCTy „ceHTeHqin" 30 dpopMH — npoMOBH Ha cohmí: 3Míct Ha-piícaHb MeaeuiKa noBCHKn,eHHO-aíHTTbOBHH, dpopMa — 3MyniyBaaa 5 cnoflißaTHca aKHxocb iiojiítuihex CKapr. HoaiTHHHa CKapra annie oana — „hímh,í" Ha cayacôi Kopoaa, Bce imne — TpHMaHHa „cayr-aaxiB", „KOHeH-n,pHraHTÍB", „roaory3HX Kypeň", KyniBaa ro-nHHHHKa, „appori cyKHť" iqo HocHTb nam, — Bce ne ocoohctí cnpaBH RBopaH. I nan MeaeniKO, mo CKapaíHTbca i Ha Koueö i Ha aaxÍB-Ko-hioxíb, i Ha ronHHHHK, i Ha nppori cyKHi, annie noKa3ye, mo bíh c a m, nin,aaioaHca BnaHBOBi Moan yce He npHÖHHB np CBoro noôyTy — i CKapacHTbca, OTace, BaacHe, Ha canioro ce6e. CTapoBHHa, inp II naH MeaeuiKo BHXBaaae, Mae nonmHHHH xa-paKTep, — u;e, nonepine, „npHMÍTHB" — „6e3 HoraBHUb, hk EepHapan-hh, ryaaan", hochhh copoaKH „30 kíctok"; nopya n,boro — CTape aíHTTH 6yao cHTiine, amac HOBe, — „npHCMaKÍB" He 3Haan; aae CTpaBH, mo nepeaiaye „naH KaniTeaaH" — He 3ai: rycKa 3 rpn6-KaMH, Kamna 3 nepaHKOM, neaiHKa 3 n,HÔyabKOio a6o aacHHicoM, a „Ha npenHuiHHG npcTaTKH" — „Kama pnaíOBaa 3 inadppaHOM". I Ky-Menne npoTHCTaBaeHHa „BeHrepcbKoro BHHa", mo noro, MOBaaB, aaB-Hinie He 6yao, tíh „MaaMa3Íi" (MaaBa3ÍI), any „ckpomho rnaan", — i MaabBa3Ía 6yaa He apmeBa! Ilopya n.boro — ijiaKOM KapHKaiypHa caMOBneBHemcTb — no-aHHaioaH Bia, Toro BpaaceHHa, mo naH KaniTeaaH „aK no-noMOBOMy" BÖepeTbca, cnpaBaae Ha „MaaacoHicy cbok>", „mo HaTiniHTbca i Ha-CMOTpÍTb(ca) Ha MeHa He MoaceTb", — aac no 3ran,KH npo Te, hk „He TiabKH b CMoaeHCKy, aae i b Mo3npy" paanancb, „noro 6 Mya-poro 30 sac Ha tot 3'*Í3n, BHÖpaTH" — i BHÔpaan nana MeaeniKa, mo h npHraaye Kopoaeßi: „to TiabKH Bameö MnaocTH npnnoMHHaio, mo6 3aBcirn,h, CKiabKH ceHaTopiß i namB JIhtobcbkhx npn KopoHi noro MnaocTH 6yao, 6yB 6h h a"... 3. U.H nÍKaBa npiÔHHaKa 3 hkhxcb HaM öanacae He3HafioMHX «ßipcbKo-aiTepaTypHHx Kia, noKa3ye 3obcím imuoro aHTaaa, amaí aHTaai ycix thx TBopiB, mo 3aaHniHanca HaM Bia, nonepenHboľ enoxH, — peairiHHo-noBaaabHHx. Carapa 3aainae i npHBaTHe acHT-Ta CTapocBÍTCbKoro naHCTBa, — naH Meaennco KiabKa pa3ÍB HaTHKae Ha MopaabHHH nin,ynan,, Ha „aioÖHTeabny 6pen.Hio" naHCbKHx „6iao-aíOHOK": i „HÍMeiib" „3 acoHKOio HamonTHBaeTb", i cayra-aax — „CKopo 3 npMy TH, to bíh mobkom npHaacKaGTbCH np híohkh", a6o — 2^2 „KaKTj acepeßeirb pateTt kojio pfkBorLb, KaKt HptiraHTb kojio ko-ôbijľb; npbiHMH acb kt> HeMy hboxt> JIhtbhhobt, Ha CTpaacb, 60 h caivľB ffknKO He ynHjibHyeTB", Hapenixi, i mohh nopyniyioTb epoTHHny CKpOMHÍCTb . . . U.Í HOTKH pOOJIHlb y KOttíHOMy BHnaflKy HMOBipHHM, mp caTHpa Hajiemnxb jjp npHBaTHoi jiiiepaTypu, HKa, MaGyib, y ni ^acH nonajia 3Haxonnxn cBoro HHxa*ia čepen, namB, — xpannnia Ta-Koi jíiTepaTypii Í3 cxojkhmh MOTHBaMH, npTpHMajia aac no 19 ct. U,e ho HGHKoi Mipii — riapajiejiH ho earap 3axÍHHboro penecaHcy Ha cepeHHbOBÍHHy KyjibTypy; jiHuie MOBa Tyx ine He npo KyjibTypy HyxoBHy, hk y cjiaBeTHHx ,,JlHcxax tcmhhx jhohch", a npo cepenHbo-bímhhh noßyx. „IIpoMOBy MejieniKa" cnncyBaHO me h b IT ex. (ajie BÍHHOCHXH 11 nocTaHHH ho 17 ex. 6e3nincxaBHo). E. BipmyBaHHfl 1. rio^axoK yKpaiHCbKoro BipniyBaHHii — 16 ct. Hcho, mo i ho xhx HaciB icHyBajia b Hac aicacb HaponHa nicHa, xoh nepninn 3annc yKpaiHCbKo'i HapoHHOi nicHi MaeMo JiHine 3 npyroi nojioBHHH 16 ex. (1571 p. b rpaMaTHUji Sna EaarocaaBa). Aae 11 cpopMaabHHH xapaK-xep noci He 3'acoBaHO. ni3Hima nicHa nepeöyßaG BeaHKOio Mipoio nifl BnaHBOM MHCTenjbKHX BipuiiB 17-18 ex. HancTapiini „Bipnii" b Eiôaii CnopHHH B3araai BaatKO Ha3Baxn BipuiaMn; b hhx HeMae am neBHOi KiabKoexn CKaaniß y panny, (Hanpincaan: 8, 12, 9, 7, 8, 8, 7, 9, 9, 11), am neBHoro nepryBaHHH phmh, xa ô caMa „pinna" — anme Ryme 3a-raabHe cnÍB3ByHHH (ennHa :: öaynna, caaBi :: noxBajii, Beceaiio :: Hayaemio i r. h-). 3b'h30k 3 nojibCbKHM xa necbKHM BipineM cyiuHÍB-HHit, 3b'h3kh 3 pHTMiKOK) nppKOBHoro cnißy — HeHOCaÍHHíeHÍ. 2. Ocxpo3bKa niKOJia BHCxynae 3 BipmaMH HOBoro xnny. Bipmi (r. ÜMOxpimbKoro) 3'aBaaiOTbca b Eißai'i 1581 p. ToaoBHa ix Baac-xHBicTb: pHMyBaHHa 3aBHínn hbox cycinnix paHKÍB, nonacTH expoepin-Ha öynoBa. Aae phmh noaacxn anme „npH6aH3Hi" (opyatie :: óoacie, o6oK>Hy noSiny, aeexn :: cnacxH i x. n-), KiabKicxb CKaaniß y pan-Ky 3MÍHK>exbCH (Hanp., 13, 21, 15, 12. . .). Toro ac pony bhöuiob xa-Koaí b OcTpo3i cneiíiaabHHH BipnioBaHHH npyK, „XpoHoaoria" Ah-Hpis Phmhií; xyx Manace npaBnabHHH 13-CKaanoBHH po3Mip 3 n,e-sypoio no 7-My cKaani: JKnnoBe cyxo npoman / HnpBOHoe Mope, KopMHa Bor ix Ha nyinn, / He 6nao im rope. y HaööaHacHHH *iac (ho 1605 p.) b pi3HHx Bipmax Ha „kjichhoxh" (repÖH) xomp öamiMo xHxaHHa Miac hjhmh oöoMa xnnaMH — piBHO-cKaanoBHx Ta HepiBHOCKaanoBHx Bipmiß. Jlinme BHxpHMaHHH po3Mip 243 y ji&bíbcbkhx BnnaHHax KintKa poKÍB nÍ3HÍine (BipinoBaHe npHBÍTaH-HH MHTponojihtobí Mhx. Poro3Í ,,IIpoc(poHÍMa" 1591 p.). IIoxoflJKeHHa yKpa'ÍHCBKHx BipniÍB ÍHinoro, „Monepminoro" rany, inp HaöanacyGTBca no nojiBCBKoro Bipmy, n noci ne acHe. Bo, 33a-GTBca, me n,o cepeniiHH 16 ct. HaaeacaB 3ÔipHHK 50-th nepeKaanemix, MaóyTB, 3 HÍMen,BKoi mobh peairiiranx niceHB 3 npoTecTaHTCBKHM 3a-6apBaenaM. MoBa UBoro 3ÔipHHKa xnTaeTBca Miaí yKpa'ÍHCbKoio Ta ôiaopycBKOK) (3a pHMaMH „ť' — iHoai ,,e", iHonj Boahhcbkhh BnnaB 3 50 niceHB ycBoro uiíctb, a lenep 36ipHHK upň, 3flaeTBca, 3a-THHyB. Bipmi iHOfli MaiOTB pißHy KiaBKÍCTB CKaanÍB y panny Ta np6pi pHMH. Tan nicHH npo BTiaeHHa XpncTa Mae cTpoipn Tanoro rany: IIpecToa oh cboh ocTaBna, nornÔHiHX hto6 H36aBHa. PoBHO Bory öoroTBipt CBBiHie npHceanaca b MHp ... Aae nopyn ntoro: Cbht b acaex B03cnaeT, cBeT hoiuhk) oôancTaeT, TMa nornÖHeT, (4) Kkpa HBaaeTca (6) I pHMH, flK 6anHMO, He BHTpHMaHO. Aae ÍHOfli i HeBHTpHMaHHH p03MÍp He ncye BpaaceHHa niceHHoro xapaKTepy: XsaaHTH HanHHaeM, (7) Bora npocaaBaaeM (6) 3a aapBi, *rro mbi 6paan, (7) ot pynn ero npcTaan (8) Xtaai p03MÍp BHTpHMaHHIi: Oh ayiny öaaronarao h naoTB HaM naa npiarao, Ty BÍ>pHO COXpaHHTH Oh caM H3BoaHT 6n,era (MaöyTB „6flŤ,ra", b ceHci „BBaacaTH, caiflKyBara") Hhmcb HecnofliBaHHM e n,OBri (48 BipniÍB, y niaoMy noHan, 1,000 paniciB!) Ta pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍ, cnpaMOBam npora npoTecTaHTÍB („apiflH") Bipmi, nncam, MaöyTB, necB Koao 1590 p., inp npöpe BHTpHMyiOTB po3MÍp i pHMy, HanpHKaap;: O, XpncTe npeÖaarHH, MHaocTHB öynn! cnaoK) TBoeio ÔJiionH tboh aionn . .. (7 CKJiaflíB) (8) m Po36iÖHHKy 3a Bipy pan 0TBep3aein, ÖJiypHHUb i MHxapeö 3 rpixoB OHHiuaeiii. TOMy BCi BipHHl BeJIHHÍG 3aiiTe, cjiaßy i noxBajiy Becejio cniBaiixe. Ui Bipnii cBipqaTb npo xe, mp neBHe HacjiipyBaHHH nojibCbKoi Mexpn-kh öyjio He xane BajKKe Ta npHBopHjio 30 30Chxb npöpnx pe3yjibxa-xíb. MoHieMo npnnycKaxH, mo nj. Bipnii öyjra He g3hhí. Ta noKHin,o ÍHuiHX cynacHHx noniÖHOi hkocxh He 3HaeMo. Po3bhtok yKpamcbKO-ro BipuiyBaHHH HajiejKHXb yjKe uíjikom 17-My cx. (shb. po33Üi V). 3. JlaBpeHxiň 3H3amö y cboüh rpaMaxnni 1596 p. nopaB i xeo-piio Bipmy, ajie aöcojnoxHO HeMOJKJiHBy xa HenpnpaxHy 3,0 yitpam-cbKoro Bipmy: 60 uh xeopin 36y30BaHa Ha po3pÍ3HeHHÍ poßnix xa ko-poxKHX rojiocHHx (soBri e hí6h: h, t, ,,ot", h; KopoxKi: e, o, y; mo-Hcyxb 6yxH i poBrHMH i KopoxKHMH; a, i, ,,K)c", „íjkhiíh"!). Ajie caM aBTop híg'í 3HBH01 xeopii* He poxpHMyBaBCH il b cboix BjiacHHx Bipiuax. 4. OnHOHacHO 3 pmh cnpoÖaMH BipniyBaHHH nocTac hobhíi ťa-TyHOK HaponHOi nicHi: „nyMH". Uefi hobhh K03an,bKHH enoc d,íjikom BHXiCHHB CXapoyKpa'ÍHCbKHH enOC, peiHXKH HKOrO 3aJIHIHHJIHCH JIHHie b npo3aiHHHx nepeKasax aöo b dp o p m i Bipmy, ajie mobho 3MÍHeHÍ Ha pociňcbKiô TepHxopii. „.ZlyMn" 3Í6paHÍ xa 3anncaHÍ Bnepuie b 19 ex., ajie nonacxH npn n,bOMy nepepoôjieHi a6o 3 CTapHH. Moaceino BBaacaTH, inp no-naTKH ,,nyM" npnnanaiOTb Ha 16 ct. 5. JlyMH — Hafl3BHaaÖHo CBoepinHHÖ enoc, enoc 6e3 Beannoro neHTpanBHoro repoa, enoc 3 thh{íhhhm 30 aHOHiMHOCTH. Bmíhhh ncn-xoaorŕqHoií xapaKTepncTHKH b HtoMy nepeBHinyc i cTapnô yKpam-CBKHH i cepöcBKHÖ enoc: hochtb 3ranaTH mnHBinyanbHy xapaKTepnc-THKy Tpbox ôpaTÍB, inp BTenan 3 030Ba, HacTpoi HeBiabHHKÍB y He-Boai, Mapycio BorycaaBKy i t. n,. Han3BHHaHHe BpaaceHHa cnpaBaa-iotb i MaabOBHHai KapxHHH cTenoBoro K.paGBHn,y a6o Hopnoro Mopa, KapTHHH, naa hkhx yacHTo nyace CKynnx 3aco6ÍB. 6. 3oBHÍniHH (popMa „flyM" Teac opHrmanbHa: Bipni cicaanaeTb-CH 3 paaKÍB HepiBHoi flOBacHHH, mp b npoTHaeaíHicTb np noniÖHoI (pOpMH UITyHHHX BÍpniÍB HOSpe pHTMÍ30BaHÍ J MOHCHa 3 hhm nOpÍBHHTH neaici cnpoÔH BipniiB 17 ct. (ahb. y po3nÍJi V npo Knp. TpaHKBiaioHa CTaBpoBei^BKoro). üoeraKa nyM Mae neaici pncn noniÖHOCTH np cep6-CBKoro enocy, aae HeacHi niaaxH MoacnHBoro BnaHBy; Moace 6yth, mp TyT MaGMO cyTTGBy cxoacicTb TBopiB Toro caMoro raTyHKy. IIo-ni6m nyMH i 30 roaociHt; np, 3naeTbca, 3araabHa pnca enocy (nop. pociöcbKHH enoc 3 pociScBKHMH ronociHHHMH). JXyuia., hk i nicHH B3araai, 3aaio6KH BHCHBae napaaeaÍ3My Ta aHTHTeTHKH. Aae g h pH-ch cnen,HtpiaHÍ n,aa nyM: ne aacTHÍí yacHTOK nonBiÔHHx CHHOHÍMia-hhx BHpa3ÍB: floaoM-floaHHoio, KyMH-no6paTHMH, naaae-pHnae, 6i-aíHTb-nifl6iraG, KBHaHTb-npoKBHaaG, KaaHe-npoKaHHac, rpac-BHrpa-Bac i t. n.. YaioôaeHi emTexH: 6yimHH BÍTep, öhctphh kíhb, hchhh cokíji, cHBa 303yjia, cipníi bobk. Fepoi 3np6inbina yrpHMyiOTb cboi eniTeTH npoTaroM ycboro onoßinaHHa: ,,nÍBKa-6paHKa, Mapyca no-niBHa BorycaaBKa". — Bhchtok nppKOBHocaoB 'hhcbkhx cpopM Ta CKJiaflHHx (xapaKTepncTHHHHx flaa iiepKOBHOcaoB'aHCbKoi* mobh) caiß npHBoaHB npKoro 3 npcain.HHKÍB np nyMKH npo „KHHHCHe" noxo-flaceHHa nyM; aae, MaöyTb, Hapon,Ha MOBa 16 Ta 17 CTopin me Maaa neaici nppKOBHOcjioB'aHCbici 3ano3H^ieHHfl, mo no3HHKaan anuie 3ro-30m. 246 €j. IcTopH«ffle mcije JiiTepaiypn 16 ct. 1. Hk ôaHHMO, BejíHKOMy HanioHajibHOMy npoöynJKeHHio kíhiíh 16 ct. He BÍnnoBÍnajiH piBHOBapTHi jiiTeparypHi h,íhhoctí. /Jíhcho n;ÍHHe — IßaH BHineHCbKHÍí, ,,n,yMHn — He ctohtb híôh b TÍCHOMy 3B'fl3Ky 3 thmh hobhmh nOBÍBaMH, BnjIHBaMH, TeHÍHMH, IH.0 npHHHIJIH Ha yKpamy. IIojieMiKa 16 ct. He nyace bhcokoI jiiTepaTypnoí ijíhhoc-th; jiHine Ha caMOMy kíhh,í enoxn „IlepecTopora" ninHocHTb — jih-nie neHKi — niöcHo ochobhí nHTaHHH, nepen, thm oôroBopioiOTb a6o noôiam nHTaHHH (KajieHnap), a6o epopMajibHi (nHTaHHH npo npaBO-MOJKHicTb öepecTeöcbKoro coôopy), ymHTH Hana^aiOTbCH He Ha Ha-yKy, a Ha oöpnnHicTb npaßocjiaBHHX. XapaKTepncTnaHa pnca bcíg'í MaöJKe JiiTepaTypn aacy — „peTopHHHHÔ" iT xapaKTep, crajiicTHKa npoMOBH, -—- KpiM qeHTpajibHoi njiH enoxn nojieMÍHHoi JiiTepaTypn, po n,boro caMoro rany HajiejKHTb i caTHpnnHHH TBip „IIpoMOBa Mejiem-Ka". Bipnii He3rpaÔHÍ Ta b iHMajiiö nacTHHi KyjibTHByiOTb HeniKaßi ťaTyHKH (repöoBHi Bipnii). MoBHa pedpopMa (nepeKJiann ílncbMa) 36aHKpoTyBajia: mobok) n,epKBH 3ajiHUiHjiacH n,epKOBHOcJiOB'HHCbKa. He MOJKHa HaBiTb BHnpaßnaTH yKpamcbKoro BÍn.ponJKeHHH thm, inp ne, MOBjíHB, noaaTKH. Ciapa yKpamcbKa jiiTepaTypa 11-12 ct. noKa-3ajia, mo ,,noHaTKH" MOJKyTb 3po6hthch Bin,pa3y KyjibMmaniHHHM nyHKTOM p03BHTKy. 2. noBHOBaprai „nyMH" HajieJKaTb po Haponnoí cnoBecHocTH, IUO p03BHBaJiaCH HKHMHCb BJiaCHHMH HIJIHXaMH, HaM ÔJIHJKHe HCBÍ- homhmh. Gnune noBHOBapTHe, BejiHae3He 3'HBHine iracaHoi jiiTepaTy-pn 16 ct. — IßaH BHineHCbKHH — BHpic 3 HKorocb iHmoro KOpiHHH, amjK peniTa JiiTepaTypn: noaacTH 3 CBHTooTenbKOi JiiTepaTypn, no-aacTH, Maöyxb, 3 HaponHoi cJiOBecHOCTH Ta caMoro nyxy yKpaiHCbKoi mobh. Ineojiorin fioro — ineojiorm peaKn.ii, ajie hhbhhm ihhom Bin, uígí peaKuii bíg HKHMCb cbíjkhm ôanbopnM nyxoM! Ajie íctophhhhh po3BHTOK npoíiniOB i noB3 BnuieHCbKoro: 3aMÍcTb noBopory po Bi-3aHTÍ'i, YKpaiHa oöepHyjiacb o6jihh*ihm Ha 3axin,. Jlnnie neHKi He-HHCJieHHi 3'HBHiH.a JiiTepaTypn 17 Ta 18 ßiKy 3ß'H3aHi míu,ho 3 TÍGK) caMOK> TpanHujcio, mo ii BnuieHCbKHH xotíb noKJiacTH ,,bo rjiaBy yrjia" yKpamcbKoi KyjibTypn (3. KonncTeHCbKnö, n. BejiHHKOBCb-khh) . Ajie icTopin npofiinjia i noB3 nnx n,yxoBHHX HacTynHHKÍB Bn-ineHCbKoro. He, po3yMÍ6TbCH, He 3MeHinyG iioro SHaaeHHH Ta Bap-TOCTH öoro TBopiB. Ajie u.ÍJIHH 16 bík 3ajiHHiaGTbCH pjix Hac enoxoio, mo rjiHÓOKo 3ananae b MHHyjie, rjiHÔuie, amm. po3kbít 11-13 bíkíb, rjiHÔme, amm CBoepinHa i HaM ÖaraTo pe b aoMy ayata enoxa 6a- pOKKa 17-18 BB. V. BAPOKKO A. mo TaKe jriTepaTypHe öapoKKO 1. CaMe noHHXxa JiiTepaxypHoro ôapoKKa bbíhhijio b Hayny jih-nie HepaBHO, no nepmin cbítobíh bíhhí. Hohhxih ,,6apoKKo" npHKJia-pajin paHime Jinnie no ccpepn njiacxH^iHHx MHCTenrB (apxiTeKTypn, CKyjitnxypH, MajiapcTBa). Jlniue nÍ3HO noMÍXHJiH, in,o h cthjib íhiuhx MHcxenxB (My3HKa, JiiTepaTypa) Mae cnijibHi pncn Í3 CTHJieM mhc-xenxB nJiacTHHHHX. Ta ö poci HayKa He 3aKÍHHHJia pocjiiflJKeHHH ßapoKKOBOi jiixepaxypn. HaÖMeHnie 3po6jieHo b cjiob'hh; Jinnie nojibCBKa Ta nectKa öapoKKOBa jiixepaxypa po3Mipno npöpe pocjii-HHceHa. fljia ocBixjieHHH yKpamcbKoí SapoKKOBoi jiiTepaxypn 3po6-jieHo jinnie nepnii icpoKH, xoh Maxepiaji 3i6paHo nonaciH Bace paBHO. 2. He MaiOHH neBHoro norjiany Ha yKpaÍHCbKy ôapoKKOBy jii-xepaTypy (17—18 ct.), CTapa yxpaiHCBKa icTopia Jiixepaxypn He MOrjia nOMÍTHTH b íľ (pOpMÍ Ta 3MÍCTÍ HÍHK01 BHyTpiniHbOl GHHOCTH, Ta BBajKajia nepe3 xe II ochobhí pncn npocTO 3a bhhb hkoícb oco-6hctoI CBaBOJii, npnMXH, HypepHanxBa aBiopiB. He BBaJKaionn Ha BHpa3HHÔ xapaKTep cBixorjiany öapoKKOBHx nHctMeHHHKÍB, cTapi icTopHKH yKpai'HctKoI jiÍTepaTypH Ta KyjitxypH MipajiH ifleojioriHHHÖ 3MÍCT SapoKKOBOi jiixepaTypH ManiTaßaMH BjiacHoro nacy. ToMy ino jiixepaxypy 3acyn,JKyBajiH, hk „najieKy Bin, jkhxxh", nyjKy ÍHxepecaM Hapony, „cxojiacxHHHy", HÍKOMy ne noxpiôny. A mppo (popMn, T° 11 sacynmyBajiH, hk nepeoôxajKeHy nonHByrinHHMH HypepHanxBaMH, HenpjianHy, 6e3nopanHy h t. i. JXo mothbíb ntoro cyBoporo 3acy-flaceHHH npnepHyBajioca ine S xe, m,o MOBa yKpamctKoi 6apoKKOBoI jiixepaxypn 3poÔHjiaca nicjia mobhoí pe(popMH KoxjiapeBCbKoro „nepecxapijioio", apxamnoio, Ta 3H0By TaKH „HeHapo/raoio". 3. Xoh HayKa Bace npcarHyjia bcjihkoio Mipoio ghhocxh moflo xapaKxepncxHKH ôapoKKOBoro cxhjik> b Soro KOHKpexHHx pncax, ajie naHyG me HHMajia po36iacHÍcTb inppo po3yMÍHHa ochobhhx, npoBin,-hhx moxhbíb, m,o 3yM0BJiK)K)ii> xapaKxep ôapoKKOBoro cxhjiio. Hie h noci ayace posnoBciopnceHe po3yMÍHHa ÔapoKKOBoí Kyjitxypn aK KyjibTypH KaiojinntKoi npoxnpedpopMan;iI. TaKe po3yMÍHHa npoxo-nnxb 6e3 yBarn noB3 xofi bh3boji6hhh jiio-Hhhh Bifl nyT coi^íhjibhhx Ta pejiiriÖHHx HopM, 6aHHMo b ôapoKKy 3HOBy noMÍTHe npHCHJieHHH pojii HepKBH h flepjKaBH. Ajie, hk ynce cKa3aHO, ÔapoKKo fle b *ioMy nepetÍMae íi cnafluinny peHecaHcy: 30KpeMa BOHO iiíjikom npHHMae ,,BÍflpoflaceHHHn aHTHHHo'i KyjibTypn; BOHO, monpaBfla, mo KyjitTypy po3yMÍe maKHie, amJK peHecaHc, Ta pOÖHTL CnpoÔy CnOJiyHHTH, 3'GflHaTH aHTHHHÍCTb 3 XpHCTHHHCTBOM; ßapoKKO He BÍflMOBjiH€Tí>cH i Bifl tígí yBarH, HKy peHecane 3BepHys Ha npHpofly; jiniue hh npnpofla g ajih Hboro BajKjiHBa rojioBHe hk hijihx flo Bora; GapoKKo He BiflKHflae HaBiTb i KyjibTy „CHjibHoií jno-flHHH", jiHHie TaKy „BHirxy" jiioflHHy boho xone BHXOBaTH Ta h fliá-CHO BHxoByG fljiH cjiyHcÖH BoroBi. Ajie Te, mp CBOGpiflHe flJiH Kyjib-TypH, Ta 30KpeMa fljín MHCTei^TBa ôaporaca, mp Haflac 6apoKKy äoro BJiacHoro ÍHflHBiflyajibHoro xapaKTepy, — up pyxjiHBicTb, „flHHa-mÍ3m" 6apoKKa, b nJiacTHHHOMy MHCTeirTBi up — jhoöob flo CKJian-Hoi KpHBo'i jiíhíí, b npoTHjieHíHicTb flo npocToí jiíhíí Ta rocTporo Kyiy hh niBKOjia ťOTHKH Ta peHecaHcy; b jiiTepaTypi Ta jkhttí — ne noT-pe6a pyxy, 3míhh, MaHflpiBKH, Tparhmoro HanpynceHHH Ta KaTa-CTporpH, npncTpacTb flo cmíjihbhx KOM6ÍHan;ÍH, flo aBaHTypn; b npn-pofli öapoKKO 3HaxoflHTb He CTijibKH CTaTHKy Ta rapMOHÍío, hk Hanpy-jKeHHH, 6opoTb6y, pyx; a rojioBHe, ôapoKKo He jíHKacTbCH Haôpiiny-Hinioro ,,HaTypajiÍ3My", 3o6paHceHHH npnpoflH b ii cyBopnx, pÍ3KHX, nacTo HeecTeTHHHHx pncax, — nopyn 3o6paH-6ob po nyaepHaubKoro, He3BHnaHHoro, „rporecKy", noro jikdôob no aHTHTe3H Ta, MaöyTb, i fioro npncTpacTb no bcjihkhx cpopM, po ym-BepcajiBHocTH, po BceoxonjiHBocTH. I3 cBOGpiaHHMH pHcaMH öapoKKa 3B'fl3aHi ň tí He6e3neKH, m,o 3arpoacyiOTb SapoKKOBiá KyjibTypi Ta 30KpeMa öapoKKOBOMy MHCTeirrBy: n,e nacoM Hanro BejiHKa nepe-Bara 30BHÍniHboro nap ynyipiniHiM, nncTa neKopaTUBmcTb, 3a hkok> 3HHKae a6o BinxonHTb Ha apyrnň naaH ranÖHiHH ceHc Ta BHyTpim-híh 3MÍct; m,e Heöesnenmuie 3MaraHHa nepeoijitniHTH, iiochjihth Bojnce HanpymeHHH, BcaKy npoTHaeaíHicTb, yce Bpa3JiHBe, nHBHe,, nynHe, — ne npHBOflHTb ÔapoKKo po HanMÍpnoro 3aMHayBanHa b MHCTeu;bKÍH rpi, b MHCTen,bKHx, noeTHHHHx irpauiKax, y nynepHaiiTBi, b opariHajit-HocTi, a to h opHiiHaabCTBi; Tsopn öapoKKa nacTo nepe-BaHTajKeHi, nepeoOTHHcem, nepenoBHeHi (popMajibHHMH eneMeHTaMH; Hboiny cnpnae i niKOJia noeraKH peHecaHcy, mo nepenaaa ôapoKtcy BCK) BHTOHneHicTb aHTHHHoro BMeHHH npo noeTHHHi 6ob po HaTypajiÍ3My, po 3o6paaKflH ôaHHjio nyxoBHe, oomecTBeHHe, ineaabHe, npHBÍB 6apoKKOBe mhctcutbo Ta noe3ÍK> i po yBarn po 3aHen6aHoí pom HapoflHoi noe3ÍI, po cpojiKJitopy. B noe3ÍI öapoKKa MaeMo nep-HiHBL ninxin. po „HaponHocTH". I ôapoKKO 3HaHiujio híhbhh iHTepec Ta CHMnaTiio čepen. Hapony: He rhbho, ih,o HansBHaaimo cHjibHi biijihbh öapoKKa 3ajiHHiHjiHCH b yciii HapoflHifi noe3ÍI Ta HapojimoMy MHCTeu;TBÍ Eßpona ň noci. 4. 3oKpeMa He Tpeöa 3MeHuiyBaxH 3HaneHHH enoxn ôapoKKa naa yKpalHH. H,e 6yB hobhh po3KBÍT — nicaa noBroro niaynany — mhc-TeirrBa Ta KyabTypn B3araai. B icTopii HaponÍB enoxn po3KBÍTy MaiOTb He aniue cyio icTOpnaHe 3HaaeHHa, bohh HaKaanaiOTb neB-hhh BÍflOHTOK Ha BCK) aaabuiy icTopiio Hapofly, ^opMY10^11 Hanio-HaabHHÖ THn a6o 3aaHinaiOHH Ha aoBrHH nac neBHi pncH b ayxoB-híh (pÍ3ÍoHOMÍI HapoAy. TaK, 3naeTbca, 6yao i 3 enoxoio ôapoKKa Ha YKpalHi. BapoKKO 3aaHHiHao TyT cnay KOHCTpyKTHBHHX eaeMeHTiB, hkí me 3ÖiabiHHB BnaHB pOMaHTHKH, mo b öaraTbox pncax cnopifl- 250 HeHa 3 ÖapOKKOM (^HB. npO U,e b p03flijli VII). P03yMÍGTbCJI, KOH-CTpyKTHBHÍ eJieMeHTH, HKÍ ÖapOKKO 3ajIHIUHJIO B yKpa'ÍHCfcKÍH Kyjib- Typi He Bei nc-3HTHBHÍ, ôaraTo 3 hhx MOJKHa BBaJKaTH S 3a Hera-thbhí. Ajie KyjibTypa 6apoKKa He Majio cnpH^HHHjiacH flo 3(popMy- BaHHH yKpaÍHCbKOl „iCTOpHHHOÍ flOJli". 5. Po3yMÍGTbca, KyjibTypa ôapoKKa He bh^epnycTbca thmh „(pOpMaJIbHHMH" pHCäMH, npo hkí mh TOBOpHJIH flOCÍ. Ajie flyXOBHHH 3MÍCT oKpeMHx icTopHHHHx enox 3BHHaHHo xapaKTepH3yG He JIHHie OflHa HKacb flyxoBHa Terna, a KijibKa HanpHMÍB, mp rpynyioTbca KOJio flBox nojiapHo npoTHJiejKHHx nyHKTÍB nyxoBHoro BcecBiiy. TaK i b enoxy SapoKKa: ohhhm 3 nojiiociB ôyjia npnpofla, npyrciM — Bor. Enoxa ôapoKKa, 3 onHoro 6oKy, — enoxa BejíHKoro po3KBÍTy npn-pofl03HaBCTBa Ta MaTeMaTHKH (60 ocHOBa nÍ3HaHHa npnponn njm jnoflHHH ßapoKKa — Mipa, hhcjio Ta Bara), a 3 npyroro 6oKy — enoxa po3KBÍTy ôorocjiOBii, enoxa cnpoÔ öorocjioBCbKHx CHHTe3, enoxa BejíHKoi pejiiriimoí bíhhh („TpnniíHTHJiiTHboi"), enoxa Bejra-KHX mícthkíb. JlroanHa öapoKKa a6o BTinaG ho ycaMiraeHHii 3 cboIm BoroM, a6o, HaBnaKH, KHnacTbCH b BHp nojiiraHHoi 6opOTb6n (a no-jiÍTHKa ôapoKKa — nojiiraKa ninpoKnx bcccbíthíx njifiHiB Ta Hta-flaHb), nepenjiHBaG oKeaHH inynaio^n hobhx kojiohíh, ÔepeTbca flo nji5iHÍB nojiinníHTH cTaH ycboro jiioncTBa, hh to nojiiraHHOio, TO UepKOBHOK), HayKOBOK), MOBHOK) (npOGKTH IUTyHHHX MOB) hh HKOK» íhuiok) peípopMOK). B ineajii oônflBa fljia jhohhhh ôapoKKa mojkjihbí hijihxh Beflyib flo tígí caMoi" MeTH: nepe3 „cbít" (npnpofly, Haytcy, nojiiTHKy i t. h.) jnoflHHa npnxoHHTb 3aBuie 30 Toro caMoro — no Bora. Xto HaflTO flOBro 3ajiHniHBCíi y cbítí, toh ji h in e 3a6jiyKaB y HbOMy. Orace, hkiuo KyjibTypa foraKH npHHUHnoBo pejiiriÖHa Ta HaBiib i^epKOBHä, hkiijo KyjibTypa peHecaHcy npnHUHnoBo CBÍTCbKa (xoh 6h Ti tbo-pnjín i nyxoBHi), KyjibTypa SapoKKa MycHTb Mara oohhbí — pejii-riimy Ta cBÍTCbKy cfpepn; ajie MOJKjiHBa — i peajibHo 3ycTpÍHaGTbCH HepiflKo — öapoKKOBa KyjibTypa 3 bcjihkoio nepeBaroio a6o h bhk-jiiohhhm naHyBäHHHM pejiiriimoi c(pepH. TaKy nepeBary 3ycTpmeMo Ho pe^ii ô Ha yKpami. B. JTiTepaTypHe öapoKKO Ha yKpaim 1. JliTepaTypHe GapoKKO Ha yKpaÍHi g 3'HBHineM 17—18 ct. Ba- pOKKO b CCpepi nJiaCTHHHHX MHCTei^TB ÍHOHÍ Ha3HBajIH ,,K03anbKHM öapoKKOM". Be3 flOCTaTHboi niflCTaBH: 60 K03aKH 3obcím He 6yjiH 6HHHOK) KyjibTypHo-nponyKTHBHOK) rpynoio Ha yKpami thx naciß. Ilíe MeHine niflCTaB Ha3HBaTn JliTepaTypHe ôapoKKo „K03an,b-khm": yKpamcbKi nncbMeHHHKH thx aaciB ôyjin rojioBHe He ko- 251 3&KH, a nenuL Ta ft cnoacHBani aiTepaTypa aen.Be hh 6yaa roaoBHe K03aKH. Aae yKpamcBKe SapoKKo He TaKe ymBepcaaBHe 3'aBHiue, hk SapoKKo 3axony. B HbOMy mh Maeivro BejiHKy nepeBary ejieMeHTiB ayxoBHHx Hap cbItcbkhmh. IIJe Siabiny 3HaSneM0, MaSyTt, jinuie b nexiB. CbItcbkhx eaeMeHTiB He 6panye hLjikom: MaGMO ft cBiTCBKy jiipHKy, i HOBeaio, i — xon i anuie BHnanKOBi — cbItcbkI eaeMeHTH b ApaMi, HapeniTi MacMo CBiTCbKy xpoHiny, jihct, HayKOBHH TpaKTaT. Ajie „ayxoBHHH" ejieMeHT nepeBaacac b 3MicTi. 3obc1m 6paKye th-noBoro naa 6apoKKa npHponp3HaBnoro TpaKTaTy: enonaTKy 6paKy-Bajio Miens (bhcokoi uiKoan), mo naeKaaa 6 Heft raxyHOK aiTepa-rypn, a ni3Hinie (b 18 ct.) yKpaiHui-npHponp3HaBii;i 3HaftinaH naa ce6e rpyHx anuie b Myaciii (pochacbKiii) HayKOBift arrepaTypi. 2. Cbog ft nyace cnoaynem b yKpaiHCBKift SapoKKOBift aixepa-Typi b He 30BciM SBHnaHHHx cpopMax. yKpama, aK mh SannaH, He Maaa BHpa3H0i Ta xapaKTepHCTHHHOi peHecaHCOBo'i jiiTepaTypn. Ot-ace, npocaKaHHa cbItcbkhx eaeMeHTiB no aiTepaTypa, 30KpeMa 3Ha-homctbo 3 aHTHHHicTio, nonacra HHiao Bate b MacH 6apoKKa Ta He Maao xapaKTepy SopoTbdn, peBojHouii' npoTH nepKOBHOi TpanHuii. AhthhhIctb npnxonHaa Ha YKpainy, Bace nicaa npHMHpeHHa ii 3 XpHCTHHHCTBOM, y CpOpMaX SapOKKOBOl, XpHCTHaHCBKO-MiTOaoriHHOl CHHTe3H: TOMy noMaay, aae 6e3 onopy noHHHaGTBea po3noBCK>-naceHHa BHtHTKy MiToaorinHHx o6pa3iB: peairiftHa aipHKa ctoitb nip; oxopoHoio aHTH^HHx ,,My3", ripecBaTa J-JiBa cxaG ,„ZJitfHoio", xpecT nopiBHK)K>Tb 3 TpH3y6oM HenTyHa, b mIcthmhhx ipaKTarax 3'aBaa-K)TBca „aMypH" Ta ,,Kynin,OHa'' i t. 3. — BapoKKo npaftiuao 6e3 BeaHKo'i aiTeparypHoi 6opoxb6H i npHHHaaoca, hk HOBa pocaHHa Ha naoflWHOMy rpyHTi. Gahhhh, Moace, xto Mir 6h SopoTnca npoTH 6apoKKa, iBaH BaiueHCbKaa, caM y CBoi'fi aiTeparypHifi (popMi 6yB SapoKKy nyace 6aH3bKHft (rhb. naai) Ta panme cnpnaB fioro ycni-xoBi, caMe cTHaeM cboix TBopiB. BameHCbKHft anuie He npafiHHB 6h cnoayieHHa xpncTaaHCTBa 3 aHTHHHicTio, „cHHKpeTH3My". 3. Koan noHHHaGTBea yKpai'HCbKe 6apoKKo? H,e nnTaHHa CKaan.-He He amue naa yKpama: 6apoKKO, nonaBinaca b niBneHHift Eb-poni b noaoBHHi 16-ro BiKy, b neaKHX Kpamax anme noMaay npo-6HBaaoca Kpi3b TpanauiK) penecaHcy. Ha yKpami 3a nepmoro nncb-MeHHHKa, b HKoro MoatHa 3HaftTH phch 6apoKKOBoro CTHaK), Moa. B ochobí He BHXonHTb 3a Meaci Tpannnii (xon nyace piniyHHH peípopMaTop b oKpeMHx nnTaHHax) ocTaHHiö Beamcmí yKpamcbKHH nncbMeHHHK enoxn ôapoKKa, Tp. CKOBopona. Aae 3 h hm aiTepaTypHe öapoKKO He npaceBpiao, a npropiao noBHHM no-ayM'aM ap kíhu,h Ta Bpa3 3racao. 3racao pa30M 3 npnTaMaHHoio yKpai'HCbKOMy ôapoKKy aiTepaTypHoio moboio: Ha 3MÍHy npHHinaa MOBa HapoflHa. OcTaHHiö nepion. ôapoKKa b neHKHX Kpainax yTBopHB BaacHHH CTHab, cTHab nÍ3Hboro ôapoKKa a6o „poKOKo". Ueii nßipcbKHH, aer-khh, ťpan,io3HHO, aae pa30M i irpaniKOBHH, aerKOBaacHHH craab Ha YKpaiHi He po3BHHyBca. Bo b čepeními 18-ro cropinna Ha YicpalHi He 6yao CBoro nBopa, naHH, mp Hinan 3a Monpio, BeaHKoio Mipoio pycHCpitcyBaaHCH, i annie necb naaeKo Ha niBHoni nonHHaB npn nßopi napnni GaH3aBeTH cKaaanaracb cTHab yKpamcbKoro poKOKO, mo 3HaömoB BHpa3 Ta nonacTH bíhtomíh Maöate annie b yKpaiHCbKin aipnni, nepepoÔKax Ta My3HHHHX oÖpoÖKax HaponHHX niceHb Ta HeöaraTbox cnpoôax BaacHoi TBopnocTH, 6e3 aiTeparypHHx npeTCH-cift Ta 3HaneHHa. 4. YbcpamcbKe ôapoKKo, hk nÍ3HÍuie poMaHTHKa, 6yao enoxoio aacBOGHHa He annie cynacHoro, a i craporo: Ha3npraHaaH nporaaHe 3a CToaiTTa; Tenep nonpHxon,HaH Ha Yitpamy h HHcaeHHi nepeicaanH 253 jiÍTepaTypn, smy BjiacHe Tpeöa Ha3BaTH cepenHbOBíHHoio, Ta HaBÍTB TBOpH OmÍB H,epKBH B HOBOMy MOBHOMy OHiiry. TaK 6yBaG 3aBJKHH b enoxH jíiTepaTypHoro po3KBhy; tslk nÍ3HÍme HleKcnipa npnHecjiH Ha YKpamy poMaHTHKa Ta peajiÍ3M. I hk Ha IIIeKcnipa hhbhjihcb OHHMa poMaHTHKH MH peajiÍ3My, TaK, MaÖyTB,, cnpHHMajiH 3a naciß ôapoKKa h TBopH cTapHx enox OHHMa Ta cepneM ßapoKKa. Hayni me Tpeôa po3BÍflaTH, hk jiiohh yKpamcBKoro öapoKKa hhbhjihch Ha TBopH c t a p h x naciß, id;o im npHHecjio ôapoKKO. 5. BapOKKO 3M1HHJI0CH, p03BHBaJT0Cfl 3a p03MÍpH0 HenOBrHH HSlC CBoro naHyBaHHíi: Bin, nonaTKÍB 30 nnniHoro nÍ3Hboro ÔapoKKa (mo fliCTaJIO B pÍ3HHX KpaÍHaX HaBÍTB pÍ3HÍ Ha3BH, 3ne6ijibina 3a ÍMeHaMH rOJIOBHHX npeHCTaBHHKÍB HBOro CTHJHO: ,,rOHťopÍ3M", ,,MapÍHÍ3M", ,,npei;io3HHH cthjib" i t. n..), b kíhhj. 30 poKOKo. Ha yicpami neu po3BHTOK ne Syn nyJKe pimyraM Ta n,y>Ke homíthhm. ^ecb nicjiH 1680 poKy yKpaiHCBKa JiiTepaTypa nepeacnjia nepion, Han,3BHHaHH0 nnuiHoro, nepeoÖTHJKeHoro (popMajiBHHMH npHKpacaMH cthjiio (Hanp. I. BejiHHKOBCBKHH, CTetpaH HBopCBKHH), ajie He ôpaKyBajio S ,,no-MipKOBaHHx" noeTÍB, a rojioBHe, nyxoBHi nHCBMeHHHKH Jinuie hk bhhhtok npxonaTB np TaKoro JíiTepaTypHoro pan,HKajiÍ3My, na hkhh 3naTHÍ cbítcbkí noeTH. A noTÍM npHHinoB nojiÍTHHHO 3yMoBjieHHÍi ni^ynafl, nip pinKo cnpnflG jiiTepaTypnoMy pan.HKajiÍ3MOBÍ. 3aTe noeTHKa yKpamcBKoro 6apoKKa 3Hajia pecpopMH, i to np-CHTB panHKaJibHi, b kohkpbthhx nHxaHHax noeTHKH. OjiHy 3 HaHpasHKajibHiniHx petpopM y Teopii BÍpmyBaHHH 3poÔHB Ckobo-pona: ajie BOHa He BCTHrjia mp npninenHTHCii, hk CKÍHHHjiacji i bch ôapoKKOBa JiiTepaTypa. 6. YKpaiHCBKe ÖapOKKO He 3HaC BCÍGÍ BeJIHKOÍ pÍ3HOMaHÍTHOCTH jKaHpiB (ťaTyHKÍB) 6apoKKOBoi jiÍTepaTypn, 30KpeMa 6paKyG 6ara-Tbox cbítcbkhx. BaraTbOM acaHpaM He naBajra po3BHHyTHCH oÔcTa-BHHH, a 30KpeMa HeMO>KjiHBÍCTb npyKyBara iri TBopn: TaK He 6yjio BejíHKoro poMaHy, — hjih po3noBcion}KeHHji nepenHcyBaHHHM bíh He HajiaBaBCÄ. MaífoKe He ôyjio BejíHKoro enocy, HaBÍTB i nepeKJian.ÍB (npo bh'ímkh hhbhch najii), i bíh Mir 6h 3'hbhthch, hk6h ôyjia 3Mora flpyKyBaTHca. Orace, najii MaeMo tobophth npo: 1) jiipHKy, 2) enoc, 3) noBÍCTb, 4) HpaMy, 5) nponoBinb, 6) xpoHÍKy, 7) TpaKxaT. JXexm ťaTyHKH Bce jk po3BHHyjiHca Han,3BHHaiíHo nrapoKo. BapoKKOBa JiiTepaTypa Ha YKpaiHi 3ajiHinaeTbCfl inp neBHOio MipOIO aHOHlMHOK), XOH KÍJIbKÍCTb BÍnOMHX HaM äBTOpÍB BeJIHKa. G 6araTO aBTopiB, npo hkhx mh híhoto, KpiM ímchh, He 3HacMo a6o 3HaGMo nyJKe Majio. 7. .ZJyHce ijmaBa npoÔJieMa öapoKKOBoi yKpamcbKoi jiiTepaTypn g MOBa. BoHa TaK caMo 3ajiHinaGTbca npHHi^nnoBo cjiob'hh-cbKOK), ak i b nonepen.HÍH nepion.. Ajie, Ha scajib, BOHa yBiôpaBuin 254 b ceöe BejiHKy kíjibkíctb eaeMeHTÍB HapoflHoi mobh, He niflanraa hí- HKHM n e B H H M HOpMaM. TOMy MH 3yCTpÍHaGM0 BejIHKÍ yXHJIH to flO yKpaiHCBKOÍ HapOflHOl MOBH, TO flO nOJIBCBKOÍ, TO - JIHHie B 18 CT. i TO piflKO - HO pOCÍHCBKOl, ÍHOflí HaTOMÍCTB 36ÍJIBHiyGTBCH CTHXÍH iiepKOBHa. Mosa Bapiioe 3aaeacHo Bifl raTyHKy TBopy aôo HaBÍTB íioro oKpeMoií nacTHHH: b neBHHX ciieHax flpaM Mosa HaôaHHcaeTBCH flo HapoflHo'i; H,e HaöJinaceHHH noMÍTHMo i b acapTÍBaHBHX nicHax; HaOJIHHCeHHÍI flO nOJIBCBKOÍ MOBH XapaKTepHCTHHHe flJIfl TBOpÍB 3 HijiíixeTCBKHx kíji (nanp., ,,rep6oBHi Bipnii"). JJpHKi nyaci yKpam- cbkíh MOBÍ (pOpMH 3P0ÖHJIHCH KOHBeHITÍHHHMH, 6o yKpa'íhcbkí (pOpMH 3flaBajiHCíi He aochtb aorÍHHHMH: TaK flyJKe načri (popMH niecaÍB MHHyjioro nacy Ha nojiBCBKHH 3pa30K: „nncaaeM, nncajiecB" i t. n,., MaßyTb, nOIHHpHJIHCH, 60 3flaBaJ10Cfl, KOJIH 3aTpaTHHHCH CTapi (pOpMH („nncajľB ecMB, nHcajľB ecn" i t. fl.), HeaorŤHHHM Ta He aochtb 3p03yMÍjIHM yjKHBaHHH TÍG1 CaMOÍ tpOpMH „nHCaß" flJIH BCix TpBOX ocí6. IIOfliÔHHX npHKJiafllB G KÍJIBKa. Ajie BÍfl HepKOBHOCaOB'HHCBKOl mobh MocKOBCBKoro THny yKpamcbKa MOBa BiflxoflHjia Bce flajii, TaK mp Bce HacTiiHHMH CTaiOTB „nepeKaaflH" 3 oflHieí mobh Ha flpyry Ta nepepoÔKH yKpaÍHCBKHX TBopiß irpn Ix flpyKy b Mockbí (iup 3ÍncyBajio fljis Hac HHMajio TBopiß Haruoí ôapoKKOBo'i jiiTepaTypH, mo ix jinuie b Mockbí flpyKOBaHo). IleBHe HaÖanaceHHa flo pocificBKoi mobh BÍfl-6yBäGTBCH b 18-My ct., ajie ne g HaöanaceHHH. .. pociöcBKoi mobh flo yKpaiHCBKoí: kíjibkíctb yKpaÍHHÍB cepefl nepeKJiafla^ÍB (Bace b 17 ct.) b ypaflax, Ha flyxoBHHx nocanax, a nÍ3HÍnie b yHÍBepcHTeTax 6yjia Tana SHaniia, inp yKpa'ÍHCBKÍ ejieMeHTH b BeaHKÍô KÍaBKOCTÍ npHHHIJIH flO pOCÍHCBKOl KaHHeaHpÍHHO'í, CyflOBOl, HIKÍaBHOl MOBH, HapeuiTÍ flo HayKOBo'i TepMÍHoaorii. Moace 6yB neBHHH ejieMeHT Ha- qíOHajIBHOÍ caMOOXOpOHH b TOMy, mo KOTJIHpeBCBKHH II.ÍJIKOM BÍflMO-BHBCH BÍfl CTapOÍ (6apOKKOBO*Í) yKpaÍHCBKoi MOBHOl TpaflHIlií, flO HKOl TaK Ha6jIH3HJiaCH pOCÍHCBKa MOBa, Ta no^aB yTBOpeHHH HOBOl jiiiepaTypHoi mobh Ha iiiaKOM hobíh ochobí: Ha ochobí HapoflHoi mobh. Dp 6yB KÍHeujB yKpamcBKoi öapoKKOBoi JiiTepaTypH, mo Bace BÍflacHjia cbíh lac, i nonaTOK hoboí yKpaÍHCBKoi JiiTepaTypH. B. BipmoBaHa noe3Ía 1. BipuioBaHy noe3iio CTapoyKpaiHCBKy 3a6yjiH, MaôyTB, tojiob-He Mepe3 „nepecTapijiicTB" mobh, a me öijiBiue BÍpiiioBoi (popMH. rionajiocH BipiuyBaHHH Ha YKpami, hk mh öa^Hjin (IV. E), 6e3no-cepeflHBo nepefl nonaTKOM ôapoKKOBoro nepiofly. Ilifl BnanBOM noaB-CBKoro Bipuiy, yKpaiHCBKHH npHÔpaB y nacn ßapoKKa „CHjiaoÍHHy" BÍpniOBy cpopMy, — phtm BÍpuiy yTBopiOBaBCH neBHoio KÍaBKÍCTio CKjiaflÍB y pjiflKy, paflOK KÍmiaBCH pHMOio, hk i b noaHKÍB „acmo- 255 nolo", ceÔTo 3 HarojiocoM Ha nepenpcTaHHbOMy cKaani, jiHuie bhh-hhtkobo npnycKajiHca phmh „noaoBŕ-ň", 3 HarojiocoM Ha ocTaH-HbOMy cicaan,i, xa naKTHjiiHHi", 3 HaroaocoM Ha TpeTbOMy Bin, kíhhh CKaani. Oct npHKaan, cnaaöinHHX Bipuiiß Ha yaioöaeHy 6apoKKOBy Teaty eiuepTH — Bipuii Ha norpeÖ (noxopon) CaraänanHoro: Koacnnfi, xto ca yponiiB, Mycnxb i yMepeTH, JKaneH ca HoaoBÍK cMepTH He MoaceTb onepexH. HeMaui Ha hk) ancapcxBa, HeMani i oöopoHn; 3 caMHx mapefi 3,zrapaGTb cbíthhí ix KopoHH, He 60'rrbCH acoBHipcTBa, BKpyr uapa cxoanóro 3 opyaciGM i cxpiabóoio, ero BapxyioHÓro ... }Khghi TaK, hkoöhcb Hirn.h He míb yMepeTH, Xonem Bei öaraTCTBa Ha 3eMai noacepera, b hím caaBH nopoacHefi Ha tom cbítí rnynaGHi, A ace MacHi BMepeTH, Ha to He naMaTacui. A60 íhihhh Bipui Ha Ty caMy TeMy cp. KaeMeHTia: yöorHH BMHpaiOHH Hi b him He acaaicxb, mnoro 60 acaaoBaTb, ace CKapôoB He mígtb. BoraxHH ace He xoneTb 3 CKapöoM po3ayqnTH: ťflH 6h moihho, Mir 6h ysecb CKapÔ b TpyHy BJioacHTH. Bo ťan BaacTea, to BcnoMHHTb cbíh bhcokhh THTýa, i npeji KOHaHHGM MHoro 3 CKapôoM y3pHTb HíKaTýa, I MHOrOUÍHHHX MHOro BHCHIHHX cyKMaHiß, i epiôpaHHx Ha cToaax ctohihhx n.36aHÍB, I y3pHTB, ace Maanaa acoHa npen, hhm xonHTb, Taa ripui 30 KpinKoro acaaio npHBOHHTb... Phhkh b CHaaÔinHOMy Bipuii He 3aBacn,h MycaTb 6yxH onHaKOBoi Hobhchhh; yKpaÍHCbKi noexH ôapoKKa yxBopioioTb 3 panKÍB pÍ3HOi ROBHCHHH HaHpÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍHIÍ CTpOCpH J Hanp.: Cmotph, noaoBine, i yacacaöca, KaacnoH ronnHH CMepTH cnonißaHca, XonHTb 60 TaHHO, Haraa^aGTb, I ňia TBOIX p03CMOTpaGTb, KaK 6h th acHB. He 3pHTb na npo3b6y am Ha napn. JTk th, noaoBme, BÍ3bMyxb Ha Mapn, 256 MuHyTfe MHCJiH i po3Konii, MaeTt HOCHTH MHorHG rpoini, JJXo GCH 3ÖHpaB. yKpa'ÍHCbKÍ noeTH BJKHBaiOTb kojio 150 pÍ3HHX CTpodp. üopyn chjihôIhhhx BÍpniiB 3ycTpÍHeM0 ÍHon.i oíjibhi Hapon,- HHH BÍpni, noniÖHHH ho BÍpiIiy ,,n,yM'\ 3 pHHKaMH HepÍBHOÍ' npBJKHHH. IlepeBaíKHo Tanoro Bipniy BHCHBaB KnpHjio TpaHKBijiioH OaBpo-Ben;bKHH; 3ycTpiaa6M0 áoro moni fi nÍ3HÍine, me cb. .ZJmhtpo Tyn-Tajio nncaB TaKHM po3MÍpoM Bipnii „njiH BJiacHoro BJKHTKy". Ocb npHKJiap; oöpoÖKH tcmh CMepTH y CTaBpoBeiíLKoro: JJfi MOÍ HHHÍ 3äMKH KOniTOBHe MypoBaHHi i najiai^H moi CBirae i cjiiaHe MajitoBaHHi, a iHKaTyjiH, 3jiotom HadpacoBaHHÍ, BÍ3HHKH Irin. 3ji0t0m uyTOBaHHl? Jle moi npecBÍTjiHi 3JiaTOTKaHHHÍ' niara, pnci, coöojie cjiŕqHHÍ, KapMa3HHH i noporni iHKapjiaTH? Baopa b ROMy moím 6hjio roime BecijiJiH, My3HKÍB irpaHHa, a cniBaKÍB BecejiOG cnÍBaHHíi, í Ha TpySaX MÍnHHX BHKpHKaHHH, ckokí, TaHiri, Becejioe njiÄcaHHa; BHHa HajiHBaä, BHnHBan, npoJiHBaH! CtOJIH MOÍ' KOIHTOBHHMH CJiaflKHMH noKapMH nOKpHTHl, toctí moi i npHírrejii nepcoHH 3HaMeHHTH*í A hhhí MeHe Bce npöpoe i Becejioe MHHyjio, cjiaBa i ÔaraTCTBo HaBÍKH ynjiHHyjio. JXe hhhí BomoBe ropnejiHBHi í MyHHTejlí HeBHHHHX 3ji0cjihbhí ? J-Je c(t)porHi i CTpaniHHi reTBMaHOBe? HecnoflißaHe CMepTHHM MeaeM nocr-iem i 6e3 naM'HTH bo tbmí hhhí saKjiroaeHÍ. 0 CMepTH cTpamjiHBaa 1 HeacajiocjiHBaa! Th, hko Kocap hhhí Hepo3cyn,hhh, nin, Horn CBoi" KJianem u,bít 6ap3o HynHHH, mojiohocth i KpacoTH JKajioBaTH He 3Haeui, aHÍ Ha 6n,hhím 3 THX MHJIOCTH He MaGIH . . . 257 Bipini npyKyBajiHCH po3MipHo piflKo: íx nepenncyBajiH aMaTO-pn, noöojKHi hh cbítcbkí. Ihorí yTBopiOBajiHca Bejinni pyKonncm 3ÔÍpKH. yKpaiHCBKHH BÍpiU nOUIHpHBCíI He JIHUie 30 KpaHHÍX MOK yKpaiHCBKoi 3eMJii, ajie npoÔHBca ň 30 nojibCbKoro Ta 30 pociíi-cbKoro HHTana. — .ZIpyKosaHo JiHine HeBejiHKi 36ipKn, npHCBíreem HKHMCb oco6aM a6o nonifiM (Hanp., Ha norpeö CaraöflaHHoro); Bate b Kmni 17-ro BÍKy flexTo He 3 jiinniHx noeTÍB BH^pyKyBaB bcjihkí 3ÔipKH BipmiB; b 18-My cTopiaMi nocTaB ayxoBHHH cnißaHHK „Eoro-raacHHK" — nJKaBa npyKOBaHa 36ipKa yKpai'HCbKoi ymHTCbKoi 3y- XOBHOÍ JlipHKH. BapoKKOBi nncbMeHHHKH nacTo npaMyBajiH 30 n,HKJiÍ3an,ii Bip-hiíb, 30 o6'G3HaHHH ix y neBHi rpynn, cnojiynem HKoiocb BHyTpiin- HbOK) G3HÍCTK), - 03Ha 3 HaHnÍ3HÍHIHX Ta HaOHÍKaBÍUIHX 30ÍpOK „Ca3 6oJKecTBeHHtix iTBCHen" Ckobopo3h. 2. ^íyxoBHa nicHH — HanancjieHHiniHH raTyHOK yKpai'HCbKoi BipiHOBaHOi noe3Ü ôapoKKa. BoHa pÍ3HOMaHÍTHa: 3ycTpŕ-iaGMo TyT i nicHi pÍ33BaHÍ Ta BejíHKCflHi, i HHcjieHHi nicHi npo upecBíiTy JXÍBy, i nicHi npo OKpeMi CBHTa, npo oKpeMi íkohh Ta nyneca, nicHi 30 ok-peMHX cbhthx i t. 3. riopyn TaKHx mojihtobhhx Ta tímhí^ihhx ni-ceHb, 3ycTpinaGM0 ö cyô'cKTHBHy peairiÖHy jiipnKy: nicHi „noKa-hhhí", nicHi npo CMepTb Ta CTpanranH cy3. Cthjib syxoBHOi nicHi 3yace Bapňoc: BÍ3 riMHy hh 03H 30 6a-poKKOBO-ťpoTecKHOi, HanÍBnapo3ÍHHoi nicHi 3 öaacaHHHM Hanöiabniol opHťiHaabHocTH BHpa3y a6o HaÔJinaceHHjiM 30 Hapo3Ho*i nicHi. Ot 3pa3KH pÍ3HHX CTHJIÍB niceHb pÍ33BHHHX: BnípjiiGMe rpase, roíme Beceanca, Ujapy cjiaBH MHjie cBOMy noKJiOHnca! BiTan, B;apy, HapojK3eHÍíi i b HCJiex nojioacemH. IÜBirj, ryaHO, BjxswHe nicHi sa^HHaŽTe, BHCoaaSniHM rjiacoM IlaHa npHBiTaÜTe! BiTaíí, IJapy... i t. 3. Opa3 Bee CTBopiHHH 30 TBopna cniniHca, GflHHOMy IlaHy cjiyniHe noKjiOHHca! BiTaíi, Uiapy... i t. 3. a6o (nepeicjiafl Ckobopo3h 3 jiaTHHCbKoro): O HOHb HOBa, 3HBHa, ny3Ha, acHiHHiaa CBÍTjia noay3HS, Korsa Hpe3 MpaK TeMHin, aepHiô 258 ÖJlHCHyB COHHH CBÍT HSBeMepHÍH. BecejiHTecH, hko 3 HaMii Bor! TaM nifl BucpjineMCbKHM rpanpM nacTyxH, nacyme cxanp, BCix nepBÍG BÍCTb npHGMJIIOTL, mp k HaM npHHjne XpncTOc Ha 3eMJiK>, npe3 aHťejiiB, hko 3 hemh Bor! .. riopyn h,hx 03 3HaH,oeMo cyTo 6apoKKOBÍ opHrmajibHi „BHBepTH": CoßepiTecH, bcí hojiobíkh, Ha xpiiOMCp hhhí, aHťejiiB jihkh, cnißaioHie Becejio, BHCKaKyÖTe HaBKOJio: rou,, ron,, ron., tob;, tob;, rou,, ron,, ron,, roB-! Bo HaM Mapin, JXíbq. IIpe^HCTa, b yöoriö Hioni 3pon,Hjia XpncTa, KOTOpOMy XOTb b 6Ínj rpaGTb TpHiibKO Ha nyni: ry, ry, ry, ry, ry, ry, ry, ry, ry! raßpHjio cTapHÖ 3JIOBHB öapaHa, B3HBHIH Ha njieni, 3aHic n,o IlaHa, Ha KOJiHfly napycTb i b Horn rrijiyGTb: hmok, hmok, hmok, hmok, hmok, itmok, rjMOK, itmok! Mapin JíiBa ch npHTyjiHGTb, aÖH He 3Mep3Jio, Ruth BKpHBacTb, npHTHCKaCTb, npHTyjIHGTb, nejiiOHiKäMH oÖBHBaGTb: JIK>, JIK), jik), JIK>, jik), JíiO, jik), jik), jho! A y ÔHflJIHTOK OCeJI Í3 BOJIOM CTOHJiH b HCJiex, xyxajiH cnojioM, OrpÍBajIH ^HTHTKO, HeBHHHOG HrHHTKO: xy, xy, xy, xy, xy, xy, xy, xy, xy! i t. n,., 13 CTpocp, 3 HKHX KOJKHa TaK caMo noAHByriflHo „ÍHCTpyMeH-TOBaHa" (np pěni, g noniÖHi irpauiKH i b HÍMeiibKÍH pi3ABHHÍH rricm). A60 HKacb HanÍBnapofliH híjikom HaponHOK» moboio: 259 AHrejIH CBHTHl A ôeperaMH flHecb aaiOTt 3HaTH, KacbíiH jiaHaMH 6h HinjiH nacTHpi bí3 nHBa Conny Bora BÍrara. TOMy OTpoHKy. CaBKa 3 Hkhmom, ÜHJiHn 3 MaKapoM 3 cb01m nOÔpaTHMOM npHHUiOB Í3 napoM, CKopo npHÔirajiH, npen, BoroM cTaJin 3apa3 3acnÍBajiH. i KypKy naan. Tyui Í3 Xomok) Yci neKapi, nOJlOHHHOK), MOJIOfli, cTapi, a Orax 3 EopncoM öiacyTt 3 opani, npHÖirjiH jricoM. HecyTb KOJiani. A MapKo jieHOM rpaÖ JKe TH MHJIO npHÖir Í3 MenoM, b nynKH, Kypnjio, npy;nKo cTynaeTt a th, MaTBÍK>, i BCiX BÍTaGTL. rpaň b jkojiomík)! He Tpe6a nHByBaraca, mp neaKÍ iiíchí CTajiH d;íjikom HaponHHMH; ajre naBÍTt i BÍpnri BHCOKoro cthjiio bbíhihjih b penepTyap jiíphhkíb. 3. TeMaTHHHo m,e pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍHia CBÍTCbKa BipnioBaHa noe3Ííi ôapoKKa. Tyr 3HaHneMo i 6jiH3i>Ky no pejiiriÖHoi* MeaHHxoaiÖHy jii-pHKy, i jiipHKy epoTHHHy (bíe. MeaaHxoaÍHHo'i 30 copoMÍutKoi) i no- JlÍTHHHy. TeiaaTHKa MeaHHxoaÍHHoi aipHKH TpanHHÍHHa — ne „bíhhí" TeMH aipHKH: Tyra 3a hkicthm, 3a Moaon,icTK>, cKapra na npaio, — íhohí ÍHflHBÍflyajibHÍ hoth nepexonHTt y (piaocoKe h He 3Haio, m,0 HHHHTH MaK). A60: Tpy^ho CHpOTHHUi Ha ayJKHHi JKHTH . . . A60: Xiöa Mem ras ÖyneTt innpaH ponHHa, caJKeHB Ha iraHHTapi, BHcoKa Morajia. Ta ojíbíhhí HapiKaHHH Ha jiK>ncbKy npjno: O BcecycTHoro CBiTa MHMo iflyTb Hanii jiiTa, Po3CTyniTbCH Bonn, ot 3eMjri BCTyniTe, IOHÍCTL MOJIOHOCTH KO MHÍ npHBepHlTe! Ajie n,H MejiHHxojiiii nepexon,htb i no cbijiocoípiHHoí petpJieKcii: „macTÍG, ne th JKHBein?" nHTaeTtcn CKOBopona, Ta Mipnye: Po3npocTpn BnajiB B30p TBÍH Í p03yMHÍ JiyíH i Kment nocjiiflHÍH noMHHan. Bcix tboíx niji b Kyro mítb CTpijia yjiynHTt? — jiionHHa caMa BÍnnoBinHa 3a cboio hojiio: cyô'GKTHBHa jiipHKa BJiHBaGTBCH n,o pejiiriimoi. Ajie 3ajiHniaGTBCji i (popMa ceHTeHn,iň Ta 0Ôpa3ÍB, ÔJIH3BKHX ho HapOflHOl niCHÍ, stk ot nicHfl Ckobopo^h: Cto'ÍTB HBÍp Hafl BOHOK), BCe KHBaCTB rOJIOBOK), ÔyOHH BÍTpa noBÍBaioTB, pyKH HBopy jiaMaioTB . .. Ha nipjK mchí 3aMHniJiHTH, mp b cejii poniuia Mara? Hexaä y thx mo3ok pBeTtcH, xTo bhcoko b ropy nMeTtcfl. A h 6yny coôi thxo KOpOTara mhjihh bík . . . 261 TyT i nijiflx óapoKKOBoro jiipHKa np npHpoan: He niny b ropon, Sararafi. H. 6yay b noaax híhtb. Eyny bík míh Kopc-Tam, n,e thxo BpeMa óíjkhtb. O nyopaBa! o 3ejieHa! o Mam moa pinHá! B to6í HCH3HB yBeceaeHHa, b to6í noKiíí, thhihhsl A6o: O ceaaHCKin mhjiíS, jik>6h& míh noKOK), bchkoI nenaai jiHHieHHHn! O íctohhhkíb niyM, acypHamnx Bonpio, o jiíc TeMHHÍí, npoxaaacaeHHHH, o HiyMHiiii Kynpi BoaociB flpeBecHnx, o Ha jiyKax 3eaeHb KpacHa, o caMOTa — Mara pann nyM He6ecHHx o cyMHa THxicTb yjKacHa ... (D;e, npaBna, nepeicaan. — CKOBoponn — 3 aaraHCbKoro). nopyn n>oro 3Haií,neMo epoTHHHy aipHKy 3 TaK caMo TpaflHinii- HHMH MOTHBaMH'. TyT i nepUIC 3aKOXaHHH i OCBinHeHHH: HicTt 60 b BepTorpa^i TaKOBoro HBÍTa, KpacoToio, floSpoTOH) epen. caMoro Jiřia... A60: 3pHHi npenyflHo oneHKaMH aac cepneHbKO mjiís, nyina ropnit, cepíne 6ojihtl, KpacHaa jrejiin. A60: JXa, & no canpHBKy a xoacy, Ha fi He Haxoacyca, a Ha Teče, mog cepiie, raaacy, a,a íí He Haraaacyca. Aae aioSoB 3ycTpinaG pÍ3HÍ nepeiHKoan: noroBip — Xto b ceKpeTi aioóoB thxo nepJKaTH He 6yne, tot nponanp 3a co6aKy, hk flÍ3HaK)Tb aw^e. a roaoBHe — p03ayKa: pn6a 3 pnčoio i Ta ca 3ayHaGTt, Moa caiHHa naMa Mene noKHflaGTb ... HopHHÍ" OIH, HOpHHÍ* 6pOBH, ycTa caxapm, 3y6oHtKH nepaoBi, 262 THHXeHBKO Bac CnOMHHaTH, IH.0 HejIB3fl 3 BäMII p03MOBJiaTH. HaBÍTb HeBiflOMo, ne nepeôyBae KoxaHa: O, po3KouiHaa BeHepa, ne hhhí oônyem? Bhxoahb a bcí nppoaceHBKH, BHTOnTaB H BCÍ CTeaceHBKH, He 3HaHuiOB a MHaeHbKo'i, ne XORHaH HÍaCKH Gl . . . IIpHHiaH, Boace, pent,, aac, ronHHOHBicy Tyio, aaeä 6hm ne 3HaHuiOB niß^HHOHBKy cbokx IHp6 loac öiabuie He TyacHTH, roaoBOHBKH He cyníHTH, MOaOnHX aÍT cbo'íx MapHe He ryôHTH... I po3noBcioaa{eHHH mothb: 3acnaaHHa bíctok aepe3 nTaxiB: ÜHHiy a aHCTOHKH, Ha Bcxin nocHaaio. Chbí roayöoHKH, Hexan mhí myKaiOTb MOaOnOÍ nÍbxihhohkh, b KOTopo'i aopm oaeHKH . .. Ha 3ananHy cTpaHy noeaaaeM rc-panni, a Ha lor i cißep — opan, aacxoBHHi. InÍTb, b nnaHOCTH HiyKaÔTe, a mhí BÍnoMÍcrb nasaHTe ... A6o: A th, opae, 6yaK>aH, b ancTÍM noai ryaaioan, nonaö KpHaeuB nonoMoan, noaeTÍTH Ha bcí hohh MHaeHBKOl HiyKaioaH. I epoTHHHa aipHKa npHBonuTb aepe3 nopÍBHaHHH (Maßyrb, 3ano-3HaeHi 3 CTapuioí HaponHoi nicHÍ) i aepe3 oiihch OTO^eHHa, ne pos-BHBaGTbca poMaH, no aipHKH npHponn: Ilonin raö piaeHBKa na HiyMHTB ÔHCTpeHBKa, pHÔa no pHÔOHBKH, a a nO nÍBOHBKH. 268 I I Tyr ÔaHHMo Bapianii' Bip cthjiio HapopHoí nicHi po (ppa3eojiorii BHpa3Ho naHCLKoi* („BeHepa", „paina" ň t. L). Heinajiy yßary npHCBanye yicpaiHCBKa ôapoKKOBa JiipHKa & no-jiíth^hhm nopiaia, Ha hkí 6yB TaKHH pacmiH toh HecnoKÍHHHii nac. TyT i npocjiaBJíeHHH HaijioHajiBHHx repo'ÍB: CaraSpa^Horo — HecMepTejiBHo'i cjiaBH poctohhhh TeTtMaHe! tboh CJiaBa B MOBHaHHK) HÍrpH He 30CTaHe, nOKH ZÍHinp 3 (ZjHiCTpOM MHOropHÔHHG njIHHyTH ôypyTt, nora píhjibhocth Ten; tboi cjiHHyTH. TyT 3JI0JKHB 3an0pO3CbKHH TeTbMaH cboí kocth, nexp KoHauieBHH, paHHHä b bíííhí pjia bojibhocth 0THH3HH . . . a6o XMejiBHHHBKoro: EypB cjiaBeH bo bík, o Myace Í36paHHe, bíjibhocth orné, repoK) BorpaHe! (CKOBopopa). MecTt Bory, xBajia! Ha bíkh cjiaßa BiöcBKy ^HinpoBOMy. . . I TH, HnrnpHHe, mícto yKpanrae, He MeHinyio cjiasy Tenep b co6i Maeni, kojih orjiapaeiu b pyKax ôyjiaBy 3aHHoro BorpaHa, Mypporo reTBMaHa, poóporo MOJiopi^H XMejitHHĽ(bKoro HHrnpHHCBKoro, paBHoro 3anopoaína. (3 JiiTonncy GpjiHHa). Ajie He MeHUie 6yjio nipcTaB Ha YKpaiHi íi pjia „jihmchtíb", „njianiB" Hap hojiíthhhhmh Ta HauioHajiBHHMH CKpyTaMH Ta He-macTHMH: O BoHCe MÍS mhjiocthbhh, Bei MaTKOK) Ha3HBaK>tb, B033pH Ha TÍJiaH mih peBHHBHH! a He BCi 3a MaTKy MaiOTBJ ÍCe 6ipHHH.a gctb Tartan, ppyrnn xone 3aryÓHTH; HK h, Pocíh Majiaa? b jio>kh,í boph yTonnra. Oh, He chhh, oh, He píth, xomyTB MeHe 3ary6HTHÍ JIhxojiíoOhí, jihxojiioOii.í, tíi moí, tíi 3ry6n,i. .. Tpapniiia npHnncyG reiBMaHOBÍ Ma3eni rapHy nicHio „Oň 6ipa, 6ipa •qaoi^i He6o3i", m,o Mae yci pncH niTy^Horo noxopjKeHHH. HaneBHe HajiencHTb Ma3eni nicHH „Bei noKoio mnpo nparayTB": 261 3jKajibCH, Bonce, yKpa'íhh, mo He BKyni MaeTL chhh! Jlinme 6yjio He poflHTH, híjkjií b TaKHX öinax jkhth! Ofl Bcix cTOpiH BoporyiOTB, oraeM, Menem pymyiOTB ... 03MÍTeCfl Bei 3a pyKH, He flonycTÍTB ropBKofi MyKH Mami cboIh 6ÍJI&HI TepniTH! HyTe BparoB, nyre 6hth! CaMonajiH HaOyBaáTe, ocTpHX Hiaôejib HoôyBaíÍTe, a 3a Bipy xoh yMpiTe i BOJibHOCTeä 6opoHÍT/e! Ute h „ocTaHHboMy 3anopoHíiieBÍ" Ahtohobí TojioBaTOMy npnnHcye Tpannuia Bipui „Eô rojj;i HaM acypHTHCH, nopa nepecT-ara", 3 npHBony noceneHHH 3anopo?KnÍB Han. KyôaHHio 1792 p. yKpaiHCBKi noeTH ocniByBajiH i 6opoTb6y 3 xaTapaMH, i xothh-CBKy BiÖHy, i oÔJiory Bíhhíi . . . .Hesrai 3 hhx Bipniiß po3pocTajiHCB 30 po3MÍpy HeBejíHKHx eniaHHx noeivL (hhb. rsljií F.). 3HaxoHHMo h íhuií thiih cbítcbkhx Bipniiß: „Baem" (Hanp„ npocjiaBjieHHH Hayn Ta MHCTeirrB y KniBCBKOMy „GBxapHCTepiom" 1632 p.), JKapTÍBJíHBi (Hanp„ Bipnii niKOjrapis) i t. 3. ^iHMajio e Bip-HiÍB-npHBÍTaHb a6o naHeripHHHHx (G. UjieTeHeuBKOMy, II. Morajii, reTBMaHaM). G Bipmi öajiHHHHHoro THny, ceÖTo BipnioBaHi KopoTici onoBiflaHHa; 3ÔipKa ix, HanpnKJian, — BHnpyKyBaHHH 1705 p. „Aji-(paBÍT pH(pMaMH cjiojKeHHHH" IoaHa MaKCHMOBH^a, nip nonae onoBi-HaHHíi npo Kapn 3a 3jiohhhh, rpixn Ta HenoôoJKHicTt. 4. yjiK)6jieHÍ ôyjiH b nacn óapoKKa „enirpaMH", KopoTeHbKi HaS6ijiBHie 2- aôo 4-pjiflKOBÍ bíphihkh 3 rocTpHM flOTenoM y 3míctí Ta rpOK) CJIÍB, CnÍB3By*IHÍIMH, nOBTOpeHHHMH cjiíb. ZtyxoBHi Bipnii TaKoro rany (npocJiaBjíeHHa cbhthx) aacTo 06'GnHyBajiH b hhkjih no 12 BipiHÍB: „Bíhiií". IIoTpanjiajiH enirpaMH HaBÍTB 30 ôorocjiyac-60bhx KHHr, ho „Tpioni Iíbíthoí" 1631 p. Ocl npHKJian: Cpeflfe y^HTejieô cTaB'b Icycb HaynaeT. B Cpeny IIpa3flHHKOB, hko IIocpeflHHKií, HBJíHen. 265 (rpa 3 rmeM „cpen-"). IIÍ3HÍine bíhuí nncaB cb. J\m. TynTajio. Oct 3pa30K ÖOro TBOpHOCTH: 3aaaTaH 6e3 rpixa, o Eojkíh Mara, môjho, flajKflB mí 6e3rpiniHo jkhtíg 3anara (noBTopeHHa iihíb „saaaT-" Ta „rpix-"). MaöcTpoM cbítcbkoi enirpaMH 6yB IßaH BejiHaKOBCBKHÍí, noji-TaBCtKHH npoTonon. Horo enirpaMH noTenm ra rocTpi: Iljo GCTt cMepTb, nHTaem mu. Ecjih 6hm 3HaB, ynce 6hb 6h MepTBHM. Hk yMpy, npnonn b toh nac, Apyace! HoMy cyTb Myja;pÍHniÍG MyjKeBe, híjk jkohh? Bo 3 peôpa 6e3M03Koro, He 3 tojiobh ohh. A60 6ijimia: IH.ocb 6o3BKoro flo ce6e naH Xmíjib 3aKpHBaGTb, 60 CMHpeHHHX B03HOCHTB, BHHeCJIHX CMHpjIGTb. Bnmie cyTb tojiobh Han Bci hjiohkh Tma, a Horn TeJK b hhskocth cMHpeHHi 30 3ÍJia. Jlea naH Xmíjib, rnn no Koro b roJiOBy BCTynaGTb, rojiOBy noHHJKaeTb, Horn 3annpaGTb. H.e Han3BHHaHH0 BJiyani nepeicjiann 3 cjiaBeraoro amviiHCbKoro 6a-poKKOBoro enirpaMaTHKa JXík. OßeHa. Ajie BejiHHKOBCBKníi nncaB i BjiacHi enirpaMH. Teac Ryxte Bnajii: UHiuymeMy cthxh. Tpyna cymero b nHcami 3HaTH ne MOHceTb, ijKe caM He bíctb nncaTH. Mhhtb 6hth jierKo nneaHia ríjio: xpn nepcTa nninyTb, a Bce Öojihtb tíjio. JliCTBHIía IaKOBJIfl. Cbít cen cHy gctb nonoöeH, a macTH — npaönm: BoCXOnflTb í HH3X0nHTb no HÍH mh03í HHHÍ. BejiHKy 3ÖipKy enirpaM (369), mnpninx, no 10 i Öijibine pnnKis 3ajiHniHB BinoMHH, He nyJKe BHHIK0JI6HHH, ajie TajiaHOBHTHH Ta no-TenHHH, noeT, iepoMOHax Ejihmchtíh. TeMaTHKa noro enirpaM Haž-pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍnia: Tyx i noBaajibm Bipmi, i Bipuii npo peMicHHKÍB Ta íhuií npodpecii" (Hanp., My3HKH), i carapnam, S, Hapeniii, Ha bchkí nnBOBHHtHi xeMH, Hanp., „O KOiax" — ocb 3pa30K: 266 I3BHKJIH KOTH O^i XMypHTB, TJiaBH XOBaTB . , . ........Ha nem co6i noTaraiOTB, a 3ck0hhbhih i3 neHH no ropiHKaX HHKaiOTB. A nOBHHHiCTB 6o KOTaM mhihh yaOBJIflTH, a ßijibm xaKHx, m,o bmIiotb 3 mhcok B0cxnin,aTn7 a ociÖHHH 3BHHaä ix b cynHa HaHHKäTH, eacejiH xto 3a6yaeTB cyn,eH HaicpnEaTH. A GCTb TaKHi jiione, mp Toro He nöaioTB, GDHaKOHCe 3 TOrO COÖi BpenHTeaBHiCTB MaiOTB ... i t. p;. A60 h noflHBHi b Bipmax icpoMOHaxa TBepnaceHHa: KOTpHH, MOBHTB, HOJIOBiK ap6pe BHnHBaGTB, Tenn TaKOMy naH Bor Ha nHBO naBaGTb... Die, npaBna, npHcaiB'a („mobhtb"), ajie KaHMeHTifi 3Haxon,htb y IIHTTl HaBlTB KOpHCTB „nyXOBHy": ... npöpe, rnn 3Tpoxa ropjio npoMOHHJio: 30 JHOfleH BHpa3HiHie ßyneTB rjiarojiaTH, i b ijepKBi Ha KpHJioci raaflinen 3acniBaTH. 3aniM, naHOBe, coöi 3nppoBi öyBaÖTe, a ran jiH kojibuc nHBO floöpe noTaraäTe. A b roaoßi 3nppoBiii Bee He nepeÖHpan, 3a BuieaaKHn HanHTOK 3n,opoBHo BHnnBan! .. i t. r. B iHnioMy Bipnii Bm panHTB i My3HKaM: Hexan ate 6e3 jiIhocth i My3HKH rpaiOTt i BeeeaocTH jnonaM MoaonHM n,on,aBaiOTh. A HarpaBuincH Hexafi Tpoxa n cnonHBaiOTfc fla no noBHiä CKnaHni ropiaitn BnnnBaiOTB. üncaB enirpaMH fi CKOBopon,a; b HBoro bohh 6e3 30BHinraix irpaniOK, KOpoxeHBKi, Maäace npncaiB'a: KoMy MeHBnie b a BJiacHy MOBy, bohh 3MaabOByBaaH cboi flyMKH o6pa3aMH, hí6h caoBaMH. H.i o6pa3H 6yjiH ťpiryp0 HeöecHHx xa 3eM-CHX cxBopiHb. HanpHKJiapi, coHUe BH3Hanaao npaBfly, Kiabije ... — BÍHHicxb ..., rojiyô — copomjihbícxb, óycea — noôoamicxb... ". Ha yKpami 6yjia BifloMa eMÔJieMaxHHHa jiiTepaxypa 3axofly. JXemo 3 Heí nepeicjianajin (bíaomí 36ipKH: aaTHHCbKy hímu,h Tyro, ecnaHctKy CaaBeflpn). EMčaeMaxnamiH opHrÍHaabHHií 3oipHHK „Heina ieponoaixHKa" nacxo nepeflpynoByBaBca. Ocb npnnaaflH ßip-iiiíb 3 Hboro: Xothä Tocnofla ícxhhho aioÖHTH, bo cxpaci rocnonm noxmnca xoahth. Ciio 6o aioÔOB cxpax rocnofleHb poflHTb, ano Bixp naaMeH 3 yraia Í3BOflHXb (Ha MaaiOHKy BoroHb, mp íforo po3flMyxye Bixep). npocxpaHHo Mope cnatHi iMaxb BoaHH, Maana píkh He xaKO flOBoabm, b Kami i cix mcxb, He flBHacyxbca Bonn, i CMHpeHia xaKOBH cyxb naoflH (Ha MaaiOHKy Mope, pinna Ta cKaaHKa 3 Bofloio; flyMna xa caMa, mp b HHTOBaHOMy BÍpmi „Ctoítb HBip" CnoBopoflH). HncaB eMÔaeMaxHH' Hi Bipmi h npoKonoBHH. ItiaHH nana i'x bíh 3ÔHpaBCH BHflaxH b na-M'axb MHxponoanxa BapaaaMa HcHHCbnoro. Ocb npHKaafln: Bei piKH Í3Hanaaa Maane ÔHBaioxb, ho, xenyme nyxb hobtoh, boah yiiHoacaioib. IIohoohí i BapaaaM yneHia panH npeSfle cTpaHH amorie i amorie rpaflH. I xaKO, ofl oxMecxBa flaaene CTpaHCTBya, 3iao ce6e yMHoaai npeMyflpocxH expya (3MaatoBaHa Maaa 6yxH, Ma6yxb, pinna, mo 36iabmyexbca, Binxi-KaiOHH Bifl flaíepeaa). 268 Cii HÍHy HBjíHioTt, BHflaTb 60 xynaa, — B03H0CflTi>, i apay HH3xonHTb npyraa. I npoponÍTeab aioÖHTb Toeacne MÍpnao, 3ÍJ10 60 HeCTHa BO BCÍM, CMHpHGTbCH 3íji0. Ce JKe 60 bo BapjiaaMi i3pan,He hbhch: necTeH 60 6i nane bcíx, nane bcíx cmhphch. (3MajibOBaHi MajiH 6yTH Tepe3H). Bíhmíhok) eMÖJieMaTHHHOro Bipnia 6yB Bipin „repöoBHHÖ", Han,-3BHHaOHO yjiK>6jieHHH Ha YRpami (Bace b 16 ct.), 30KpeMa npa npHCBHHeHHHx KHHJKOK. Y TaKOMy BÍpuii Tpeöa öyjio flaTH nOHCHeH-HH no Toro MajiiOHKy, mo 6yB b repöi ocoöh, aKy Tpeöa öyjio npocjia-bhth. Ocb ypHBOK ßipHiy Ha repö MorHJin: . . . J\bb. uem b cnpaBax pniiepcbKHx cMijiicTb noKa3yioTb; jihjiíh 3 XpeCTOM Bipy XpHCTHHHCbKyiO 3HaMeHyK>Tb. B tím noMy mnpaa noooatmcTb oÖHTaeTb, a cjiaBa HecMepTejibHaji HaßiKH oÖHBaeTb. 6. /Jysce thhobí naa noe3Íi öapoKKa BipnioBi irpauiKH. I ix 3Ha-HeHHS He Tpeöa irHopyBara: ne bhhb, BHpa3 neBHoro cyBepeHHoro BipTyo3Horo BOJiomHHH BipuieM. TaKi irpaiHKH nyace jiioöhjih yicpa-lHCbKi noeTH. OnHa 3 HaHpo3noBCion,HceHÍHiHx (popM öyB „aKpocTHx": nepnii jiÍTepn KoacHoro panna aôo kohíhoí cxpocpH, hkiho ix HHTara ninpan,, nonaioTb ím'h aBTopa. Ocb kopotkhh anpocrax cb. ^MHTpa TynTaaa (naeraHa: 7JIMITPI): JJ^apyn mhí Teöe, XpHCTa, b cepul Bcirna hthth, l3Boab bo mhí oÖHTaTH, öaar mhí aBaaöca, MHororpiiuHHM, HenpcTOÔHHM He B03rHyiuaHca! Isnese b 6oaÍ3Hi híhbot míh öe3 Teöe, Bora; Th mhí KpinocTb i 3npaBÍe i caaBa MHora. Panyioca a3 o Teöi i Beceaioca, I T0Ö0K) no BCa bíkh, Boace míh, xBaaioca. Ihohí neaid aÍTepn Bipuia nncaHo aôo npyKOBaHo BeaHKHM HipHtpTOM; Koan 11i aÍTepn HHTaan OKpeMo, to nicxaBaan ím'h aB-Topa; aöo Tpeöa ôyao ninpaxyBara HHcaoBe SHa^eHHa aŕrep (aKe BOHH MaaH B CJIOB'HHCbKifí aÖeTHJ), mOÖ fliCTaTH piK, Koan HanHCaHO BÍpma. lie „KaöaaicTHHHi" Bipmi. Ocb npHKnan. 3 Toro caMoro cb. ^m. Tynxaaa: IacE b Pym mOrn,a npeo6pa30BaHHa, Mara eOTBopnioro HAc bcíX 33i HanHcamia, ítynieBHo I Mncalio Ty KHnacKy nPHMrre, CAmí e BHHMaiome, I npyrHM npoHTÍTe. 269 (IepoMOHax JXÍMÍTpH CaBÍn). Haö6ijii>uiHM MaöcTpoM cpirypHoro Bipruy 6yB BejiHMKOBCtKHH. CbOG Ím'h bíh yxHTpaGTLCa bm1cthth B HaHpÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍIHHX Bip- niHKax, Oct npHKJiaflH (^HTaTH xpeöa oKpeMo bojihkí JiŕrepH): I3 Hec03aAHHa oTua bocíhebih hhctô, BEJIHHaio 3 MaxKOio th BceCjiaflKIH Xpncxe! a6o: H O cMepTH nAMHTaö, h Ha cyfth 6yn> Hynou*. BEJIbmH Hac 6f,íKHT-b cKOpo, B 6Ť,ry Cbohm-b npyjiKHH, a6o HaBÍTb y 3B0p0TH0My nopHAKy (cJioBa: „Hacipon HaBnaK hh-Hoôpy" — paníiTh HHxaTH b 3BopoTHOMy nopHAKy nncam nepBOHOio iiHHOôpoio JiÍTepa): HAcTpOH HaBcnaKT> UHHoöpy, ecjiH yranaenrt, ropniHH Kto 3 Chx^, BOjiKt> HH JTEBt>, to MeHe no3Haenn>. 3AaGTbca, KOJKHe cjiobo bíh mojkô yMÍCTHTH b Biprn; TaK BÍH, BeJIH-KHH HiaHyBajibHHK CB. J\íbk, yMimyG ím'h „Mapia" b t. 3B. „JieOHÍH-cbkí Bipnii": MAth ôjiara, PH3a flpara, ílace Hac KptieT, MAjioAyniHbix, PH30HyjKHbix, Hko pyHO, rpteT. HOMy HajieOKHTb „paKOBHH BipUl", HKOrO PHRKH MOJKHa MHTaTH B 060X HanpHMax: AHHa nHTa mh, h Mara naHHa, AHHa aap h mht> c£hb MHpa AaHHa. AHHa mh MaTH H Ta MH MaHHa. ToBopHTb, oneBHAHO, ľlpecBHTa JXiBa, npo cboio Marip, cb. AHHy. BejiHMKOBCbKHEt HanHcaB i HaüjimniHH „ajicpaBHTHHH" Bipni, HKoro CJioBa noMHHaiOTBCH oAHe 3a oahhm 3 Jiŕrep cjioB'HHCtKoro ajicpaBHTy: A3 6jiar bct>x rjiyÖHHa, JJf&BcL e AHHa. ÍKhbot 3a*iax 3BaHBiM, Icyca H36paHHíjiM, KOTpÍH JIIOAe mhok) Ha o6"Ba noKOK) PancKa coÔnpaeT, 270 TyHe ynpeacnaeT. yMHe <í>eHHKC XpHCTe, One uapio HHCTe, IIIecTByô meflpoTaMH, MaTepe MOJi&oaara. (nBa ,,y" Ta nBa „o", 60 b iiepKOBHOMy ajicpaBirri 6yjio no ppi cpopMH jíiTep fljifl hhx 3ByKÍB). BejiHMKOBCbKOMy HajieíKHTb i 3araAKOBHH Bipm: Co civtb 6oroMi> neJKJi Hon HacT> CT 6jik)cth 6yne. — 3aMÍCTt ninKpecjieHHx Jiřrep Tpeöa HirraTH ix Ha3BH b cjiob'ähcb-kíh a6eTH,i („ťpncpiHHHH Bipui"), Toni ßipin ueö BHnanaTHMe TaK: Co Cjiobom BoroMTj npöpo ecTb jkhbott,, jhozh, Haini» Oh-b noKoíi, Háci. Cjiobo TBepn,o 6jik>cth 6yne. riHCaJIHCH me Bipilli 3 „JiyHOK)" - nOBTOpeHHHM OCTaHHÍX cKJianiB Bipruy, mp naBaao hí6h BinnoBint. Ihohí ßipuii nncajiH Ta npyKy-BajiH, íik neBHy cpirypy: xpecT, niBMicaiib, afině, napKy i t. n. B TaKHx irpaiuKax BHHBjíHJiacH HHCTa panicTb 3 BÍpTyo3Horo BipniOBoro bmíhhh, 3 BipruoBoi cpopMH. 3míct He 3aBJKflH rpaB Be-jiHKy pojiio. He3p03yMÍjio, HOMy ni3HÍini icTopHKH JíiTepaTypH Ha-na^ajiH Ha cpirypm Bipnii xa cyßopo 3aeyn,HjiH, Hanp., iepoMOHaxa KjiHMeHTia, Hio non,aB ,,Paxy6y npeBaM po3hhm" b Tpbox CTpocpax, ■— nepHia „cancpiHoio cTpocpoio" (3 pnnKH no 12 CKJian,íb, 4-nS 8 CKJianiB): ^lyÖHHa, TpaÖHHa, PaôHHa, BepÖHHa, CocHHHa, KjieHHHa, TepnHHa, BnniHHHa, ÍIjiHHa, MajiHHa, KajiHHa, B'a3HHa, JIo3HHa, By3HHa, B3HHa . .. BejiHKy yBary nejrci noera npHnijiiiiOTb eBcpomi. MaöcTpi eBCpOHil - BejIHHKOBCiKHH Ta CB. /jMHTpO. 3pa3K0M eBCpOHÍMHOl HOC- KOHajiocTH e aHOHiMHHÖ nijijior jhohhhh 3 BoroM npo „Bipy Ta ni-jia", cnpHMOBaHHH, oMeBHflHo, npoTH npoTecTaHTÍB. B HbOMy noBTo-pioiOTBCH OKpeMi cjioBa Ta CKJiaflH TaK, inp yTBopioiOTb HKyct 3By-KOBy M03aiKy. Hanp., Bipa i npöponiTejib cyTb to hbos Kpnjia, Ha flBOÍX TÍX BCH BHCHTB CnaCeHÍH CHJia. He MOJKeTb G2HHM KpHJIOM nTHI^h nOHeCTHCJI, HeB03M0aCH0 CaMOK) BipOK) CnaCTHCH ... I Bipa KpacHa b aijiex, He KpacHo 5e3 ßipn j^Jio, i Bipa 6e3 říji He KpacHa 6e3 Mipn. 271 B nepniHX HOxnpBOX papKax noBxopioioxBCH oKpeivri 3ByKH, HaBO- 3hmo ix 3a pHHKaMH: BÍp-fl-3-flB-KpHJI H-3B-BC-B-C-C-C-C He-MOJK-KpHJI-n-n-CT-C He-MOHÍ-H-C-BÍp-Cn-CT B 3box ocTaHHix — noBTopeHHH cjiíb (nipKpecjreHi b TeKCTi), 7. BipnioBOí dpopMH noexn ôapoKKa CTaBHjiHCíi synce yBanc-Ho. Xoh HaM M0JK6 ô He nopoöaxncH "ix MOBa, ajie, nepennxyioHH Ix TBopH, MH 3HaxopHMo Mafince 3aBjKRH yBary 30 (popMajiBHHx npoöJieM Bipmy. 3 nacoM HaBnaHHH „noexHKH" b nyxoBHHX niKOJiax npHBejio 30 xoro, mo yKpaiHCbKi noexn poöpe onaHyBajiH cpopMy. T031 „nojio-bíhí" phmh MaôJKe 3HHKaioxB. 3axe 3y>Ke cmíjihbo BJKHBaioxB „nepe-hocíb", nepexopy peneHHH 3 opHoro pn^Ka 30 3pyroro (nop. BHme b enirpaMi BejiHHKOBCBKoro npo cMepxB). PHMa CTas ôaraxmoio, He-oxone pHMyiOTb 03HaK0BÍ (popMH cjiíb (3Haem :: Maeín, 3apycxB :: u,ijiyGXB, öeperaMH :: jiaHaMH), no mojkhoctí nacxo BJKHBaiOTB pi3-HHx rpaMaTHHHHx dpopM (pHMa „HerpaMaTHnHa", Hanp., 3aMHinjiH-TH :: Mara, yate :: 3pynce, 6y3e :: Jii03e i t. 3.). Bipni nepe3 ne cnpaBJíHG BpaJKeHHH BÍjiBHÍmoro xa jiermoro. B nojiOBHHi 18 cx. CnoBopopa poônxB 3ajn>niy pedpopMy: bíh 3aB03HXB HK pÍBHonpaBHÍ „hojiobíhí phmh" (3 HaroJiocoM Ha ocxaH-HBOMy cKJiapi), mo 3aBHÍnie npnnycKajiHCH JiHine hk bhímok. Bíh nnnie nijii Bipnii 3 pnMaMH: XBoeö :: cefi, oxoíjkhib jkhib, jkh-box :: po3, nenaxB :: 6jiaro3axB i x. 3. B yKpaiHCBKiä mobí xaid Phmh 3ÍHCH0 3ynce npnpo3HÍ, i b hobíh Jiixepaxypi bcí Ix yjKHBaioxB. CKOBopo3a 3aBÍB 3ajii „HenoBHi phmh", 3e 3aKÍHHeHHH xpoxn BÍ3MÍHHÍ 03He BÍ3 03Horo: cyBopn :: xepHOBHH, HHBax :: HenoiBa, xpecx :: nepcxB i x. n. I n,H pedpopMa BÍ3noBÍ3aG 3yxoBi mobh: HenoBHi phmh 03Ha 3 rojioBHHx npHKpac Bipmy HleBHeHKa (nona-TOK „KaxepHHH": HeHBKH :: ceppeHBKo, roBopniB :: rope, noKpn-xa :: noTyjKHXH, BxnpaG :: cnißaioxB, njiane :: 6anHB). nÍ3HÍHie noeXH BJKHBaiOXB yce pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍniHX cxpodpiHHHX dpopM. Tyx Ha nepnioMy mícii,í cxohxb ,,KäHTH" b ppaMax. He 3a3o- BOJIBHHIOHHCB pHMaMH Ha K1HU.hx pH3KÍB, nOHHHaiOXB pHMyBaTH Xa- KOJK cepepHHH pH3KÍB. Ox npHKJia3H xaKHx „yHyxpiniHix phm": Ü3BH TB01 cypoBn/ — xo Mos nenaTB, Braeín? mhí xbíh xepHOBHÖ/ — cjiaBH ßjiaroflaTb, tbíh ceô noHOCHHH xpecx — ce mhí xBajia i necxb, 0 Iicyce! 272 (CKOBopona; TyT TaicoHc HenoBHi i nonoßini phmh). aôo: HHCTa nTHUH, /roay6HU,h/, TaKOB HpaB ímígtb: 6yne mícto, /n,e hchhcto/, TaMo He nonicTb ... (Kohhcbkhh, nop. in,e b naparpa(pi 3 Bipni 3 Gpanna). I BHyTpmmi Phmh jih)6hb IIIeBneHKo: He nm hohí / Kapi oni.. . Hi pOHHHH, / HI XaTHHH . . . 3MajiK>Bajia, / He cxoBajia ... BipuiOBa TexHiKa yicpamcbicoro öapoKKa noKa3ye yßary noeTiß ôapoKKa flo 4)opMajibHHx npoöaeM Ta BejíHKy npanro Han, BipineM. T. E no c 1. BejíHKHH enoc, aHi npo30BHH, am BipmoBaHHÖ, Ha YicpaiHi He po3BHHyBCH. TojiOBHe, 3 hbox npnnHH: ßapoKKo He bhtbophjio Ha yKpami neBHoi kjihch noeTÍB, neBHoro Kojia, nice BBaacaao 6 noe3ÍK) 3a cbog noKJíHKaHHH. ÜHCBMeHHHKH 6yjiH, ajie ennHa Moac-jiHBa npotpeciHHa nHCbMeHHHnbica npann 6yaa npan.H pyxoBHHx nHCbMeHHHKiß. Cbítcbkí nncaan Jianie 3 BiabHoro ôaacaHHH. JXo Toro He 6yao 3Mom npyicyBaTH bcjikkhx TBopiB CBÍTCbKoro xapaKTepy. I n,e ayate nepeniKonnao po3bhtkobí eninHo'i arrepaTypn. Bce ac KiatKa TBopiB 3 eninHHM 3a6apBaeHHaM MacMo. 2. 36eperaaca b pyiconncy noaoBHHa nepeKaany „Bn3BoaeHoro GpycaaHMy" Tacco. Moaoia ranám, mp Ha mo noejviy pamiboro 6a-poKKa nepeKaaflani nHBHanca an Ha noBHaabHHH TBip. nepeiíaaneHo noeMy, hk 3naGTbCH, (6iaopyci>KHMH?) aem^aMH-yHiaTaMH. nepeicaan, 3po6aeHo He 3 iTaaiíicbKoro opHrmaay, a 3 noabcbicoro nepeicaany II. KoxaHOBCbKoro. nepeicaan, npcHTb BaacKHÖ; He Maionn aerKOCTH opHfmaay Ta noabCbKoro nepefcaany, bíh Bce ac ÍHoni rochtb npöpe nepen.ac xapaKTep eninHoro CTnaio, a caine mnpoKi nopiBHHHHH („p03BHHeHÍ MeTacpopn"), Ha hkí, hk noßanHMo, 3BepHyaa yßary vi yKpaiHcbKa Teopia noe3Í'i. Ocb npHKaan,n: ApťiaaaH. .. noöiace acHBOT cbíh Ha niaHiry nocTaBHTH, Hko i MecK bo naHCbKHÍí CTaÖHi yponHBnn, Gro ace Toniio Ky 6paHi oKopMaaiOTb, Era,a ace ch oh ypBeTb, 6iacHTb HeBCTaraHBHH Ha ciHoacaTi ijivl n.e cTan,a nacaiOTb. 275 BHHecjiHM KapKOM TpflceTi), a y rycroii rpnBH IlneTeHHG koch co BÍTpaMH irpaHDTb, nicoK b ÖHCTpoM 6iry KonHTaMH MemeTb, I pjKeTb rjiacoM BejiiiM, i ho3h,phmh npnineTb. A6o Tenc ranoBHá hjih enocy orníc paHKy: JiHxaiomeMy BÍTpy 3apn, bcím JKejiaHHOH, TaH OT CTpaH boctohhhx paaocrao 3HBjianie, iMiioine Ha TpaBi bohhocth pOHCaHHH BÍHen,b, íjk bcím bohk> cJiapKy icnyinaine, IIÍO 3PHIU, BCHKHH BOIH flBJieOCH ÖHTb OTBaJKHHH, GroHíe rjiac Tpyô cjian,KHX k TOMy B036yjKiia.ine, noCJlÍ>K3e BCH THMnaHH TJiaC CBÍH H3HCHHUia. B to BpeMH BCe MHOHíeCTBO boh CH OnOJIHHUia. (Grpodpa nepeKJiapy — t. 3b. ,,oKTaBa"). Hk öa^HMo, jien.Be mh MorjiH 6 ôararo cnornnaTHCH bíh, nepeKJiany cBÍTCbKoro enocy, 3po6-jieHoro nHCbMeuHHKOM, mp 3bhk po nncaHHH nponoBirieH Ta n,o bjkht-Ky BancKoi cjiob'hhhíhhh. IlepeKJian, ne 6yB BHflaHHH, Ta bíh B3arajii He 3HannioB, 3n,aGTbca, po3noBCion,JKeHHH. — Cnpoôy HeßejiHKoro icTopHHHoro enocy (ByHHHCbKoro-ÍIcKOJibaa npo HHrnpHHCbKy bíh-Hy 1678 p.) 3axoBaB HaM „jiiTonnc" BejiHHKa (jihb. najii). JXemá iCTOpHHHÍ BÍpnii Te>K MOJKHa HK Ha ix ßOCHTb BeJIHKHH p03MÍp BBa- HíaTH 3a npHKJiap icTopHHHoro enocy. Ajie Ha BejíHKHH enoc yKpam-cbKa ÔapoKKOBa icTopn^Ha noe3ÍH He cnpoMoryiaen. 3. 3aTe MacMo KÍJibKa 3pa3KÍB ayxoBHoro enocy. BapoKKo 3i CBOiM noBOpOTOM flo pejiirii bhtbophjio Bcionn 3pa3KH pyxoBHoro enocy, pÍ3HÍ ,,XpHCTÍan,H" Tomp. B nbOMy m, nanpaMi äpe BipnioBa-HHH nepecniB khhto ByTTH Ta GBaHrejii'i MaTdpia, hkí HaBÍTb BHpaB ppyKOM, npncBHTHBuiH ix Ma3eni, 1697 p. i'x aBTop CaMÍHJio Mok-piGBHH. Ta noro npairi HeaocjiiajKem, a po HerarHBHHx cyniB CTapnx AOcjiíahhkíb Tpeôa CTaBHTHCH cKenTHHHo: BOHH B3arajii He bmíjih u,íhhth noe3ÍI ßapoKKa. — Hiön (xon i MajieHbKa) cnpoöa nyxoBHoro enocy g ä BipnioBaHHH AnoKajiincnc, BnnaHHn, Ha acajib, jinnie b ypnBKax. JXo „BHeHoro" aöo flHnaKTH^Horo enocy HajieíKaTb i Tam (HepocjiipjKeHi ßjiHJKHe) TBopn, HK I. MaKCHMOBHHa „Eoroponnne JXíbo" (23 000 panKÍB!) Ta Soro jk „Ocmb 6jiaJKeHCTB" (6 000 pair.-kíb) . HeťaTHBHe cTaBJíeHHa po áoro BipniiB n o k h híhhm He o6-ťpyHTOBaHe. JXo „flnflaKTHHHoro" (noBnajibHoro) enocy HajiejKaib m,e imni TBopn 18 ct. Be3yMOBHo 3a 3pa30K „AHaaKTH^Horo enocy" Tpeßa BBaJKaTH i o^hh 3 neBHO HaM BÍn.OMHX TBOpÍB „K03aKa KjIHMOBCb- Koro" — „O npaBocyflHK), npaB^i i 6on,pocTÍ". íle HHaaKTHHHHH, 21If po3MipHO HeBejiHKHH (902 Bipiua) enoc, TpoxH He3BHqaÖHoro xapaK-Tepy, nHcaHHÍi 1724 p., oHeBHjiHO, n,jiH n,apH IleTpa I-ro. Tßip Kjih-MOBCbKoro He „naHeripHK", a noBaaHHH iiapeBi. TnnoBi njia enocy (nHB, flaJli 3pa3KH 3 noeTHKH CKOBOpO^h) HeBeJIHKÍ MaJIIOHKH-MeTa- (popn: Hko nec, ern,a öyneTb KaMeHeM H3BjieHHHH, He 3a HJIOBÍKOM ÍMJKe KaMÍHB TOT BepjKeHHHH, ho 3a KaMeHeM oíjkhtb, KaMÍHB yrpH3aGTb: ceMy Ha BjiacTB rpH3yniHHca nonpÖHHH oHBacTB. BjiacHe noBHajiBHi pan,KH HaranyroTb RemzM enirpaMH, TaK caMO rpaiOHH cjioBaMH cnijibHoro nHa: IIjapcBKaa gctb n,yma npaßna; hko ace 6o tíjto 6e3 nyuii HefliSCTBeHHO, MepTBO GCTB í THHJIO, TaKo rjap 6e3 npaBnH gctb MepTBHH, HenÍHCTBeHHHH, ame i mhhtbch b jkhbhx o6pa30M HBJíeHHHH OTBHi TÍJia, HO BHyTp CHH GCTB TpynOM COrHHJIHH J híctb b hím nyini npaBHH, jieJKHib b rpoôi 3tjiíjihh. MaJieHBKHÍi BipHi „O CMHpeHHi BHCOHaHHiHx" (ycboro 160 panKÍB) Te>K Tpeôa npn ji y hhth np Toro caMoro ťaTyHKy. .ZIpyrHH aBTop g cb. Ioacacp TopjieHKO, EÍJiropon,cbKHH cnncKon, aBTop CBOGpiflHoro enocy „BpaHB necHHx cenMH npoponiTejieii 3 cen,-MH rpixaMH cMepTHHMH" (1737). He noeMa 3 BCTynoM Ta enijioroM y bocbmh nicHax (kojio 1000 Bipniiß). IIoeMa nncaHa pí3hhmh po3- MÍpaMH n,epKOBHOCJIOB,HHCBKOK) MOBOK) 3 nOMÍTHHMH eJieMeHTaMH yKpaiHCBKOl JieKCHKH (jiaHH;yjKOK, nOÖOJKHOCTb, flOniKyjIHTb, Kopo- roB, oOMeíKeHHH, BTiKaTH, Tomp), ajie, nocKÍJibKH cb. Ioaca

kobhx onoBinaHt.. IIo-pyn ntoro — Tpa3Hn,ÍHHa cHMBoaiKa peairnmoi aiTepaTypn: xpecT — „ynnija", Ha HKy Bor BaoBHB nnaBoaa, toiho; KpiM Toro, th-noBo öapoKKOBi MeTacpopn — Hanp., nyxoBHi „KaneabMaficTpH" bíh-cbKOBo'i My3HKH. B t€KCT ycTaBaeHo ancTH (ancT npôponÍTeaeH ap Bora, jiHCT XpncTa, nncaHHÖ loaHOM EorocaoBOM i t. n,.). KpiM „npoponiTeJieň" Ta rpixiB, BHCTynaioTb i íhhií nepcoHicpiKOBam no- hhtth (MoJÍHTBa TOIUO). BeCB p03BHT0K nil nOB'a3aHHH 3 CBHTaMH npoTaroM pony. Cb. Ioacacp, m;o 3a cBianeHHaM CKOBoponn 6yB asia-TopoM yKpaiHCBKoi HaponHoI nicHi, 3 (poaKabopy b cboíh noeMi He CKOpHCTaBCfl. 4. Ta yKpamcbKa noeTHKa, po3yMÍGTi.ca, 3BepTajia yBary Ha enoc: enoc onHa 3 ochobhhx (popM ôapoKKOBoi noe3Ü. Ajie HHTaan eninm TBopH aHTHHHocTH Ta 3axiflHtoro öapoKKa Ha yKpaim b Jia-thhcbkhx opnrÍHaaax. MaeMo, oaHane, cnpoôn nepeKaany ypHBKiß, MaÖyTt., an 3pa3KÍB npn HaBnaHHi. Oct hk CKOBopona nepenaG eninm HiHpoKi nopiBHHHHH 3 „EHeinn": oflHH 3 TpoHHUÍB HaTpanaaG He-cnofliBaHo Ha BoporiB: Octobóíb i nipBaBca Bnpyr Ha3aa, c caoBaMH, Tan KaK xTo míhí TepHÍGM HeB3HaHafi HoraMH HacTynHTb 3mík>, i Bapyr 36ainHeTi>, onöiraa, A BOHa 3aHTi>ca, 3 anpM hihkj ninHHMaa. BiScbKOBa cyTH^Ka nopiBHioGTLca 3 6ypeio: TaK Koraa 3ÖiaTbca ap xnny JiiTepaxypH ÔapoKKOBHx onoBipaHb. HaHBHSHanHinioio oöpoÖKoio CTaporo MaTepÍHJiy n,yxoBHOro onoBiaaHHa (hchtíh) 6yjiH cjiaBH03BÍCHi 12 BejíHKHx tomíb „HeTiH-MHHeíí" CB. J-ÍMHTpa Tynxajia: Ix Jiŕrepa-TypHa BapTicTB He ninaarac cyMHÍBy, Ix ôapoKKOBHO xapaKTep Bna-nac b oni (Ta 3'flcoByGTbca nonacTH i bjkhtkom 3axinHÍx nacepea); íx Mosa, Ha acaat, npn nÍ3HÍmoMy apyny 3incyra pociácbKoio ,,ko-peKTOK)". 7_lyxoBHe onoBinaHHa npo Hyn,eca Majio xaKOJK n,ÍKaBHx penpe3eHxaHxÍB, m. íh. Mornjiy xa TajiaxoBCbKoro. 3anHCH MorHjiH 6yjiH ninroxoBOio KHHrn, mp ífi He noin,acxnao no6aHHTH cBixy; xa oaHaKOBo xyx mh 3HafioMHMoca 3 lexmKoio onoBiaaHHa, RocHXB JKHBOK), 3 3MaraHHHM np nonyaapH3an.il: Mornjia nonac nacTO po pinnioro cjioBa „bhcokoí" mobh, ak napajiejno, npoc-Te, HapoRHe. Hanp., ,,aíeaT>30K0Bna... a6ic caiocapb", ,,3eMHyio or-pany, ce ecTt Baat", „nByarb Hacaivrt opjioOHbiiwb, ce ecTt 3era- POBBIMI." (BÍH, „3erap" - roaHHHHK), „aOBUH, HXT> JKe HapHIiaiOTb ceBpyKH", „Ha HocHJiax — Mapaxt", „ci>3n,aHÍe nnpra, ce ecxt 6ani-hh". OnoBÍRaHHa pÍ3HOMaHÍTHi: nopyn onoBiaaHt npo nyaeca, — ne CTapHH ťaTyHOK yKpaiHCBKOi JiiTepaTypn (n.HB. po3n,iaH I. Ta II. — „OnoBÍn,aHHH"), — MacMO Tyr acaxaHBÍ icTopií „MonepHoro THny", Hanp., hk GnncKon Xojimcbkhh .ZJíohícíh 36HpyäcbKHH Ha no-pany HaKJiyHÍB poÖHB cnpo6y BHJiiKyBaTnca bír CMepraoi xopoön, HainacTHBniHCH Kpoß'io cBoro Kyxapa-xjionnnKa, cepne aKoro bíh niß Haica3aB cneKTn Ta „ekh 3BÍp i3'ane". rapm KopoTeHbKi onoBi-flaHHa b CTnai naTepHKÍB (hhb. po3nia II. T. Ta EKCKypc I, B, a, 2), repoň KiatKox Tannx onoBinaHb — o. JleoHTin KapnoBHH (nop. npo Hboro naai: „IIponoBinb", 3): bíh HÍKoan He bhxorhb 3 Keail (KpiM hk RO qepKBH), He Maionn b pyicax „Kaencnapn" (nicKOBoro ro-flHHHHKa), a np poÖHB, iu;o6 naM'aTaTH, mo He Tpeöa 3aanniaTn am roRHHH 6e3 fliaa (Tpeöa, po3yMÍGTtca, nyMaTH npo „ayxoBHe aijio" — ayxoBHy 6opoTt6y). Toä caMHÖ oTenb Ka3aB: ,,HKm,o Ha 6iay 277 TKaHHHy Biiafle h HaÖMeHina KpanjiHHa HopHHjia, to ii 3pa3y no-mítho, a Ha HopHifi — i ôíjibihoí He nÍ3HaTH; TaK, hkiho toh, xto Mae HHCTe cyMaiHHfl, Bnafle y MaanŘ rpix, to, cxaMeHyBiuHca, no-KaeTLca; a xto Mae He*racTe (cyMjiiHHa), ne Moace ni3HaTH, mp BnaB, a TOMy He aerKo i noainniHTBca". Bth eaMe 6yB npHÖwHH-KOM nacToro npH^acTa: ak toh, xto HaöanacaeTbca 30 coHaniHoro CBÍTaa, öaHHTB Ha coôi TiopHÍCTi> i HaHMeHuiHx naaM, Tan noMinae ô toh, xto nacTO npHHamaeTbca, cboí rpixn. — Toro hc rnny ono-BiaaHHH npo nycTeatHHKa, Ha aKoro Hanaan P03ôíhhhkh Ta no6a-HHJiH, hk bíh, MoaaaHCb, niflHocHBCa b noBÍTpa. .. 2. IHpnp CTHaicTHHHoro oôpoÔaeHHH, to yKpamcbKi GapoKKOBi nOBÍCTÍ flaaeKÍ BÍA nO^aCTH BÍpTy03H0Í BHTOHHeHOCTH 6apOKKOBHX BipmiB. IHoHanoiabine 3ycTpineMO b noBicTax fleaKHH AOTenrnrii 3BopoT, oKpeMe flo6pe 3(popMyabOBaHe pe^eHHa toiho. Bo Bara 6a-poKKOBoro onoBinaHHH aeacHTb He b (popMi, a b 3Míctí. ,,3míct" neö, roaoBHe, — po3bhtok cioaceTy, iiiKaBi Ta Hanpyatem cHTyaiii'i, koh-cpaiKTH Ta i'x po3B'a3aHHa; B3araai „xía noniň". OKpeMi nocTaTi (hk u.e, rrpaBna, 6yao 3Ae6iabHioro Bace i b CTapiö noBÍCTi) n,ÍKaBÍ flaa aBTopa Ta flaa HHTana annie nocTiabKH, nocKiabKH bohh e, TaK 6h mobhth, uiaxoBHMH (pirypaMH b Hanpyacemií Ta 3anayTaHÍä rpi, HKy hhmh Be^e Bor, „floaa", ačmohíhhí cnan, — y rpi, aKy npöpe CKoMOÍHyBäTH i e 3aBAaHHHM aBTopa aöo nepepoöHHKa cTaporo TBopy. — lie He 3HaHHTb, mp öapoKKOBa noBicTb He Mae BHyTpirn-Hboro 3MÍCTy. BoHa nacTo iriiabHO 3b'a3aHa 3 BceoxonaHBHM peai-tíhhhm acHTTaM Ta noflae neBHy „Mopaab" a6oac — b oKpeMHx míchhx — ceHTeHiiii Ta iiiai MopaaÍ3aTopcbKÍ hh (piaococpyíoHi ok-peMi onoBÍflaHHa (i TyT MaeMO Bace CTapy Tpanmiiio). Cyro aBaH-TypHa, ujaKOM „cBÍTCbKa" noBÍCTb He BCTHraa Ha yicpaim nrapoKO po3BHHyTHca. HaBÍTb y cyxi cbohí CBÍTCbKi, Ka3K0BÍ noBÍCTi 3Ae6iab-Hia Bce ac HaB'a3aHi 30 HKoiCb peairiHHOi Mopaai a6o, npHHaiiMHi, ao TpaAHH,ÍHHoro ímchh CBaToro. JXo pern — caMOCTÍHHa npau,a yKpaiHCbKHX aBTopiß y HboMy raTyHKy öapoKKOBoi aiTepaTypn — HeBeaHKa. Mafiace BHKaioHHo MaeMO 3acBoeHHH cTapnx a6o hobhx nyacHx noBicTeü: BnaHB 3axoAy 6yB y 6apoKKOBÍíi noBÍCTi b ycix caoB'aHCbKHx HapofliB AyJKe cnab-HHH, i annie pociaHH (mo b íhhihx raay3ax öapoKKOBoi* aiiepaiypn ÖHiaH 3a yKpaiHD;aMH Ta noaaKaMH) Ta nonacra nexH yTBopnan HKycb caMOCTÍHHy 3MÍCT0M Ta xapaKTepoM aŕrepaTypy noBicTH. 3. BeaHKy KiabKicTb öiabuinx Ta MeHHinx onoBÍAaHb, bía mí-HiaTiopHoi aHeKAOTH AO noßicTH 3 HHcaeHHHMH aBaHTypaMH, flaan yKpaiHCbKÍH aiTepaTypi nepeKaaAH cepeAHbOBÍHHHx 3ÔipOK onoBi-flaHb: „BeaHKoro 3epn,aaa" Ta „PHMCbKHx icTopiô". 278 „BejiHKe 3epnajio" ooiÔMaao b HaSinHprnHx pen,aKniíix MaSace 2000 OKpeMHX onoBipiaHL, Hepes noabCbicy jiiTepaTypy, mp Majia npyKOBaHi BHflaHHH 3epn;aaa, boho npniiniao 30 yKpai'HCBKoi. Xlß-hkí 3 MaH/rpiBHHx aHeicnoT 3epn,aaa öyan Bace BinpMi Ha YKpami 3 íhuihx flJKepeji, Bi3aHTiiicbKHX 3Öipoic íkhtíh (t. 3b. „ITpojioriB"). BaraTO öyjio fi 30bcím hobhx. YicpaiHCbKi nepeKJia^H no^aBajiH jih-Hie BHÔip 3 BejiHae3Horo MaTepiaay 3epnaaa (30 273 ancea). Ajie h neä BHÖip noaaBaB HaHpÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍniHH MaTepiaa pÍ3HHM jiiTepa-TypHHM cdpepaM, BÍ3 nponoBÍ3Í (ne HaBonHJiH noBaaabHi onoBi-flaHHH, hko nnpHKJiajj;H") 30 Hapo3Ho'i Ka3KH. 3yCTpiaaeMo b 3ep-naai, Hanp., onoBipaHHH npo aapiBHHino, aicy no CMepTi ii aopTH 3a6pajiH 30 neicaa (3pa30K 3aa roroaesoro „Bia"), a6o npo BnepTy aciHKy, mp cnepeaaaaca 3 aoaoBÍKOM, hh „noKomeHe" hh „nocTpn-aceHe" i t. 3. JJp peai Ha Yicpami ôpaan ÍH03Í „npHKaann" i He 3 yKpaiHCBKoro HenoBHoro nepeicaasy 3epnaaa, a npocTo 3 aaTHH-CBKOro opnťiHaay aôo noabcbicoro nepeicaasy. Biabm cbítcbkhh xapaKTep Marort „Phmcbkí icTopii", Teac ce-pe3HBOBÍaHHO 36ipHHK onoBÍ3aHB, b aKOMy ix 3Haxo3HMo 150. Ha Yicpami xeac 3ycTpiaaeM0 He noBHi nepeKaa3H „icTopiň", a BHÖipKH hh nepenaa3H Ta nepepoÖKH OKpeMHX onoBinanb. I Tyr ocHOBa — noabCbKHH nepenaan. TyT MaeMO icTopiio npo nany rpnropia, mp He Mae Hiaoro cniabHoro 3 3Íhchíctk>, a nonae xpHCTHaHCbicy 06-poÔKy aHTHaHo'i icTopiľ Eßina, mp o3pyacHBca 3 BaacHoio MaTip'io. BeaHKa aßaHTypHa noßicTb e onoBÍ3aHHa npo „AnoaoHia Tnp-cbKoro": ne cKaasm npnro3H 3BOX KOxamjiB, hkhx po3ayaye 3oaa Ta ani no noBrnx MaH3pÍBKax Ta pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHX npnrosax 3hob 3y-CTpiaaiOTbca. 4. AßaHTypHe onoBipaHHa CBiTCbKoro xapaKTepy THnoBe 3aa enoxH ßapoKKa, xoa caMi onoBÍ3aHHa aacTO 3aaeKO CTapmi. Ha yicpaiHi BÍ30MÍ CTaan 3eaKÍ KaacnaHi aBaHTypm onoBi-,3aHHa. JXo hhx HaaeacHTb, Hanp., icTopia „neTpa 3oaoTÍ Kaioai" — ne onoBÍ3aHHa npo KOxaHnJB, npOBaHCBKoro rpadpa nexpa Ta Kopo-aiBHy Mareabony (Ha Yícpami MarnaeHa), inp 3ÔepiraioTb bíphíctb 03HH 03H0My y 30Brnx Ta CKaaflHHX npHro3ax, mp po3ayaaiOTb íx. Hp aBaHTypHe onoBÍ3aHHa annapcbKoro Tímy. He 3ocarHyaa Be-aHKoro po3noBCK)3aceHHa annapctKa Ka3Ka npo BoBy KOpoaeBHaa, aae 6yaa BifloMa ii Bona (3HB. po33ia IV, B, 3). MoacaHBo, inp oyaH BÍ30MÍ h íhihí kjihchhhí onoBisaHHa Toro ac THny (Meai03HHa, Epymmiic). TpoxH mnry BÍ3MÍny aBaHTypHoro onoBÍ3aHHa MaeMo b no-bíctí npo n,icapa OTTOHa, — np icTopia hcbkhho 3acy3aceHoÍ aciHKH nicapa Ta 11 cHHÍB-6aH3HaT, hkhx m3th 3ary6Haa. .ZIíth Ta 6aTbKH no HHcaeHHHX npnrosax 3ycTpiaaioTbca 3HOBy. — II03Í6HHH cioaceT 279 Mae ň noßicTL npo rpa AabTnppcpCbKy, b6hth 11 3 12 chhíb-6jih3híit, in,o Bona noponnaa. Ajie fliTefi BpaTOBaHO, Ta BOHH nÍ3HÍUie 3HOBy 3*ÍIBJIHK)TI)CH B 6aTi>KÍB. 3míct aBaHTypHoro onoBÍn.aHHH HeMoataHBO nepenaTn cthcjio. Tepoi Maäace 3obcím He cxapaKTepH30BaHÍ. Becb iHTepec TBopy b HeenofliBaHHx 3BopoTax híí: BTpanem híth 3HaxonaTbca, 3aryôaeHÍ — MíHByTB, BejíHKHH rpiuiHHK rpHropin CTae cbhthm Ta nanoio i T. h. JIionHHi öapoKKa noapßaaoca n,e HanpyaceHHa, HecnoaiBamcTb 3míh, yci nepnneTii, inp 6yjiH Bjiacne xapaKTepncTHHHi ô naa jkhtth tíg'í pyxaHBoí npÖH. 5. 3obcím íhhihh xapaKTep MaiOTb noBÍCTÍ „(pijiococpinm" a6o „ineoaorinHi'': neä ťaTyHOK 3Hajia Bate i CTapa yicparncbita aiTepa-Typa. HaHcaaBHinia noBÍCTb nboro THny „BapaaaM Ta Hoaca(p" po-aoiaa Ha Yicpaím h ho aaciß öapoKKa Ta, flicTaBinn niflHOBaeHHá MOBHHÖ opar, HaBÍTb 6yaa BHflpyKyBaHa b 17 ct. (.Hhb. EKCKypc I, T. 6. 7). — iHina noBÍCTb nboro caMoro THny — ,,IcTopia ceMH Myn-peniß" (hhb. y IV po3niai) — Teat npaaiaa ho ôapoKKa Ta ň nepe-acnaa ňoro. — HoBa e noBÍCTb npo annapa Ta CMepn.: ne niaaor Miac ann,apeM Ta cMepTio (nepeicaan 3 aaTHHCbKo'i); i po3MOBa i xin noajií KÍHnaiOTbca nepeMoroio cMepTn. Ty caMy nyMity npo Map-HÍCTb acHTTH MaGMo i b npyrin noBÍCTÍ, nncaHiô np03oio, b po3MOBÍ HCHTTH Ta CMepTn. B o6ox TBopax MaeMo Ty caMy, xapaKTepnc-THHHy naa nacy, nyMKy, aKy 30 peai 3ycTpiaaeMo i b ancaeHHnx BipnioBaHHx TBopax nacy: „noaoBme" (roBopnTb cMepTb y cyne-penn;i 3 ann,apeM) „He nnniHaa ecMb,... He KpacHaa, a BeabMH cnabHaa, Moaonnx i crapnx, Öarainx i BÔornx 3a piBHo bcíx no-Ônpaio; cnoMHH co6i noaoßiae, ot A#aMa i 30 cero pne KiabKO 6nao napeö, KHH3efi, naipiapxiB, MHTponoaHTÍB, öarainx i yöorox aioneü, CTapnx i MoaoflHX, to a bcíx noöpaaa; . . . nap AaeKcaHnep, ace Hafl bcímh KpoaeBaB, to a i Toro B3aaa ... Si acanHoro öaraTCTBa He 3ÖHpaio, am KpacHoro oflinHa, 3aHeace HeMHaocTHBa ecMb i HÍKOMy aacy Hanaain He oflicaaflaio... ". „Maeni CKapön BeaHKHi, aae 3 C060K) He 3a6epeni, TiabKO eflHHyio Kouiyaio . . . ". — Ifleoaormm onoBiaaHHa 3ycTpiHeMo i b 3Öipicax 3epn,aaa Ta PnMCbKnx icTopiö. 6. JIk npHKaafl HancaaBHimoro repoa CMepTb HasoflHTb Oaeit-caHflpa MaiceflOHCbKoro. I bíh 6yß repoeM CTapnx BincbKOBHx ono-BiaaHb (flHB. I nacTHHy), inp nonpnxoflHaH me b CTapy yicpamy. „OaeKeaHHpia" floatnaa ö po naciß ôapoKKa, po kíhiih n,nx naciB. I Tyr MaeMo i MOBHy i cTnaicTHHHy MOflepHÍ3anÍK>. KniBCbKi nacn 3Haan „BincbKOBy" OaeKcaHflpno, öapoKKo (nip BnaHBOM cboix 3a-xiflnix flacepea) Haflae noßicTi mnioro xapaKTepy. Ta saacne „Oaetc-caHHpia" — uß Moace „HannoBHinia" noBÍCTb, mo 3nae öapoKKo: TyT cnoayneHÍ pÍ3HÍ Tnnn, — xon bíhcbkobí eaeMeHTn He Tani cnabHi, 280 hk y cTapift „OjieKcaHJipií", ajie bohu g, Ta no hhx npnenHyiOTbca i annapctKi, i aBaHTypHi, i ineonori^m, i HaBÍTb xphcthhhcbkí eae- MeHTH. „TaK BejIBMH MÍH.HO a OKpyTHO ÖHJIO nOÔHTTG, JKe C JI COHIie 3aTMÍJIO, He XOTHHH B3rjIflSaTB Ha OHOG BeJIHKOG bhjihttg KpOBH", „pyinnaoca bíhcbko TaK míiiho i chjibho, aac 3eMJia CToraaaa i n,pn-jKajia", — r^e me b cthjií CTapo'i bíhcbkoboí" noBicTH. Ajie OaeKcaH-nep Bate He tíjibkh nepeMoacmra repoá. JXo /^apifl, nepcBKoro n,apa bíh nfflie: „Bím, ťnnac bcí b kojií npyTKOM tpopTymi oönycMo, nacTO-Kpor 3 öaraTCTBa bo yöoacecTBo, 3 Beceaia b CMyTOK, 3 bhcokocth b HH3KÍCTB, i Tyn,H i cion.H nepeMÍHflGMO... h 3anpaBny GCTeM CMepTejiBHHH. A TaK no Te6e íny, hko 3 CMepTejiBHHM tojiobíkom Baji^HTB... MaGMO b nÍ3HÍo „OjieKcaHapii" i niKaBi aiajiorH, noBHi ÍHon,i apaMaTH3My, i jihcth pÍ3Horo 3MÍcTy. He jj,hbho, mp n,H BejiHKa noBicTB (aKy Moace MoacHa 6yjio 6 Ha3BaTH ň poMaHOM) BHKJiHKájia iHTepec y wraniB naciß öapoKKa. 7. JlHHie bhímkobí MOTHBH epOTHHHl, xoH epoTHKa pi3Horo rany He nyjKa öapoKKOBiö yKpaiHCbKio noBÍCTi (nHB. § 3 Ta 4). B>Ke 6e3 noMiniKH aßaHTypHHX mothbíb, 3ycTpinaGM0 epoTHKy b nepepoöae-híh BipuieM 3 „XüeKaMepoHa" BoKKa^Ho noBÍCTi npo Tamcpefla, ľmc-Kapaa Ta Ciri3MyHny (,HeKaMepoH, IV, 1, 3a hojibcbkhm nepeKJia-npM riepoHÍMa MopuiTHHa): npHHiieca Ciri3MyHna noKoxaaaca 3 TBiCKapaOM, flBOpHHHHOM HeSHa^IHOrO poay; íl ÖaTBKO, npHHB; TaHK- pen. noKapaB FBicKapna Ha CMepTb; CirÍ3MyHna OTpyíaaca; KOXäH-híb, oflHaae, Ha npoxaHHa CirÍ3MyHn.H, noxoBano pa30M, — neBHa npHMHpaHBa Hora b Tpariamň iCTopii. yKpaÍHCBKa nepepoÖKa no-caaÖHaa aKpa3 epoTHHHi eaeMeHTH. Aae yKpai'HCBKHH aBTop bmíg onHcyBäTH ncHxoaorÍHHi nepeacHBaHHa, xon i Han,a6 ím eni^HHMH nopiBHHHHaMH 30BCÍM imnoro xaparepy, amat bohh MaioTB y Bok-Ka^iMo. Ocb npHKaaa — naan TaHKpen,a, rnp npBÍn.aBCH npo cinepTB Ciri3MyHnH: Bafla ac OTeiiB CMepTb HBHy n,mepH cboih MHaiä, He naaKaB, ho pnnaB no tíh btící niniá, Ha ceôe i Ha npaip cbok> Hapmaa, i neHB tot čbíh Hein,acHHH ripKO npoKannaa. Akh npH MeamipoBHx Ôperax neSent Ôiaiô, TaK acaaicHO Han, n.inepK) naaKaB OTen& MHaiä. Jleôenb rjiacoM naaneBHHM kphhhtb, B03n,Hxaa, i KpnaaMH ÖHCTpHi boh,h po3ÔHBaa, noGTt nicHB nenaaBHy raacoM yMHaeHHHM ... 8. XapaKTepHCTHHHi nna ôapoKKa neMOHoaorinm noBÍCTi. ,He-MOHoaoria nyace po3BHHyaaca Ha 3axon,i b aacH peHecaHcy. neBHa rapMOHÍHHicTB CBÍToraafly cepe^HtoBinna He BHKJíHKáaa TaKoi yBarn 28 Ĺ flo neMOHiHHHx cHJi, hk po3ipBaHa mihí pejiineio Ta „cbitom Kyjit.-Typa peHecaHcy Ta ôapOKKa. B n,i aacH, ak bíaomo, BHpocjia uma-bíctb po „Marii", nouiHpioBajiHCfl npoijecH npoTH bíabom. 3míct fleMOHOJiorinHHX noBicreö He hobhbľ OcHOBna ix TeMa HajiejKHTb me CTapiô acKeranHiö jiiTepaTypi: ne bmíhhh neMOHin-HHX cHJi npH BCHKHX oöcTaBHHax fliCTara jiionHHy po CBoix pyK. U.si TeMa po3po6jiK>Bajiacfl b cTapnx „jkhtíhx", Tenep BOHa nepe- XOflHTB Í po CBÍTCBKOÍ nOBÍCTH. Mh BJKe n03HaíIOMHJIHCa 3 onoBi-flaHHHM npO HapÍBHHHK), flKy HOpTH no 11 CMepTÍ fllCTaaH HaBÍTB 3 ĽjepKBH Ta 3a6paan 3 coôoio 30 neioia (ahb. mm\e — npo 3epnaao). JJioBiflyeMOCH 3 íhiuoí noBicTH npo aimapa, Beamcoro rpiniHHKa, iqo 3BaaíHBca oflHoro nacy noKaaTnca: cBamemiK, wo BHMaraB Bifl HBoro cnonaTKy poKÍB Ta míchuíb KaaTTH, 3roflHBca HapeuiTi oÖMeacHTHca Ha MoanTBax npoTaroM annie onmcí hohí b nepKBi. Aae flHHBoa He xotíb BnnycTHTH 3 CBoix pyK TaKoi noacHBH: ňoro cayrn cnpoôy-Baan nepepBaTH nonyTy annapa, to aaKaionn fioro noaceaceio, to 3'aBaaionHca flo HBoro b nociari ňoro cecTpn, hcíhkh Ta fliTeň, to HapeuiTi y Buraafli cBaineHHKa caMoro. Aae HÍKOMy ne Bflaaoca npn-MycHTH aimapH 3aaHuíHTH nepKBy, „Ta cnoBiflHmc noro po3B'a3aB ofl ycix rpixiß". — 3ycTpinacMo ň onoBiflaHHH npo MyKH rpiniHHKÍB Ha TOMy cbítí: CBameHHKOBÍ Soro rpinina MaTH onoBiaae npo cboI MyKH (TeMa, in,o nepeäinaa i flo HapoflHoi Ka3KH — „Baôyca Ha TOMy cbítí"). — Po3yMÍGTBCH, BÍflOMÍ ícTopíi npo 3anHC flymi nop-tobí; TaK 3poÖHB, ino6 flicTaTH yaioöaeHy flÍBHHHy 3a acÍHKy, repou oflHoro 3 yKpalHCBKHX onoBiflaHB, Eaaflifi, HKoro Bifl cTpaniHoi npn-carH 3BÍaBHHB BacnaB BeaHKHÔ. — 3HaxoflHM0 HaBÍTB onoBiflaHHH, wp Bace napofliíiHO 3o6paaíyG Bipy b nopTÍB Ta ix cnay: ne icTopia npo XHTpy acÍHKy, wp oôflypnaa TpBox MoaoflHx aiofleö; oöflypnaa BOHa ix, cKopHCTaBuiHca 3 Ix BÍpn b nyfleea. 9. 3HaxoflHMo Ha YKpami i fleaKi íhhií rann noBÍCTeo. Aae ň THX npHKaafliB, inp mh HaBean, Moace aochtb, m.06 noKa3aTH, HKe SHaneHHH Maaa noBÍCTB naciß oaporaca, xon BOHa ö 6yaa, nopÍBHHHO 3 íhhihmh raTyHKaMH aÍTepaTypn, Maao po3BHHeHa. JXo yKpalHCBKoi aÍTepaTypn nprohnaH HHcaeHHÍ KaacHHHi cioaíeTH, mp nÍ3HÍme bbíh-uiaH flo HapoflHoi noe3Íi, flo Ka3KH Ta aeťeHflH. HnMaao 3 hhx bh-KopncTaHO i ni3HiniHMH noeiaMH. ^ochtb ninpoKO nepnaB 3i CTapoi CKapoHHHÍ aÍTepaTypn «rpamco, ino KopncTyBaBca TaKoac i HaficTa-pinioK) yKpaÍHCBKOio aiTepaTypoK) (Hanp., „Min Í3Maparfl"). JXjix nÍ3HÍnioro onoBÍflaHHa ôapoKKOBa noBÍCTB 6e3nocepeflHbO Maaa HeôaraTo 3HaneHHa. Aae nepe3 napoflHy noe3Íio, BOHa Bnan-Baaa, Hanp., i Ha poMaHTHHHe yKpamcBKe onoBiflaHHH. 282 JI. TeaTp 1. TeaTp npcfliTHyB 3a naciß ßapoKKa BejiHKoro po3BHTKy. 3 IIIeKcnipoM Ta bcjikkhmh ecnaHCBKHMH Ta cppaHiiy3bKHMH apaMaxyp-raMH ne 6yB npyraH cbítobhh po3KBÍT TeaTpy nicjiji rpenií. Ajie He jiHHie BH3HaHHÍ MaficTpi cnemHHoi jiiTepaTypH MajiH 3a qaciB 6a-poKKa BejiHKHH ycnix. BapoKKo 3 öoro jhoöob'kj ho BCboro MajitoB-HHHoro Ta n,eKopaTHBHoro, ^0 naTOcy Ta HanpyJKeHHH, Koxajioca b po3KÍuiHHx TeaTpajiBHHx BHCTaBax Ta AeKJiflManii aKTopiß, xoh 6h n'ecH i 6yjiH He nyjKe bhcokoi hkocth. Ha yKpami TeaTp 3'hbhbch b Iii nacn, a caMe nin. bhjihbom nojitcbKoro Ta jiaTHHCbKoro TeaTpy. Ha 3axoni npn nonaTKax Te-aTpy ctohjih neBHi cepenHbOBinm Haponni Ta nepKOBHi Tpa^Hiiií. Ha ynpami uepKOBHHx Tpan,Hinö HaneBHe, a HaponHHx Manace Ha-neBHe He 6yjio. OTjKe, yKpai'HCbKmi TeaTp iiíjikom noxonHTb 3 6a-poKKOBoí npaMH. BejíHKOK) Mipoio 3 TeaTpy G3yiTCbKHx ihkíji, mo flocHrayB MHMajioľ MHCTeubKoi bhcohhhh; ajie He Tpeôa 3a6yBaTH h npo mojkjihbí bhjihbh TeaTpy npoTecTaHTCbKoro, 6o h npoTecTaHTH MajiH ĽUKijibHHH TeaTp Ta nncajiH HHCJieHHi n'ecH (3ranacMo jimne HiKÍJibHÍ rpH KoareHCbKoro). ^paMa Ta nonaTKH KOMen.ii HajiencaTb np HaHTimoBiinHX ra-TyHKÍB yKpaiHCbKoi ôapoKKOBoi JiiTepaTypH. B inS rajiy3i aBTopn npai^iOBajiH 3a nyjKHMH 3pa3KaMH, ajie npainoßajiH caMOCTiíÍHO. MaJio Toro — yKpaiHCbKHH öapoKKOBHH TeaTp Maß ^HMajiná BnjiHB no3a MeacaMH yKpaiHH: b Mockbí Ta Ha BajiKaHax. 2. yjKe BHHieHCbKHH HanamacTbCíi Ha HKicb „KOMenľi", ajie, mojkjihbo, bíh nyMac npn nboMy Jiniue npo TeaTpaJibHHÍí CTHJib npo-noBini. nepuii cnpoÖH yKpai'HCbKoro TeaTpy MorjiH 6yTH jiaTHHCbKi Ta nojibCbKi, Ta no Toro npH3Hanem fljis By3bKHX paMOK HiKijibHoi BHCTaBH. Ajie He3a6apoM TeaTp nepepic Mend uikojih Ta licHoro Kojia yHHÍB, yHHTejiiB Ta 6aTbKÍB. nepmi npyKH MaeMo 3 nonaTKy 17-ro ctojiítth. He Bipini naMBH BepHHHH 3 1616 p. Ajie ne jinme fliajior npo PÍ3nBO XpncTOBe, jranie fleKjraManiíi, BJiacHe, 6e3 nií. XüpyrHH RpyK „XpHCToc nacxoH" 1630 p. nonac BJKe 3aponKOBy n'c-cy, 3 aíhobhmh 6í6jiíôhhmh ocoôaMH, xoM i fleKjiHMyioTb, ajie ne-KJiflMaiiiH ix y>Ke npcHTb cyÔ'GKTHBHo 3a6apBJieHa (rojioBHe, 3bo-pyuiJTHBHH „jiaMeHT MaTKH 36aBHTeJieBoi", TeMa, mo ii po3po6jiHB Ha yKpaiHi BHce KnpHJio TypiBCbKHÔ). ,2[on,aHo np nici naciäHOi 3aponKOBoi n'GCH ine HeTeaTpajibHHH n,ÍH,jior Ha BocKpeceHHH XpHC-TOBe. Ajie cnpaBJKHÄ n'cca g BjKe „Po3mhihjihhhg o Myin XpncTa" H. BoBKOBHHa, BHflpyKyBaHa 1631 p. Xom híh npoxonHTb 3a cneHoio Ta npo Hei po3noBÍnaK>Tb „bíchhkh", ajie Ha cnpm nepeöyßaioTfe „noöoJKHi nynii", mo JKBaBo pearyíoTb Ha onoBÍn.aHHH bíchhkíb; no- 283 6o5KHÍ pyini HaBÍTb nonacTH cxapaKTepH30BaHÍ ÍHflHBÍnyajn>ho, hk OT „MajIHĚ oipoK": A H, MajIHH OTpOK GCMb, He MOry mobhth, He Mory — yBH mhí ! — ycx moí'x otbophth ... G TyT 3HOBy „njian npenncTOi IlaHHH" 31 3BopyniJiHBHMH „JiHMeH-TaMH": ybh! THHÍKafl CKOpÖb mh OÖTOHHJia, OTxjiaHb oKpyTHHx cMyTKÍB norjioTHJia, o6íhhiji0 MeHe rjiyöoKoe Mope, TipKOG rope. K)hc moh pamcTb, k»k npen ycTynycTb, JIiOTan Týra jiioTe oôHHMyGTb, Moh k»k pen, kok yxixa opxoaHTb, B 3eMJIK) 3aXOflHTb (i t. a-)- MeHui TeaTpajibHoro b aopaHHX i po iiboro apyKy Bipniax Ha Boc-KpeceHHH. — MaGMo ai^Jiorř-nri Bipím Ha Pi3pBo i b „nepjii MHoro-i^iHHOMy" K. Tp. CTaBpoBeiíbKoro Ta pÍ3HÍ aajibuii híjií Ta ypHBKOBi TeKCTH aiflJioriB. 3. YKpaiHCbKa apaMa 3Hajia KijibKa ochobhhx THniB. Ilepe-rjiHHbMO II 3a hhmh THnaMH. yjHOĎjiem 6yjiH BHCTaBH pÍ3aBHHÍ. 36eperjiacH ao Hanioro na-cy m. íh. pÍ3aBHHa apaMa cb. ^MHTpa TynTajia. n'ccy noMHHaioTb Ta 3aKÍHHyK>Tb chmbojiíhhí cneHH, HKHŮcb „npojior", ae BHCTynaiOTb „HaTypa jiřoacbKa", „OMHjibHa Haain", „JIkjöob", „opTyHa", „CMepTb", „3eMjiH", „He6o" „BpaHiaa", „Uhkjiohh". üoaiÖHa jk CHMBOJiiHHa cueHa h 3aKÍHHyG apaMy. I3|e hí6h „MÍCTepin", mp po3-KpHBac ceHC rojioBHOi jsji. A roJiOBHa ai# noaae nepeöir pÍ3aBHHHx noaiíí 3 norjiaay cnonaxKy „nacTHpiß", noTÍM ,,3BÍ3AOHotíb" — „ua-piB", HapeiHTi Ipoaa Ta Soro a^opy, nicjiH hímoí cikíhh ,,y6ÍGHÍH oTponaT", rjinaa^i ôanHjiH Ta nyjiH „njiaH Paxijii", 3aKÍHHyBajia apaiay CMepTb Ipoaa Ta noro neKejibm MyKH. iHaHBiayajibHo cxapaKTepH30BaHo xi6a TijibKH Ipoaa, ajie a^HKi OCOÖH aOÔpe XapaKTepH30BaHÍ MOBOK) Ta 3MÍCT0M p03MOB HKO ,,th- nn": TaK „ceHaTopn" Ipoaa, „nacrapi", 3 Hapopno 3a6apBjieHoio mo-bok> Ta TeMaMH aisJíory. BiopyH apaiaaTHHHHx MOHOJioriB (Ipoaa b neKJii, PaxHJii) MacMo hchbí p03MOBH (nacTHpiß, Ipopa 3 „ceHa-TopaMH"). Gu;eHH nepepHßac cniß Ta HaBÍTb Tamii (ripn aBopi Ipopa). Ipopoßi b oaHOMy 3 Soro MOHOJioriB BianoBipaG „jiyHa". BHCTaBjíe-Ha Majia 6yra n'eca 3 pÍ3HHMH TeaTpajibHHMH etpeKTaMH (anB. § 9). 28Jf Iffiiii 5 BinoMHx HaM (noMacTH 3 ypHBKiB aöo jirane nporpaiw) pi3flBHHHx flpaM 30yaoBaHi b n,iaoMy 3a tígbd caMOK) cxeMOK), Jiraue 3 3HanHHMH BapianiaMH b po3noa.iai MaTepisJiy: ÍHon,i MaÖMie 3HH-Kae BJiacHe pÍ3a.BaHa nacrana a6o 3HHKaiOTb „nacrapi", Bapiioe 3MÍCT npojiory Ta enijiory i t. 3;. 4. iHaKuie 36yp,oBaHi bcjihkorhí apaMH. Jlnine b hbox 3 hhx (bí-romo TaKHx aPaM 3 12) rpaioTb noMÍTHÍuiy pojiio peajiLHi non.ii, CTpaíKflaHHH Ta BocKpeceHHH XpHCTa, b neíiKHX jiHiiie bkhochti, Ha cneHy 3Hapaaaa MyK XpncTOBHX. 3ae6iabina — ne MicTepii, fle no-paiOTbca OKpeMi cneHH 3 ycie'i cbatoI iCTopii, mp Maioib 3a TeMy rpixonaniHHH Ta BHKynjieHHfl jiiorhhh; nopyn h,hx cupn ctoatb po3-mobh chmbojiíhhhx nocTaTeö, cepea skhx 3ycTpinaeM0 xphcthhh-CbKÍ Ta ÍHORÍ aHTHHHi ejICMOHTH b 4jaHTaCTHHHHX cnojijmeHHHx : „HaTypa aioacbKa", „Mhjioctb npeaBÍHHaa", „rmB Boíkhh", „Mnao-cepAfl", HecHOTH Ta rpixH nopyn njboro EpiHHiI a6o HepoH.. . Xon nacTHHa 3MÍCTy Mae cyTO noBnaabmiH xapaicTep He öpanye acHBHx cneH, ne BHCTynaiOTb aidcb cynacm nocTaTi (bícím „ryaaK"), acn-bí i Maöace 6ióaÍHHÍ cnpHH (cpapaoH Ta Moôceo, anocToa IleTpo Ta míhrh), HapeniTÍ enemi, b akhx Ha cnem caM Jlioniniep (xapaKTe-pHCTHHHHH „repoö" ôapoKKOBo! ařrepaTypn). I b hhx MicTepiax xír ríí nepepHBaiOTb cniBH („KaHTH") Ta yaioöaeHi apaMaranm moho-aorn, „nnani" (BoroMaTepi, Ileipa, mp BiRpiKca Bin XpncTa, „Ilpn-ponH aioncBKOi" romp). OcTopoHb cToiTb npocTO 36yaoBaHe „CaoBO o 36ypeHHK> neicaa" 3 raannHHH. JJ[ia BinôyBacTbca b nenai, Ta npo nonii Ha 3eMai (po3n'aTTa Ta CMepTb XpncTOBa) po3noBÍp;aK)Tb JIionHnepoBi „bíchhkh", noKH He 3'ABJiaeTbca XpacToe Ta He pyÖHye nenaa. Ha-poRHa MOBa, BipiH, mo cKH^acTbca Ha Bipui hap03hhx nyM (rhb. Binne V, B, 1), Ta aoTenmcTb acHBHX po3MOB HaranyiOTb HapoflHi cnemi („nacTHpiB") y pÍ3n,BaHHX nPaMax- 5. OKpeMy rpyny yTBopioiOTb flpaMH npo cbathx. 36eperaHca flpaMH npo naTpiapxa Hocnna, npo cb. OaeKcia, npo cb. KaTepnHy, npo „ycniHHa Boroponnui" cb. JjMHTpa TynTaaa. Bohh TpoxH Bifl-míhhí: nepmi ipn — ríhchí npaMaTHHHi 3o6paaceHHH noflin, ocTaHHH HaôanacyeTbca ap Tímy MicTepifi. TJpaMa npo Hocnna Ayace schbo, aae ymncaiOHH „HeMopaabHHx" cneH, 3o6paacye icTopiio 3 aciHKOK) IleHTeíppia; npaina npo KaTepnny b aeaKHX MOMeHTax noBHa Hanpy-aceHHa, aae HanncaHa nyace cnoabOHÍ30BaHOK> mobok). .UpaMa npo OaeKcia HaaeacHTb po HaíiainniHX yKpamcbKHx ôapoKKOBHX apaM. BoHa nonac bck) n.ÍKaBy icTopiio OaeKcia, mo btík 3 AOMy nepen, BaacHHM oapyaceHHaM; noBepHyBniHca ao^oMy, acHB poKaMH aK ny-acHHeiíb y 6aTbKÍB Ta BiflKpHBca ím amne b roRHHy CMepra. /ípaMa MaG flinCHO apaMaTHMHHH P03BHT0K aií. MOBa pÍ3HOMaHÍTHa, Ta b 285 niHpoKHX HaponHHX cneHax (ceaami, cayacHHKH) 6jiH3bKa ho Ha-poflHoi. OpnriHajibHi (npo3aiam) „naaai" 6aTbKa, MaTepi Ta Hape-HeHoI OaeKcia; flia noaHHacTbcn KopoTKOK) po3MOBoio HHroaiB Ta 3aKiHayGTBca anoTeo30K> OaeKcin, mp „TiniHTbcn Ha HeöecH no-cpeflH aHreji". 6. MaGMO h KijiBKa flpaM xapaKTepy „MopaaŕreTiB". Hp thti ajieropHHHHX n'ec, ajie ajieropH3M He noBHHeH y hhx 3obcím 3a-KpHBaTH peajiBHHH 3míct: y hhx Moacyrb BHCTynaTH peajiBHi no-CTaTi, HK ,,thhh" mh penpe3eHTaHTH neBHHX thtiíb : „öaraTifi Ta JIa3ap", „ôjiyflHHH chh" 3BHaaiÍHÍ nocTaTÍ TaKHx n'ec. Ha YKpami IX BlflOMO KlJILKa. Í3MÍHa" — oôpoÔKa cioaceiy npo 6a-raTÍH Ta JIa3apn; „TpareflOKOMeflin" Bwrejra CKOBopoan BapjiaaMa JlaineBCbKoro npo Haropofly 3a flo6pi fliaa; fioMy ac Haaeataaa ÍHnia „TpareflOKOMeflin", npHCBHaena 6opoTb6i ijepKBH 3 hhhbojiom, ypHB-KH HK01 3axoBaB hslm. CKOBopofla; „BocKpeceHHH MepTBHx" Tp. Ko-HHCBKoro; no nboro ac rany HaaeacaTb „Cnip flyrui 3 tíjiom" (pÍ3HÍ oöpoÖKH; e TaKoac nÍ3HÍma HeKpameBHaa). „YacacHaa Í3MÍHa" no-HHHaGTBCH npoJioraMH 3 ajieropHHHHMH nocTaTHMH aíhobhx oci6. no hhx npnxoHHTB flia — n,e floaa „roipoaioöna", HKOMy Haraflye npo HeneBHicTB Soro 3eMHoro njacTH to „JiHMeHT" IoBa, mo 3'hbjih-gtbch HOMy yßi chí, to 6iflaK JIa3ap. I nnpoaioöenb i JIa3ap yMH-paK)Tb. Jlnnie enÍ30H0M g TyT cynepeaKa míjk tíjiom Ta flymeio nnpo-jik)6i;h. „Cyfl Bohchh" nocnaae fioro Ha MyKH, hkhmh ň KraaacTbCH HpaMa. EnijioroM g „naaa npaBocjiaBHoí nppKBH" Hafl flOJieK) impo- jik)6lífl. Iíeä Tnn flpaMH Moace HaoanacaTHca flo pÍ3HHx mníHX. „Yacac-Haa Í3MÍHa" g HenoraHim npHKaafl MopaaiTeTy 3 jkhboio flpaMaTHa-H010 fliGK). Ihuií flpaMH nboro THny HaÖanacaiOTbca ÍHofli flo MicTe-pin, iHOfli flo fliflaorÍB. 7. He ÖpaKyBajio b jacparncbKiô jiiTepaTypi h iriaKOM cbítcbkhx flpaM: n.e flpaMH icTopnam. Tpn 3 hhx 3 yicpaÍHCbKoí icTopií, oflHa 3 pHMCBKOÍ, OflHa 3 CepOCBKOÍ. nifl Ha3BOK) „<í>otíh" r. LHep6anbKHH 1749 p. oöpoÖHB TeMy öopoTBÖH npaBocaaBHHX 3 KaToaHKaMH (yK-pamni Ta noaaKH). M. Ko3aaHHCbKHH b „EaaroyTpoöii MapKa Ab-peain" cnoayaHB icTopnaHy flpaMy 3 naHeripHKOM n,apHin Ganca-BeTi. Bíh caMe 3a aacy nepeöyBaHHa b Cepöii 1733 p. HanncaB flpaMy npo „Yponia n'aToro", ocTaHHboro cepöcbKoro n,apn, — n,e RpaMa Tuny xpoHÍKH, ujo noflac BaacaHBi momchth cepöcbKoi icTopií 3 12—18 ct. (ßiflOMa amne b nÍ3HÍniÍH cepöcbKin nepepoönj). Haö-n,ÍKaBÍmi HaöcTapimi flpaMH 3 yKpamcbKOi icTopií: „BoaoflHMHp" TeodpaHa npoKonoBHaa Ta „MnaocTb Boacia" HeBÍnpMoro aBTopa. „BoaoflHMHp" — flpaMa npo BoaoflHMHpa BeaHKoro, 3 hkhm, hk noro — noaiTHaHoro, oaeBHflHo — HanjaflKa Ta cnaflKOGMn,a, 286 ripoKonoBHM nopiBHioG reTbMaHa Ma3eny. nonnHacTbca npaMa 3 3a-HenoKOGHHh HíepuÍB ^KepHBOjia, Kypo'ína Ta niapa, hkí njcTaan BicTKy 3 neKaa, mo BoaonnMnp 36npaGTbca xpncTHTH Kh'íb. 2KepH-Bia 3a flonoMoroK» 3anx nyxÍB xone oBoaoaÍTH BoaonHMHpoM, oTpy-í'biiih Soro nyxoM po3nycTH (aiTonncHnn mothb). BoaoHHMmp bh-cayxye rpenbKoro „(piaocoBa 6hb 6h TaKOBHÔ jhotíhiu;hh ! Mh bcí, hk npeacne 6hjih, 6e3 bchkoh ohmobh, TaK i HaSnane Tenep cayacHTH totobí, 6yneMo ceöe i MaTKy Haniy öopOHHra, ame HaM i yMepTH, 6yn,eM aaxiB 6hth! YKpama npoxae npnoMora y Bora. .ZJaai nonacTbca anoTeo3a XMejit-HmibKoro no noBopoTi 3 bíhhh: noro BÍTaioTb nira, K03aKn; bíh Bin-noBinaG npBroio npoMOBoio. Iľecy saKÍHnye nonaKa yKpaÍHH EoroBÍ Ta naHeripnnm 3ran,KH npo IleTpa II Ta reTbMaHa ZtaHHJia Anoc-TOJia, HapeniTi noxBaabHim xop XMejiLHnubKOMy. SÍK 6aHHMO, yKpaiHCbKa npaMa 3 pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍCTK> cboí'x tbtiíb 3flaTHa 6yjia 3anpBoabHHra pÍ3Hopin,hí iHTepecn Ta CMaKH. HaBÍTb — i noTpeöy b KOMenn. 8. KoMenia 3'aBaaeTbca Ha yicpalm nepme b paMKax 6apoKKO-BHx flpaM. Ilopyn niflHeceHHX mothbíb 3ycTpiaaGMo Bace b a,iaaorax OKpeMi mícu,h „aerKoro" aöo ryMopncTHHHoro xapaKTepy. TaK yneHb MipKyc: JXaů ace, XpncTe BOCKpecnnm, mo6 pocaa KponHBa! Otto to öyaeTb moh ronnHa macanBa! Okphíi ace, IlaHe mohchhö, i aicn ancTKaMH, moon mh b hhx ryaaan co6i 3 TeaaTKaMH, 60 Bace ca mhhí niKoaa 6ap3o Í36pnnHaa, a aK y TypMi tcmhíh MeHe nocannaa. A Koan 6 to KponHBa, to 6 ca a i cxoBaB i, xoa 6n m'a niyKaB bhk, b KponnBi 6 a He nöaB. . . OKpeMi cnemi b pÍ3HHX THnax apaM híôh cneuiaabHo npH3HaneHÍ naa BMimeHHH ryMopncranHoro eaeMeHTy. nopyn iflHaiHHHX „nacTHpiß" /ÍMHTpa TynTaaa, 3ycTpinaGM0 n ijiaKOM ryMopnc-thhhhx: rpixonafliHHa onncyiOTb „nacrapi" b onHOMy ypHBKy pi3-Hbhhoí 3paMH TaK: . . . He po3acoBaB Boacero caoBa apniHHpa, na btokmhb Becb po3yM b Moaoniini, i BKycHB TOGH, mp He Beaiß Bor, Kncann,i... ET-eTo hk HanoraHHTb morni KiniKa b cTpaBy, to aac nacoKOK) BMHCTbca, aK TOBnyTb nnKoio 06 aaBy___ 288 j JXa, ot HapoÖHB xajienH, mp sa on,Hy khcjihuk) 3anep BciM jiionHM np pan rpaHHino. ryMopacTHHHHX Hot HaöyBaiOTb iHOfli h iiijiKOM b cyTi cepäo3Hi chphh Ta nocTari, hk ot JTioi^Hnep y „CjiobI o 36ypeHHi neKJia": JI K> u, h (p e p (np cjiyr mobhtb i KoporoB coöi BejiHTb nara): ........IIhjibho CTepejKiTe I b pyKax cboix opyjKie Miimo nppnuTe! A hk ho Bac npHHnyTb, rpi3H0 on.noBin.aHTe I njieaHMa nßepi mIiiho ninnHpaäTe! I GCJiH 6h ch jiaMaB, aHrojiiB 3a6HBaHTe! Hexan oh TyT He inpTb! HiKOMy He (pojibryHTe. Bo mnoro TyT. no HeMy He 6yTB. KoJiH oh BoJKiö chh, Hexan co6i b He6i CHHHTB, A BOKDBäTH ch 3 HaMH i neKjioM Hexafi He i'npTb. KOJIH OH EoJKiÄ CHH, H He 3HaiO, 3 HKHX inpTB ClOfla npHIHH. He MaeTb oh np Hac HcanHo'i cnpaBH! t I He MOJKy po3yMiTH, inp to 3a ,,nap cjiaBH". Cyro ryMopHCTH^HHH ,,KOMen,iHHHH" xapaKTep MaiOTB „im-ep-Men.ii", HeBejiHKi cnpHKH, qo i*x rpajiH noMijK aKTaMH npaMH. 3y-CTpinaeMO yKpamcBKi iHTepMenii b nenKHx nojiBCBKHX n,paMax, hk ot y>Ke b npaMi fl. raBaTOBEraa 3 1619 p. („nposaB KOTa b MiniKy" xa „HaHJiinuiHH coh" — ni3Hinie BinpMi hk Haponm aHeKnpTH). Zto oKpeMHX npHHan. iHTepmonifi Hajiemana MHoroMOBHicTb: b hhx 3'hbjihiotbch yKpamni, öijiopycH, nojiHKz, iinraHH i t. n.. Moace HafiiiiKaBiini iHTepMenii 3 pi3n.BHHoi Ta BejrHKonHBoi' n.paMH M. JIob-rajieBCBKoro. Bohh nonacTH He jinuie aHeraioTH, a hk hp g b KOMe-nii', cnpHMOBaHi npoTH neBHHX 3'HBHin, mh ociö: npoTH acTpojioriB, npoTH nojiHKiß, hkhm aBTop 3aKHnae nojiiTHHHy 3apo3yMijiicTb Ta COE|;iHJIbHHH raiT, MOCKaJliB, ,,nHB0pi3iB", aBTOp BHCMilOG i CeJIHH. Cinyaiiii n,jiH KOMenii kjihchhhI: homhjikh, Henopo3yMiHHH, Kpan.i>K, o6flypeHHH, cßapKH Ta 6iÖKH Toinp. MoBa i'x 6jiH3BKa no Hapon,HOi, nonacTH HaBiTb ByjitrapHa. MacMO iHTepMenii i b n.paMi KoHHCBKoro. ycaMOCTiHHioeTbCH ejieMeHT iHTepMenjö y pi3HHx ryaiopHCTHH-hhx n.innorax (hk ot „njian" HeHniB-n'HHHiib), HKi onHa^e He npn-SHanajiHCH np TeaTpajiBhhx BHcraB, a jrauie 30 HHTaHHH. Ajie iHTep-Meflii 6e3yMOBHo BnjiHHyjiH na jihjibkobhh yKpai'HCBKHH TeaTp, TaK 3BaHHÖ „BepTen", mp hphchb 30 Haninx naciB. B ni3HiuiHH nepion, — y>Ke no3a MeacaMH 6apoKKa — Hacjiin.yBaB iHTepMenTi HeKpame-bhh (nHB. po3n,iji VI); cninn BnjiHBy iHTepMeniä a6o 3ajie>KHoro 289 Bin, hhx „BepTeny" bíomíthmo b ryMopncTHHHOMy yKpamcbKOMy ono-BiflaHHi 19 BÍKy Ta b „yKpaiHCbKiö hikojií" b pociöctKiö jiiTepaTypi {ToroJib Ta íh.). 9. TexHWHe bmíhhh aBTopiß öapoKKOBo'i n,paMH nyate HeoHHa-KOBe. He 3a6yn,bMo, uio BejiHKa kíjibkícti> n,paM BTpa*ieHa, neaici bjk6 3a HaniHX ^aciß; ie, nio np Hac nifinijio, e nonacTH BHnanKOBe. B KOÍKHOMy pa3Í nOMÍTHMO neBHKH P03BHTOK BÍfl ITpOCTOl fleK- jiHMarjií oci6, mp BHCTynaiOTb Ha chphí onHa n o p y h onmeí, np cnpaBHCHix fliHJioriB, po3MOB 3 penjiiKaMH Ta pyxoia nyMKH. Ha30BHÍ Hp BHHBJIHGTbCH BHCC b TOMy, Hip penjlÍKH pOÔJIHTbCH KOpOTIHHMH Ta HaBÍTb He 3anoBHK>iOTí> uijioro pnnKa. Oct npHKJianH: B e 3 y m i e: KaKO CH BaM MHHTb, mpy3i ? TpixH: JJjOCTOHHa 6CTb CMepTH! B o í h h: jZJocTOHHa aôie on. pyK Ramax yMepra! A6o: M Hp: Xto bh GCTe; onKyny npHTeKocTe címo? B o ji h: A3 — bojih. P 03JTM: A3 ace — po3yM, na Teôe y3pHMo. A6o: ^íoktht: Hlo to, o TyHennfli? 2K e 6 p a k I: HeceM rnnoMeHa MepTBa. JJíoktht: 3HaTb, 3 n'HHCTBa yiwpe? 3K e 6 p a k H: Bcero yH3BjieHHa 06pÍTOXOM. 290 JS, i o k t h t: HeciTe jk i b THoi 3arpe6ÍTe! I n.e me noaacTH po3MOBH ajieropinHHX nocTaTÍB (3 „Myupocra npen.-bímhoi"). 3obcím jkhbí po3MOBH „nacrapiß", cejiHH, Ipona 3 noro ceHaTopaMH, HcepijiB („BojionHMHp") i t. n.. Haítnimne BnaroTbCH niHJIOrH, KOJIH b hhx BHHBJIHGTbCH yjlK)6jieHa ÔapOKKOM „aHTH- TeTHKa", npoTHBeHCTBo nyMOK a6o oci6. He Majie bmíhhh 3ycTpiaaeM0 i b MOHOJiorax. CnpaBHCHiä npa- MaTHHHHH MOHOJIOr MaGMO TaM, ne fliUQBa OCOÔa rOBOpHTB 3 CO60K) aôo „nonpaBjíHG ceôe" — npôpi npHKJiann nboro — MOHOJiorn XMejibHHB;bKoro a6o BojionHMHpa, mp BaracTbCH míjk noraHCTBOM Ta XpHCTHHHCTBOM. MoBa MOHOJIOrÍB 6yBaG TeJK JKHBa, p03MOBHa (hhb. BHme npHKJiaflH HHCJieHHHX nepeHOciB y npoMOBax 3 „Mh-jiocth B0JK01"). JJyJKe yjiioöJieHHH ran MOHOJioriB — „jiHMeHTH," a6o „njiaai". Ocb ypnBKH 3 njiany an. neTpa: O jiioTe mhí o rope! ne nHecb oöpainycH? I KaMO nifiny i k KOMy rpinranö npnropHycH? 3a6jiyflHx on. nyra nHecb icraHHa bo bíkh, nOHeJKe OTBeprOXCH TBOpU,h i BJiaflHKH. O ropn! noKpnirre mh, na BHyTp Bac npeôyny; CTpax RHecb HeyKpoTHMiä oöiÖMeTb mh BCK>ny. O naflbTe Ha ma, mojihíí, KaMeHHHÍ ctíhh; JJIpeBeca mh öiraiOTb, a3 He iMaM cíhh; B03flyX MH OÖJIHHaGTb. l3JIÍHTeCH piKH! JX& niöny. HicMb hoctoíh jkhth 3 hojiobíkh OTBeproxcH — ero ace TBepnb, B03n,yx h Mope TpenemyTb, kihi^h 3eMjii, o rope mhí, rope! .. Hopya RpaMaTHHHHX MOHOJioriB —- MaeMo MOHOJiora-npoMOBH, HK OT npoMOBa XMejibHHnbKoro („MmioCTb Bojkíh"), b nmoMy 36y-noBaHa Ha nporacTaBJíeHHi 3ajiÍ30 — 30J10T0: 2KejiÍ3o np6pe BajKTe, i Han, 3jiaT0. 3jiaTo 60 noTeMHÍGTb 6e3 Hero, hk 6jiaTo. Hto 3JiaT0 i HTO cpiöpo JIHXaM nOJIb30BajIO, kojihkíg jk öoraTCTBa JKejiÍ3o noôpajio? 3 cpiÖHHX noJiyMHC otijí Hanii He ínajra: i 3 30JI0THX nyrapiB ohh He nnsajín, 0 Hcejii3i CTapajiHCb, jKejiÍ3o jik)6hjih, 1 BejíHKy tím co6i cjiaBy noponHJin. ohhx nyreM iflrre, ohhx nonpaHcaäTe, 291 cjiaBH iina, ÖoraiCTBa bh 3a hhhto MafiTe. He too cjiaBeH, KOToproi MHoro Jiiwrb cTana, ho iace MHornx BpariB cboix mjieTb np apa: ceMy epHHo tokmo Híejii30 npBJiicTb, a 3JiaT0 íjih cpiöpo HHHTonce yMiGTb. Ha nocjiinoK rjiarojiio: caMH He KynyŽTe: jiyKa, CTpijiKH, MyuiKeTa i niaöjii nHJibHyiÍTe! KynjIHMH 60 060b*H3aH JKHTeÖCbKHMH BOlH, iinem cero BecbMa TaKOB He hoctoih. I pÍTeO CBOIX, CKOpO OTnpaBJIHTB HayKH, np cefi nee ooynaiiTe K03anbKoi uiTyKH. TaKO TBopa, BpaHiii noTpeTe HaBiTH: papocTb ciio Ha MHori ynppjKHTe jiíth .. .* Hh TOO CTHJIb „pOSBHHeHOi CeHTeHIlľi", ILO HaHÖijIbHI MOJKe Binp- mhh 3 HIeKcnipoBHx ppaM. yjiioöJieHHH thti MOHOJiory e MOHOJior „3 JiyHOK)", mo, riOBTOpiOIOHH OCTaHHi CJTOBa pÍHOBOi OCOÖH, hí6h IS BipnoBipae. He Mane bmíhhh noKa3yiOTb neani aBTopn i b TexHiiii onoBi-flaHHH npo Te, mo poÖHTbca no3a enpHoio: npo up po3noBinaiOTb „bíchhkh". Hanp., y „Cjiobí o 3óypeHHio neKJia" npHÔiraiOTb po neKJia „bíchhkh" — nopra Ta npHOCHTb HronmiepoBi, mp poÖHTbca Ha 3eMjii: XpncTa 3acyn,jKeHO, bíh noinep, BocKpec . .. BipnoBinHO Ho Hboro MÍHHeTbCH HäCTpÍH JLoininepa. PipKa ÍH3HBÍHyajibHa xapaKTepncTHKa oció (Ipon,, oKpeMi nac-THpi y TynTaJia, acepm y npoKonoBHHa). HacTmie xapaKTepHCTHKa „THnOBa" - JIHHie THnOM JIHIjapH 3aJlHHIHBCH HaBÍTb XMeJIbHtmbKHH. nopyn 3BHHaťÍHHx ejieMeHTÍB ppaMH MaeMo b híh hhcjichhí CnÍBH, „KaHTH", (pOpMOK) 6jIH3bKÍ flO rÍMHmHHX HyXOBHHX BÍpHlÍB j JIHHie ix CTpO(pÍHHÍ CXeMH ÍHOfli KynH CKJianHÍHIÍ. TaKOK) CaMOK) npHKpacoK) g i npojiorn Ta enijiorn; kojih bohh MaiOTb xapaKTep XBajiH, bohh HarapyíOTb „repöoBHi Bipnii" (ĎyBaiOTb y ppaini i piä-chí „repôoBHi Bipnii"). 3ycTpinaGMo i „eMÖJieMaTHHHi Bipini" (Ha-b*H3aHÍ, Hanp., po 3Hapan,na MyK XpncTOBHx), a6o enirpaMH (nijii „BÍHH.Í", m° ^HTaiOTbCH, KOJIH Ha Cnpm 3'HBJIHIOTbCH 3Hapan,na MaJIIOHKH MyK, p03n'htth Ta CMepTH XpHCTOBHX). Mh öaHHJiH BJKe, HKa pÍ3H0MaHÍTHa MOBa flpaMH, — ne 3ajie-HCHTb nonacTH bía CMaKy aBTopiB Ta „hikojih", nonacra bí^ xapaK-Tepy oKpeMHx cikíh. *) MOBa TyT OCTiJIbKH 6jIH3bKa AO HapoflHOi, qo H, KpÍM 3BHHaOH0Í MOflep- ^ HisaHi'i npaBonHcy (ahb. npuM.. Ha no^aTKy po3AÍJiy IV), 3aMiHHK> b bíaiiobíahhx mícijhx „o" Ta „e" Ha „i". 292 TaK caMO pÍ3HOMaHÍTHa ôyaa S cneHi*ma nocxaBa apaM. H,e na-TaHHH BJKe BJiacHe BHxoanxb no3a Me>Ki aixepaxypn. Aae HeMoac-jiHBO ornHHXH öapoKKOBi HpaMH, He B3HBHJH ao yBarn bcígí CKJiaa-Hoi ii BHCxaBH. CneHa CKaaaacxbca 3 Tptox noBepxiB: neKJia, 3eMJii Ta He6a. Xon ^íh h rrpoxoanaa 3aeôiabinoro na 3eMjii, ajie 6yjiH cneHH, hio nepeBoanan fliio ao neKJia (xaM My^HBca Ipoa a6o „rarpo-aioôenb"), aôo ao He6a (xaM xíuihbcji „yôorHô JIa3ap", xaM 3'übjih-jiHCfl hhiwih). Hen noaiji aaBaB mohíjihbícxb Ipoaoßi „ynaaaxH b nponacib" aôo HHroaaM mh íhuihm aiöoBHM ocoôaM ,,bo3hochthch Ha Heôo". CnemHHi ecpeKxn ôyan MHcaeHHi: „neôo mojihíí, rpoM, rpaa.. . aae", aôo „rpoMH 6'iOTb" HHxaeMo b peMapKax. KpiM cni-bíb, MaGMo HaBixb Tamii — npH aBopi Ipojta, aôo xaKi ecpeKXH, slk IlHKJionH, m,o Í3 cniBOM Kywxb Ha coiem (MaôyTb „nia 3eMaeio", b HHJKHbOMy noBepci), aôo ,,3Jio6a", qo „npHXonHTb Ha jikjxím 3míí". Hacxi 6y an nponecii, — Hanp., aHroaiß, mp HecaH 3Hapaaaa MyK XpncioBHx a6o repÔH. ByBajra & hímí cneHH: hk ot ,,3phmog" jinnie ,,yÔHGHHG oxpoHaT" y BHtpjieGMi TOinp. Mh Bace 3raayBajiH, aice 3HaneHHH Majia apaMa rjih cynacHH-kíb. He xpeôa 3aôyBaTH ň xoro, iiio ni3HÍuia xpaainiia yicparncbKoro xeaxpy, MaôyTb, ayxoBHO 3B'a3aHa 3 po3nBÍTOM ôapoKKOBoi apaMH. no3a MeacaMH yKpaÍHH BnaHB yKpamcbKoí aPaMH ÔyB BeaHHH3HHH b Mockbí Ta no bcííí Poctí aac ao aaJieicoro CnÔipy. PociňebKa aixe-paxypa 18 Biny BeaHKoio MipoK) 3aaeaop-Ma ôapoKKOBoi nponoßiai HaôanacaGTbca ao cpopMH íhuihx aiTepa-TypHHx ťaTyHKÍB. I nponoBiaHHK Maß Ha MeTi Bpa3HTH cayxana, BaapHTH no noro po3yMy aôo noMyTTio, — ne noTpiÔHe ôyao i aJia Toro, mpô po3BopyniHTH yBary, i rjih. xoro, moô nio yBary yTpn-MaTH: cayxan y ni HecnoKiÔHi nacn 6yB 3aHHTHH íhhihmh, Henep- kobhhmh ÍHTepecaMH, MEB yace aOCHTb HIHpOKy CCpepy CBÍTCbKOrO 293 hchtth, mo He nepeôyBaJia nip KOHTpojieio nepKBH. H,hm 3'acoBy-exbca J11060B npoBÍHHHKÍB öapoKKa po opHťmajibHoro, BpaacaiOHoro, po edpeKTÍB Ta „ceHcanní". IIÍ3He öapoKKO BHpoÖHJio HaBÍTb neBHHH. Tun AOTeriHoi, rocTpocjiÍBHOÍ, napaAOKcajibHo'i nponoBÍAÍ (3a iTajiiö- CbKOK) 11 Ha3BOK) „KOHHeTO-nponOBÍAb"), Mannte Bei ni dpopMH nponoBÍAÍ npHiiuijiH i Ha yKpamy, ajie icTopHKH jiiiepaTypH He pa3 3aKHAajiH nponoBÍAHHKaM xe, mp bohh nponoBÍAyBaJiH uíjikom y Ayci CBoro nacy! yKpaiHCbKi nponoBÍA-hhkh, hk i 3axÍAHÍ, He bcí OAHoro THny. He 3'HCOByeTbea He JiHUie ÍX OCOÖHCTHMH CHMnaTÍHMH, ajie H THM OTOHeHHHM, B HKOMy BOHH BHXoByBajiHCH Ta npainoBaJin: BajKKo BHMaraTH bía nponoBÍAHHKa Ao6h po3KBÍTy SapoKKa, mp6 bíh TpHMaBca jiÍTepaTypHHx HopM CTa- pHX HaCÍB - a 30BCÍM HeMOJKJIHBO, IUOO bíh 3aAOBOJIbHHB CMaK 19 HH 20 BÍKy! BaHíKO BHMaraTH bía nponoBÍAHHKa, mo npoMOBjíHB rjih. HeHBjÍB, inp6 bíh HanaAaB Ha ceJiHHCbKe a6o naHCbKe huhutbo; nip BaHCHe BHMaraTH bía nponoBÍAHHKa, ino nponoBÍAyBaB npn reTbMaH-CbKOMy a6o napcbKOMy ABopi, mp6 bíh roBopHB npo xhôh b jkhttí HiHpoKHX Mac. Hanripme aíctabaji0cji AoxenHOMy OedpaHOBi HBop-CbKOMy, mp nponoBÍAyBaB y cthjií „kohhcto"; hk JierKo 6aHHTH, 3aKHAH HOMy e 3 norjiHAy noro nacy 30bcím HecnpaBeAJiHBÍ. YKpaiHCbKa jiÍTepaTypa Mae BejiHKy APyKOBaHy jiÍTepaTypy npo-noBÍAeH. Ha atajib, 6araTO 3 hhx ApyKOBaHo b Mockbí, Ta MOBa íx CHJIbHO n03MÍHIOBaHa pOCÍHCbKHMH KOpeKTOpaMH. Ajie bíaomo i A°~ CHTb nHcaHHX nponoBÍAen thx caMHx nponoBÍahhkíb, BHApyKyBaHHX hájikom nonpaBHo. Me He MoaceMO po3rjiaAaTH bcíg'í pÍ3HOMaHÍTHOCTH THnÍB nponoBÍAÍ Ta bcíx ix cthjiícthhhhx npHKMeT. 2. JXo nonaTKÍB ÖapoKKOBoi nponoBÍAÍ HajieacaTb nponoBÍAÍ Kh-pnjia TpaHKBÍJiioHa OraBpoBenbKoro „yHHTejibHoe eBaHťeJiie" (1619, nepeApyKOBano 1696). CaMa Ha3Ba noKa3ye, mp nponoBÍAÍ n,i HaB'a3yiOTbca bcjihkoio MÍpoio a° CB. nHCbMa. Ajie 6e3nocepeAHÍô 3b'h3ok 3 nncbMOM no-cjiaöJieHO THM, inp nponoBÍAÍ npHCBanem cBHTaM Ta ,,yroAHHKaM". Mosa AOCHTb BHCOKa, cjioß'aHCbKa. npo HajieaíHÍCTb aBTopa ao ho- BHX HaCÍB CBÍAHaTb, KpÍM 3raAKH npH „apÍHH" Ta „KaJIbBÍHÍB", A6HKÍ iíHTaTH 3 „^yacHx" aBTopÍB (jiaTHHCbKHx) Ta nie AeaKÍ peTopHHHÍ npHKpaCH, HK BHKJIHKH Ta 3BepTaHHH AO CBaTHX HK ao npHcyTHÍx oci6 3 3anHTaHHHMH Ta HaBÍTb 3aKHAaMH: „O, neTpe! mo TBopnui? TAÍace hhhí tbob ohog Aep30BeHÍe?" Ihhií nponoBÍAÍ OraBpoBenb-Koro, npH3HaneHÍ rjiji HHTaHHa, 3HaxoAHMo b Soro ,,nepjii MHoro-i^ÍHHOMy" (1646, 1690). — nponoBÍAb Ha cMepTb o. JI. KapnoBH^ia, mo BHrojiocHB MejieTÍž Cmotphhbkhh 1620 p., noKa3ye, mp Bace toaí 6yjiH íhuií HanpaMH b nponoBÍAÍ: CMOTpnnbKHH Bpaacae cjiy-xanÍB TBepAJKeHHHM, mp e ijíjihx n'aTb pÍ3HHx dpopM hchtth Ta 2H CMepTH (1. JKHBOT npupOHCeHHH Ta CMepTb npHpOJKeHHÍI, 2. JKHBOT jiacKH Ta cMepTb rpixa, 3. hchbot 3mhcjiíb Ta cMepTB uhot, 4. hchbot aCHTeHCBKHH Ta CMepTB Í3CTynJieHHH - eKCTa3H, b HK1Ö npaBeflHHKH, cnoJiynyiOHHCb 3 BoroM, „caMÍM co6i He ÖyBaiOTB npHTOMHHMH" Ta 5. jkhbot cJiaBH i cRiepTB ťeeHHH — b n,pyroMy jkhttí), Ta npHKJia-nac nen noaia no jkhtth noKiŕraoro o. JleoHTia. B nponoBÍn,i, iik> b oKpeMHx nacTHHax g naHeripHKoM, a b icmni mojihtboio, 3HaHneMO HHCJieHHi cnÍB3ByHHH (aaÍTepan,ii: „noôoacHe noacHanô"), phmh („HaflapH . . • i OCMOTpn", ,,3M0raGHI . . . 3aaCHBaGin") nOMÍTHO pHT- MÍ30BaHy MOBy. n,i pncn Bace aaioTB BinnyTn cthjib nÍ3HÍnio'i 6a-poKKOBoi nponoBifli. 3. OcHOBonojioHCHHKOM 6apoKKOBoI Teopii nponoBiai Ha Yicpa-ihí 6yB I. TajiaTOBCBKHH (xoH yace b nponoBifli rieTpa Mornan 1632 poKy 3ycTpinaGMO po3BHHeHHH nÍ3HÍH cTHJib), mo BHflaB „Kjiioh po-3yMÍHÍH" (1659, 1663 Ta 1665) Ta TeoperanHy „Hayny, ajitôo cno- cí6 3JIOJfíeHHH Ka3aHÍH" (1659, 1660 i T. p. 3 HHMaaHMH flonoBHeH- hhmh). Bíh nonac nopann po BHÔopy TeMH (mo6 „noBaÔmn aionen po cjryxaHHjť'!) i, xon HaB'fl3yG cboio Hayity po Tpan.Hn.ii cb. othíb nepKBH Ta BHMarae opTonpKcaaBHocTH 3MÍcTy, ajie BHMarae, 3rijiHo 3 myxoM Hacy, ,,npono3Hn,ÍH... Myapnx Ta ahbhhx, nacOM Becejrax, naCOM CMyTHHX, KOTpi JHOJJjeH 6ap30 OXOnHMH po CJiyxaHHH MHHHTB". KpiM MaTepiHJiy 3 otuíb nepKBH, bíh BHMarae BJKHBaTH „ricTopiö i xpoHHK", KHHr ,,o 3BÍpax, nTaxax, ranax, pn6ax, nepesax, 3Íjijihx, KaMÍHHHX i p03Ma'ÍTHX BOaax" Ta ,,Ka3aHb p03MaiTHX Ka3HOflÍlB Te- nepiuiHBoro Biicy". .ZJochtb npocTa 3a FaaaTOBCBKHM cxeMa no6y- HOBH npOnOBiflí HanOBHIOGTBCH B HOrO BJiaCHHX nponOBÍflHX pÍ3HO- MaHÍTHHM MaTepijuioM, rnp BJKHBaGTBca a6o hk npHKJianH (ícto-Phhhí Ta íhhií onoBinaHHíi), a6o naa pÍ3HopinHoľ MeTacpopHKH, naa PÍ3HHX nopÍBHflHB. Mh Bate 3HaGM0 XapaKTep TaKHX nopÍBHHHB Í3 eMÖJieMaTHHHHx BipuiiB. rajiíiTOBCBKHH nopÍBHKDG, Hanp., CTapuH Ta Hobhh 3anoBÍTH 3 oöoMa 6iryHaMH ne6a. Maáace bcí thhh HayKOBHx TBopiB, npo hkí bíh roBopHTB, bíh fliôcHO BjKHBac i b CBoíx npono-BiflHX. ,HeHKÍ nponoBinj bíh oynyc 3a jiorinHHMH cxeMaMH. Bíh h,h- TyG HHCJieHHHX aHTHKHHX Ta HOBÍTHÍX 3aXÍflHÍX aBTOpÍB. PÍ3H0Ma- híthí h BÍflryKH Ha nonii cyaacHocTH: áoro 30KpeMa HenojtoiTB „bíh-Ha noMOBaa" — bíh míjk íhuihm po3noBÍnac 6aÖKy: „GaHoro opaa nocTpiaeHo CTpiaoio, a ran no3pÍB opea Ha Ty cTpiay, no6annB Ha híh nepa opai'f, i noaaB mobhth: He acaaB mhí, ace MeHe 6'gtb tog nepeBo i aceai3o, aae acaaB mhí, ace moí ac nepa opaii opaa 6'k)tb MeHe" (u;e nirraTa 3 ApncTocpaHa). 4. ,HaaeKo cKaa^HiniHÔ CTHaB cynacHHKa ľaaaTOBCBKoro Ah-TOHia PaflHBHaoBCBKoro (noro 36ipKH Ka3aHB ,,OropoflOK Mapii Bo-ropoflHiii" (1676), ra „BmenB XpHCTos" (1688), Ta pyKonncHi npo- 295 noBifli), b HKoro npoTe onHonacHO 3ycTpinaeMo noMÍTHe HaôaH-SKeHHfl ap cynacHocTH Ta np HapoflHoi JíiTepaTypH. IiponoBÍni noro nonacTH 3a6apBjieHÍ Mopajiícthhho . PanHBHnoBCbKHH yacHBac hhc-JI6HHHX „npHKJian,ÍB" Í3 „Phmcbkhx icTopiö" Ta „3epn,aaa", 3 „Bap-jiaaMa Ta loacarpa", 3 nonbCbKHx nacepea Ta, 3aaeTbCH, HaBÍTi> 3 ,„HeKaMepoHa" (X, 1). TímoBa naa PanHBHaoBCbKoro ryMopucTHH-Ha ,,MOflepHÍ3aiíiíi" CTapoBHHH: „MoHceS, reTbMaH aiony l3paíjib- CbKOrO, XOTHHH BÍHCbKO CBOG . . . IIOJIKaMH pyiUHTH, yiHHKOBaBILIH OHoe, a BflapHBniH b 6yôHH, TpyÖH, Hanepen. Ka3aB ninHecTH 3HanoK nojiKa", IoaH BorocjioB „ceicperap He6a", IoaH XpecTHTeab — „Map-majioK Tocnofla" i t. n.. Bíh nacTo roBopnib npo „rep6n Ta KJieS-Honn" cbhthx: „cbhthh apxHCTpaTHr MHxaiJi, iac b ohíh BajieHHiä nepiniíí b neôi 3 JIionHťpepoM noTpeöi HaöyB Menein 3BHTH3CTBa, npeTo... naH (öoMy) 3a repö Men". 3ycTpmaGMo b Hboro HHcaeHHÍ npnnoBÍÄKH, noHacTH nepeKaanem 3 jiaTHHH, nonacTH Haponm: „hkog ofliaHHH, TaKOG i nouiaHOBaHHíť', „icKpa jiHxaa... i nojie bh-HCHraGTb i caMa iiotím mmerb", „TOHy^HH xsaTacTbcn ö Mena", ,,ncy « ÖHTOMy TiabKH noKasKH khS, aac 3apa3 yTÍKaeTb", „cMÍabinaa... 6a6a 3a ctíhok), HeHcean pHijapb b nojii", ,,y CHpoTH Torn,i npa3HHK, KOJiH KOinyaa 6iaaa", „hkhh naH, TaKHÔ i KpaM", „roaim po3óoio He 6oiti>ch" i t. 3. (HHCJieHHi npnnoBiflKH TaKoat y ßipniax icp. KjiHMeHTia). PaflHBHaoBCbKHH aioÖHTb flpaMaiHMHi cneHH, ninaora: ^ißa Mapiii po3MOBaae 3 HHrojioM; PanHBHaoBCbKHH nirrae caM ceöe Ta BinnoBinae; bíh cTaBHTb nHTaHHH Ta poÖHTb 3aKHflH cbhthm: „Ax, AnoCTOJioBe! Tanan jk to Bania npoTHBKO XpHCTy CnacHTejießi, yHHTejießi BanioMy, MHaocTb! Taicaa BipHicTb, ace b Hem,acTio i 3aiM pa3i Bei ero ocTaByGTe! O IleTpe! ne OHaa tboh oôíthhhh : rocnonn, 3 T060K) roTOB i b TeMHHino i Ha CMepTb íth, KoaH k>hc ca noHHHaem 3airapaTH rocnona cbogto ? neac, 3>omo, OHaa tboh onBara ...?... He Bei mobhjih: rocnonn, ce mh ocTaBHXOM bch i Bcain. Teöe inpxoM? neMy at Tenep He inpTe 3a ynrreaeM cboim? nemy Gro caMoro ocTa-ByGTe b pynax HenpHHTeabCbKHX?". — PanHBHaoBCbKHfi aioönrb KapTHHHÍCTb: bíh onncye ypo^HCTe npHBÍTaHHH Tpoini aHroaaMH aôo 3ycTpÍH XpHCTa y He6i i t. n.. Bíh aioÖHTb cHMBoaÍKy Ta eMÖae-MaTHKy, aae nopyn iiboro nyace nacTO BinryKyGTbca Ha cynacmcTb: Han,ioHaabHÍ Ta con,ÍHabHÍ hoth b öoro MopaaicTHHHiö nponoBin,i PHCHÍ. BÍH 3BepTa6TLCH HO K033KÍB: ,,IIpHnOMHÍTe ce6i CBOÍX cTapo- flaBHÍx npeflKÍB, reTbMaHÍB, noaKOBHHKÍB, cothhkíb, ocayaÍB i íh-hihx Moaofln;íb npopHX, 3anopoacn.ÍB, hk 3 thm noraHHHOM oTBaacHe MopeM i noaeM BaabHHan.... hko íx MHoro Ha naany Kaaan, hko MHoro b HeBoaio ôpaan!", bíh BÍaryKycTbCH Ha nonií pymn; „Hlo TO HHHHTb ÔOraTHl í CZJIbHHÍ, ťflH TO JIHXBaMH, TO nOÔOpaMH THHÍ- KHMH, to no3BaMH yôorHiHx i nonaÍHUiHX Haň ceôe aioaeň CTHCKa- 296 k>tb? ÍIko ph6h BejiHKÍG MeHLiiiHx pnöoK noacnpaiOTb". „BimeceTb Bor Koro Ha CTapuiHHCTBO, oöflapHTb MyApicTbio, uiaaxeTHicTbio, 6a-raTCTBH, to yace ca nonjioMy HoaoBhcy He mhhhtl öpaTOM, ajie roc-no^HHOM". „Gcjih aceHmiraa gctb Öararaa, — oHa neaaAKy ôyAHTb Ho poÖoTH. .. Gcjih 3acb yöoraa, MycHTb öinHaa BCTaTH, a, ocTaBHB-HiH b ho My nHTH cbog, niÖTH,... fle 6h (Morjia) ocManoK hkhh 3a- pOÖHTH aJItÖO BHnpoCHTH y KOrO Ha nOJKHBlHHH CBOG". 5. Han, jiochtb npocTHM CTHjieM PanHBHjioBCbKoro niflHocHTbca nHuiHHH cTHjib nÍ3Hboro 6apoKKa: nponoBÍAÍ JIa3apH BapaHOBH^a („Men n,yxoBHHH" (1666, 1686) Ta „Tpy6n cjiOBec nponoBÍAHHx" (1674, 1679)), CB. ^MHTpa TynTajia Ta OrecpaHa ÜBopcbKoro (Apy-KOBaHi nÍ3HÍnie). ÍÍMHTpo TynTajio, inpnpaBAa annie nonaB cbokd nponoBÍAHHH,b-Ky aifljibHicTb b nHHiHOMy CHMBOjiiMHOMy CTHJii. B nponoBÍAÍ Ha no-xopoH Ih. I"i3eaa (1685) bíh nopißmoG ľÍ3ejiH flo CTOBna Cojiomo-HOBa xpaMy, a Cojiomohíb xpaM ao nenepcbKoro MaHacTHpa. no-piBHHHHH bíh npoBo^HTb y bcíx a^Taaax. ni3HÍHie Soro nponoBÍAÍ He TaKi ÖaraTi Ha CHMBOJiiKy, aae nacTO noBHi ApaMaTH3My: npo-noBinHHK Mas 6yTH MafijKe aKTopoM, Hip6 Aoöpe npowraTH Aosri po3MOBH, Hanp., AßpaaMa 3 BoroM; nponoBiAHHK po3MOBjme 3 an. neTpoM Ta naBJíoM, 3 IoaHOM BorocJiOBOM, 3 /{aBHAOM, Ta BHnpaB-aac noro ncajiTHp, Í3 cayxanaMH; noro nponoBÍAÍ 36ynpBaHÍ 3 aob-thx nepiofliB, 3 MHCJieHHHMH napajiejiHMH Ta aHTHTe3aMH. EynoBa (KOMno3Hiiia) cKaaAna: e p;oBri pHnH 3anHTaHb, Ha hkí BÍAnoBiAa-lOTb oKpeMi nacTHHH nponoBÍAÍ; íhoaí urryHHa CHMBOJiiKa (Hanp., npo pÍ3HÍ chmbojiíhhí 3HaMeHHH BOflH, HKy CB. jZjMHTpo nponOHyG cjiyxanaM „bmícto boakh ^jih aneTHTy"; a6o npo chmbojiíhhc 3Ha-qeHHH pi3HHX aepeB, mp 3 hhx 3a anoKpHtpŕmoio TpaAHiiiGio 3po6-jieHHH 6yB xpecT XpncTa -— KHnapncoBe, KeApoBe, „cpimKose"; npo pÍ3HÍ Biinii xjiiôa). Ihohí ninpoKi KapTHHH, Hanp., TpaflnniHHa b 6a-Pokkobíh jiiTepaTypi KapTHHa jkhtth hk Mopa, aKy 3ycTpmeM0 i b CKOBOpOHH. A60 CHMBOJIIMHe BHTOBMEHeHHH ÍMeHÍ AflaM, HK „MÍKpO- KOCMoca" — „Maaoro BcecBŕry", H,e 3pa3y Aac aBTopoßi nponoBÍAÍ naaH ií öysoBH. Cb. JjMHTpO JIIOÔHTb Bpa3HTH CayxaHÍB hhmcb He3BHHaHHHM', MOflepHHMH 06pa3aMH b BHKaafli 6Í6aÍHHOro TeKCTy, aHTHHHHMH aHeKflOTaMH; cepeA fliaaoriB 3ycTpÍHaGMO b oahíh nponoBi^i po3-MOBy nponoBiflHHKa 3 MepTBHMH. Hk i b cBoi'x Bipmax (AHB. Y, B), bíh 3aaio6KH BacHBaG caÍB, mp aaiiepyíOTb a6o 3BynaTB noniÖHo oa-He AO OAHoro; Hanp., „npHnamaöca nacTi nami TocnoAHi", „nacame CBiraia i CBHHCbKOK) nHineio nHTainaea", „BÍTpy i BoaHaM BocTaB-ihhm", „o 3JiaTOcaoBe, 3JiaToraaroaHBe, 3jiaroycre HoaHHe, 3JiaTH- mh TBOÍMH yCTaMH . . , HepíflKO MOBa CHHTaKCHHHO pHTMÍ30BaHa. 297 Ajie cb. ^MHTpo b CBoíx nponoBinax BMie noflaTH ň npôpe 3(pop-MyjibOBam 6orocaoBCbKi a6o MopajibHi ayMKH. me načrime 3ycTpi-naeMO rapHi Ta 3BopyniJiHBÍ KapTHHH, ocBÍTjieHi m'hkhm ryMopoM: Tana KapTHHa Hapon,aceHHH XpncTOBoro, y BepTeni „Bce aione cbh-tíí", „KpyroM CHJiH neöecHHi KOHuepTH BocnißaiOTb, a xopoM ynpaB-jiHGTb CB. apxaHreji raBpHiji, 6ia Taicry HeyBaaaroinpio i b 3hmí jiHjieeio". Ajie cbsthh Mir i Bnapirra cboimh nponoßinaMH no cep-nax: bíh nepen. owa napa IleTpa 3MajnoBaB KapTHHy öemceTy „napa Ipona" 3 ynacTio noraHCbKHx öoriß, BeHepn, Baxyca Ta Map-ca, HaTHKaiOHH Ha 3bhhkh Ta 3äHHTTH napa. 3BopyiHjiHBa i Haö-jiimna noro nponoBiab, nio Haraaye bíhpmhh coh CkoBoponn: „nap-CTBO HeÖecHe" npHHinjio Ha 3eMJiio, ajie TaM boho He 3Haxoa,HTb coöi míciih: b napcbKiH „cokpobhiiihhiií-. . . y3pijio .. . MHoraa ôaraTCTBa HenpaBeflHaa, coöpamraa on rpaöaema, on o6in, i cab03 aioncbKHx"; niuiao boho ap KyniriB, Ta nooannao oÖMaH, 6pexHK); niniao b „npn-Ka3H", TaM ,,cyn,ia MHpnaa caoBeca raaroaeTb, a aynia ero noMHin-aaeTb 3ao"; niniao Ha Beceann ôeHiceT, aae bíh 3aiíimiy6Tbca cBap-KOK); niniao b iippKBy, no6a*raao TaM HeyBary, nenoöoacmcTb, He jiHHie b Hapofly, aae ô y CBHineHHidB; niniao Tonj n,apcTBo HeöecHe Ha ceao, noßa^Hao 6inaKÍB, roaoHHHx, 3aeynaieHHx cyaoM, naaiy-hhx, ,,B03nHxaKan,Hx", — ,,to BHjia, HeöecHOG napcTBo B03aio6Hao na eeai mchth: .. . ceö noKiä míh, 33i Bceaioca". Tannx nepaHH yKpaiHCbKoro nponoBiaHHiibKoro bmíhhh y cb. JJ^MHTpa g KiabKa. Aae ä ryr öamiMo tiotobhh öapOKKOBim CTHab: BHKiHHemcTb (pop-MH, noBTopeHHa, napaaeai, aHTHTe3H, „peTopnicy" i öaacaHHH Bpa-3HTH cayxana opHrmaaBHHM (popMyaiOBaHHHM ayMKH. Hp Bce CTHab ^KOHHeTo". Ha nponoßinax J-jMHTpa öa^HMO Hanaimne, inp ne 6a- pOKKOBe BÖpaHHH He nOBHHHe 3aKpHBaTH raHÖHHH 3MÍCTy Ta 3BO- pyniaHBOCTH o6pa3ÍB i ayMOK. 6. HaHBH3HaaHÍiHHH npeflCTaBHHK nnniHoi öapoKKOBoi nponoßi-,n,i — CTecpaH ilBopcbKHH. HßopcbKOMy HaaeacHTb onHa 3 HHcaeHHHX yKpaiHCbKHX ÖapoKKOBHX ,,niiTHK", „PeTopmraa pyKa", ae 3HaHapMo .aecHTKH (59) thx „TponiB Ta (piryp", inp ix yacHBaß 3aaio6KH i eaM aBTop (ap pem, ni npHKpacH caMi 3obcím He noxonaTb 3 naciß 6a-poKKa, a HaaeacaTb nie aHTHnrnn noeTHni). JJJíhcho, nponoBÍn,i Hßop-■cbKoro „nepeoÖTaacem" npHKpacaMH. HponoBini fioro 36ynoBam qacTO Ha po3BHHeHHx MeTaipopax. TaK nponoßinb npo cb. MnKoaaa 36yAOBaHa Ha nopiBHHHHi noro 3 oaTapeM irepKOBHHM. Hbopcbkhh p03raanae oaTapi, nio 3raflyioTbca b nncbMi; MaTepiaa, 3 aKoro 3po6aeHÍ n;i oaTapi, Mae CHMBoai^He 3HaneHHH: 3oaoTo cHMBoai3ye .aioöoB, Miflb — „rpoMorjiacHicTb", „HerHiione flepeBo" — HHCTOTy, KaMÍHb — MyacHicTb Ta TepniHHfl, 3eMaa — „CMHpeHHe". Yci chm-BoaH npHKaa^aioTbca no hchtta cb. MHKoaaa. B íhuihx BmiaflKax 298 nopiBHHHHfl npcHTB Hecnonißam: cb. ,Z(ÍBa a6o 12 anocToaÍB nopÍB- hjoiotbch 3Í 3HaKaMH 302ÍHKa, cb. JXyX 3 bhhom toiho. ÍÍBOpCBKHH yjKHBae i OKpeMHX nopißHHHB, npHKaanÍB (nacTo aHTHHHHx), 3ann-TaHb Ta niHJioriB, bíh jiioöhtb rpy cjiíb (nado jiaTHHCBKy), cnÍB-3Bynnfl („Hermioinee hctjiíhhoh hhctoth nepeBo", „MHCJieHHaa Mac-jiHHa"), pHMH (BKopeHHTH i BiHeiiHTH, 3aKJiK)HeHHHH :: HacaaaceH-hhh), Ta HaBÍTB BCTaBjiJiG b nponoBÍab 3ne6ijiBma aBopanKOBÍ Bipini. BynoBa fioro penem. 6a3yeTBca Ha napajiejiÍ3MÍ hh aHTHTe3ax („Th TpyacnaciHca, a mh TpyaaMH tboimh nonHBacM. Th Ha CMepTb ycTpeM-aacmca, a mh tím 03 CMepTH CBOôoflHÍ. Th Maao cnnuiH, a mh 6e3COH-HHH,eio TBOGK) BHCHnjiiiGMCH. .. " i t. n..). JTk)6htb bíh i HanÍBryMO-Phcthhhí nopÍBHHHHH'. ,,rep6 arana" — „npHBHaea 3 caMofi Kamje-jiapii HeöecBKOH", „Höh gctb nepBHM aaMHpaaoM i BonHoro nyTH Í3'flBHTejieM. O Hog! o npecjiaBHHH anMnpaae! O kojihkog ÍMaMH B03AaTH ÖJiaronapemG 3a tbog 03 Bora naHHoe MacTepcTBO. . ."; no Bora bíh 3BepTaGTBca: „O anTHKapio HeöecHHÖ, kojib nHBHa y Teôa ajixHMia, kojib aynecHa y Teôa amreKa, kot op an i caMHc aan b ai-KapcTBa npeTBopacTB i caMyro aBBOByio aiOTÍCTB b caaa,icTB npo-míhhctb i caMyio híobh Mamioio tbophtb". 3míct nopÍBHHHB nacTo TpaflHĽtiiiHHH — acHTTH g Mope: „HJo gctb rpiniHHK, ame He Mope HopHOG, 6e33aK0HÍG OHopHiaoG, pna i MÍpi rpixaM He ÍMymec, rop-hhm BoaHeHieM nMameGca, BrrpaMH n.yxoB 3ao6n KoaeöaeMOG, ro-picTB i caamcTB rpixoBHyio b co6i conepacamee, khtob aacBKHX no-raoinaiomHX npeicnoaHeHoe". „naoBymHM HÍKorna b Kopaôai Kyn-ilflM npeöoraTHM, HaüneTB CTpaniHaa 6ypa, HaaHyTB BoaHH o ko-pa6aB HiTypMyBaTH, CTpax Ha bcíx Beamc, norpa3HOBeHÍ6 Kopaöaa 6aH3BKO, CMepTB Tyr npen. onHMa. .. ". — Ha acaat, nponoBÍn.i HßopcBKoro BHflaHo b Mockbí Ta no3MÍHK)BaHo MOBy i BHÔpaHo nepe-BaaíHo naHeripHHHi noro nponoBinL THMnacoM Hbopcbkhž 3HaHHioB i naa u,apa neTpa nopÍBHaHHH, noniÔHe no nopÍBHaHHH, mp Soro bhchb cb. 7J,MHTpo: ne 6eHKeT BaaTacapiß! npaß^a, ne MÍcup npo-noBÍnH HßopCBKHH BHKHHyß, KOJiH TOBopHß nponoBint, HKa Mae TeMy nofliÖHy po nponoBÍa,i cb. JJ^MHTpa o ijapcTBi neSecHÍM: nponoBÍnHHK uiyKaG npaßflH ,Ta mne ii He 3HaxonHTB: „Xotíb a 11 myKaTH Ty, b Mockbí, a Mem aexTO CKa3aß, mp 3naaeKa MHHyaa ropon., 3HaTH, mp öoaaaca a6o KHyTa, a6o naaxn, a6o KaToprn". B KoacHOMy pa3i, nponoBinB JlBopcBKoro penpe3eHTyc aaa Hac neBHHH CTHab ÔapoKKOBoí nponoBÍni Ta g b CBOGMy ponj nyace Maíi-CTepna. 7. neBHHŘ onip iiHiiiHa öapoKKOBa nponoßinB 3HaHuiaa b íh-moro npeacTaBHHKa ôapoKKOBoi nponoBÍn.i, y Teo4)aHa npoKono-BHna. Bíh 6yB npoTH mTyHHOi cxeMaTH3aD;ií, npoTH TeaTpaaBHocra nponoBin,HHu;BKoro CTHaio. Ha acaaB, fioro nponoBini, mo BH^aHi, 299 BHÖpaHi onHoôiHHo: ne Bee naHeripHKH IleTpoBi I. Bíh BHMaraB noBHajiBHoro 3MicTy, ajie öijibniicTb fioro nponoBinpfi, mp HaM bí-noMa, B3arajii He Mae pejiiriŽHoro 3MÍCTy: ne BJiacHe hojiíthhhí npOMOBH, Ajie Í b HHX 3HaÖneM0 paCHe BJKHBaHHH BCix peTOpHHHHX npHKpac, bohh BHMaraiOTb Bifl nponoBiflHHKa TaKOJK TeaTpajibHoro acecTy Ta neiuiHManiHHoi bhmobh. Bin,pÍ3HHiOTbCfl bohh Bin, npono-Bifleä HanpjiMy .HBopcbKoro rojiOBHe 3acjia6jieHHjm MeTacpopHKH Ta CHMBOJIÍKH. HJe npocTiuii Ta 3míctom i TeMaTHKOio 3ne6ijibiHa cyro pejii-riöm nponoBini CKpoMHiruoro yicpaiHCbKoro nponoBinHHKa TaBpnjia ByjKHHCbKoro, hio MaiOTb 3Ha*ieHHH njiH icTopii yKpaiHCbKoi npono-Bifli rojiOBHe Mepe3 Te, mp BHjuaHo ix npöpe 3 pyKonncy 3 3Öepe- JKeHHHM BJiaCTHBOCTeH MOBH. MaÖHce HeBiflOMi (3a KijibKOMa BHHHTieaMH) nponoBifli C. To-HopcbKoro, yjiioôJieHoro nponoBinHHKa npn flßopi napnni GjiHcaBeTH. Bohh niicaBi ö thm, ino aBTop ix nepeöyBaB nin, HHMajiHM bhjihbom 3axinHix, HÍMen,i>KHx mícthmhhx Tenia. 3acjia6jieHHfl hhhihocth 3ycTpinaeMo i b nponoßinax Kohhcb-Koro. flpyroi noJiOBHHH 18 CTopinnji HajieacaTb i nßi nponoBini- BHKJianH CKOBOpOflH: b hhx BÍH, HK y BCTyTIHHX aKan,eMÍHHHX bh- KJianax, hemíthb ochobh CBoro MicTHMHoro CBiTorjiHny. Ajie npn Bciö cpijiococpÍMH0CTÍ ix 3MÍCTy cpopMa ix me TpaflHininia SapoKKO-Ba: aBTop xone Bpa3HTH cjiyxaniß, nip6 d,hm npHBepHyTH ix yßary np CBO'ix flyMOK. Ocb HK nonaB bíh nepuiy nponoBinb-BHKJian,: „Becb MHp cnHTb, Ta me ne TaK cnirrb, íik o npaßenHHKy cKa3aH0: anie na-fleTb, He po3ÖieTbcfl ... CnnTb, tjihooko, npoTHrayBiHHCb ... A Ha-CTaBHHKH, nacyxHHi l3pai'jiji, He tíjibko He npoöyjKHBaioTb, ho in© norjiaJKHBaiOTb: cnn, He 6iöcH, Miene xopoinoe, noro onacaTHCii. . JXpyry nponoBinb, ne bíh HaMinae cboio nyMKy npo „oöomenHsi", no-HHHae 3 KapTHHH flapeMHoro uiyKaHHii npaBnH, XpHCTa b ycboMy cbítí : „He cmhcjihm, ne icKaxb. . . MHorn'i imyrb Gro b ghhho-HanajibCTBinx KecapH AßrycTa, bo BpeMeHax THBepieBHx... HfecTb 3flT,! MHorni BOJionaTbca no GpycajiHMax, no HopnaHax, no Bncp-jiHGMax, no KapMHJiax, no «raBOpax; moxaiOTb míjk GßcppaTaMH i TnrpaMH. .. Híjctb 3flT., HicTb! Mnorni imyTb Gro bo bhcokhx MHp-CKHX necTax, bo BejíHKOJiinHHx noMax, bo nepeMOHÍHjibHHx CTOJiax. .. MHorni inr/Tb, 3ÍBaa, no BcerojiyÖiM 3bí3aohochím cbo^í, no cohii.io, no JiyHi, no bcím KonepHHKOBHM MHpaM... IinyTb b npBrHx MOJieH-HHx, b nocTax, b CBHHieHirqecbKHx oßpnnax... iniyTb b nenbrax, B CTOJIÍTHÍM 3nppOB'l, B njIOTCbKÍM BOCKpeCeHHi . . . HiCTb CTHjiicTHKa CkoBopoflHHCbKHX nponoBÍfleH Tpa,H,HnÍHHO öapoKKOBa: MaGMo TyT 3BepTaHHH flo cjiyxaniB, fliajiorn, ryMopncTHHHi 3bopoth 300 (nHB. y Bmn.eHaBen.eHHX nirraTax), cHMBoaiKy, me CMijiHBimy Ta me Bpa3JiHBÍmy rjih cayxamB, mac cHMBOJiiKa íhuihx nponoBinHHKiB, 3ycTpinaeMo äHTHTe3H Ta napaaoKCH. Tan yKpaiHCBKa nponoBiat 3ajimnajiaca Maůace 200 poKÍB y Me-acax öapoKKOBOi TpaaHH,ií. B 19 CTopmni nponoBint BHňmjia no3a Meaci KpacHo'í jiiTepaTypH. Ii BnjiHBH Ha jiiTepaTypy TOMy míhí-MajibHi. JliTepaTypHo-icTopHHHa Hayna ine nyace Majio 3po6njia rjiä ii aocjiiaHteHHH. CKapÖH yKpaiHCBKoi ßapoKKOBoi nponoBifli — (pop-MajitHi ia ayxoBi — me neKaiOTb Ha yBary Haiuoro noKOJiiHHH. G. IcTopHMHa JiľrepaTypa 1. TaK caMe, hk i nponoBint, icTopiorpacpia nacis ôapoKKa me HajieacHTfc ro KpacHoi JiiTepaTypH. Moace anine cyTo xpohícth^hí TBopn MaiOTB míny (pyHKínio, amac cyTo aiiepaTypHy. B KOACHOMy pa3i me 1670 p. rycTHHctKHfi icpoMOHax MHxaôao JIochubkhh y ne-peaMOBi po xpoHÍKH Mir 3raaaTH ToMepa ak nonepeaHHKa npau,i xpo-híctíb 17 ct., monpaBaa, Toiviepa He Jiňme hk noeTa, a h ak naTpioTa. 7J[o6pHM CBianeHHHM npO BapTÍCTb Ta 3HaHeHHA ÔapOKKOBOl ro6h b u,ifi rajiy3i e Bace caMHH (paKT, mo icTopHHHa npauA Ôyaa ÍHTeHCHB-Ha, mo kíjibkíctI) íctophhhhx TBopiß pÍ3Horo rany 6yaa aniwaaa Ta mo b hhx TBopax MacMo MaÖHce 3aBme neBHHä HanioHaabHHH cbí-Toraaa. Ihorí H,eö HanioHaabHHH CBÍToraaR po3naHBaGTtca b cao-b'hhcbkíh, ÍHoai b npaBocjiaBHÍH iReoaorii', aae 6e3 Htoro He o6xo-rhtbca, 3aaGTbca, aHi oaHH icTopnnHHH Tßip yKpaiHCbKoro 6apoKKa. JJpHKi TBopn me HaB'íisyioTtca ao CTapo'i jiiTonncHoi TpaRimu: Ha rionaTKy CTopima (Koao p. 1621) nepenncaHO InaTiBCbKHÔ arro-nnc (t. 3B. IIoroaiHCbKHH cnncoK), ajie me 1670 p. b rycTHHctKOMy MaHacTHpi nocTaG t. 3b. ,,rycthhcbkhh JiiTonnc", mo 6jih3bkhh a° CTaporo aiTonncHoro Tnny. IIpoTaroM Emy nocTaioTL HHcaeHHi xpohíkh, aiíipii Ta 3anHCKH (aeam BTpaneHo). He öyaeMo Ha hhx 3y-nnHATHCH. H,hcaBÍ RJiK Hac BOHH Kifflie nonacTH, nocKiatKH b hhx BiaÔHBajiHCH aiTepaTypHHÖ cMaK Ta iaeoaoria nacy. KpiM cyTo ícto-Phhhhx 3anncoK, Tpeôa 3raaaTH me aBTo6iorpa(piio, AKa po3BHBaGTb-ca Ha Tai He CTiatKH noaiTHHHHx, cKÍahKH uepKOBHHx noaiä Ta HÍKa-Ba THM, mo noaac neBHy xapaKTepncTHKy cyö'GKTHBHoro po3BHTKy aBTopa. íle — Riapiioru ATaHacia <í>HaHnoBHna (Koao 1645 p.). Teac opHťiHaatHHH THn 3anncoK penpe3eHTyc noaopoaí B. rpnropoBHHa-BapcbKoro no cbhthx 3eMjiax (nepea 1745 p.). ílKin.0 npneaHaGMo me KiatKa RiapiiB Ta 3anHCOK, mo enenjaatHo npnCBanem He ícto-pHHHHM noaÍHM B3araai, a nepeatHBaHHaivr OKpeMo'í ocoôn, to no6a-1HMO, mo neö 3a naciß öapoKKa yaioôaeHHH acaHp aBTo6iorpa(pií, Ha 301 yKpaiHi He nyJKe po3noBCK)3a cboio oco6y, — TaK mp 11 He 3'acoBaHo ň floci, ajie 3aKpHB icTopHHHO-eniHHHM cthjicm TaKoac i b gctbí hochtb TeH-aeHHjiHHHH BHKJian. nofliii 3 norjiajiy MOHapxmHo-maaxeTCBKoro. —• Ocb npHKJian, mobh CaMOBH3iia: „I TaK Hapo3 nocnojiHTHH na YKpa-íhí, nocjiHHiaBHiH o 3HeceHHK> bíhcbk KopoHHHx i reTBMamB, 3apa3 nonajiHCH KynHTH b nojiKH He tíjibko tíg, KOTopie K03aKaMH ÖHBajiH, ajie xto i HiflH K03auTBa He 3HaB . . . Ha tot aae Tyra BenHKaa jiioaeM BCHKOro CTany 3HaTHHM önjia, i HapyraHHa 03 nocnojiHTHx jHoneô, a HaHÖijibuie 03 ryaBTaöcTBa, to gctb 074 6poBapHHKÍB, bhhhhkíb, MorHjiBHHKÍB, 6y3HHKÍB, HaHMHTÍB, nacTyxiB" . . . 3. He 3aKpHBae cBoro oojihhhh Ta cbo'íx TeHfleHHiö nin, MacKOK) 06'GKTHBHoro jiítoiihcijh aBTop npyroro BH^aTHoro icTopn^moro tbo-py, TpHropiö rpaD'amca. Xon nncaB bíh nicaa 1709 p. Ta noHHHaG cbok) icTopiio YKpaiHH aa< Bifl caMHx 11 nonaTKÍB, npoTe rojioBHa öoro TeMa — XMenBHHHHHHa — GflHHa aacTHHa, mp jiiTepaTypno 30-cKOHajio oöpoßaeHa, Ta noaacTH me neam cTopiHKH, npHCBaaem oco-6aM hh nofliaM, 30 hkhx aBTop Mac cHMnariio a6o iHTepec. Tpaö'aHKa KopHCTyBaBca He annie yKpamcBKHMH flacepeaaMH, a ô noatctKoio (noaBCBKOK) Ta aaTHHCBKOK) MOBaMH) aiTepaTypoK) Ta 3axinHÍMH nncBMeHHHKaMH (HycbeHaoptp) i He 3aMOBHyc UBoro (paKTy. Cth-aicTHHHo Tpaö'aHKa nocepeflHBO Ta 6e3nocepeflHBo fifle 3a ineaaoM 6apoKKOBoro icTopHHHoro craaio — phmcbkhmh ÍCTOpHKaMH, 30Kpe-Ma JIíbígm. Mosa Tpaö'aHKH HaaeacHTB 30 „BHiupro" CTHaK), amac MOBa CaM0BH3u;fl. 4. HaHBH3HaaHÍHiHH Ta HafiöiaBHiHH TBip TpeTBoro „aiTonHCiia" yKpaÍHCtKoro ôapoKKa, CaMinaa Bejnraca; nacTHHH öoro, mpnpaB3a, BTpaneHi, TaK mp „JliTonnc" ííoro 3oxo3htb 30 1700 p., xon aBTop, 33aGTBca, 30BÍB ňoro 30 1720 p. BejnraKO HaBÍTB po3BHBac b ne-pe3M0Bax 30 1-ro Ta 2-ro tomíb JíiTonncy 3eaKÍ ochobh CBoro ícto-pHHHoro CBÍToraa3y Ta cbogí icTopHHHoi ,,MeT03onoriľ\ ^acepeaa BeaHHKa He MeHiu pi3HOMaHÍTHÍ, ama< Ppaô'aHKOBi (xaK caMo ny- 302 (peHnppdp, 3 noeTÍB Tacco), a bjtjihb cthjiícthkh phmcbkhx íctophkíb y Hboro m;e óíjibuihh, amac y Tpaö'iiHKH. BeanaKo BKaanac b ycTa CBoi'x repoi'b KOpoTKi a6o noBri npoMOBH, CKaanem Ha 3pa30K npoMOB y TBOpaX JiaTHHCBKHX ÍCTOpHKÍB. CTHJIb BeJIHHKa nOCHTb CHJIbHO 3MÍ- HioGTbca 3ajiejKHo Bin, npenMeiy fioro TpaKTyBamia: Moaoia roBopn-th npo pÍ3HÍ mapH fioro cTHJiio, — „bhcokhh" cthjib, ujo Haranye cthjib yKpaiHCBKoi öapoKKOBoi nponoBini, 3ycTpiaaGMo b npoMOBax, b naTeTH^hhx míchhx „JliTonncy"; TaM, ne BeanaKo bhcjiobjiiog BJiacHi noraann, cthjib aaaeKo npocTimnfi; me npocriniHfi, ajie h noeTHHHiniHH bíh TaM, ne BeanaKo nonae onncn nonifi. IJa pÍ3HO-MaHÍTHicTB cthjik) Haranye CTapi yKpamcbKi JiiTonncn. TaK caMO, aK CTapi yKpamcBKi JiiTonncn g hkhmhcb 3ÖipKaMH, eHiniKaoneniaMH CTapo'i (BejíHKOH) MÍpoio BTpaaeHoi) jiÍTepaTypn, TaK caMo g i b Be-jiHaKa: bíh nonae TyT aneaeHHi Bipmi bíhomhx (I. BennaKOBCbKoro) Ta HeßifloMHx noeriB, 3ne6iabinoro icTopnani Ta noaiTHam, bíh Ha-B03HTB naHeripHKH Ta Harpoôm Hannen (eniTadpi'i) toiuo. Tßip Be-JiHHKa HacaMnepen, naa Hboro caMoro He tíjibkh aiTepaTypHHŮ, a h icTopnaHHÖ, TOMy 3ycTpiaaGM0 TyT i npKyMeHTH Ta bhÔípkh 3 n,ace-peji, nepeKa3H íhhihx romo. — Ocb MejiaHxojiiHHHH onHc y BeanaKa YKpamn no pyini: ,,IIorjiHHyBniH . . ., Bnnix npocTpaHHHi ToroöoaHHi ytcpai-Ho-MajiopocÍHCbKHi nojiíi i po3JierjiHi 30JIHHH, jiích i OÔniHpKHÍ canpse i KpacHHÍ nyÔpaBH, piKH, cTaBH, o3epa, 3anycTÍjiH'i, mxom, TpocTieM i nenoTpeÓHOio jiHnHHOK) 3apocniHi. . . Upen, bíhhoio XMejiBHHnjbKoro 6hctb aKÍ BTopaa 3eMaa oÖiTOBäHHaa, MenoM i MJieKOM KHnainaa. Bhríx a MaTepiaay. 6. Ta icTopHHHa CHHTe3a, m,o cnpaBni nonac 3 HaiiioHanbHoro nornany cyuiabHy KapTHHy yicpamcsKoi* icTopii, HaaeacHTb yace np noôapoKKOBOi enoxn: ue caaBH03BÍCHa „IcTopia Pyciß", mo noBonHTb BHKaaa, 3,0 1769 p. Xon nepeaMOBa ho „IcTopii" 3Be ií „JIítohhcom", HKHH bíbch 3 CTapHx *iacÍB, aae uiaicoM hcho, mo ne g TBip He criabKH icTopHHHHÖ, cKiabKH HaiiioHanbHO-noniTHHHHH Ta aiTepaTypHHH. Ab-TopoM íi b CTapi nacH BBaacajiH T. KoHHCbKoro, hkhh híôh nepeflaB 30k iľ Tp. IIojieTHD;i, nÍ3HÍuie — caMoro IIojierHKy, ajie nocraB n,e& TBip, Tpeôa flyMaTH, Bace Ha noaaTKy 19 ct. 3 íhíd;íhthbh yKpamcBKHx naT-pioTÍB, m,o BHKopncTajiH öapoKKOBy icTopHHHy Tpannijiio, m,o6 06-ťpyHTysaTH noaiTHam BHMorn yicpaiHiim npoTH pociöcBKoro ypany. Abtop „IcTopľi Pyciß" nocjiinpBHO po3BHBae nyMKy, mo II HaMiaeHo Bace b nonepenHÍH yicpaiHCbKÍH íctophhhíh aiTepaxypi, a caiwe, mp nottiTHnHO-HauioHajiBHa Ta KyabTypHa icTopia yicpamn Mae cbok> BaacHy TpanHniio 3 HaficTapiuiHx aaciB. 3 nboro noraany ocsÍTaeHO i aHTOBCBKHH Ta noabCBKHH nepionn yicparncbKoi iCTopľi: MoacHa CKä3aTH, iup ne b aoMy HanioHaabHa iHTymia aBTopa npnseaa fioro AO npaBHabHoro 3p03yMÍHHa icTopnaHoro MHHyaoro. IleHTpaabHHMH nocTaTHMH yKpamcBKoi icTopľi g Raa aBTopa XMeabHHHbKHÔ Ta Ma-3ena (xoa npo ocTaHHboro bíh i roBopHTb flyace oöepeacHo). Cbo'í noaiTHam nyMKH Ta ineaan aBTop yicaanae b npoMOBH (Hanp., Xivieab-HHHbKOro Ta IIoayöoTKa), ancra (HaaHBaÖKa an JJopouieHKa), bí-R03BH (Ma3enn), cyan ayacHHn.íb npo ytcpamy Ta yicpamnÍB (TycTaB Anpabdp, Kapao XII). y TaKHX Micnax aBTop BHaBaae ceöe nncb-MeHHHKOM HHMaaoi CHJiH BHpa3y, a b eniaHHX aacTHHax nonae npn-Kaann CBoro bmíhhh onoBinara. roaoBHHM 3äBa,aHHaM icTopnaHoro onoBiaaHHH g TyT 3o6pa3HTH HaiíioHaabHHH Ta peairiÔHHH thít noaa-kíb, a noTÍM Mockbh. He 3HaTH, an HenpcTaTHboio o6po6icoio, hh 6a-acaHHHM aBTopa BHKaHKaTH b aHTaaa BpaaceHHH, mo TBip áoro nifi-chhh „aiTonnc", cain. noacHHTH HenpcTaTHio CKOMnoHOBamcTb n,i-aoro, Tan inp OKpeMi, noaacTH HeBaacaHBi enÍ3on,H 3aaHniHanca 6e3 neBHoro 3B'a3Ky 3 n,iaHM. MoBa „IcTopii Pyciß" Bace Ha po3nppiacaci Miac pociöcbKOKj aiTepaTypHOK) Ta yicpalncbicoio: yicparncbici eaeineH-TH BHnaflKoBi. Tßip MoacHa mobho npnayaHTH 30 „yicpamcbicoí uiko-jih" b poeiocbKÍH aiTepaTypi, BepniKOM po3BHTKy aKoi 6yan nÍ3HÍnie nncaHHa Toroaa. 3b'h3kh 3 CTHaicTHKOio ÔapoKKOBoí yicparncbicoi icTopiorpacbi'i apcHTb cnabHi, aae cTHab 3araaoM HaöanacaGTbca no ,,KaacHiíH3My" (nim. po3nia VI-hS) . 7. HanioHaabHe 3HaaeHHa öapoKKOBoi icTopiorpadpii 6e3cyMHÍB-He. He MeHuie i atiepaTypne: Bca yKpaÍHCbKa icTopnaHa noe3Ía Ta ôeaeTpncTHKa KopncTaeTbca aK aacepeaaMH ôapoKKOBHMH icTopio-rpadpaMH: IHeBaeHKO 6ynye „raHn,aMaKÍB" Ha „IcTopií PyciB", Ky-aim y „"^opHin pani" Ha rpaö'aHui Toinp. HeMae cyMHÍBy, inp 6araTo BaacaTb i tí TBopn yicpaiHCbKoI 6apoKKOBo'i icTopiorpadpii, mo nncam noabCbKoio a6o aaTHHCbKOK) moboio; Haž6iabnie — nncaHnô noab-cbKOK) mobok) Ta noabCbKH opiGHTOBaraní aiTonnc epanaa; TaK caMe 3acayroByiOTb yBarn h bíhomoctí npo yicpamy b ayacnx aire-paTypax, mo Beamcoio Mipoio noxonaTb 3 yicpaiHCbKHX n,acepea. 06-poÖHTH neö MaTepiaa 3 noraany icTopnaHo-aiTepaTypHoro — me saBRaHHH MaäöyTHbro. 805 JK. TpaKTaT 1. BejiHKOio MipoK) BKxonHTL no3a paMKH aiTepaTypn ÖapOKKO-Bíiŕí TpaKTaT. y HHMajiiä nacram bíh nncaHnfi aaraHCbKoio moboio. JXo TpaKTaTÍB öapoKKa Haaeacnra Beanna kíjiíkíctb mnpyHHHKÍB kh-ibcbkoi aKaneMií Ta íhiuhx (npaBocjiaBHHx Ta h KaToannbKnx) iiikíji. ^jia icTopii aiTepaTypn MaiOTb BejiHKe 3HaneHHa niflpyaHHKH noera-KH, mo noflaiOTb Teopiio thx jiÍTepaTypHHx (popM, hkhx npaKTHKy MaGMo b TBopax öapoKKOBoro KpacHoro nncbMeHCTBa. Teoaorrqm TBOpH JiaTHHCbKOK) MOBOIO MaiOTb (flK, HaiTO., GflHHHH flOCÍ BejIHKHH TpaKTaT npo ocHOBHy norMaranHy pÍ3HHn,K> KaToann,bKoi Ta npaBo-cjiaBHOi HorMaTHKH, „IIoxoflHíeHHa cb. .Ztyxa" AnaMa 3epHÍKaBa a6o iriflpyHHUK npaBocjiaBHoi norMaraKH T. npoKOnoBHaa) noaacra ä Hoci HayKOBe 3HaneHHa. 3acjiyroByiOTb Ha yBary MOB03HaBni npani yKpaiHCbKoro öapoKKa (rpaMaTHKa MeaeTia CMOTpnn,bKoro, cjiobhhk ITaMBH BepHHflH). BapoKKOBHH TpaKTaT Mac 3aBJKflH neBHy Kpacny jiÍTepaTypHy (popMy, noHHHaionn Bace 3i CKaaflHnx Ha3B. TaK 6a- POKKO CTHaiCTHHHO OípOpMJIIOBajIO HaBÍTb HayKOBe npHJiaflfla (pÍ3HH- He HH acTpoHOMinHe. Ta Haňoesnocepenninie ho KpacHoi jíiTepaTy-pn HaaeacaTb Tsopn, nncam caoB'aHo-yKpamcbKoio moboio: bohh 3BepTaiOTbCH h° niHpoKoro KOJia ^HTanÍB Ta Maiiate 3aBacflH nocifla- K)Tb HlKaBe CTHaiCTH^He OlpOpMJieHHH. Mh MOJKeMO TyT 3BepHyTHca anme ho KiabKox 3pa3KÍB yKpamcbKoro 6apoKKOBoro TpaKTaiy. 2. Xtajii icHyc noaeMrannn TpaKTaT (hhb. po3flia IV). Horo craab noMaay ctslg CKJianHiniHM, BHKaan flyMOK BiflxonHTb nacTo Ha Apyrnn njiHH, a Ha nepmoMy — HOTen, jiaŮKa Ta imiioro xapaKTepy SBopoTH ho noayTTH Ta bojií, a ne ho po3yMy nnTana. HanxapaKTe-Phcthhhíuihh TBÍp nboro CKaannoro eMonioHaabHoro cthjiio — „Tpe-hoc" Meaeria CMOTpnnbKoro (nojibCbKoio moboio). He „jihmcht" yK-KpaiHCbKoi nepKBH, HKa ň BHKaanac, hk npaBHHBa Mara, apryMeHTH npoTH yHi'i Ta 3a npaBocaaBHy Bipy. Bace TaKa paMKa BHKaany — ÔapoKKOBa. B nepniHX hbox po3HÍJiax CMOTpnn,bKOMy BHacTbca Ha- CaÍHyBaHHHM HapOHHOi (pOpMH roaOCÍHb, pHTMÍ3an,Í6K) MOBH, HHCaeH- HHMH noBTopeHHHMH Ta cnÍB3ByanaMn HocarayTH cnan BpaaceHHa: „rope Mem 6íhhíh, / rope Heinacmo, / ax — 3 ycix 6okíb orpa6oBa-híh, / .. . pyKH b KafinaHax, / apMo Ha hihí, / nyTa Ha Horax, / jiaH-inor Ha Kpnacax, / mch Han roaoBoio ooocíhhhh, / Bona nifl HoraMH ranöoKa, / oroHb no 6oKax HeBracnMHH / . . .". „npeKpacHa a 6yaa nepen yciMa, / aioöa ň MHjia, / rapHa, hk 3opa paHHa Ha cxoni, / KpacHa, hk Mican,b, / BH3HaaHa, hk coHH,e, / oflHHanKa y MaTepi cbo-eí. . .". „Bei MeHe onöiran, / bcí noropHnan, / poflnai moi naaeKO bíh MeHe, / npnaTeai moi HenpnaTeaaMn CTaan ..." (HepeKaan M. Tpy-ineBCbKoro). nepeoHiepiKOBaHa npaBocaaBHa n,epKBa nepeamye tí 306 MHCJieHHi KHH3ÍBCBKÍ Ta flBOpHHCBKi pOHH, 111,0 3ajIHUIHJIH npaBOCJiaB- Hy Bipy, nepenman na KaToaHira3M, ajie hh He me nacTinie no „api-hh": i Te h Te npnBoniiao no ;n,eHaii;ioHaai3anii! IJepKOB 3BepTacTBca no chhíb cBo'ix í3 3aKJiHK0M no BipHOCTH. BecB neS „JiaMeHT" - aac 22 CTopiHKH; jiiTepaTypHo oopoojieni h cyTo 6orocjioBctKÍ nacTHHn, npHKpauieHi TeKCTaMH, a moni nnraTaMn 3 noexiB (m. íh. IleTpap- KH) í T. fl. CMOTpHUBKHH He 3aKÍHHHB CBOGl niHJIKHOCTH HK nOJieMlCT ,,TpeHocoM" Ta npoBanHB naai noaeMÍKy ,,3 npyroro 60ny" i ni3HÍnie, hk yace nepenuiOB Ha ymio. JXo BH3HanHHx TBopiB noaeMÍKn (Teac 3 060X 6okíb) HajiejKaTb me nncaHHa K. CaKOBnna Ta HanncaHnn íioMy y BinnoBinb (Moace Mornjioio) npaBocjiaBHHH „JIítoc". y jii-TepaTyphhx nacTHHax oíjibhiocth nnx TBopiB Ta caMa óapoKKOBa nnuiHicTb Ta HecTpnMamcTB y BHpa3ax, noTenax i Hananax. Haô-BHSHanHÍniHH Tßip ycÍG*i noaeMÍKH — „najiiHoflifi" 3ax. KonncTeHCBKO-ro (nncaHa 1620-1 p.). Ochobhhh 3míct TBopy — npaBnnBa Ta cep-ňo3Ha öorocjioBCbKa noaeMÍKa. Ajie BOHa npHKpameHa thm cemhm ÔapOKKOBHM naTOCOM, BHKpHKaMH, 3BOpOTaMH, HOTenaMH, npHnOBÍfl- KaMH, naHeripHKaMH (OcTpo3BKOMy) Ta — 6e3yMOBHO aBTopoM ny-ate o6po6jieHOK) — npoMOBoio FepôypTa Ha BapmaBCBKOMy cohmí. 3. Majia yKpamcBKa arrepaTypa i cyTo-HayKOBi TpaKTäTH. LUe b caMHx nonaTKax cthjiícthkh öapoKKa cto'ítb ,,3epnaao SorocaoBÍa" KHDHaa TpaHKBiaioHa CTaBpoBenBKoro (1618, 1635 Ta íh.). ,,B tíh KHH3Í.. . noKaanaaoca npocTHH H3HK i caoBeHCBKHH..." KHHra no-nac BHKaan, 6orocaoBCBKOi HayKH npo Bora, npo cbít y noro hoth- pt.ox p03fliaaX (HeBHnHMHH-HHrOaBCBKHH, BHflHMHH, aiOHCBKHH Ta cbít 3Jia — aopTÍB), HapeniTÍ npo „noTHpe ocTaHHÍx peni jik)3hhh" (cMepTb, ocTamfi cya, pan Ta nenao). Cthjil hochtb npocTHÜ, BHKaan, He nepeoÖTJiJKeHHH jiiTepaTypHHMn npHKpacaivin. — CncTeiviy ,,mo-paabHoi 6orocaoBÍI" nonaB Ih. TÍ3eab y khh3Í ,,Mnp 3 BoroM hojio-BiKy" (1661 Ta 1678) : n,e, BaacHe, ninpynHHK naa"CBain,eHHKÍB npn cnoßini. I TyT BHKjian, npocTHň (xon KHHacKy nncaHO Bace b aacn po3KBÍTy óapoKKOBoro cTnaio). B KHH3Í cnaa noöyTOBoro RiaTepiaay, aae äBTop JiHine npHHarinHo bhpohhtb HaponHe caoBo ra ne Kopnc-TyGTLCa HapOflHOK) caOBeCHÍCTK). — IJÍKaBi, xon i ,,xaoTnnHÍ" TpaKTäTH MaGMo HaBÍTt 3 3aKapnaTTa 3-nin. nepa o. Mnxafiaa AHnpeaaa, n.e cnpoÖH ôapoKKOBoí nonyaapHo-HayKOBo'i (öorocaoBCBKo'i) po3- BÍHKH. 4. IliKaBy cTopiHKy 3 icTopiií yKpamcBKoro TpaKTaTy yTBopioiOTb npani TaBpnaa JloMeuBKoro, — 3 fioro ancaeHHHx np03amHHx tbo-piB BHflpyKyBaHo KÍatKa („IlyTB k bíhhoctí" cto pokíb nicaa ňoro HanncaHHa — 1784 p., b pycncpiKOBamn (popMi; jnia. íhuií TpaKTäTH BHflaHi HayKOBo Bace b 20 ct.). nňtaBi bohh He cTiaBKn 3míctom, — 307 3míct ÍX nOCHTB Tpa.flHB;ÍHHHH nepHeiíBKH-aCKeTHHHHH. Ajie MOBa IX Hap,3BHnaHHo najieKO ßinöirae bijí, ijepKOBHocaoB'HHiHjHHH i, nocKÍab-KH ne g D,ijiKOM „npocTa MOBa", to MOJKe npaBHTb aaa Hac sa HanKpa-uraö 3pa30K mobh ocßineHOro cycniabCTBa thx naciß, kíhhh 17 ct. (TBopH /ÍOMeHbKoro nncaHi 3ae6iabina míhí 1680-90 pp.)- ÜHcane fljia HeHHlB „O B03BaHHK) HO 3aK0Hy Í O AOCKOHaaOCTH BHieniHHX b Hero", 3ÔyaoBaHe rapHo, cHCTeMaranHO (3 nacTHHH b 20 po3ni-aax), aae híhk, KpÍM HeHHcaeHHHX 6í6jiíhhhx tckctíb He Haraaye nepKOBHOi mobh; HaBÍTb imTaTH 3 OTHÍB nepKBH nncaHo tíghd caMOK) MOBOK), inp h Baacm MipKyBaHHa aBTopa. Ot hk bíh 3BepTaeTbca 30 ,,3aKOHHHKÍB'': ,,Bo b He6i He thx KopoHyiOTb, KOTopHi HaHHHaiOTb, aae thx, KOTOpHl aHC flO CMepTH BHTpHBaiOTb. GlHe b nHCbMÍ ôoacoM TOG 03HaHMyGTb, iac Tocnofly Bory HÍran He noaooaeTbca raynnn i He-BipHHH 06ÍT ... Aae mp ropinaa, ace 6e3necTHe Bory npHHocHTb i kphb-ay HHHaTb, noHeBaac, yHHHHBUiH o6ít i BHKOHäBuiH npHcary, He 3a-xoByiOTb, hko npHCTOiTb; Ha TaKOBHX enycKaGTb Bor ayn rHißy cbo-cro...". „O nocayuiaHHi" raaac JJoMeijbKHH: „YBaai, íhí 3aKOH gctb canaHHH i ac-pornS BepTorpaa,, nopaflKH i ycTaBH cyxb menhma ape-Bee b HeM, KOTopne m,enHB caM Chh Eoäíh ... CTepenn Toro BepTO-rpaaa GCTb cBaToe nocayniaHHG, KOTOpOG KoacflOMy poÔothhkobí yKa-3yGTb, mo MaGTb hhhhth . . . Til, KOTopni onaTpyioTb apeBeca i me-niHHH, to GCTb 3axoByiOTb nopaaoK i ycTaBH, cyTb 6ap30 mehhmk Toc-noay iHcycy XpncTy. Aae Ha HenocayniHHa, kotophg ncyiOTb bhhhh-nio cro, ano MoaceTb aacnaBe Ha hhx 3pira? . ." — Ue ao BCboro ui-KaBHH npuKaaa RJia xapaKTepncTHKH BiacyraocTH, xoh 6h hkoí mob-Hoi HopMH kjix pÍ3HHx aŕrepaTypHHx raryHKiB. B;e 6e3yMOBHO 36a-ranyG mobhí MoacaHBocTi Koamoro ťaTyHKy, aae nepeuiKoa^Kae bh-poöaeHHK) MOBHO-CTHaicTHHHoi Tpaanuil b KoacHOMy MOBHOMy Hiapi. 5. IleBHHH po3KBÍT nepeacHB TpaKTaT Ha npHKÍHHÍ ÔapOKKOBOl enoxH — b TBÖpax Tp. CKOBopoan. CkoBopoai HaaeaíHTb íhihhh TpaKTaT MopaabHoi öorocaoBÜ „HaaaabHaa a^epb ko xpHCTHHHCbKO-My aoöpoHpaBiio", nncaHHÖ yace flaa CBÍTCbKHX nHTaaÍB. BaacHe ne KOHcneKT BHKaaaiB CKOBopoan: 3ycTpiaacMo TyT i CHCTeMaTH^HHií p03BHTOK Í aCpOpHCTHHHHH BHKaaa ayMOK- OÔHaBÍ (pOpMH 3H0By CnO- aynaiOTbca b aiJiaorax CKOBopoan, npHCBaneHHX BHKaaaoßi Soro MicTHHHoro, TeopeTHMHoro Ta MopaabHoro CBiToraaay. CKOBopoaa KoxaGTbca 30KpeMa b aHTHTe3ax Ta noBTopeHHax. ,,B HbOMy niaoMy cbítí 6aay a asa cbíth ... Cbít BnaHHÖ Ta h6bhbhhh, hchbhh Ta MepT-bhh, niano Ta po3naaJiHBHÍí. Uen g pH3a, a toh — riao. Ilea — TiHb, a toh — aepeBo. . . OTace, cbít y cbítí g to BÍnmcTb y Tamm, híhtth y cMepri, npoôya y chí, cBÍTao y TbMi, y 6pexHÍ npaBaa, b nenaai pa-aicTb, b oa^ai Haaia" (míh nepenaaa). A60: „Cbít neô g Beamte mo- 308 pe . .. Ha utoMy nuiaxy 3ycTpinaiOT& Hac KaM'HHÍ CKeai Ta CKejib-kh; Ha ocTpoBax — CHpeHH, b rjiySHHax — khth, y noBÍTpi — bítph, XBHJIIOBaHHH yCIORK; Bifl KaMeHÍB ■— IHTOBXaHHJI, Bifl CHpeH — 3Be-fleHHH, Bifl KHTÍB - 3arjIHTaHHH, BÍR BÍTpÍB - npOTHBJÍSHHH, BÍfl xbhjib — noTonaeHHH.. ." nopyn uhx hí6h 3obhíhihíx npHKpac TBOpH CKOBOpOflH nOBHÍ rapHHX nOpÍBHHHB, KOpOTeHBKHX Ta posBHHeHHx. Bíh po3noBÍflae rochtb flOBri icTopiii, hkí noTÍM chmbo-jiíhho BHTOBManye, bíh HaBORHTB i KopoTiui 6afÍKH (bíh i HanncaB MHMajio npo3a'inHHx 6aůoK), 30 hkhx fl03ae annie KopoTiny „mo-paaB", bíh HaBORHTB i OKpeMÍ nopÍBHaHHa: „Bor g nofliÓHHn noBHo- My (pOHTaHOBÍ, mo HanOBHIOG pÍ3HÍ nOCyflHHH 3a ix bmíctom. Hafl (pOH- TaHOM Hannc: HepÍBHa ycÍM píbhíctb. JIjhotbch 3 pÍ3HHX pypoK pÍ3HÍ tokh b pÍ3Hi nocyflHHH, mo Koao (pOHTaHy ctohtb. MeHiua nocyflHHa Mae MeHHie, aae b TOMy g 6íjibhiíh pÍBHa, mo TaK caMe g noBHa": „Bci... oóflapoBaHHH (jibdahhh) , mo e TaKÍ pÍ3HÍ, hhhhtb toíí caMHH JJyx cbhthů . . . y My3HHH0My opraní Te caMe noBÍTpa BHKJiHKae pÍ3HÍ rojiocH nepe3 pÍ3Hi pypKn". KoxaGTBca CKOBopona i b rapMOHii mo-bh. BHKJiafl ůoro noBHHÍí cnÍB3Byn: „hochmhm hochtbch i flepacHMHM flepacHTBCíi", „MoaBHTB bcímh MOJiBaMH", „BÍTpeHo Beceaic", „6e33a-KOHÍa 6e3flHa", „cbít i cobít", „Mope MHpa". nopyn nBoro 3ycTpinaGM0 Phmh: „6iaca i HaSiaca", „nero aceaaTB, a nero yóiraTB", 30KpeMa pHMoBaHi aeKTÍB TiaecHHX Ha toÔ'h ch noKaace; npnaTeai npn toôí Oyayxb ctohth, a th íx bhríth He Ôy^eiu, 6yňyTb 3 toôok) mobhth, a th íx caninaTH He öyneni, 6y3yrb Han t06010 naaKaTH, aae to6í HÍHoro He noMoryTb, 6ypyTb th HanoMHHaTH, a th Toro po3yMÍTH He öynein; a no tím, Kor^a 03 Teôe CMpoR 3axo3HTH 6y3e, HÍac npeaí3e yMpeni, bcí Teôe ocTaBaaTb". — íle acKpaBHn npHKaan ranoBoro ÖapOKKOBoro ,,HaTypaaÍ3My" Ta po3BHHeHHa 03HÍG1 3 yaioôaeHHX TeM öapoKKa. 3 nojioBHHH 18-ro CTopinna TpaKTara yKpamcbKHx aBTopÍB no-Maay nonaaH nncaTHca 3ae6iabina b pociHCbKifi mobí. Ix TpeSa 6paTH 30 yBarn npn BHKaa3i icTopii yKpamcbKOi 3yMKH, 30 yKpamcbKoi ai-TepaTypH bohh Bate ne HaaeacaTb. 3. yKpaiÍHCbKa öapoKKOBa JirrepaTypa Ha Tai jiiTepaTypH cbítoboí 1. Be3cyMHÍBHHH po3KBÍT yKpamcbKoi aiTepaTypn b nacH 6apoK-Ka nocTaBHB 11 b tíchí 3b'h3kh 3 aÍTepaTypoK) cbítoboio: aŕrepaTypa, m.o nepeacHBac nepio3 nÍ3HeceHHa, MycHTb 3aBat3H nepnara 3 cbítoboí aiiepaTypH aKHanninpuie. 3 3pyroro 6oKy, MoacHa 6yao neicaTH BnaHBy yKpa'íHCbKoí aiTepaiypn Ha cycÍ3ÍB: i TaKHÖ biijihb, Ta nn-MaaHÍí, e, xon i HanpaMOsaHHÖ bíh anine 30 HaööaHacHHx cycÍ3ÍB. 2. Mh Bace ßannaH, mo b yKpamcbKio öapoKKOBifi aixeparypi g neBHa nepeBara syxoBHHX eaeMeHTÍB. OTace, 3HaňoMCTBo 3 3axÍ3Hboio aÍTepaTypoK) Ta KopncTaHHa Heio TpoxH 03Ho6inHe. Aae He ßpaicyc i 36HKoro 3HaňoMCTBa 3 aiTepaxypoK) cbítckkoio (nop. 3aBBarn npo enoc, noBÍCTb). ľleBHHH MaTepiaa 3aK)Tb npaMi 3ra3KH npo 3axÍ3HÍx 310 aBTopiß: ajie iiHTyBaHHH npnpoflHe jiHiiie b nojieMÍnHiií Ta HayKOBÍíí jíiTepaTypi. ^ajibruHH MaTepiaji p;aiOTi, HaM onncH 6i6jiioTeK ynpa-ÍHCbKHX yneHHX Ta aianiB (3fle6ijibiua flyxoBHHx: MormiH, CjiaBH-HeutKoro, Ct. ÜBopctKoro, npoKonoBnna, ff,u. Tymajia, A. Manic-BHHa, ajie ň npo cbítclkhx MaeMo aohkhh MaTepÍHJi: nop. 3raAKH b 3anncKax h. MapKOBHna, XaHeHKa). AHTHHHa JíiTepaTypa 6yjia bí-flOMa floöpe, Hanôijibnie jiaTHHCbKa; otiiíb nepKBH (cxíahíx 3Ae6ijib-nia b JiaTHHCbKHX nepeKJianax; Ta CTaBpoBentKnö HaBÍTb roBopnB, KonncTeHCbKHH inoHaňMeHine hkt&b no-rpenbKH) 3Hajin Aoöpe; ajie 3ycTpinaGMo i 3raflKH npo aHTHnHHX cpijiococpÍB; cxojiacTHKa cepeA-HbOBinna 6yjia floöpe BiflOMa b KaTOJiHiibKHx KOJiax, ajie h npep;cTaB-hhkh HeopTOROKcajibHHx Tenia; HaoinKaBÍnie 3HanoMCTBo 3 MHCJie-HHKaMH peHecancy (MaKiHBejuii, IIíko fle jih MipaHnpjia, T. IIjieTOH, M. Ky3aHCbKHH, UaSapejuia, TleTpo PaMyc. TJjJKopflaHo BpyHo, Kaplan, Epa3M, Arpina HeTecraÖMCbKnä, BofleH, BÍBec), a in,e öijibine, po3yMÍGTbCH, öapoKKa (BeKOH, Kenjiep, AjibCTeA, ^eKapT, JlboK, To6c, rponiä, KoMeHCbKnn, Moace ö Cnmo3a). LUe innprue 6yjio 3Ha-iioMCTBO 3 pejiiriÖHOio jíiTepaiypoK), inp Mac He Majie 3HanemiH rjix KpacHoi jíiTepaTypH (Hanp., flyxoBHa nicHH, TBopn mícthkíb Tonip). 3. IlepeKjiajiiB 6yjio nyoKe Majio. Ajie n,e 3BnnaHHa pnca Kyjib-TypH ôapoKKo: BOHa bcjihkoio Mipoio npn3HaneHa ajih ayxobhhx Ta CBÍTCbKHx bhhihx BepcTB. IlepeKJiafliB 3 JiaTHHH He Tpeôa öyjio, 60 ni KOJia ii 3HajiH; me MeHiue öyjio noxpeoii b nepeKJianaHHi 3 nojib-CbKoi. Othcc, 3ycTpinaGMo Jinme b „hhjkhhx" ctpepax jrirepaTypn (noßicTb, npH3HaneHa i rjiíi Hapony, Bipma) nepeKJia^h 3 JiaTHHH (nop. BHine npo BejinnKOBCbKoro, inp nepeKJianaB aHrjiiöcbKoro enirpaMaTHCTa OßeHa, CKOBopoAy, iup nepeKJiaflaB BeprinÍH, Obíaíh, ropanin, Ta HOBOJiaTHHCbKHx noeTÍB MypeTa Ta Pomin i t. a-), 3 nojibCbKoi (noBicTi — ahb. Bnme, Bipini), fleinp i 3 necbKoi; 6yjiH HaBÍTb nepeKJiaflH HÍMeiibKHx flyxoBHHx niceHb (C. ToflopcbKoro). Ajie nonHHajiHCH cnpoÔH ä cepäo3HÍmHx nepeKJiafliB: ao hhx Hajie-:«aTb nepeflycÍM nepeKJiaflH-nepepoÖKH CKOBopoflH 3 ÜJiyTapxa, Hi-nepoHa. XfejieKO inKaBÍme 6yjio 6 ycTaHOBHTH HacjiÍAyBaHHH nyjKHX aBTopiß (nop. npo BoKKanno b po3AÍJii npo noßicTb), ajie Rjia. iiboro me 3po6jieHo Ay>Ke Majio. XapaKTepHCTHMHo, mp nponoBÍAHHKH nac-To iíHTyioTb nepeBajKHo jiaTHHCbKy CTapy Ta HOBy jiixepaTypy Ta HaBÍTb pOÖJIHTb JiaTHHCbKOK) mobok) CBOÍ flHCn03HH,ÍÍ (ÜBOpCbKHH, By-JKHHCBKHh). Ajie npo KOpHCTaHHH JiaTHHCbKOK) CTapOK) Ta HOBOK) Jli- TepaTypoK) MaGMo noKH Majio MaTepiHJiy. JXyme xapaKTepncranHe CBÍAHeHHH npo 03HaÔOMJieHHÍCTb yKpaÍHIIÍB 3 HOBOJiaTHHCbKOK) jiÍTepaTypoK) a^g AÍflJií>HÍCTb yKpamcbKHx nepeKJiaAanÍB y Pocii: ix npan;iOBajio Taivr HHMajio, bohh nepeKJiajín cothí TBopÍB, HHMajia i'x nacTHHa — ne tboph jiaTHHCbKoi jiiTepaTypn 17 CTopinnn. SU 4. BnjiHB yKpaiHCbKOi ařrepaiypn Ha pociöcbicy b 17 ct. Be-jiHHe3HHÔ Ta HyHce 3HanHHH m,e b 18-OMy. Mh Bace 3ranyBaan He ofl-Horo yKpaiHDjfl (Hanp., nponoBinHHKH), inp nparpoBaB y Pocii. Ta nepe3 yicpamcbKe noeepenHHirrBo npHxoniijiH nacTo b Pociio ň tbo-pn 3axiaHE.oi Ta nojitCBKOÍ jiÍTepaTypa, Hanp., noßicTi (inonpaßna, íiKpa3 b noßicTi pociHHH b nacH 6apoKica flajín nemo CBoepiflHe). Aae yitpamni npHHecjín 30 Pociii B3arajii Bneprue neBHi jiiTepaTypHÍ ra-TyHKH, Hanp., Bipui i npainy; npencTaBHHK khibclkoi uikojih (6iao-pyc) CHMeoH riojion&KHH ohchbhb 30BCÍM y>Ke 3aBMepjiy pocinc&Ky nponoBiflb, — Ta äoro HacTynHHKH 6yan 3fle6ijit.nia yicpaiHnL Ryme BH3Ha*iHa 6yaa poaa yicpamnÍB b pocincbKin HayKOBiíi jiiTepa-Typi, xon TBopn (6orocaoBCbKÍ) yicpaiHijiB i 3ycTpinaanca ne pa3 3 3a6opoHaMH Ta nepecaiflyBaHHHMH. UjícaBO, m,o HaBÍTb ôorocaoBCb-Ka jiiTepaTypa „cTapoBipiß" cicaanaGTbca Beanicoio Mipoio 3 yicpaiHCb-KHx TBopiB. — B niaoMy pociäcbica aiTepaTypa 17 Biicy Bnraaflae b neBHHÍí nac Ta b neBHHx nacTHHax hk aKHÖCb „cpiaiaa" yicpam-CBK01 aiTepaTypn. /Jyace Beanunn, xon mchlu noMirano, BnanB ynpa-mniB Ha pocincBKy aiTepaTypy 18 cTopmna: ohhh 3 ii ocHOBonoaoac-hhkíb A, KaHTeMip ■— y Tpannnii yicpalHCbKoro cnaaôinHoro Bipiny; BnaHB yKpamcbKoro Bipniy cnabHHH (thm öiabine, m,o ,,BÍpni" aciiBe b Mockbí me nocHTb flOBro napaaeabHO 3 hobhmh tohíhhhmh „cth-xaMH"). KiabKicTb nepeKaananiB-yicpaiHniB (čepen hhx Tp. Iloae-THKa) BeaHKa, Beanica h KiabKicTb nayKOBHx nHCbMeHHHKÍB-yKpam-h,íb, ih,o BHpo6aiOK)Tb HHMaaoio Mipoio pocižcbicy TepMÍHoaoriio. Yk-pamcbKi noeTH, iij;o nnmyTb no-pociScbicH, 3anpoBap;acyioTb no po-ciiicbKoi aiTepaTypn nonacTH b hobhx (popiviax TpannniÖHi mothbh yKpaiHCbKoi aipHKH (HafiBH3HaaHÍnii 3 hhx BornaHOBHn, KanHÍCT, mp nepeKaanaB no peni CicoBopony, — BHXOBaHiji yKpamcbKoro 6a-poKKOBoro CTHaio, aae nnniyTb yace b nycí hobopo „KaacHnH3My"). yKpaÍHenb, ne b aoMy cnopinHeHHH 3i cboí'm 3eMaaK0M CKOBoponoio, CeMeH Taiviaaia rpaG roaoBHy poaio b po3BHTKy pociHCbKoi mícthkh 18 ct. HJe 6iabiuHH BnaHB opTonoKcaabHoro Ilalcia Bean^KOBCbKO-ro (nHB. naai 6). ; 5. y noabCbKiH aiTepaTypi yicpamcbKa Tenia Bace 3 apcHTb naB-híx naciß yTBopnaa neBHy „yicparncbicy niKoay", He annie b 19-My Bin,i. Tpe6a BH3HaTH, mp icHyBaHHa „yicpaiHCbKoi uiKoan" He Moace 6yTH nyJKe npHGMHHM HanioMy HanioHaabHOMy nonyiTio, — 60 icHyBaHHa niei niKoan CBinnnTb npo neBHi He 6e3ťpyHT0BHi npeieHcii noaaKÍB Ha yitparncbicy KyabTypHy ccpepy Ta npo BinnaHB caaÔKHX Han;ioHaabHo yicpaiHCbkhx nncbMeHmnciB no noabCbKoi c(pepn. Yk-pai'HCbKa TeMaTHKa b noabCbKiS aiTepaTypi CBinnHTb, po3yMieTca, TaKoac i npo neBHy BHCOTy ,,noTeHn,iaabHo'i eHeprii" yicparncbKoi 312 Kyjií/rypH, mp, Ha «ajit, ÍH03Í 3HaxonHjia 3JIH ce6e bhxÍ3 jimne Ha nyjKOMy ťpyHTi. JJpchtb 3ranaiH HaHBH3aTHÍnii TBopn, hkí MoacHa BÍ3HecTH 30 „yKpaiHCbKoi ihkojih" iiojibcbkoí jíiTepaTypn b nacn ÔapoKKa. Bace b Bipiuax nepmoro npeflcraBHHKa noaBCBKOi öaporacoBoi jiipHKH, m. CeMn-UIaHíHHCBKoro (BMep 1581) 3ycTpinaGMo HHTaTy 3 yKpaÍHCBKo'i híchí. JlaTHHCBKi BÍpHii na T6MH yKpamcBKoro jkhtth „Roxolania" KjiBOHOBH^a (1584), b 17 ct. Ix nacjiinyiOTt Tani nepjiHHH nojibCBKoi noe3Íi hk „Cgjihhkí" (InHJiii) III. IIlHMOHOBHna (1614 Ta 1628), noTÍM TBOpH ÔpaTÍB 3HMOpOBHHÍB: „PoKCOJIHHKÍ to gctb pycKG naHHH" (1654) Ta Cgjihhkí hobc pycKG" (1663, nncam pamnie). HapeuiTi — Bace 3rap;aHÍ yKpamcBKi ÍHTepMeflií b nojiBCBKÍH 3paMÍ TaBaTOBHna, jiíto-nnc GpjiHna, mo 3 nojiBCBKOio mobokj cnojiynac i nojiBCBKi norjiaan, HapeuiTi noienm nojiBCBKi Bipmi ,L[aHHaa BpaTKOBCBKoro (1697), yKpaÍHCBKoro uiaaxTHHa, mo HaBÍTB HajioJKHB y cayacöi yKpa'ÍHi ro-jioBOK). Ajie Heil cnHCOK 6yB 6h Ha33BHnaimo ROBrnn, hk6h mh bh-hhcjijijih TBopn He nepnioi BapTOCTH a6o BHnanKOBi yKpamcBKi ejie- MeHTH b TBOpaX nOJIBCBKOK) mobok) j CHJia yKpaiHCBKHX MOTHBÍB G B sipniax BHflaTHoro noeTa öapoKKa, B. IIoroHBKoro (1625-1696), 36a-raTHJiH yKpai'HCBKi ejieMeHTH nojiBCBKOi noe3Íi i yKpa'ÍHCBKi noera Ta nncBMeHHHKH, 60 KHCJieHHi nojiBCBKi Bipmi RpyKyBaB i JIa3ap Bapa- hobhh, nOJIBCBKÍ nponOBifli MaGMO i BÍ3 ľlpOKOnOBHHa, HHCaeHHl TBOpH nojieMÍHHoi jiixepaTypn 3pyKOBaHo nojibCBKOio moboio, Ta h hhc-jieHHi TBopn npaBocjiaBHHx, iHOfli h napajiejiBHO 3 cjiob'hhcbkhm BHflaHHHM (HaBÍTB BHnaHHH nenepcbKoi JlaBpn). Ule ôlaBiue 3Haň-uijih 6 mh, hkôh nonajiH uiyKaTH 3piÖHHX yKpaiHCBKHx mothbíb y nojiBCBKio jiiTepaTypi: xyT mh 3HaHiujiH 6 i nncaeHm BiflroMOHH yKpaiHCBKoí nicHi, (Hanp., cjiaBH03BÍCHy ,,KyjiHHy"), i He MeHin nnc- JieHHÍ mothbh yKpaÍHCBKOl ÍCTOpÍÍ B noeMaX Ta B nOJIBCBKHX xpoHi- Kax ÔapoKKa. Hlo neperjiany TaKoro icTopHKH jiiTepaiypn He 3po-6hjih, — BejíHKa HeenpaBep;jiHBÍcT& 3.0 yKpaÍHCBKo'i ôapoKKOBOi jiiTe-paTypn. BaraTo yKpamqiB kphgtbch i míhí ,,hojibcbkhmh" aBTopaMH JiaTHHCBKHX TBOpiß (flHB. EKCKypC II). 6. IIomíthhh BnjiHB yKpamcBKoro ÔapoKKa i Ha nÍBnenHOMy 3a-xofli, Ha BajiKaHax. ,Zlem,o mh Bace 3ranyBajiH (mpaMy Ko3anHHCBKO-ro Ta ňoro 3Ííuibhíctb míjk cepÔaMH). T. CTecpaHOBHn-BeHuaoBHn (18 ct.) HacjiinyG JI. BapaHOBnna. BejiH^esHe 3HaneHHH Majia 3aa niB3eHHnx cjiob'hh rpaMaTHKa MeaeTia CMOTpHHBKoro, mp, nepenpy-KOBaHa b cepôÍB 1755 p., 3poÔHjiaca ochoboio HppK0BHOca0B'aHÍ30Ba-Hoi cepôcBKo'í MOBH Ta npoTOTHnoM kíjibkox cepöcBKHx rpaMaTHK aac 30 rronaTKy 19 ct. y ôojirap BOHa caMe aaraa b ocHOBy cnpo6n Ha6jIH3HTH ÔoarapCBKy MOBy 30 HppKOBHOCaOB'HHCBKOl TOIHp. — B 313 PyMymi ojkhbhb n,epKOBHe jkhtth chh ytcpaiHCLKoro noexa IßaHa BejiHHKOBCbKoro, ,,CTapen,b" naiciô, hkhh yTBopHB TaM irijiy rmcb-MeHHHi^bKy niKOJiy Ta HKoro cJiOß'aHCbKa oßpoÖKa ,„H,o6potojiío6hh" Majia BejiHKe snaneHHa b ycix npaBocjiaBHHX cjiob'hh (HanMemne Ha yKpami). — MaeMo ň jiaTHHCbKy inajiiio HeßinoMoro aBTopa 3 1658 p., mo onHcye jkhth yKpamcbKHx naöaHiß y TaTpax (MaöyTb, KOJio ITonpafly). .ZJajibini po3HiyKH b jiaTHHCbKiu jiiTepaTypi Cjio- BaHHHHH, MaÖyTb, He 3aJIHHIäTbCH 6e3 HaCJliflKÍB. Ha CjIOBaHHHHi, B TpHaßi 6yB HaH3axinHÍHiHH ocepeflOK yKpamcbKoi' 6apoKKOBo"i jiiTe-paTypn (ne hocjiwkgho !). Hle flajii Ha ľíaxin, (am no Ahtjiíí Ta Ec-nami) THrayjiH HHCJieHHi yKpaÍHCbici cnyne'i — CTyneHTH 3axiflHÍx hikíji (HanpHKÍHB;i noon öapoKKo — b 18 ct. yKpamenb nojieTHKa Ha-bítb npodpecopyBaB y Kíjií, a IßaH XMejibHHnbKHH BHKJianaB hk n,o-i^eHT dpijiocodpiio b KeHÍťc6ep3Í), mp hehkhmh cboí'mh npan,HMH cnpn-hhhhjihch h no 36araneHHH — xoh i He3HaHHoro — 3axinmx HayKO-BHX jiiTepaTyp; naJieKO iíiKaBÍmmi i'x BnjiHB Ha pinHOMy rpyHTi (hub. BHme § 2). b Tajijie b HiMenHHHi KopoTKHň nac (kojio 1735 p.) HpyKyBajiHCH nepeKJiann HÍMen,bKHX ôorocjiOBCbKHx TBopiß Ta ny~ xoBHHx niceHb C. TonopcbKoro na THnoBy ôapoKKOBy cjioB'HHO-yKpa- lHCbKy MOBy. 7. HapeniTi, ôapoKKOBa JiiTeparypa — 30KpeMa Bipni Ta npaMa — nyJKe cnpHHHHHjiacH no po3BHTKy Haponnoi noe3ÍI. BapoKKO ôyjio y n,ijioMy cbítí 3 Hboro norjinny ny>Ke rniinHe. He Kancynn BHte npo HaniBMÍTHHHHx aßTopiß (Mapych Hypai'BHa) HaponHHx niceHb 3 na-cíb ôapoKKa, mojkcmo KOHKpeTHo ôaHHTH, hk HaponHa nicHH nepež-MaG ejieMeHTH cthjiícthkh 6apoKKOBo'í Bipmi, xoH 3 npyroro 6oKy, ôapoKKo caMo Mae neBHnn Haxnji no HaponHoi noe3ii i nepnae 3 11 CKap6HHn;i 3aco6n BJKe TOMy, m;o onna 3 nmHocTen noe3Íi* hjih 6a-poKKOBoro aBTopa e iľ pÍ3Ho6apBHÍCTb: onny 3 6apB i naG HaponHa Tpannn;ÍH. Mh HaBMHCHe BJKe 3ynnHHJiHCH Ha BHíHTKy npnnoBinKH, ajie no3a MeacaMn Toro, inp BJKe CKa3aHe, 3HaiißeMo npnnoBinKH b ycix nponoBÍnHHKÍB ôapoKKa, b ycix „jiiTonHcax", nacTO b Bipmi; xapaKTepncTHHHO, inp nj npnnoBinKH nonacTH nepeKJianeHO 3 jiaTH-hh, nonacTH yTBopeHo caMHMH aBTopaMH, nonacTH b3hto 3 ycT Ha-pony. TaK caMo nopyn BipniiB, nncaHHx 3a cxeMaMH ôapOKKOBOi noeTHKH, 3ycTpinaGMo Bipmi, in,o cnpaBjíaiOTb BpaJKeHHH flKHxocb „MOHTaHíiB" 3 HaponHHx niceHb. Ta ů n,H Tešia me HeflocTarabo c poöJieHa nocjiinJKeHHHM. 8. Po3yMÍGTbCH, HeMac icTopHHHHX enox, m,o bhpoöhjih 6 xon 6h S b MejKax jiHme onHici Kpamn aôo Hapony, enHHy, onHocTaiiHy ineojioriio. HaßnaKH, 3ne6ijibina jkhtth nyxoBHoi cnijibHOTH Sne HiJiHxoM onHonacHoro po3BHTKy nojiHpHO-npoTHJiejKHHx ineojioriö. Ajie 3 TaKoro BinnajieHoro nyHKTy norjinny, hkhm e Hama cynaCHÍCTb 3U cynpoTH öapoKKa, mohcjihbo npöanHTH b najieicoMy MHHyjiOMy 17-18 bíkíb neBHi b c i m xeniaM Toro nacy cnijibm pncn. Mh npo hhx yace roBopHJiH (V, A Ta B), Ajie niaKpecjiHMo HaŽBaíKJiHBinie in,e h TyT. Ineojioria yKpai'HCbKoro öapoKKa, 3ajiHinaioHOi caMocTiímocTH yKpa'ÍHCbKoro Hapony Ta cnpnajia BHpoôJieHHK) neBHoro repor-mo-JiHn,apcbKoro ineajiy nojii-THHHoro piana, hk 6h neô ineaji He 6yB najieKníí bíh, cyBOpoi híhchoc-TH. MojKHa i b TOMy i b TOMy 3n,o6yTKy in,eojiorií yKpaÍHCbKoro 6apoK-Ka BÔanaTH ÔaraTo bíh/gmhhx pne. Ajie HeMaG cyMHißy, 1110 n,i oÖHima SfloôyTKH BiflirpajiH HHMajiy pojiio b nyxoBHOMy jkhttí YKpamn e 19 ct. 3oKpeMa, bohh yTpHMyBajín yKpamnÍB poBrnô nac bíjj npHHHHTTa aöcTpaKTHO-yToniHHHX in,eojiorÍH Ta cnpnajiH yTpHMaHHio jiiiepaTyp-ho'í Ta Haii,ioHajibHoi Tpannnii' b Haií6e3HanÍHHÍnii nacn Ta b HaôcKpyT-híhihx oÔCTaBHnax. HHMajie 3HaneHHa Majín fi tí inijibHimi 3b'h3kh, b hkí CTajia YKpaiHa 3 naeiß ôapoKKa 3 3axinHbOK> KyjibTypoio. XpHCTHHHCbKa KyjibTypa yKpa'ÍHCbKoro öapoKKa BHTBopnjia Ta 3a-Kpinnjia neBHná nrapniHň norjian, Ha „sobhíiuhg" b pejiiriímiH Ta ö Han;ioHajibHÍH cepepi; „3obhíuihí" pnen He 3naBajiHca BHce TaKHMH BajKJiHBHMH, HK ije BBaacaB, Hanp., IßaH BHHieHCbKHH Ta ö 6araTO 3 noro cynacHHKiB; thm caMHM 3arocTpHBca norjian, y „BHyTpiuiHG". 3H0By pocHTb KHHyTH norjian, Ha ToronacHy cycinHio MocKBy, uioô noôaHHTH 3HaneHHH ijboro 3np6yTKy: Ha YKpami 6yB aôcojiiOTHO HeMOJKJIHBHH pOCÍHCbKHH „pacKOJi" Ta „CTapoÖpHHHeCTBo". MoíKHa roBopHTH npo Te, inp ßapoKKO, 3acBo'ÍBmH ejieMeHTH 3axin,Hboi Kyjib-TypH, cnpHHjio neBHOMy JierKOBaacHOMy CTaBjíeHHio np xpHCTHHHCb-K01 TpapHnii. Ajie He Tpeöa 3a6yBaTH ô Toro, mp b iioro Meaíax CTajín MOHCJIHBHMH TaKÍ* nopBHJKHHKH, HK CB. Ioacadp TopjieHKO, CB. J^MHTpO 315 TyriTajio, cb. IhhoKeHtíh IpicyTCbKHH aöo TaKHÖ MyaeHHK iflei hk ApceHiß MaiíieBHH. 3ranaBinH ocTaHHi lMeHa, mh nifliiiinaH & flo xapaKTepncTHKH ecTBa yKpaiHCbKo'i öapoKKOBoi KyabTypH, hk KyabTypH xpHcraaHCb-Ko'i. IIo3a MejKaMH öorocaoBii mh He 3HaöfleM0 b yicpamcbKOMy jiiTe-paTypHOMy ôapoKKy iMeH, mo MajiH 6 3HaHeHHH h noci: nopyn 60-rocjiOBCbKHX TBopiB cb. T^MHTpa TynTajia Tpeöa nocTaBHTH nepe-ayciM AflaMa 3epHÍKasa (ahb. )K. I) Ta (,^o6potojik>6hg" nai'cia Be-jiHHKOBCbKoro (3. 6). MaGMO 3 Toro nacy anine GflHHy cnpoöy (piao-cocpi^iHo-ôorocaoBCbKoi CHHTe3H, ana, xon y fleTaaax i He opHrmaab-Ha, aae b niaoMy g caMOCTiíiHoio TBopnoio KOHir,enii,ieio, mp II 3HaneH-HH nepexoflHTb 3a paMKH noro nacy. lie CHCTeMa CKOBoponn. lipo nio CHCTeMy He Miene tobophth TyT. He MoaceMo 3ynHHHTHca TyT i Ha aeaKHx HayKOBHx flpiömiHHx, aae BaaiaHBHx flocaraeHHax (Bace 3 18 BiKy). Aae 3raflKa npo Hanöiabini ifleoaorinm flocaraeHHH yic-pai'HCbKoro öapoKKa HaaeacHTb flo xapaKTepncTHKH fioro arrepaTyp- HOl TBOpHOCTH. 9. IHpap HaD;ioHaabHoI BapTOCTH öapoKKOBOi aiTepaiy-pn, to, po3yMÍGTbca, BOHa He npHHHiaa flo BacHTKy HapoflHoi mobh; aae aiTepaTypHa MOBa He MycHTb 6yTH o6oB'a3KOBO 6aH3bKa flo Ha-poflHoí, i öapoKKo fiinao neBHHM MoacaHBHM HiaaxoM p03BHTKy, aKoro HenpHnaTHicTb BHHBHaaca annie b kíhití 18 cTopŕraa, Koan 3 Meac HaponHoI GflHOCTH noMaay nonaan bhxoahth bhihí BepcTBH yKpam-cbKoro Hapony Ta noaiTHHHHÖ thít BHMaraB ,paflHKaabHoro" Kpn-TepiK) HaponHoI CBÍ30MOCTH: TaKHM panHKaabHHM KpHTepicM i cTaaa HapoflHa MOBa. Thm nacoM y 17-18 ct. TaKoro KpHTepiio me He 6yao Tpe6a. Aae 6yao 6 Tpe6a, hk y kohíhíh mobí, neBHoi HopMaaÍ3an,ii MOBHO-CTHabOBoi Ta opTorpa(pi*íHoí. JJyxoBHa uiKoaa He cnpoMoraa-ca Ha KepÍBHHH,TBo Ha n,bOMy noai: npaBonHCHo'i HopMaai3aniI He Biflôyaoca, — nonacTH, MoacaHBo, i nepe3 3b'h3Kh 3 íhihhmh cxiflHbo-caoB'aHCbKHMH HapoflaMH, Bifl HKHX, Hanp., 3aMÍHa ,,t," Ha „i" i t. n. yicpaiHCbicy MOBy piinyne 6h BinaiaHaa. PpaMaTHHHa HopMaaÍ3an;ÍH BiflÖyaaca anine flaa nepKOBHocaoB'aHCbKoí mobh (roaoBHe rpaMa-THKa MeaeTia CMOTpnnbKoro). ÜKorocb po3B'a3aHHH nHTaHHa npo B3aGMHHH MOBHoro piBHH Ta CTHaicTHHHoi cpyHKnii He Biflôyaoca B3a-raai. Hinoro He Morao öyra npnpoflHiHioro, amac, Hanp., BHMip nep-KOBHOcaoB'aHHJ(H3HH mobh ,,BHcoTOK)" 3aBflaHb TBopy (6orocjiyac6o-Ba KHHra, peairiHHHÖ TpaKxaT, HayKOBHH TBip, „bhcokhh" enoc i t. h. — ,,flo HH3y" 3 yce ôiabinoio aomíhikoio mobh HapoflHOi), a6o bhíh-TOK HapoflHo'i mobh anine b neBHHx ťaTyHKax (enirpaMa, ÔaíÍKa, KOMeflia tohto). TaKe HopMyBaHHa (npaBfla, nÍ3HÍnie) ijiaKOM cbí-flOMo Ta naaHOMipHO 6yao 3po6aeHe b pociöcbKiH aii-epaTypi (i, ahb- 316 hhm hhhom, hh He mn. BnjiHBOM t e o p 11 yKpamcbKoro nOXOflJKeH-Hfl), MeHHI njIflHOMipHO, aJie HOCHTb nOCJIIflOBHO BOHO 3(popMyBajio öapoKKOBy necbKy jiiTepaTypHo-MOBHy TpanHniio (ne öyjio nHTaHHH npo po3noniji (pyHKipH 6ijibin apxafaHoi' Ta MonepHimoi mobh) ; hjih yKpaiHCLKoi mobh uboro He BiflöyjiocH. ToMy MaeMo TaKi npHKJianH, hk pejiirifiHi TpaKTaTH raBpnjia ,ZJoMeH,bKoro — 3 MmiMajibHHM yjKHTKOM i^epKOBHocjioB'ÄHCBKoi" mobh; TOMy MaeMo MaöjKe cyTO-n,ep-KOBHocjioB'HHCbKi enirpaMH (Hanp., jj>iHTpa TynTajia Ta, 3naGTbCH, Toro caMoro .ZIoMeiiBKoro; Bnanac b om HepißHOMipmeTb mobh enir-paM BejiHHKOBCbKoro). TaKe HopMyBaHHa, 3BHHafiHo, chjilho 3m1hh-jio 6 i flajibniHH po3bhtok yKpaiHc&Koi JiiTepaTypHo'i mobh . . . Ajie Ha Jiinuie Ha ripnie, npo ne He Bapro ranaTH. HJonO ,,BiflCTaJIOCTH", ,,By3bKOCTH" Ta „HeHapOHHOCTH" TeMara- kh öapoKKOBoi" yKpamcbKoI JiiTepaTypH, to ni 3aKHn,h 6a3yiOTbCH na Henopo3yMiHHHX: TeMaTHKa yrtpamcbKoi 6apoKKOBo'i JiiTepaTypH — 3a HeBeJIHKHMH BHHHTKaMH - TaKa CaMa, HK TeMaTHKa CBiTOBOl 6a- pOKKOBOl JiiTepaTypH.' BinXHJieHHfl 3'HC0ByK>TbCH CKpyTHHM CTaHO- BHin,eM yKpaiHCLKoro Hapony, mp He ;h,o3bojihjio Ha ,,po3Kini" yTBO-peHHH BjiacHo'i kjihch jiiTepaTopiß. YKpaiHa BTpanajia cboix jiixepa-TypHHx npan,iBHHKiB, nip hhijih npan,iOBaTH Ha nyatoMy nojii, TaKOHt i nepe3 3arajibHy TeHneHniio öapoKKOBoi jikwihh np nyxoBoro MaH-n,piBHHn,TBa (HaööijibHiHH npencTaBHHK HiMenbKoro 6apoKKa JIhhö-Hiu, nepeBancHy 6ijibimcTb cboix TBopiß HanncaB JiaTHHCbKOio a6o ... cppaHii,y3bK0io mobok)). „BTpaTHJio" ix He yKpai'HCbKe öapoKKO, mp npn cnpHHTJiHBOMy nojiiTHHHOMy cxam, po3yMieTbCH, HHTajio 6h He 3pycH(piKOBaHi npn BHnaHHi a6o noJibCbKi TBopn cb. ^MHTpa Tyn-xajia, HßopcbKoro a6o BapaHOBHna, a Ix yKpaincbKi penaKnil a6o xoh nepeKJiajjjH, — a 19-hö BiK, inp noro KOHenmcTb icTopHHHoro po3BHTKy npHBejia np 3aHen6aHHH TaKo'i niKaBoi Ta — np neBHo'i Mipn — 6jiHCKyHoi CTopiHKH MHHyjioro, hk yKpamcbKe 6apoKKO. Ha nyxoBHi Ta Han,ioHajn>Hi n,iHH0CTi yKpai'HCbKoro 6apoKKa mh B>Ke BKa3yBajiH He pa3. ,3p irax niHHocTeß HeMoatJiHBO Ta He Tpeöa noBepiaTHCH, ajie mojkjihbo Ta noTpiÖHO Ix f,aKTyajii3yBaTH", 3poÖHTH KopncHHMH Ta njiiflHHMH fljiH HaiHoI cynacHocTH Ta hjih MafiöyTHboro. e k c k y p c n JIITEPATyPA JIATHHCBKOK) MOBOH) 1. 3 16-18 ct. nocTac yicpaiHCbKa JiiTepaTypa jiaTHHCbKoio mo- BOK). MoBa Hfl 6yjia MÜKHapOHHOK) MOBOK) OCBÍTH, b IloJIbini TaKOJK MOBOK) KaHijejifipii i niKOJiH. B kíhiíí 16 ct. ynpaiHCBKa niKOJia (30K-peMa JlbBÍBCBKa 6paTCbKa) opieHTyBajiacH na HaBHauHfi rpeiibKOi MOBH. yHHKHyTH BJKHTKy JiaTHHCbKOl He 6yjIO TOfli MOJKJIHBO, Í BJKe 0CTp03BKa, nOTÍM KHlBCBKa niKOJiH nOHajIH BHKJiaHH JiaTHHCBKOl MOBH Ta jiaTHHCBKOK» mobok). 3 HaciB IleTpa MornjiH ne CTaJIO Hop-mok), a rpeubKa MOBa Bifliňnijia na apyrnä njiíiH. ÜHCaHHfl JiaTHHCBKOK) MOBOK) ÖyjIO nOTpeÖOK) B 6orOCJIOBCBKÍH nojieMÍn;i. I niöcHO, Bate b 16 ct. noHHHaeTbca uieper TBopiB, nnca-HHX yKpa'ÍHii,íiMH JiaTHHCBKOK) mobok). Bíjibhiíctb ix, nipnpaBna, He HajiejKHTB ho KpacHoro nncbMeHCTBa b ByacnoMy ceHci cJiOBa, ajie b3hth no yBarn uro jiaTHHCBKy jiiTepaTypy 6yjio 6 KopncHO i hjih nOBHOro BHHCHeHHH 3MÍCTy Ta TeHHeHH,ÍH TBOpÍB yKpaiHCBKOK) MOBOK), a me BajKjiHBiuie hjih BHHCHeHHa HHíepeji ra xapaKTepy yKpaÍH- CBKOl CTHJlicTHKH. OflHaKOBO BaJKJIHBHH Í TOH CpaKT, inO OCBÍHeHa, XOH OH Í HOCHTb noBepxoBO nioflHHa MycHJia b hikojií npoHTH nepe3 HHTaHHH jiaTHH-cbKHX aBTopiß — „noraHCBKHx", cTapoxpHCTHHHCBKHX Ta cyaacHHx. JXjih BHHiKOJieHHH cTHJiK) HaHÖijiBHiy pojiio BinirpaBaan IJmepoH Ta Epa3M, TBOpH IX 3aMOBJIHJIHCH HJIH HIKÍJILHOrO BJKHTKy b BejIHKÍÍl KÍJIBKOCTÍ. 2. Ornany yKpaÍHCbKoí jiÍTepaTypn JiaTHHCBKOK) mobok) ine He-Mae, HeMae HaBÍTB hkhxocb ninroTOBHHX npanb Ha n,io TeMy. OTace, MH MyCHMO OÔMeJKHTHCJI JIHHie Ha 3arajIBHHX BKa3ÍBKaX. Bace b 16 ct. 3ycTpinaeMO yKpamnJB cepen npencTaBHHKiB nojib-CbKHx npoTecTaHTCbKHX ceKT, a b kíhhí BÍKy cepen ymaTCbKHx nncb-MeHHKÍB. 3oKpeMa SaHCKyHHH npoTecTaHTCbKHH nyôainHCT, CTaHic-jiaB OjKexoBCBKHH (1513-1566) e 3a BjiacHHM BH3HäHHíiM „Gente Ro-xolani" i nncaB cBoe ím'h no jiaTHHi „Orichovius" Ta me 3 noflaTKOM „Ruthenus". BKa3yBaH0 Ha CHMnaTii 3eMnaKa IsaHa BnnieHCBKoro, Mapnima KpoBinBKoro (1501-1573) ho npaBocaaBHOi nepKBH. Onn-HHJiHCH OKpeMi npencTaBHHKH yKpaiHCBKo'i nijiaxTH h cepen Taöopy 318 panHKajibHHX npoTecTaHTÍB, ,,coh,íhíhh" a6o „apiHH" i b3hjih fleHKy ynacTb y pejiiriiraiň nojieMÍn,i nacy. 3. Bijibin ÍHTeHCHBHa jíiTepaTypna nÍHJibHicTb jiaTHHCbKoio mo- bok) p03BHBaGTbCH B 17 Ta 18 CT. BHKJiaflH JiaTHHCbKOK) mobok) b KHÍBCbKiá AKafleMÍÍ, nÍ3HÍnie b íhiiihx bhcokhx niKOJiax (Ilepeac-jiaBCbKa CeMÍHapia, XapKÍBCbKHH KOjieťiiOM) npHBOflHTb flo CKJianaH-Hfi jiaTHHCbKHX pyKonncHHx niflpyHHHKÍB: nepenyciM 3ycTpiaaGM0 b apxiBax niHpynHHKH noeTHKH, cpijiococpii Ta 6orocjiOBÍí. Maňace Bifl KOJKHoro npocpecopa nnx npeflMeriB 3aaHinnaHCH Táni aaTHHCbKi 3anHCKH, mp B Binnncax noTpanaaan ň flaaeKo Ha niBHin Ta cxifl, 60 b 18 ct. íx KJiajiH b ocHOBy HaBnaHHH b ceMÍHapiHX no bcííí Pocifi-cbkíh flepJKafii. 3 niflpyHHHKÍB noeTHKH BHflpyKyBaHo nÍ3HÍrue, Hanp., „IIoeTHKy" npoKonoBHna (De arte poetica. 1786) HeTHnoBy fljia 6a-poKKa (flHB. V. E. 7). 3 TpaKTaTÍB 6orocjioBCbKnx BHflpyKyBaHo b HiMeHHHHi 4 tomh 1782-1784 6orocjioBÍI IIpoKonoBHHa. IJh KHHra flecaTKH poKÍB bjkhbaaaca hk niflpynHHK no yKpaÍHCbKHX Ta pocin-cbKHX npaBocjiaBHHX ceMiHapiax. Bnánian npyKOM i oKpeMi TpaKTa-th: „KaMeHb BT.pbi" HBopcbKoro (1728), 36ipna CTaTTeíi IIpoKono-BHaa ,,Miscellanea sacra" (1745), Ta HaHiimHininH 3 ycix 6orocaoBCb-khx TpaKTaTÍB KHÍBCbKoi niKoan: ,,De processione Spiritus Sancti" Afla-Ma 3epHÍKaBa (hímuh 3 noxoflaceHHH, BHflaHO 1773 p.). npnmicyBa-ho ITpoKonoBnaeBi i npnHaííMHi nacTHHH BiflnoBifli Ha anrimpoTec- TaHTCbKHH „KaMÍHb" HBOpCbKOrO, ÍIKy BHflaB nifl CBOIM ím'hm gh- cmchh npocpecop Byflfleyc. Ili 6orocaoBCbKÍ npanj 6yjin flo 20 ct. oc-hobok) 3HanoMCTBa 3axiflHÍx 6orocaoBÍB 3 npaBocaaBHoio 6orocaoBÍ-6k>. HHMajio yHÍHTCbKHX TpaKTaTÍB nncaHO yKpaÍHiíflMH; TaK caino íi flemp 3 „apÍHHCbKoi" JiÍTepaTypn, noaaCTH Bace 3a KopflOHaMH IloJib-mi, na BHraaHHi. HapeniTÍ, b yropcbKOMy yHÍBepcnTeTÍ b caoBanbKui TpHaBÍ (flo 1777 p., kojih noro nepeHeceHo flo IleniTy) BHKaaflaao KÍabKa 3aKapnaTCbKHX yKpamniB, Bifl hkhx aHninancH n flpyKOBam TBopn. HeflocTaTHbO noKHinp flpcaiflaceHO niflpyHHHKH noeTHKH (mp míhc íhuihm noflaioTb i caoB'HHCbKHH MaTepiaa npnKJiafliB), 30BCÍM He flo-cjiiflaceHO niflpyHHHKH (piaocotpii, 3 hkhx BHflpyKOBaHo 1752 p. „Uni-'* versae matheseos brevis institutio" TpHaBCbKoro npocpecopa AHTOHa PesnubKoro. Bace pa niflpyHHHKÍB noeTHKH yKpaiHCbKi aBTopn nnniyTb jia-thhcbkí Bipmi. Aae nnmyTb ix i He3aaeacHo Bifl nboro. HBopcbKOMy HajieacHTb Miac íhuihm rapHa eaeria — npomaHHH 3 cbogio 6i6aio-TeKOK), IIpoKonoBHHeBi — noxBajia MicTy KncBy, KiabKa aaTHHCbKHx BipmÍB 3ajiHmnaocH Bifl CKOBopofln. 319 HapeniTi, Mafiace Bei iihclmöhhhkh pÍ3HHX HanpjiMiB jihihhjih HHMajIO JiaTHHCBKHX JIHCTÍB, nOHaCTH BHnaHHX (Hanp., 150 JiaTHHCB- KHX jihctíb CKOBopopjH), hkí b nyci ôapoKKOBoi Tpannnii ji i t e p a-TypHO odpopMjieHi i TOMy MOJKyTb Tem 6yTH híhhhmh nJKepe-jiaMH 3jih flocjiiflHceHHH noeTHKH Toro aacy Ta ineojiorií h ocbíth as- TOpÍB JIHCTÍB. HaBÍTB í b JIHCTaX CJIOB'íIHCBKHMH MOBaMH 3yCTpÍHaGMO jiaTHHCBKÍ ycTynn, nirraTH a6o oKpeMi dpopMyjibOBaHHfl, 30KpeMa mt-mp aBTopH noTpeöyBajiH TepMÍHOJioriaHoro BHpa3y hjih CBoeľ nyM- KH. KpÍM TOro JiaTHHCBKÍ ypHBKH, HHTaTH, nOCHJiaHHfl Ô Hlíjlí njIJIHH nponoBineii 3Haxon,HMo b cjiob'hhcbkhx nponoBinax yKpamcbKHx npOnOBÍflHHKÍB. Becb n\eň MaTepinji Henpcjiin.JKeHo Ta HaBÍTB me He 3Í6paHO np-Kynn. E K C K y P C III JIITEPATyPA „HAIIIOHAJTBHOrO BI^PO^JKEHHa" 1. JIÍTepaTypHi Ta B3arajii íctophhhí enoxH BancKo noHHHaTH neBHoio aaTOK>. IToHaTOK hoboí yKpai'HCBKoí JiiTepaTypn Bce >k 3bh-MaÔHo naTyiOTb poKOM 1798, poKoM BHXOAy b cbít „EHeínH" Kot-jiapeBCBKoro. H,k> a^Ty BCTaHOBjíeHO 3 noBHHM npaBOM: bhxía „EHe'i-Ah" 6yB noaaTKOM yjKHTKy h a p o a h o i yKpaÍHCBKoľ mobh hk jiiTepaTypHoí mobh. 3anpoBanHteHHH jkhboí* HapoAHoí mobh AP jiiTepaTypH 3obcím He o6oB'H3KOBe; cepea cjiob'hh 3 TaKOK) no-cjiíaobhíctk), hk b yKpai'Hu;íb npHÔHHTo HapoAHy MOBy 3a JiiTepa-TypHy jiHHie y cjiobíhhíb Ta 6ijiopycÍB. Ha yKpalm hh 3MÍHa jii-TepaTypHoi* mobh 6yjia 3B'H3aHa 3 po3bhtkom HaH,ioHajiBHoi" cbíao-mocth, ajie HaiiioHajiBHHH pyx hk TaKHŽ noaaBCH b hobhx (popMax JiHHie KijiBKa flecHTHjiiTB nÍ3HÍuie. HoBa JiiTepaTypHa MOBa, hh Ha-poAHa hh HeHapoAHa, He MycHTb 6yra 3b'H3aHa 3 hobow Hamo- HaJIBHOK) CBÍAOMÍCTK). Ajie Ha yKpaiHÍ TaKHH 3B'H30K BCTaHOBHBCH, i nÍ3HÍnii noKOJiÍHHH BBajKajiH MOBHy pecpopMy KoTJiHpeBCbKoro no-MaTKOM hoboí' aoôh HaijioHajiBHoro jkhtth. Hk noßaHHMo, He híji-Kom cnpaBeAJiHBO. 2. nCHXOJIOriHHHH 3B'h30K, IH,0 BCTaHOBHBCH MÍJK HapOAHOK) MO-BOK) HK OCHOBOK) JIÍTepaTypHOÍ MOBH Ta Hai^iOHaJIbHOK) CBÍAOMÍCTK), Maß neBHÍ JIÍTepaTypHi HacjiÍAKH. Pojiobhhm HacjiiflKOM 6yjio Te, mp bch jiÍTepaTypa HapoAHoio mobok» aobto ôyjia 3b'n3aHa rjisi cbíaomocth Hau;ioHajibHHx kíji b neBHy gahíctb. naToc HauioHaJiB- HOro BÍApOAJKeHHH 3aKpHBaB flJIH aBTOpÍB, HHTaHÍB i HaBÍTB KpH-THKÍB i pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍCTB JIÍTepaTypHOrO CMaKy, i p03X0AHíeHHH b CBÍTorjiHAÍ oKpeMHx aBTopiß Ta jiiTepaTypHHx Te^iö. B toö ^ac, hk jiiTepaTypa cBÍTOBa b 19 ct. 3Hae pÍ3Ko 3(popMOBaHÍ Ta BÍAOKpeM-jieHi oAHa bía oaho'í Te^ií, mo noHHHaioTB ^acTo cbog icHyBaHHH HaBÍTB 3 ny6jiÍKaiíii JiiTepaTypHHx „MamcpecTÍB", b yKpaiHCBKoro nHCBMeHHHKa Ta ^HTana MaĺbKe ao kíhh;h BÍKy He ôyjio BHpoÖJie-Horo noayTTH pÍ3HOMaHÍTHocTH JiiTepaTypHHx cthjiíb Ta iAeoJioriä. nonacTH Bce CTapnie nncbMeHCTBo HapoflHoio moboio npocTo npira-MEJiH, nonacTH nepeTOBMaayBajiH áoro b Ayci cboíx norjiHAÍB: TaK nÍ3HÍuiHH HapoAOJiKDÖHHH peajiÍ3M BÍABiyKysaB CTapaHHO HapoAO- 321 jik>6hí ejieMeHTH He jnmie y KoTaapeBCBKoro, a h TyjiaKa-ApTeMOB-cbkoto Ta íi y íhihhx CTapuiHx nHCBMeHHHKÍB, a npeacTaBHHKH noMÍp-KOBaHHx noraan,íb HaBMHCHe ,,3a6yBaaH" npo coiiiaaBHim Ta noJii- THHHHÍí paflHKaJlÍ3M IIIeBneHKa i T. fl. 3. Ajie ne jinnie HHTam Ta kphthkh He nonyBajiH pÍ3Hmii ai- TepB,TypHHX HanpíIMÍB MÍHC yKpa'ÍHCbKHMH nHCbMeHHHKäMH 19 BÍKy. H,hx pÍ3HHD;i> nonacTH, flincHo, He ßyjio: He Öyjio TOMy, rap Jiítg-paTypa, HKa hobok) mobok) nonaaaca ,,3H0By", jinnie noMaay, po6-jiHHH ,,nepini KpoKH", po3n,iaaaaca, po3nanaaaca Ha Temľ, ■— nn-(pepeHi^iioBajiaca. ,3p toto nncBMeHHHK nÍ3HÍnioro nacy, 3 hobhmh jíiTepaTypHHMH noraanaMH, nonysaB y KoamoMy CTapOMy nncBMeH-hhkobí, ino nncaB HaponHoio mobok>, ne Bopora a6o cynepHHKa, a coK)3HHKa, 3 hkhm ííoro 06'enHye b neBHy ayxoBy n,iaicTB yace BjKHTOK Tiel caMo'i jiiTepaTypHo'i mobh. Yci imcBMeHHHKH, He 3Ba-HCaiOHH Ha pi3HHu;io i'x COniaaBHOTO CTaHOBHIUa, noraan,ÍB, cthjiio h t. n,., noHyBajiH ce6e HJieHaMH tíg'í caMo'i Hai^ioHajibHo-iaeojioriH-Hoi poflHHH. Up, po3yMÍeTbca, 6yaa iaK>3Ía. Aae h,h ÍJ1103ÍH npHBO-anaa po Toro, mp nÍ3HÍ nncBMeHHHKH, 6e3 yBarn np BaacHoro jiiTepaTypHoro noraany, HacainyBaan CTapniHX nHCBMeHHHKÍB. TaKe HacaiflyBaHHa cnpnaao neBHiä CTaťHanii aÍTepaTypHHx (popM, a nonacTH h nepeniKOflacaao mnHBinyaaBHc-My po3bhtkobí c-KpeMHX nHCBMeHHHKÍB. JIÍTepaTypHa TBopmcTB nÍ3HÍuiHX nacÍB HaB'a3yBa-aaca nacTo np TBopÍB, BH3HanHHx y po3BHTKy HanioHaaBHo'í aÍTepa-TypH, aae nepecTapianx (popMaaBHo („KOTaapeBinHHa", naeKaHHH ÔaHKH i t. p.). 4. HaponHa MOBa hobo'í aÍTepaTypn npHBeaa h po Toro, mp yKpaiHCBKa aÍTepaTypa 3aHan,T0 aoBro 3aTpHMyeTBca Koao Toro flacepeaa, 3 hkoto HOBa aÍTepaTypHa MOBa Mycnaa nepnaTH, — Koao Aaíepeaa HaponHoľ noe3Íi. TeMaTHKa Ta (ppa3eoaoria aÍTepaTypn ne-pe3 lie nonacTH 3ByacyBaaHca ra 3H0By TaKH 3aTpHMyBaaHca b cbog- My p03BHTKy. Aae 3ByaceHHH TeMaraKH aÍTepaTypn Maao me ô imny npn-HHHy. HaponHa MOBa CTaaa aiiepaTypHoio He ranne 3 npocTo'f npHM-XH KoTaapeBCBKoro Ta hoto nocainpBHHKÍB. PeaaBHoio ochobokd UBoro 6yB toh cpaKT, iqo Ha YKpaiHi neBHÍ KyaBTypno aKTHBHi Bep-ctbh HanpHKÍHiii 18 ct. neHan,ioHaaÍ3yBaaHca: 30KpeMa BHm,a maax-Ta Ta BHini Koaa n.yxoBeHCTBa. 3aBnaHHHM yKpamcBKoro Hanio HaaBHoro pyxy npoTaroM ycBoro 19 ct. 6yao BHTBopeHHa BaacHHX KyaBTypHo-npoBÍaHHX Kia. IIpocTe BÍnTBopeHHa, „pefeHepania" BTpaneHHX BepcTB He Baaaaca; npoBÍaHy poaio nepeÔHaaH imni BepCTBH, HaHOBO BHTBOpeHÍ. BTpaTHBmH npOBÍflHÍ BepCTBH HaiTOH- KÍHni 18 ct., yKpa'ÍHCBKa Haiýa 3po6Haaca Han,ieio „HenoBHOio". ,,HenoBHOio" CTaaa i aÍTepaTypa (rhb. naai). BecB ceHc i 3MÍct 322 yKpaiHCbKoro Han,ioHaabHoro pyxy npoTaroM 19 ct. CKaaaaBca 3 „flonoBHeHHa" HaqioHajibHoro opraHÍ3My 30 neBHoro KyabTypno-caMocTiÖHoro CTaHy. íle neaerne 3aBnaHHH b ccpepi jiiTepaTypn no-aaraao míjk íhhihm y TOMy, in,o6 yTBopHTH noBHy CHCTeiny jíiTepa-TypHHX dpopM. H,e apBro He BnaBaaoca, thm ôiabine, mo Ha nepe-hikohí cTOfljiH pÍ3HÍ cycniabHi Ta nojíiTHHHÍ npoijecH. JliTepaTypa íhojií apcaraaa nieí mcth, ajie no tím 3H0By npHXoaiiaa 306a nin.-ynany. TojioBHe: „HenoBHa" JliTepaTypa He Morjia 3anpBoabHHTH noTpeö caMoro KyabTypHo-npoBinHoro mapy. BirrBopeHHH caMO-noBijibHoi jíiTepaTypH Bnaaoca Jinme yKpaiHCBKÍH Monepmo jíiTe-paTypi 3 11 pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍCTK) jíiTepaTypHHx ťaTyHKÍB Ta Tenia. Ajie TyT Ha nepeniKonl CTajia nojíiTHKa, — pocíhcbkhh öijiBmoBHUBKHH ypan HaBMHCHe yTpHMyc HainoHaabHi JíiTepaTypH, KpiM pociöcbKo'i, Ha piBHi „HenoBHHx" jíiTepaTyp. 5. IIa xapaKTepHCTHKa inaoi aiTepaTypn 19 BÍKy hk ařrepa-TypH „HainoHaabHoro BinpoaaceHHa'', a6o mp jiimne aiTepaTypn „HaiíioHaaBHoro npoôyaaceHHa", npHBonHTb Hac no neBHHX bhchob-kíb inpap Hauioro naabinoro BHKJiaay, HenpcTarabo nH(pepeHn,ÍHO-BaHa 3a HanpaMaMH ařrepaTypa Moace 6yTH jinnie nonacra; i yMOB-Ho noflijieHa Ha po3n,iaH 3a jíiTepaTypHHMH TeaiaMH; yicpamcbKa JliTepaTypa 19 ct. Mae npcHTb BHnaTHHx nHCBMeHHHKÍB 3 HeBHpa3-hhm aiTepaTypHHM oöaHaaaM: poMaHTHKÍB, inp HacainyioTb tpopMH a6o CTHjib KJiaCHiíH3My, peaaicTÍB, akí TBopaTb y Tpaßiniii" poMaH-thkh, a to h nepeÖMaiOTb neBHi eaeMeHTH KaacHaHo'i noeTHKH. /Jeani Teaii", penpe3eHT0BaHi b íhhihx aiTepaTypax, Ha Yitpami 30B-cím He po3BHHyaHca. A po Toro yKpaÍHCBKa aiTepaTypa onnnnaaca, BTpaaaioaH aacaMH BaacHe ooanaaa, nia, pimyaHM BnanBOM aiTepa-TypH CHabHHx cycinm; ire He Tan 6h h niKonnao (60 i pocincbKa i noabCbKa aiTepaTypn nepeacHBaan nepioa, po3KBÍTy), hk6h n,i ay-aci BnaiiBH He BinipBaan yKpamcbKoi aiTepaTypa Bia, mnpmoi cdpepn aiTeparypH cbítoboi Ta hk6h ni BnanBH 3aBacn,H 6yan npôpe nepe-TpaBaeHi Ta TBopao nepepoôaem b 3B'a3Ky 3 noTpeôaMH Ta 3aBnaH-hhmh BaacHoro acHTTa. Orace, HaM y a,aabinoMy poBepeThca íhohí amue „yMOBHo" po3noa.iaaTH neBHi 3'aBHina 3a aiTepaTypHHMH npHHiíHnaMH noniay Ta bhxojihth 3i cdpepn yKpaiHCBKoi aiTepaTypn Ha ayace noae, He 3aBacn.h naiaHe. 3MÍHaeTbca BHKaan. i b minoMy BÍn,HoineHHÍ: noaHHaioaH 3 po-MaHTHKH a po3nofliaaio MaTepiaa He 3a aiTepaTypHHMH ťaTyH-KaMH, a 3a aBTopaMH. Hacn poMaHTHKH Ha Yiípami pimyae 3mí-HKDiOTb ncHxoaoriio aBTopis Ta BiajioineHHa aBTopa po TBopy: aioaHHa b TaKin Mipi cToiTb y neHTpi yBarn poMaHTHaHoro cbíto-raany, mp TBopn caMi 3aBacn,H roBopaTb npo ľx amcHoro a6o 3mí-iuyBäHHH 3 cjiobom „kjihchk" b jHinoMy 3HaMeHHÍ — nHCbMemiHK, mo Hajie-3KHTB pfl HeseJíHKoro KOJia Haň6iJii>niHX (mobjihb „kjihciuihhx") nHCbMeHHHKis flaHoro Kapoty, 326 enirpaMa, i t. n.. JXjih kojkhoto 3 nnx ťaTymciB 6yjiH neBHi Hop-MH, mono 3MÍCTy Ta inonp (popMH. Hkhk) hkhmhcb thtiobhmh (popMaMH KJiHCHD;H3My nÍ3HÍine 3naBaaHca enonea, Tparenia Ta on,a -— to ne noaacTH noMHJiKa icTopir-rnoí nepcneKTHBH, 60 KaacHHH3M nonaB HaĚJiinuii 3a hobhx naciB 3pa3KH i TaKHx ťaTyHKÍB, hk ko-Menm, 6aĚKa, caTnpa. Hkiho nÍ3HÍnie 3a thiiobhx repoiB TBopiB kjih-CHHH3My BBaJKajiH napiB Ta nÍBooriB, to i n,e noMHJiKa, — KaacHUH3M 3HaöinoB Miene i naa npocToi aionHHH b Meacax neBHHx ťaTyHKÍB — Bace 3ranaHHx KOMenn, 6aÖKH, carapn, nonaera i inHai'f Ta Jiipinffloro jiHCTa, nonacTH i npo30Boro enocy. B n,nx ocTaHHÍx ra/ryHKax He 6paKyBajio h ÍHTepecy no cynacHOCTH, oTHte 3aKHn,H nepeBarn B KJIHCHHH3MÍ ÍCTOpíl Ta aÖCTpaKTHHX T6M He HÍaKOM CnpaBeflJIHBÍ. Ajie b nopÍBHHHHi 3 po3noflijioM TeMaTHKH b JiiTepaTypi noKJiflCHn-híh pÍ3HHnH 6yjia nyace BejíHKa. HaBÍTb i naa mobh npocToi aionHHH b JiiTepaTypi KaacHnH3My He ôpaKyBaao míchh; ajie 3hob TaKH b Meacax neBHHx ťaTyHKÍB, 30KpeMa 6aéKH Ta neaKHx npyro- pHflHHX ťaTyHKÍB. 4. HKpa3 n,i ,,Memn BaacjiHBÍ" ťaTyHKH naöyan b yKpamcbKOMy KaacHnH3MÍ Han,3BHHaHHoi Barn, He ôyan ťaTyHKH TpaBecTiimi; Ha YKpaiHi ine ú Tenep, MaôyTb, aimne 3HaöoMi HHTanaM, híjk nemne, 60 npeflCTaBHHKOM nnx ťaTyHKÍB e míhc íhhihm ,,nepenHH,bOBaHa" „EHei'na" KoTaapeBCbKoro. I „TpaBecTiHHľ' (popMH HaB'a3yBaaHca po aHTHHHoi TpaflHn;ii, nepenycÍM po nceBnproMepÍBCbKoi „Bííihh MHHien 3 HíaôaMH" a6o TaKHx tbopíb, hk napofliOHa anoTeo3a ím-nepaTopa KaaBn,ia, HarracaHa CeHeKOK). „TpaBecTÍHHHH" acaHp ic-HyBaB npoTaroM yciei icTopii eBponeöcbKoI arrepaTypn. B HbOMy 30KpeMa 3HaxoflHao naa ce6e BHxin, npHpojme CTpeMaÍHHH aionHHH He 3aBHtn.H 3aaHHiaTHCa CepH03H0K> B MHCTeHTßi, MaTH B HbOMy HKycb cepepy, pe np3BoaeHa aerKÍCTb, 3a6aBKa, 6e3nocepen,Ha Bece-aicTb. Byaabo xotíb y cboíh chctcmí noeTHKH oÔMeacHTH MoataH-boctí TpaBecTÍHHoro acaHpy, np3BoaHBHiH anrue b Meacax „repo'iHHO- KOMÍHHOl noeMH" „HH3bKÍ" MOTHBH 3Í CípepH nOBCHKaeHHOrO HCHTTH Ta repoiB 3 thx Kia cycniabCTBa, mo He 3acayroByioTb Ha arrepa-TypHe ocBÍTaeHHH, — aae 3 thm, mp CTHab, mob He Ta CTHaicTHMHe oípopMaeHHH noeMH Mycnao BnoBHÍ BinnoBÍnaTH KaHOHOßi KaacHH-Hoi noeTHKH. Aae BHMorn Byaabo ninrpHMam nprncaanoM ííoro Baac-ho'í repoÍHHo-KOMÍHHoi noeMH „Haaoö", ne yTpHMaaHca. .ZJecb Ha Meacax noeTHKH KaacHHH3My 3aaHinHBca i CTapnô t mi „TpaBecTÍH-Hol" noeMH, ceÔTO noeMH, inp po3po6aiOBajia „bhcokí" tcmh b ,,HH3b-khx" mobí Ta CTHai. TaKi noeMH óyBaan b ycix arrepaTypax Kaacn-iíH3My. B yKpaiHCbKÍH — 3 TaKoi noeMH nonaBca hobhh nepion, ai-TepaTypHoro po3BHTKy. 327 5. JliTepaTypHa Teopia — He eniraa CHjia, nip BH3HaMaG coöoio jiiTepaTypy neBHo'i enoxH. JlixepaTypHa npaKTHKa 3aaeacHTb i Bin ifleojiorii CBoro nacy i Bin coinaabHoi CTpyKTypH cycniabCTBa. Ile-piofl KaacHD;H3My 6yB no bcíh Maäate Eßponi nepionoM t. 3b. ,,npo-CBÍneHoro a6coaiOTH3My". JTiTepaTypa HaßyBae b 3B*a3Ky 3 iiieio noaiTHMHOK) cpopMOK) cnenncpinHO „flBipcbKoro" xapaKTepy: iiefi xapaKTep MaiOTb aiTepaTypm tboph He anme b noaiTHMHHx neHT-pax, 3a6apBaeHHH aiTepaTypHHX rarepeciB bhihhx Kia nepenaGTbca HaBÍTt ao aiTepaTypHoí npoBiraiii. B yKpamcbKin aÍTepaTypi, hk nooa^HMO, 3a6apBaeHHa ne Maao noMirae. He GflHHa namBHa, aae Hanöiabin BnaHBOBa ifleoaoria nepiony aiTepaTypHoro KaacHHH3My g „npocBiHemcTb". npencTaBHHKH ,,npo-CBineHOCTH" nepeKOHaHi b TOMy, inp ochobhhh, HaHBHiirnn BHaB aion-cbKoro flyxy, ocHOBHa icTopHHHa cnaa g ,,po3yM". IpainoHaabHi cHan, Bee Te b acHTTi aioflHHH, cycniabCTBa Ta b icTopHHHOMy npo-neci, noro He Moacna ocVpyHTyBaTH po3yMOM, hkuio He Bin,KHnaGTi>CH niaKOM, to b KoacHOMy pa3i HenocTaTHBo 6epeTBca 30 yBarn npen- CTaBHHKaMH npOCBÍMeHOCTH. JXo hhx BOHa CTaBHTbCa 3 CKenCHCOM, xoaonpM Ta npe3HpcTB0M. JXo TaKHx ccpep, aid npocBiHemcTb irHo-pyG a6o HenoinHiOG, HaaeacaTb b gctbí CBOGMy „ipan,ioHaabHÍ" no-MysaHHa aionnHH, He3po3yMiai 3BHMai Ta Tpanmni, inp ix npocßi-nemcTb hk „3a6o6oHH", nepecyflH, BiflKHflaG. npocBineHicTt He po3y-míg ôaraTO nenoro b peairiÖHOMy acHTTi, 30KpeMa eaeMeHTiB nonyT-TGB01 noöoacHocTH, He po3yMÍG HainoHaabHoro nonyBaHHa a6o Soro pan,ioHaabHo nepeTOBManyc, He nJHHTb HapoflHHx 3BHHaiB Ta CTa-poBHHH, nocKiabKH tí i tí He g ijiaKOM ,,po3yMHÍ". Ccpepy noöoac-HOCTH npocBineHicTb 3ByacyG Ta nonacTH 3aMÍHK)G peairiio Mopaab-HÍCTK>, HainoHaabHe nonyTTa inaKOM 3aMÍHK»G flepacaBHHM Ta aHHac-thhhhm, 3BHHai niHHTb anine, nocKiabKH BOHH cBiflHaTb npo nep- BÍCHy „HeBHHHÍCTb" npOCTOl JIKfflHHH, iCTOpHHHy CTapOBHHy npmi- MaG He b TOMy, mo b híh 6yao cnenHcpiHHoro flaa i"i nacy, a b TOMy, mo b híh g 3araabHoaK>acbKoro Ta 6aH3bKoro hh KopncHoro (noB-naabHoro) flaa „npocBineHoi" cynacHocTH. £Lk ÔaHHMo, b ncnxoaorii nacy KaaCHHH3My HHMaao HeöesneK. 3ojcpeMa Ha yKpami coniaabHa CTpyKTypa Bene no 3ByateHHa aÍTe-paTypHoi TeMäTHKH, ineoaoria npocBineHocTH n° panioHaaicTHHHOi „cyxocTn" Ta irHopyBaHHa 6araTO nenoro b jkhttí, 30KpeMa TaKOi BaacaHBoi n^a aÍTepaTypn (aK i n-^a BcaKoro MHCTepTBa) ccpepn nonyBaHb. 6. KaacHn,H3M po3BHHyBca HaHacKpaBirue y <í>pann;ií. TaM bíh po3BHBaBca 3HaMH0K) MipoK) Bace nopyn aÍTepaTypn öapoKKa. B 18 ct. 3HaHHHM BnaHBaM KaacHHH3My, HacaMnepen cppaHn;y3b-Koro, yaaran aÍTepaTypn cyciflHix 3 yKpaiHi^aMH Haponiß — po- 328 CiflH Ta nOJIHKÍB. B 06OX KJIHCHHH3M p03BHHyBCfl IHHpOKO, y nojis- kíb — ÔJiHCKyne. Ha y"Kpa'ÍHÍ P03BHTKOBÍ KJIJICHHH3My He CnpHHJlH aHÍ nOJlÍTHHHľi, am ayxoBi yMOBH. B npyriii nojioBHHi 18 ct. cKacoBano MaibKe bcí peniTKH ynpa-ÍHCI.KOÍ aBTOHOMii. CKacyBaHHH reTbManmHHH, 3HHHieHHH Cíhí, 3a-KpinaMeHHH ceJumcTBa — ne jinuie rojiOBHi eTann npoiipcy o6ep-HeHHH YKpaiHH Ha pocinctKy npoBÍHrnio. GnHHa nojiiTmma cHJia, nip Morjia Monte hkocb 3aTpHMaTH iieS npoiiec, yKpamctKe ihjih-xeTCTBO, BeJíHKoio MÍpow hobc, pociHCLKHíí ypfin, nonacTH TepopH3y-BaB, nonacTH 3yMÍB npHTarayTH pi3HHMH 3aco6aMH Ha cbíh 6ík Ta, BJKHBaiOHH äoro nocjiyr aaCTO Ha bhihhx inaöjiax ypanoBoro ana-paTy, 3poÔHTH ôoro naBÍTB 3Hapíin,nHM cbogí hojiíthkh. KyjibTypHO TaKa 3HaHHa 3a naciB ôapoKKa CHJia, kk yKpamcbKa iiepKBa, 6yjia TejK no36aBJieHa noMany bchkoí ebtohomíí, a chji II jiinuiHx npen,-CTaBHHKÍB b 3HaHHÍa Mipi BJKHTO Ha npaiiro Ha HeyKpa'ÍHCbKHX Tepe-Hax. KyjibTypHi noTpeön Kpai'hh noBrHH nac híjikom HexTyBajiocn. HIkojih, b to My hhcjií KniBCtKa AnaneMm, HKa me b cepennm 18 ct. BHaMHOK) MÍpOK) MOrJia 3anOBOJI£>hhth nOTpeÔH B CBÍTCbKiH bhcokíh OCBÍTÍ, nOMaJiy 3po6HJIHCH CyTO flyXOBHHMH UIKOJiaMH. HIjIHXeTCTBO Brne ne Morjio 3an,OBOjn>HHTHCíi BHXoBaHHHM, ane nepe3 cbíh ohho-6ÍHHo-flyxoBHHH xapaKTep 3ajiHHiajiocH no3a ,,noTpe6aMH nacy", xoH ni ,,noTpe6H" i 6yjiH HHMajioio Mipoio BHMoraMH Monn. íle bh-KJíHKajio flajibHiHH BÍnnjiHB — yjKe MOJion,i — np neTepôypry aôo MoCKBH, HIO CTOHJIH Ha BÍflnOBÍn,HÍH „BHCOTÍ". TaK yKpamcBKHH Hapoji; poÖHBca noMajiy THnoBOK) ,,HenoBhok) HainGio", HapoflOM 6e3 KyjibTypHO BaaíJiHBnx 3a thx naciB cycnijib-hhx kjihc — BHiHpro AyxoBeHCTBa Ta BHinpro HBopaHCTBa. Thm caMHM BinnanajiH He jnmie — nonacTH — TBOpni rpynn, ajie ine öijibine, rpynH, hkí b 18 ct. HaHÖijibine MorjiH cnpHHHHHTHca np po3BHTKy jiiTepaTypH, 6o Bin; hhx BHxonnjio „coinajibHe 3aMOBJieHHa" jiiTepa- TypHHX TBOpÍB, CeÔTO EO!'H ÔyJIH rOJIOBHHMH IX CnOJKHBaMaMH. „He- noBHÍH Hanii" BinnoBinae 3ne6ijibina HenOBHa JiiTepaTypa. TaKoio ôyjia i JiiTepaTypa yKpamcbKoro KJiacHH.H3My. Kojih 3a naciB 6a-poKKa yKpaÍHCt>KÍH jiiTepaTypi öpaicyBajio jimue neaKHx ťaTyHKiB, b rnjiOMy cepenHia yicpameiib Mir 3anpB0JibHHTH öijibiuy nacTHHy CBoix jiiTepaTypHHx noTpe6 BjiacHoio JiřrepaTypoio, nacn kjihch-u;H3My yTBopHJiH 30BCÍM íhihhh CTaH: yKpai'HCbKa JiiTepaTypa 6yjia JIHUie HKHMCb MOJKJIHBHM nonOBHeHHHM flO JiiTepaTypH HyJKOMOBHOi, oflHaKOBo hh pociiicbKoi, in cppamjysbKoi', in nojibCbKoi. HecaMO-CTiÖHicTb JiiTepaTypH 30BCÍM He 3B'a3aHa 3 HH3bK0K) hkíctio JiiTepaTypHHx TBopiB, — cepep; TBopiß yKpamcbKoro KJiacHi];H3My g TBopn noBHOBapTHi, ajie 3 ycici pÍ3HOMamTHocTH JiiTepaTypHHx raTyHKÍB 329 penpe3eHT0BaHÍ jimne KÍJitKa Ta po Toro b KoacHOMy pa3i TaKi, hkí He MOrjIH 6 U.ÍaKOM 3anpB0JIBHHTH ayXOBÍ HOTpeÔH MonepHoí jiio- hhhh, HaBÍTt i 6e3 hkhxocb 3aHan,T0 BHce 3arocTpeHHx nyxoBHX ÍHTepeciB. 7. Ajie yKpa'ÍHCBKHH kjihchd;h3m MaB naa yKpaÍHCBKoi jíiTepa-TypH i rjiHÖHie 3HaneHHH, amac 3MÍHa jíiTepaTypnoro cthjiio. H,e 6yjia 3MÍHa ahľepaTypHoľ mobh, nepexin. Bip pÍ3HOMamTHo'i mobh 6a- pOKKa 3 11 060Ma nOJIIOCaMH - nepKOBHOCaOB'HHinHHOIO yKpaiHCBKOÍ penaKii,ii Ta HaponHoio mobok) — no e p h h o i jiiTepaTypHoi* mobh Ta 30 Toro mobh h a p o p h o 1. íle Öyjio b nopiBHamri 3 pecpopMoio HH HaBÍTB peBOJHOi^ieio b cťpepi jiiTepaTypHoro cthjiio mpCB po Toro d;íjikom HOBe, panHKaaBHe Ta ranooKocaacHe, iho xoh i e nepeöijiB-uieHHíiM Ha3BaTH mo 3MÍHy mobh „HauioHajiBHHM HOBOHaponaceH-hhm", hh, hk nonajiH Ka3aTH poMaHTHKH, „BinpoflHceHHíiM", ajie ne Bce ac 6yjro jiiieparypHe BÍn.pon.aceHHfl (Moace jiinine ôyjio 6 Ka3aTH ,,npo6ya.aceHHH"). nepexonoßi po HaponHo'i mobh cnpnajiH HKpa3 tí oöcTaBHHH, mp MH ix yace po3rjiíiHyjiH Ta oiííhhjih hk BJiacne BejíHKy cjiaOKÍCTB yKpaiÍHCBKoro cycnijiBHoro jkhtth: BTpaTa yKpaiHOK) BHIUHX CyCHÍjIBHHX BepCTB Ta OOMeHCeHÍCTB JlÍTepaTypHHX ťaTyHKÍB yKpa'ÍHCBKoro Kaacnn,H3My — „HenoBHOTa" yKpa'mcBKOi KJiHCHHHoi jiiTepaTypn. Bo tí raTyHKH, h kí po3BHHyjiHCH b yKpam-CBKOMy kjiachd;h3mí — raTyHKH TpaBecTÍHHÍ, Ta me 6aíiKa Ta ko-Mepisi — HKpa3 cnpHíiJiH, a to íí npocTo BHMarajiH BacHTKy Hapon,-Ho'í mobh. CßinoMe Ta nocjiin.OBHe njieKaHHa HaponHo'í mobh, hk mobh aÍTepaTypHo'í, npHHecaa 3 coôoio jiHuie poMaHTHKa Ta poMamľHHHa nyMKa (nop. 30KpeMa naai npo Kyjiima). 3 xapaKTepoM ai/repaTypHoi MOBH Ta *íl P03BHTKOM MH ÖJIHJKHe n03HaíÍ0MHM0CH naai. 8. MoBHe OHOBaeHHH, nm äoro npnmc 3 co6ok> yKpaím kjihch-h,h3M, npHBejio po Toro, ino TBopn UBoro nacy yTpHMajiH CBoe 3Ha-HeHHH b yKpaÍHCBKÍH jiÍTepaTypi noBine, amac n,Boro MoacHa 6yao 6 cnonmaTHca Ta amac — nonacTH — 11i TBopn 3acayroByBaaH. Tpa-ňHnia yKpaíĽHCBKoro KaacHHH3My TaraeTBca aac 30 naciß peaaÍ3My Ta floaceBpiaa aac po caMoro kíhhh 19 ct. y n,nx TBopax Hamán, kh Bace He noMmaan (3a pinKHMH BHHHTKaMH, po hkhx Haae-acaB, Hanp., Kyaini) Ix cTHaicTHHHoí Ta ineonorimioi oÖMeaceHOCTH, ni TBopn po ocTaHHix h&cíb nepeiHTepirpeTOByBaaHca, aK bhabh 30BCÍM iHHioro flyxy, amac toh, mp *x b híhchoctí noponHB. He noMÍTHTH b yKpaiHCBKOMy ,,KaaeHD;H3MÍ" KaacHiní3My 6yao ríhcho aerKo, — 60 yKpaiHCBKa aiTepaTypa KaacHHH3My He Maaa nyace THnoBHX ťaTyHKÍB ia 3B'H3aHHX 3 HHMH cTHaicTHHHHX Ta ineo-aoriHHHx pne (pai;ioHaai3My, ,,BHCOKoro cmaro" i t. p.), hkhx Bace híhk He npHHHaaH 6 am poMaHTHKH, aHi peaaicTH. JliTepaTypa yicpaiHCBKoro KaacHinreMy Maaa TpHBaann bhjihb, hkhh nonacTH 36araTHB jiiTepaTypy, a 30KpeMa MOBy ni3HiniHx naciB, nonacTH 3aTpHMaB xifl JliTepaTypHOrO p03BHTKy Ta 3pOÖHB HeflCHHMH MCJKi Ta KOpflOHH MijK ni3HilUHMH JliTepaTypHHMH CTHJIHMH, CnpHHIOHH ihm 3arajibHHM nepeniKonaivr, inp ctohjih Ha niaaxy jiiTepaTypHoi HHcpepeHnjanü' Ta in,o npo hhx mh Bace roBopHJiH BHine. B KoacHOMy pa3i, yKpai'HCbKHH KaHcnnH3M e CBoepinHirä. He annie TOMy, inp b caMOMy fioro po3BHTKy öoro nepeTHHae Ha j\b\ nacTHHH 3MiHa mobh. BiH anine b nyace He3HanHHx po3Mipax ko-pHCTycTBCH THnoBHMH „bhcokhmh" faTyHKaMH (n;i taTyHKH nHCb-MeHHHKH yKpai'HctKoro KaacHHH3My TBopflTL b pocificbKiH MOßi) Ta „bhcokhm" mobhhm CTHJieM. „Bhcokhh cthjü" öyßae mo»cjihbhh anine nicaa Toro, an MOBa no Hboro npHroTOBaHa nonepenHiM po3-bhtkom: Ha yKpaim ac aiTepaTypHa MOBa Kaacni;H3My 6yaa HOßa Ta me HapoflHa. KopncTyBaHHa hobhmh mobhhmh niapaMH 3aBacnH Befle no neBHoi opnriHaabHOCTH, npnponHO, 60 HOBa MOBa inp Hian He yHopMosaHa, am cboim caoBapHHM CKaanoM, aHi cboim CTHaeM. ToMy aiTepaTypa yKpai'HCbKoro KaacHnH3My nonacTH Haranye 6a-poKKOBy aiTepaTypy. 3 npyroro 6oKy, He bhtbophbhih „BHcoKoro CTHjiio", BOHa ni3Hime 3n,aBaaaca 6aH3bKOK> hchichmh pncaMH no mobh „peaaieTHHHoi'", nocKiaBKH n,a ocTaHHa ctphmhtb aKHairric-Hime 3B'a3aTHca 3 HaponHoio mobokd. neBHa CTHaicTHHHa HeBHpa3-HicTt yKpaiHCtKoro Kaacm^H3My cnpnaaa ni3Hime öoro aiTepaiyp-HOMy BnaHBOßi. B. ÜOHaTKH 1. KaacHqH3M npHÖmoB ho yicpamcbKoi aiTepaTypn He äk neBHa 6oHOBa Teopia, aKa y neBHOMy Binnopi ho naHiBHoro öapoKKa bh-öopoaa coöi Micnp, a noTiM i nepeBary b aiTepaTypHOMy csm, äk ne 6yßaao b iHmnx aiTepaTypax. Hi, KaacHnii3M npnänioB Marone HenoMiTHO, 6e3 öopoTtön 3 ßapoKKOBOK) aiTepaTypoK), ana 3i cbogk> eaoB'flHCbKO-yKpaiHCBKOK) MOBOK) pi3Horo 3a6apBaeHHa MycHjia 3HHKHyTH, Koan yKpamcbKe acHTTH po6naoca DjiaKOM npoBiHn,iaab-hhm i KoaHmHi i^eHTpn aiTepaiypHoro acHTTH, 30KpeMa KniBCbKa AKaneMia, BiflflaaH yci cboi aomi chjih Ha KopncTb hobhx „Bce- POCiHCbKHX" npHTpiB. JXßHKi öapoKKOBi yKpamcbKi nncbMeHHHKH, 3He6iabmoro ny-xoBHi, nonaan nepeibvraTH HOBi Kaacmmi jiiTepaTypm (popMH. noMinaGMO, Hanp., neBHi eaeMeHTH HOBoro, He 6apoKKOßoro, npo-CTimoro, rapMOHinHimoro craaio b nponoßinax (He b n'Gcax) r. KoHHCbKoro. IHie öanacne ninxonHTb ho cthjhcthkh KaHCHHH3My „IcTopia Pyciß". Aae npii TBip, nncamm Manace cyTo-pociäcbKoio MOBOK), CToiTb B3araai Ha oKpai' yKpamcbKoi aiTepaTypn. Hanpn- 331 lamii 18 ct. BHCTyrrajiH hk pociäcBKi KJiflCHHHi noeTH, yKpamni; HaHBH3Hanmnii 3 HHX 6yan InnojiiT BorflaHOBHH (1743-1803), Ba-CHjib KanHHCT (1757-1823), mp oÖHnßa HaaeataTB np HaHHCKpaßi-niHX 3ipoK pociöcbKoro KJiHCHii,H3My Ta cnopiaHem míjk co6ok> 3Han-HHM iflHJirqHHM 3a6apBjieHHHM CBoiix Bipiniß, Ta MeHin TaaaHOBH-thö HeBTOMHHH atypHaaicT BacHJib PyßaH (1739-95). 2. Be3 cyMHißy, neä nepexia, np HOBoro jiiTepaTypHoro cthjihd b KyjibTypHO BnjiHBOBHx HOBHX npHTpax, IIeTep6yp3Í ia Mockbí, BinÖHBCH 6 i na YKpaiHi, Ta Monte ň ßinÖHBca 6e3nocepenHBo b tbo-pax neKoro 3 noeTÍB, TBopn hkhx 3ajiHiHHJiHca b pyKonncax. Aae 3ne6iai>iHoro nepexin. np HOBoro CTHaio BH3HanaB nepexin, ho p o -ciHCLKoro KaacHrJiH3My, 3 noro imnoio, HeyKpaiHCBKoio mobok). IIa MOBa nonaaa nepexoniiTH Bace i b cTHaicTHHHo öapoKKOBy aixepa-xypy (CKOBopona). Orate, 3arpoatyBaB yace neBHHH 3aHHK yKpam-CBKOi aiTepaTypH hk CBOcpinHoro niaoro. TyT iroiminaa Ha npno-Mory Ta HOBa ncHxoaoria, smy yrBopHB KaacHnH3M 3 öoro nßipcB-KHM nyxoM. YKpaiHCBKa MOBa npnnaBaaacH me, Hanp., nan napo-piň, mp ix 3Haaa Bate i ÔapoKKOBa aÍTepaTypa, a6o np „caaBOHo-BHx" HacaiflyBaHB HaponHHX niceHB, yaioôaeHHx HaßiTB y ITeTep-6yp3i. Aae b naponiax hoboto nacy noMinacMo bíhhhh aKorocB ho-Boro pyxy. B aBTopax ix nonyßaeMo Bate aioneS, sanenaeHHx ny-xoM npocßineHOCTH — "ix CTaßaeHHa 30 peairiihioi C(pepH Hecep-ňo3He, ÍH03Í HaßiTB 6ai03HÍpc&Ke; noMiTHMo i hkhScb HOBHÖ ,,naH-cbkhh" pyx, THnoBe naa Tiei caMoi npocßineHocTH 3HeBaataHße CTaßaeHHa 30 BipyBaHB npocToi alonHHH; HapeniTi npo hobí nacH cbíh.-naTB i 3'aBHHía po3Kaany yitpaiHCBKOi mobh: BatHBaiOHH mobh Ha-poflHoi, neHKi aBTopn He MoatyTB yöeperrHca Bin, mopi ancaeHHHX pyCH3MÍB. ' 3. He nyace BaatKO BHniaHTH 3 nncaeHHoi aiTepaTypn yKpam-CBKHX Bipuiiß 18 Ta noaaTKy 19 ct. TBopn, inp nepecaKHem iihm ho-bhm n,yxoM. Aae eaeMeHTH KaacHHHoi cthjiícthkh b hhx 3Han-HÓ caaöini, híhí eaeMeHTH p y x a npocBineHocTH. Inoni xapaicTe- pHCTHHHa Í MOBa, 60, nHHiyHH HOCHTB HHCTOK) yKpalHCBKOK) MOBOK), aBTopn BatHBaiOTB mobh He nÍHCHo-Hapo;iHoi, a b y a b ť a p H o i, CTaBaaTBca po mobh, hk i po BCBoro HaponHoro 3 neBHHM npesHp- CTBOM, 3 HeXTyBaHHÄM. Ocb, Hanp., Bipmi npo PÍ33B0 XpncTOBe: a h CHX popH BCHK XpHCTHHHHH B M H H a g KOBÖaCH. BaÔH, njnH, iiHBo, MeflH, ropiaKy BapeHy k y x a h k o m n'iOTB, 3 KHHHiaMH t p y t b CBHHHHy neneHy. Xaoniji, híbkh HaBnepenKH öiraiOTB nip xaTKH i, SK B O B K H aÔO C B H H K H, CKHpľHHyTB KOaHflKH... 332 JXO Iliei KapTHHH npHGHHyGTbCil KapTHHa TOrO, mO pOÔHTBCH y Heßi: I yBecB TyT 3aryn,iB jiion,, mob jiítom tí oajkojih: ÓepyTL JKÍHOK, iflyTB B TaHOK, 3aTHKäBinH nojiH... IIpopoK /JaBun. TaM ace cnnnTb i b KOÖ3y irpaG, nicHK) CBHTy Cnacy XpncTy 3 IIcajiTHpi HHTaG. HopHÍIBHH X a M CHflHTb TG5K i p í JK e b COmJIKy, caM floöpe n'g i bcím nac k b a p t o 10 r o p i ji k y... íle naHCbKa noe3Ía 3 npocBineHCBKHM Marone 6jno3HÍpCTBOM Ta MOBHHMH pycH3MaMH. IIoniÔHa h BejíHKOflHH Bipina: IToflaJiH Im xjií6 i cíjib, KOJKflOMy no napiji nnBa. TyT Z^bho, Hapoôns nnBa: npnynapnB b rycjii TaK, mp cKaKaTb xotíb ycsK, Capa KHHyjia i JioncKy, niflHÍMajia rapHO HOJKKy .. . 3acMÍíiBCH TyT i Bor. TyT i ßaÖKH, TyT i BHynKn bcí noôpaJincH 3a pynKH i ninijín y xopoBon,. .. a6o íhhihh BapiflHT tígí caMoi Bipnii: KajKyTt, 6yn,eM MOJioflniji HeroflííHKH, jienainnnii i nyrjiHBi, hk 3aini,i — awe HenpaBfla, MOJioniji! Ce JK MapiH cepen. hohí nycTHJiacH 30 bcíh mohí njiaKaTH Ha rpoô XpHCTOB, Ha Tojirocpy, míjk KycTOB. Horo, Mapyce, TaK th njianem? H. BocKpec — caMa th 6animi. 3KHnn Hce hk Ha nyn KpiraaTb, rnp ne pynieHa nenaTb ... $3$ A XpHCTOC 6yB na poöoii, — noKaJiHB co6i hoôoth, noKÍJib neKJio noracHB, i AflaMa BocKpecHB ... nanacTH acaxaHBi HarojiocH (HapóÔHB, nycinaáca) Ta pycH3-MH (npnynapHB, Hoacicy, HeroflHHKH, míjk KycTOB i t. n.) 3Myiny- K)Tb BJiaCHe flO BH3HaHHH b;ÍG1 JlÍTepaTypH Tem. OHHHM 3Í 3'hbhih, nin- ynafly, a He po3KBÍTy, hk up BBaacaan moni íctophkh atiepaTypn. 4. JJ,o Brne 3raflaHHx TBopiB 3 ejieMeHTaMH KaacHHHoro cthjiio, HajiejřcaTB, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, npHHaÖMeHUie penui Bipnii o. IßaHa Henpa-ineBHaa (80-90 poKH 18 ct.). UonacTH öoro Bipnii nneam me 3aco-6aMH ßapoKKOBoi* noeTHKH Ta 3B'H3am npjiMO 3 Tpannnicio Khí'b-c&Koi AicaneMii: hk Hanp., BipmoBaHa nonaKa (1787), a6o fliHJior „Cnop flymi 3 tíjiom" (1773), ajie Tpoxn ni3Himi Bipnii HaaeacaTb Ho hkhxocb hobhx ťaTyHKÍB'. „HpMapoK" Ta ,,CnoBÍHi>" n,e híôh mpcb CepeflHG MÍMC ÔapOKKOBOK) ÍHTepjlK>HÍGK) Ta KJIÄCHHHOIO ÍHHJIÍGK). HoBHH raryHOK i npHaTejibCBKi BipmoBam jihcth. Ta HanumaBiine b HHx — ix Manace HHCTa HapoHHa MOBa: ... a MeHe 60 HaBanan oTerjb míh i Mara KoaaniBOK i meHpiBOK, Bora 3yxBaaaTH, roBÍK> a inppoKy, n'aTÍHKy inaHyio, He ím, He n'io, He poöaio ho Benepa b Tyio. Ot 6pH3Hyaa Ha ry6y, hk cnp OHKHHaaa, noro a He poônaa, BBecb poT noaocKaaa. Icyce, npocTH MeHe, rpiniHyio Tanyio, a ÔijibHie a Ha coôi mnoro He nyio... I TyT too caMHH noraafl Ha Hapon 3ropn, hk y napofliax Ha KaHTH. Ta TBopH HeKpameBina Haßanacae ho TBoprja yKpaincbKoro KaacHHjH3My Ta hoboí yKpaÍHCbKoi arrepaTypn, KoTaapeBCbKoro, nepenycÍM ix ancTa MOBa. 3naGTbca, mo HeKpameBira npirinnoB ho Hei thm caMHM HiaaxoM, inp KoTaapeBCbKHH — nepe3 TpaBecTinm ťaTyHKH KaacHii,H3My. B rjiaoMy — bíh He Tane Bace BHnaTHe, aae n.ÍKaBe 3'HBHme Ha Meaci CTapoi Ta hoboí aiTepaiypn, Ha Meaci hbox CTHaiB — óapoKKa Ta KaHcmrasMy. TimoBHH rjih. KaacHn,H3My ťaTyHOK — caTHpa, penpe3eHT0BaHa KiabKOMa TBopaMH MicijeBoro 3HaneHHH. Aae norocb BHflaTHiinoro Ha rj;boMy noai He MacMO. CaTHpHHHi cnpoön 3aaeacaTb, MaßyTb, bíh pocincbKoi Ta noabCBKoi carapn KaacHH,H3My. 334 B. repo'ÍHHO-KOMÍHHa noema 1. Tofi TBÍp, aKHM nO^aBCH bjkhtok HapOJTHOl MOBH HK mobh jiiTepaTypHoi, ,,EHein,a" IßaHa KoTaapeBCBKoro (1769-1838), Haae-5KHTB ao neBHoro ťaTyHKy KaaciriHoi noeTHKH, g „repoi^Ho-KOMin-hok> noeMOKD". KoTJiapeBCbKHH no3HaôoMHBca 3 oflHHM 3 nonyjiap-híihhx pociíícBKHX TBopÍB iiBoro ťaTyHKy, 3 „EHeifloio" H. OcinoBa (1751-1799, „EHe'ina" 1791-6, naaBini BHnaHHa 1800, 1801 p.), hkoi 3aKÍHKeHHH nHCaHe A. KoTeaBHHUBKHM (flaTH HCHTTH HeBÍapMÍ, 3a- KÍHHeHHH ,,EHeiflH" 1802, 1806 p.), mo h co6i HacaiayBaan nncB-MeHHHKa 18 ct. hímiíh BaioMayepa. Ta aKpa3 „TpaBecTÍi" „EHeí-nn" Bepťiaia Ôyan HafiÖiaBin nonyaapHHMH cepea HHcaeHHHX Tpa-BecTiä nacÍB 6apoKKa — HaäBHa,aTHÍma 6yaa (ppaHiry3BKa „EHeina" CKappoHa (1648, pÍ3HÍ saKÍHHeHHH íhhihx aBTopiß), nopy*i hkoí 6yao KiaLKa (ppaHĽ(y3BKHX TpaBecTOBamix „EHe'in.", 30KpeMa pí3hhmh fliaaeKTaMH. „EHelna" KoTaapeBCBKoro BHÖniaa 1798 p. 6es np3-Boay aBTopa, TpeTG BHnaHHa 1809 p. KoTaapeßCBKHfi npnoBHHB 4-oio HaCTHHOK), a OOHnBi OCTaHHÍ, Han. HKHMH bíh npan,iOBaB flOBri pOKH, bh^aHÍ iiiohho no fioro CMepTi 1842 p. KoTaapeBCBKHH KopHCTaBca HafiôiaBine TBopoM OcinoBa. Aae HOMy, BHXOBaHiießi nyxoBHo'i ceMÍHapil, aaTHHCBKa „EHeina" Bepťiaia ôyaa npöpe 3HafioMa; 3n,acTBca, KopncTaBca bíh i CKappoHOM. Aae fioro „HacninyBaHHH" HiaK He g nepeKaan, Ta HaBÍTB He nepe-piÖKa. „EHei'na" Ocinoßa-KoTeabHHHBKoro Ta He3aKÍHaeHa ,,EHein,a" CKappoHa MaioTB nonan, 20 000 BipniiB, TBÍp KornapeBCBKoro — nelilo no-Han, 7 000. Bace ii,e 3Ha*mo Ha fioro kophctb. KoTaapeB-cbkhö He öoiTBca BHnycTHTH HaBÍTB nyace BaaíaHBÍ momchth n,ii: 3 HaônonyaapHiHioi b „EHeifli" Bepťiaia 2-o'i nicm, mp onncye 3a-THÖeaB Tpoí, y HBoro He 3aanmHaocB m^oro. J^e OcinoB fioMy no-npOacTBca, bíh nyace 6aH3BKO fioro HacainyG, aae 3ne6iaBUia bíh. íhhihx „EHein" 6epe anuie 3araabHy cxeMy, onoßinaHHH OcinoBa HH ÍHnií 3pa3KH CKOpOHyG, ÍHOfli nOTHHpiOG, ÍHOni fine HÍaKOM BaacHHM HiaaxoM. JJeaKi MÍcna 3B'a3am 3 íhuioio Tpan,Hn,ieK); Hafi-ainma nacTHHa — EHefi y neKai, HaimcaHa b hochtb TÍCHOMy Ha-cainyBaHHÍ öapoKKOBHx „IliceHB npo hothph OCTaHHÍ peai nKDnHHH" (cMepTB, cyn,, neKao, paň), — Ha acaaB, ix yKpamcbKi oöpiÖKH nonacTH He 3ÔeperaHca, no^iacTH He BHnam. Aae KoTjiapeBCBKHfi Mir KopHCTaTHca i aaTHHCBKHMH aôo noaBCBKHMH TBopaMH Ha n,efi cK>aceT. Ta roaoBHe b noeMÍ KoTaapeBCBKoro He HacjiiayBaHe, a opn-ťÍHaabHe. IH,o noeMa KoTaapeBCBKoro 6e3MeaiHo BHina 3a TBÍp OcinoBa, n.e BH3HaK>tb onHoroaocHO i CTapi i hobí i yKpaiHCBKÍ i pOCÍHCBKÍ flOCJlíflHHKH. 335 2. Hkhh xapaKTep Mae „EHei'na"? — Ue „repoiHHo-KOMiHHa noeMa", ajie BOHa g onHonacHo „TpaBecTÍGio" Ta HaB'a3yeTbca ap CTapoi TpaflHqii' „öypaecKHHx" TBopiß. Mh Bace 3ranyBaaH npo Micne „repoínHo-KOMiHHOi" noeMH b Teopii noe3Íi KaacHH,H3My ■— np kjih-CHHHa noeMa 3 „hhsbkhm" cioaceTOM (3a reopicio Byajito), a6o 3 „bhcokhm" cioaceTOM y „HH3bKOMy" cthjií (Ha npaicTHni iCHyBajIH i TaKi noeMH, 3a6opoHeHÍ xeopieio ByaJito). IIoeMH apyroro THny 6yjiH i pamine. Hrano i'x „bhcokhh" cioaceT 6paBca 3 CTapinioi enm-hoí Tpan,Hnii, roBopnjiH npo ,,TpaBeCTÍio" („TpaBecTiioBaTn" MOKHa ôyjio, po3yMÍGTLCH, ň íhuií jiiTepaTypHi ťaTyHKH). „Eypaecic" (acapT) — Ha3Ba Teac CTapma, BimanKOBa — Ha3Ba TBopiB, mp nncani 3 Hecepíio3HHM HaMÍpoM, Jiňme naa acapTy; b híhchoctí cepöo3HHH HaMÍp, jiiTepaTypHHH aôo ň ip;eojiorÍHHHH, ôypaecKHi TBopn nacTO MajiH: „npocBineHenb" BjnoMayep HanncaB cboio HÍMenbicy „EHei-ny" HK caTHpy npoTH nepKOBHo'i, nepen,ycÍM KaTOjrantKoi', peairiö-hocth; „HcapTOM" y oypaecKy 6yB roJioBHe aiTepaTypmiň 6ík — Hecepöo3HHH yacHTOK JiiTepaTypHHx o^opM Ta cthjiio neBHoro Ha-npHMy. 3míct „EHeÍRH" 3ano3HHeHHH 3 Bepťiaia: np icTopia MaHflpi-BOK TpoamjiB, mo nicaa 3arH6eai Tpoi BTeicaH 3 obhhm 3 Moaon,-mnx HJieHÍB n.apcbKoi' pohhhh EHeGM Ta nicaa pÍ3Hnx öayicaHb 3HaňmaH HOBy 6aTbKÍBinnHy b iTaaii, ne, nepeMirnin TyöiabCbKoro napica JlaTHHa, noicjiaaH nonaTOK nÍ3HÍmÍH pnMCbKiô nepacaßi: ae-reHRa, any Bipťiain po3BHBac 3 neBHoio noaiTHHHoio TeHneHn,ÍGio, SB'asyio^h Phm 3 CTapnioio icTopicio, HaBÍTb 3 OaiMnoM (EHeä — CHH BeHepn) Ta ninKpecaioiOHH BceCBÍTHboicTopH*iHy mícíio PHMy. JJ,h TeHaeHnia TBopy He Maaa naa TpaBecTÍHHOi noeMH híhkoto 3Ha-neHHa: ,,EHei'n,a" 6yaa BHôpaHa hk TBip 3araabHo bíhpmhh. CioaceT TpaBecTOBaHHX ,,EHei'R" Raa ^HTaaiB njicaBocTH He MaB, 60 BBecb xifl noflin 6yB HHTaneBÍ Hanepea. 3HaííoMHH. Hen,ÍKaBÍ 6yan naa aB-TopiB Ta HHTaniB TpaBecTOBaHHX EHe'in, i oKpeMi íctophhhí, apxeo-jiorŕmi Ta ineoaoriHHi mothbh. Te, mp b 3míctí 6yao HOBe Ta npn-3epTaao yßary HHTaniB, 6yan Bapian.ii oKpeMHx cneH Ta enÍ3on,ÍB noeMH. Tpaflimia TpaBecTii noaarac b TOMy, mp neBHe icTopHHHe Ta HaqioHaabHe 3a6apBaeHHa TBopy aBTOpH TpaBecTiö 3aMÍHaK>Tb íhuihm: KoTaapeBCbKHH poÔHTb 3 TpoannÍB — Ta, BaacHe, i 3 npen.-cTaBHHKÍB íhuihx Haponm, — yKpamcbKHx K03aKÍB, a 3 apyroi c4)epH, inp n ocnißyBaaa CTapa noeMa, 3 rpenbKo-pHMCbKHX 6oris — yKpaÍHCbKHX npiÔHHX naHÍB. Bei non.po6Hu,i nepeBeneHo b nao-nniHy noBcaKfleHHoro yKpaiHCbKoro atHTTa: IIpoMeTen ,,Ha aioab-Ky... oroHb yKpaß", „öoram b thíbí — TaK me 6aÔH", „EHeö 6yB napyöoK motophhh i xaonen;b xoTb KyflH K03aK", BeHepa — „mob coTHHKa HKorocb naHi" i t. r. Bch ncnxoaoria híôobhx ociô, po3- 336 ropTaHHH OKpeMHX enÍ30n,ÍB, MOTHByBaHHH BHHHKÍB aiÖOBHX OCÍ6 — Bee „TpaBecTOBaHe". Ajie i nn 3MÍHa ne Morjia 6 3po6irra noeMH HÍKaBOK), am hjih cynacmimB, am thm ôijibine, hjih HacTynHHX no-kojiíhb. "Hiepes Te, mp KoTJinpeBCbKHH He 3BepTae BejiHKoi yBarn Ha xapaKTepncTHKy OKpeMHX ociô — bohh 30bcím He ÍHn,HBÍn,yajibHÍ, Ta xapaKTep Ix nacTo 3míhk>GTbCH np HeBnÍ3HaHHH npoTaroM noeMH. 3axonjnoBajio Ta 3axonjnoe HHTana b noeMi mnie: MOBa Ta „aKce-cyapn": no6yTOBÍ, íctophhhí yKpamcbKi non,poÔHrr,i Ta npHKi (pop-MajibHi npTajii cthjiio. Ha hhx i Tpeöa 3BepnyTH yBary. 3. b nepniy nepry iiiKaBa MOBa: KoTJinpeBCBKHO 3yMÍB yncHTH b CBOGMy TBopi Han3BHHaHHo 6apBHCToí, öaraToi Ta rayHKoi mobh. MoBa nynce pÍ3HOMaHÍTHa. KoTJinpeBCbKHO KoxaGTt.cn b chho- HÍMaX, BJKHBaiOHH bckjhh ßJIH KOJKHOrO h HaH3BHHaHHÍHIOrO nO- hhtth no mojkhoctí mppa3y ininoro cjioBa. Horo cjiobhhk HeBHnep-najibHHH. Oct., HanpHKJian,, KijibKa Hä3B, mp BiH ix yJKHBac rjih ajibKorojibHHx HanoiB, hkí n'iOTb i TpoHHiji i jiäTHHHHH i 6orn: ro-pijiKa, 6para, ropijioHKa, CHByxa, cjiHB'flHKa, Men, nHBo, ropijiKa npocTa i KajiraHKa, BapeHyxa, BapeHa, 3 iMÔepoM niHHa ropijiKa, MOKpyxa, niHHeHBKa, rapHHHH, mrene, CHByniKa, peHCbKe 3 KypnH- MOHOM Ta nHBO HOpHeC 3 JIHMOHOM, CHKÍ3Ka, nepeHIBKa Í KpHMCBKa BKycHan nyjiiBKa, mp TaM aŕÍBÍBKOio 30ByTb, oxthpckkhh Men,, na~ jibOHKa, 3 CTpiOHKOM ropijiKa, raHycHa, ninnmoK, HHKHJinnxa, i t. n,. A6o ropijiOHKy roura — He tk)tk>HKOBy i He niHHy, He TpeTbonpoÖHy neperiHHy, HaCTOHHyK) Ha öoehh, nin, nejiiocTHMH 3anÍKaHy, i 3 raHycoM, i 30 KajiraHy, b mik 6yB i nepenb, i nianpaH ... A60 ocb BHpa3H hjih pyxy jnonen, 3aMÍCTb 3BHnaäHHx „ninioB", ,,noixaB", ,,no6ir": bbíhihjih; BnepjiHcn; raHHJiH; naB apajia; Hy bíh flpajia; nyHyB bo bcí jionaTKH; nMyxHÍM; naB BÍnTijib iiponaKa; Hohochbch ; inioB; J1Í3; paHKH J1Í3; MamipyBaTb; MemyBCb; MaxHy-jia; M^HTb j HeceTbcn; n'aTaMH HaKHBäB; HacTynajia; nonyxpaB; no-nxaBcn; npmuieHTaBCb; ninrioniieM iinjia; noMnajiHcn; noMnajra; npHHBajiaB; noôirjia; npímxajiHCb; nOKOTHJia; CTencKy npoTonTajia; nonjiejiHCH; nycTHJiacb; nocKaKaB; nojiÍ3JiH; npyTbca; cnimHTb; cjiohhbch; cyHyBCb; coBaBCb; thhhbcb; naB Tnry; HKypHyjia; hhm-HHKyBaB; niMHrHem; mjiHJiHCb; niBeHnaiOTb, i t. n,. b o6ox Bíman,-Kax np Jiňme bhóípkh npHKJianm. KoTjinpeBCbKHH Hanynnyc chho-hímh a6o cnopinHem 3a ceHcoM cjioBa. Ocb hk (pypia b neKJii Ka-TyG rpiniHHKÍB: 337 poÔHJia rpiniHHM npôpy niany, peMHHMH npajia, mob ôhkíb, Kycajia, rpH3Jia, OHnyBajia, KpHiiiHjia, niKBapHjia, mmiajia, Tonrajia, apanajia, neKJia, * nopojia, KopHHjia, nnjiHjia, BepTÍJia, pBajia, imiHryBajia, i KpoB Í3 TÍJia ix nnjia. 4 riopy^i „sbh^aHHHX" cjiíb, 3HaX0HHM0 B KOTJIHpeBCBKOrO i „oHOMaTonoeTHHHi", yxBopem Ha 3pa30K thx 3ryKÍB, hkí CJiOBa ni MaiOTB BH3HanaTH: xapaMopnajiH, iiBeHBKaTH, ijmok, 3aMeKe-KaB, HioKajia, MypMOTajio i t. n,. 3oKpeMa KoxaeTBCji KoTjiapeBCBKHH b piflKHX cjioBax, np neHKHX bíh HaBÍTB nono^aBaB noacHemiíi, — Tani CJiOBa, íik: n3HHn3HBep-3yx, nynpcpeT, (pijibTÍcpiKeTHHx, 6acKa- jihwthcb, THMCpH naTH, pHHKa, (pypiHOBaTH, COťpOpOH, JKepeTÍH, Xa- jiHHapa, myrajiia, apMHC, npHn.3HrjibOBaHKa (íhhií npHKJiann HHTan caM MOHce 3HaHTH Ha n,Hx, npHCBHHeHHx „EHein,i" CTOpÍHKax) 3HaÖ-neMO TpoxH ne b kojkhíh CTpocpi. Ajie caM KoTJiíipeBCbKHH hobí CJiOBa yTBOpiOG pinKO, 3 „HeOJI0rÍ3MÍB" MOJKHa BinMlTHTH jimne HeHHCJieHHi CJiOBa, srn ot: in.pyjKejnoô'HBHH, o6e3rjry3n,hb, jinnapKy-BaTHH, repo'íth, KopajiBHHÔ, ÖaeBHH (=6aHK0BHH), HopTonxaÖKa, Ta KiJiBKa íhhihx (noaacTH cyMHÍBHe, hh ne HeojiorÍ3MH). KoTjiHpeBCBKHH hí6h xo*ie nonaTH b cbo'íh noeMi noBHHH Jien-CHKOH yKpaÍHCBKoí MOBH CBoro nacy. HeMae cyMHÍBy, nip bíh, ymn-BaiOHH bcíx nnx cjiíb, He nyMaB npo aicycB h o p m y yKpamcBKoi mobh: 60 e cepen, hhx HHCJieHHi mícupbí cjioBa (n,iajieKTH3MH) Ta me HHCJieHHiHii CJiOBa 3 mobh neBHHX rpyn: n'aHHn,b, nyMaKÍB, mí-inaH, ceMÍHapncTÍB i t. 3. — „JKapťoHOBi" CJiOBa, He Tpeôa 3aMOBHyBaTH Toro cpaKTy, mp MOBa KoTjiapeBCBKoro He 3aBJKn,h HHCTa. MaGMO b Hifi HHMajIO nepK0BHOCJIOB'jIHÍ3MÍB, HKÍ, monpaB^a, Tonj HaneBHO me óyjin jkhbí b yKpaiHCBKiö mobí, a no-^acTH HajieHcajiH no mobh niKOJiapiB, ceMiHapncTÍB, 3 akoí Kotjih-peBCbKHH 6epe pacHo BHpa3H. Ocb npHKJiann iiepKOBHocjioB'flHÍ3MÍB: HecKa3aHHO, ^epB i npax, 6e3HyBCTBeHHO, Í3nycKajia, icHycHO, 6oro-yroflHa, b cie BpeM'a, Í3KopeHÍM, Bpen,, nycKaKmiHÖ, rjiac, rpan,, Ha-aeJKfla, HaymajiH, Hpe3, npecjioByTHH, o6jioÔH3aB, noöo'ime, spiTB, Í3KOHÍ 6e i t. 3. Ha nÍ3HÍuiHX HHTaniB cjiob'hhÍ3mh poôhjih noaacTH HenpHGMHe BpajKeHHH, 60 bohh 3naBajiHca „BejiHKopycH3MaMH", ajie h TaKHx b noeMi HHMajio: b6jih3í, cthuiok, KapTBOJKHHH, njiyT, GJie, Heronan, yolpaůca, jihihhíh, 6e3TOJiKOBÍ, flypajien, mcjibkom, onjio-man, o6e3BHHa, Í3'aH, BjiioöJieHHHx, HaBÍTB „nojrraBa-MaTyniKa" Í T. fl. G HaBÍTB Hijli BHpa3H'. „5KH3HB - aJITHH, a CMepTB - KO- 338 minca". IHpnpaBaa, TaKi BHpa3H nacTo 3B'H3am 3 pocificbKHM no-6yTOM aßo 3 thmh ejieMeHTaMH yKpamcbKoro noßyTy, iqo Bate no-HHHajiH pycncpncyBaracH: aJiTHH, MyHnnp, Ha nepeKaaaHHX, paH- HCHp, nHJIHnOHH (CTapOBipH), Tyjia Ta TopHCOK, nHHOBHHKH, CMHpH- TejibHi homh, BHpa3H, aK „Ha npHHanaeatHocTb", „apaacHocTm" i t. a.. KijiLKa nojiBOHÍ3MÍB — BHnanKOBi. Ajie b ujijiOMy TaKi BraiaA-kobí nyjKOMOBHi ejieiweHTH jiHHie ninBHinyiOTb aeKcnnHe 6araTCTBO noeMH. He MeHiii niKaBa i (ppa3eojiorm KoTjiapeBCtKoro — pi3HO- MaHlTHiCTb MOBHOrO BHpa3y, b HKÍH BÍH Teat BHKOpHCTOByG CKapÖH yKpalHCbKoi MOBH HKHaOLUHpuie. He 3aBacn.h jierKO CKa3aTH, nn KoTaapeBCBKHH BHCHBaB po3nOBCK)flJKeHHX BHpa3ÍB Ta 3BOPOTÍB, nH yTBopioBaB ix — b HaponHOMy nyci caM. Bíh 3aaK>öKH BatHBae Ha-poflHHx tp°PMJ — Hanp., THnoBoi nan caoB'HHCbKHX mob, ajie Maao BJKHBaHOi b aiTepaTypHHX MOBax, KopOTKOi (popMH niecaoBa:* to-pox, 3HpK, raaab, ryatK, CTpHÖ-CTpHÖ, xancb, naiocb, 6ancb-6jiHCb, CKhib, uiycTb, nepK i t. p. Ta HaHainnii e öoro o6pa3HÍ 3Bopora: HanyBCb, mob Ha orm aonyx; BepTiaacb, hk b oKponi Myxa; ripinnä Bin, nepnw; ôyiiiM b 6oaoTÍ nopT, 3acÍB; Hanysca, hk íhhhk; 3aHy-HHBca, aK no ôoaoTi KyaHK; caoBa TaK cnnae, ak ropox; Hanpiao, ak nyMáKaM row, BoceHH; TyanBca, mob 03 Koxa b KOMOpi mhhi; KpnaaB, hk b MapTÍ kít; nponaan, hk CipKo b 6a3api, i t. p. 6e3 KÍHn;a, nopyn hhx o6pa3ÍB, hkhx po peni, hk „MeTaťpop", bh-Maraaa i nocTHKa KaacHi^H3My, KoTanpeBcbKHH BHCHBae 3aaio6KH ceHTeHnifi, npHcaÍBvÍB, mp 3n.e6iabina b3htí 3 ycT Hapony: BeaHKÜ y CTpaxa oni; He ai3b npoacoroM nepniníi b Bony; ne xto He nyMa, Ta m Honye; 6ina Siny — roBopaTb — poním.; ne IcTbca CManno, TaM i n'eTbca; Koan Koro míx HaaHKae, to nican Topôa cnaTb He nacTb. Moace KoTaapeBCbKHH caM BHranaB i 3HaMeHHre „MyatHnbKa npaBna ecTb Koaiona, a naHCbKa Ha bcí 6okh rayna", aae HaneBHe Bace noro BaacHa ceHTemjia: „acHBe xto b cbítí HeoöaHHO, TOMy mne He 6yn,e cManHo". Ta Bee ac He ceHTeHnn', noBHaabHi npncaiB'a, inp Moran Haöan-3HTH TpaBecTÍHHy noeMy po cepno3Horo acaHpy, xapaKTepHCTHnm nan (ppa3eoaorii KoTanpeBCbKoro, a 30bcím ÍHnioro CTHaio HenpneMHi ByabfapHSMH, He Haponm, a npocTairbKi, hhhíhhí Ta pÍ3KÍ Bnpa3H: K)HOHa cyna npnKa; aanac na/rb; EHea 3a ächbít 6epe; najra HaM rpeKH nponyxaHa; mob 33any nxaan Ix nopra; nnan, hk 6pary no-pocHTa; 6a6n cynoi; b Mopny rane; íb, aac 3a yxaMH asnnaao; xpon-th yKaaBca; panKH ai3; Typn, coCannä chh; 3raMKaTH, hk öjihh; *) Ujo (J)opMy *iacTO 30ByTb „£iecjiÍBHHM BHryKOM"; He BipHO — b yicpa^ ihcbkíh mobí u.e $opMa AiecjiOBa (nap, i;hm He mojkcmo TyT 3ynHHHTHCb). 339 TpoHHn,i 3apeBÍjiH — TaKi BHpa3H nepenoBHioioxb nijii cxpodpn i, flynce Bnajii xa 3ßHHafim b xpaBecxifimfi noeMi, HenpHGMHo BpancajiH HHxaniB xoMy, mo noeMa HecnoflißaHo flJiH Ii aBxopa Haöyjia c e p -S o 3 h o r o 3HaneHHH hk nepniHÔ xBip hoboí yKpaiHCBKoi Jiixepaxypn. B MeJKax xpaBecxiiiHoro acaHpy hk xaKoro MOJKHa Ôyjio 6 3a-KH^axH KoxjiiipeBctKOMy JiHUie, mp HaBixb y cnpHax CMepxH, 6o- pOXbÔH, HKÍ i B KOMÍHHOMy TBOpi G CepH03HÍ, KOTJIflpeBCbKHÖ He BÍ- flifiinoB Bifl nboro MOBHoro cthjiio: roJioBKy oflnecaB; MaKiTpy ofl-flijiHB ofl njien; Í3 Hoca 6pH3Hyjia Kaöana; y TypHa okojiíb b ho-rax; noö'ioxt. b hgihhio; ny3o po3njiaxaB; BjiinHB xanoro MaicoroHa; flyxeJiH 3'ib, i x. fl. I HaBixb xaM, fle KoxjiapeBCbKHfi npHHariflHo BJKHBaG CepÖ03HOrO XOHy, paMKH flJIH U.HX MÍCHb HÍÔH HaBMHCHe ByjibťapHi: pin xany im yfljKHťHyB (flajii öfle cepťf03HÍina npoMO-Ba); njian MaTepi EßpiHJia 3a bÔhxhm chhom, n,ÍKaBe HacjiiflyBaHHH HapoflHHX njianiB, BBefleHo no noeMH xaKHMH pnflKaMH: I KOJiH rojioBy ni3Hajia CBoro CHHOHKa EßpycH, xo Ha Bajiy i po3njiaxajiacb, KpHHajia, refl3ajiacb, KanaJiacb, KysiKajia, mob nopocH .. . I xoMy, qo HHxani npHÔHHJiH noeMy — 3 neBHoro norjiHfly, hk cepöo3HHH xßip, HenpHGMHe BpajKeHHH cnpaBjiHJiH b cjioBHHKy noeMH He HapoflHÍ, a „npocxaiibKi" 3incyxi nynci cjioBa: oÖxeKap, Kajiaßyp, aHaxxeM, MaHixßecx, jienopi i x. fl., a6o 3MeHniem cjioBa, mo xe>K 30BCÍM He HapoflHÍ: flyniKa, tojiocok, rijieHKa, rojioBKa, cjií3kh, rap-HeHbKO, CManiHeHbKo. Han,ioHajibHe nonyxxa HHxaniB oópancyBaB yncHxoK ByjibťapH3MÍB, ajie mp Öüibine — Hecepfio3He cxaBjíeHHH flo HapoflHoi MOBH b 3ranaHHX „npocxanxBax". 3aKHflH icxopHHHO HecnpaBefljiHBi: flo ťaxyHKy xpaBecxií HajiencajiH ni mobhí BJiacxHBOCxi. Ajie xofi BnjiHB, HKHÖ Maß cxHJib KoxjinpeBCbKoro no3a MemaMH By3bKoro jiixepaxypHoro ťaxyHKy „EHeľflH", 6yB fliöcHoro He6e3ne-kok) fljiH yKpamcbKoro JiixepaxypHoro po3BHXKy, hk noKa3yioxb npHKJiaflH fioro nÍ3HÍniHx HacjiiflyBaniß. 4. Cjiobo flJiH KoxjiapeBCbKoro — TaKonc Maxepinji fljín mobhhx rpaniOK, mo 6yjiH i b fioro nonepeflHHKiB 3 floôn KJiHcnira3My, xa 6yjiH HKHMHCb 3anÍ3HeHHMH napofliHMH Ha rpaniKH naciB ÖapoKKa. KojiH CJIOBHHK KoxjiHpeBCbKoro — HaHCHjibHinimí 6ík fioro xBopy, to mobhí rpauiKH fioro jiinnii, amjK y OcinoBa xa BjnoMayepa, ajie He xaKi BHce Bflajii. xaKHX rpaniOK HajieJKHXb yjKHXOK y pnMax ny>KHx ÍMeH, 3 hkhmh pHMyioxbCH yKpai'HCbKi. Jlenio Bflajie, xoh KoxjinpeBCbKHfi ÍHOfli HaBÍXb BiflMOBJIHGXbCH BÍfl flOÖpOl pHMH B XaKHX BHnaflKaX. Oct. npHKJiaaH: Tpoio: rrHoio, Tpojnin,íb: rjiamjiB, TJ^nnoHa: :MOTopHa, nec: :3eBec, KynnnpHe: icTorae, najiiHyp: :6ajiaryp, AivraTa: :xaTa, AcTpei: iKasHanei, InnoJiHT: iBajiHTB, KaMHjijia: :K0ÖHjia, Mepicypifi:: MypHH, HenTyH: :iuKapAyH, JIaBHHa: rcjiHHa, íhj^hkíb :: AMMaJíHKÍB, EßpiflJioM: iKajiOM, EMdpioHa: :ivraKoroHa, Tojiiadp: rrjnrraB, 30H10:: Te3HdpOHK>( Kapdparem: :npHí>n,í i HeHi, TypH: :Bep3yH, EHefl::Kepefl, AßaHTa: xepjKaHTa, iiiKejieT::AßjieT, cpijio3oroi: :KpyTononn (n,e 3 CTapnioí TpaflHnii), i t. n,. Tane caMe KOMÍHHe 3MiniyßaHHiT nBox mob MaeMo b yicpami-3an,ii ÍMeH (xoh me b AMapTOJia „AjieKcaHap HjiHnoBHa" — Ma-KeHOHCtKHŮ): EHeö — Ahxh3Chko a6o EHefi Ahxh3obh*i, Tajiec — AraMeMHOHeHKO, Iyji — Iyji Ehôhobiih, 3eBec — CaTypHoBirq, In-nojiHT Te3eHOBHH, IlajiJiaHT EBaHflpoBHH, TjinnneHKo, chh Byji-KaHa UeKyji — KoBajieHKo; ÍMeHa yKpaÍHÍ30BaHÍ i íhiuhm ihjjhxom: EHeGHKO, Eßpycb; jkíhkh — Ipncn, JlaBHCs. A60 HeßTecoM bcí noro npajKHHjiH, no HanioMy hc to 3BaBCt> OxpiM... A60 EHeíí y neKJii: no nopo3i noBCTpinaßcn 3 rpoManpio 3HaKOMHx aym ... ... 3HaňnioB 3 TpoHHnJB ocb Koro: IleflBKa, TepeniKa, HlejiidpoHa, riaHBKa, OxpiMa i Xapna, JlecbKa, OjieniKa i CÍ3toHa, IlapxoMa, IcBKa i <í>ecbKa, CTeiĺbKa, OHHCbKa, OnaHaca, CBHpnna, JIa3apH, Tapaca, ôyjiH /JeHHc, OcTan, Obcíh, i bcí TpOHHUÍ, IUO BTOnHJIHCS, HK Ha HOBHaX 3 HHM BOJIOHHJIHCB | TyT 6yB BepHHropa Mycin. íle Bace HaôJiHíKeHHíi np „MaKapomnHoro" cthjiio 6apoKKa, nncaHHH nsoMa MOBaMH ycyMiniKy, inp Ha spálni 6yjio Majio po3-noBCioflJKeHO. Cyro m aKap o h i hhhx yKpamcbKO-jiaTHHCBKHx mícub b „EHeľni" KÍJiBKa, Ta nyjKe BnajiHx, hk ocb: EHefi, k npôpy 3 HaTypH ckjiohhhh, CKa3aB nocjiaM jiaTHHCBKHM TaK: JI a t h h y c pene gctb HeBroMOHHHŽ, a TypHyc necciinyc nypaK. I k b a p e BoioBaTB BaM m e k y m ! JIaTHHyca 6yri> nyTo u, e k y m, a Bac ceHbiiopec 6e3 yMa; JIaTHHycy pan, nai;eM nape, nepMino MepTBHx noxoBape, i 3J10CTH k o p a m Bac HeMa ... (nepeKJian. aaTHHCbKHX cjiiB 3a nopanKOM: JIaTHH nap, TypH Hafi-ripniHH, HOMy, 3i mhok>, JlamHa, BBaacaio ejiinHM, CTapnii, Jla-THHy, nam MHp, np3Boaaio, noxoBaTH, npora). iHina rpauiKa — imciabHa MOBa, 3 nepecTaBjieHHHM KiHi^iB pi3-hhx cjiiB (3a npHKjiaflOM OcinoBa): c EopmiB hk Tpn He noneHtKyeni, Ha MOTOpOHIHi 3acepflHHTb, i 3apa3 THrjIOM 3aKHIHKyGHI i B 6ypKOTi 3aKeHflIOHIHTb. Koan at mo HanxoM 3'a3HKaeni, i b Tepe6 np6pe 3acHBOTaGin, to Ha Beceai 3aHyTpHTb; 06 anxo BflapoM 3a3eMaioGHi, i Becb 3a6yn, cbLh 3roaon.yGHi i 6ir no ropa 3anopTHTb . .. ,Ho rpauioK HaaeacaTb i HaKynneHHa cHHOHiMiB a6o cnopiHHeHHX caiB, b „EHeifli" HanpHKJiaa aafioK: IToraHHH, Mep3bKHH, CKBepHHH, 6pHflKHH, HiKneMHHH, aaHenb, KaTeaHK, ryabBica, naKocHHH, npecTHRKHH, HeriaHHH, 3aoniH, epeTHK! a6o npoKJibOHiB (aici npBiB ni3Hinie no BipTyo3HocTH Toroab): MaH^pyH no caTaHH 3 poraMH, nexan To6i npncHHTbca 6ic,... i t. ^ JXo rpanioK HaaeacaTb i *mcaeHHi nepeaineHHa, ,,KaTaaorH" (Bmne npHKaann: iineHa, Mynn b neicai). Ot, Hanprncjiafl, nacTHHa „KaTa-aory" MeimcaHmB nenaa: IlajiHBOflH i Boaoinorn, Bci 3BonHHKH i Bci nayra, apHHCHHKH i BCI n'HHIOrH, *> OOMaHIHHKH i BCi MOTH, Bci bophc6hth, napoAii, Bci rannaMaiCH, Bci 3aonii', uieBD;i, KpaBH^i i KOBaai; 8W UeXH: pÍ3HHULKHH, KOHOBäJIBCbKHH, KymnipCBKHH, TKaUbKHH, UianOBaabCbKHII KHnijiH b neKJii bcí b cmojií. 5. Jlo HaöcjiaöniHX CTopiH „EHeinn" HaaeacHTb Bipni. IHp-npaBna, KoTaapeBCbKnn nepeÖHHB 3 pocißcbKoi jiÍTepaiypn „noTHpn-CTonoBHÔ hm6" (po3Mip: — ' — ' —' — ' —) Ta BJKHBäG noro flyace bmíjio, ne b noMy BHxonann no3a Meaci pociöcbKoi Tpa^nnii; 30Kpe-Ma, np6pe KopncTycTbca npBrHMH caoBaMH, mp npnBonaTb ap 3MeH-nieHHa KiatKOCTH HarojiociB y panicy, hkhö 3BynHTb npöpe n npn-poflHo: 3 oßcTpHaceHHMH roaoBaMH, " — '-----' — 3 o6pi3aHHMH neaeHaMH ... — '-----' — a6o: hk po3irpaaocB, 3aniHniao, ---'---' — 3anapnaocb, 3aKaeKOTiao ... — '-----' — Orpoípa noro 36ynpBaHa npöpe. Aae pHMa KoTaapeBCbKoro 6iaHa. BoHa 3BHHaHHo caaönia, híhc aacTo BHinyKaHa pHMa aeKoro 3 noe-tíb öapoKKa; BOHa 3ne6iabinoro „rpaMaTHHHa" (tí caini rpaMa-THHHi cpopMH): motophhíí : :npoBopHHH, K03aK: :6ypaatc, TpoamjiB:: aaHn,ÍB, naß: :HaKHBaB. He 6paKye i ,,3anx" phm: HenTyH: :3a6yB, TionaHB: rHacTHT, norayMHTbca: rcnacTnca. KoTaapeBCbKHH Mafiace He BHKopncTaB „HenoBHHX phm", npHHann Bipiny HIeBHeHKa (anB. VII. JX. 5), mp ix 3aBÍB ao uiTynnoi noe3Ü Bace CKOBopoaa, aKoro KoTaapeBCbKHH 3HaB (nop. IV. B. 7), Ta hkhx yacHBaaa HaponHa nicHa, a nonacTH i ôapoKKOBi Bipnii. npmcaann i'x b „EHeinľ' He-HHcaeHHi: EHei::3aeG, 3inniaa: :noMHinaaB, npecaoByraS: :6ým, to-mp. Phmh 3flaioTbca onHOMaHÍTHHMH TaKoac i nepe3 nacTe noBTO-peHHa THX caMHX caiß. nepeHociB Manace HeMac, — panpK Maňace 3aBHcnn CKaanaGTtca 3 n,iaoro peneHHH, -— n,e Teac poÖHTb Bipín OflHOMaHÍTHHM. 6. JXo HanenabHiuinx CTopiH „EHeinH" HaaeacnTb He amne mo-Ba, a h 6araTCTB0 thx noöyTOBHX TeM, npo hkí na MOBa onoBinae. „EHeina" He annie nepinno innpoKim caoBHHK yKpamcbKoi Hapon-Hoi MOBH, aae n nepnia eHUHKaonenja yKpaÍHCbKoi eTHorpacpii. Ha-ponHHii no6yT MaTepiaabHim, acHTao Ta BÖpaHHH, CTpaBH Ta Hanoi, My3HKa Ta Tamji, 3a6aBKH Ta noBcaKneHHe acHTTa, napn Ta n,ep-kobhhh no6yT — Bce — b cBÍTai MOBHoro 6araTCTBa „EHeinn" — npoxoHHTb nepen, onnaia nniana. BapTO raaHyTH Ha aKyeb CTopiHKy noöyiy. Oeb, HanpHKaan,, CTpaBH: 843 TyT íjiH pÍ3HÍI noTpaBH: CBHHHHy rojioBy n,o xpiHy i jioKiiiHHy na nepeMÍHy, noTÍM 3 nifljiHBoio íhhhk; Ha 3aKycKy Kyjiiin i Kainy, jieMiniKy, 3y6ui, nyTpio, KBaniy í 3 MaKOM MeflOBHH HiyjIHK. I Jiacomi Bce tíjibkh Ijih: CJiaCTLOHH, KOpJKHKH, CTOBnui, BapeHHKH nnieHHHHi 6ijii, nyxKi 3 KaB'apoM ôyxaHui; nacHHK, porÍ3, nacjiiH, KHcaHui, K03ejiLD;i, TepH, rain,, noayHHiji, KpyTii Hvm,a 3 CHpiBueM, i nyate BKycHyio hghihio ... .. . ijih öyßjiHKH, Kaß'ap; 6yB 6opm np uinyHflpiB 3 öypaKaMH, a b ioihhí noTpox 3 rajiyniKaMH, noTÍM n, o coKy KanjiyHH; 3 OTpiÖKH 6a6a, uiapnaHHHa, neneHa 3 nacmiKOM cBHrnraa, KpoxMajib, hkhů ínflTb naHH ... BÖHpajiH cmeHy KanycTy HiaTKOBany i oripKH — xon ue öyjio b nae M'aconycTy, — xpiH 3 KBacoM, peflBKy, 6ypaKH, paÖKa, TeTepio, caaaMaxy . . . i t. n,. Po3yMÍGTtcfl, TyT nepeMiniaHO naHCbKy Ta ceaaHCbKy KyxHio, ajie mo 3 uboro onncy He npHnaeTbca eHTorpacpii, npnaacTbca naa icTopii KyjiBTypH. TaK caMe oßpoöjiem onar, My3HKa, TaHU,i i t. s. HaHHÍKaBiiHe, mp KoTjinpeBCbKHO He 3ajiHHiae 6e3 yßarn i Ha-ponHoí cjiOBecHOCTH: ňoro 3ranKH npo nicHi ä Ka3KH TaK caMo H,i- KaBÍ, HK HHTaTH 3 HHX aÖO npHCJliB'fl Ta npHKa3KH (n,HB. BHIHp 3). KoTJiapeBCBKHH 3ran,ye k&3Kh : ,,3arpHM0TÍJia, Koonaana mob ro-jiOBa", „Ha híhchí KypamS CToajia Ta xaTKa", „np KHJiHM-caMOJibOT nyflecHHH 3a XMeaa BHTKaBca napa", „ocb cKaTepTb uijibOHCbKaa.. . Ha ctíji hk TijibKH HacTejiH Lsaranafi hkoi CTpaBH, to bchkí Bpo-HHTbCfl noTpaBH", ,,a ne can'aHHi-caMoxonH", „noonaab 6yB MajiHfi TejiecHK ... ho Soro Kpaaaca 3MÍa, KpmiaTaa 3 cím'k> raaBaMH. . . 3U „KoTHropox, Ibeih H.apeBH*i, Kyxap^hm, CyHHH i Hajieraq... Ko- inin 3 npecKBepHOK) Horoio i nypeHi, 3 CTynoio hoboio". 3ran,aH0 Ř nicHi: rpe6n;i i Becjia nojioHCHJin, Ta CHflH JIIOJie^KH KypHJIH i KyrHKajiH niceHbOK! K03anBKHX rapHHX 3anop03KCBKHX npo Cäranaa^Horo cniBajin, jiHÔOHb cniBajiH i npo Cm, hk b niKmepn Haônpajín, hk MaHRpyBaB K03aK bck» híh; IIojiTaBCbKy cjiaBHjin IIlBeRHHHy i HeHH HK CBOK> RHTHHy 3 RBopa npoBaflHjia b noxoa; hk nia BeHRepio BoiOBajin, 6e3 rajiymoK hk noMnpajin kojihcb, HK 6yB rOJIOflHHH TOfl. 3ran,aHO HapoflHi khhjkkh: „EoBa", „cjiaBHnn Jinijap Mapnn-naH", KoTJiHpeBCbKHH BHKopncTOBye Haponiri roJiociHHH Haa no-MepjiHMH n,jiH nonacTH rííícho 3BopyniJiHBoro iuiany MaTepi Eßpi-HJia. Ta g HaBÍTt cTpo(pa b cthjií HapoflHOi nicm: He XMapa coHiije 3acTynnjia, ne BHxop nopoxoM BepTHTb, He rajiHH nopHa nojie BKpnjia, He öyiiHHH b i Tep n.e inyMHTb. JJß bíhcbko nae BCiMa niJiHxaMH, rte paTHe 6ph3kothtb 30pyHMH... npaBaa, nefi Maiepinji He 3aBJKan neBHHií, 60 KoTjinpeBCbKira hí6h He poÔHTt pÍ3HHni MÍ3K CBoiM Ta HyHíHM, 3raayK)HH nonacTH, Hanp., pocincBKi Hapoani khhjkkh. KoTJiHpeBCbKHH 3raaye HapoaHi BipyBaHHH, Hanp., napn, öoro CnBHJiJia ... jiioaHM b HyHcai noMaraio: h im Ha 3BÍ3aax BopoHíy; KOMy hh TpacDjio oairHaTH, oa 3ayinHHi^b hh nomenTaTH, a6o i BOJioc Í3ÍrnaTi> — inenny, ypoKH nporaHHio, nepenojioxH BHJiHBaio, raaiOK yMÍK» 3aM0BJiHTi>... 31f5 aßo b neKJii: BinboM a ňOHCbKHM HaraeM n i a. r.a h h b ... 7. „EHei'aa" He 3obcím no36aBaeHa cepno3HHx ineoaoriHHHX mothbíb. KoraapeBCbKHH 6yB aionnHa peairifiHa, 3B'a3aHa 3 Tpann- hígio mícthkh, 3anenjieHa npc-CBÍHemcTK), a caMe 11 ryMaHHHMH ycTpeMjiiHHÄMH. noMinacMO b HbOMy neBHy nyTJiHBÍCTb Ta HaBiTt ceHTHMeHTajiBHicTb: ayTJiHBHH njiaa MaTepi EBpiHJia He enHHe ceH-THMeHTajibHe Miene noeMH — „EHeö cnonap nocyMyBaBHiH,... no-njiaKaBiHH i nopHnaBuiH. .. ", „npoinajinca i oOHÍMajincb, cjiÍ3bmh ripKHMH oöJiHBajiHCb". Hh3 HyTJiHBo Haranye Ebpíajiobí npo žoro ,(MaTH cTapyio", Ta h Eßpinji npoxae „IyJia EHeôoBHHa" oniKyBa-thch fioro MaTip'io, TypH nepen, CMepTK» 3ranaB cBoro „CTaporo ßaTBKa" Ta me — EHeö „TpoxH-Tpoxn He npocjibo3HBCJi" i t. n,. lUpnpaBna, nopya TaKHX nyjrax Micub 3apa3 3ycrpiHeMo hkhhcb bh6phk: Ahxí3, iho njiaKaB, npomaiOHHCJi 3 EHecM b neKJii ■— „KpHHaB, HK b MapTÍ KÍt" i. t. R. B CepH03H0My TOHÍ BHTpHMaHO neaKÍ ,,bhcokí" mích,ji, hk ot onHa npoMOBa BeHepn 30 3eBeca, a6o KiJibKa MeHuiHX Ta ôĺjibihhx naTeTHHHHX mích.b b pÍ3HHX nacTHHax. Cepiio3HÍ TaKOJK nejnri — ajie 3ne6ijibHia HeBnajii — oiihch, ajie ň b hhx npcHTb ByjibťapHHX cjiíb. MojKe grhhí mícha, b íikhx Kot-jiHpeBCBKHH yTpHMaBCH Bin. TpaBecTÍ'i, ne míchh MopajibHOro Ta ry-MaHHoro xapaKTepy: Jle ooinec np6po b ynan,Ky, 3a6ynb othh, 3a6ynb i MaTKy — jieTH noBHHHÍCTb icnpaBjíHTb 3a MHJiy Bce TepaTb totobí — KJieÜHOTH, JKHBOTH, oShOBH; OflHa HOpOJKHe MHJIOH — h e c T b. Bíh 3BopyiHJiHBo Majiioe npncTpaxH bíhhh: Tyae b JlaTii n3BÍH bíhj;obhh i racjio bcím k bíhhí nae, IH06 bchk jiaTHHeub 6yB totobhh k bíhhí, b any i'x 3JiicTb Bene. TaM KpHK, TyT rajiac, TaM KJienaJio, TicHHTbCH Jiion. i Bce Tpiiuajio ... BÍHHa b KpHBaBHx pH3ax Tyr; 3a Heio paHH, cMepTb, ysinaH, 6e36oJKHÍCTb i OeSHOJIOBÍanfl, xbíct MaHTÍl ií HecyTb. B BjijioMy BiflxoflHTb neHKOK) MÍpoK> BÍfl 3arajibHoro xapaKTepy TBopy Becb BejíHKHH onnc neKJia: TyT KoTjiHpeBCbKHÄ bhxohhb 3 30BCÍM íhhihx nmepeji, aHÍJK repoi'nHo-KOMÍHHa noeMa, a caMe 3 6a-poKKOBol pejiiriíiHoi noe3ii. Xon KapTHHH neKJia BHTpHMaHO b h,í-jioMy b cthjií napoflií Ha HaiBHÍ Haponm norjianH (me ôijibuie cna- 3^7 poflH30BaHHH paií), ajie KoTaapeBCbKHH i Tyi, 3axonaeHHH HenyatHM iioro n,yxoBÍ MopaJii3MOM, yTpHMyeTbca inoni aocHTb noBro BÍfl ByjibťapHHx BHpa3ÍB, nonac b nijioMy TpanHH,íhhh nepeaiK rpixiß Ta, 3Haexbca, He BimanKOBo CTaBHTb Maöace Ha noaaTKy panien: riaHÍB 3a Te TaM MopnyBajiH Í HíapHJIH 30 BCix 60KIB, mp jiionflM jibroTH He aaBaan Í CTaBHJIH IX 3a CKOTÍB . . . Ta h „bcím CTapiHHHaM. .. 6e3 po3Öopy", „cynjiHM, niacynKaM, nn-eapaivi", „hkí no npaBni He cynnan" i t. n,., He 3a6yBaG KoTaapeBCbKHH npH3HaHHTH BÍnnOBÍn.hí KapH; 3aTe KäpHKaTypHHH MaaiOHOK paio KoTaapeBCbKHH 3aKÍnaye nOBaaabHoio npOMOBOK) CnBHaaH, TaK xapaKTepH3yK>hh MeiuKaHnm paio: He ayMaô, inp6 6yan hhhobhí a6o mp rponien ckphhí noBHi, a6o B hkhx tobcthh HCHBÍT, ne ni Te, inp b hbíthhx acynaHax, b KapMa3HHax a6o can'aHax; He tí hc, inp 3 KHHraMH b pyKax, He amjapi, He po3ÖHUiaKH; He tí ne, mo KpnnaTb ,,i naKn", He tí, mp b 3oaoTHx nianKax. .. H,e, p03yMÍGTbCH, He „HaponpaiOÖCTBO", aae THnOBHH XpHCTHHHCbKHH noraaň, inp 3BHnaHHo fioro BHcaoBaioBaHo b onncax Ta KapTHHax CTpaniHoro cyny Ta „Toro CBÍTy"; i xpHCTHflHCbKHH nepeaiK „npa-BeflHHx" nonae KoTaapeBCbKHH aaai: ,,Ce 6inHÍ hhihí"> „Hp bhobh ôinm, 6e3noMoníHÍ", „H,e ríbh necHÍ, HenopoHHÍ", np — cnpoTH, ne — tí, „inp aionaM noMaraTb aioonan", „Tyr TaK ace CTapniHHa npaB-PiHBa", „ho TÍabKH TpoxH nboro ansa" — Ronac KoTaapeBCbKHH — Teac TpaflHííÍHHHH M0THB1, HapeuiTÍ: TyT aioan „bchkoto 3a-B i t y,... KOTopi npaBeaHe acnan" — nefi ocTaHHiö mothb xapaK-TepH3yc KoTaapeBCbKoro b onnei Toro CBÍTy, hk aionimy „npocBÍ-neHOCTH", inp ne 3B'a3yc cnaceHHa aionHHH 3 HaaeacmcTio np neB- hoí koh(peCÍl, BÍpH. OTace, xon i hk THxeHbKo, aae b „EHeiať' o3BaaHCa neaKi hoth ocíohoí Bjx&m KoTaapeBCbKoro aK aionHHH nyaoi, ceHTHMeHTaabHoí, peairiHHoi Ta Bace He no-CTapocBÍTCbKH, a Tpoxn no-MonepHOMy, „npocBÍneHo" peairÍHHoi, He aypHo ac bíh 6yB 6i6aioTeKapeM (piaii 6i6aiíÍHoro TOBapncTBa. npoTe, bíh He 3HaíiniOB naa cboíx nyMOK Ta ineaaiB cepH03H0*i (popMH. Bíh naB tboph (npo íhuií hhb. n.aai) 8}8 By3bKHX raTyHKiB, HKi MOrjIH 6 6yTH JIHUie HOnaTKOM, flOnOBHeHHHM flo flKoi'cL. iHinoi* JiiTepaTypn, pociiictKoi b ry6epHCBKÍH KaHHejiapii, Ta roßopHTb npo Bce, aic npo aicicb nHBa. Tßip no pěni cjiaÖKo oöpoöjieHo: g Kijitna noMHJiOK y pHMax, Tonip. 2. ilopyM MaScTpa TpaBecTÍHHoí noeMH ctoítb b yKpaÍHei>KÍH jiiTepaTypi MaácTep TpaBecTiíiHoi onH: ITeTpo TyjiaK-ApeMOB-CBKHH (1790-1865). Iljo bíh 6yB HeBn,ajiHH npocpecop 6e3 HayKOBHX npaiib Ta 3acjiyr, ajie 3 ncnxojioriGio Ta aMÔiniGio pociíícbKoro ypa-noBi^a, 3 nojiiTHHHOK) ineojioricio pociôcLKoro MOHapxicxa — He 3MÍ-hk)g Toro cpaKTy, mo bíh 6yB HansBH^aiiHo TajiaHOBHTHá noeT 3 Tex-hímhhm yMÍHHHM bhihhm 3a bmíhhh KoTjiapeBCbKoro. ryjiaK-ApTeMOBCBKHH nonaB me cryneHTOM 3 nepepiÖKH komíh-HOi noeMH „HajioS" Eyajibo MaíííKe nepKOBHOCJioB'aHCbKoio moboio, 3a uhm íihjih nepeKJiann ôapoKKOBHx Ta kjihchmhhx noeriß (2K. B. Pycco, Míjitoh, Pacm) Ha pociácbKy „BHCOKy MOßy" KJiacHMHoro CTHJIK». 1817 p. bíh noHaB nncaTH no-yKpai*Hci>KH Bipnii, Ta HanncaB 3a Bce CBOG 5KHTTH HeÖaraTO, ajie cpopMajibHo Han3BHHaSH0 bhkíh-neHHx BipniiB. Haööijibin b^ajii b CBOGMy poni „ITíchí TapactKa" — ne TpaBec-tíhhí nepecnÍBH on. Topania. ľlepecniBH ni nepesonsTb 3aBJKn,h oc-HOBHy nynviKy oflH b raioiiiHHy híjikom ByjibrapHoro cthjiio Ta mobh. CxyrriHb ByjibťapH3aiiii pÍ3HHÍi. YjiioojieHa MOBa TyjiaKa-ApTeMOB-cbKoro — MOBa n'aHHUb Ta jKapTÍBHHKÍB, ajie He öpanyc S cepno3- híuioí, JlipHMHOl MOBH. Ocl mp poÖHTb TyjiaK-ApTeMOBCbKHH Í3 ohh ropania, ne toh paniiTb ^XejiiGBÍ 3axoByßaTH jryiHeßHHH cnoKra, 60 i MCHTTa njia HaeojioflH i bcí íhhií cpopMH íKHTTa 3aKÍHHHTb HeBÖJiaraHa CMepTb: IlapxoMe, b inacri ne öpHKaß! B Hyflb3i npHTbMOM He Jii3b 30 He6a, jnoneä nHTan, cbíh po3yM Maíí; HK He MynpyH, a BMepTH Tpeöa... I hkí rann jnoncbKoro JKHTTa 3MajibOBye TpaBecria: Hh KopoTaeni bík b acypôi, hh to 3a nocTaBD;eM ropijiKH b niHHKy HapÍ3yiOTb toôí HHMÔaJIH, K0Ô3H i conijiKH, MH n'aHHH nin, thhom xponeni, m* 30 rocnonn jii3eni pa^kh i jKÍHKy MaKoroHOM 6'gih, iH caM TOBHemca Ha Kyjia^kh... S51 nopyn Uboro npaBna, i cepH03HÍnie: OpH i 3aciBaö jiaHH, koch uiHpoKÍ nepejiora, i rpouiHKH 3a 6amTaHH jiynH — Ta Bee onKHHeni Horn... B itíh mobí, b hkíh HaBÍTb yMepTH 3HaHHTb „onKHHyTH Horn" a6o ,,3'iicTH nyaio", cneprt 3BeTbca „CKaaceHa", My3HKa He rpae, a „Hapi3ye", „aacomi", npo akí Monte nyMaxH repoä Bipniy, ije „nac-jiíh, HHÔyaa", HaiiBHiHHH paHr y 3eMH0My jkhttí — „coubKHH", 3a-HHTTH jHOflHHH, npaBna, h „opara, 3aCÍBaTH" Ta „KOCHTH" „JiaHH H nepeaorn", ajie HopMaabHi — nepeÖyBaHHa „Ha neni", cnniHHH ,,3a nocTaBü[eM ropijiKH" i bcí tí, mp nepeainem Bnme b HaBeneHHX mi-TaTax. IH.0 TyjiaK-ApTeMOBCbKHH Miř nncara i b miuoMy cthjií no-Ka3ye xona 6 nepecniB npyroí onn ropan,ia, mo 3BepHeHa 3a- MÍCTb 30 XJIOÍ - „JX.o JIiOÖKH". BHTpHMaHHÍÍ KJIflCHHHHH JIHK0HÍ3M ropanja 3aMÍHeHo ninpoKoio ceHTHMeHTajibHoio Ta d;íjikom 3yKpaiHÍ-30BaH0K> moboio: Ha mo th, JIk)6ohko, K03anbKe cepíne cyninui! Horo, HK KÍ30HbKa MaHeHbKa Ta b 6opy, HJo - HH TO HÍJKKOK) CyXeHbKHH JIHCT 3BOpyiHHTb, hh BÍTepenb menHe, hh acoBHa ne Kopy Ha jiHni npnpBÔa, HH ain.ipKa 3eaeHa 3aHieaecTHTb b Kymi, BOHa mob ToponjieHa HPHHCHTB, HtaxaCTLCH, 3a MaTip'K) BTÍKa . . . Oh nac BJKe híbhhhí niBoijbKy nyMKy MaTb: He bík ace aroni npn riani nepBomTH, He bík npn MaTepi i nJBHi nÍByBaTb; oh nac TeaHTOHKo Bin. MaTKH BinaynHTH. Aae 3Hosy ,,yKpaiHÍ3ania" e hkhmocb 36oHeHHHM mobh, mo Mae HenpHpOflHO COaonKHH TOH („KÍ30HLKa", „MaHeHbKa", „cyxeHbKHH" i t. n..). TaK y PyaaKa-ApTeMOBCbKoro 3aBHcn.H. Aae n,iKaBo, m,o npn HiOMy, 3aMÍHK)K)hh BÍpuioBÍ po3MipH ropania Ha 3BHHaÖHHH pocifi-cbKHH po3Mip Bipniy, bíh HKocb yMie 3axoBaTH 3araabHy iHTOHanjio, TaK mp Hanp. n'aHHijbKa aipHKa „Ro napxoMa" 3ByHHTb, niiícHo, naTeTHHHo, — b H,b0My po3xoa,aceHHi 3araabHoro TOHy Ta 3MÍCTy — oflHH 3 ceKpeTÍB KOMi^iHoro BpaaceHHa TpaBecTÍH TyaaKa-ApTeMOB-CbKoro. Aae nopyn nboro i TpaBecTii n, i a k o m „HH3bKoro" CTHaio, „n'aHHHbKÍ": 352 Ox! ox! ox! ox! 3y6ÍB moct 3 hbox i Hir He npjmiycH! 3Khbít Ha cmíx, — 3 KOBaJIBCBKHH MÍX. 3flaeTLCH HC, i He HMycn! . . OflHa Hora iu,ocb HiKyTHJiBra, Spyra 3obcím 3aKJiHKJia. Tana HyflBra, Tana Tyra, m,o nopT 3Ha, ne i hítbch! 3. ryjiaK-ApTeMOBCBKHÖ nncaB He Jinuie ryMopHCTHHHi TpaBec-Ti'f. JXo cepöo3HHX noro TBopiB HajiettcaTB 6aÖKH (ycBoro cím). Eaä-KH — ohhh 3 yjiioßjieHHX faTyHKÍB KjiHCHu;H3My. BoHH MorjiH nnca-THCB jieruioK) Ta ,,hh3bkok>" mobok). CioHceTH ix nynce nacTO Tpan^-rj;ÍHHÍ, nepexoflHTB Bin, oflHoro ÖaÖKapn no npyroro. TyjiaK-ApTeMOBT CBKHH y3HB ciOHceTH CBoix 6aöoK 3 nojiBCBKHx 6aöoK I. KpaciuBKoro. Bíh 3HaHHo noiHHpHB nenici 3 HHx (Hanp. ,,riaH Ta coöaKa" — 3 4 Phhkíb KpaciuBKoro TyjiaK-ApTeMOBCBKHH poôHTB 183), nepenoB- HHBHIII pÍ3HHMH nOflpOOHI^HMH Ta ÓajiaKaHHHOK), flJlH HKOl OCHOBOK) bíh nacTo 6epe pÍ3HÍ Haponm BHpa3H, ru;o ninxonnjiH no öoro TeMH. iHoni Hacjiiflye bíh HaponHy cjioBecHÍCTB (nepejiiK HicemTHHip» y npB-riä öafiui „CojioniH Ta XiBpn"). MoBa jiHiue moni ByjiBťapHa. Ba-raTo He TaKHX nacrax y Haponmô mobí 3MeHuieHB: cjií30hbkh, pn6- Ka, pOTeHH, XBOCTHK, pÍ30HKH, y3eHBKHH, KaiHKa i T. fl. B OaílKaX 3BHHaHHo 30 eaMoro onoBÍnaHHH npHGnHyBajiacH „MopajiB", KOpOTKe noBnaHHH, HKe y ryjiaKa-ApTeMOBCBKoro 3aBHcnH — KOHKpeTHHH o6pa3, — bíh He bmíg 3(popMyjnoBaTH MopajiBHOi nyMKH b 3arajiB-HOMy peneHHi a6o He 3HaxonHTB n.JiH HBoro b Haponmií mobí cjiíb: Oh, npaBfly nnnHHa Heöora roBopHJia: IUp TÍJIBKH Ha CBÍTÍ BeJIHKHM pHÔKaM HCHTB, A HaM MajiHM b KyjiaK TpyÖHTB! a6o: Ujo Bor nocjiaB, hh to óaraTO, hh to TpouiKH, — B KyiHHp 3ajii3niH, íjia mobhkh ... yjiioöJieHa ôyjia BejíHKa 6aÔKa ,,IIaH Ta coôaica", b hkíh y6a-MajiH caTHpy Ha KpinairTBO, i b hkíh híhcho g ripKÍ cJiOBa npo ce-jiHHCBKy aojiio. Ocb KopoTeHBKa ,,npHKa3Ka": 353 UÍKaBHH Ta MOBayH. HiKaBHH, MoBnyna 3ycTpÍBiUH pa3, cnHTaB: „Bin, Horo rojiocHHÍi TaK n3BÍH toh Ha fl3BÍHHHni?" — „Bin, Toro, mo (kojih He BTHeni cel nypHHiji) B CepeflHHÍ, HK TH, nopojKHÍH bíh" CKa3aB. He3aKÍHneHe nocjiaHHa (tok kjihchhhhh raTyHOK) no Kbítkh „CnpaBHtHH flOÔpiCTB" TeJK He 3HaX0flHTB CepÖ03HHX CJIÍB RJIH. MO-paJIBHHX nHTaHt, npo ÍIKÍ B HbOMy roBopHTBca. CepH03HÍ, xoh Tpo- xh BaacKyBari, nepecniBH ncajiMÍB, noKa3yiOTb, ino TyjiaK-ApTeMOB- CBKHH Miř, 3K6h XOTÍB, rOBOpHTH i ÍHHIOK) MOBOK) i yTBOpHTBL bhco-KHH KJIHCHHHHH yKpaÍHCBKHH CTHJIB: KynH Bin, nyxa h Tboto i ne cxoBaioct? JJp Bin, jiHira TBoro BTe^y a i npHTaK>ct? Hh b He6o nojiHHy, to h Th jk Ha HeöecH, íhb neKJio 3cyHycÄ, to h b neKJii Th ecn. Ilo3HHy Kpnjia ji y paHHBOi 3ÍpHHni, KpaS Mopa nojieny, ne h He jiiiajiH nranj — i TaM nocnieni Th pyKOio 3axonHTt, npyroio b rjiHÖHHi MeHe MopcBKiS chhhhtb ... Ajie BHcoKoro cthjiio TyaaK-ApTeMOBCBKHH He yrBopHB, i b ubo-ro npeflCTaBHHKa yKpamcbKoro KJiacnn,H3My jíiTepaTypa yKpaiHCBKa jiHiue flonoBHeHHa n,o aKoicb íhiuoi, npnoBHeHHa 3 kíjibkox BHnaflKO-bhx Ta 3n.e6ij1t.Hia ByjibťapHHx mobokd ťaTyHKÍB. Rjix HeBHcoKoro piBHa jíiTepaTypHo-TeopeTHHHoro nyMaHHa Ty-jiaKa-ApTěMOBCBKoro xapaKTepncTHHHo, mo bíh He 3ycTpmyB hoboí noKJiHCHHHoi JíiTepaTypn 3 aKHMHeöyflb onopoM, jik ne poÖHjiH kjih-CHKH BcioflH^ Bíh „nepeKJiaB" TBopn HOBoro, HeKJiacHHHoro rany, 6a-jiaflH ,,riaH TBapflOBCbKHH" MiiiKeBH^ia Ta „PH6ajiKy" TeTe. Ajie h ul nepeKaaflH bhhuijih TpaBecTÍjiMH. 3 cepäo3Hoi öananti FeTe bíh 3po-6hb ocb mp: Bona niyMHTb! . . Bona ryjia! . . Ha 6epe3Í pn6ajiKa MOJioneHbKHH Ha nonjiaBen,B rjianHTb i npoMOBjía: JIOBÍTBCH, pHÔOHBKH, BeJIHKÍ i MajieHBKÍ . . . IH.0 pnÖKa c m h k, to cepne tbox!.. Ajk — r y ji h k ! 3 bohh n,íb*niHOHbKa njiHBe, i Kocy 3HÍcye i 6pÍBKaMH Moprae... BoHa fi Mopra, BOHa ň KHBa:... 35k KOJIH 6 TH 3HaB, HK pHÓajIKEM y MOpi jkhtb 13 pHÔKaMH rapHeHBKO, TH 6 caM nipHyB Ha hho k jiHHaM i napyöoHBKee onnaB 6h HaM cepn,eHi>KO ... BoHa JK Mopra, BOHa ň cniBa... r y ji b k ! ., npHCHyjiH Ha chhím Mopi CKajiKH!.. PHÔajiKa x ji m n! .. 3a hhm iuyôoBCTt BOHa!.. I 6íjibhi mne He SaHHjiH pnöajiKH ... TyT i cpopMH, mo Tenep enpHHMaioTBCH hk nJÄJieKTHi (ryjia, Mopra, cniBa...), i Tam nncjieHm KopoTKi fliecjiÍBHÍ dpopMH, mo ix yjKHTOK poÔHTB BpajKeHHH naponií: cmhk, tbox, ryjiBK (oBa pa3n), xjiion, uiySoBCTB, a rojioBHe tí 3MeHuieHHfl, hkhmh ryjiaK-ApTeMOB-cbkhh TaK nacTO KopHCTyGTBCH, hí6h ihoô Han,aTH BpameHHH Hapon-hocth mobí: MOJioAeHBKHH, nonjiaBen.B, phöohbkh, cepn,eHBKO, ko- XaHHHHKO, nÍBHHHOHBKa, ÔpiBKaMH, JIIOÖeHBKHH, räpHeHBKO, COHeH-ko, HepBOHeHBKHH, BecejieHBKl, 3ÍpOHBKH, HlJKeHBKH, KÍCTO^KH, ľJIHO- HieHBKO ... — n.e b 40 pHflKax! Hk6h mh He 3HajiH nepecnÍBÍB ncajr-míb ryjiaKa-ApTeMOBCBKoro, MOJKHa ôyjio 6 nyMaTH, mo bíh B3arajii BBajKaG yKpai'HCBKy MOBy 3a HenpH^aTHy 30 BHCJiOBy cepSo3HHX nyMOK. ĽĽfe ripniHH „nepecniß" poMaHTH^HoI TparinHO-noxMypoí ejierii TlepMOHTOBa „IlenajiBHo h rjiHJKy na Hanie noKOJieHBe". B toö nac, hk aBTop ejierii* eyMyG Han, TBopnoio HenponyKTHBHieno cynacHOi re-Hepanií, „nepecnÍB" pac TaKÍ TpaBecTiimi panien: 3 noxMÍjijiH HyflHTBCH, íhhtb 3a ropoönn, 06 CeMeHÍ flpHHcaTB, 06 üexpi 3paHKy mjiíiotb; a cxonHTBCH Tpncnn . . . rBajiT! KJinnie naHOTU,H! . . I KOJiH JlepMOHTOB HcajiKyc, mo öoro cynacHHKH He 3aJiHinaTB Ha-m,an,KaM n,o6poí nyxoBoí cnan,iuHHH, TyjiaK-ApTeMOBCBKHH TpasecTye: HixTo no íx nyini Ta ä He jiH3He ropijiKH. I poKiB nepe3 cto Ha nsHHTap npHÖpe BHyK, ne rpinrai koctí Ix b opy k o n h n, 10 cnepjiH, noBepHe nepen Ix, Ta b jio6 Horoio c t y k ! Ta h CKaHíe: „hk jkhjih, TaK n, y p h h m h i BMepjín!" 4. Tpeöa BH3HaTH MOBHy MaöcTepmcTB TBopiB TyjiaKa-ApTeMOB- CBKOro: CJIOBHHK IX ÖaraTHH, HHCJieHHl piflKÍ CJIOBa, BHCHTO He Jiňme „HopaMajiBHol" noBCHKfleHHo'í MOBH, ajie h HíapťoHÍB, MaöyTB, nepe-nyciM, n'HHHiĺBKoro, nyMauBKoro, ceMÍHapcBKoro i t. n,., ceöio oco6- 355 JiHBO ByjibťapHHX. pa3eojiorÍH He MeHin öaraxa, aHiat y KoTjinpeB-CbKoro. TyjiaK-ApTeMOBCbKHH nninacTbCH OKpeMHMH BHpa3aMH, inp bíh, MaöyTb, ysaJKHo 36npaB nporaroM cBoro híhtth. /Jo Toro mobí HOrO aJK HÍHK He MOHÍHa 3aKHHyTH HaBÍTB thx flpiÓHHX nOMHJIOK, mp-flO HHCTOTH - pyCH3MÍB, nOJIbOHÍ3MÍB, CJIOB'hHÍ3MÍB, HKÍ 3HaäneMO b KoTJiHpeBCLKoro: HäBÍTi> y nepecniBax ncajiMÍB cjiob'hhÍ3mh Hennc-jreHHi, MOiKe MeHHi HHCJieHHi, híjk y IIIeB^eHKa. — H,e cnpH^iHHHjiocH Ho Toro, mo fioro TBopn TaK i;íhhjih HaBÍTb poMaHTHKH (KocTOMapoB, Kyjiiin), hkí 6yjiH im nyxoM uijikom nynci. H,ÍKaBo, in,o po3MÍp Hail jiinyBaHHH HapoHHOi nicm (TeMH 3 ponnHHoro jkhtth aBTopa) y Ty- JiaKa-ApxeMOBCBKOrO - HapOHHHH, He TOH 3BHHaHHHH „tohíhhhh" Bipui, HKHM bíh, HacjiinyiOHH pociôcbKi BÍpuii, nHHie iHRe (nop. VII. 74. 5). 5. He 6e3 BnjiHBy o6ox MaficTepiß TpaBecTÜ nncajin íhiuí aB-Topn. KßiTKa BHflpyKyBaB (1833) „HlnnraHKH a6o no-MocKOBCBKOMy enirpaMn" (6). EijienbKHH-HoceHKo HanncaB HHCJieHni, noHan, 300, 6aÖKH ■— ,,npHKa3Kn", mp bhôľujih ApyKOM jinnie 1871 p.; b íhiuhx CBo'ix TBopax-nepeKjiapax bíh Hacjiinye BHce poMaHTHKÍB (nnB. VII, €); CTenaH PynHKOBCbKHfi (1784-1851) jihhihb 6aÔKH Ta Ka3KH, OrenaH nneapeBCbKHH (BMep 1839 p.) m. i. nicni, neTpo nncapes-CbKHH — 6aÖKH, K. ny3HHa (1790-1850) — onn, m. i. yKpamcbKy HapoROJiioÖHy ony „MajiopoccHHCKHÖ KpecTtHHHH" (i nojiÍTHHHO-pa-RHKajibHÍ onn — KJiHCH*ma (popMa). BjiacHe no3a MencaMH jíiTepa-TypH ByjibťapHe BipniOBaHe onoBinaHHH npo CMepTb n'HHnn,i ,,BaKy-jia HMHp", BHflpyKOBaHe b yKpaiHCbKin rpaMaTHni naBJíoBCbKoro (1818). Híxto 3 iuix aBTopiß He niflHocHTbCH noHan, cepenmH pißeHb. —-IíiKaBo BÍR3HaHHTH jinnie cnpoÖH HacjiiflyBaHHH HapoRHHx nieenb — HaHJiinmi y KoTjinpeBCbKoro Ta Kbítkh b ix n'ecax (n,HB. T), — bo-hh 3aRJKRH ceHTHMeHTajibHi, híjkhí Ta ,,cajibOHOBÍ"; — ne rem. Hop-Ma HacjiiflyBaHHH niceHb y kjihchuhctíb, rjih hkhx HapoflHa nicHH — jinnie jíiTepaxypHa 3a6aBKa; u,íjikom 3míhhjioch n,e b poMaHTHKÍB. 6. Be3ípopMHHH ,,kjihchb;h3m" 3 ROMÍHiKaMH me 6apoKKOBo'i rpa-n^qií naHyBaB noBro b 3axin,HÍH YKpaiHi. He, HanpnKJian,, naHeri- PHHHÍ ohh Í TBOpH „BHCOKOrO CTHJIK>", HK „JIoMOOOJIÍg" O. JleBHUb- Koro, 1822 (nepeKJian.), a6o ,,Bo33pŤ,me cTpaniHjiHina" (noBÍHb b neniTi) C. «I». JlHCHHen;bKoro, 1838 p. CnpoÖH nepeÖTH 3 nepKOB- hocjiob'HHCbKO-yKpaÍHCbKOl TpaflHUll Ha pOCÍHCbKy, p03yMÍGTbCH, He MOrjIH aaTH ÓaJKaHHX HaCJlÍn,KÍB, XOn JleBHUbKHH Í BHXBaJIHG TOH „H3biK", Ha HKOMy bíh nnnie: nycKan Běsni nncaTb HCKyccTBo coBepmeHHO, Tbl 3Haenib, hto HSbiK-b Hanrb jiyHine HecpaBHeHHO, 356 ne coöpaHt h3t> HpyrHxt, oh npeBHHfi KopeHHofi, HcnojiHeHT. Bcixi. KpacoTi., öoraTbiH caMT> coßofi; BTj HeiVľB nTHMbHXTj nOCBHCTOB'b, npOTHJKHBIXTj HT.TB HantBOBt, HH 3ByK0Bt HeMHJiBixt, HH hhkhxtj yxy peBOB'b, KaKÍH CJIBIHiaTCfl Bl HyjKHXTj HSBIKaXT» HaMTj, 3aTT,IVľB, HTO HaHľB H3BIK OTTj HHXT. CBOÔOH.eH'b CaiVTB . . . Hi, me po3MipHo Bnajii ph^kh, no pěni, BiaroHHTB hí6h HaBÍTB poMaH-THHHHMH nyMKaMH npo My3HHHÍCTB mobh! Ha ninKapnaTTi nepecni-ByBajiH pociöcBKHx kjihchkíb (CyMapoKOBa). Ajre 3 HeBejiHKoro Ma-Tepinjiy, HKHH BÍ30MHH, HaHinKaBimi fleHKi Bipuii pÍ3H06ÍMHOrO Ba-CHjia TtoBroBHHa (1783-1849, BHn,aB 1832 p. 18 Bipmiß). Bíh He jiHine nHHie qijiKOM cjiob'hhcbkí ohh, ajie fi nae kjihchuhcthmhí nicHi-rpaui- KH, 3 3HaMHOK> nOMÍlHKOIO HaponHOl MOBH." 3acniBaH mh, 303yjieHBKo — Ky! Kofi TH cniBaui, mhí jiereHBKo — Ky, Ky! no 3ejieHHx nyöpoBHHax, Ky! ■qyTH rojioc no 3BopHHax, Ky, Ky! a6o TpaBecTi'i, „n'HHHiibKi nicni": JJypeHb 6eM h acypHTHca Ta ä neKOJiH He bhhthch, Kofi i TOMy Mac. ÍKypn rojiÍB JieM CTapaiOTb, ci^HnaMH nponinÖaiOTB, Kofi 6h me He nac. Hafi ch AypHTB cTapi ninn, KOTpHM 6pajiH yjKe cinn, — CTapi ninn —CKyniHfln! A60: Majio inacra Ty Ha cbítí — 6ina b 3hmí, ßina b jiítí CHpOTaM jiioneM ... JlK>6a MOH rojryÖHiie, ropijinaHa KopMajKHu,e! He na,b 6eM th i 3a cecTpy h 3a Man MHJiy nocecTpy. 557 B Teôe poTHK rež KpyranaKa, a žme hkí Mynpi anaita. Ko6h th mh inoaoBaaa, Haô 6n co6i JKOHa cnajia... O, KOÖH MOJK 3B0p0JKHTH, Te6e Ha acoHy 3míhhth, oöecB poHHJia híbhhhh, XOH MOTHpH KOpnaaCHHH ... BiflOMHH aBTOp D;epKOBHOCJIOB'íIHCBKO-yKpaiHCbKOÍ rpaMaTHKH (pÍK 1830), Mhx. JlynKafi, TpaBecTye Obíhíh. TpannijiH oh rarHeTbca i ho ni3HiiHHx aaciB y TaanaHHi Ta Ha niflKapnaTTi. f. JJpaMaTHHHa JirrepaTypa 1. I npaMaTHHHi TBopn yKpaÍHCBKoro KaacHHH3My HaaeacaTb 3He6iabHia ho HeranoBoro raTymcy — ne ,,KOMÍaHÍ onepn" b Toniai-HBOMy po3yMÍHHi n,boro caoBa, ceÔTo aerai KOMenü 3 OKpeMHMH cni-BäME. Bohh HaB'a3yiOTbca ho Tpannnii iHTepMefliŕí Ta iHTepaionin 6a-poKKOBoi" HpaMH Ta ho „komíhho'í onepn" 3axinHboi, a nonacTH pocin-CBKo'i, 3 íí Hanöiabiue 3HaHOio npencTaBHnneio „MeabHHK — Koa-HyH, o6MaHmHK h CBaT" A. AÔaeciMOBa (1748-1783, „Meabroma" BHCTäBaeHo Bnepnie 1779 p.). Aae 3a aaciß öapoKKa komíhhí cireHKH 6yan anme 3anoBHeHHHM naB3 y noBaaíHHx npaMaTHnHHx BHCTaBax, pociôcbKi „onepn" 3'aBHaHca noöia cepno3HHX Tparenio Ta komchíh, a yKpamcbKa npaMaTHHHa aiTepaTypa i b cčpepi HpaMH BHHBHaa Ty ac ocHOEHy pncy yKpaiHCBKoro KaacHHH3My, mo ô íhiuí ťaiyHRn: ,,He-noBHa Hania" Maaa anme „HenoBHy aiTepaTypy". B KoacHOMy pa3i, i npaMaTHaHa aiTepaTypa cnpnaaa HanioHaabHOMy npoôynaceHHio tí- 6IO CaMOK) CBOGH3 CTOpoHOK), UJO H ÍHUlÍ ťaTyHKH: HapOHHOK) MOBOKX 2. riepniHMH aacTÍBKaMH 6yan, 3HaeTbca, oohhbí n'ecn KoTaa-peBCBKoro: „onepeTa" „HaTaaKa IIoaTaBKa" Ta „BoneBiab" „Moc-Kaab-aapiBHHK" (BHCTäBaeHo oohhbí 1819 p.). íle n'ecn míhíhtjophoí dpopMH. 3míct ix TpanHqiHHHH — HaTaaKa sipHo Koxae 6iflH0-ro napyÔKa IleTpa, hkhh MaHapye Ha ayacHHi, b upň aac ho He'i Bh-6opHHH CBaTae Bo3Horo, MaTH BMOBaae HaTaany noroHHTHca bhh-th 3aiviiac 3a Bo3Horo, aae noBepxaeTbca IleTpo, i Bo3hhh HaBÍTb caM Honoivrarae 3'eHHaHHH> niacaHBHx KoxaHĽriB. „MocKaab-aapiBHHK" — oöpiÖKa aerKo'i aHeKHOTH 3a 3pa3KOM dppaHiiy3bKoro BoneBiaa: ho TeTHHH b BÍHcyTHocTi ii noaoBÍKa-ayMaKa Baanjae KaHneanpHCTa 4>hhthk; aKpa3 Koan TeTaHa 3 <3>hhthkom 36npaK)TBca Beaepara, no-BepTaeTbca noaoBÍK TeTHHH, MHxafijio HynpyH; MocKaab-nocToa- 358 jient, mo nincjiyxaB po3MOBy TeraHH 3 <í>hhthkom, BHnaG ce6e 3a ■qapiBHHKa, npn HonoMo3i,,Hap" 3HaxonHTb cxpaBH Ta „nopTa" — <í>HHTHKa, HKOrO h BHraHHG 3 xaTH. Tpeôa cKa3aTH, mp KoTjiapeBCBKHH, 30KpeMa b „HaTajnij IIoji-TaBHi", bhhbhb HHMajiHH npaMaTypriHHHH XHCT, nonaBHiH nyace hc- hhh P03BÍH HÜ", Han3BHHaĚCHO jkhbhh nJHJIOr, neBHÍ MOMeHTH 3 h,pa- MaTHHHHM HanpyjKeHHHM, nocKijiBKH lie mojkjihbo öyjio b JierKiä n'Gci. Mobho, a nonacTH h ncnxojiori^Ho fliöoßi ocoôh cxapaKTepn-30BaHÍ npöpe, xoH KoTjiflpeBCBKHH i He öaraio BiiranaB caM, a hihob 3a Tpaniniieio, — KpiM jiiTepaTypHoi HeyKpaiHCBKOi, h 3a Tpan,hu,iGio ÍHTepMefliH Ta Bepreny. OnpeMi pojii nyace „Bnjram" n,jiH BHKOHas-iiiB. Ajie nopy*i ntoro g h CHTyani'i ň cn»eHH npHMÍTHBHO-K.apHKaTyp-Hi Ta ceHTHMeHTajiBHo-jiÍTepaTypHÍ, CejiHHH Tyr ne He cejiHHH, a djih cajiBOHOBol BHCTaBH npHHenypem „neÉ3aHH", hk iiBoro ö BHMarajia KJiiicH^Ha noeTHKa. TeaTpajiBHi BJiacTHBocri n'cc Ta i'x icTopH^ma BapricTB i noci yrpHMyioTB Ix y TeapajiBHOMy penepTyapi. TlyJKe npôpa MOBa, Ha neil pa3 thx KapHKaTypHo-npocTai^bkhx ejieMeHTÍB, hk b „EHei'ni" Ta on,i, MafijKe 30bcím HeMac. Ta Haň-chjibhíhihh 6ík o6ox n'cc, 30KpeMa 3H0By „HaTajiKH" — niceHHi ho-Mepn (20 b „HaTajmi", 12 b „MocKajieBi"). Bohh pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍ — pociicBKi h yKpa'ÍHCBKi, THnoBÍ onepm HH BoneBÍJiBHÍ HOMepn, ,,Kyn-jieTH", apii, inyeTH Ta aHcaMÔjii, ajie nopy*i Htoro i ceHTHMeHTajiBni pOMaHCH, Ta HaBÍTB HaCJliflyBaHHH HapOflHHX niceHB. XOH H.Í OCTaHHl ÍHoai i BHnaflaiOTB Ha30BHi flocHTb HiTy^He, Hanp., nonijiem Ha He- HapORHÍ CTpO(pH, ajie B HHX KoTJIHpeBCBKHH BJKHB TÍG1 MeTOHH, HKa ôyjia BinoMa bh-ce ň BipiuonHCHHM öapoKKa — MOHTaJK HiTyqHoi nic-hí 3 OKpeMHX ypHBKÍB, 3ano3H^eHHX 3 HapoflHHx. Haojiinnii 3 HHX i CTajiH nÍ3HÍnie HaponHHMH nicHHMH. 3oKpeMa iriKaBo, mo Kotjih- ' peBCBKHH, flOTpHMyiOHHCH B pOCÍHCBKHX HOMepaX pOCÍHCBKOrO TOHÍH- Horo Bipniy, yKpamcbKi nicHi nnme po3MÍpoM, hkhh HanSBH^aHHO BÍnXHJIHGTBCH BÍfl TOHÍHHHX HOpM; BÍH npHHMaG pHTMÍHHy HOpMy yK- paiHCBKoi nicHi, TaKi nicm, hk „Bík)tb bítph", „JJjn, pyni-iH", „Horo jk Bona KajiaMyTHa", „Oň, nij\ BHiHHeio" i t. n,. MaroTt OKpeMi npHKpa-ch HeHaponm: TpanHiiÍHHÍ b HiTynHifi nicm tíg'í noôn ceHTeHnii: „Bin.-híctl i ÔaraTCTBo GCTb EojKa bojih, 3 mhjihm íx híjihth — macjiHBaH hojih", „ne 3rona b ciMencTBi, TaM Mnp i THHiHHa"; ceHTHMeHTajibHy MejIHHXOJIÍHHÍCTb: „3ľOpHy H pyaeHBKH, 3ropHy H 6ÍJieHBKÍ, Ta H He- 3KHBHH CTaHy", „a h MapHO nacH Tpany, o^hh b cbítí tíjibkh njiany" (B3arajii „njiaaeTtcH" b nicHHX KoTjinpeBCtKoro 6e3nepecTaHHo); pOMaHCOBÍ 3B0p0TH: „CnÍHIH, MHJIHÖ!"; pOCÍHCBKHH naTpÍOTH3M'. „... n;ap 6ÍJIHH, ayjKe cmíjihh" i t. 3.; ajie nopyq n;boro i THnoBÍ npHKpacH HapoHHoro niceHHoro cthjiio, — eniTeTH: bítph „öyimi", mhjihh - „HOpHOÔpHBHH", pÍHKa - „HeBeJIHHKa", nOJie - „HHCTe", 359 pyneHtKH — „6ijieHi,Ki" i t. 3., napncTi cypaRHi caoBOcnoayKH: „CpÍ6jIOM-30jiotom", „bhhom-MenOM"; nOBTOpeHHÍi: „B i K) T b BÍTpH, b i h) t b ôyHHi", „roMÍH, r o m i h no fliôpoBÍ"; napajiejiÍ3MH: „Moro ac Boaa KaaaMyraa? Hh He XBnaa 3Ônaa? Horo at i a CMyTHa Tenep? Hn He MaTH 6naa?", „BiiOTb BTipn. .. O, hk Sojihtl mog cepíne.", „TyMaH nojie noKpnBaG . . . Maxn cnHa nporaHaG"; oKpeMi niceHHi paflKH, hk: „oh 6yB, Ta HeMa, Ta noiixaB 30 MjiHHa", „Ha no-jií, na nicoHKy, 6e3 pocn Ha cohijí...". KoHTaapeBCbKHn nepeOMac h cjio-B'aHCbKi Bipmi, hkí HaranyiOTb BepTenm: „Oh, rope mhí rpiniHHKy cymy", hí6h ÔapoKKOBy „nicmo cBÍTOBy" — „Oň flojia aroflCbKan — npjiH cert cainaa", mp n npnnncyBaHo cb. ^mhtpobí TynTaaoBi, no-aHHac iHUiy nieHK) 3 CKOBoponHHCbKoro paflKa „BcaKOMy ropo3y HpaB i npaBa", aae npoflOBateHHa He CKOBoponnHCbKe, Ta aeflße an h Haponne „aipHHnbKe". OTHte, i spaMaranm TBopn KoTaapeBCbKo-ro g TaKHMH caMHMH 3ÔipKaMH yKpamcbKoro MaTepiaay, hk öoro „EHeí^a". Aae BpaateHHH B13 hhx 3HaHHo MeHui HapoflHe, híhí Bin. „EHeiHH": ťaTyHOK „EHeiRH" BHMaraB neBHoi „HeaiTepaTypHocTn", ťaTyHOK „komíhhoí onepn" 3 HaposHoro hchtth BHMaraB „caabOHO-bocth" i KoTaapeBCbKOMy B^aaoca noflara n'ccn 3 ceaaHCbKoro atHT-Ta naa caabOHy Ta „nicHi", mo He 3BaataiOHH Ha pacHi Hapo3HÍ eae-MeHTH b hhx, —- Bee at „nceB30Hapo3HÍ". ÍXk> xapaKTepncTHKy mh He noBHHHi BBaacaTH 3a 3aKHfl öaTbKOßi hoboí yKpaiHCbKoi aixepaTy-pn: CTnab noro TBopiß 3yM0BaeHHÖ CTnaeM noro aacy, noeTHKOio KaacHiíH3My. 3. I n'gch KoTaapeBcbKoro He nosóaBaem neBHoro i^eoaoriHHO-ro 3a6apBaeHHa, 30KpeMa „HaTaana IIoaTaBKa". H,e 3a6apBaeHHa — THnoBHH aaa KoTaapeBcbKoro npocBiaeHHÖ ryMaHÍ3M. HecHOTa Ta floöpo nepeMaraiOTb yci nepeniKonn, xoa nepeniKORH TyT i He Tani BeanKi. Fepoi KoTaapeBcbKoro M'aKocepnHÍ Ta nyTanBi, hk bíh caM. I nocKiabKH bohh 6aH3bKÍ 30 3ÍHCH0CTH, xon 6h cbogk) mobok) (30-CHTb nopiBHHTH 3 Heio Henpnpo3Hy Ta HeHaposHy MOBy pociScbKnx „komíhhhx onep"), n'ccn KoTaapeBcbKoro Maan Han.ioHaabHe 3Ha-neHHa, npoôysacyiOHH aioóoB 30 yKpaiHCbKoro Hapo3y, 30 aKoro caM aBTop cTaBHTbca b n'ccax 3 neBHOio HiacHicTio, mpnpaB-3a, 30 yKpamcbKoro „neH3aHa", a He 30 cnpaBacHboro ceaaHHHa; n,a Í3eaaÍ3anÍH xapKTepHCTHHHa i 3aa nÍ3HÍniHX enox yKpamcbKoro atHTTH, He 3ypHo ac b 20 Bin,i Bhhhhh6hko Mir ine HanncaTH cboio KOMe3Íio-naM(paeT „Moao3a KpoB". 4. BaTbKO MnKoan Foroaa, Bacnab roroaL-HHOBCbKHH (BMep 1825 p.) HanncaB 3BÍ n'GCH, 3 aKHX 03Ha „PoMaH Ta IlapacKa" a6o „ITpocraK" 3Ôeperaaca, a 3pyra — ,,Co6aKa-BÍBn,H" — BÍ30Ma 3 ne-peKä3y Ta míraT. BncTaBaeHO n'Gcn míhc 1822-25 pp., aae HanncaHo ix Moate fi pamme. „Co6aKa-BÍBn,a" — nepepiÖKa Hapo3Hoi aHeK30- 360 TH npo Te, HK MocKajib oonypiOG ceaaHHHa, 3aneBHaiOHH áoro, m,o niKana (y roroaa — BÍBna) „He uiKana, a MocKajib" (y roroaa —■ cooana). CioaceT „PoMaHa Ta üapacKH" — TpoxH ycKaanHeHHä Ba-piaHT „MocKaaa-napiBHHKa"; aae Toroab He bhchb {ppamry3bKoro Boneßiaa, hkhm KopncTyBaBca KoiaapeBCbKHH. Il'eca Foroaa b ne-HKHX cijeHax 3HanHo KapHKaTypmma, amac „MocKaab-napÍBHHK", 3aTe BOHa BÍa,xonHTb yate Bin raTyHKy onepeTH 3 fioro Henpnpon-híctio (HeMae HHcaeHHHX cnißiß) Ta HaöanacyeTbca no cnpaBHCHboi HaponHoi KOMenii. OpHťiHaabHÍnie b roroaa — „MaKapoHÍ3M" öoro TBopiB, — y hhx 3Haxoa.HMo (npo „Co6aKy-BÍBu;io" MoaceMO TaK npn-nycKara 3a iľ ninoBHMH ocoÔaMn) MimaHHa pi3Hnx mob — yKpam-CbKoi, pocincbKoi" Ta nepKOBHo-caoB'HHCbKoi, hkoio roBopnTb naK, inp b roroaa BinnoBÍnae <í>hhthkobí KoTaapeBCbKoro: n,e MimaHHH mob no peni onna 3 Hanöiabninx npmcpac CTnaio Toroaa-cnHa b áoro pamniHx pociöcbKHx onoBÍnaHHax. TeaTpaabHO Ta aiTepaTypHO „Po-MaH Ta riapacKa" He ripina Bin n'GC KoraapeBCbKoro. 5. Pannie KpoKOM Ha3an e „ynpaiHCbKa onepa" „CßaTaHHa Ha roHnapÍBu;i" Kbítkh, 3 npnMiTHBHHM cioaceTOM — CBaTaHHH ÔaraTia-nypHa Ta macaHBHM KÍHneM, mo ňoro npHBonHTb 3H0By MOCKaab, aKHH o6nypK)g yKpamnÍB — nboro pa3y rjih macTH repoiB. CniBH (noHan 20) cKaanem 3a thmh caMHMH TnnaMn, hk i b „HaTaairi Iloa-Taßiji", jiHiue 3Í 3HanH0 MeHinoio ynacTio HaponHHx eaeMeHTiB (nanp. MOHTaac 3 HaponHHx niceHb „Hh ce ac Taa KpHHnneHbKa" aôo „06mí-TaÖTe nBOPH")) aae 3ne6iabina cnißn ByabťapHo naponifim („Xap-UH3HKa MeHe 6hb", „Ha Kypoani nip'anKo paôoe"). Ocoôh 30BCÍM He cxapaKTepn30BaHÍ. H.hx xn6 He Moace BHKynnTH am rapHa, xon i 3a-HanTo npocTa, MOBa, am oKpeMi Baynm mícim, Hanp., noTenna n'a-HHUbKa TeMaTHKa. 3obcím caaÔKHH Boneßiab Kbítkh „EoH-acimca", cniBH aKoro nacT-KOBO no3HneHi b KoTaapeBCbKoro. Jlnme noaacra yacHBaiOTb yK-paiHCbKoi mobh naJibini n'ecn; ne flo6pe cßin^HTb npo Ty o6MeateHy (pyHKííiio, HKy h Ha nyMKy Kbítkh yKpamcbKa MOBa Moraa rpara b aiTepaTypi: híohto rjiíl 3o6paaceHHH ocBineHHX aioneö, namB, Ta HäBiTb npiÖHHx ypanoBqÍB, BOHa Bace He HanaeTbca! — JXo nBOMOBHHX yKpai'HCbKO-pocÍHCbKHX n'cc Kbítkh HaaeacaTb nonyaapHÍ „Hleab-MeHKO — BoaocHHÖ nHcap" Ta „IHeabMeHKo-nemniiK''; bohh ain-me 36ynoBaHÍ, TaK caMo aK i j\bí naabmi n'ecH pociíícbKoio moboio 3 acHTTa yKpamcbKoro maaxeTCTBa. Aae Kbíth,í He BnacTbca i tyt ninnecTHca Han nocHTb npnMiTHBHHM KOMeniÖHHM acaHpoM. Xoh, MoacaHBo, naBÍTb Toroab no3HHHB cwaceT cBoro ,,PeBÍ30-pa" 3 KOMenii Kbítkh „npnesacHH H3 ctojihih>i", Ta xoh „HleabMen-KO-neHm,HK" npoTpHMaBca Ha cuem aae no 20 ct., aŕrepaTypHa i Ha-BÍTb TeaTpaabHa BapTicTb imx n'cc HeBeaHKa. „CßaTaHHa" 3aanmH- 361 JiocH b penepryapi, saaGTbca, jiHine aepe3 mojkjihbíctb BHKopHCTan-Hfl Ha cneHi cnißiß a TaHiýB. KßiTKa nepepoÖHB naa cn,eHH i BJiacHe onoBinaHHH „IHiipa jiio-6ob" (aHB. flajii JX- 2). He nepina yKpamcbKa cepno3Ha npaMa. Ha jKajiB, no aBTopcbKiH nepepi6n,i ine noripmaao onoBÍnaHHa, n.o peai, BOHO oflHe 3 cjiaöniHx y Hboro: saHanro „ncHxoaoriaHHO" cioaceT onoBÍnaHHa -— repoma niBamía-MiinaHKa bíhmobjihgtbcji Bia, Bjiac-Horo macTa, — oflpyjKeHHH 3 jik>6hmhm hojiobíkom, očpinepoM, iqoö He 3incyBaTH ňoMy Kap'epn, — He naß Kbítuí 3Morn 3poÖHTH xia, AU HCHBHM, pyxjiHBHM j 3 cepH03HHMH cn,eHaMH cnoayaem Byjitťap-HO-napoHÍHHÍ, Hanp., icTopia HeBaaaoro CßaTaHHa 30 repomi ypan-HHKa-n'flHHn;i; cepH03HÍcTb aacTo nepexoaiiTb y MeaoapaMy. ToMy n'eca, HanpyKOBaHa nÍ3HÍnie, Ha cuem He npHmennaaca. 6. Cthjib ,,HaTajiKH nojiTaBKH", KOMenil - onepera, yipHMaBca b yKpaiHCBKio jiiTepaTypi 3aHan,To aoBro. JXo Hboro naaeacaTb i ne-hkí n'ecn nÍ3HÍnioro aacy, b hkhx Moama noMÍTHTH Bate neBHi ßnan- BH pOMaHTHHHHX MOTHBÍB Ta pOMaHTHHHOrO CTaBJieHHH RO HaponHOl noe3Ü. Ajie aepe3 ne bohh He cTaioTt poMaHTHaHHMH Ta He Binxo-AHTb naJieKo Bin, nepecTapiJioro KaacHHHoro acanpy „komíhhoí one-pn". 3 TaKHX n'ec Tpeöa 3ranaTH „HopHOMopcbKHH noôyT Ha Ky-6aHÍ" KyxapeHKa (1836), — nepeneceHy Ha KyôaHb „HaTajiKy noa-TaBKy"; „Mapn" Knpnaa Tonojii (1837), 3 TeMaTHKoio nicm „Oh, He xonH, rpHino", oTJKe, TpariaHHH cioaceT, ajie aenße mh msgmo nin,-CTaBy nopiBHioBaTH fioro 3 MOTHBaMH poMaHTHHHX öaaan.; TyT yacH-To BJKe aíhchhx HapoflHHX niceHb naa cniBoanx HOMepiB j „Kynajia Ha HßaHa" CrenaHa nncapeBCbKoro (1838, BHnpyKyßäHa 1840); aHOHÍMHy onepeTy „JIioöKa, a6o CBaTaHHa b cejii PnxMax" (30-tí pp.), mo Teac HeBnajio Hacainye „HaTajiKy". JliTepaTypHo TBopn ni eni-tohcbkí, xoa, ByjibťapH3yioaH noaacTH a-capTH, i npncnaioiOTb e t-HorpadpisM Ta noaacTH 3aBoaaTb no KOMenii TpariaHi cHTy-ainVi. IľecH Uboro rany 3'HBjiajiHca Ha yKpaiHCbKÍH cijem me ň necHT- KH pOKÍB nÍ3HÍHie. JX- IIpo3a 1. IIpo3a po3BHBaGTbCH b icTopií jiÍTepaTypH aacTo no Bipnii. TaK n,e g i b yKpa'ÍHCbKÍH aiTepaTypi 19 ct. Jlnnie po3MÍpHo Heanc-aeHHi TBopn nepnioi noaoBHHH Biicy npo30ßi. npo3a HaponHoio mo- BOK) nOHHHaGTbCH OnOßiflaHHHMH KBlTKH-OCHOB'aHeHKa (1778-1843), nncbMeHHHKa anivraaoro TaaaHTy, aae CTHaicTHaHo npcHTb ycaMÍT-HeHorfv, 3 opnťiHaabHHMH MHCTeiĺbKHMH sacoôaMH, aae „CTapocBÍT-CbKoro", Maao 3B'a3aHoro 3 cyaacHoio yKpai'HCbKOK) Ta ayacHMH ai- 362 TepaTypaMH. IIpoTe b nijioMy bíh He bhxohhtl no3a Menü TeMaTHKH Ta CTHJliCTHKH KJIHCHn,H3My, xom 3a HOľO HaCÍB BJKe KBÍTjia pOMäHthh- Ha jiiTepaTypa, Bin. akoi bíh, MOJKe, nepeimaB Ream TeMH Ta HaBHHB- ca He^iHCJieHHHx cthjiícthhhhx 3aco6ÍB. A no^aB bíh riHcaTH yKpaiH-CbKÍ OnOBÍflaHHH 1833 p., ßaBIHH BJKe KÍJIbKa „cTapoMonHHx" pociö- c&khx onoBiflaHb-aHeKflOT. üo^HHae KBÍTKa npo3amHoio TpasecTÍGio: „CajrnaHbKHÔ naTpeT" (1833) — BJKe Ha3Ba cßin/iHTb npo ra/ryHOK ntoro TBopy: „naTpeT" (!) „jiaTHHCbKa noôpexeHbKa" (oe Mae 3Ha-HHTH „onoBinaHHa") „no-HanioMy po3Ka3aHa". H,e nepeica3 hbox aH-THHHHx aHeK^oT npo MaJiapa, HKoro TBopn He MOJKHa BÍnpisHHTH bíh, híhchocth (y Kbítkh ne „naTpeť' MocKajia), Ta npo nieBija, inp, BHnpaBjíHionH noMHjiKH MaJiapa nipnp hoôít, nepennioB i n,o Kpn-thkh 3MajiK)BaHHa on,ary, ajie nicTaB BinnoBint: „uiBeiib 3Haä cbog HieBCTBO, a b KpaBeiíTBo He Miniaäca". BnjieTeHo b onoBÍn.aHHH n,o-cHTb napo^íhhhh onnc apMapKy. riopyM cyToi TpaBecTÍi KBÍTKa nnme i KapHKaTypn. íle — Te>K 3Hani KJiacHii;H3MOBÍ — aHeKflOTH. KBÍTKa 6epe Haponm yKpam-ctKÍ aH6Kfl;oTH: „ľlapxÍMOBe cmnaHHa" (1841), — aHeKnoT npo nyp-hh, inp KynHB Ha CHÍn,aHHa xpmy, — „ôa^HJiH oni, mo KynyBajín, ijKTe, xoq noBHJia3bTe"; „niaopexaV' (1843), — onoBinaHHa npo CTapocTy, HKHH nepeôijibniHB He jrarne no3HTHBHÍ, ajie i bí^'gmhí pn-CH MOJiofloro; „Ha nyrnaHHa ak 3aB'a3aHo" (1841), — aHeitnpTa npo cnpoôy Ha'icTHca Bpa3 na iiíjihh nicT; „KynoBaHHH po3yM" (1842), — aHeKROTa npo niKOjiapa, 111,0 iújikom onypiß bíh HaB^aHHa Ha HyjKH-hí. .. TaTyHOK nefi nepeacHB kjihchiih3m Ta 3ajinniHBca i b poMaH- THKÍB (CTOpOHCeHKO), í b peaJlíCTÍB (HeHyií-JIeBHHbKHH), i b nÍ3- híuihx (peH^eTOHicTÍB) í b íhihhx jiÍTeparypax (Hanp., y ÍMnpeciomc-Ta HexoBa). HaBÍTb ejieMeHTH „npocTaiibKoi" mobh, am 3ycTpmacMo b Kbítkh, He 3aHHKJiH i nÍ3HÍme. 3 cKapÖHHu;i HaponHo'i jiÍTepaTypn no3HHem i tcmh Tpbox najib-HiHX onoBÍnaHb Kbítkh: „MepTBenbKHň BejíHKfleHb" (1833) — KBÍTKa TyT KopncTycTBca noBÍp'aM, inp njia MepTBHX MepTBHH CBHin,eHHK BÍnnpaBJíaG BejíHKOfflHío cjiyjKÖy BojKy; ne BipyBaHHa „noacHene", HK nepejKHBaHHH n'aHoro cejiaHHHa Ta nepeHeceHe 3 BejíHKojma Ha MacHH^HHH ,,nojiocK03y6"; „KoHOToncbKa BÍnbMa" (1837) — onoßi-naHHH npo Te, hk K03anbKHH cothhk 3 nncapeni tohhjih BÍnbOM y cTaB-Ky; „Ot to6í i CKapô" (1837) — nepeKa3 npo XoMy MacjiaKa, hkhh, BHTpaTHBmn Ha inyKaHHH cKapÔÍB yßecb ivraeTOK, piniHBca nponara n,yiny nopTOBÍ, ajie npn 3ycTpÍHÍ 3 nopTOM, HeBnajio noöojKHBniHca, onHHHBca b xepHax, a aK Soro BpaTOBaHo, po3noBÍB npo cboi npnro-flH Ta BMep. KBÍTKa CBaBÍJibHo 3míhiog Haponm nepeKa3H, nip g fljia Hboro Jinme bhhbom Haponnioí tcmhoth; nepeKa3H njia Hboro jinme aHeKnoTH. npHrajíaGMo, mo 3a thx nacÍB B>Ke 6yjio npcHTb TBopÍB Ha 363 yKpamcbKi xeMH pocincbKoio mobok» (ßace fi M. Torojib), b hkhx xoh caMHH Maxepiaa noaaHo b ecxexHHHo-npHHanjmn (popMi, oßiaHO ny-xom poMaHTPPiHoro cBixoraany, nonacxn BnxoBManeHo, an npoaBH HapoRHoro ayxa 3 ranöoKHM 3Ha*ieHHHM, a ni3Hhne IHeßneHKO Ha-na,b HOBoro CHMBoar-moro SHaneHHa TOMy caMOMy HaponHOMy Map-HOBipcTBy („BiflbMa", cnapÖH b „BeaHKOMy Jlboci" — aHB. naai). KßiTKa CTaBHTbca np HapoaHHX BipyßaHb 3 thiiobhm npocßmeHCbKHM HexTyBaHHHM Ta HaBixt jierKoio 3HeBaroio. ZJaabiny rpyny KbIthhhhx onoBin,aHb yxBopioioxL onoBinamia MopaaicTHMHi. HaHTHnoBiine 3 hhx „JJpöpe poön — n,o6pe fi 6yne" (1837), mo 3MaabOBye inpaabHoro ceaaHHHa TnxoHa Bpyca, hkhh nia, nac roaoay BpaxoBye cbogio apnoMoroio niay rpoMany, — nn He Hacain.yBaHHH KapaM3iHCbKoro ,,3>aopa Ciama". „üepeKOTHnoae" (1843) — böhbcxbo b CTeny, po3KpHxe TOMy, mo böhxhh noKaHKaß 3a cBinica npoxH BÖHBni nepeKOTHnoae; b pyn,i ßÖHxoro 3aanniHBca Kyinnn nepeicoxHnoaa, mo CTypÖyBaß böhbiuo, npHcyTHboro npn or-aan,i MepTBoro xiaa, Ta npHBiß noro np BH3HaHHa (ßapiaHx innpo-KO BifloMoro cioaceTy 3 IIIiaaepoBoi öaaanH „IöiKOBi acypaßai"). — „Ko3Hp-aiBKa" (1838) — onoBinaHHH npo niBHHHy, mo BHaßaae flocHTb eHeprii, inp6 npßHTHca np bhihhx mcTHTyn,iH, ,,aac np ryßep-HaTopa", mo6 ypaTysarn CBoro HapeneHoro Bip HecnpaBenaHBoro oÖBHHyßaHeHHa — Moace mothb 3 üyniKiHCbKoi' „KanHTaHCKoö npa-kh"? üepexin, np HacTynHo'i rpynn „TpariHHHx" onoßinaHb tbophtb „CepnpniHa OKcaHa" (1841), — icTopia noKpHTKH, mo naranys IIIeßHeHKOBy „KaTepHHy", aae o6nnBa TBopn nncam He3aaea«io oflHH Bin. onnoro Ta, 3aaeTbca, Maöace onHonacHo; repoma KbIthh-Hoi' noßicTH BHaBaaG HHMaay MopaabHy cnay Ta thm BpaxoBye ö ce-6e h CBOK) nHXHHy. Tan caMo ,,Boaci niTH" (1840) — icxopia nßox HiTefi, hkhx npHHHHB 3a CBoix acaaicaHBHH cycina noMepanx i*x öaTbKiß; ohhh ninioB y MocKaai, BHcayawBca b cTapuiHHH nin, nac noabebKoro noBCTaHHa 1831 p. Ta inacanßo onpyatHBca. OnpeMy rpyny aßaaiOTb n,ßi noßicTi 3 TparmHHM 3aKiHHeHHHM, xoh bohh 3araabHHM tohom i nocHTb 6an3bKi noBicxHM nonepeflHboi" rpynn 3 11 inpaabHHMH repoaMH. Ile „innpa aK»6oB" (poc. 1839) i „Mapyca" (1833). KßiTKa o6po6HB cioaceT „HjHpoi aioßoBH" Ta- KOac y flpaMaTHHHifl (pOpMi, yKpaiHCbKHH TeKCT BHnaHO rnpÖHO ni3- Hinie. repoma — niBHHHa 3 MinniHCbKoi ponnHH, BinMOBaacTbca Bin. oapyaceHHH 3 cboim KOxaHHM, o(pinppoM, inpö He 3incyBaTH fioMy Kap'cpH, coxHe 3 Hynbrn Ta BMHpaG. — Y „Mapyci", repoma no-sicTH BMHpac nin, nac BiacyTHocTH CBoro HapeneHoro, a HapeneHnn inp b neHni. — OöhrbI noBicri p;ocHTb BiaMmm HacxpoGM, flyace ceH- 361t THMeHTajiBHo 3a6apBjieHÍ, ajie He tohom onoBinaHHH, mp e too ca-MHH, HIO H b MOpajliCTHHHHX noßicTHx Kbítkh : cnoKiime HIHpOKe onoBiflaHHH, Ta, He 3BamaioHH Ha cyMHHÖ Kment, y KÍHni ix öphhhtb npHMHpjIHBÍ aKOpflH BÍpH b HÍHTTH no CMepTÍ. 2. yci TBOpH KBÍTKH BÍn3HaaaK)TbCH HHMajIHM MHCTeHŕKHM XHC- TOM. CiojKeTH ix npocTi Ta, nonpH pÍ3HÍ Ix ycKJianHeHHH Ta BÍnxHJieH-hh onoBÍflana Bifl TeMH (hhb. najii), 3ajiHmaiOTbcíi bícck) Hijioro onoBinaHHH. riocTaTi flocHTb pÍ3H0MaHÍTHÍ, ajie 3 nepeßaroK) ineajibHHx, mo nonacTH 3aHanio bjkc ninHeeem, a nonacTH npocTo „floöpi jnonn", 6e3 BiflTÍHKy Hafl3BHHaHHoro repo'Í3My. Y bmíhhí MajiiOBäTH ro6-pnx jnoneň, „no3HTHBHÍ THnn", Kßiraa Haranye neKoro 3 nncbMen-hhkíb íhiiihx naciB: MapKa BoBHKa, pocincbKoro nncbMeHHHKa Jlec-KOBa. Bmíhhh po3noBÍflaTH b Kbítkh iHoni He3pÍBHHHe: bíh po3noBÍ-nae mnpoKO, 3ynHHjnoaHCH Ha neTajinx, HOMy HHMajio cnpnae noro 6aHcaHHH nonaBara eTHorpacpinm Ta noóyTOBÍ noflpoÖHiri. nepeacH-EaHHfl fliöoBHX oci6 nacTo nonam nepe3 3obhíihhí 3'HBHina: „ripKO-ripKO 3anjiaKaB", ,,6aiflHHH-ÖJiin,hhh,. .. om, mob y MepxBoro flHB-jíHTbCH ö He ßanyTb Hrroro; pyKH Hane cynpporn noKopmíJiH, a caM HK JIHCT TpyCHTbCJl", „pyKH h HOľH 3aTpyCHJIHCH, y hchbotí noxojio- jio, i nyx 3aHHBCb, a caM hí 3 mícii,h" (n,e — npoöynaceHHH jiioÖobh), „3flpHrHyB KpúiKO, Hane fioMy xto cmry 3a cmmy HacmraB", „tlox-Hyjio b hchbotí" touto. 36yflOBaHO yci onoBinaHHH Kbítkh hk «CHBy onoBÍflb, hio to-HHTbCH 3 ycT HKorocb, ôjiHHCHe He cxapaKTepH30BaHoro, onoBÍflana, He aBTopa (poc. ,,CKa3"). PosnoBÍnaH 3pin,Ka nonae cboi 3aBBarn: ,,Ta inp ík Ka3aTH", „rocnonn! hk noBajiHB Hapon,...", ,,Toh pym-HHK. . . Ta mp to Bace rapHo bhiuhthh 6yB!", ,,0 6onaž to6í!" (b nyacKax) i t. n,., a6o nepepnBae caM ce6e: „KeTe amnem. xaoaKH.'", „TijibKH y Hel i Ha n,yMn.i, inp... TijibKH xotíb ôyjio po3Ka3aTH, 06 hím Hama xopymKÍBHa nyMaaa,. . . xaac ocb i npHmjia np Heí 6a-6ycfl", a6o HaBÍTb npo neinp 3a6yBae, Ta 3ran,ye nÍ3HÍme: „ByB. . . HKHHCb Majiap ... ocb Ha yMÍ MOTacTbCH, hk Soro 3Baan, Ta He 3ra-naio ..." — 3a CTopÍHKy posnoBinan: Bace npnranaB: „Te, Te, xe, xe-nep 3raflaB. . .". Up, po3yMÍGTbCH, ninBHiirye acHBÍc-rb onoBÍnamra. Po3noBiflaH Kbítkh — „ cHTyanicio. HanpHKaafl, „naT-pex Bneme", „noBeneHiiia", „inaaracB", „niBeHflaTH", „MoaoflHiia rapna, He y3aB II KaT", „Beciaaa yapaaH", „aanaca no Mopni naTH", „BHHCTHB rpaMOTy", „yTHe" (cniß y uepicBi!), „MoaoTHTn" (Icth), „ynncTe no yxy", „MOTa BapeHHKH" (Ictb), „nenie" i&pe), „niKBa-Phth" (6hth). G h piflKi caoBa (yawöaeHa h KoxaapeBCBKHM „thm-(pa"= „nnHXBa"), ä DHMÍHyxHBH, HaBixB „cepanxeHBKo"; n fliaaeicT-hí (xapKÍBCBKi) (popMH: „MOTa", „yancTe" 3aMÍcTB „MOTac", „bhhc- XHXB". HaCTeHBKÍ KOpOTKÍ flÍ6CaÍBHÍ (popMH: Cín, ryaBK, CpÍTB-(pÍTB, nepK, naiocB, ineaecTB, ßepKHUB, 3npK, niapax, flpnO-flpHÔ-flpHO, xpan, aan i t. p. Jlanioi piflKi Ta 3aßacflH aochtb „caaBOHOBi". Aae b ijiaoMy MOBa Kbítkh HaöanataGTBca 30 hkoícb HopMaaÍ30BaH0i MOBH, xon i „HeBHCOKoro", ceaHHCBKoro píbhh, mp Moace 3aaeacHTB i Bifl ceaaHCBKHx TeM onoBiflaHB. I xon h,h MOBa He Moace npnflaTHca flo MaaK)HKÍB 3 HCHTTH MÍcBKoro xa ocßineHoro cycniaBciBa, a me Mennie flaa „bhcokhx" raxyHKÍB, npoxe BOHa Bce ac ôiaBine Hafla-Baaaca 6 flo „noBHoi aixepaxypn", Hiac MOBa bcíx mníHx nncBMeH-khkíb yKpa'ÍHCBKoro KaacnijH3My. 366 3aTe cjiOBHe ÖaraTCTBo mobh MeHine, híjk y KoTJiapeBCBKoro. Xoi i 3ycTpiHaeMo neHenp onncH BÔpaHHa, CTpaB, Hanoi'b, mo BHMa-rawTb cKaanHoro caoßHHKä, iam Micna noonHHOKi. Oct, HanpnKaan., cnHCKH, HanoiB Ha HopriBCbKOMy niaöaini: „Byjio i pencbKe, 6yao i flOHCBKe, mo no neTBepTaKy oyraaKa; 6yjin ycami BHHa, i nepBOHe; Í HíOBTe; GyjiH naaniKH i 3acMojiiOBaHÍ i apOTOM no3anjiÍTOBam; 6yjia i BHniHÍBKa, i TepHÍBKa, i nyjiiBKa; 6yjio i niiBo Ka6an>Ke, TaK, nenie-BeHbKe, n.aa ycsKoro po3xony, Ta 6yB i rpyíneBHH KBac, Bace cnn-thh. A ycHKi ropiaKH oKpeMo CToaan; Ta i np 6ica ac Ix TaM 6yao! Byaa i nÍHHa, i noayrapHa, i 3aniicaHKa, i noaHHbKOBa, i KopÍHKOBa, i Ha KaaraH, i Ha cochobí uihuikh raaia . . .", „ühb Manepy, niaTao-Mopraô, maTaH-Ha-XBÍcT, peeBee, 6ap6oebKe, niaanaHCbKy i nopneHe hhbo"; hk öaHHMo, KßiTKa nepexoflHTb Bin, MaTepiaaiß eTHorpacpra-noi 36ipKH no naponii Ha ncyBaHHH mobh ceaaHHHOM. 3. 3ßiflKH noxonaTb ochobhí pněn KßiTHHHoro CTnaio? Ha ne nHTaHHH BinnoBÍcTH He aerKo. 3naGTbca, KßiTKa BeaHKoio Mipoio — nncbMeHHHK opnťiHaabHHH, 6e3 3pa3KÍB Ta 6e3 nacepea. nncaB bíh po3MipHo nÍ3H0, 3HaB poMaHTHHHy aiTepaTypy, aae no3HHHB 3 nei (Hanp. y Toroaa) annie npiÔHÍ mothbh, Moace, nonacra, nÍKaBÍcTb 30 eTHorpa(pÍHHHx non,po6nni>. HpoTe CTaBjíeHHH noro no HaponHoro acHTTH híhkoio Mipoio He Haranye ineoaoriHHoro 3axonaeHHa hhm poMaHTHKÍB. KsÍTKa eni^Ho npo Bce po3noBÍna.g, HäBÍTt 3axonaeHiiH neHHM, Hanp., Kpacoio Hapon.Horo ßöpaHHa, aae niynac b Haponi He cneimcpiHHo yKpaiHCbKoro, a BceaioncbKoro. Thm MeHine BipHTb bíh y HKHHCb raHÖniHH ceHc 3BHHaiB Ta BipyBaHb Haponmix: bíh HHBHTb-ca Ha Bce 3ropH („npoGBineHicTb"), i n,e nae noMirara HaBÍTb nepe3 ,,cKa3" CBoro posnoBÍnana, mo caM — 3 Hapony. IcTopHHHi cnpoón Kbítkh pocincbKÍ. HanpnKaan,, „roaoBaTbin" 1839 p., „TaTapcKne Haßern" 1844 noKa3yiOTb, mo bíh np yKpa'ÍHCb-Koro MHHyaoro cxaBHTbca, aK 30 aHeKnoTHHHoro MaTepiaay! Hp Teac THnoBe naa KaacHii;H3My. IHp MeHui nepeiraaß KßiTKa sip; pocincb-icoro ,,ceHTHMeHTaaÍ3My" (hhb. eKCKypc IV), Temi „naHCbKOi", ne sniÖHoi po enÍHHoro onoBÍnaHHa, 60 BOHa BncyBac Ha nepninň naaH ocoôy „HyTaHBoro" Ta „cabosoTOHHBoro" aBTopa. He g me b nepniHx onoßinaHHax j-locTOGBCbKoro 40-x poKÍB. npocTi cioaceTH Kbítkh nonacTH cxapi (hhb. BHme). CaMHH ťaTyHOK HaponHoro onoBÍnaHHa He hobhh. Horo 36an-acyBaan 3 nÍ3HÍniHMH cnpoöaMH „HaTypaaicTiß" (n,HB. eKCKypc V), a caMe 2Kopac CaHn,, B. Ayepôaxa, rpiropoBH^a, TypťeHeBa. B niií-choctí nncaan nonjÖHo no Kbítkh noro pociScbKi cynacHHKH M. no-ťonjH, j_lajib Ta Toroab; Ix BnaHBOM MoacHa nonacTH 3'acyBaTn i „CKa3" Kbítkh. A Hapon.He MimaHCbKe, KyneijbKe acHTTa 3MaabOBy- 367 Ba ji h BJKe „KaHCHinicra", b pocificbKiň jiiTepaTypi — B. JlyKÍH („Uje-neTHjibHHK" 1765), M. HyjiKOB („IlepecMeniHHK" 1789), Ibeh Ho-bíkob (,,IIoxojKfl;eHHe HßaHa, rocTHHHoro ctma" — 1785-6), neAKÍ ctettí b carapHHHHX naconncax M. Hobíkobe (1772-4), KOMenii n. njiaBUibLujHKOBa („Boölijil", „CHneaeir", 3i6paHÍ TBopn bhhiiijih 1816 p.), Ha MeatH „ceHTHMeHTajiÍ3My" — A. PanimeB („nyiemecT-BHe", 1790, Ta, 3flaeTtCH, Bace fioro anomMm cTaTTi 1772 p.). Hh 3HaB KßiTKa ßaraTo tbopíb laKoi TpanHn.il — HeBaacHe, ajie no- HaBHIH hk pOCÍHCbKHH ÜHCLM6HHHK, bíh UÍKaBHBCa pOCÍHCbKOK) jiÍTepaTypoK>. Bíh Mir 3heth i 3axinm cnpoÖH „ceaaHCbKoro poMa-Hy" — b HiMeHbKiä JiiTepaTypi, HanpHKaan, IlecTaaboimi 3 1781 p., IímoKKe — 1823, inHJiii Miojijiepa a6o ajieMaHCbKi Bipiui H. u. TeSejiH, akí Ha pocificbKy nepeKjiap;aB iHCyKOBCbKiiö i t. n- 3 TaKHX TBOpiB BÍH MÍr HaBHHTHCH H CepZOSHOrO BJKHTKy HapOHHHX TeM i BJKHTKy Haponnoi mobh. U.e He 3MeHiuye 3acjiyr i 3HaneHHH Kbítkh, akhíí ak nncbMeHHHK TaK caMo 6e3MeJKH0 bhihhíi Bin, cboIx nonepenHHKÍB 3 18 ct., ak KoTaapeBCbKHH bhiuhh Bin OcinoBa. BÍH BHpOÓHB BJiaCHHH CTHJIb. UeÔ CTHJIb He BHXOBHTb n03a MeJKÍ kjia- chhhoí Tpannni'i HapoRHoro onoBiflaHHA. Ajie KsiTKa — „3anÍ3He- HHh" KaHCHUHCT, nHCaB BÍH y pOKH, KOJIH YKpama 3po6HJiacA rJIH- ÖOKO „npoBÍHD;ÍHJibHOK>" Kpamoio, mo BÍ^CTaBajia Ha necaTKH pokíb BÍfl pocÍHCbKHx ,,H,eHTpÍB". Hepe3 ne bíh Mir nonaTH pyKy nepniHM npencTaBHHKaM ,,peajiÍ3My", mo 3H0By js,e b HOMy Ha6aH3HBca no KaHCHnH3My. 4. IIobíctí Kbítkh nÍKaBÍ ň ineoaorÍHHo. Bo bíh, nepeôyBaioHH b TpanHiíii KaACHiíH3My peairiimoro, xpncTHAHCbKoro, 3yMÍB y cboíx OnOBÍflaHHAX nonaTH B HCHBÍH (pOpMÍ OCHOBHÍ nyMKH CBOrO CBÍTOrjIA- ny najieKo Óbibine, amac nyace cnopinHeHHH 3 hhm nyxoBo KoTaa- peBCbKHÔ. XpHCTHHHCTBO 18 CT. 3aKpanieHe npaKTHHHO. KBÍTKa TO- My nponoBÍnye „xpncTHHHCbKHH ryMaHÍ3M": „BpaT Ham — ycAK ho-aoBÍK, xoh 3 Hamoro ceaa, xoh 3 npyroro, xoh 3 ropona, xoh HÍMenb, xoh TypoK, yce noaoBÍK, yce 6oace co3p;aHÍe"; y nbOMy cbítí mh bcí ,,TaKÍ ac rocTÍ, hk th i ycHK noaoBÍK — an nap, hh naH, hh apxHcpeö, caanaT hh jiaMMaa". H,a „TeHneHijiA Kbítkh nÍ3HÍme Han3BHHaimo npHTaraa no Hboro CHMnaTÍi „HaponoaioOnÍB", hh to pomehthkíb, hh to peaaicTÍB. MeHiu noMÍnaan HHcaeHHÍ hoth xpHCTHAHCbKoro MopaaÍ3My: KBÍTKa xone Mafiace b KoacHOMy onoBÍnaHHi nonara AKycb „Mopaab", KopncHe noBHaHHA, mo 3HaHHo BÍnpÍ3HAG noro Bin poMaH- THKÍB, n-jia AKHX noe3ÍA G CaMOHJab. A6o BÍH HaTAKaG Ha XpHCTHAH- CbKi norMaTH, ak y npHMHpaHBOMy aKopni „Mapyci"; „JX&Ř Tocnonn MHaocepnHHH, mo6 th t a m (b mmoMy cbítí) 3HaoniOB cboio Ma-pycio", hh Ha xpHCTHAHCbKy Mopaab, ak y „m,HpÍH Jik)6obh": „Sí 368 cnojiHHjia caMHH CBflTiuiHO 3aKOH Horo (Bora) : flymy mow nojio-íKHjia 3a Moro flpyra, mo6 BinBepHyTH Bifl Hboro rope! Ce6e He 3Mor-Jia, He 3flyacaaa 36eperTH.. . SI cTapaaaca... He 3Morjia ... h hojio-bík", aöo b „IlepeKOTHnojii": „TaK-TO cyfl Bohíhh He noTepniß He-npaBfln; i xoh hk kíhijí öyan 3axoBaHÍ, TaK Bor oÔ'hbhb". iHOfli 6y-Eae ŕi flocHTb npHMiTHBHa Mopajit: „JJlyace nefloôpe flijio 6pexaTn" („niflöpexan"). HaHHacxiuie „Mopajib" HiHpoKa — Ha no^ancy a6o b kíhhí onoBiflaHHíi. BHKJiafleHo ii tígio caMoio moboio, mp i caMi ono-EiflaHHH. ITiKaBO, mp KßiTKa floxoflHTb HaBÍTb flo Toro, mp Ha no-iiaTKy „IHHpoi jiioöobh" bíh noflae „apicTocpamBCbKO-naaTOHÍBCbKy" Teopiio jiioöobh 3 ,,CHMno3ÍoHy"; aôo b „Ot to6í h cKap6" — TpoxH napofliíiHO onncye nenjio, 3naeTbca, 3a CßefleHÖoproM! KßiTKa, ot-ace, nncbMeHHHK ,,TeHfleHH,ÍHHHH'\ IJa TeHfleHiiia iHOfli nepeBaacaG iioro MHCTeribKi ycTpeMjiiHHH: TOfli bíh „ncye" onoBiflamiH, nepeöop-myioHH, hk y ,,7-Io6pe poôn . . .", Ta b öaraTbox míciihx íhhihx ono-BiflaHb — b „Mapyci" repoma BHrojioniyG npoMOBy npora. . . Benop-HHiíb! B nepeÖopmeHHi, „ifleaai3an,ii", bíh ne 3Hae Mene. IHOfli bíh poÖHTb Maötfce KäpHKaTypHHMH o6pa3H cbo'íx repo'íb, onncyioHH Ix yace 3aHaflTo niflHeceHHM cTHjieM: onnen 3aBHÍniHboi Ta flyxoBoi* no-CTaTÍ Mapyci a6o TajioHKH (3 „IHnpoi jiioöobh") HaöanacaioTbCH EH-ce flo napofli'i... Ha ceöe caMoro! Mopajib Kbítkh Maöace bhkjiioh-ho 3arajibHOJiK)flCbKa. Jlnine fle-He-fle npoMaime inpcb nofliÖHe flo Han;ioHajibHoro nonyTTH: „Xiöa Tpeöa copoMHTHCb CBoro pofly!" Ca- THpa Ha fliÔCHiCTb piflKa, JIHHie B ,,K03Iip-flÍBD;í" flOCHTb pÍ3KO Ta flO- TenHO 3Majib0ßaHi cyflOBi nopaflKH, to HenopaflKH, TOfliniHboro aa-cy. ,Hhbho, inp KßiTKa, TaKHH HyTaHBHÖ, iHOfli öe3 ycaKoro cniBnyTTH Maaioe acopcTOKicTb: Hanp., TonaemiH BiflbOM, 3 hkhx flenm i fliä-CHo BTonnaHca: ,,Tyr IS i aMÍHb"; „KoTpy BTonnan, a KOTpy BiflBo-aaan" — KOHCTaTye bíh, Ta inp BKaaflae o/moMy 3 3BHHaimo TaKHX m'hkhx ceaHH b yera caoBa: „CnoaoinÍTb mok> aŮHKy. .." OTace, TeHfleHi^ia y Kbítkh i 3apÍ3Ko noflaHa i He u,iaKOM nocaiflOBHa. Jík-6h He ii,a ,,TeHfleHH;ÍHHÍcTb" — pHca Teac cTapoBHHHa, He poMaHTHH-Ha, — to KßiTKa Mir öh öyra HauioMy nacoBi 3 yeix cboIx cynacmi-kíb HaööaHacHHH. 5. KßiTKa BHCTynHB naBÍTb aK ny6ain.HCT, inpnpaBfla, annie b nepeflMOBi flo „CajiflanbKoro naTpeTa": „CynaiKa flo naHa Í3flaTeaa" Ta b HeBeaHKHX „JlncTax flo aio6e3HHx 3eMaaKÍB" (1839). OÖHflßi cTaTTÍ Kbítkh inp acKpaBÍiue, mat fioro onoßiflaHHa no-Ka3yiOTb HeflocTaTHÍCTb fljia yTBopeHHH noBHoi aÍTepaTypn thx cth- aíCTHHHHX Ta MOBHHX 3aCOÔÍB, HKHMH bíh KOpHCTyGTbCa b nOBÍCTHX. „CynaiKa" (1833) HanncaHa b cTHai TpaßecTÜ; „Hexan me 3HaiOTb i HaniHx", „KOHnoHye", „HaBepHaKaan", „3aKoaynHe 3a flymy", 369 „KHiiiKH öojihtb Bifl cMixy" — TaKa (ppa3eojiorifl jieflBe Moace bh-KjiHKaTH BpajKeHHH, mp b yKpamcBKin mobí Moacna „bthth" TBip, nip 6yB oh „Í 3BHHaÍfflHH, i HÍJKHeHBKHH, i p03yMHHH, Í nOJie3HHH". „JIhC- th" (1839) — cnpoöa nonyjiHpn3anii fljin Hapofly neBHHX üohhtb npo flepjKaBHHH ycrpin, BHTpnMäHa BHce b cepno3HOMy tohí, ajie b njioixTHHi Hafl3BHnaäHoro npHMÍTHBÍ3My: „He JieJKn: ciOfln-Tyfln mot-hiich, coKHpKOH nopyöaö, njnKOM noMaxafi, ckothhkok) nopoön, ot b Teče Bn'j3Ti> rponiHKH". KßiTKa TyT yMie flara ßoöpi nepena3H 6a-HOK a6o floôpe 3MajiK>BaTH n'HHHino: „HnKa öoMy HeBMHTa Ta.. . no-ApanaHa, bojiocch po3KyflOBHeHe, nianKH KaT-Ma! .. Xoh i ninnepe- 3aHHH, TaK OflHH KÍHeiIB TaK i bojiomhtbch 3a HUM J COpOHKa pOSXpHC- TaHa, a nacoM i nopBaHa, hk i cBHTHHa; cnHHa bch y tjihhí, oahh ho-6ít Ha H03i, a flpyrnn, hk cnaB bíh y innnKy, TaK 3hhto ..." Ajie i ra-Ka ,,cepH03Hiiua" MOBa MOJKe Mara jiHuie oÔMejKeny (pyHKniio. Ifle-ojiorin „JIhctíb" — nofliÖHa flo nÍ3HÍnioi TorojieBoi — ifleojiorin „pe-aKiiii". 3 Heio KßiTKa cnojiynae flyMKy: „He Bee jk ajih MOCKajiiB, MOHce Tpe6a i fljin Hac iqoHeöyflB"; b jihctí flo MaKCHMOBnna bíh BHMarae, m,o6 nncaTH Ha „mobí, Ha hkíh roBopnTB 10 míjibhohíb, HKa Mae cboi Kpacn, mo Ix He nepeflara Ha íhlhíh, cboI 3BopoTH, ry-Mop, ipoHiio i Bee, h i 6 h y nopHflHoi mobh". IIpo3a Kbítkh — Haň-BHinp flocnrHeHHH „CTapocBÍTCBKOi" yKpaiHCBKOi jiÍTepaTypn Hapofl-hok> mobok), noKa3ye HKpa3, mp noTpiÖHa HKacB HOBa ifleojioria, mp6 niflHeCTH MOBy Ha pißeHB 3 ÍHHIHMH „nOpHflHHMH" MOBaMII, KßiTKa HaBÍTB nepeKJiaB KÍJiBKa cBHinpHnx tckctíb, ajie JiHine fljiH „Cjiob'hhcbkoI HHTaHKH" Cpe3HeßCBKoro. B irax ypHBKax (3ano-Bifli, MOJíHTBa rocnoflHH, nonaxoK eBaHrejiii IoaHa) e jiňme nepnii cnpo6n bhcoko'í mobh. Hafl „IcTopieio YKpaiHH", mp KßiTKa xotíb HanncaTH, bíh, 3flaeTBCH, HaBÍTB ne nonaB npan.iOBaTH. 6. 3 íhhihx cnpo6 npo3H BapTo 3raflaTH nncaHHH ryjiaKa-ApTe-MOBCBKoro, m,o flo TpaBeciin ofl, po3yMieTBCH, Mir noflara JiHine napo-fliHHHÍi BCTyn — „JXem,o npo Toro TapacBKa": „Boho to 6an, no HaiuoMy TapacBKO, a no-MocKOBCBKH Topanjin -—- O! bjkg bohh xon mp, — nepeKOBepcaiOTB no-CBOCMy". Ajie thm caMHM CTHjieM nnme bíh i „nncyjiBKy" flo peflaKTopa „yKpamcBKoro Fíhhh" (BecTHHKa). TyT He JiHHie npocTanBKi flOTenn, (3MimyßaHHH „jiaTHHCBKoro" ra „JIHTBHHCBKOro"), aJie H CJIOBHHK TOrO CaMOrO CTHJIIO, mo b „oflax TapacBKa": 3aMÍCTB roBopHTH: 6pH3HyTH, Bep3TH, po3fla6apioBaTH, nanjíHTH; 3äMÍcTB Bipini nncara: HaHJi03HTH, nepoM HaflpHťaTH, 6a3-rpara... pa3eojioria: HKa BJKe TaM y xpma poöoTa; poflHMÍ me He noBHjia3HjiH; MaTepi ií KOBÍHBKa; a TaM cxoBaK>cB b floMOBHHy Ta h noKancy im 3-3a na3yxn OT-Tany 3flopoBenBKy flyjiio i t. fl. Ta-KOK) mobok), 3BHHaHHO, He MOJKHa nncaTH mnoro ÍHuioro, KpÍM Tpa-BecTiß. — HÍKaBo, mo HaBÍTB poMaHTHK Fpe6ÍHKa nnuie yKpaÍHCBKi 370 ctžíttí (nepenMosy Ta nicjiHMOBy no „JlacTÍBKH" 1841 p.) cTHjieM íh-moro 3a6apBJieHHa — HyTanBo-inHaraHHM, ajie Toro caMoro pÍBHa: „yjK a TaK nyMaio, uio Heina i Ha cbítí Kpamoro MÍcrr,a, hk IIojiTaB-cbKa ryöepma"; BHXBajiaiOHH yKpamcbKnx nmnaT Ta nnpaTHHCbKÍ 6y6jiHKH, bíh y utoMy KOHTeKCTi 3ran,yG yKpaiÍHCbKy aÍTepaxypy (KoTaapeBCbKoro), a npomacTbca 3 3eMJiHKaMH npocTaubKHMn no-ôaacaHHHMH, čepen, hkhx He ôpaKyc h TaKoro: „UX06 bhhhhijí naßa-jiH HaM 3 KOJKHoro nyna BÍn,po nÍHHOi ropiaKn". Čepen. npo3H Taico-ro piBHa HaHÔiJibHie BnanaioTb b ohí cthjiícthhhí ßaacraßocTi i cep-fio3Ha MOBa onoßinaHb Kbítkh. E. XapaKTep i 3HaHeHHH yKpaiHCbKoro JíiTepaTypHoro KJiacHHH3My 1. 3 aÍTepaTypn ynpaiHCBKoro KaacHn,H3My noHHHaGTbca ynpa-ÍHCbKe aiTepaTypHe BinjaonaceHHa, a neßHoio oÖMeaceHoio Mipoio i npo6yn,aceHHH Han,ioHaabHe. B KoacHOMy pa3i aBTopn u,ígí n,o6n Bnep-me nonaan nocainoBHO BacHBaTH HaponHoí mobh, ■—• ne 3aBHie Ha-bítb b TBopax noßaacHHx raTymciB Ta 3 cepfio3HOK> mctok). IIo-nacTH n,e 6yaa 3a6aBKa, nonacTH HacainyBaHHH nyacnx aiTepaiyp, n,e b TaKiö caMÍá (TpaBecTiHHÍH, ťpoTecKOBÍH, 6ypaecKHÍä) (pyHKnií BacHBaHo niaaeKTÍB Ta mob, hkí me He Maan cbogí aÍTepaTypn, Hanp., iTaaiöcbKi njaaeKTH Ta npoBaHcaabCbKa MOBa. Bo noaiTHHHO Ta KyaLTypHo nac KaacHirasMy 6yB nacoM Hafioiabiuoro HaiiioHaatHoro 3aHenany yicpaiHH. /JeHanioHaaÍ3aii;ia me He 6yaa ninpoKa, aae oxo-nnaa anpa3 Koaa, mp Ha tí nacn Mycnan 6yra npoBinHHKäMH b Kyab-TypHOMy acHTTÍ: uiaaxTy Ta BHinj ccpepn nyxoBeHCTBa. yKpaiHCbKa Hania cTaaa „HenoBHoio". TaK caMo HenoBHa 6yaa ň aÍTepaTypa. Ha noai po3po6aeHHX y híh ťaTyHKÍB cToaaa repoi'nHo-KOMÍHHa no-eMa, KOMÍaHa onepa, TpaBecTOBaHa 03a. noBaacHHMH ťaTyHKaMH cyan annie onoBinamia Ta 6aíiKa. JXo BHCOKoro acaHpy, TnnoBoro pa KaacnqH3My, HaaeataTb, BaacHe, annie nepecnißn ncaaMÍB Tyaana-ApTeMOBCbKoro (aae yca niaabmcTb noro „3anÍ3HeHa" Ta npoxonn-aa Bace 3a naciB, Koan ycionn no^HHaaa naHyBaTH ineoaoria po-MaHTHKH). HaBÍTb cäTHpH, ijboro noBaacHoro ra/ryHKy, po aKoro aer-Ko 6yao nepeÖTH Bin, TpaBecTin, He 6yao! BpaKyBaao n,oô*pnx cnpoö cepno3HOi onn, enocy, Tparenil! 3anoBoabHaTH bcí nyxoBi ÍHTepe-ch TaKoro „HenoBHoio" aÍTepaTypoio ne 6yao MoacaHBe: aÍTepaTypa iiboro THny 6yaa 3acyn.aceHa 6yTH annie h o n o b h e h h a m po m-niHx aÍTepaTyp. 2. CnMnTOMOM HanioHaabHoro 3aHenany 6yao i nocTaHHH „yK-pamcbKHx" TBopiß HyaíHMH MOBaMH. Ix, rn,onpaBn.a, He 6yao 6ara- 371 to. Jlnine yKpaincbKHH jiaHfliuadpT Majnoc b nojibCbKifi noeMi ,,So-fiowka" C. TpeMSentKHH (1735-1811), yKpaiHH jiHine no6iacHo Top-KaeTBCH K). y. HeMqeBHH (1758-1841) b cboIx „Spiewach istorycz-nych" (1816) Ta T. Cbghiibkhh (1774-1837) "Opis starozytnej Pol-ski"). H. MycbHHin,KHH (1765-1806, "Pultawa", 1805). XapaKTepnc-THHHiina flisjiBHicTE. yKpaiHijiB. BacHjib HapijKHHH (1780-1825), MHp-roponent, TajiaHOBHTnfi npo3ai*K, y pocificbKHX poManax jiiTepaTyp-ho „3ani3HeHHx" Ha 20, hk He Sijibine, poniB, Majiioe b crajii xa (pop-Max aBaHTypHoro poMaHy KJiHCHnn3My (3 rryace He3HaHHHMH ejie-MeHTaMH pocificbKoro „ceHTHMeHTajii3My"), nepeBaacno yKpamcbKi rann. JlHHie nonacTH 3ycTpinaGMo yKpamcbKe OTOHemm, HaBiTb Cko-Eopoay, b „PocificbKOMy }Kijib6jiH3i" (1814), ajie nijiKOM npncBH-nem yKpami poMaHH — MopajibHo-noBHajibHHfi „ApicTioH" (1822), icTopHHHO-aBaHTypHHH ,,BypcaK" (1824), noSyTOBo-KOMiHHHH „^Ba iBaHH" (1825) Ta He3aitiHHeHHH aBaHTypHnfi „rapKyina". H,iKa-Bi i fioro ,,CjioBeHCKHe Benepa", 36ipKa onoBinaHb 3 CTapoi KHH3iB-cbKoi' yKpaiHH (1809-19), 3MicT hkhx — HeiciopHHHi noflii. TBOpH HapijKHoro nocinatOTb y pocificbKifi JiiTepaTypi Toro nacy noBaatHe Micne Ta BnjiHHyjiH, npaBna He3HaHHO, Ha M. TorojiH. Ilopyn n,boro Tpe6a 3ra/i;aTH pocificbKi TBopn KBiTKH, hkhh, KpiM BjiacHHX nepe-KjiafliB cboix yKpaiHCbKHx noBicTefi, BHflaB HHCJieHHi onoBiflaHHH po-cincbKOio mobok) (3ne6ijibina Bate h,jih Toro nacy cthjhcthhho nepe-CTapijii) Ta nonyjinpHHH poMaH ,,IIaH XajiHBCbKnfi" (1840) i CTa-poro cthjik) KOMenu, 30KpeMa ,,niejibMeHKo nncapb" (1831) Ta ,,IIIejibMeHKo neHiiiHK" (1840), 3 cyxo yKpalHCbKoto pojuiio Hlejib-MeHKa, hio n,oacHjiH na cn,eHi n,o 20 ct. y jierKifi KOMenii 3ani3HeHHH pOCifiCbKHH KJIHCHI^hct, kh. A. HIaxOBCKOH (1777-1846) flaB KijIbKa cjiaSKHx KOMenjii 3 yKpamcbKoro whtth (HaHBinoMhna „Ka3aK cth-xoTBopeii", BHCTaEJieHo 1812, BHn,pyKOBaHo 1815 p., iiio cnpnnHHH-Jiaca 30 nocTaHHH „HaTajiKH nojiTaBKH"), ajie 6e3 3HaHHH yKpa-lHCbKoi mobh Ta no6yTy. Ha nonaTKy 19 ct., tiir nac KopoTKoro ria-HyBaHHH pocificbKoro ceHTHMeHTajii3My, 3'flBHJioefl KiJibKa onnciB no-n,opoaciB no yKpanri, HKi nonaCTn niKaBi i noSyTOBHM MaTepiajioM, Ta Majin ycnix y cynacHHKiB: 30KpeMa Tpe6a 3ranaTH nooppoaci B. l3MaHJioBa (1800-2), kh. I. HIajiiKOBa (1803-4), I. JJojiropyKOBa (1810), xapKiB'HHHHa I. BepHeTa (10 cTaTTefi 1816-19 pp.) Ta A. JTeBinHHa (1816). Hie BHHTejib TorojiH Ta rpeSiHKH, I. KyjibacnH-cbKHH, b 20-30-x poKax nncaB napncn, poMaHH Ta noBicTi b n,bOMy caMOMy CTHJii (TBopn fioro bhhuijih flpyKOM me 1850 p.); y Kyjib-acHHCbKoro Moace Sijibine 3a Bcix fioro nyxoBHx cynacHHKiB erao-rpacpiHHoro Marepinjiy. ^ihchhh po3KBiT „yKpaiHCbKoi* niKOJin" b po-eificbKifi jiiTepaTypi npHfimoB jraine 3 poMaHTHKOK) (nnB. VII, B). 372 3. yKpaiHCbKHH KJIHCHIIH3M He 3HHK 13 CBÍHOMOCTH yKpaiHCbKO- ro cycnijibCTBa Tan, hk kjihchh,h3m b íhhihx jiixepaTypax. Bo, nonep-uie, yKpa'ÍHCbKHH kjihchiih3M 6yB „HenoBHHH" i Hepe3 ne „Herano-bhh", — ni3HÍnie HaBÍTb He po3yMÍJiH, mo ue 6yB kjihchh.h3m ; nonjpy-re, bíh caMe bbíb yKpamcbKy HaponHy MOBy j\o jiÍTepaTypn — i 3a h,k> noro 3acjiyry fioro BHCJiaBJiHJiH a6o 3 hhm mhphjihch HaBÍTb y gctbí BopoHíi HOMy poMaHTHKH Ta peajiicTH. Kjihchiih3MObí npomaJiH noro cjiaôy HaiiioHajibHy cBÍnpMÍcTb, — 60 „npocBÍHeHÍCTb" KJiHCHii,H3My Majia yxHJi 30 KOCMonojiÍTH3My, i Horo noripn,jiHBe Ta npe3HpjiHBe CTaBjíeHHH no „Hapony". ToMy Tpan,miji „KOTjiHpeBiHHHH" yrpHMa-jiHCH b yKpamcbKÍH jiÍTepaTypi TaK npBro — He6e3neKy TpaBecTÍH-Hoi Tpannijii rocTpo nonyBaB nexTo 3 poMaHTHKÍB (Kyjiiin), ajie bo-Ha HOJKHjia HaBÍTb 30 HaniHx hhíb. 4. KojiH yKpaiHCbKe ôapoKKo nepejiHBajiocH aepe3 HaiiioHajibHÍ KopflOHH Ta 3anjiinHHJio He onHy 3 cycinHix jiÍTepaTyp, to yKpamcb-khh kjihchd;h3m BTpaTHB yci cípepH BnjiHBy Ha ayjKÍ JiÍTepaTypn: b „yKpai'HCbKHX HíKOJiax" BnjiHBajia Ha nyjKi jiÍTepaTypn h e ynpa-íHCbKa jiÍTepaTypa, a caMe yKpamcbKe jkhtth. Jlnme HOBa 6i-JiopycbKa jiÍTepaTypa noHHHacTbCH 3 öbiopycbKoi nepepiÖKH ,,EHe-ínii" KoTjiapeBCbKoro (nepen, 1845 p.). EKCKyPCIV yKPAIHCBKHH CEHTHMEHTAJII3M 1. OnpeMi TBopn, mp mh Ix po3rjiHHyjiH b nonepenHbOMy Bin,ni-jii — nepenyciM hobíctí Kbítkh, ajie TaKoHC „HarajiKy IIojiTaBKy" íhoaí npcjiinHHKH xapaKTepH3yBajin hk „ceHTHMeHTajibm", po3yMi-K)hh u;e cjiobo He b ceHci ncHxojioriHHOMy, a icTopHHHo-jiiTepaTypHo-My, hk neBHy JiiTepaxypHy Teniio (3epoB). lie BH3Hanajio 36jiHJKeH- HH 3 pOClHCBKHM ,,CeHTHMeHTaJIÍ3MOM" hikojih KapaM3ÍHa. niKOJia KapaM3ÍHa fíyjia cnenncpmHo pocificbKHM 3'flBHmeM; no 11 npHKMeT Hajieacajia neBHa MOBHa pecpopMa — 3HHin,eHHH hh no-cjiaSjieHHH mobhhx bíhmíh noMÍJK pÍ3HHMH jiiTepaTypHHMH taTyHKa-mh; JiiTepaTypHi ťaTyHKH 3ajiHHiHjiHCH tí caMi, mo fi b kjihchi;h3mí, jiHHie ceHTHMeHTajiicTH njieKajiH íhhií 3 nnx raTyHKÍB, amnc kjihch-kh (noeTHHHHH jiHCT — „nocnaHHH", innjiiio, nonppoHc), 3aHenajiH onn, ajie 6yjia HaBÍTb ceHTHMeHTajibHa Tpareniima Tpan.Hn.iH — Hanp., OsepoB; iHHia 6yjia ů ineojiorin, b hkíh bíhShjihch bhjihbh pi3HHX opopM 3axinHi>oro ,,nepen,poMaHTH3My" Ta „MiinaHCbKoro poMaHy". CnoJiyneHHH irax ejieMeHTÍB y neBHy nijiicrt 6yjio oco6hcthm bhtbo-poM KapM3ÍHa Ta neKoro 3 noro jiiTepaTypHHX npH6ÍHHHKÍB. Ajie ifleojioriHHo pocincbKHH „ceHTHMeHTajii3M" Manace mnoro He npnn-hhb 3 inefi eBponeEcBKoi nepen,poMaHTHKH, b KOJKHOMy pa3i, mnoro 3 11 ochobhhx ifleii. 2. Hh mojkjihbo npHKJiaRaTH xapaKTepncTHKy pocinctKoi ,,ceH-THMeHTajibHoi" hikojih" no Kbítkh Ta nonacTH 30 KoTjinpeBCbKoro ? MeHi 33aeTbCH, HeMOHCJiHBO. HacxHHa onoBinanb Kbítkh ■— TpaBec-TÍHHo-aHeKPjOTHHHÍ. „CajinanbKHH narpeT", „KynoBaHHn po3yM"5 „riapxÍMOBe cmnaHHH", „niflópexan" HanncaHÍ b Tpan.Hu;ii 3obcím ne ceHTHMeHTajibHÍH. B ÍHninx g HyTTGBHH ejieMeHT, HyTJiHBÍ cqeHH, ajie HeMac ceHTHMeHTajibHoro cthjiio, „HyTjiHBoro" 3MajiiOBaHHH nonin 3 cy6'gkthbhhmh BHHBaMH no^yTTH eaMoro aBTopa (Hanp., bhkjihkh „ax!", „yBH!" i t. n,.). HeMaG ejieMeHTÍB „nepenpoMaHTHHHoi" no-xMypocTH („occÍHHÍ3My"), HeMac „nepníppacTHHHoro" cthjiio KapaM-3ÍHCLK01 niKOJin (3aMÍCTb „coHn.e" — ,,neHHe cbíthjio", 3aMÍcTt „kíhb" — ,,n.a niJiHxeTHa TBapHHa, HKa.. ." i t. ft.), HeMae neTajibHHX Ta ipoHÍHHHx onncÍB (BnjiHB CTepHa b uikojií KapaM3ÍHa). Moace enirae, mp Ha6jiHjKyG KBÍTKy ho pociScbKoro ceHTHMeHTaJiÍ3My, ne jiioSob 37^ no MopajibHHx ceHxeHqiH, ajie im pnca He nyaca i KaacHi^H3M0BÍ. XpncTHHHCLKHH CBÍToraaa, Toro caMoro rany 3ycTpÍHeMo i b Kbítkh i b neKoro 3 pociÉcbKHX ceHTHMeHTaaicTÍB, ajie lie He Moace 6yra ocHOBOK) a,aa jiiiepaTypHoro 36aHaceHHH. MopaaÍ3M Kbítkh xapaKTepHCTH^HHH pannie nna nepen,KapaM3ÍHCbK0i noon. OnoBÍnaHHH Kbítkh reae nanHHo, o6pa3H 3aoKpyraem, BHpa3 tohhhh, xoh i TpoxH npHMÍTHBHHH. Up see me iiiaKOM y TpaaHiiii Kaa- CHHHOl np03H. CaMOCTÍHHe BÍflKpHTTH KbÍTKOK) CeaflHCBKOl TeMaTHKH 30BCÍM He Haöanacye fioro np pociScbKoro ceHTHMeHTaaÍ3My, ne hí-Horo noAÍOHoro ne 6yao, HyraHBÍCTb Kbítkh HaöcKopiuie BHnaHBac 3 yKpaiHCBKoi HapoflHOi Bnaai Ta niceHHoi TpannHÍí. LUp ôanaí^e 3b'h-3ani ,,ceHTHMCHTaabHÍ" eaeivieHTH y KoTaapeBCBKoro 3 h,ígk) Tpann- HÍGK), XOH He Tpe6a II.ÍaKOM BÍnKHnaTH MOacaHBHX BnaHBÍB pociöcbKO- ro ceHTHMeHTaaÍ3My. 3. Pocíhcbkhh ceHTHMeHTajiÍ3M npnmc MOBHy i CTHaicTHHHy pe-(popMy pociäcbKoi aÍTepaTypn. ToMy niaKOM npnponHe BnniaeHHH iiboro — xoa i He iunpoKoro — nanpainy b oKpeMHÖ Bin.nin b icTopľi pociäcBKoi aÍTepaTypn. B icTopii yKpamcbKoi aÍTepaTypn HeMac no-TpeÖH yTBopiOBaTH 3 KiabKox TBopiB Kbítkh Ta onHoro TBopy Kot-aapeßCbKoro OKpeMoro aÍTepaTypHoro HanpaMy. I KßiTKa i KoTaa-peBCBKHH, HKinp BOHH híhcho, HeBeaHKOK) MipoK», ninaaraan Bnan-Baai pociäcbKoro ceHTHMeHTajiÍ3My a6o BÍnnoBinHHx 3axinmx Tenia, MaôyTb, HaBÍTb He noMÍTHan ycie'i bíhmíhhocth irax Tenia Bin, ix BaacHo'i, b ochobí KaacHHHo'i aiTepaTypHo'i Tpanniiii, TaK ca-Mo hk He 3BepTaan yBarn TyaaK-ApTeMOBCbKHH a6o Biaen,bKHH-Ho-ceHKO, nepecnißyioHH 6aaa,zra Bioprepa hh Teie, inp neil raTyHOK 30BCÍM nyacHH ix BjiacHÍä KaacHaHÍH noeTHni. .. YKpaiHCbKa aÍTe-paTypa Toro nacy 6yaa aÍTepaTypHo Maao nH{pepeHn,inoBaHa, ícto-pHK aÍTepaTypn He noBHHeH niTynHO noöinbinyBaTH hígi nntpepeH- H.íhhíí, yTBOpiOIOHH HJIH HpCHTKa noeTÍB KÍabKa pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHX pyôpHK. VII. POMAHTHKA A. JliTeparypHa poMaHTiiKa 1. JlrrepaTypHa poMaHTHKa, a6o poMaHTH3M, e jirrepaTypHa Tenia, HKa BHCTyriHJia HanpHKmni 18 ct. b HiMeannm Ta noMaJiy 3a-xoimaa jiiTepaTypy bcígí EBporm. HayKOBe BH3HaieHHfl poMaHTHKH apcHTb BaiKKo naTH, 6o poMaHTHaHa arrepaTypa npoTaroM kIjibkox necHTHJiÍTB Ta y pi3HHx Hapon,ÍB HaÖHpajia bíhmíhhhx dpopM, a oKpeMi npencTaBHHKH poMaHTHKH ae b aoMy ayace pÍ3Hhjihch obhh Bifl oflHoro. IIpoTe oiihc, nepejiiK xapaKTepncTHHHHX o3HaK pOMaHTHHHHX TCHÍH HaTH Jiernie, 6o BdOflH poMaHTHKH 3BepTäJIH nyace BejíHKy yBary Ha oôťpyHTyBaHHH Ta BHKaan, cbogi ineoaorii Ta Ha (popMyjiioBaHHH ochobhhx 3acan. cbogi noeTnaHo'i Teopii. 2. PoMaHTHHHi Teaii BHCTynajiH b pi3HHX Kpamax He onHO-aacHo: b HiMeaanm b nojiOBHHi 90-x poKÍB 18 ct., b AHraií Maiíace onHoaacHo, y pociaH Ta nojiHKÍB nic jih 1815 p., y íhhihx cjiob'hh Ta dppaHĽ[y3ÍB me nÍ3HÍme. Ajie 3an,OBro po noaaTKÍB BjiacHo'i poMaHTHKH 6yjiH OKpeMi npencTaBHHKH Ta HaBÍTB Teaii', hk to KaacyTB, „nepeapoMaHTHHHi": b AHraii — ,,occíhhÍ3m", noxMypa noe3Ía „hohí Ta MorHjra", mo BHXoanaa 3 kcjibtcbkhx repoiaHHx niceHt OcciHHa (b aíhchoctí 3(pajibui0BaHHX MeKdpepcoHOM), a noaacTH h „MimaHCbKHH poMaH", y <řpaHu;ii — „pycco'Í3M" — KyjibT ayTTH, p03BHHeHHH TeopeTHMHO PyCCO Ta npHKJiafleHHH hhm po noeTHMHOÍ npaKTHKH, b HiMeaanm „Sturm und Drang", 3 KyjiBTOM bíjibhoi jnoflHHH, Ta repnep, 3 fioro npoTecTOM npoTH 3aHaaTo bhcokoi oi^íh-kh po3yMy Ta 3 ňoro iHTepecoM po Haponnoi noe3Íi, i neaKi íhuií Teaii. Ha yKpamcbKy poMaHTHKy BnjiHBajín, xoa 3ne6iabina BJKe He 6e3nocepejJHbo, a aepe3 poMaHTHKy 3axia.mo, TaKoat Teaii' „nepea,- pOMaHTHMHi". 3. HaÖJiernie 3po3yMÍGMO gctbo poMaHTHaHoí iaeoaorií Ta po- MaHTHHHOl noe3Íl, kojih Öy^eMO BHXOaHTH 3 iCTOpHHHOl ono3Hn.ii, B HKÍH pOMaHTHKa CTOHJia po TemŘ 18 CTOJIÍTTH, PO KaaCHUH3My Ta npOCBÍaeHOCTH. BnXOnHHH 3 0n03Hlrií po nOeTHKH KaHCHU,H3My, poMaHTHKa BHÔysyBajia BJiacHy Teopiio noe3ÍI, hkoio i KepyBajiacn b jiiTepaTypHiíi npaKTHiji. BHXoaHHH 3 ono3Hn.ii po CBÍToraan.y npo- CBiaeHOCTH, pOMaHTHKa p03BHHyjia CBÍŽ BJiaCHHH CBiTOrjIHfl, 6e3 376 «Koro HeMOJKJiHBo 3po3yMÍTH ineoaorinHoro 3MÍCTy TBOpÍB poMaH-thkíb Ta HaBÍTb i poMaHTHHHoi noeTHKH, Mh 3BepHeMo b najibiiiOMy yBary Ha npoBiam inei poMaHTHKH, jikí 3ycTpinaeMo b yKpamctKHX POMaHTHKÍB. 4. PoMaHTHnHHÔ CBiToraan, — npoTHJiejKHicTt. cBiToraaay npo-CBineHocTH. Kojih npocBinemcTt. yBaacaaa 3a ocHOBHy cHJiy ni3-HaHHH po3yM, BBaHcajia cbít Ta aioanHy 3a BnoBHÍ npHCTynm ni3-HaHHK) 3a apnoMoroio po3yMy po3yMOM ocBÍTjieHoro apcBiny, BBaacaaa, HapeniTi, wo bch bíhchíctb 30ynpBaHa 3 npocTHX eae- MeHTÍB, HK IX CyMa, — TO Ha nyMKy POMaHTHKÍB, p03yM - JIHHie o/ma 3Í 3p;aTHocTeH aioncbKoro nyxy, Ta h to He HaHBHiua, He-noBHa, HenocTaTHH naa nÍ3HaHHa ríhechocth; aificHicTt. ne g npocTOio cyMOK) oKpeMHx e jieMeHT i b , nacTOK, — HaBnaKH, híjiíctb 3aBHca,h 3yM0BjiK)g co6oK) OKpeMi ejieMeHTH, g He JiHHie ninpina, a h bhii^s, híhí yce OKpeMiiHHe, yci aacTKH, OKpeMi ejieMeHTH niaoro. n,a 3MÍHa ocHOBHHX npHHi^HHÍB noraaay BHMarajia hobo'í Me- TOflH nÍ3HaHHH'. TOMy 3yCTpÍHaGMO B POMaHTHKÍB pÍ3HÍ Teopil, WO KopeťyiOTb TpaaHiriimy aoriKy, a6o 3míhioiohh a6o npnoBHioioHH jiorÍHHi 3aK0HH, a nacTime n,e óyBac BHMora ni3HaHHH He JiHHie jiorinHoro, a ň HanaorinHoro: ni3HaHHa nonyTTHM a6o ,,ÍHTyniÍGio'', no Toro iHoaj ,,ÍHTyÍD;ÍGK) noeranHOK)". IIoe3Ía CTac nopya HayKH, HK íhuihh, ajie He hhhcihh ruaax nÍ3HaHHH. BinKHnaiOHH TpanimiK) panioHaatHoro nÍ3HaHHH, poMaHTHKH noHHHaiOTL. noMiaaTH Ta BiamyKyBaxH b pÍ3HHx cípepax 6yTTH BHyT-piuiHi npoTHjiejKHocTi, aHTHTe3H, „nporapinna"; Moace Hanoiatma íx 3acayra, mp bohh noMÍTHan TaKi BHyTpiuím npoTHaeaíHocTi b aionimi, b icTopHHHOMy nponeci i b coH.iHJit.HOMy 6yTTÍ. TaKi npoTH-aejKHocTi ne yHeMOJKJiHBjíioiOTb TÍCHoro 3b'H3Ky míhí pí3hhmh ccpe-paMH, HKoro oxone myKae poMaHTHKa. Hp uiyKaHHH npHBeJio po- MaHTHKiB flO BaaCJIHBHX, XOH í He 3aBaC3H HHMH BHKOpHCTaHHX BÍa- KpHTt. y npHpoao3HaBCTBÍ, b cycniabHHx HayKax, y ncHXoaorii. 5. PoMaHTHKa iHaKHie hhbhtbch na cbít, Ha jnonHHy h Ha Bora, amac aHBHaaca npocBinemcTt.. Cbít naa poMaHTHKH He g npocTHÖ MexaHÍ3M, wo CKaanacTbca 3 OKpeMHX aaCTHH, HK rODHHHHK 3 KoaimaT, a jkhbhö opraHÍ3M, HacTHHH HKoro 3yMOBaem Ta CKepMOBam niaHM. Cbít He hájikom p03KpHBaGTbCH nÍ3HaHHK) HaUIOrO p03yMy. y HbOMy HeMOHCaHBO BHBHaTH anme OKpeMi CTopoHH, ccpepn, ne öepynH po yBarn bcíx íhuihx Ta H,ijioro. A po toto y cbítí — npcHTt. „TaeMHHHHx", 3axo-BaHHx, HeßiflOMHx c(pep Ta cna. PoMaHTHKa Mac HaBÍTt neBHy Ha3By nafl hhx cna, cípep b ix H,iaoKynHocTÍ: ,,HÍHHa CTopoHa" CBÍTy. Hro „HinHy CTopoHy" poMaHTHKH npcain.HcyBaaH, Ta ne AocaiflHíeHHH, 377 nopy^í BÍnHOBJíeHHJi CTapnx nepecynÍB, npHHecjio i nemo ujíme HJIh HayKH. JIionuHa — He npocTo po3yMHa TBapnna a6o S MexaHÍ3M (ivra-iHHHa), HK yBajKaJiH HaöpannKajibHiini npencTaBHHKH npocBineHoc-th, a HaBnaKH, ny^e CKJianHa icTOTa, b jikíh g h hhkhí h bhiijí pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍ ejieMeHTH. JIlOnHHa HaJieHíHTb po nBOX PÍ3HHX cbítíb, a to h no ôaraTbox cbítíb. Ctohhh Ha íx mokí, BOHa ninnarae BnjiHBaM 3 pÍ3HHX ccpep. 3oKpeMa, nynieBHe jkhttji jiionHHH 3ajie-JKHTB, 3 onHoro 6oKy, Bin TÍjiecHoi cípepn, 3 npyroro, 3naTHe nin- HOCHTHCH HO HaHJUOHCbKOrO. JlK>HHHa TaK CaMO nOBHa TaGMHHHHX CHJT, hk i Becb cbít; ue TaeMmrae 3 norjiany CBÍTJia po3yMy g „HecBÍnoMe", ycHKÍ 3ÔoHeHHH Bin „HopMajibHoro", po3yMHoro xony nymeBHoro jkhtth: ooateBÍJijia, coh, eKCTa3a, HanxHeHHa, nepen^yT-th, „HmHa CTopoHa" ny™! i t. n- — bcí Tani nepejKHBaHHH BÍnKpn-BaioTb jiionHHi BHxin Í3 c(pepn 3BHHaHHoro Ii ôyTTH no ÍHmHX c(pep, iionacTH bhii^hx, i MaioTb TOMy rjiHÔOKe 3HaHeHHH. 3oKpeMa BHCOKy ouÍHKy nicTajia b cbítí poMaHTHKH J11060B, iup onnpHBac jik>hhhí „6e3MeHCHe", BrjiíinH b íhhihh cbít, no ccpepn nepejKHBaHb, akí bh- BOHHTb 11 3a MeJKÍ nOBCHKneHHOl peajIbHOCTH. Bor He jiHHie TBopenb, inp HanaB cbítobí 3aKOHH Ta 3ajimHHB noro xin KepMi n,nx 3aK0HÍB („nei3M" 18 ct.), a HaBnaKH, e aarne 6yTTH, HKe, monpaßna, poivraHTHKH ycyßaiOTb b MÍCTmmy nÍTbMy TaKoi BHCOTH, HKa B3araJii HenpncTynHa jnoncbKOMy nÍ3HaHHio Ta CToiTb noHan ycÍMa jnoncbKHMn noHHTTaMH. Hk He Bxin y um míc-THHHy eo^epy, to xoh ninxin no Hei CKopime BÍnKpnBäG no*ryrTa, aHÍJK p03yM. 3aCJla6jIK)K)hh TaKHM mhhom 3HaHeHHJl HOrMaTHHHOÍ ôorocjioBCbKoi HayKH, poMaHTHKH, onnane, pa30M 3 thm npHCHJiio-K)Tb 3HaHeHHH n,epKOBHo*i Tpannnji, 60 HKpa3 n,a, nonacTH 3obcím Ha po3yMÍ He 3ÖynoBaHa Tpannnia, HaäcHJibHime BnjiHBaG Ha tjihö-mi, HepaqioHaJibHÍ cTopoHH jiioncbKo'í íctoth Ta HanrjiHOme yxo-nnTb KopÍHHHM b Te n^JieKe MHHyjie, b HKOMy poMaHTHKH TeHc y6a-naioTb 6jiH3bKÍCTb no BHiuHx ccpep ÔyTTH. OTHce, — ipaqioHajibHHH, „HynecHHÍí" Ta CKOMnjiiKOBaHHÔ cbít; B GCTBÍ CBOGMy CKJianHa Ta TÍCHO 3B'H3aHa 3 ÍHIIIHMH, TaGMHHHHMH c(pepaMH jiionHHa; Bor, hkhh bhcohhtb noHan ycaKHM panioHajib-HHM nÍ3HaHHíiM, ajie BÍnKpnBaeTbca HaM nepe3 nonyTTH Ta b Tpa- HHU.Í1 - TaKHH fl- CBKHX yMHHKÍB. HaBnaKH, bíh g bhhbom bhih,hx cHJi, Bene no BHinpi MeTH, ajie Mae BHyTpiuiHiH ceHC Ha bcíx maöjifix cBoro pyxy. Ha-bítb i b najieKOMy MHHyjioMy 6yjio 6araT0 noBHOBapTHHx flyxoBHX ejieMeHTÍB. MnHyjie — He jiHine ninroTOBKa np Jiinnio'í 6yflyHHHH, a Mae BapTÍCTb i b co6i caMOMy. TaK poMaHTHKa BiflKpHBae 3a6yTÍ MH 3aHexaHHÍ npocBineHiiHMH enoxH — 30Kpeivra cepeflHbOBiHHíi, n o h a c t h i SapoKKo. HaBÍTb i b aoíctophhhíh c- HíeTy: OKpeMi momchth b xofli nofliä HaBMHCHe 3ajiHinaiOTbCH b tíhí, 3aMOBayeTbca. Tpap;Hi];ÍHHe bhchhh npo noeTHnm ťaTyHKH nopymysTbCH. Po-MaHTHKH oxoae 3MÍniyioTb r/aiyHKH, mp 3pin,Ka poönjiocn i paHiuie; MiniaioTb npo3y 3 BipniaMH, b BipuioBaHi e n i a h i TBOpH (noeMH) BCTaBJIÍHOTb HHCJieHHÍ ji Í p h m h Í MÍČÍCH Í t. fl. HaperiiTi, poMaHTHKa 3aBOflHTb hobí dpopMH, ťaTyHKH, hkhx rne He öyjio. Jlo hhx HajieíKHTb, HanpHKJiafl, poMaHTHHHa noeMa, mp 11 aacTo 3ByTb „ôafípoHiaHOK)", 3a ím'hm íi BHflaTHoro npencTaB^ HHKa, HKa b-íjikom BÍflpÍ3HjieTbCH Biß enonei — noeMH KJiHcn:oH3My (AHB. VII. JS,). JJIyjKe yjnoÔJieHHM ťaTyHKOM poôHTbCH öajiHfla, He-BejíHKe eniHHe onoßiflaHHH BipineM Ha 3pa30K CTapoBHHHHX Tamco-BHX niceHb, onoBiflaHHa ne aacTo Mae dpaHTacTHMHHH xapaKTep. HaHOBo po3BHBaeTbca HacjiiflyBaHHH HapoflHoi* nicHi, HKy Tenep ne o6po6jiK)K)Tb ,,flJiH cajiboHy", hk ne poÔHJioca b aacn KjiHCHnH3My; pOMaHTHKH CTpHMJIHTb flaTH TaKe HaCJliflyBaHHH, HKe 6 HaHÖijIbUI BiflnoBÍflajio xapaKTepoßi cnpaBJKHix HapoflHHX niceHb. HepiflKO ni HacjiiflyBaHHH HaBÍTb 3aB0flHTb HHTaaa, a to h BaeHHX, b oMaHy, HaBÍTB KOJiH aBTop HacjiiflyBaHHji 30bcím He xone cbíromo dpajibiny-BaTH nicHi. Hopya HacJiinyBaHb BHflaiOTb TäKOJK 3ÔipKH cnpaBJKHix HapoflHHX niceHb. Cepefl npo30BHX dpopM s'hbjihgtbch Ka3Ka, Ha HKy He flHBJíHTbCH Bace hk na 3aóaBKy, a BKjiaflaiOTb y Hei nacTO CepH03HHH 3MÍCT. Ilopya UITyHHHX Ka30K 3*HBJIHK)TbCH 3anHCH Ha-pOflHHX Ta 3ÔÍpKH IX. POMaHTHHHHH CTHJIb, p03yMÍGTbCH, TeJK BÍflXHJIHGTbCH Bifl CTH-' JIK) KJIHCHini3My. MOBa 3ÖaraayGTbCH Ha HOBÍ CJIOBa, 3B7H3aHÍ 3 HO- bhmh o6pa3aMH Ta TeMáMH, Hanp., „Hŕraa CTopoHa" CBiTy Ta flymi. ÍHTepec flo He3BHaaäHHx ncHxiHHHX nepeíKHBaHb söaraaye MOBy Ha pÍ3HÍ BHpa3H flJIH HeHCHHX, HeflOBÍflOMHX, TaGMHHHHX nCHXÍHHHX CTaHÍB Ta HaCTpOlB. CTHJIb BHTOHHyGTBCH flJIH 306paJKeHHH TaGM- HHHoro Ta HencHoro B3arajii. Oxoae BJKHBaiOTb napaflOKcajiBHHX cnojiyneHb cjiíb, HanpHKJiafl nopiBHioiOTb 3ByKH 3 SapBaMH, t. 3b. 381 „CHHeCTe3Íl" i T. H- iHTepeC HO iCTOpil npHBOflHTb flO BHCHTKy hhc-JieHHHX CTapHX CJ1ÍB, 30KpeMa B iCTOpHHHOMy onoBiflaHHi. CTyfliio-BaHHH HaponHoi noe3ÍI BHKJiHKae cthjiícthhhí HacjiiflyBaHHH ií, nHCbMeHHHKH OX0H6 BJKHBaiOTb THX CaMHX cthjiícthhhhx 3aCo6ÍB, hkhmh KopHCTyeTbCfl HaponHa nicHH, Ka3Ka. MoBa no^iacra 36ara-^yeTLCfl Ha HapoHHi aöo pinni cjiOBa, aJie noBaacHÍ, He „KypH03HÍ", HK y TpaBecTÍHHHX cpopMax KJiHCHHH3My. Crajib, He niHJiHraio^H CyBOpiIM npraiHCaM KJIHCHnH3My, 3Ha*ÍH0 3MÍHK)GTbCfl y OKpeMHX npeHCTaBHHKÍB pOMaHTHKH, B OKpeMHX TaTyHKaX, b OKpeMHX Kpaí- Hax Tomp. O^Ha 3 HaÔXapaKTepHCTHMHiuiHX pHC pOMaHTHHHOl noeTHKH - „CHMBOJiiKa". Kojih 3a híhchíctk), 3a hhm cbítom ctoítb íhuihh, bhih,hh, to kojkhhh oô'gkt, KOJKHHH eJieMeHT 6yTTH B llbOMy cbítí BKa3y6, HaTHKae Ha bhihhh cbít, g öoro oöpa30M, chmbojiom. ToMy poMaHTHKH, BHKopHCTOByioHH CTapy TpaflHinio, 30KpeMa Tpanninio HaponHoi noe3Íí, mieKaiOTb CHMBOJiiKy b po3MÍpax no Toro Maňace HeôyBajiHx; kojkhhh noeTHHHHH o6pa3, Kosma KapTHHa, KoacHa HyMKa MycHTb y hhx Mara nonBÍime 3HaHeHHS. KpÍM cBoro 6e3no-cepeHHboro 3HaHeHHa, Bce Mac tjihöuihh ceHc, BKa3yiOHH Ha oKpeMi ejieMCHTH BHinpro CBÍTy. ĽUpcb noHÍOHe 6yao Bace b aÍTepaTypi 12-13 ct. Ta b 6apoKKOBÍH noe3Íí. PoMaHTH^iHa CHMBOJiiKa KopncTy-GTbca o6pa3aMH, hkí BÍnnOBÍnaiOTb II CBÍToraany: ncHXoaorÍHHÍ, CpÍaOCOCpÍHHÍ, ÍCTOpHHH0-(pÍJIOCOCpÍ^hí CHMBOJIH ÍHOflí 3ryiH,yiOTbCH HO CKJiaHHHX ajieropiá, „MÍCTepiô", nip BHMaraiOTb cneniaabHoro BHTOBManeHHfl, ÍHTepnpeTaniI. Aae noBHi CHMBoaiHHoro 3MÍCTy nac-To i jierKi, jiipHHHi neH3aaci hh HaßiTb noöyTOßi MaaioHKH, Bipnii, HapncH poMaHTH^Hoi aÍTepaTypn. IliKaBo, mp poMaHTHKa yxnaaeTbca bíh yacHBaHHH o6pa3ÍB, chmbojiíb, 30KpeMa nocTaTeä aHTH^Hoi' mítojioiíi. 3aMÍCTb hhx íhohí 3'HBjiíiiOTbCfl o6pa3H 3 Mřroaorii HanioHajibHoi. 9. JIiOHHHa Ha6yaa b poMaHrain BJiacHoro 3Ha*ieHHH: hk gctbo, rn,o 3B'ii3aHe 3 pi3HHMH ccpepaMH ôyTTH, hk iCTOTa, hkoi xapaKTep, jkhbhh cpi3HHHHH Ta nyxoBHÖ opraHÍ3M, BinÔHBae b co6i 6ynoBy íhhihx ccpep 6yTTH, 6o Becb cbít g jkhbhh opraHÍ3M. JIionHHa g iCTOTa, b hkíh CKOHneHTpoBam, HaKynneHi íctophhhí cnoraflH i pi3-HOMaHÍTHi BHjiHBH cycniabCTBa, i g TBop^a icTOTa. b noe3Íi 30KpeMa BH3HaMHoi* poai HaöyBac nocTaTb caMoro noeTa. ľloeT xo^e 6yra JHOHHHOK) BCeOXOnaK)K)HOK), BCeÔÍHHOK), npHHeTHOK) ho HaOpÍ3HO-MaHÍTHÍHIHX CpOpM aCHTTH j u,ící BCeOXOnJIHBOCTH pOMaHTH^hkh noeT Hocarac ^acTO thm, mp bíh CTac jhohhhok) pyxjiHBOK», nocTiÔHO 3MÍHJIHBOK), HKa, HK ľlpOTeH, nOCTÍHHO MÍHHG CBÍH CTHJIb, CBÍH xe- paKTep, cBoi ÍHTepecH, íhohí HaBÍTb cboí noraann. IIoe3ÍH g bhh-TejibKa HapoflÍB; noeT Mae 6yra npopoKOM, y^HTeaeM, npoBÍHHHKOM, 382 bíjibhhm TBopueM. ToMy b poMaHTHnj nacTa caM0CTHJiÍ3an,ia noeTa HK npopOKa, HK BHinOÍ JHOflHHH, BÍJIbHOÍ Bin. 3aKOHÍB Ta HOpM no- BC HKneH h or o hchtth. HacTo n,H no3a 3arocTpioeTbca no Toro, mp noeT HaBMHCHe 3MaabOBye ce6e hk JiionHHy, hkíh npncTynm HaBÍTB HeťaTHBHi c(pepH SyTTa: „neMomaHa" nocTaTB, hkíh inoHaHMemne 3po3yMÍai i ôoaceBiaaa, i nopoK. Tßopn cTHnÍ30Bam TaK, mo6 y hhx Bnanano b oni íx nocTäHHíi 3 BijibHoro HanxHeHHH, 6e3 nifljiíiraHHH hkhmocb 3aKOHaM, npaBHnaM, oÔMeacemiHM. KyabT noeTa hk bh-mpi aio^hhh HaaeJKHTb no xapaKTepHCTHnmix pne JíiTepaTypHoi KyabTypn poMaHTHKH. 10. H.k kojkhhS KyjibTypHHH Ta jíiTepaTypHHfi HanpaM, i po-MaHTHKa Mae cboi Bjiacm „He6e3neKH", HeťaTHBHi pnen, mp b cbo-6My po3BHTKy BenyTb 3,0 3aHenany noeTHKH poMaHTHKH. JXo TaKHX pne HajieacaTb HaeaMnepen neBHa HecTaaicTb, aerKOBaacmcTb, na-xna np He3aKÍHneH0CTH BeaHKHX nnamB Ta HanepKÍB. IIjihhh Ta HaMipH, Mpií, CHOBHHH HaCTO CTaBnHTbCH BHme, 3a nÍHCHÍCTB. He-CTpHMHa CpaHTa3ÍH, HeXTyBaHHfl KOHKpeTHOl, ,,HH3bKO*Í" RÍHCHOCTH 3aB03HTb poMaHTHnHHx noeTÍB y c(pepy (paHTacTHKH, 3 hkoí bohh jiHine 3 BejiHKHMH TpyzraouiaMH MoacyTb noBepHyTHca no peaabHoro acHTTH, a to h Ha3aBjKř(H 3aaHuiaK)Tbcs b ijíh cepepi BTpaneHHMH. He MeHuia He6e3neKa — naeKaHHH nonyTTH, HacTpoK»; i TyT nacTO nepeacHBaHHH, nynieBHHH HacTpiž BBaacaeTbca Bace nocnrHeHHHM, — poMaHTHK oÔMeacyeTbca Ha HbOMy, He nyMaK)Tra Bace npo 3nifíc-hchhh cboíx iij;eaaÍB, Mpiíí y peaabHOMy acHTTi. Bin kphthkh iihx HeťaTHBHHx pne poMaHTHKH nacTO BHxonnaa nÍ3HÍuie ono3HHÍH no poMaHTHKH 3 6oKy npencTaBHHKÍB naabinoro arrepaTypnoro po3-BHTKy, 30KpeMa t. 3B. „peaaicTÍB". B. yicpaiHCbica poMaHTinca 1. PoMaHTHKa, aK hí oahh íhihhh aiTepaTypHHH HanpaM, cnpn-aaa „npoßynaceHHio" Moaonnx a6o BinipBaHHx Bin hobíhioí eBpo-neíícBKoi KyaBTypn Hapofliß. 3oKpeMa BH3HanHy poaio Bi^irpaaa poMaHTHKa b npooynacenm a6o BÍa,ponaceHHÍ caoß'HHCbKHX Hapo-niß. iHTepec no HaponHoí noe3Ü, 30 HaponHoro noöyTy Ta BHCOKa ix on;ÍHKa, iHTepec no MHHyaoro Ta 3HOBy BHCOKa on,ÍHKa 3aHenöa-HHX, HenooujÍHeHHX CTopiHOK MHHyaoro, iHTepec no HanioHaJibHO-CBoepinHoro, aioßoB no HeKyabTHBOBanoi npnponn — ne tí mo-MeHTH, hkí MycnaH 3BepHyTH yBary npencTaBHHKÍB cxinHboeBponež-cbKHx Haponis Ha ix CTapoBHHy, Ha i'xHK) HaponHy noe3iio Ta Ha-ponHHH noöyT, Ha ix Baacm KpaiHH. A BacHTOK MHCTeiibKHX 3aco6ÍB Haponnoi noe3Íi b aiTepaTypi MyciB 30KpeMa npoMOBaaTH no cepija 383 npen,cTaBHHKaM thx HaponÍB, y hkhx n,H noe3ÍH me JKHjia noBHHMr 3KHTTHM, Ta 3anJliflHHTH Í BHBeCTH Ha HOBÍ hijihxh IX BJiacHy jitiepa-Typy. JXO BnjIHBÍB pOMaHTHKH b HBOIViy HanpHMÍ npHe^HaBCH i BnjIHB nepenpOMaHTH3My repnepa. 2. ToMy He MOJKHa nHByBaTHcn, inp poMaHTHKa — CKJianHHMH HiJiHxaMH — BnjiHHyjia ň Ha yKpamcbKy JiiiepaTypy Ta mp ynpa-lHCBKa poMaHTHHHa jiiTeparypa, nopiBHHHo HeninpoKa, Hajio- JKHJia nOMÍTHHH BÍnÔHTOK Ha BeCb naJlBIUHH JliTepaTypHHÍÍ P03BÍH Ta HIHpOKO yBÍÍlHIJia B HapOHHy CBÍflOMÍCTb. 3 OAHoro Sony, CBÍTorjiHn, poMaHTHKH Maß Han,3BHHaiÍHe 3Ha-neHHH hjih po3BHTKy yKpa'ÍH03HaBHHX CTyn,in y bcíx rajiy3íix. Icto- pHHHe MHHyjie - pÍ3HÍ HOÖH HOľO - JIHHie b cbítjií poMaHTHHHoro CTaBJíeHHfl np MHHyjIOrO 3pOÔHJIHCH CpaKTOpaMH HanjOHaJIBHOl cbí- homocth. ToMy cTyn.ii MHHyjioro 6yjiH 3a npÖH poMaHTHKH cKJian.0-bok> nacTHHOK) HaqioHajiBHoro pyxy. 3 npyroro 6oKy, HaponHa niňc- HÍCTb 3'flBHJiaCH OHaM pOMäHTHKÍB Han3BHHaÖHO noBHOIO, BHCOKO- ľ[íhhoio Ta 6araTOK>. He Juane 36npaHHH eTHorpacpÍHHoro MaTe-pifljiy, ajie h BHKopncTaHHH öoro b pÍ3HHx c4)epax KyjibTypn — nepenyciM y jiiTepaTypi — CTajio TaKoac 3aBn,aHHHM Han,ioHajibHHM. Hapon. Ta icTopifl — ochobhí TeMH yKpai'HCbKoí poMaHTHKH — pa-30M 3 thm — ochobhí npoôJieMH HanioHajibHoro pyxy. P03BHTK0BÍ yKpaiHCbKOÍ JlÍTepaTypn HaH3BHHaHHO CnpHHB TOH (paKT, mp ii nHCbMCHHHKH, 30KpeMa HleBHeHKo, najieKo TÍcHiuie 6yjiH 3B*H3aHÍ 3 CnpaBJKHÍM HapOflHHM JKHTTHM, aHÍJK nepeBaJKHa 6ÍJIb- micTb 3axin,HÍx pOMäHTHKÍB Ta ô poMaHTHKÍB cycinmx HapofliB. OT>Ke, BOHH híhcho MorjiH KopHCTaTHCH CKapöaMH HapoflHoi noe3Íľ HiHprue Ta BijibHiine, amac ne ôyjio b poMäHTHni ôaraTtox íhhihx Hapon.íb. neBHi ejieMeHTH poManraMHoi noeTHKH yKpaiHCbKi noeTH HaBÍTb He noTpeöyßajiH nepeÖMaTH 3 poMaHTHHHOi Teopii noe3Ü, 6o n,i ejieMeHTH, hk ne noeTaM nonacTH 3naBaJiocH, a nonacTH ö ßyjio b pííhchoctí, MoacHa ôyjio npocTo npnOHHTH np JiiTepaTypH 3 Ha-ponHoi noe3ii. 3. Ckjianmine ctohjio nHTaHHH npo MOBy. nepuii yKpamcbKi poMaHTHKH 6yjiH BTpanem pjifl yKpaiHCbKOi JiiTepaTypH (n.hb. npo ne najii b. 2), míjk hhmh TaKHÔ remHJibHHH nncbMemiHK, hk To-rojib, 6o bohh nncajiH pociöcbKoio mobokd. HanpBHHaHHo Hennc-jieHHa jiÍTepaiypa yKpaiHCbKoio moboio, mp icHyßajia ho 1825 p. Ta Hajieacajia np TpaBecTÍHHHX raTynKÍB, He Morjia BHKJiHKaTH y 3axonjieHHx ineojiorieio poMaHTHKH mojiohhx nncbMeHHHKÍB Bejin-Koro ÖasKäHHH c a m e 11 Hacjiin,yBaTH. nonacTH He 6e3 nincTaB bohh noHyBajiH b nm JiiTepaTypi ,,rjiy3yBaHHH" 3 Hapoay, HaponHoi noe3ÍI Ta fi yKpa'ÍHCbKoi mobh. Ajie poivraHTHKaM y^ajiocn i;e rjiy3y- BaHHH 3 yKpa'ÍHCbKOrO npOBÍHmHJIÍSMy 3aMÍHHTH „MOROIO" na Bce 384 yKpaiHCbKe. JiHiiie a^abine noranoaeHHH pomehthmhoi ifteojiorii npHBejIO MOJIOJlie nOKOaÍHHH yKpaiHCbKHX pOMaHTHKÍB AO TBOpaOCTH yKpaiHCBKOK) MOBOK). 4. Po m äHTHKa Ha 3axo#i npHHinaa po hoboi ouíhkh hk He öapoKKOBoi jiiTepaTypH b njaoMy, to npnHaHMHi neBHHx íi npen,-CTaBHHKÍB, hkhx „poMaHTHKa" HaHOBo „BiAKpnaa", nopya UleKC-nipa, míjk íhhihm Hnoöa BeMe, p. (poH Lüne, AHťejia Ciae3ÍH i t. p. YKpaiHCBKa poMaHTHKa 6yjia Memn macaHBa b ubOMy: íh He Morjia ÍMnoHyBaTH jiiTepaTypa „ayacoio" nepKOBHocaoB'HHCBKoio yKpaiHCBKoi pe^aKiíii aôo „MimaHOio", yKpamcbKOcaoB'HHCbKoio MOBOK), a kok) 6yaa aiTepaTypa yKpamcbKoro ßapoKKa. PoMaHTHKÍB Moran npHTaraTH aôo oKpeMi aiTepaTypm nocTari (CKOBOpo^a) a6o ineoaoriHHHH 3míct o k p e m h x TBopiß. I He BHnaAKOBo aKpa3 po-MaHTHKH BinKpnaH pjix yKpaiHCBKo'i Harj;ioHaatHoi cbíaomocth (Ta h Aaa HayKH) yKpamctKi aiTonncH aacy öapoKKa Ta noaacra ohch-BHJiH ÍHTepee AO CKOBopoAH. Aae xapaKTepncTnaHo, inp Kyaini bía-KHAaB BaacHe bcio yKpamcbKy SapoKKOBy aiTepaTypy, hk „anaAe-MiaHy TbMy", a íhihí npeACTaBHHKH poivraHTHKH, 3a HeBeaHKHMH BHÍMKaMH, hk MaKCHMOBHa, TaK caMo CTaBHanca AO yKpamcbKoro aiTepaTypHoro ÔapoKKa ôaÔAyace a6o Bopoace, njaKOM HeicTopnaHO saKHAaioHH äoMy HeBacHBaHHa HapoAHoi" mobh. 5. P03BHTOK yKpaiHCBKOl pOMaHTHKH G CKaaAHHH Ta 3B'a3aHHH 3 pÍ3HHMH ocoôhcthmh 3MÍHaMH AOai OKpeMHX nHCbMeHHHKlB Ta 3 noaÍTHaHHMH yMOBHHaMH TÍG1 BaaíKOl AOÔH. POMaHTHaHHÔ KyabT ocoÖHCTOi npHH3HÍ Ta poMaHTHHHHH ÍHAHBÍAyaai3M nopya caaô-kocth 3B'a3KÍB noMiac oKpeMHMH ijeHTpaMH yKpai'HCbKoro aCHTTH npHBeau ao Toro, qo poMaHTHaHHÔ pyx po3naAaeTbca Ha iCTOpiio OKpeMHX rypTKÍB, a noaacTH na öiorpadpii OKpeMHX ociô\ hk rje 6yao ao peai i b poMaHTHni 3axÍAHÍH. 3apoAacyGTbca yKpamcbKa poMaHTHaHa aiTepaTypa Ta iAeo-jioria Ha Meaci 20-x Ta 30-x poKÍB y XapKOBi, pe aiTepaTypHHH pyx Maňace 3aBMHpae Bace Ha noaaTKy 40-x poKÍB. B kíhhí 30-x pokíb noaHHaGTbca xoa i HeinnpoKHH poMaHTnaHHH aiTepaTypHHH pyx b TaanaHHi. B Khgbí b 40-x poKax poMaHTHaHHä pyx ÖancKyae po3BHBaGTbca Koao „KHpHao-MeTOAÜBCbKoro öpäTCTBa", aae fioro npnnHHae aAMÍHicTpaTHBHe nepecaiAyBaHHa. 3KeBpiioaH npoTaroM AaabHiHX pokíb Ta noaaraioan Ha ÍHAHBiAyaabHÍH npai^i OKpeMHX nHCBMeHHHKÍB, poMaHTnaHHH pyx 3HaxoAHTb me HanpHKÍHH,í CBOrO icHyBaHHH hobhh i ocTaHHiô ocepeAOK y rieTep6yp3i niA aae icHy-BaHHa „Ochobh". ľlicaa nboro aacy Ha YKpami Bace HeMae nrap-nioro aiTepaTypHoro poMaHTHaHoro pyxy, xoa OKpeMi poMaHTHKH 3aaHuiaioTbca bíphhmh cboih iAeoaori'i, 3MÍHioioaH Ti amne noaacra niA BnaHBOM 30bcím hobhx aaeiß. 385 B pÍ3HHx poMaHTHHHHX rpynax rpaiOTb ineojiorÍHHo npoBÍnHy pojilo nonacTH jnoflH, hkí canii hk yKpamcbKÍ nncbMeHHHKH He bh-CTynajiH. JJpKoro 3 hhx ineoJiorÍB íctophkobí jiÍTepaTypn Tpeöa Tent 3rap,aTH. UmaBÍCTb poMaHTHKÍB no icTopií Ta no HapoaHoro noôyTy npn-Bejia po npani Haa 3ÖHpaHHHM, BHnaBaHHHM Ta oôpoôJieHHHM ícto-pHHHoro Ta eTHorpaípinHoro MaTepinjiy. Opna, 3a onmeio 3'hbjih-10TBCH 36ipKH yKpamcbKoľ HapoflHoí noe3ÍÍ, HacaMnepen h ap on hhx nicem.: kh. M. I^epTejieBa (1819; bíh — He poMaHTHK), M. MaK-CHMOBHna (3ÔipKH 1827, 1834, 1849 p.), I. Cpe3HeBCbKoro (,,3ano-poJKCKan CTapHHa" 1833-38), n. JlyKanieBHna (1836); noabCbKÍ sönpani BHnaiOTB rajiHnbKÍ niem -— BanaaB 3 OjiecKa (1833) Ta JKeroTa riaBJíi (1839-40). OnHonacHo BHxonHTb yKpamcbKa „Py- CajIKa ZÍHÍCTpOBaJl" (1837). PoMaHTHHHÍ BHnaHHH 3aKÍHHyK)TbCa BH- naHHHMH niceHb A. MeTjiHHCbKoro (1854) Ta ,,3anncKaMH o IOhchoh Pycn" Kyjiima (1856-7); i neHKÍ 3 nÍ3HÍuiHx BHnaHb: npnKa3KH fi npHcaÍB'a HoMHca (1864), nicHi H. roaoBanbKoro (1863-5) 3Ôyno-Bam rojioBHe na npan,i, HKy npoBannao poinaHTHHHe noKoaÍHHH. Koan BHnaHHH TBopiB Haponnoi noe3Í'i no neBHo'i Mipn ninTpH-MyiOTb niHabHicTb poMaHTHaHHX noeTÍB, nocTanaiOHH im tcmh, mo-thbh Ta 3HaHOMjiHHH ľx 3 HaponHHM CBÍToraanoM Ta 3aco6aMH Ha-ponnoi noe3Íi, to me ôiabine 3HaneHHa MaiOTb npan,i íctophhhí, hkí nonepuie po3KpHBaiOTb nepen yKpamcbKHM HHTaneM xon 6h h He-noBHHÍi Ta HenocTaTHbo ocBÍTJieHHÍí o6pa3 MHHyjioro yKpamn. Icto-pii yKpamn BaHTHiua-KaMeHCbKoro (1822, nepeBHnaHo 1830, 1842), MapKeBHHa (1842), npan,i 3 icTopií 3anopiacacH CKaabKOBCbKoro (1840 p.), a rojioBHe BHnaHHH jiÍTonHciB — „IcTopií Pyciß" (1846), CaMOBHniíH (1846), BeaHHKa (1848 Ta pa.jii), rpaö'HHKH (1854), BHnaHHH onoBinaHb npo Cin CToaiTHboro 3anopoaKÍB Ta onncax yKpamn. 3obcím He MaiOTb BinÖHTKy poMaHTHn-Horo CBÍToranny HaHBaacaHBimi TBopn nboro xapaKTepy: 3aKpeB-CbKoro onnc KncBa (1836) Ta onncn OKpeMHx nacTHH yKpa'ÍHH CßiHbiHa (noHHHaioaH 3 1829). 6. ítexTO 3 yKpa'ÍHCbKHx poMaHTHKÍB noHCHB no nacÍB, Koan He jiHine naHyBajia imna, poMaHTH3MOBÍ Bopoaca Teaia, peaaÍ3M, aae h no kíhd;h ctojiítth, no ^acy, kojih nonaan npoKHnaTHCH 3HOBy HacTpoi, hkí b öjihjkhhh nac npHBean n° hobhx HanpHMKÍB, mo Be- 386 jihkok) MÍpoio HaranyBajiH cTapím poMaHTH3M: nonacTH iMnpecio-hí3m, a me Sijituie „MonepHÍ3M" hh ,,chmbojií3m". Bin yKpaÍHCBKoi pomaHTHKH 3ajiHinHJioca nocHTb 6araTO oKpeMHX ejieMeHTÍB i y 6jihhíhhx 1H nOKOJlÍHB, CBÍTOr\JIfln ÍIKHX ÓyB 30BCÍM ÍHIHHH. CnpHHJIH iíboMy He jiHiue Ta íjiio3ííi g^hocth yicpaiHCBKoi arrepaTypn, aKa naHyBajia npoTíiroM uiaoro 19 ctojiítth, aae TaKoac i ra 6e3yMOBHo BejiHKa no3HTHBHa pojifl, HKy BÍAirpajiH poMaHTHHHi mothbh b no-CTaHHi yKpaiHCbKoro Haii,ioHaabHoro pyxy Ta yKpaÍHCBKoi hoboi jíiTepaTypH, i He3pÍBHíiHe Miciie HaHÓiJiBuioro yKpaÍHCbKoro no-era, LUeBHeHKa, čepen nHCBMeHHHKÍB nÍ3HÍnioro nacy. JlřrepaTypa i ni-caa poiwaHTHKH 3aaHiHHaaca ařrepaTypoio „HenoBHoio", Ta híh He-noBHOTi Tenep HaBiTb cnpHHJiH aÍTepaTypHi noraann HOBOro noKO-jiíhhh, „peaaicTÍB": bohh xotíjih, ihoS JlřrepaTypa 6yaa BinoHTKOM peajibHoro jkhttk. Ajie peaabHe yKpamcbKe acHTTfl aHMaaoio MÍpoio oČMeacyBaaoca Ha „npocTHH Hapon". iHTepec n° HaponHoro híhtth MyciB ycionn 3ycTpinaTHca 3 tígk) xapaKTepHCTHKOio iiboro 3KHTTJI, aKy Bace naJiH b CBoíx TBopax Ta HayKOBHX npauax poMaH-thkh. OTJKe, npHHaíÍMHi onHH HanpaM peaai3My — eTHorpacpinHHH — flKHaHHi.iabHÍHie 6yB 3B'a3aHHH 3 Tpannujeio poMaHTHKH. Aae i b íhhihx nanpaMax peajiÍ3My noMinaeMo 3Ha a6o 3 ocoShctoio Bnaneio OKpeMHX „peaaicTÍB". UrnaBo, mo tí poMaHTHKH (Kyaim), hkhm me noBonnaoca BHCTynaTH nÍTepaTypHO b nÍ3HÍHioMy oToneHHi, 3ycTpÍHaaHca nyace nacTO 3 Henopo3yMÍH-hhm Ta BopoacHeneio. 7. JJ,o BaacaHBHx pne npaiii yKpaiHCBKHx poMaHTHKÍB Haaeacaao Han3BHHaÉH0 cepiio3He nparHeHHa nepeóopoTH íctophhho 3yMOB-jieHy „HenoBHOTy" yKpaÍHCBKoi aiTepaTypH. CmnoMe naeKaHHH pÍ3H0MaHÍTHHX aÍTepaTypmix ťaTyHKÍB Ta CTpeMaiHHa 6e3nocepen-hbo BCTaHOBHTH 3B'a30K (uiaaxoM BJiacHoro BHBaeHHH Ta nepeKaa-niB) 3 aÍTepaTypoio cbítoboio, HaaeacaTb no HaHBaacaHBiniHX 3a-cayr yKpaiHCBKux poMaHTHKÍB nepen yKpamcbKHM aiTepaTypHHM po3BHTKOM. yicpaiHCtKa aiTepaTypa aaciB poMaHTHKH, He 3BaacaiOHH Ha By3BKÍCTB CBOGi JíiTepaTypHoi nponyKiiii, Bace HaóaHacaeTBca no ineaay aiTepaTypn „noBHoi", ceoTO TaKoi, mo xone 3anoBoaBHHTH nyxoBi noTpeČH bcíx cycniabHHX rpyn. U,a nepeMora yKpaÍHCBKoi poMaHTHKH 6yaa annie THMaacosa: noaiTHHHi yMOBHHH 3po6naH HeMoacaHBHM cnpaBacHG 3nÍHCHeHHfl poMaHTHHHoi nporpaMH, a ineo-jioria Ta JíiTepaTypm noraann peaaicTÍB HHMaao cnpnaaH HOBOMy 3ByaceHHK) TeMaTHKH yKpaÍHCBKoi aiTepaTypn (nHB. VII. 3. 7.). 587 B. „yKpaÍHCi>KÍ iiikojih" b nyacHx poľviaHTHHHiix jiiTepaTypax 1. Be3 cyMHÍBy g CBÍn,oHTBOM noJiiTHHHoro Ta ß KyjitTypHoro 3anenafly yKpa'íhh toh dpaKT, mp yKpamcbKa TeMaTHKa 3'hbjihgtbch cnonaTKy b poMaHTHHHio jirrepaTypi nyjKHx Hapofliß. Cycinn, Tan 6h mobhth, BHCe nOHHHaJIH ,,n,íjihth pH3H" KOJIHHIHboI aBTOHOMHOl KpaÍHH, iup CKOHajia KÍJibKa necHTHJiiTb nepen, thm. Ajie, BBancaiOHH nOCTaHHH „yKpaÍHCbKHX IHKÍJI" 3a CyMHHH CHMHTOM, mm He nOBHHHÍ 3aKpHBaTH oni Ha Te Bejrane3He 3HaneHHH, HKe MaJio BHHeceHHH yKpaiHCbKoi TeMaTHKH Ha jiiTepaTypHe nojie. Bo yKpamcbKi poMaH-thkh, mo nonajiH o6po6jiiOBaTH yKpai'HCbKi TeMH, b KOJKHOMy pa3Í — nacTO noHafl yce iHHie — xonyTb HKHaoóijibuie nijiKpecjíHTH ycio CBOGpiflHicTb Hapony, hkhh bohh ocniByiOTb, Ta BHÔnpaiOTb co6i noBHOBapTHi icTopnnm Ta eTHorpadpinm TeMH. PoMaHTHnHa jiiTepa-Typa HyJKHMH mobemh Ha yKpai'HCbKi TeMH me ř 3HanHo nÍ3HÍuie 3BepTajia ysary HHTaniB Ha yKpamcbKHH Hapon, Ta yKpamcbKy iCTOpÍK) i HHMajIO CnpHHHHHJiaCH DO npOÖyflHteHHH Hai^iOHaJIbHOl CBiflOMocTH b oKpeMHx neHan,ioHajiÍ30BaHHX yKpanmÍB. a yKpai'H-cbKHM nHCbMGHHHKaM Ha nonaTKy i'x TBopnocTH hh JiiTepaTypa no-Ka3yBajia, mo o6po6jieHHH yKpamcbKHx TeM MOJKJiHBe Ha uijinxax „MonepHo'i", jiiTepaTypHo-aKTyajibHoi noeTHHHo'i tbophocth, 6e3 060-B'H3KOBoro nepexony np TpaBecTii. 2. yKpamcbKi TeMH npHTHraJiH np ce6e pociôcbKHx poMaHTH-kíb, hk yce „eK30THHHe". EK30THKa yKpa'ÍHH (Ta KaBKa3y) 6yjia i TepHTopiHjibHo HaHÔjiHHcna. KpiM Toro, 3axonjiiOBajiH TeMH 3 ícto- pil yKpaiHH i cboim JIHHTMOTHBOM ÖOpOTbÖH 3a bojik) npOTH IIOJIblHi» ajie i npoTH Pocii. JJ,o nocTaHHH „yKpamcbKoi uikojih" HHMajio cnpHHHHHJiHCH i HHCJieHHÍ yKpaiHHÍ, mo, npai^ioiOHH Ha niBHoni, flaBajiH b jiiTepaTypHHX TBopax bhxíh, cbo'íh Ty3Í 3a piflHHM KpacM. riepniHMH jiacTiBKaMH 6yjiH TBopH TajiaHOBHToro noeTa pocin-HHHa K. PnjiGGBa (1797-1826). Ilin, BpaHceHHHM „nyM" HGMueBHna (ahb. VI. E. 4) bíh nniue nopyn 3 íhhihmh cbogpíhhhmh Oajinnnn-hhmh „flyMaMH", nyMy „EornaH XMejibHHiibKHH" (1822). IIotím bíh nepexoHHTb np íhihhx yKpamcbKHx TeM, ynce nin, bhjihbom „IcTopií Pyciß", HOBoi HayKOBoi JiÍTepaTypn (BaHTHUi-KaMeHCbKHH, 1822) Ta iHCpopMauifi cboíx yKpamcbKHx npHHTejiÍB, ycionH ninicpec-jnoiOHH TeMaTHKy ôopoTBÔH 3a He3ajiejKHÍcTb yKpa'íhh. noeMH ,,BoHHapoBCbKHÔ" (1824) Ta „HajiHBaÖKo" (1825) 3Po6hjih cHjibHe BpaHíeHHH H Ha yKpa'íhb;íb CHJIOK) BHpa3y Ta TeMOK> ÔOpOTbOH 3a CBoôony. B iMem yKpaiHHJB nonnKy PnjiGGBy bhcjiobhb M. Mapne-bhh, npnaionH, mo i»B Hac ^e HíHBe n,yx IIojiyÖoTKa". JIÍTepaTypHa nJHJIbHiCTb PHJIGGBa OÔipBaJiaCH 3 ÖorO HCHTTHM niCJIH nOBCTaHHH ,,npKaôpHCTÍB", KOJiH ôoro 3 íhhihmh npOBÍflHHKaMH CTpaneHO. B 388 fioro cnaflinnm 3aaHniHanca me He3aKmaeHÍ TBopn Ha yKpamcbKi TeMH: noeMa ,,XMejii>hhbíi>khh'' Ta HapHCH (3naeTbca, npaMn) „Ma-3ena". Phjiggb KopncTaBca b cboix TBopax no neHKo'i Mipn noeTHKOio yKpaiHCbKHX flyM Ta nicem.. Ee3nocepen.Hbo 3 noeM PnaeeBa Ta flpyropanHoro poMaHy G. B. AaanÍHa „Konyöen" (1827) nepnae üyniKiH, ronnyan cboio „IIoaTaBy". EaopoHmHa noeMa na MaaioG Ma3eny aK HeťaTHBHy, aae BeaHHHy noCTaTb, — 3 noraany ÖanpoHi^Hoi noeMH HeraTHBHa MopaabHa xapaKTepncTHKa híhk He 3MeHniyc bhcokoi onJHKH repoa; TeMaTHKa öopoTbön yKpa'ÍHH 3a Boaio nocTaßaeHa b noeMi BHpa3HO, xoa annie hk noömHnö mothb. y 20-x pp. no^HHacTbca i TBop*ricTb aBTopiB-poMaHTHKÍB yKpa-iHCbKoro noxo^aieHHa, inp aaa cboix npo3amHHX aöo BÍpnioBäHHX TBopiB 6epyTb yKpaiHCbKi TeMH. PÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍ yKpamcbKi TeMH b TBopax noaTaBua OpecTa Co-MOBa (neeBfl. üoptpipiö EaHCbKmi, 1793-1833). Bíh BHKopncTaB MaôíKe bcí MoacanBÍ Tnnn yKpamcbKo'i TeMaTHKH: íctophhhhh po-MaH („ran^aMaKn", BnaaHo cpparMeHTH, 1826-9), Ha Haponmix nepe-Ka3ax 36ynoBaHy tpaHTacTHTIHy HOBearo („PycaaKa", „Kaanbi" 1829, „KneBCKHe BenbMbi" 1833), noôyTOBe onoBÍaaHHa („CßaTOB-CTBo" 1831); i CTapoKHH3ÍBCbKy ap6y bíh cbíhomo 3B'a3yG 3 cyaac-HOK) yKpa'ÍHOK) („Eponaanö oroHb" 1832). H.k yKpamenb, Comob 3yMÍB nonaTH MaaiOHKH noöyTy ceaaH Ta flpiÔHHx namB, HaBecTH CHay eTHorpacpiaHHX noapoOHUb, BHKopncTaTH íctophhhí nepejca3H, 3anpoBa,a;hth 30 poeincbKoi mobh cboíx TBOpiB OKpeMÍ yKpamcbKi caoBa. MHKoaa MapKeBna (1804-1860), Moace nin, BnaHBOM PnaeeBa, no^HHae 1829 p. a,pyKyBaTH „yKpamcbKi Meaoflii" (oKpeMO 1831): 36 poMaHTHHHHx pocificbKnx óaaan. Ha yKpamcbKi TeMH icTopna-Horo Ta cpaHTacTHaHoro xapaKTepy, HaMaraioanca nonaTH y BCTyni Ta npnMÍTKax noBHy xapaKTepncTHKy yKpamcbKHX HaponHHX sipy-BaHb, HaponHoro xapaKTepy, piaHHX oßpanm, HapoHHOi' noe3ÍI — icTopHHHOi (repoi 11 aac 30 ľloayôoTKa, ľlaaia, BoHHapoBCbKoro Ta Ma3enn) Ta noßyTOBoi; HaKyn^ye cnay eraorpacpiaHoro MaTepiaay. Koan nepmi yKpamnj-poMaHTHKH b pociöcbKin „yKpaiHCbKin niKoai" He BHxonaTb no3a Meaci npopoi" arrepaTypnoí oöpiÖKH yKpa-íHCbKoro Maiepiaay, to 3'aBHineM imiioro xapaKTepy 6yB chh Ba-cnaa Foroaa, MHKoaa (1809-52), nncbMeHHHK cBÍTOBoro ManiTaôy, hkhíí no^íHHae npyKyBaTH onoBÍn,aHHa Ha yKpamcbKi TeMH 1830 p., a 1831-2 Ta 1835 pp. bh^ac Ix aac 4 tomh („Beaepa Ha xyTope 6aH3 J^HKaHbKn" Ta „MHpropon"), hkí 3poónaH enoxy b pocincbKifi aiTe-paTypi. Ule nÍ3HÍme (1840) bíh HaHOBo o6po6aioe poMaH „Tapac Byaböa" Ta npainoe Hafl Tpareflieio 3 naciB XMenbrombKoro, inp ii 389 bíh cnajiHB. I noci He 3'HCOBaHe oexaTOHHo cTaBJíeHHH Torojis no yKpaiHCBKoi Hau;ioHajiBHo"i npo6jieMH. Ta b cboix TBopax bíh Hero i He HÍKaBHTBCfi, noenHyioHH, b nyci HaHJiinuiHx poMaHTHHHHx Tpa-Ahi^íh, niKaBe onoBÍn,aHHH 3 po3B'H3aHHHM neBHHX cyTO JiřrepaTyp-HHx 3aBflaHi> Ta ineojioriaHHx npoÖJieM. He CTaBJiHHH co6i 3aß-naHHHM eTHorpacpiaHoi Ta icTopnaHoi tohhocth, ih.o fioMy ö 3a- KHflaJIH (AHflpifi CTOpOJKeHKO, KyJliui), bíh 3yMÍB BHTBOpHTH Bpa3- jihbí, njiacTHHHi, npHHanm Ta 3a 3arajiBHHM tohom Han3BH-aaHHo b i p h i MajiioHKH yKpaiHCbKOÍ npnponH, HÍHTTH Ta HapOH.-Horo xapaKTepy Ta ninmc KapTHHH yKpaiHCBKoro MHHyjioro b ,,Ta-paci Eyjiböi" po bhcokoi poMaHTHHHOi enonei, cnojiyayronH ejie-MeHTH cthjik3 HaponHHx pyM 3 ninxonpM B. CKOTTa Ta ToMepa. Pa- 30m 3 u.hm BÍH p03BHBae OCHOBHÍ flyMKH pOMaHTH^HOrO CBÍTOrJIHfly Ta HaMÍnae Bace TyT ochobhí phch BJiacHHX nyMOK, TaK m,o TBopn noro — He JiHuie rpauncH, a ťi u,íjikom eepH03HÍ bhhbh noro norjin-piB. CjioBecne bmíhhh ToroJin Han3BHaaíÍHe: pHTMÍKa öoro mobh, opHťÍHajibHÍcTb BHpa3y (tu;o noncHioeTbCH nonacTn HenpCTaTHÍM 3HaHHHM pocÍHCbKoi mobh) , bhíhtok yKpaÍHCbKoi* dppa3eojioriÍ, a 30KpeMa 3 HaponHHX niceHB, hkí bíh 3ÖHpaB, yBajKHo CTyfliroBaB Ta npo hkí HanncaB n,ÍKaBHH eTion., 3 nircaT hkhx bíh ÍHoni CKJianae n,ijii CTopÍHKH cboíx onoBinaHb, Ta cBoepiflHa nBc-MOBHÍCTb noro TBOpÍB pOÖJIflTB 3 HHX npHKpaCH CBÍTOBOI poMaHTHHHOl JIÍTepaTypH. BaraTbox yKpamniB npHBejiH TBopn Torojia 3HOBy Ha pinHHH rpyHT, i IHeBHeHKo He nypHO 3BepTacTbCH po Hboro (1844): „BejiHKHH míh flpyace!" Ta ,t6paTe!" He mo>Ke íioMy appíbhhthch ApyrnS HaHBHflaTHiuiHÖ npeflCTaB- HHK yKpaiHCBKOi HIKOJIH b pOCÍÍÍCbKÍH JIÍTepaTypi, HOro 3eMJIHK Ta HacjiinyBaa GßreH TpeÔiHKa (1812-48, npo Hboro hk yKpaiHCbKoro nncbMeHHHKa me ôype MOBa), xoh noro Tßopn 3Ao6yjiH b pocincbKiíi JIÍTepaTypi HHMajiy nonyjiapmcTb (Tpn 3ÖipHi BHAaHHH TBopiß — 1848, 1852 Ta 1901). TJ^hkí íioro Bipini CTajiH pociöcbKHMH HapOA-HHMH nicHHMH. Cthjiícthhho bíh HaejiiAye TorojiH 6e3 öoro rem-HjibHoI opHťmajibHOCTH, MafíjKe 6e3 iAeojioriaHoro 3MÍCTy Ta 3 neB-hhm ceHTHMeHTäJibHHM 3a6apBJieHHHM. Bíh nnnie Bipmi Ha yKpaiH- CbKÍ mothbh Í (paHTaCTHHHÍ OnOBÍnaHHH Í ÍCTOpHHHÍ pOMaHH (,,3o- jioTapeHKo" 1842, „HaÔKOBCbKrni" 1843) i HaBixb noeMH („BoraaH" 1843), ajie HaíicHJibHinii íioro 6e3npeTeHciOHÍ noSyTOsi HapncH 3 jkhtth ppiÔHKX yKpa'ÍHCbKHX naHlB, B OCHOBÍ HKHX JieJKaTb HapOflHÍ aHeK^oTH. Hhmh HapneaMH bíh HajiejKHTb yjKe po ocTaHHboi p;o6h po3BHTKy pociíicbKoro poMaHTH3My, t. 3B. ,,HaTypajiÍ3My" (AHB. EKCKypc V). nopya TBOpÍB uhx ÖJIHCKyaHX npeACTaBHHKÍB yKpaÍHCbKOl IHKOJIH CTOHTb aHCJieHHÍ OKpeMÍ npail,i Ha yKpalHCbKÍ TeMH 3HaHHÍ- 390 Unix pociöcbKHX nHct.MeHHHKÍB. He 6e3 jiixepaxypHoro xHCTy 3Ma-jibOBaHe yKpamcBKe MHHyjie b poMaHax . Byjirapma (1789-1859), nip fl^b nepniHH jíiTepaTypHHH MaJiiOHOK Cim b poMaHi „JIhmhtphh CaM03BaHen," (1830) Ta ysajKHo 3MajibOBaHy nocTait Ma3eira, hk yKpaÍHCBKoro MaKiHBejiJii b poMam ,,Ma3ena" (1833-4). B. JJajib (naHeiib, 1801-72) nepeKa3ye yKpa'ÍHCi>KÍ noßip'fl a6o onncye noMi-ihhh>khh noôyx („CaBejraii Tpa6" 1842). M. noronÍH (1800-75) HaBÍTb 3acBoi*B co6i octíjibkh yKpaiHCbKy MOBy, Maöyxb, 3 nonoMo-roK) MaKCHMOBH^a, rop nraoBi ocoöh b íioro onoBÍn,aHHÍ „nexpyct" (1831), jnce ciojKexoM Haranye „HaxajiKy-HojixaBKy", roBopaxb np- CHXb no6pOK> yKpaÍHCbKOK) MOBOK). HncjieHHi yKpaiHCi>KÍ poMaHXH*mi nHCbMeHHHKH xeJK 36araxHjiH yKpai'HCbKy uiKOJiy pociöcbKoi jiixepaxypn: BopoBHKOBCbKHH, Koc-xoMapoB, HyHCÖHHCbKHO, Kyjiiiii, CxopoaceHKo xa HaBÍTb i HleB-^leHKo, — pociäcbKÍ íioro noBÍCTi, CBoro naey He BHnam. Ihihí mi-cajiH jiHHie no-pociöcbKH: BHnanKOBo, hk tjio b asaHxypHOMy poMaHi ,,MoHacTbipKa" 3MajibOBye noMinmiibKHH yKpaiHCbKmi noöyx noropcjibCKHH (nepoBCbKHÍi, 1787-1836), MaficTep cpaHiacxHHHOÍ HOBejii. 3HaeM0 KijibKa aBxopiB ícxophhhhx poMaHÍB: n. TojiOTy („Ma3ena" 1832, „HajiHBafiKo" 1833, „XMejibHHimHiť' 1834, hih-poKO BJKHTO yKpaÍHCbKo'i MOBH, niceHb, noóyTOBoro MaTepinjiy), O. HypoBCbKoro (,,3anopo>KCKHe Hae3nbr" 1837), O. Ky3Mmia (,,Ka-3aKH" 1843, ,,Ha6er b CTenn" 1844, „XMejibHHHKHH" 1846 i t. 3.), B. KopeHeBCbKoro (,,reTMaH OcTpHmma" 1846). B upä Hac noHH-HaGTbCH i jíiTepaTypHa nrnjibmcTb r. ,HaHHJieBCbKoro (1829-90), HKHH y cBoix nepuiHX onoBinaHHHX Ha yKpamcbKi tcmh me HpcHTb 6jiH3bKHH poMaHTHin (Ka3KH, 1847-55), a noTÍM nepexonHTb no na-xypajiicxHHHHX Ta peajiícxHHHHx MajHOHKÍB. 5Ik aBTopiß HaTypajiic-THHHHx HapHciB 3 yKpamcbKoro jkhtth Tpe6a 3ranaTH M. KoBajieB-cbKoro (1848 Ta nÍ3HÍme), K. KoTJinpeBCbKoro (1851 Ta nÍ3HÍnie) i t. n,. B 50-x pp. BH^pyKyBaB poMaH ,,BpaTbH 6jiH3Heiibi" Ta ono-BinaHHH 3 yKpaiHCbKoro híhtth OjieKca CToponceHKO, mo He3a6a-poM nonaB HpyKyBaTH cboí TBopn yKpaÍHCbKOK) moboio (hhb. G. 6). B 50-x poKax no^HHae nHcaTH i npon,ykthbhhh, cthjiícthhho He-BHpa3HHH JJ. JI. MopnoBenb (MopnoBiieB, 1830-1905), b nepninx npaiinx HKoro Ha yKpamcbKi tcmh g BinryKH icTopmmoi poMaH-thkh, ajie hí3híhií TBopn BjKe no3a MencaMH poMaHTHKH. iHTepec yKpaÍHCbKoi hikojih pocižcbKoi jirrepaTypn njiH ícto-pii yKpaiHCbKOi KyjibTypH 6e3cyMHÍBHHH. JJJjih icTOpií ji i t e -p a t y p h bíh MeHHiHÔ. Ajie „ananTainn" ôaraTbox tbopíb Ií i Te-nep 6h Morjia 6yxH KopncHa, hk BnajiHCH, HanpHKJian,, nepeKJianH Ha yKpaÍHCbKy MOBy „BypcaKa" HapijKHoro a6o OKpeMHX XEopiE rorojiH. 391 3. YKpaiHCbKa uiKOJia b nojibCbKin JiiTepaTypi nocTajia nonacTH 3 Toro caMoro MOTHBy, iho ň b pociöcbKiö: 3 jiioöqbh poMaHTHKÍB HO eK30THKH, ajie ho Hboro npHGHHaBCH me S toh (paKT, iup 6paKye nojibCBKoi icTopHHHoí nicm: yKpamcbKa niceHHa poMaHTHKa Morjia TOMy me Jieruie CTara flJKepejiOM i rjisi nojibCBKHX TBopÍB. JJo Toro nojiBCBKa poMaHTHKa cbíhomo CTpHMHTB ho neBHoro perioHajiÍ3My. ni3HÍrue ho uhx mothbíb npHGflHajiacn i Tyra ncKoro 3 iiojibcbkhx BHrHaHHÍB 3a píhhhm KpacM: 6o oíjibuiíctb npeflCTaBHHKÍB nojibCbKOi yKpaÍHCBKoi niKOJiH noxoflHjia 3 yKpamn. b ByjKnoMy ceHci BH3HanaiOTb hk „yKpaiHCbKy inKOJiy" b nojib-cbkíh JiiTepaTypi Tptox noeTÍB poMaHTHKÍB: A. MaJibneBCbKoro (1793-1826), HKoro ghhhhh TBip — ôaiipoHmHa noeMa „Mapiíi" Ma-jiiog yKpamy jiHii,apcbKO-K03aHbKy; EorflaHa 3ajiGCbKoro (I80286), HKHH y HHCJieHHHX BÍpHiaX pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHX ťaTyHKÍB, HK OT Ha- GJiiHyBaHHH niceHb, „nyMH", BHcniByc yKpamy inHJiinHy Ta ejie-riHHy, onoBHTy cepnaHKOM Tyra aBTopa; HapeniTi C. romHHCbKoro (1801-76), hkhíí y „3aMKy KaHbOBCbKiM" (1828) Majiioe yKpamy raônaMaiiBKy b cthjií „poMaHTHKH Hcaxy". IIpeHCTaBHHKH yKpai'H-CBKoi ihkojih HHBJíHTBCH Ha MHHyjie h cynacHe 3 nojibCBKoro nor-jiHHy, ajie He Moama ne BH3HaTH, mp bohh MaiOTb iirapy npHH3HB Ho yKpaiHH Ta nip b HHX ynepuie HaMinem xapaKTepHCTHnm rjih poMaHTHKÍB ejieMeHTH yKpaiHCBKoi" TeMaTHKH (K03aK, ražnaMaKa, enÍBeB;b-Ko63ap i t. h-)- 3oKpeMa Hoope bjkhto yKpamcbKoro neö- 3aHCy ßJIH pOMaHTHHHOl CHMBOJIÍKH (Hin, CTen, BÍTep, CaMÍTHHH KÍH- HOTHHK y deny, MornjiH i t. h-). HepiflKÍ h mobhí yKpaÍHCBKi ejieMeHTH. nopyn yKpamcbKoi ihkojih b TicHOMy cenci CTOHTb nncjieHHi nncbMeHHHKH, hkí a6o nnmyTb oKpeMi TBopn Ha yKpamcbKi xe-MH, a6o BJKHBaiOTB fleHKHx yKpaiHCBKHx ejieMeHTÍB y CB01H TBOp-nocTi. B TBopax CjiOBaHbKoro (1809-49) e HHCJieHHÍ yKpamcbKi mo- THBH. G H OKpeMÍ TBOpH Ha yKpaiHCbKÍ TeMH („ZtyMa yKpaiHCBKa", „Zmija"), 3ycTpmaiOTbCH ň mobhí yKpamcbKi ejieMeHTH. Hannony-jinpHÍmHM nncbMeHHHKOM, mp nopymHB yKpamcbKi tcmh, 6yB M. HaOKOBCbKHH (1808-86), HKoro „Ko3an,bKÍ noBÍCTÍ" (1837), poMaH-thhho 3a6apBjieHÍ aßaHTypHi poMaHH hcbhcokoi hkocth, MajiH Han-3BHHaíiHHH ycnix Ta BnjiHBajiH HaBiTb i na yKpamcbKHX KHTanÍB. MaTepiflJi yKpamcbKHX TeM y nojibCBKÍň JiiTepaTypi mp He o6-poôJieHo HOCTaTHbo. 3ranaTH Moama T. A. OjiÍ3apoBCbKoro (1811-71), 6paTÍB C. Tposy (1793-1849) Ta A. rposy (1807-75), M. To-cjiaBCBKoro (1805-1834), a nepenyciM npHHTeJiH B. 3ajiecbKoro Ta Kyjiinia, Max. ľpaooBCBKoro (1807-63), nncbMeHHHKa, KpHTHKa Ta BneHOrO, HKHH HHMajIO CnpHHHHHBCH HO HyXOBHOrO p03BHTKy Ky~ jiima (neraTHBHi norjiHHH Ha K03airrBo). 392 ^exTO 3 npencTaBHHKiB nojibCbKoi yKpamcbKoi ihkojth HaßiTb nonaB yjKHBaTH yKpamcbKoi mobh b cbo'íx TBopax, hk T. Ilanypa, C. OcTameBCbKHH, A. UlaniKeBira, K. HGHťJieBHH: (n,HB. VII. E. 2). 4. B n.ÍJioMy, 3 yKpamcbKoro norjinny, iiiKaBiuia yKpamcbKa uiKOJia b pociScbKiň jiÍTepaTypi. B mň 3HamnjiH bhxíjj; i jiiTepa-TypHi ycTpeMJiiHHH HHCJieHHHx yKpaiHDjiB, ÖaraTO TBopiß ii HHTa-K)TbCH hk nepeKJianH 3 yKpamcbKoro, He pinKÍ b híh i ejieMeHTH Han;ioHaJibHoi cbíhomocth aBTopiß, KopncTaHHH nyjKoio mobobd, to- p,í BHpo6jieHÍHIOK), nOnaCTH 303B0JIHG BJKHBaTH panHKajibHiinoi Ta „MonepHiuioi" jiiTepaTypHo'i (p°Pmh (30KpeMa Torojib Ta Tpe6ÍHKa). mOJKflO nOJIHKÍB, to ix TBOpniCTb 3aBJKnH 3aJIHHiaGTbCH b Me>Kax nojibCbKoro norjiHn.y. Mobho Ta cthjiícthm;ho bohh Majio 3ß'H3aHi 3 yKpaiHCBKOK) HapOHHOK) noe3ÍGK), HKa MOrJia 3anJlÍnHHTH TBOp- nicTb yKpaiHCBKHX poMaHTHKÍB. OTHíe, 3 Ix nHcaHb yKpa'ÍHCbKi nncb- MeHHHKH MOrJIH JIHHie HaB^hthch BJKHBaTH yKpalHCbKOl TeMaTHKH Ta nepeíÍHHTH oKpeMi cthjiícthhhí ejieMeHTH. JJpmp 3 TBopiß npencTaBHHKiB yKpa'ÍHCbKHX uikíji yjKe nyjKe CKopo npHHiHJio Ha 3axin., — nepeKJian,H TBopiß nyniKma, TorojiH, pHjiGGBa, M. HaHKOBCbKoro 3HaöoMHJiH 3axiflHboro HHTana 3 Yk-paÍHOK) Ta HaBÍTb BHKJíHKajiH HacjiinyBaHHH nyjKHx aBTopiß. By-jio 6 saHanTo cmíjihbo roßopHTH, HanpHKJian,, npo „yKpamcbKy uiKOjiy" b HÍMeu;bKÍH jiiTepaTypi, ajie KijibKÍCTb TBopiß 3 yKpaÍH-cbKOK) TeiaaTHKOK), mo npHŮHijiH no HiMeiibKHX aBTopiß Hepe3 ,,yK-paiHCbKi hikojih" pociíicbKoi Ta nojibCbKoi JíiTepaTyp, npcnraG KÍJib-Kox necHTKÍB (nHB. najii VII, 3, 4). r. XapKÍBCbKa poMaHTHKa 1. Ocepe^kom nepHioí pOMaHTHHHoí rpynn na YKpami cTaß xap-kíbcbkhh yHÍBepcHTeT, mp ßiflirpaß yace h no Toro nacy neßHy po-jiio b po3BHTKy nyxoßoro jkhtth YKpaiHH, ynepme 3aHÍcuiH cwnH me Ha nonaTKy BÍKy njújmy jj;jih Hau,ioHajibHoro po3BHTKy hí-MeiibKy „i^eaJiicTHHHy" (pijiocotpiK), míjk íhihhm i poMaHTipmy (IIIejIJliHf). Ajie P03BHTOK yKpaÍHCBKOl JliTepaTypHOÍ pOMaHTHKH He 3ß'H3äHHH 6e3nocepen.Hbo 3 hhmh nonaTKaMH cpiJioco(pyBaHHH. B kíhiij 20-x pokíb Kojio MOJionpro pociHHHHa l3Mai'jia Cpe3Heß-cbKoro (1812-80), CTyneHTa i nÍ3HÍnie TajiaHoBHToro npotpecopa, 3ÓHpaGTbCH HeBejiHKHH rypTOK cxymeHTÍB. MonppHa jíiTepaTypa, nepeßa>KHO pociácbKa Ta nojibCbKa, pejiiriôm npoôneMH Ta HÍMeiibKa cpijioco. YKpaiHCbKHH MaTepiaji, 3i6paHHÖ Cpe3-hcbcijKhm caMHM Ta íhhihmh HJieHaMH rypTKa, nepini flpyKOßam 3öipKH (ahb. VII, B, 5) Ta 3HaiioMCTBo 3 CTaBJieHHjiM 3axiflHix po- MaHTHKÍB flO HapOAHOl noe3ÍÍ, npHBOnHTb XapKÍB'flH flO 3p03yMÍHHJI CBOGpiflHOCTH yKpaiHCbKoro Hapofly. Cpe3HeBCbKHÖ npHÖMae Ha-poflHy noe3iio, hk cyTO poMaHTHHHy — b híh „ßce flHKe, hk fliôpoBH Ta CTenn", „Bce nopHB^acTe, hk jiít CTenHoro BHxopa", b híh Heinae „nonopHoro caaflKoraacia" kjihch^ihoí noe3Íi*. YKpamcbKHH ôaHfly-pncTa Haranye öoMy 3HanoMy 3 poMaHTHHHoí ařrepaTypn Ta eTHo-rpaípii noCTaTb cnÍBUm CKaHflmaßii. Ilopyn 3 Cpe3HeBCbKHM cTa- K)Tb TpOXH nÍ3HÍlUÍ AMBpOClH MeTJIHHCbKHH (1814-70) Ta MHKOJia KocTOMapoB (1817-85), oßunBa nÍ3HÍuie Teac npocpecopn. íx cpijio-co(pÍHHÍ nyMKH caraioTb rjiHÔnie — flaa MeTJiHHCbKoro, hkhh cno-jiynae ifleí Tep^epa, poMaHTHKH Ta rereaa, HapoflHa noe3Ía — „BHJIB BÍHHHX flyMOK aiOflCbKOÍ flyHli", BOHa mÍJIbHO 3b'a3aHa 3 yciM híhtthm Ta 3BHaaflMH i noôyTOM Hapony, a MOBa — oflHa 3 Haö-BaacaHBiniHx chji po3BHTKy Hapofly, ocHoBa i „caMoôyTHOCTH" h Ha- BÍTb ÖyTTfl HapOfly. KoCTOMapOB, TOfli pOMaHTHHHHH MpiÖHHK, H6- pe3 noesiio HapoflHy xoae bbíhth flo caMoi tjihôhhh HapoflHoro ayxy, HapoflHoro xapaKTepy, 60 Hapofl pa Hboro — ak i oKpeMa aiOflHHa — ocoôhctíctb, Hapofl Mae cbíh neBHHÍí ifleaa, cbíh xapaK-Tep, cbog nymeBHe jkhttíi, hkí HaHnpaBflHBÍme BHirajijuoTbCii caMe b noe3Íi. „TaGMHe oko" jhoahhh flae in nÍ3HaTH nyxoBe gctbo Hapofly, „TaGMHHň rojioc" roBopHTb iä, y HOMy nojinrae 3b'h3ok Ha-poflHoro flyxa 3 ííoro MaxepiaabHHM öyTTHM (noÔyTOM). Bifl cy-nacHocTH Hapofly 6yß npHpoaHHH nepexifl flo MHHyaoro. 3axon-jieHHH „IcTopiGio Pyciß" Ta ,,flyMaMH" CTBepflacyc xapKÍB'aHaM po-MaHTHHHy Te3y, mp HapoflHa noe3ia aKHanraHÖrne BÍflÔHBac Bce MHHyae napofly, 60 b flyMax bohh 3HaxoflaTb, hk Im 3flaeTbca, Ty caMy KapTHHy MHHyaoro, mp ň b „IcTopií Pyciß", aKy bohh BBa-acaiOTb 3a BaacaHBe icTopHHHe flacepeao. KocTOMapoB BHflae flHcep-Taniio npo „IcTopHHHe 3HaHeHHH HapoflHbol noe3i*i", niflKpecaioiOHH, iup cepH03HHH iHTepec flo HaponHoí noe3ÍI 3B'a3aHHH 3 niflynanoM KaacHHH3My. He ahbho, mp npoTH fioro nHcepTann 6yan npeacTaB-HHKH CTapoi npocpeeypH, KaacHKH, m. íh. TyaaK-ApTeMOBCbKHH. HapoflHa noe3ia naa KocTOMapoBa — HacKpi3b cHMBoaÍHHa. nopyn 3 CHMBoaÍKOK> caoB'aHCbKol noe3ÍI bíh 3anMaeTbca MÍToaoriGio cao-b'hh, CHMBoaiKa Ta MÍToaoria naaeacaTb flo roaoBHHx iHTepeciß nÍ3Hboi* poMaHTHKH Ha 3axofli (KpoHi^ep, Hleaamr). XapKiß'HHH noHHHaiOTb i aiTepaTypHy fliaabHicTb HapoflHoio MOBOK), — D;e cnpoöa caMHM CTaTH HapoflHHMH cniBriaMH, B3aTH yqacTb y BHTBopeHHi Toro HaÖBHmoro CKapôy HapoflHoro, hkhm, Ha ix flyMKy, g noe3Ía. Aae bohh He niman niaaxoM npocToro Hacai- 3H nyBaHHH HaponHoi noe3ÍI. 3pa3KH poMaHTiwHoI noe3ii íhhihx, nepen.-yciM cjioB'íiHCbKKX, Hapon.iB irpHBonaTb ix no TBopnocTH b fl y c i HapopoMy, ajie rjih ocBineHoro cycni jitcTBa. Bo-HH oönpaioTB iujiax He Ha3an, a Bnepen.. JliTepaTypHa npon,yKH,ÍH xapKÍB'aH 3HaxonHTb bhhb b OKpeMHX nyojiÍKairiflx y pociScbKHx naconncax, b OKpeMHX 3ÖipKax TBopiß (MeTJiHHCbKoro 1839, KocTOMapoBa 1839-40) Ta b jiiTepaTypHHx 3ÖipHHKaX, IHO BHXOnHJIH b XapicoBÍ Ta iHfle („yKpaiHCbKHH Ajlb- MaHax" 1831, , ,y TpeHHHH 3Be3na" 1833-4, „yicpaHHCKim CöopHHK" 1838 Ta 1841, „Chhi" 1841, „Mojiohhk" 4 tomh 1843-4, „JlacTÍBKa" b neTep6yp3Í 1841, „KneBJiJiHHH", mo BHnaBaB M. MaKCHMOBira b 1840-1 pp.). B U.HX 36ipHHKax, nopyn TBopiß poMaHTHKÍB, npyKo- BaHO i TBOpH CTapUIOrO nOKOJliHHfl - KJIHCHH,HCTÍB. 2. rioHHHae xapKÍBctKy poMaHTHKy JleB Bopobhkobcbkhh (1806-89), mp npoHinoB nepe3 xapKÍBCbKHH y h i Bep CHTeT me nepen. ÔyíÍHHM P03KBÍT0M pOMaHTHKH B CTyneHCbKHX KOJiaX. B paHUHÍ poKH jkhtth, BHHTeaioiOHH Ha npoBÍHHÍI, m. íh. y riojrraBi, bíh npo-TíiroM poKiB HanncaB HHMajio (75) BÍpmÍB pociöcbKHx Ta HHCJieHHÍ, 3a BaacHHM CBinpiriBOM 600, „öaöoK i ripnöaiOTOK1'. BnnpyKyBaB bíh caM jiHiue Kijibtca BÍpmÍB, Ta nÍ3HÍnie 1852 MeTjiHHCbKHH kojio 180 öoro 6aöoK. BopOBHKOBCbKHH 3B'Ä3aHHH 3 TpaAHHÍGK) KJI.HCHHH3My He jiHHie TOMy, IHO BÍH Ha HIKÍJIbHÍH JiaBÍ ROÔpe n03HaH0MHBCH 3 aHTHHHOK) jiiTepaTypoK) Ta MyeiB CTynjiOBaTH KJiírcHHHCXHHHy Teopiio noe3ÍI i He jiHine TOMy, mo 3 noró 180 öaöoK, 3naGTbCJi, aac 42 Hacjiin,yiOTb kjihchhhcthhhí nojibCbKi OaíhcH KpaciubKoro xa pocincbKi Kpn-jroBa. HoMy He ayacm* y ÔaŽKax me xpaBectíhhhh toh („HaöJiyHna nTHHH — KOBÖaca"); ajie b uijioMy Horo toh 3obcím cepfio3HHH, bíh y3HB co6i 3a 3pa30K CTHab KpaciubKoro: kopotkhh, cthcjihh, rocTpo-npTenHHH. Bce jk, 3na6TbCH, i TyT MaeMo neBHe poMaHTHHHe HapoflHe 3a6apBaeHHH nijioro cthjiio: BHXOHaeHHH cthjib noTen-Horo npocBÍneHqa KpacmbKoro oÖepTaeTbCH y BopoBHKOBCbKoro b me cthcjiíhihh HapopHií CTHjib npHKa30K Ta npHcaÍB'ÍB, TeKCT KpaciubKoro nacTo me CKoponeHo. Ocb TaKa nepepiÔKa: CKynHH ne cnaB — poÔHB, CKynnä He íb — KonHB, a Bin. Toro ... „uje 6ijibin po36araTÍB?" Hi, okojiíb. aôo opnriHaabHa ôaŽKa: Pa3 KpHJia b BÍTpaKa rynijra h repťoTajiH, mo Bce cejio bohh HacyuiHHM roflyBaan; a KaMÍHb, n'aTepHa i KOJieco ... MOBHajiH. S95 npHKa3yK)TB, mo XTO MOBHHTb, toh flBOX HaBHHTb, „HapoflHicTb" Ty*t He jiHine ByjibfapHa („okojiíb"), ajie i cthjiíc-thhho BJiyHHa („HacyniHim" — xaiß, yacHTOK eniTeTy 6e3 iivreH-HHKa, akhh 3ycTpinaGMO HacTO me b Kyjiiina). TaTynoK 6aHKH b BopoBHKOBCbKoro 3JiHBaGTbCH 3 íhuihmh, Hanpnicaafl 3 enirpaMoio: ,HpyKapK), He npiMaii, fle Tpe6a — TOHKy CTaB, IH06 MOKpHM HaC pHflHOM 3JIHÔ KpHTHK He nanaB; 60 g h TaKi: He Hanne TOJiKy — 6yfle thxo; He Hafine at tohkh — jihxo ... Ajie HK CyTHH pOMaHTHK 3'HBJIHGTBCa nepefl HäMH BopOBHKOBCLKHH b íhhihx Bipniax. Bace noro nepeicaaflH aôo nepecniBH BÍflpÍ3HH-lOTbCH B-iaKOM Bifl TpaBecTiS TyaaKa-ApTeMOBCtKoro, mo 3'aBHanca Maíiace oflHoaacHo (1838) 3 hhmh. Bíh nepexaaflac thx caMHx aB-TopiB (MiijKeBHH, IlyiHKiH, JKyKOBCbKHH), mo fi ryaaic, MaöyTb, mo6 niflKpecaHTH ycio bíamíhhícti> CBoro poMaHTHHHoro po3yMÍHHa noe3Íi Bifl TpaBecTÍHHoi KaacHKH. Ilepeicaafl ropau,ia 3 aernoio yKpaiHÍ3aiíÍGio onncyG ciabcbice acHTTa „Ha xyTopi" — ... hk ÖaiflHyio noKaace ocíhb TBap, i cniaa OBom noacoBTic, bíh TpycHTb aöayica i cyniHTb Ha y3Bap Ta Ha 3HMy o3HMe cíg; a6o po3airniHCb cnHTb nifl flyßoM Ha TpaBi, nifl 60KOM pi^eHbKa aene^e, b aeBafli niceHboic cnißaiOTb Kocapi i coaoBee^iKo mečené. IlepeKaaflH 3 2KyKOBCbKoro Ta MimteBH^a — poMaHTHHHi 6aaaflH. 3 2KyKOBCbKoro — „CBGTaaHa", n,a nepepißna SaaaflH Biopťepa „JleHopa", u,e „Mapyca" BopoBHKOBCbKoro, mo Tpoxn yKpai'HÍ3yG eTHorpacpi^Hi pněn ôaaaflH. PoMaHTHHHa TyT TeMaTHKa —- mraa BTena 3 MepTBHM Hape^ieHHM, pOMaHTHHHHH KpaGBHfl, po MaHTHaHÍ KapTHHH: CiaH b cäHKH: kohí m^aTb, aac icKpHTb HoraMH, noaosoHKH aac myMaaTb, CHir aeTHTb KaonicaMH; 33afly TaK, ak ahm KypHTb, CTen KpyroM chhíg, míchub Í3-3a xMap oanmHTb, TiabKH-TiabKH Mpie ... 396 Híhhhh KpaeBHn, i b ,,3nM0B0My Benopi" (3 nyniKma) i b opurí-HaJitHOMy Bipnii „Híí". TnnoBo poMaHTiram o6pa3H b öaaaaj pne" (3 MiuKeBiraa), — ruaaeHHÖ jiít apaôa Ha kohí no nycTejii: Mhh, jiÍTaB^ie 6ÍJioHorHH, CKajiH i rpaKH — 3 apporn! . . ÍIk HOBeH BecejiHH, BinMajiHBiuH b Mope nO CHHÍM KpHCTaJli 3a BÍTpOM JieTHTb, i BecJiaMH Bony i niHHTB i ope. . . Yßara no p htm iaH oro Ta My3HHHoro 6oKy BipniiB — THnoBa aaa nepeKJianiB EopoBHKOBCBKoro. Ajie He ripmi i noro opHrmaaBHi Bipnii, rojioBHe oajiann Ta ,,nyMH". TeMH Saaan, — nponaac aynii ^opTOBÍ, böhbctbo, OTpycHHS. OôpoôaeHHH — noaacTH b TicHOMy 3B'a3Ky 3 Hapohhhmh híchamh, 3 HKHX BopoBHKOBCbKHH íhohí npocTo CKaan,ae cbíh BÍpni: Ha 3axon,i paHHe He6o mob KpOB'lO 3aaHTO, npnninaH bíctí no mhjioí, ILJO MHaorO BÔHTO. He Ha bíhhí noro bôhto, 3aTarHeH0 b acHTo: ^epBOHOK) KHTaÔKOK) py^eHbKH npHKpHTO . . . „JXyuTi" — pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍ icTopHHHÍ, 3ne6iabiua 6aa:anirHHÍ TBopa; Tyr 3yCTpÍBaGMo ,,K03aKa", naaia, raHnaMaKÍB. I TyT — 3HOBy hím: Cannaoca comie 3a chhím J-Jhíitoom, 3a coHeaKOM Bemp cnycKaBca; 3a BenopoM — híhto), hk chhím cyKHOM, i noae, i aic yKpnBaBca. Miaí XMapaMH MÍCHITB THXeHBKO kothbcb, i Ha He6i 3BÍ3aH 3aHMaancB, a niHHBi XBHai nHÍnpoBÍ ayancb i 6eper bhcokhh aH3aan... i 3ranKH npo HaponHy noe3Íio, i noxMypi caMorai poMaHrarai nocTaTi: HecH MeHe, kohk>, 3arpan nia, cinaoM, 3a MHOK) híxto He Hiaaie, híxto ne 3anaane, híxto 3 K03aKOM Tyra no CTeny He po3cie. Hyaena MeHÍ Kpaö cbíh, MyacHÔ Mem cbít, 397 3a MHOK) CiM'H He 3aHHG, - xiöa tijiijKh nec Mio, ocTaBHiHCt. b BOpiT, rOJIOflHHH, HK piflHHH, 3aBHG. (ocTaHHi paflKH — HacjilflyBaHHH BafipoHa!). Ocb oöpa3 raHnaMaubKoro oTaiwaHa: noHypHH OTaMaH nin, nyßoM chhhtb i ycH Ha najieiib MOTae; He xone Bin pann Hi 3 khm po3n,ijiHTb, HiXTO HOrO flyMKH He 3Hac ... a6o ReMOHinHoro üajiiH: J\e 6yB 3aMOK — nonejiHine, ne 6yB ropoa. — TaM KJian,6Hme, Bpaace nojie kpob'k) mohhtb i OÖ KaMiHb HiaÖJIIO TOHHTb XTO B TpaBl - BpiBHi 3 TpaBOK) ? XTO B BC-ni - BpiBHi 3 BOflOIO ? XTO y Jlici - BpiBHi 3 JlicOM? Hinnio ■— nepeBepTHeM-6icoM ? najiifi! (ocTaHHi pa^KH — BapiHHT MOTHBy 3 „Cnoßa o nojiKy Iropeßi"). CtHJIB BipUliB BopOBHKOBCBKOro hijucom pOMaHTHHHHH'. IIOBaJK- Ha MOBa, HaßiTb y ryMopncTHHHHX Miciiax, HaxHJi 30 BjKHTKy Ha-ponHoi' nicHi, noMipKOBaHHH yacHTOK 3n,pi6mjrax cjiiß, ajie jiniue BJiaCTHBHX HapOflHiä MOBi (MaTyCH, TOIHO), yJKHBaHHH THnOBHX HJIH HapoflHoi* noe3ii eniTeTiB (hchhh coKiji, cipii' rycn, öijii jieöefli, hih-poKi nojia, HopHan XMapa, repen kojiiohhh, BHCOKa Mornjia), ni-ceHHHH napajiejii3M hbox o6pa3iB: IIoHan. raGM, noHan. nojieM TyMaH Hajisrac; b ormiM niaTpi HHraHOHKa oroHb po3KJian,aG .. . MOHCe HaßiTb i BJKHTOK iHOfli „HenOBHHX" pHM, XapaKTepHCTHHHHX fljiH yKpamcbKoi HapoflHoi nicni (ropn: :rojii, pana: :cecTpa, CTen:: cepn, TyiwaH: :niflHHBCb), Ta iHon,i npocTo BJKHBaHHH HHTaT 3 niceHb ■— ue Bce, nopyn TeM, o6pa3iß («hb. HaBenem HHTaTH) — xapaK-TepH3ye EopoßHKOBCbKoro hk poMaHTH^Horo noeTa. J\o pnc fioro BJiacHoi" Bflani (aßo BnjiHß Eorn.aHa 3ajiGCbKoro?) HaJiencHTb, 3naGTbCH, TaKHH xapaKTepHCTHHHHH i fljiH iioro ÖaHOK HaXHJI HO KopoTKoro, acpopHCTHHHoro BHpa3y (flHB. BHme i^HTaTy 3 „üa-nia"); 398 ne BpHTOBye Soro Bipnii bía 3aHBOi 6anaKaHHHH Ta HaÖJiHHcyc OKpeMi i'x paflKH inofli AO npHCJiiB'iB: Be3 xjiiôa — cht, 6e3 xara — naH, rycTHH TyMaH — ôoro acynaH (,,Bojiox", nepecniB 3 riyuiKma). IIpaBAa, SyBaioTb y Hboro i 3anjiyTaHÍ, CKjiaAHi penemiH. He AypHo bíh yBancHo 36npaB HapoAHi nicHi, nonacTH nepeAaHi b 36ipKy MeTjiHHCbKoro, Ta npHKa3KH ö npHCJiiß'H („Öijibine 1000"), y HKHx bíh 6aHHB ,,6araTHH cnapS öajiHß, JieťeHfl, flyM" — ue cnpaBJKHG A^Kepe^o poMaHTHHHoi noe3ii. Aemo 3 3Í6paH0'í HHM CKapOHHUJ EopOBHKOBCbKHH yHCHB RJIH. CBOIX pociÖCbKHX TBOpiß. 3. 3HaHHO öijibLue BHApyKyßaB AMBpociň MeTJiHHCbKHÖ (nceBfl. MorHJia, 1814-70), npocp. jiiTepaTypo3HaBCTBa b XapKOßi Ta Khgbí, 3a MOJioAHX pokíb (ao 1850 p.) noeT, aßTop npaub 3 dpijiocodpil Kyjib-Typn Ta jiiTepaTypn, b hkhx bíh cnojiynye cpijiococpiio Tete jih 3 po-MaHTHHHHMH MOTHBaMH'. 3aBAaHHH MHCTeirrBa — BHTBopeHHH ÍAeajiy KpacH 3 oKpeMHX pne, po3KHAaHHx y cbítí; jiioAHHa cToiTb Ha Mend „MaTepiHJibHoro Ta AyxoBoro cbítíb", cjiobo g cnojiyneHHH o6ox cbítíb (MaTepiHJibHoro — 3Byny Ta flyxoßoro — AyMKH), TOMy bo ho BnjiHBac na oôhabí CTopoHH JiiOACbKoí npnpoflH; 3axonjiioiOHH Ta- KHM nHHOM GCTBO JIIOAHHH b h,ÍjIOMy, noe31H CnpaBJIHG TaiCe CHJIbHe BpajKeHHH Ha jiiOAHHy Ta jhoactbo. HaAaionn TaKoro BejíHKoro 3HaneHHH cjiOBecmií TBopnocTi, MeTJiHHCbKHH, npnpoAHo, He CTa- BHTbCH AO CBOG1 noeTH^HOl TBOpHOCTH HK AO 3a6aBKH, a BHCJIOBJHOG b híh cbo'i HaorjiHOHii AyMKH, öaacaHHH hh noôoiOBaHHH. . . J-Jjih noe3ÍI MeTjiHHCbKoro xapaKTepHCTHHHHH noxMypnn cyM- HHH KOJIbOpHT. HorO yjIIOÖJieHHH KpaCBHA - HÍH, HK í B BopOBH- KOBCbKoro, — ajie híh 3 öypeio, rpoMOM, ÔJiHCKaBKOK), noJKenceio: Hk to b ßypio Ha HeÖoßi rajiac noBCTaHe, b HopHHx xMapax TaK rpHKHe, mp CTpax, i 3a xBHJieio BHHHpHe xbhjih, Ta h rpHHe, h o30BeTbCH b jiicax, Ha ropax... B TyMaH 3ÍpOHbKH nOXOBaJIHCb, i MÍCHHb y xMapH 3anjiHB; pÍHKH AOBUjOBÍ CHyBajIHCH, CTapHÖ Jlmnp niyMÍB, tomohíb ... a6o: Bypa BHG, 3aBHBaG, i cocHOBHH 6op TpiiHHTB, 399 B XMapax ÖJiHCKaBKa najiac, rpiM 3a rpoMOM rpioKOTHTb; to, sk yrojib, HÍH 3HOpHÍG, TO, HK KpOB, 3aHepB0HÍG. .ZjHinp KJieKone, CTorHe, njiane, rpHBy CHByio Tpace; bíh pese h Ha KaMiHb cKa^ie KaMÍHb pBe, rpH3e, Hece . . . TpiM mp rpHMHe, b öeper rpjrae — 3 nyini nojiyM'a nporjiHHe. Sanajiajio i CTeMHijio, 3acTorHajio b Heöecax; npm, jiHHyB . . . 3aroMOHijio Ha ropax, nojiax, b Jiicax. I 3 npiiiaMH Ta 3 rpoMaMH Ztmnp peße míjk öeperaMH — aöo: B HopHHX XMapax, b hophhx XMapax 3 HeÖOM MÍCHHB Í 3ÍpKH, ^epBOHÍK>TB> b HopHHx XMapax, rpaHDTb, rpaiOTt) ÖJiHCKaBKH. FpHK, i najieKO 3arypKOTiJio! BiTep cxBaTHBCH, i 3aryjio! B Jiy3i, b niopoßi 3aroMOHÍJio; Mope noBCTaJio i 3apeBJio! TpicKOTHfl b 6opax, 6o cochh bítp i rpiM cTpijiae; Tajiac! TpiM i BÍTep 3eMJiio ň Mope 6'e, Kapac... Ilopyn ntoro KpaGBHHy g h íhhihh: CTen 3 MorajiaMn: „Ha rpoôo-BHiiry b nm rjiyny". H,i MornjiH, noBHi TpynoM, g n. jih MeTjiHHCbKoro Hie CBlDKaMH TÍGÍ MHHyBHIHHH, IHO HÍ6h MyCHTb 3aCHyTH HaBÍKH: rerbMan BHxoflHTb 13 MornJin, npHCJiyxaGTbca: Ha CTopoHíi MOG yxo, a Bee THXO, a Bce rjiyxo. .. Hh K03aK i KÍHb yMep? Hh opeji 6es Kpnji, 6e3 nep? A60 3aOHTÍ KOsaKH po3MOBJiaK>Tb y MorHjiax, ajie h ix 6yn,e 3a6yTo: £{e HenaBHo K03aK tomohíb ... TaM no CTeny thxo 400 TyMaH po3.JTHraeTi.cii, a MiCHHb 3-3a XMapn norjiHHe ö xoBaeTbCH . .. Hyení, hk i ßiiep 3aCBHCTaB, 3arOMOHÍB . .. Iljiane, onjiaKye K03aKÍB, cBoľx 6paTÍB: rio CTenax, no ôafipaKax, y nicKax kíctkh noxoBae; memo noMHHajibHyio, nicnio flOBryío cnÍBae . . . HÍ6n ejTHHe, m,o in,e Ha yKpami HíHBe, e 3JIH MeTJiHHCbKoro cjiobo, noe3Ín: TOMy flajitninn öoro yjiioöJieHHH o6pa3 — o6pa3 Öanny-Phcth; ajie — me bíh — „OcTaHHÍn 6aHflypHCTa" Jiňme BncjiOBJíioe Haano, in,o noe3ÍH He BMpe 3 hhm: MoMCe i niCHH 3 BÍTpOM XOHHTHMe, flinte 30 cepnn, cepne najiaTHMe; MOHce h ÖaHflypy me xto ynye, n cepn,e 3aHne i 3aTocKye .. . I ôaHnypy i MeHe K03aneHbK0 cnoM'HHe. .. MeTJiHHCbKHH 3BepTaeTbCH — caM HH nepe3 CBoix repoiB — 3 3a-KjíHKaMH HaflSBHHaÖHo naTeTHMHHMH 30 HHTana, 30 npnpoflH, flO Bora. Bo bíh hí6h He Mae neBHOCTH, inp noro XTOCb ine nonye: Xaň JKe rpÍM Hac nonye, inp b XMapax KOHae. .. Xaö Ham rojioc najieKO no BÍTpy Hece. . . Xaíi ^[Hinp CTapoflaBHÍn 'a nac nicmo noaye, noKH bíh Hac b Mope He BHece, He bkhhc, noKH MOBa h rojioc b Hac 30 TJia hc 3rnHe ... CaM MeTJiHHCbKHH ce6e 3a ocTaHHboro 6aH3ypncTy a6o ocTaHHboro K03aKa (,,Ko3aK Ta ôypa"), inp Ix rojiocn BocTaHHG po3-jinraiOTbCH no yKpami, hk ocTaHHÍH bhhb jkhtth Hapo3Horo. Ajie rjiHÖmHH Ta CHJibHiniHn 3a n,en rojioc e ,,KpnK cepiin": Hi! KpnK — to m,e He KpnK, hkhh ynye yxo i 30 HKOrO MHp npHBHK. Otto cTpamHimnfi KpnK, hk thxo, rjiyxo, 3aMOBK H3HK, ôo b Cepn,Í KpHK! 4OI Bpa3JiHBÍ Biprni MeTjiHHCtKoro g neö caMira „KpHK cepua", TOMy Bonn yci onHaKOBo 6e3HaflÍHHÍ, noxMypi. Bíh moHanoijibnie me ÖaJKaB 6h: TpÍM HanycTH Ha Hac, Eoace, cnajiH nac b noacapi, 60 i b MeHe i b oaH^ypI Bace rjiac 3aMnpaG. Bace He rpHMÍTHMe, Bace He ropiTHMe, hk b xMapi nicHH b Hapofli, 60 BHce Hania nicna KOHaG. .. riocTaTb MeTaHHCBKoro hk noexa 3aBacn,h jiHHíHTbca b cbítjií Hboro 6e3Han,ÍHHoro HacTpoio onnaio, 6e3 npocBÍTy. B TOMy caMOMy tohí BHTpHMaHo i KiatKa BipniiB, mp, 3flaGTbca, He MaiOTb CHMBoai^Horo 3HaneHHH, a npocTO naiOTb noxMypi, cyMHi o6pa3KH. I aKoiocb no-cainpBHicTio myMKH, 3po3yMÍaoio, 60 He Moace aionHHa hchth h tbo-pHTH cnpaBni 6e3 ycaKo'i Hanu, e KiabKa BipniiB MeTaHHCbKoro, ne mh 6aHHMo noro, hk yKpamcbKôro Ta pocificbKoro naTpioTa (xaKe cnoayneHHa Toni He 6yao pinice) Ta caoB'aHocpiaa. Po3yMÍGTbca, Hanp., Bipuii npo piflHy MOBy a6o pinm 3BHHai iriaKOM npHponm B 3B'a3Ky 3 ÍCTOpHHHO-(pÍaOCO(pÍHHHM CBÍTOraaflOM MeTaHHCbKOrO. IIoe3Ía MeTaHHCbKoro -— HacKpÍ3b (piaocoTb paHHHy neBHifi poMaHTHHHiS TeMaraui. Hapenrri, nnuie KocTOMapoB jiioôobhí Bipnii b HapoRHOMy tohí (napajiejiÍ3M míjk nepejKHBaHHaMH jhorhhh Ta 3'aBHmaMH npHponn) Ta poÔHTb nepe-KJiaflH (EaüpoH, MiujKeBHH, KpajienBopcbKHä pyKonne). MoBa KocTOMapoBa Haranyc cboí'm xapaKTepoM MOBy MeTJiHH-CbKoro: ne TaK caMo cnpoßa bhtbophth MOBy ocBineHoro TOBapnc-TBa. Bin 3ycTpinaGTbca 3 thmh caMHMH TpynHomaMH, mo íí MeT- JIHHCbKHH. Ajie KoCTOMapOB HIHpHie BHKOpHCTOByG CJIOBHHK Ta (ppa3eojioriio HaponHoí nicHi. Bíh nepecniBye HapoRHy Ka3Ky, Ha-CJiinye MOBy niceHb y jiioôobhhx Bipniax. Ilopyn nboro syoTpinaeMo nepecniBH ujíjihx niceHb, b hhx Majio „nnraT", ajie g HacjiiflyBaHHH „nyxy" niceHb. Ocb, HanpHKJiap;, 3 HHTOBaHo'i Sajiann „JlacTÍBKa": Cifljia KOHa, Men 3HÍMac, in.e 3a nojiKaMH. CTapa MaTH 3 acajiio mjiíg, k 3eMjii npmianae, cbog RHTa HenoKipHe cnepniy npoKJinHac, a HanoTÍM noacajiijia, Ta Ř MOJíHTbca Bory, m,o6 naß rocnonb MOJion.oMy macjiHBy nppory... ±05 OflMOBJIHG KHH3b CTapiniHH - „HecHaa BnoBHue! OjKeHHBCJI chh tbíh MHJIHH '. B3HB C06Í fliBHqiO, HapflflHyio h öaraTyio, 3 MHOrHMH cKapöaMH, Koca Ii nioBKOBaH yßpaHa KBÍTKaMH... Ajie h HacjiiflyBaHHH HaponHHX niceHb He BpjrroByG KocTOMapoBa BÍfl MOBHHX noMHJIOK Ta BaJKKHX BHpa3ÍB. UÍKaBO, mp KocTOMapoB nynce yBaJKHo CTaBHTbcn i n,o BÍpuiy. bíh 3anpoBanacye n,emp HOBe, HanpnKJian,, „BHyTpinmi pnMn": phmh míjk OKpeMHMH cjioBaMH b panKy, Hanp., y UHTOBaHHX ,,3opiix": njiHHyTt 3opi / b JianHÍM xopi; Hac HeBOJia, / Hama hojih ... Bíh 3a-irpoBanacye hobí po3Mipn, Hanp., ynajinn „eaerinHHÖ nBOBÍpin" y Hafl3BHHaíÍHo THnoBÍH naa p o Ma hthkí b noe3Í'i npoTH nepeon,ÍHKH aHTH^Hoi* rejiJiaflH, HKa m. íh. y kjiíichij,h3MÍ BÍnBepTaaa yßary cy-HacHHKÍB Bifl BjiacHoro HaponHoro íkhtth: naM'íiTb nocMepxHa tboh 3acjiinjiae MaHOio HaM oni, — mh, Ha Te6e raanioHH, He oannan caMi ceôe. XapaKTepHCTHqHHH i íhihhh Bipni Ha Ty ac TeMy „.HaBrnraa". IJi Bipmi 3 ayjKHMH cjiOBaMH (CnapTa, íjiot), 3 HaTHKaMH na nonľí, npo hkí b Bipiiii He roBopnTbca, rančmi naa Toro xapaKTepy, hkhh noHHHajia HaônpaTn yKpamcbKa ahľepaTypa nin, nepoM xapKÍBCbKnx poMaHTHKÍB: n,e Majia 6yTH „noBHa JiiTepaTypa" naa „noBHoro Ha-pony". IJiKaBi HHCJieHHi poMaHTH^Ho-Haponm oaaaan KocTOMapoBa, Ha ct o 3 Ka3K0BHMH ClOHCeTaMH. 5. «ZJyace xapaKTepHCTHHHÍ b CTpeMJiiHHi yTBopHTH ,,noBHy ai-TepaTypy" i npaMaTHHHi cnpoôH KocTOMapoBa. Bíh 3a KopoTKHö aac cbogí nHCbMeHHHUbKoi flÍHJibHOCTH nHHie yKpamcbKi apaMH „CaBa HajiHH" (1838), „IlepeflCJiaBCbKa híh" (1839) Ta noHHHac me KÍJibKa apaMaTHHHHx TBopiB („KocHHCbKHÍí", „Ma3ena", „yKpaÍHCbKÍ CH,eHH 1649 p.", Ta 3 pHMCbKOÍ ÍCTOpíI „MyHeHHIT,H <í>eBpOHÍH") nopyn pocificbKOÍ npaMH „KpeMyir,in Kopa", nepeKJianae IHeKC-nipa Ha pocižcbKy MOBy. IIIeKcnip i e roaoBHHM KepMaHiraeM Kocto-MapoBa b apaMaTHHHÍH noe3Í'í. Ihosí bíh BHKopHCTOBye Illijijiepa. Tparen.il KocTOMapoBa noBHi HpaMaTHHHoro HanpyaceHHH i — b po-MaHTHHHÍH Tpanniíii — 3aKÍHHyioTbca 3arH6ejiJiio repoiB. CaBa HajiHH (HeicTopHHHO 3o6paa) . IJpH BHyTpiHIHÍH KOH-(pJliKT KoCTOMapOB Wfi yCKJiaHHIOe ÍHHIHMH KOH(pJlÍKTaMH, 30BHÍUI- hímh Ta BHyTpiniHÍMH: CaBa ňOBinyGTbCH, mo HO KaTepHHH BHCe CBäTaGTbCH THaT; íioro cynepHHKOM Ha reTMaHCTBO g BjiacHHH 6aTbKo i t. n,. TaK caMO BHyTpinimH kohípjiíkt po3pHBaG nyniy MapHHH míjk jiioöob'io no Bopora 6aTbKÍBiHHHH Ta no pinHoro Kpaio, i TyT KocTOMapoB me ycKJianHioe koh(J)jiíkt, poôjiähh MapHHy CeCTpOK» npOBiflHHKa noBCTaHB;ÍB. KocTOMapoB, MOHce HaBMHCHe, yHHKaB Mannte BCHKoro noôyTo-Boro ejieMeHTy. IcTopHHHe tjio fioMy naTH He Bn,ajiocH (aôo bíh i He ctphmíb 3,0 Uboro). mo icTopHHHa npaBn,a nin,ipBaHa thmh „MyT-HHMH nncepejiaMH", 3 HKHX bíh nepnaB („IcTopiH PyciB", niflpoö-jiem „flyMn"), — uje He TaKe BaJKJiHBe, 60 Tparen.ii ííoro — „bhcokí Tpareni'í", 3 aöcTpaKTHHMH repoHMH, hkhx npoMOBH nacTO — no- UieKCnípiBCbKH - HJJIKOM BÍn,pHBaiOTbCH Bin, KOHKpeTHOl H.Í1, HK MOHOJior JlHceHKa: ... mo onna nyina noro 6e3CHjibHa, nHBjiionHCH Ha ripKy npjno mhjioi pohhhh, jiiTa Hap Heio cokojiom no xMapax i, 6anyHH 6paTÍBCbKe jihxo, CTorHe, i aapoM nopHBaGTbCH, hk xbhjih, mo no ^Hinpy b Herony noxon,HcaG, KJieKone, pBeTbCH, chbhm nnjiOM xJincbKa, xoTijia 6 Hane ôeper Becb 3ajiHTH... I cjiaÖKicTE. npaM KocTOMapoBa He b d;íh aôcTpaKTHocTi, a b TOMy, IH,0 BÍH He 3HaX0n,HTb y KOHKpeTHÍH flil Bpa3JIHBHX, HCKpaBHX (pOp-Myjl, THX JieTIOHHX CJIÍB, HKHMH nHHiaGTbCH KOHCHa TparenJH IIIeKC-nipa. 3aT6 KoCTOMapOB poÔHTb CBOK) MOBy flOCHTb pÍ3H0MaHÍTH0K), 3aB0flHHH Í „bhcokhh CTHJIb" (3 CJIOB'HHÍ3MaMH) Í b y Jlbťap HHH, y MacoBHX cqeHax; HecnpaBen,JiHBO 3aKHn,ajiH KocTOMapoBy „kotjih-peBiiraHy'' — jiaÖKH Ta ByjibťapH3MH TnnoBi i 3jih floro 3pa3KÍB y IIIeKcnipa; TyT pojín, (pyHKnÍH Ix 30bcím inuia, amm y Kotjih-peBCbKoro. Moste GflHHe HaÔJiHateHHH po TpaAHuii KoTJinpeBCbKoro — ynpoBaflJKeHHH niceHb Ta kíjibkox ceHTHMeHTajibHHX po3MOB. Ta Bee ue He BpHTyBaJio flpaM, He n,ocHTb ciieHÍHHHX, a 3oKpeMa n,jiH nÍ3HÍHIOÍ yKpaÍHCbKO'í CUeHH 3 11 eTHOrpa(pÍHHHM yXHJIOM. HoBo'i TpaflHííii H,i TpoxH BajKKyBaTÍ n'ecn yTBopHTH He 3MorjiH. KoCTOMapOB HanncaB ni3HÍiiie i „MaKapoHÍHHy" noBicTb „Hep- HÍrÍBKa" (p03M0BH yKpaiHCbKOK) MOBOK>), HHCJieHHÍ lCTOpHHHÍ npaHÍ, rjiKaBy xapaKTepHCTHKy „abox HapomV — pociHH i yKpaiHiiiB, HKa npH fleHKOMy ynpoiueHm npoÖJieMH, He no3ôaBJieHa oKpeMHX rjiH-60KHX flyMOK. ľ(i nÍ3HÍuii npau,i, nyJKe uiKaßi n, jih icTopi'í yKpai'h-cbKo'i „flyxoBo'i" KyjibTypH, He HajiencaTb ynce no TicHiiuoro KOJia FBopiB yKpamcbKo'í KpacHoI jiÍTepaTypn, ajie MaiOTb y co6i HHMäJio cjiifliB poMaHTHHHoro CBÍTorjiHny. Ajie HaHBaJKJiHBiine fljia Hac — HanncaHi npHHaÔMHi 3 ôjihjkhok) ynacTio KocTOMapoBa „KmirH ÔyTTH", HKÍ BJKe HaJieJKaTb HO „KHÍBCbKO'í pOMaHTHKH". 6. KijibKa npiÖHiniHX noeTÍB ctohjih b otohchhí xapKÍBCbKoro KOJia. Ta Tpe6a 3ra,n,aTH i ca&ioro I. Cpe3HeBCbKoro hk noeTa; floro noeTHHHi cnpoÖH — lie dpajibiHOBam nyMH b „3anopoJKCbKÍfl cTa-Phhí"; u,i „dpajibCH(pÍKaTH" — TBopn He naponHi, ajie n,ÍKaBÍ bhhbh Toro, hk poMaHTHKH Toro nacy po3yMÍJiH CTHjib HapoflHoi noe3ÍI: (paKTHHHHH 6ík y3HT0 3 „ICTOpi'í PyCÍB*', a niceHHHH TeKCT 3MOH- TOBaHO noHäCTH 3 ypHBKÍB fliňeHo HapoffHHX nyM, ajie nonacTH TeKCTH BHTBopeHi caMocTÍHHO Ta 3HaHHo „ifleojioriHHiiHi", híhc niä-CHO Haponm nyMH. 3aco6ÍB napo/raoi' noe3Íí bjkhto h&jičbifi&hho pncHo. ITonacTH HKpa3 rpajibinoBaHi nyMH cnpHHHHHJiHCH no Toro, iiio b nÍ3HÍniÍH yKpamcbKÍH poMaHTHHHiA noe3ÍI cTajiH Tpadpape-TaMH TaKi noeTHHHi (popMyjiH, hk „b cypMH 3acypMHJiH", „y 6yÔHH BflapHiOTb", „peBHyjiH rapMaTH" i t .n,. HHMajio 3 Hboro CKapöy BHpa3ÍB Ta o6pa3ÍB BJKHB i IIIeBHeHKo. ripaBfla He hcho, hh Cpe3-HeBCbKHÖ caM 3(pajibiHyBaB tckcth, hh 3aBÍB floro b oöjiyny xtocb 3 floro npHHTejiÍB. O. KopcyH (1818-91), nonaB BipinyBaTH y Tpapniiií ,,kot jinpeB-iuhhh"; Ta fl naponm noBip'a bíh 36npae Ta nepecnißye híóh hk JIHHie aHeKflOTHHHHH METCpÍHJI. Ajie nopyH npHMÍTHBHOro cjio- B'HHodpijibCTBa KopcyH nepeÔMaG h iHTepec ao poMaHTHHHoi" noe3ÍI, 408 nepecnißyioMH pocÍHH Ta nexÍB, Ta BÍTac IHeB^eHKa 1845 p. BÍpmeM, y HKOMy npoxae monpaB^a b noeTa jraine „rojiocimiH Han TpyHoio" Ta „niceHt npo kojihhihg". Mhx. IleTpeHKo (Hap. 1817 p.), aBTop kíjibkox BiprnÍB 3 moth-BaMH poMaHTHHHoI TyrH 3a najieKHM, mo fljia Htoro CHMBOJiÍ3yGTi>ch HeôoM: ToHy TaM Rýmem, TOHy TaM o^aiwH, rjIHÖOKO, rJIHÖOKO, nOMÍJK 3ÍpOHbKaMH. Tony TaM rJiHÖOKO, hk KaMÍHb toh b Mopi. Hi! TaK THHy b He6i, hk b jiioTOMy ropi: b noro TeMHy nponacTb h KHHyBca 3Majiy... noKpHTe XMapaMH, mob xbhjihmh Te Mope, IHO TaM TH MOBHUI b BHHIHHÍ? I MOBa ch, li BejiHKa pin 3jih MeHe TeMHa Tan, mob Tan hí*i . .. Bíh cyMye, mp He Mae Kpnji („JJjaBjíiocb h Ha Heôo Ta h nyMKy ranaio, HOMy h He cokíji, HOMy He Jirraio"), 60 bíh nonyBae, mo Heöo — ,,moh cTopoHa", bíh Hye „HeöecHy My3HKy" 3ip, ajie Bei in TeMH ,,noe3Ü hohí" bíh He 3Hí6hhh bhbccth Han cyMHe rojiociHHH, onHOMaHÍTHi o6pa3H i cjioBa (cyMyio, njia^iy, CTorae, CMyTOK, Tyra, cjib03h, MyKH, rope) He niHHocHTb Bipnii neTpeHKa Han CeHTHMeH-TajibHi poMaHCH. Ajie BajKJiHBe Ta TímoBe rjiíi noro tbophocth, mo bíh 3ajiHHiae TeMaTHKy Haponnoi nicHÍ Ta poÖHTt. cnpoÔy h a 6 jih3 ht h MOBy Ta TeMaTHKy poMaHcy no nyxoBoro jkhtth ocBiHeHoi jhohhhh. Ha Hcajib, y toh nac, hk MejiHHXOJíÍHHa poMaHTH^Ha noesin BMÍJia Ha Tjii CMyTKy h TyrH cTaBHTH 3arajn>HOJiionci>kí nHTaHHH, cpijioco-cpyBaTH, BHXonn^h 3 6e3HaniÖHoro necHMÍ3My, neipeHKo Ha ne He cnpoMircH. Jlnnie ne-ne-ne MaÖHe b Hboro tihtobo poMaHTHHHHÖ o6pa3: „nicHH" — ,,rojioc 3 Tóro CBÍTa", MeJionin nicm — 6ojKe-BÍjitHa — „6e3yMHa Ta b HOHHyio nopy" i t. n. 3naHHO n,ÍKaBÍHiHH poBecHHK BopoBHKOBCBKoro, On. Hlnnroiib-KHH (naTH jkhtth HeBinoMi, npyKyBaBCÍI mí^k 1830 Ta 1835 pp.), ... inp BHnpyKyBaB jinnie ypHBKH 3 nepeKJiany .JIojiTaBH" nyniKÍHa, onny Öajinny Ta nepeKJiann cohctíb MinKeBH^a, hkí MOJKe íjiioc-TpyBaTH TEKHH npHKJian: HanjiHB h Ha po3JiHB cyxoro oKeaHy, HHpHG B 3íjijií bí3 í, mob MÍJK XBHJIb HOBHOK, njiHBe míjk noBHHX JiyK no KHJiHMy kbítok; MHHaK) ocTpoBH 3ejieHÍ h ôyp'HHy. Jf09 CMepKae Bace; Hirne hí inaaxy, hí KypraHy; inyKaio inaaxoBnx Ha He6i a 3ÍpoK. TeHi, ßjiHCb! Hh xwtapa to? To 3ÍpoHbKH cbítok? Hi! To chhíg 74híctp — to cbítjio AKKepMaHy. . . b 40-x poKax nonaB npyKyBaTHca JIkíb IHpronÍB (1824-98), MaôyTb, HaHBHSHäHHiniHH noeT ycboro xapKÍBCbKoro Kojia, — ajie p;iaJii.HÍCTB äoro BinHOBnaaca JiHine Hepe3 KÍabKa n.ecaTHaÍTb, Ta bíh HaaeacHTb y nepeBaacHÍH ôiatiiiocTi cboíx tbopíb po minoro OKpecy yKpaiHCtKOÍ arrepaTypn; paHinii fioro Bipuii, npn bcíh cboíh (popMaabHiä BHKÍHHeHOCTi, HaöSanaiHi 30 BipniiB neTpeHKa HeBH-pa3HÍCTK) HacTpoi'b — He nyMOK. T. 3axinira yKpaiíHa 1. nocTaHHH aÍTepaTypn HaponHoio mobok) b Taan^HHi Maao ine Ôiatuie 3HaneHHH, amac Ha Tepirropii pocincbKoi" yKpaiHH. TyT n,o Hau;ioHaaBHoro npooypaieHHa (me Re BippopaieHHa) HHMaao cnpHHHHHaHca poMaHTH*mi Teórií, BaacHe aÍTepaTypn aBCTpißcbKHx caoB'flH. HHMaay poaio Maan h BnnaHHH yKpamcbKHx nicenb MaK-CHMOBH^a h íh. B RyxoBHÍH ceMHHapii 6yao HeaerKo no3HaííoMHTHca 3 hobíthbok) 3axinHboio noe3Íeio, 60 ne amne poMaHTHKÍB, a ů IHia-aepa TaM me b 30-x poKax 19 ct. 3a6opoHeHo. Aae nonaTKn Han,io-HaatHoro npoöypaceHHa noxonnan 3 KynKH abBÍBCbKHX ceMma-Phctíb, „pycBKoí TpÍHH,i": MapKiaH HlaniKeBHH (1811-43), IßaH BarnaeBHH (1811-66), Hkíb roaoBanbKHH (1814-88). nepuiHÖ 3Ôip-HHK BipniiB HapoRHOK) mobok), CKJiaa,eHHH HlannceBHHeM Ta noro npHHTeaaMH, ne Mir 3'aBHTHca npyKOM. Aae 1835 p. HlaniKeBHH BHRpyKyBaB y JIbbobí ,,roaoc Tamman" — ony HaponHoio mobok), a 1837 p. BHXOffHTb caaBH03BÍCHHO 36ipHHK „PycaaKa JJmcTpoBaa". .Zjjia HlauiKeBHHa npo6yn,aceHHa yKpai'mjiB — ocTaHHa aaHKa b npo-n,eci 3araabHoro npo6yn,aceHHa caoB'aHCbKHx Hapon,ÍB. nncbMeH-CTBy bíh Hanae b HaponHOMy acHTTi HansBHHaíÍHOi poai: „nncbMeH-CTBO y KoaíHoro Hapony — n,e noro acHTTa, Soro cnocoôy nyMaTH, noro nynii o6pa3; boho noBHHHe 3aKaiOHyTHCb i bhpocth cepejj Hapony Ha íioro ac TaKH hhbí . . . HHCbMeHCTBo -— Haínieprua noTpeÔa BCboro Hapony". I toh (paKT, mo nepini npencTaBHHKn Han,io-HaabHoí aÍTepaTypn b TaaHHHHi 6yan nyxoBHÍ, i ocoôHCTa Bflana HlaniKeBHHa, i caMnô xapaKTep aBCTpificbKoro aÍTepaTypHoro acHT-Ta 3a HaciB Merrepmxa (Ta me Ha npoBÍHn,ii!) npHBean n,o Toro, mp poMaHTHHHÍ HOTH yKpai'HCbKOÍ aÍTepaTypn b raannnm öyan Hafí3BHHaHH0 M'aKÍ, HÍaíHÍ, aípHHHÍ. JflO CyMHo cKJiajiacH n,oaa yaacmraiB „pycbKoi Tpiöni": UlauiKeBHH nepenaacHO BMep, BarnaeBna onHHHBca b noabCbKOMy Taöopi, To-jiOBauBKHH, iupnpaBna, 3inir BHKOHaTH noBaacHy HayKOBy npan.K), ajie nepeouioB no Taôopy iriaKOM 3acainaeHHx MOCKBodpiaiB . .. Ha 3MÍHy im y HaiíioHajiBHOMy po3BHTKy FajiHaHHH b3hjih yaacTb mini njaai. 2. UlaniKeBHa 3a cbog KopoTKe Ta BaacKe acHTTH He BCTHr Ha-nncaTH 6araTO. Aae i Te, iup hhm HanncaHe — nepeBaacHo Bipiui, noKa3ye, mo Mas noeTHaHy oÖnapoBamcTb. Bipuii öoro — roaoBHe nicm; i'x MeaaHxoaiÖHHH HacTpifi — umpim, ix toh m'hkhh Ta Hiac- hhh, HaBÍTB 3aHaflT0 m'hkhh RJIX ix ÍH03Í flOCHTb nOXMyporO 3MICTy. Haeain,yBaHHH niceHB i, MaôyTb, BnaHB noaBCBKoro BipuiyBaHHH npHBOflHTB UlaniKeBHaa no tofo, iup bíh — He TaK panHKaaBHO, aK HIeBaeHKo, — BinMOBaaeTBca Bin, tovo peryaapHoro aepryBaHHa Haroaociß, mo tbophtb cyTB „TomaHoro" BipuiyBaHHH (nim. j\. 5): l3-3a ropn, Í3-3a aiea BiTpeub noBÍBae; CKaaíH, CKaacH, thxhö Břrpe, aK ca MHaa Mae? Hh 3flopoBa, an Beceaa, aaaKO pyM'HHeHbKe? Hh cyMye, an ropioe, an anaKO ôainHeHbKe? Bo h Tyacy, 60 a naaay, CaB03aMH BMHBaiOCB, Beceaoi ronHHOHbKH Bace He cnonmaioeb ... Hk 6h Mem KpnatiiH MaTH, COKOaOM 3aeTÍTH, — TaaíKy Tyry Í3 cepneHbKa npH MHaiÖ P03ÖHTH! .. nopya cyMHHX niceHb HIamKeBHa nnme i HaijioHaabHi tímhh — 3aKJIHKH: PycbKa Mara Hac poanaa, pycbKa MaTH aac noBHaa, pycbKa Mara Hac aioönaa, — aoMy at MOBa efi He MHaa? aOM CH HeB BCTHflaTH MaGM? aoM ayacoio noaioöaaeM? .. (eü = ii, Heß = Heio) 4II a6o: Pa30M, pa30M, XTO CHJI Mac — TOHÍTB 3 PyCH MpaKH TbMaBÜ 3aBHCTB Hafi HaC He CnHHHG, pa30M k CBÍTjiy, ApyrH >KBaBÜ Ta íí njiH HaiiioHajibHoi TeivraTHKH UlaiHKeBHH 3Haxon,HTb TaKi caMi m'hkí hoth, ak jijih cboix niceHB: Ajk mhjio 3ranaTH, hk to cepue 6'gtbch, kojih 3 yKpaiHH pycbKaa niceHBKa TaK mhjio, coJionKo KOJio cepira b'gtbch, HK KOJIO MHJIOrO flÍBKa pycHBeHBKa. . . rioe3Ífl IIIaíHKeBHna, np HKoro híhhijih b ocTaHHi poKH ňoro KopoT- KOrO JKHTTH Í TBOpH KbÍTKH, MeTJIHHCBKOrO, 6a h IIIeBneHKa, He Morjia 3Po6hthch nonyjiflpHoio Ha BejíHKiň yKpami rojioBHe TOMy, mp rajiHHBKa noe3ÍH cnnpajiacH Ha m i c u, e b y MOBy. B npoTH- JieJKHÍCTB HO XapKÍB'HH, nHCBMeHHHKÍB 3 HOBOKOJIOHÍ30BaH01 TepH- Topii 3 n Ha BejíHKOMy npocTopi MaöJKe gahhok) moboio, rajinnaHH KOpHCTaJIHCH 3aXÍflHB0yKpaÍHCBK0K) MOBOK) 3 H pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHMH HÍHJieKTaMH. JlHHie Tenep, 3 po3bhtkom yjKHTKy n.ifljieKTÍB b Monep-híh noe3ÍI, noe3ÍH HlaíHKeBHna (i íhhihx npenpTaBHHKÍB rajimibKoi poMaHTHKH) Morjia 6 3HaÖTH 3po3yMÍHHH Ha BejíHKiň yKpai'HÍ. Cboto naey ľi nonyjrapHOCTi nepeniKonjKajiH HacaMnepen, nÍHJieKTHi (popMH, hk ,,3anycTHJiacB", „ynHHHjiacB" 3aMÍCTB „3anycTHJia gch" (2 ocoôa MHHyBHioro nacy) i t. n,., »3 HenpjieB" = 3 Henpjieio, „Hanp mhob", ,,ch npjifl n,ijia", i t. n., ^ajii — nÍHJieKTHÍ cjiosa: „iiBÍTKa", ,,3au;BHJia", ,,rapa3n," — ihelcth, „cjih" = kojih, „po3nycKaecB" = po3KpHBaGTBCH i t. n,., 30KpeMa cjioBa, mo Ha BejiHKiö yKpai'HÍ MaioTB iHuie 3HaneHHH a6o Íhhihh bírtíhok 3HaneHHH, a6o TpoxH BiflMÍHHy (popMy: „chbchbkí . .. oni", „nynycnicH", „3ripnHBaGHi" i t. n,. Monte HaööijibiH hikoahjih HarojiocH, hjih cxinHBoyKpa-íHCBKHX n,ifljieKTÍB u,íjikom He3BHHaflHÍ: ,,XMapÓK)", 6ÍJiecéHBKHM", „nyMáeiH", ,,6ýjia", „pinnan" i t. n,. <3>pa3eojiorÍH MycHTB 3naBaTHCH cxiflHBOMy yKpai'HiieBi ,,6e3noMÍHHOK>", xon BOHa, MOJKe naCTo Jinnie Haß'H3yGTBCH Ha MiciipBy 3 rajiHHBKoro nifljiiccH*. Hanp. ,,Tyra Í3 cepfleHBKa", ,,npn mhjiíh" = kojio mhjioí, ,,hchí rpoMH" i t. n,. ,2pHKÍ pHflKH hjih cxiflHBoro yKpaÍHH,H MaöJKe He3po3yMÍJii: A MeHi ocB Ha cím cbítí cbog cepue ícth: 60 3 HenpjieB ôopoTHCH, hk nin. Bony njiHCTH. Jtl2 JJpcB 3a MopeM, 3a ropaMH míh rapa3fl 3apiMaBca; fleet 3 6e3BÍCTHH, TeMHHX J1ÍCÍB míh CMyTOK npHTHäBCJI . . . A6o: „BKpHBajiaM th hophob MpanoB", „yaHHHaacb MOMy cepino 3 rapa3flOM po3ayKy", „xbhjih ii noniaye i Hanepea, ctpíjihtb". JJJlh-jieKTHo 3a6apBjieHa noe3ia, aKa aaa po3BHHeHo'i jiiTepaTypn g npH-HaflHa, 6yjia aaa m;e „HenoBHoi" yKpaiHCBKOi JiiTepaTypn thx aa- CÍB 3aHBOK) p03KÍHIimO. TeMaTHKa noe3ii IIIaniKeBHaa HeninpoKa. ľlopya HanjoHaaB- HHX MOTHBÍB - Cepea, 11 o6pa31B, p03yMÍGTLCfl, G h ÔaHflypHCTa, i reTBMaH, i K03aK, i Mornan, — ayGMo nocTÍHHo hoth CMyTKy Ta Tyrn, hochtb m'hkí: xapaKTepncTHam cepea, 3flpi6HÍJiHx cjiíb „ri-peHBKa ronHHo", „cjiÍ30hbkh" i t. n.. XapaKTepncTHaHO, inp noe3Ía IIIainKeBHHa 3HaaH0K> Mipoio CHMBoaiaHa. H,a CHMBoaiKa He nyace CKaaaHa Ta He ayace ranöoKa, aae TnnoBo poMaHTHHHa: noeT cjiy-xaG MHHyae: ... no Mornjiax aaraB a, ôyiiiMTo cnoaHTH, a to niacayxaTH, hk to CTapa ôyBaaBinima 6yne po3MOBaarH... — a,6o opaoM ninHocHTBca Haa, 3eMaeio: riycTHB opea ÖHCTpe oko B BÍHHÍCTB He3MÍpHMy, carHyB jiyxoM reH ranßoKo b rayôiHB He3MHcaHMy .. . TyT TnnoBi caoBa „He3MÍpnMy" Ta ,,He3MHcaHMy"; hchtta chmbojií-3ye Teac thtiobhh o6pa3 kbítkh, inp B'aHe nicaa KopoTKoro injiTy-aíHTTa: LUBÍTKa apiÔHa Moanaa HeHBKy, BecHy panentKy: „Hene piaHaa! BBoan MH Boaio, flaö Mem npaio inp6 a 3ai^BHaa, BecB ayr CKpacnaa ..." „JXomo roayôKO, acaab MeHi Te6e, rapHaa aroÖKo, US 6o BHXOp CBHCHe, MOp03 nOTHCHe, 6ypa 3aryne; Kpaca 3MapHÍe, JIHKKO 3HOpHÍe rOJIOBOHBKy CKJIOHHIH, JIHCTOHbKH 3pOHHIH, - JKajib cepijio ôyne". Čepen, KpaeBHn,íb HlaiHKeBHna 3ycTpinaeMo fi yjiioôJieHy poMaH-THKaMH Hin: Cbít BJKe cMepKOM nonopHÍB, cyMHeHbKo nyran 3aniB, Hi TaM jHonefi, hí Taivr xaTH! Ejiyn, Ty CBHme, TyMaH rpae, b rycTi jiicH 3aBene ... TeMHO, THXO í CTpaiHHeHfeKO, nacoM jiHHi BopoH 3aKpHne, 3aKpane cyMHeHbKO. A6o: CoHH.e He He noMepKJio, cbít nÍTBMa Hacijia, BHIHp í B3BOBJK HOBKOJia CyM CH p03JIHraG, narapaMH rycTHMH Tbivra bobkíb 3aBHJia, Han, thhom onycTijiHM rajiOK raMÍp rpac. HaBHCJio HCHe He6o nopHHMH xiaapaMH, THJKKHMH rycTÍ 6opn CKJioHHJiHCb TyraMH, 30HKHyjiH nyopoBH i JiicH 3acTorHajiH ... MaGMO čepen, áoro BÍpuiÍB 2-3 oajinnHnm, nepeKa3 HaponHoi aHeK-flOTH; HacjiinyBaHHH HaponHHX niceHb pinni, onHH pa3 HIaiHKeBHH Hanonpojnoe HaBÍTb nyaiy („Oöjiora JIbBOBa XMejibHHHbKHM"). nepeKJiajiH 3 nojibcbKoi (ypHBOK 3 „3aMjca KaHbOBCbKoro" Fo-mHHCbKoro) cepÖcbKoi (nicHÍ) Ta necbKoi (KpajienBopcbKHii py- KOTIHC) BOnOBHIOIOTb o6pa3 pOMaHTHHHO-CJIOB'HHOÍpijIbCbKHX ÍHTepe- cíb HlaniKeBHna. HeBejiHKa oßcnroM, ajie pÍ3H0MaHÍTHa npo3a HlauiKeBHna. IJ|i-KaBo, mp BOHa 3HanHo ÔJiHHíne ninxonHTb no HopMH jiÍTepaTypHoi m ob h nÍ3HÍiHHX nacÍB. 3HaxoflHMo b Hboro i CTarri; m. íh. Han,-3BHnaHHo umaBa „C'TapoBHHa", poMaHTHHHa nponaraHna 3au;ÍKaB- 4U i jieHHfl cTapoBHHOK), b hkíh IIIauiKeBHn öannTb „Jim\e cToarreÄ" Ta „nyx npen,KÍB"; nnine bíh nepeKa3 Kä3Kii, i rrpo3aÍHHÍ 6aiÍKH (14) i nHTHHi noôoÄHi niceHbKH, i MarepiaaH naa hhtrhhk po „HnTamcH". Ocb hk bíh y npo3Í Maaioe híhhhh KpacBHn.: „CoHue cnonnjio, CMepKJiocH. Tnxa niTbMa Hacijia thxí Ta y3KÍ 3Bopn, BÍTep OyíiHHH ocíhhhh MeraB xMapaMH Bin, Bepxa po Bepxa i raaB cnojioBijiHM jiHCTbOM 3 rip b TeMHi po3npaH, to 3H0B nin, KpyTy CTpeMeHy, CKpHnjIHHH rOJIHMH TÍJIíIMH BÍn,BÍHH01 flyÖHHH, MOB BeJIHHaiOHHCH CBoeio jiiotoctík), a pyraionncb 3 i'x Henyrn; 3BÍp HiejienoTiB nara-paMH 3a JKHpoM, nacaMH bobk roaoaoM nepTHH nHBHHMH 3&BHB rojiocaMH; nepicTi onoKH, 3aKJiHTÍ nan, 6e3BÍCTHMH ctohth, 3naBa-jiHCH npn HacTHTJiiS híhhíh Mpaui npOJKHBaTH Ta CBOÍ míhhth CTa-hobhihei, npoxona^Hca mob híhhí MapH..." — IIIaHiKeBHH p&B i KÍJibKa 3pa3KÍB „BHCoKoro" nposaiHHoro cthjiio — b nponoBinax, cnpoôax nepeKaany CBaHreaii (IoaHa, MaTBia), b „IIcaaMax Pyc-jiaHOBHx". Ocb cnpoôa 3 oaHoro 3 hhx: „Tofi, mo 3BeaÍB HÍHOMy 3p03,hth CBÍTH, BeaHHHOG COHH,e i MÍCHHb í TbMH 3BÍ3H,, IHO BeaÍB TeMHOTi nepeKHHyTHca b cbítjio, 3 KOToporo apaom CBepKHyjiH orni i Bnapnan bohh, KOToporo HeBHHHMe oko 6aHHTb ranKH pym Ha-HiHx, KOTopHÔ cnpar co6ok> 6e3HanaT0K i 6e3KOHenb, KOToporo cepu,e BCbOMy CBÍTy cepne, a Boaa rapa3n. bcíx bíkíb i bcíx CTopoH macTG, — toh 3 T060K), Bor 3 T060K)". 3. riopyn IIIaHiKeBHHa 6e3yMOBHo HaHBH3HaHHÍuiHM cnpaBHíHÍM noeTOM raanubKoi poMaHTHKH g MHKoaa ycTHHHOBHH (1811-85). Horo aiTepaTypHa niaabmcTb, mpnpaBna, TpoxH nÍ3HÍuia — kíhuh 40-x Ta nonaTKy 50-x pokíb, Bate He 6e3 ynaHBiß HaafminpHHCbKOi aÍTepaTypn. Horo SHa^HO HHcaeHHmri Bipini xapaKTepH3yiOTb tí CaMÍ mobhí pHCH, IHO H BÍpUIÍ IIIäHIKeBHHa'. n.ÍHaeKTH3MH (BeCHOB, 3 toôob, naane cHHa = 3a chhom, nepeíiMHaa, ch, th i t. p.) 30Kpe-Ma b Haroaocax (BHCKa3yBáB, yacác, oa3áx, cnaáMH, HayKý, Kpaca-bhh,í, TaTapHH, noporáMH i t. p.; BaacHe me Ôiabine, Hiac y Hlam-KeBHHa), npcHTb HHcaeHHÍ 3n.pi6HÍai caoBa (TyreHbKa, nyuiHua, ri-peHLKÍ, HaBÍTb — caaBOHbKa ABCTpii i t. p.). HnMaao caoB'aHCbKHX caiB. I b Hboro annie He^HcaeHHi oaaann a6o 6aaanH*iHÍ Bipuii, Maao niceHHHX tpopM Ta mothbíb, Hanp.: JleTÍB opea 3 HyaoiHOHbKH Ta h CTaB noßinaTH 3a KepBaßi aoaHHOHbKH, 3a cnaaeHi xaTH; Ta 3a KOCTH ôiaeHbKii, BHnpaHi noMcnacaMH, 415 3a MOTHJIH BHCOKÍ1, cnnam pyKaMH . . . Iljiane fliB^a, njiane MaTH, 3 JKaJíK) He BTHxae, nie ň cBo6oflH He BHflara, h MHJiHH He BepTae. Ajie yCTHHHOBHH 6ÍJIbHie JIIOÔHTb CKJiaflHÍ p03MÍpH Ta CTpOCpH, - MaöyTb, yjKe TOMy, mp cepefl Äoro BÍpuiÍB aochtb óaraTo „bhcoko-TopHtecTBeHHHx" — npHBÍTaHb, tímhíb, rpaTyjrímiH, noaacra BJiyn-hhx. Mothb aBCTpiäcbKoro naTpioTH3My: „JXe AßCTpia, TaM Ham paS" — nacTHH. Cepen, hhx g i Bipmi 3 Haii,ioHajibHHMH, aochtb CyMHHMH MOTHBaMH, HK: „.ZtyMaTH ľJiyXO, JlÍTaMH, BÍKaMH, Ha hímíh HopHÍH MorHJii", aôo jinme „chhth o m,acTÍ i K03airbKÍH cJiaBÍ": I Ha KpeCT bôhthh BpaJKHMH pyKaMH, He 3HaB TOH Hapifl CBOOÍflHÍHIOH flojii Han njian caMOTHHÔ 6e3COHHHMH HonaMH, Hafl CBHTOH BipH Hafliio Ha rpoôi... yCTHHHOBHH nOCÍflaC 3flÍÔHÍCTb BJiyHHO atpOpHCTHHHO (pOpMyjHOBaTH flyMKy, Ha atajib, Taxi tpopMH aacTo BTpanaiOTbcH b flOBrnx Ta 6e3-ôapBHHX Bipmax: Bo pycbKa flyMKa — cyMHHH xpecT Ha rpoôi, a pycbKa MOBa — copoM Ha nofloöi, a pycbKe cepue — Tyra CTenoBaa, a pycbKa flojia — cnpoTa HÍMajr.... GflHa MaTH ix njieKaJia, GflHa cyflböa ÔHJia, GflHa J11060B i'x B'ji3ajia, GflHa CMepTb 3JiyHHjia ... Kto Hece ôijibmy npncjiyry fljifi CBÍTa, flJIH cboix ÖpaTHH, hk TOH, iho BÍKaMH rojioflHHM xjiiôa noflac flocHTa, KOpMHTb flepJKaBH CBOIMH pyKaMH? - TaK (pOpMyjIIOG yCTHÍIHOBHH CBOl flyMKH npO flOJIIO yKpaÍHH, irpO B3aGMOCTOCyHKH 11 OKpeMHX p03ÍpBaHHX HäCTHH, npo BapTÍCTb xjiiÖopoßcbKoi npani. Hanjimmmi Bipni acpopHcraaHoro rany — peJlÍrÍHHO-CpÍJIOCOCpÍHHHH „CoTBOpHTeJIb". ^HBHO, IHO B nOBHaJIBHHX Bipmax, äkhx i b Hboro lem HHMajio, TaKi floôpi (popMyjiH piflmi. IJa 3fli6mcTb (popMyjHOBaHHH rrpHKpamyG híjií Bipmi, sm Hanp., niceHHHÍI: Jfl6 CyMHo, MapHO no rojihhí, nOHOpHijIH 6íjií KBÍTH, nojKOBK jiHCT Ha nepeBHHi, max nojieTÍB b íhuií cbíth. Or 3anaaa chbí XMapn nijiy 3eMJiK) 3aJiHBaiOTB, HarapaMH híhhí Mapn 3 BÍTpaMH ch p03MOBJIHK>TB . . . Horo Ty HC Hin, Ka jihhohijKo , rojioBOHbKy HaxHjiHeni? Horo njianem, ríbhhhohbko, cjii>03aMH ch 3ajiHBaeni? Hh th rojih noKHHyjia? Hh He Mačín MaTyceHbKH? Hh th Kpaca 3arHHyjia? Hh rOBOpHTb BopinceHbKH? — Hi MHH rojih noKHHyjia, hí He Maio MaTyceHBKH, hí mh Kpaca 3arHHyjia, hí roBopHTb BopiaceHtKH, hho MH TyHCHO 3a BeCHOK), mp TaK 6op3o nepenßijia. KynH rjiHHy MHCJieHbKoio, HeMa Toro, mp m jnoóHJia. A60 ORHH 3 HaÖJlinniHX BÍpUlÍB 3 HHCJieHHHMH RÍHJieKTH3MaMH, bh- npaBRaHHMH TeMoio; mpnpaBRa, než Bipni — HacJiiRyBaHHH nojit-CbKoro BÍpniy KoHceHbOBCbKoro : BepXOBHHO, CBÍTKy th Ham! Teö, HK y Te6e TyT mhjio ! .. 3 Bepxa Ha Bepx, a 3 6opy b 6ip 3 jierKOK) b cepni nyMKOio, b nepeci Kpic, b pyKax Tonip, 6yne jieriHb toôokj .. . i KOJiH 6 nnpc jiír 3 xpeÖTa bír i BeRMÍRB UlHÔHyB JIÍCaMH, 3aBÍHB Mr, 3arpaB BecKHR, HepeMom ryKHyB CKaJiaMH: W To MH TO ^aC, TO MH TO niCHb, Moaon^e, Hy ace b po3TBopn! OBe^Dji cnjiaB 3 Kynepefi naicHb i najii, naai Ha ropn! JIítom nijiHM, 6h híh, 6h fleHb, xaomii ryjiaioTb TaM nanii, CBo6iAHa TaM Bona, ořem., HOBOJii Jiica i nami. TaM naH He KJias jiamriroM MeHC, Bopor He cTaHyB cTonoio, — SyŘHaa TaM 3eMjii oneac, njieKaHa nicHen pocoio ... IIopyH noe3ÍH Ycthhhobhh nncaB noBicTÍ. JJpi HaiÍBHnaT-Himi 3 HHX — y KOJKHOMy pa3Í HaHJiinmi 3pa3KH yKpa'ÍHCbKoľ npo3H míjk Kbítkoio Ta KyjiimeM. Oôhhbí MaiOTb ceaaHCbici TeMH. „MecTt BepxoBHmia" — BopoacHe^a nBox napyÔKÍB 3a nm^nnry» aae 3a-míctb Toro, 11106 3acrpeJiHTH cynepmitca b ropax, repoS noßicTH BpHTOBye ůoro Bin, BenMena; „CTpaemiH *ieTBep" — icTopia híbmhhh, aicy 3axonaioK)Tb onpHimcH. ycTHHHOBHM: yMie po3BHBäTH cBoi npocTi ClOJKeTH IUKaBO Ta 3 Han'flTTHM; BHKaan, pÍ3H0MaHÍTHHH: aBTopa, niäoBHx ociô npo MHHyae toiiio. HncjieHHi niaaeKTH3MH BHnpaBnam BepxoBHHCBKHM otohchhhm. CaM aBTop y cBOGMy BHKaan,i He yöe-piracTbca bí/j caoB'aHÍ3MÍB: peicyTb, noHTeHnii, oöcTOHTeabCTBa, „cnycKaTH TOCKaHBy roaoBKy Ha B03n,Hxaioiii.y rpynb" i t. n,. Tapm MaaiOHKH KpaGBHnm: „HeMa Han 3ejieHi cBHTa . . . Broíneni Ha noae — pan! 3eMJia npncTpoGHa b hbíth, KpacycTbca, mob b bíhíií Bin,naHHiia roaca, a jiích 3eaemioTb, hkoöh b cbhtohhhx pH3ax; nojia, 3acÍHHÍ 3oaoTHM 3epHOM, BHnycKaioTb nepniHH kojioc Han.il, a b canax nepeBHHa, oôaaHa bohhhm mojiokom, aac Tarae b cbíh xoaonpTOic"; „CyMHo myMijiH 6opn, mob anxHM tobkch 3ananpBeiib no tíchhx neôpax Ta dhkhx apoBax. JXo nojroHHH yxonHBca rpyÖHH TyMaH, i cím i TaM no Bepxax 3aaar yace CHir TaöopoM Ha CTaae 3HMOBaHHH. He6o npnonjaoca oaoBOM, nicH noHopman, HaBÍTb 3e-aeHa aanna noieMHiaa, 3aiyacHaa. 3 öopiß Konrian rycTi CTynem nHMH, aKÖH niß CBÍTa ropiao. . . TJpHb npoMHHyb, hk roniraa, TCMHa híh aaa npnaaraTH 3eMaio . .. ľlycTo yanmiaoca no Bepxax, ray-XHH tomíh, po3KoancaHHH inyMOM öopiß Ta menoTaMH THcam noTO-kíb, po3aHBca no inaiä npnponi i anme öeOKaHHa Ha Menšena po3-pHBaao 3-nifl noaoHHHH tot cMepreabHHH cyM ocirniboi Ha Bepxo-BHHax Horn ..." P03MOBH noÖpe BHÖynyBaHi. IlepeacHBaHHa niňoBHx ociô 3Ma-aboBaHi npn n,onoM03Í oôpa3ÍB: ,,B moíh rpynn nepecyBaanca 3a- JfJ-8 b'h3kh BCHKoro nyBCTBa, hk ch nepecyBae KopajiHK 3a KopajiHKOM no moBKOBiH HHTni"; „Ha jrane noro ocijia Ha XBHJitKy HeonncaHa m'hkíctb i Tyra, mob Benipmií cyMpaK Ha ycMHpeHe Mope". iHOfli 3aHaa;To Bace poMaHTHnno: „Bor... npocTHB MeHi sa tog neKjio, mo Homy b moí'm cepiri", Tomp. „CTpacHnn neTBep" 36ynoBaHo hk ícto-piK) HeBMOJiHMOi npai („cyabóa"), HKy Hanepen. npoBiinae HaBÍTt COH. „MeCTb BepXOBHHIja" — MopaaicTHHHe onoBinaHHH. yCTHHHO-bhh ae-He-ae Knnac MopaatHi ia peairiirai 3aBBarn, Ta He TaK yace noBepxoBO HaB'a3am a,o onoBinaHHH, hk y Kbítkh. Ajie nncaB bíh i cyTO MopajiicTHHHi, noBnajibHi onoBinaHHH: „Orapnö GcppeM", ne CTapHH CejIHHHH 3-nin. JIbBOBa Ha KÍJIbKOX AGCHTKaX CTOpÍHOK noB- nac aBTopa, jiňme ÍHon,i po3noBÍnaioHH ňoMy HKycb npiirony a6o 6aÖKy; „ZfanycT Bojkhh" — Bace 3aHan.To npHMÍTHBHe — nan Ha-pony! — onoBiaaHHH npo 3Jii BHcainn npoKJibOHÍB. „Hin Ha Bep-acaBi" — rapHHÔ MajiioHOK rip yHoni .„ToaKymeMy 0TBep3eTbca" — MHcreiĺbKHÍí nepeKa3 cnoranJB raannbKoro MHTponojiHTa üxh-MOBHna npo fioro nHTani poKH, Teac He 6e3 „Mopaai". B KoacHOMy pa3i ycTHHHOBHn hk npo3aiK Mae BHflaTHe Miene b yKpaiHCbKiö jii-TepaTypi, xon nnraTH üoro h Tpe6a í3 cjiobhhkom. 4. HeBejiHKa jiiTepaTypHa cnafluniHa íhuihx noeriß rajranbKoI pOMäHTHKH. ÍIkÍB TOJIOBailbKHH HanHcaB jiňme KijibKa Bipmiß ni-ceHHoro rany, 3 Mopaaaio „xto npainoG, ope, cie, toh i naoniß ch Hanic", aöo: Jlynne njiHCTH noTHXOHbKHM Ta neBHeHbKHM xohom, OÖMHHaTH OCTpOBOHbKH, KaMiHHH H KOaOHH. Bíh naB i nepecnÍBH cepÖcbKHX niceHb 3 nncaeHHHMH nmJieKTH3-MaMH Ta npo3aÍHHÍ nepeKa3H Ka30K Ta HaponHHx aHeKnoT. IßaH Ba-THJieBHn Jiňme nonaB BipnioBaHHMH öananiHHHMH onoBinaHHHMH („Manen", „SKyjiHH Ta KaaHHa"). BaOKOBa npo3a oóox yßecb nac 3pHBaGTbCH Ha CTapy CTOKKy CJIOB'HHm,hhh. TaK CaMO BÍpiHi AHTOHa MoraabHHiĺbKoro (1811-73), cepen. hhx ranoßi naHeripHHHi, Ta He-3aKÍHneHa äoro noeMa „Ckht MaHHBCbKHÍí''; Teac noeMH „Kohiohihh" (1853) „Eyß Typ BceBoaon" (1860) E. .ZJinHnbKoro. CnojiyneHHH BlHaeKTHOrO 3a6apBaeHHH 3 Ca0B'HHÍ3MaMH CTaBHTb i'x TBopnicTb ocTopoHb Bip tígí jiíhí'í MOBHoro po3BHTKy, Ha HKy CTaaa raanubKa noe3ÍH nÍ3HÍme, b nacn „peaaÍ3My". B noBHin JiÍTepaTypi i iii TBopn MorjiH 6 3HaäTH co6i Miene. 5. 3obcím ocTopoHb jiÍTepaTypHoro po3BHTKy 3ajiHniHjiacb Bin. íhhihx nacTHH yKpalHH -— yKpai'Ha niflKapnaTCbKa. HenficjieHHi ii nHCbMeHHHKH He fliHUIJIH i HO 3p03yMÍHHH 3HaneHHH HaHiioHaabHoi 419 MOBH. MoJKJIHBO, 111,0 HKÍCB HOTH pOMEHTHKH 03HBaK>TBCH BJKe B n.e- hkhx 3 He^HCJieHHHx (18) BÍpniÍB BacHJin TJjoBroBHHa (hhb. VI, r. 6). 3HaBeiiB 3axin,HBoi KyjiBTypn, Hanp. KaHTa, JJpBroBHH Mir paHiine, amac rajiH^aHH, b yropcBKOMy otohchhí hiocb noBinaTHCH npo HOBy poMaHTHHHy noe3iio. Ajie b öoro HacjiiayBaHHHX Hapon,-HHX niceHB BajKKo ßaHHTH hiocb öijibine, amac noeTHHHi rpaniKH me KJiHCHMHoro THny. Bes cyMHißy 3b*H3aHHÖ 3 rajraiiBKOio po-MaHTHKOK) OjieKcannep JJyxHOBHH (1803-64) rnniie injiKOM Mirna-hok> MOBOK), ajie b öoro BÍprnax myiíi BÍn,roMÍH i HauioHajiBHHx i nCHXOJIOrÍHHHX MOTHBÍB rajIHHBKOÍ pOMaHTHKH: H PycHHt ôbijtb, ecMt h 6yn,y, H pOnHJICH PyCHHOMt, HecTHBiH moh pon.'B He 3a6yfly, ocTaHycb ero cbihomt> ; PyCHHTj öbijtb moh OTeiTB, MaTH, pyecKaa bch ponHHa, PyCHHBI cecTpBi h SpaTBi h iHHpoKa HpyHCHHa; BejIHKÍH MOH pOfl-b h rJiaBHBIH, Mipy eCTB COBpeMeHHiH, nyXOMt h CHJIOBO CJiaBHBIH, bcbm-b HapoflaM-b npieMHBiu... A60: TopBKO CTeHH, pBinaio, CKOpÔJHO Ha CaMOTHOCTB, h ceö Macb npoKJiHHaio yofcriny cbooohhoctb ... A60: nonyBaii BÍTpHKy, nonyBao JieroHBKo, HaÖ moh MHJIGHBKa CnO^IHHe THXOHBKO. /ÍBHrHHCH nenajiBHo b rjiyôoKio Hcajioöi, He jnepsaií bíhth Ha en qopHiM rpoöi... IIpH MHJieHBKOH rpoÔi HMy icKoniTe, COCXHyTOG tíjio npH híh norpeoÍTe ... 420 ... JX& KajK/jira yBHn.ii HepHOBHH TOO nOKpOB, CKaaceT noHtajiyn: ce TyT jieaíHTt, jiioöob. Hobíthíh npaBonnc, hk ôaHHMo Ha ocTamibOMy ypHBKy, 3HaHH0 Ha-ÖJiHHiae MOBy BipuiiB no HaponHoi. Ajie n,e He 3aBJKflH mohcjihbo, 60 jHyxHOBHH BipuiyG i TaK: P03y JHOOHXt, yBecejiHxt Bsopij MOH eK) HeBHHHO, Bcerna UBfcjia, BecejiHjia BCe OHeHbKO JHOÖHMO . . . B Bipuiax 3ÔipHHKÍB, hk Hanp. ,,no3n,paBJieHie PycHHOB-b" (1852 p.) aôo ÍHLUHX me 3 60-x poKÍB MaeMO MHMajio 3 thhobkmh poMaHTHn-HHMH MOTHBaMH: HauioHajibHHM (piflHa MOBa — aBTopaM 3He6ÍJIb-uia He HCHO, HKa eaMe) Ta MejiHHxojiiÖHHM (Tyra 3a noMepjiHMH). Ajie MOBHi BJiacTHBocTi Ta HeBHcoKa noeTHHHa BapTicTb BipuiiB He naiOTb Im npaBa Ha Micue b 3arajibHÍH icTopií yKpaiHCBKoí jiiTepa-Typn: bohh HajiencaTb no CKJianHoi MicueBoi Tpan.hh.ii. 6. ÍIonaBuiHCL me nepen. Khibcbkoio poMaHTHKOio, poMaHTHHHa noe3ÍH 3axinHix 3eMeJiB cKopo BBiöpajia b ce6e mchbí bohh noe3ÍI HaHÖijibiHoro noeTa yKpaiHcbKoi poMaHTHKH — HleBHenKa. Ha bía-míhhíh aojii rajiHiibKoi Ta niflKapnaTCbKoi poMaHTHKH MoaceMO 6a- HHTH, OCKijIbKH nOJlÍTHnHÍ yMOBHHH BnJIHBajIH TaM Ha p03BÍH JlÍTe- paTypH, JliTepaTypHa TajinnnHa nepe3 KijibKa necHTHJiiTb CTae b pi-BeHb 3 JiiTepaTypoK» HaßHHinpHHCbKOio; ninKapnaTTH Ha noBri n,e-chthjiítth B3arajii BHnanae 3 icTopii yKpaiHCbKoi JiiTepaTypn. rajiHn,bKa poMaHTHKa Mae neBHi pncn, hkí np3BOJiHiOTb HaM 11 36JIH3HTH 3 CneU,H(pÍHHO aBCTpiÖCbKHMH JlÍTepaTypHHMH TeniHMH („öinepMaep"). Ajie jienBe hh BapTo bhii.íjihth i"i b oKpeMHÖ HanpnM yKpaiHCbKoi jiiTepaTypH (nHB. EKCKypc V). JX' KiiiBCbKa poMaHTHKa 1. JJpyrHM oceperjiKOM poMaHTHHHoro pyxy 3poÖHBCH b nojio-bhhí 40-x pokíb Khib, yHÍBepcHTeT, 3acHOBaHHH 1834 p., nonaB 3öh-paTH b CBo'ix CTiHax yKpaiHCbKy Mojioflb. nepuiHH peKTop, (pijioco- CpÍHHHH pOMaHTHK MaKCHMOBHH (3 1834 p.) 3yMÍB BHKOpHCTaTH CBOG CTaHOBHiue HJiH OHCHBjieHHH ninjibHocTH Ha nojii yKpai*H03HaBCTBa, MHxaôjio MaKCHMOBHH (1804-73), iup nonaB cbok> HayKOBy njanb- Jf21 híctl y Mockbí jik npHpono3HaBeij;b Ta poMaHTHHHHií (piaococp, npn-6ÍHHHK poMaHTHHHoi (piaococpii IIIejiJiÍHťa, b Khgbí noKa3aB ce6e HeBTOMHHM flocainHHKOM yKpaíHCbKoi CTapoBHHH Ta nepenycÍM eTHO-rpacpiií, Han aKoio bíh CTapaHHO npairiOBaB b Mockbí. Horo 36ipKH niceHb 1827, 1834, 1848 p. HaaeataTb no HaHjiiniuHX Ta m a jih Bean-KHÔ BnjiHB Ha poMaHTHHHy jíiTepaTypy. Bíh TpHMaeca, monpaßna, ,,pocÍHCbKo-yKpai*hce.Koro" norjiflfly, npnnycKaiOHH yKpaiÍHCbKy MOBy jiHiiie rjih. neBHHx jíiTepaTypHHX raTyHKÍB Ta naa 3axinHBo'í YKpa- ÍHH, Jj;e BÍKHTOK pOCÍHCbKOl MOBH H6M0HíaHBHH HepC3 He3HäHHH Tí. JlHHie nÍ3HÍine bíh BnnaB yKpamcbKHH nepeKaan ,,CaoBa o noaKy IropeBÍ" (1857) Ta ncaaMÍB (1859) i KÍabKa BÍpiHÍB, KÍabKa 6yao BnnaHo 3Í enaflmHHH. MaKCHMOBHH 3Hae nepeBaaíHo flBa noaiocn noeTHHHOi mobh — BHCOKy 3 n,epKOBHocaoB'aHÍ3MaMH Ta HapoaHy. •Hkocb ocTopoHb Bia poMaHTHKH CTOiTb HeBcaHKa Ta He nyate HlHHa noeTHana cnanmHHa uboro (piaococpi^Horo poMaHTHKa. OaHonacHo (b 30-40-x pp.) nepeacHBae neBHHÖ hobhh po3kbít KniBCbKa J\y-xoBHa AKaaeMia, 3pecpopMOBaHa 3i 3HHineHHaM CTapHx TpaflHuiH, aae Tenep 3axonaeHa cyaacHHM cpiaococphmuM pyxoM (reťeab Ta nonacTH cbiaococpia poMaHTHKH 3 HleaamťoM Ha noai). 2. y 40-x poKax y Khgbí 3ÍHinaHca KocTOMapoB, rnp CTaB TaM npocpecopoM ymBepcHTeTy, Kyaim, IHeB^eHKo, hkhh yate 6yB aBTO-poM ,,KoÔ3apa" (1840) Ta caaBeTHHM noeTOM, Ta KÍabKa CTyneH-tíb, mp ne saaHHiHaH BH3HanHoro cainy b iCTopii yKpaiHCbKoi' aÍTe-paTypn, aae čepen aKHX 6yan n,ÍKäBÍ Ta opHrmaabHi nocTaTÍ, 30Kpe-Ma M. TyaaK (1822-99) Ta B. Biao3epcbKHŮ (1825-99). „KniBCbKa Moaoniac. .. 6yaa ranöoKO npocßineHa Cbhthm nncbMOM, — up 6yaa MoaonÍHc bhcokoí hhctoth nyxoBHoí", — nncaB nÍ3HÍHie Ky-jiini; B. Biao3epcbKHH 3naBaBca neKOMy „nyTeBonHOio 3opeio no BicpaiGMy": „aHroabCbKHH MHp nynii, coaonKa po3MOBa — o6pa3 acHTTa hhcthh i b HaHBHiHiH CTenem npaBenHHH, noeTHHHe 3axon-aeHHH i ni^abmcTb cyTO-npaKTHHHa, atBaBa i 6e3nepepHBHa, — i Han yciM ithm — naaMeHHa aioöoß no XpncTa!" XpncTHaHCTBo KH3H cnoayaaaoca 3 cpiaoco(pÍHHOK) poMaHTHKoio: Ha HbOMy uiaaxy Ixhím npoßinHHKOM 6yB npocp. AKaneMii, pamine i ymBepcHTeTy pociaHHH n. Abcghgb (1810-53), mo 30KpeMa 3axonaiOBaBca xpnc-THaHCbKOio mícthkok) Ta poMaHTHHHOK) ncHxoaorÍGio (IHeaamr, HoBaaic, I\ T. HlyoepT íí íh.). Bíh nacTo 3ycTpiBaBca 3 Biao3ep-cbKHM, TyaaKOM, O. MapKOBHneM, no3HHaB im khhhíkh, aae Haň-ôiabuie BnaHBaB Ha hhx ocoöhcthmh po3MOBaMH. J\o cpiaocotpin- HOl poMaHTHKH npHGnHyBaaOCb HHTaHHa pOMaHTHHHOl KpacHoi' aiTepaTypH, a 30KpeMa yKpaiHCbKoľ Haponnoi" caoBecHocTH (36ipKH MaKCHMOBHHa, Cpe3HeBCbKoro) Ta caoB'aHOCpiabCbKo'i aÍTepaTypn. npoöaeMa ,,Hau,ioHaabHoro nyxa" Mycnaa b cBÍTai hhx nyxoBHX 422 njKepeji HaÖpaTH HOBoro 3a6apBJieHHH: TaGMHHHJ jiioncBKoi flymi, Te, mp „HaKpecjieHe b cepui Bojkhí'm nepcToM", HaÜTicHiuie 3b'h-3aHi 3 nyxoBoio ghhíctk) BCboro Hapony. A im nyxOBa enmcTB b yKpaÍHHJB, a MOH-ce i cjiob'hh B3arajii, HaÜTicHiuie 3B'H3aHa 3 xpnc-THHHCTBOM. JJpjiH yKpamcBKoro Hapony 3b'S3aHa 3 pejiiriÖHHM Bin.-ponjKeHHHM. „XpHCTHHHCbKa i HayKOBa" nponoBiflB cepen. „naHÍB yKpaÍHCBKux" Mycujia npuBecTH np po3B'H3aHHH i hojiíthhhhx i co-hjhjibhhx npoÖJieM. MaöyTB, g TyT npHKi BinryKH i xpHCTHHHCBKoro conJHJiÍ3My KOJiuuiHBoro (ppaHuy3BKoro „peaKiijoHepa" („TpanHHÍo-HajiicTa") JlHMeHe i nojiBCBKux Temň iiboro Tímy. B npoTHJie>KHÍCTB np poMauTH^Horo 3axonjieHHíi cTapoBHHOio xapKÍB'íiH, mp He nyjKe npHnHBJífljiHCH np MafiôyTHBoro Ta He 6a- HHJIH B HBOMy HľTOrO, KpÍM HeHCHOrO yKpaiHCBKO-CJIOB'HHCBKOrO „BiflpORJKeHHH", flJIH KHHH HKpa3 MaÖßyTHG CTaC OCHOBHHM MOTHBOM CBiTorjiHfly: ,,XpHCTOBa pejiirin najia cbítobí hobhh mo-pajiBHHH flyx. .. CnacHTejiB BinKpHB JiioncTBy jiioôob, MHp i cbo-6ony, pÍBHÍCTB 3jih Bcix i 6paTepcTBo HaponJB — hobí ujni, BKa3am HapOflaM H.JIH 3HÍHCHeHHH b HHX Be.JIHKOl inei JHOnCBKOÍ GHHOCTh", npöpo yKpaiHH MOJKJiHBe jiHiue ,,npH BHnoBHeHHBD sanoBÍTy Hanioro 6oMcecTBeHHoro CnacHTejín", yci noBHHHi ctphmíth np „3nÍHCHeHHH BoHco'i npaBflH, np .. . naHy b a hh h cboöohh, öpaTepcbKoi jiioöobh i HapoflHBoro npopoÓyTy" (Bijio3epcBKHÍi). „ITpoKHHyTBCH. . . cjio-b'hhcbkí HapoflH. .. npaBna i píbhíctb 3anaHyiOTB" (KocTOMapoB). npnpoHHG 6yjio yTBopeHHH opraHÍ3aiiji 3 hjgio njíHTCpopMoio — „KHpHJio-MeTonjÍBCBKoro öpaTCTBa", — inen HajieJKHTB, MaßyTB, Ty- JiaKOBÍ. TOBapHCTBO — pOMaHTHnHO-XpHCTHHHCBKe 3 TaGMHHHHMH oôpnnaMH, aöeTKOio, ÍKOHaMH, oôpyHKaMH, npoicHyBajio HenpBro. B>Ke Ha nonaiKy 1847 p. njieniB ňoro 3aapeuiTOBaHo. Ajie kopotkhh nepion, ňoro icHyBaHHH npnmc HeMaJii jiiTepaTypHi Ta inpojiorinm rnionn. KniBCBKa poMaHTHKa me npoHíeBpijia njne npcHTHniTTH. HeHT-pOM ľi ho 1850 p. 6yB npocp. Teopii* jiiTepaTypn M. Kocrap, a b 1850-4 Horo HacTynHHK, A. MeTjiHHCBKHH, mp nepeĚHiOB cionn 3 XapKOBa. Ajie i'x cjiyxani, mp KynnHJiHct naBÍTt y rypTKH kojio KocTHpn, híhhm ce6e Ha nojii yKpamcbKoi jiiTepaTypn He bhhbhjih. 3. IneojiorinHy nporpaMy KHpHJio-MeTonji'BHJB nonaB TBip, hkq-ro aBTopoM 6yB KocTOMapoB: „KmirH 6htíh yKpai'HCtKoro Hapony". „Kaum" HanncaHi b 6i6jiÍHHOMy cthjií, hk nncajiHCH nonjôm ícto-piococpinm TBopn Ha 3axonj Ta b cjiob'hh (MiiíKeBHn, IIlTyp; mp „Kmírn" g HacjiiflyBaHHHM HaM HeBinoMoi „HanjmicTpHHKH", hk 3a-neBHHB KocTOMapoB jKaHflapMÍB, flyJKe cyMHÍBHo). „KmirH" no-flaiOTB cnepmy KapTHHy cbítoboi icTopii hk HaKpecjienoro BoroM HiJiHxy np cnaciHHH: „Bor co3naB cbít i nocTäHOBHB, m,oQ KOJKHe Jf2S kojiího i KOíKHe njieMeHO myKaao Bora, kotphh on. nojioBÍKa He-najieKO, i noKJiOHHjiHca 6h SoMy bcí aione i BipyBaan y floro, i jik>-ôhjih 6 floro, i 6yjiH 6 bcí iuacaHBi". IcTopia, onHane, CTajia 3a-HenanoM u;boro Boacoro 3aKOHy, ajie ,,3MHJiyBaBct. rocnonb, OTen,b HeÔecHHÔ Han. ponpM ^ojiobíhhm i nocjiaB Ha 3eMJiio CHHa CBoro, inp6 noKa3aTt aionaM Bora, Djapa i IlaHa. I npHÖuiOB Chh Eohíhh Ha 3eMJiK>, mp6 ohkphth aionaM icTHHy, mp6 Taa icTHHa CBOOonnaa pon, HoaoBÍHHH". Ajie i nicaa XpHCTa nponpBJKyeTijC.ii ninynan,: „Kopojii" Ta „nann" 3aMÍHioiOTb Baan,y XpncTa cbogio BaacHoio, (ppamiy3bKa peBoaioiiia e noMHJiKa, 6o ,,HeMa cboÖohh 6e3 XpHCTO-boí Bipn". CaoB'HHH 3o6paacyioTbca b npyrifl noaoEind „KHHr", hk cnan-kogmijí „napcTBa Boaíoro"; aae h bohh He BimpaBnaaH ceóe, oBa-paHHca Miac co6ok> Ta nepeÖMaiGHH Bee 3 3axony. Illnpnie 3Maabo-BaHa icTopia yKpai'HH Ta n noHeBoaeHHH. Bnxin. y TOMy, inp „ícthh caaß'HHHH" (b ÍHUioMy míci^í „ícthh yKpa'ÍHei;b") ,,He aioÓHTb hí napa, hí naHa, a aioÖHTb i naM'aTae onHoro Bora — Iicyca XpncTa". „Kimm" 3aKÍH^ye poMaHTHHHa KapTHHa „BÍn.ponaíeHHa'', aóo ,jiob-CTaHHH 3 MepTBHx", y Kpa'ÍHH'. „Jleaarrb b Mornai yKpaiHa", ,,I BCTaHe yKpama 3 cbogí Mornan i 3H0By 030Berbca ho bcíx 6paTÍB cboí'x ..." He annie ineoaori^Ho, a h aiTepaTypHo nefi TBip Kaane nin.-BäJiHHH naa HKorocb hoboto MafiöyTHboro. Bíh nponpBaíye Tpa- flHU;ÍlO XapKÍBCLKHX pOMäHTHKÍB, iupao yKpaiHCbKOl MOBH „Kmirn" po3paxoBaHi, 6e3yMOBHo, i Ha HHTana ,,3 Hapony", aae 3aMÍCTb ,,npocTan;bKoi" mobh Kbíthhhhx ancTiB (VI. JX. 5), öynyiOTbca Ha „BHCOKOMy" 6i6aÍHHOMy CTHai. 4. Aae yKpamcbKa MOBa HOBoro THny Bace icnyBaaa i no3a XapKÍBCbKOK) pOMaHTHKOK). I BaaCHe noeTHHHi TBOPH HHMäJIO cnpHH- JiH hk He BHpoôaenHio CBÍToraany 6paTHHKÍB, to floro yKpinaeHHio, enpnaan i i'x ßipi b Maflöyrae yKpaiHH. Hp 6yaa noe3Ía remaabHoro noeTa — Tapaca IHeB^eHKa. Kyjiiiu nncaB nÍ3HÍuie: „Ha IHeB-HeHKa B3Hpaao ÔpaTTe, aK Ha aKHHCb HeöecHHÖ csiTHabHHK, i ce 6yB noraan, npaBnHBHH.. . ", „My3a HleB^eHKa po3pHBaaa 3aßicy naponHboro acHTTa" — nnuie KocroMapoB: „I CTpauiHo, i coaonKo, i ÔoaicHo, i HapißHO 6yao 3araaHyTH Tynn! . . TapacoBa My3a npo-pBaaa HKHÔcb nin3eMHHÍí 3aKaen Bace KiabKa bíkíb 3aMKHeHHH 6a-raTbOMa 3aMKaMH, 3aneHaTaHHfi 6araTbOMa nenaTHMH". HleBMeHKo (1814-61) nonaB nncara Bipnii me b neTep6yp3Í Koao p. 1837 Ta 1840 p. BHnaB 36ipKy 8 noe3Íä nin. Ha3B0K> „Ko63ap", 1841 noeMy „raflnaMaKH", oônnBa TBopn pa30M 1844 p., OKpeMi Bipnii ApyKOBano mp no 36ipmiKax neTep6yp3bKHX Ta xapKiBCbKHx. HpoTaroM naabninx Tpbox pokíb, nepeöyBaioHH Ha yKpai'm, HleB- aeHKo mnroTOBjíHG pyKonnc „Tpn jíiTa" Ta 1847 p. 36npaGTbca BHnycTHTH npnoBHeHe BHnaHHa ,,Ko63apa". ApeniT noeTa Ta nepnii poKH „coanaTHHHH" Ha 3acaaHHÍ no 1850 p., a nc-TiM ocTaHHi poKH híhtth no noBopoTi (1857-61) IIIeBaeHKO „Mepeacae" Bipmi flaai i 1860 p. TaKH BHnae HaHOBO ,,Ko63apa", npnaBími no Htoro Te 3 hobo-HanucaHHX BipmiB, mo np3FoaHjra n,eH3ypa. /laabini BHnaHHa „Koösapa", 30KpeMa npa3bKe BHnaHHa 1874 p., naBaan 3aBacn.h hobí Bipiui, aae noKH BnnaHHH 1907, 1908, 1910 p. He noaaan noBHHií TeKCT yeix noe3Ífi IIIeBaeHKa. Aae npan,io Han, fioro TeKCTaMH He 3aKÍHaeHO h hhhí. 5. IIoe3Ía IIIeBaeHKa cnpapviaa Ha 6paTaHKÍB Ta fi B3araai Ha MHTaaiB Toro aacy (He BHKaioaaioaH i CTaporo noKoaiHHH) Bean-ae3He BpaaceHHH. Ile 6yao moob n,iaKOM HOBe, BeaeTeHCbue, BeaHKO-pnce — He anine 3míctom, aae fi dpopMoio. Jlenße an noeT Miř 6h BHKaHKaTH TäTiHH nepeBopoT, 3HaHTH TaKe 3araabHe BH3HaHHH, aKÖH hg Han3BHHařhí noeTHaHi BaacTHBocTi BipuiiB IIIeBaeHKa, aKÖH bíh 6yB noeTOM dpopMaabHo n.pyropanHHM. IIoeTHaHi hkoctí noe3Ífi IIIeBaeHKa 6e3 cyMHÍBy noaacTH 3y-MOBaeHi HOrO ÍHTHMHHMH 3B'a3KaMH 3 HaponHOK) noe3ÍGio. Bo bíh He npocTo nepeeniBye HaponHÍ ni hí, a tbophtb niem, b gctbí CBOGMy Haponm. Bíh He anme maaxoM 3ÔHpaHHa Hanöaß CKap6 HaponHoí noeTHKH, hí! MoBa HaponHoí noe?ii hí6h öoro npnponHa MOBa. HaeaMnepea naaeacHTb n,e ',Ka3aTH npo pHTMÍKy öoro BipuiÍB. Mh 6aanaH, mp Bace nHCbMemn^H KaacHU,H3My noaacTH Hacainy-K)Tb pHTMÍKy HaponHoí nicHÍ. IIIeiaeHKO fine naai. y Hboro g cnpoÖH HHcaTH po3MÍpaMH, mp 3HaňoMÍ ROMy 3 nonepenHboi yKpa'ÍHCbKOi Ta pocificbKoí noesii. Aae bíh nepexonHTb no TnnoBHx HaponHHx ni-eeHHHx po3MÍpÍB: KoaoMHHKOBoro: 8a. 86. 8b. 66*: HaHByTb co6i cnißaioan; — ' — ' — '-- Mope BÍTep aye. ' —' — ' — rionepeny TaMaaia — '----' — ôafinaKOM Kepye ... --' — ' — Ta KoaanKOBoro: 10a. 10a. 106. 106: 3 TpyöanaoM AabTa míhc ocokoio — ' — ' — /---' — 3ÍfimaHCb 3'enHaaHCb, mob 6paT 3 cecTpoio, — ' — ' — / — ' — ' — i Bee re, Bce Te panyc oai, — ' —' — / '--' — a cepn,e naaae, raaHyTb He xoae ... — ' —' — / '--' — *) JJ,n ň n&jiuii ,,(J)opMyjiH" xapaKTepH3yH>Tb cTpcxpH BipmiB: hhcjio BH3Ha-iac KOJKHoro pa3y tciJibKicTb cKJia#íb y psflicy, jíiTepn ,,a, 6, b" -— phmh. BejiHKi jiiTepH („a, b, b...") BH3Ha^aioTB tek 3Bam „mojiobí^í phmh" (Harojioc Ha oc-TaHHboiwy cKJia^i), MaJii — „jkího^í phmh" (Harojioc Ha nepeflocTaHHboiwy cKJia-Ai), jiixepH 3 pHCKOio („a', 6', b'...") — „aaKTHjiiqm phmh" (Harojioc Ha TpeTbOMy CKJiafli bí a KÍHU.H pHflKa). 425 IHeBHeHKo BinMOBjifleTBCH bír u;ijiKOM npaBHjiBHoro nepryBaHHH Ha-roJiociB y Bipini (hk ne 3a pociöcbKOio noe3ieio poÔHB KoTJiapeB-cbkhh). BiflnoBÍRHO flo 3aK0HÍB yicpamcLKoro HapoRHoro Bipniy y IIIeBHeHKa nepryBaHHH HarojiociB 3HaHHO Biabniine — pHTMÍHHy orhhhitío yTBopioiOTB He 2 HH 3 CKJianH, a nianfi párok*. Ajie ko- aOMHHKOBHH Ta KOaHRKOBHH pHTM He GRHHÍ pHTMH, IUO mh ÍX 3y-CTpinaeMO b IIIeBHeHKOBHX BÍpHlaX. BÍH 3ajIK)6kh 3MÍHI0G Ta BapiioG Bipxn b TOMy caMOMy TBopi (nop. öaraTCTBo phtmíb y „raMajiiií"), a 30KpeMa poÖHTb cnpoôn 3 HaiipÍ3HoMaHÍTHÍniHMH pHTMaMH, Hanp., y nynoBHx nicHax, mo bíh ix nnnie b Ka3eMaTi a6o 3anncyG ro ,,3a- XajIHBHHX KHHHíeHOK" Ha 3acjiaHHi: \ Oä oRHa a ORHa, 6a. 76. 6B. 76 Sík önaHHOHKa b noai, Ta He naß Mem Bor am inacTH, hí Roai.. . rioHan. noaeM ine, 6A, 6A, 86, 86, 5A He noKocH Kaane, He noKOCH Kaaae — ropn! CTorHe 3eMaa, CTorHe Mope, CTorae Ta ryfle! Oh, cTpine^Ka ro CTpine^kh — 8a'. 8a'. 86. 86. Mepeacaio Tpn HmeHbKH, MepeacaK), BnmnBaio, — y HeRiaio noryaaio ... Hk6h MeHi nepeBHKH, 8a. 8a. 5B. 8b. 8b. 5B. to nimaa 6 a Ha My3HKH, — ropeHbKO mog! HepeBHKÍB HeMac, a My3HKa rpaG, rpac, acaaio 3aBRac! . . I 6araTa a, 5A. 5A. 56. 5A i BpoRaHBa a, Ta He Maw co 6i napn — 6e3TaaaHHa a! .. riopoRHaa MeHe Mara 8a. 8a. 5B. 8b. 8b. 5B y BHCOKHX y naaaTax, moBKOM noBnaa. *) 3acjiyra BiflKpHTTH Hapo^Horo xapaKTepy Bipmy HleBHeHKa HaJiescHTi. CT. CliaHB-CTOIĺbKOMy. y 30ji0tí, OKCaMHTÍ, mob Ta KBÍTOHKa yiipma, pocjia a, pocaa ... Oô, He n'iOTbCH nHBa, Mean, 8A. 5B. 8b. 5B He n'eTtca Bona; npHKJiiOHHJT.acb 3 HyManeHbKOM y CTeny 6iaa .. . OS niiHjia a y ap 3a Bonpio, 10a. 10a. 66. 66. 7b\ 66 aac TaM Mnann ryaac 3 npyroio. A Taa npyraa, posay^HHua 3aaa — ôaraTaa cycinoHbKa, BflOBä Moaonaa... y nepeTHKy xon,naa 8a. 46. 8a. 46. 8b. 8b. 46 no opixn, MiponiHHKa noaioönaa naa noTixn MeabHHK Meae, mepeTyc, oöepHeTbca, non;iaye — naa noTixn .. . i t. n,. Aae n,e öaraTCTBo phtmíkh ine He Bee. BaacHa My3HHHÍCTb BipmÍB IIIeBHeHKa noaarae in,e i b ÍHinoMy. Phmh IUeBHeHKa nyace naaeno BinxonaTb Bia, nonepenHboí Tpa-n,Hniľ yKpaiHCbKo'i phmh, 3a ghhhhm bhhhtkom BipmÍB CKOBoponH (nnB. V. B. 7). Bo i 6apoKKOBe, i KaacHHHe, i poMaHTHHHe yKpam-CbKe BÍpniyBaHHa cTpnMiao, hk i Bipnii 3axin,Hbo'i noe3ÍI Ta cycinis yKpai'hh, aaTH b o6ox caoBax, mp pnMyiOTbca, noBHy TOToacHÍCTb 3a-KÍHHeHHa: KyHae :: enÍBaG, rpomi :: míxohouií, nnra :: po6hth, Mara: rna/ra, npacHTb: :cHn.HTb i t. n,. IIIeBneHKo pimyne nopHBae 3 nicio TpaflKL^GK) Ta, Ěnynn no neBHo'i Mipn 3a HaponHoio nicHeio, a no-nacTH i HaB'a3yiOHH cbíh Bipni np Tpafliniii öapoKKOBoi noe3ÍI, xoh 6h anme n,yxoBHHx niceHb, a Moace h CKOBopo^n (,,Ta h cnncyio CKOBopoay a6o 'Tpn napic co napiť..."), naG 3aMÍCTb noBHol to-ToacHOCTH TiabKH HenoBHy noaiÖHicTb 3aKÍHaeHb — npaici 3ByKH annie noniöm, aae He tí caMi. HleBaeHKo pnMyc: BÍKa: :KaaÍKy, niB-HaTa::MaTH, KpaiHH: :noMOBHHy, xaTÍ::6paTa, BnpBo: :po3MOBy, My-Ko: :pyKH, nycTHHa: ^omobhhh, 6poBH: iMOBy, MOBy: :ni6poBH: :caoBO i t. n.. A6oac oflHe 3 3aKÍHaeHb Mae 3anBnn 3ByK, Mac Ha 3ByK 6iab-nie; TaKi phmh 3pin.Ka 3ycTpÍBaancb b 6apoKKOBnx BÍpniax: niflKpaancb: ryKpaan, Moanaacb:: BHHaa, Mornan: :MaaocnabHHH, py-max: rBKpama, po3pynHye: :cyMyeni, KaňnaHn: :noraHHH, TeMHH- H,HX: '.BflOBHIKí, flÍTHCb I tflÍTH, TpHCHJIO:-.BKpHJIOCB, nifl THHOM::xaTH- HH, cxopoHHJia: :>KypHjiacB i t. 3. A60 cnojiynyc oôhjibí 3míhh, — i oflHH 3ByK íhihhh Ta i onne 3aKÍHneHHH Mae me 3aÖBHH sByK: YKpaiHo: :rHHeiH, uiynae: :niflpocTaiOTb, Hafliio: :peBÍjin, pyKH: :bh-cokhh, HeBOJii: rnojieM. A60, Hapeiim, bíamíhhoctí míjk oöoMa 3a-KÍHHeHHííMH pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍ, ajie neBHe cnÍB3BynnH mh Bce m, nycMo: CTorHe: rnpoxojiOHe, njiaTa: :njiaKaTB, kopmhjiom : :xbhjiíix, cmík> nHCB::cKpÍ3B i t. jj. iHOfli 3MÍHIOGTBCH Harojioc: Kpáio: :naiÖTB, one-péT: :BenépaTB i t. fl. I „HenoBHi phmh" He jranie BímanKOBi, a Hafl-3BHnaHHo pacm b Bipinax IIIeBneHKa. MojKe 3flaTHCH, mp TaKa „HeTonHicTb" aôo „HenoBHOTa" phmh 3acjia6jiiOG BpajKeHHH Bifl BipuiiB. H,e He Tau! üonepine, HenoBHi PHMH naiOTB UleBHeHKOBi MOJKJIHBÍCTB yHHKHyTH TÍG1 OnHOMaHÍTHO- CTH phmh, jíKa nocTae nepes nacTnii yjKHTOK thx caMHx rpaMa- th^HHX (pOpM, UK pHMH y KoTJiapeBCbKOrO'. MOTOpHHH: :npOBOpHHH, flaB: :HaKHBaB, tpohhujíb: :jiaHi^ÍB, a6o — 3 caivroro IHeBneHKa: ry-jiHJiH: :cnÍBajiH, 3Hae: :HiKaHflH6a6, MJiijia: :HÍMÍjia, TopÔHHa: :nnTHHa, HÍJKeHíiTa: :flÍBHaTa, CTaporo: :tobcto:to i t, n. Phmh HleBneHKa CTa-k>tb nepe3 ne HecnofliBamnii, opHríHajibHiini, „öaraTrui". Hj.KaBo, mp pocificbKe BipinyBaHHa 3flÍHCHHJio Taný caMy pecpopMy Bipuiy Ha nonaTKy 20 ct., 60 pokíb no IIIeBneHKOBi, a Bnepme TaKHx pHM nonaB nacTime BJKHBaTH b flpyriíí nojiOBHHi 19 Brny A. Tojictoh, mo 3HaB i yKpaÍHCbKy HapoflHy nicHio i yKpamcbKy noe3ÍK>. — Ajie IHeBneHKo h;íjikom BHBajKyG Ty BTpaTy cnÍB3BynH0CTH, inp npnHO-CHTb Í3 C060K) HenoBHa pnMa, nie ä íhhihmh niJijixaMH. Ilonepnie, BÍH Hafl3BHnaHHO pHCHO BJKHBaG „BHyTpmiHbOl pHMH", CeÖTO pHMH muk pÍ3HHMH cjiOBaMH Toro caMoro paflKa (BHyTpiniHio pHMy 3Hajia, 30 peni, poMaHTH^Ha 6ajian,a B3arajii). TaMaJiia! cepn;e mjiíg ... GCTb y MeHe aíth, Ta fle Ix nofliTH... ycioflH, ae jiK>a.H .. . Toň Mypyc, Ton pyÖHyG . . . i H,apaTa, i cTapnaTa ... míjk apaMH, Hafl cTaBaMH, He flBi Honi Kapi oni... XTO cnHTaG, npHBÍTaG... a THM nacoM cnni bhohí .,. npojíiTaiOTb, 3aÖHpaK3Tb Bce floöpo 3 C060K)... If28 i CBHTäJI TBOfl cjiaBa UK IIHJIHHa JIHHe ... cnn, ^ÍHrpHHe, Hexafi rnHyTB y Bopora n,íth! Cnn, reTBMaHe, noKH BCTaHe npaBna Ha cím cbítí ! . . 6a6yceHBKO, roayöoHBKo, CKaHÍH, 60 TH 3HaeiH, — xoae pjaTH MeHe MaTH 3a CTaporo 3aMiai . . . I na „BHyTpiiHHH pHMa" y IIIeBaeHKa He BnnanKOBa pnea oKpeMHX pa^kíb hh BipiHÍB, - hü Ufi CHCTeMaTHHHO BJKHTHH 3aCÍ6 npHCH- aHTH Ty cnÍB3ByaHÍCTb, HKy noaacTH BTpaaeHO aepe3 HenoBHy pHMy. Aae IIIeBaeHKo 3Hae i íhiiií sacoön npHcnaHTH noBH03ByamcTB Bipuiy. Bipni IIIeBaeHKa 3HaaHO 3ByaHiniHH, noBH03ByaHHH Ta „mhjio-3ByaHÍniHH", amac Bipnii bcíx yKpaÍHCBKHx nHCBMeHHHKÍB no Hboro Ta h no HBOMy. nonjÖHoi' BHyTpiuiHBoi enÍB3ByaH0i mobh npcaraan anme HeaHcaeHHi noeTH cbítoboí poMaHTHHHoi noe3ÍI, m,o b Tamä Beamtin Mipi 6yaa opieHTOBaHa Ha ,,My3HHHÍCTt" (Ka. BpeHTaHo). LUeBaeHKO npcarae Han,3BHaanH0i noBH03ByaHocTH, nonepnie, npocTHM noBTopeHHHM thx caMHx a6o cnopinneHnx eaiB. B nyei HapoAHOÍ niem IIIeBaeHKo noBTOpioe caoBa: y k p a í h o, y k p a 1 h o, h e h B K o Moa, h e h B k o . . . I'm 30CTaaacB np6pa caaBa, Moraaa 3ocTaaacb... m h h y b piK, m h h y b apyrmi... a6o pÍ3HÍ dpopMH Toro caMoro caoBa: ... 60 c n o a h h y, HK ÖaTBKO CnOHHHyB... I Bei n o a h a h. Chbhh b xaTy i eaM niuioB onoaHBaTH...., HaKynaye noBTopeHna b TOMy caMOMy HeBeanicoMy Bipnii: M H h a K) t B n,hí, M H H a K) T B HOHÍ, m h h a e aiTO...... .......i He 3Haio, HH H HC H B y, HH H, O )K H B a K), A naň híhth, cepneM hchth A ine ripine — c n a t h, cnaiH, i c n a t h Ha bojií ... I TaK cyťecTHBHo-HenoMÍTHo bíh ôynye njai BÍpiui Ha iioctíhhhx noBTopeHHHx: CaflOK BHIHHeBHH kojio XaTH, xpymi Han. b h hi h h m h rynyTb, njiyraTapi 3 njiyraMH h y t b, cniBaiOTB i r y h h mÍB^aTa, a MaTepi Be^epan. acnyrb. Cím'h b e h e p a Koao xain, B e h i p H h 3ÍpOHBKa BCTaG, noHKa Be^epaTb non.ae... 3 a t h x a o Bce . . . TiabKH nÍB^aTa Ta coaoBeäKO ne 3 a t h x. aôo: l3-3a r a k) cohhp e x o n h t b, 3a raň Í3axon,HTt; no noanm yBenopi K03aK CMyTHHH X O R H t b. X o H. H t b bíh roHHHy, x o a h t b bíh i npyry, — He BHXORHTb HOpHOÖpHBa Í3 TeMHoro ayry, He BHXOflHTb 3paaanBaa . .. Aae IIIeBHeHKo m,e 30aranye nncaeHHi cnÍB3ByHHH, mo noBCTa-K)Tb nepe3 noBTopeHHfl, cnÍ3By*niHMH Miac pÍ3HHMH ÍHniHMH cao-BäMn, RocaraiOHH Han,3BHqaňHHx etpeKTÍB; Hanp.*: (nOBTOpeHÍ 3ByKH) Moa nopanpHbKa CBaTaa, Mo-np MOH TH npae Moaonaa... MO-npa-Moaon. *) IIJ,o5 3BepHyrn yßary ^íHTa^a Ha ije cniB3Byq*iH („eB(|)OHÍK>") b Bipuiax IHeBieHKa (flKy iHOfli 3syTb „ÍHCTpyMeHTaijiGK>"), noflaGMo a9-11! nopyn 3 Bip- IIiaMH Tl CKJiaflH, mO nOBTOpiOK)TBCH b pÍ3HHX CJľOBaX. He M0JK6MO Han€CTH BCÍX noBTopeiii. 3ByKÍB, 6o qacTO b ijIjihx pnflKax noBTopioroTbCH Bce tí caMi tojiochí aöo nparojiocHi. ÉnnacyeMo TyT MaöJKe tíjibkh uíjií cKJia^H a6o rpynu 3ByKiB. JfSO Bíh 6ynye nijii CTpocpH cboix BÍpniiB Ha noBH03By*mirx noB-TopeHHHX yme híjikom pÍ3HHX, ne cnopinHeHnx míjk co6ok> cjiíb: 6e3 MHjioro CKpÍ3b Mornjia Hh to HeflOJia Ta HeBOJia, *m to jiÍTa tí, jieTH^H ... a6o: kopobh ninyTB no niopoBi, nJBaaTa BHHnyTt Bony 6paTí>.. .. . inyTb MOJIHTfcCH *ieHin 3a Tyca. 3-3a ropn ^epBOHe coHne aac ropHTt ... inp6 a nocTÍJib Becejia cjiajia, y Mope CJIÍ3 He nocHJiajia ... Ceno! ceno! Becejii xain, Becejii 3najieKa najiaTH . .. HlnpoKii cejia; a y cenax y Becejnrx i jnofle Becejii... IIO n,Í6pOBÍ BÍTOp bhg, ryjiae no nojno, Kpaň floporn rae TonoJiio no caMoro noJiy •.. a6o: HnrpHHe, HnrpHHe! Bce Ha cbítí nrae, i CBHTaH tbos cjiaBa, HK nHJIHHa, JIHHe 3a BÍTpaMH XOJIOnHHMH . . . MHjior-Moraji HH-TO-He-OJTH-Ta-OJIH HH-TO-JlÍT-TÍ-JieT poBH-ni-nyTb-no-ni-6p-oBÍ ni-aT-nyTí>-ny-6p-aTfc ca ■qe-ni-sa-ca-sa-ropn ne-OH-oH-ne-ropn c-Ji-ce-c-jia-jia cji-CH-jia-jia ce-jio-ce-Jio-Be-cejii-TH Be-cejii-aji-aji-TH ce-jia ce-jia-Be-ce-JiH Be-ce-jii no-po-BÍ-BÍ-BH jia-no-no-jno pa-no-po-no-JíK) no-no-jiy HHr-pH-He-^Hr-pn-He Bce-na-CBi-rH-He cBa-c-Ba jiH-Ha-jiH-He bí-mh-hh-mh IIIeBHeHKO bmíg BHKJiHKaTH caMHM 3ByK0M BÍpniÍB neBHe Bpa aceHHa, híďh My3H^HOH) Mejionieio. Oct npHKJiann noxMypoi „ÍHCTpy MeHTan.ii" BipniiB Ha „p", „y", „op", „oji": Brrpe 6yňHHH, BÍTpe SyHHirií! TH 3 MOpeM rOBOpHHI, - 36ynn noro, 3arpaň th 3 hhm, cnHTaH chh6 Mope . . . BÍT-pe-6yfi-HHH-BÍT-pe-6yH-HHH TH-ope-opn nH-TH-HH HT-He-ope y Hen.ijno BpaHni paHo nojie KpHJiocfl TyMaHOM; y ryivraHi Ha Mornjii, jik TonojiH, noxHJiHJiacE. MOJionsma MOJionaa. moct np jiOHa npnropTae Ta 3 TyMaHOM po3MOBjiae: „On, TyMaHe, TyMaHe! Min jiaTaHHÍi TajiaHe! HoMy MeHe He cxoBaem OTyT čepen jiaHy?" A6o noxMypa chm(|)ohííi panKÍB: Hí6h cepne onnonnHe, 3 BoroM 3aroBopHTb .. . A TyMaH, HeHane Bopor, 3aKpHBae Mope i xMapoHtKy poHíeByio, i TbMy 3a co6ok) po3CTHJiae TyMaH chbhíi, i TbMOK) HÍMOK) onoBHG to6í nymy . . . pa-H-pa-HO noji-jioc-Ty-MaH-OM TyM-aH-Ha-Mo-Jii noji-no-JiH-jiacb Mo-jion-Mo-jion ocL-no-jio-Ha Ty-Ma-HOM-MO Ty-Ma-He-Ty-Ma-He jia-Ta-hh-Ta-jia-He My-Me-He-He Ty-Jia-Hy Hi-He oro-aro-Bopn TyM-aH-He-Ha-Bopo 3a-pH-Ba-ope apo-po Tt.My-3a-oio po-TyM TbMOIO-MOK) Ufi npHKJianH, ajie He oKpeMi jiňme BrnianKn! TaK „ÍHCTpyMeHTO-Bam" nHCJieHHi Micn.fi BipniiB 3 ycix nepiojiiB TBopnocTH nieBneHKa. I kojih na iHCTpyMeHTauifl: b neBHHx BímaaKax naBÍTb npnoMarae IIOeTOBi BHKJlHKaTH B HHTana neBHHH HaCTpifi, TO ÍHOni 3ByKÍB yJKHTO TaK, mo caMi 3ByKH MajiioiOTb neBHy KapTHHy, Hanp., uiejiecT Birpy b oconi: BiTep b rai He ryjiHG, BHoni cnonHBae; npoKHHeTbca, THxeceHbKO b ocokh nHTae: „Xto ce, xto ce no uím 6on,i nenie Kocy? xto ce? Xto ce, xto ce no tím 6on,i pBe Ha co6i koch? xto ce, xto ce?" — TnxeceHbKo cnHTae-noBÍG. .. a6o: ......niejiecTHTb nojKOBKJie jraCTa; racHyTb om m-c-nn CH-xe-ce co xTo-ce-xTO-ce-ni-iji ne-nie-cy-XTo-ce xTO-ce-XTo-ce-ni CO-CH xTO-ce-XTO-ce-xe-ce me-jie-CT JKO-JIH-CT-CHy-iIH 432 3acHyjiH nyMH, cepíne cmiTb; CHy-JiH-ce-e i Bee 3acHyjio ... ce-3a-CHy-jio He 3MeHinyG BapTocTH BipuiÍB HIeBHeHKa Te, mo b Soro Bipniax ÍHon,i 3ByK0BHH 6ík, My3HHHÍcTL MOBH, a He nyMKa, Kepye BHÖOpOM cjiíb Ta ôynpBoio peneHHa. My3HnHnx 3aco6iß LQeBneHKo BJKHBac nyace pi3HOMamTHo: MaeMO b HBoro, Hanp., THnoßi „cnÍBOHi", „niceHHi" Bipuii (nanp., ÖijibiHicTB. niceHb, 3Hanna nacTHHa noeivi), a nopyn Toro — Bipuii neKJiaManÍHHÍ, peTopHHHÍ (naTeTH^Hi mícuh b noeMax, Bipuii ro noeTiß, nepecniBH cb. nncbMa, „TJp MepTBHX i jkhbhx .. . "). Ta nopyn uhx THniß g i muri. My3HHHa öynoßa Bipuiiß pi3Horo Tuny BinMiHHa. Tpeöa 3BepHyTH yßary Ha Te, inp HaßiTb y cboí'x pociň-cbKHx npo30BHx TBopax HIeBHeHKo iHOfli KopncTaGTbca THMH ca- MHME 3aC06aMH 36ÍJIBUIHTH 3ByHHÍCTb MOBH I nOBTOpeHHH CJIÍB Ta CKJiafliB, monpaßfla, Haößijibine b onHCOBHX Ta jiipHHHHX Micnax. My3HHHicTb MOBH HIeBHeHKa caMe TOMy Tan ßnjiHßae Ha hh-Tana, mo npH ntoMy HaKynneHHi onHaKOßHX 3ByKÍB MOBa HIeBHeHKa He poÖHTb BpajKeHHH niTynHoi. BoHa Han3BHHaäHo tícho Haß'a3y-GTbca ho MOBH HapoHHHX niceHb, ajie b toh cemhh nac He KoniiOG i"i no-pa6cbKOMy, a Tßopno nepeTonjinc. nonHBHMocb, hkhmh pncaMH BH3HaHaGTbCH Mosa HIeBHeHKa. 6. CxOHiicTb 3 HapOHHHMH níCHHMH He G B HIeBHeHKa HKHMOCb paÖCbKHM KOmKDBaHHHM. BÍH BÍJIbHO TBOpHTb y CTHJIÍCTHHHHX (pop- Max HapoAHoi nicHi. Ha KijibKa HaiixapaKTepHCTHHHiiuHx pnc mo- JKeMO nOHHBHTHCH ÖJIHHCHe. JIioÖHTb UleBHeHKo noHBÍHHi cjioßa, thtiobí rjih. HapoßHoi nicHi, 30KpeMa HJia ,,nyM": cpißjio-3JiOTO, najieKo-BHCoKo, naÖKOio-BnpBH-neio, iuacTa-npjia, mhjihh-hophoôphbhh, apoM-npJioM, THJKKO-BaHtKO, CMyTHHÖ-HeBecejiHH, Men-ropijma, naHOBe-MOjioniji, JKHB-3nppoB, bíg-noBißae, cypMH-niaöJii, njiaKaB-puflaB i t. n..; Ta uopyn 3 TpanHU,ÍH-HHMH 3HaHHeM0 i TaKÍ, hkí, MaöyTb, yTBopeHÍ caMHM noeTOM, mp6 nepenaTH fioro BjiacHÍ o6pa3n: 3aryjio-CKa3ajio, cnÍBaTH-po3MOB- JIÍITH, JKyp6a-MOBa, CJIb03H-CJIOBa, CJIb03H-pÍKH i T. r. vs* JXo oKpeMHx cjiíb HleBHeHKO, Ha 3pa30K HapoHHoi nicHi, npnae nocTÍHHO tí caMÍ 03HaHeHHa (eniTeTH): uijiax Ta nppora „ôhtí", kohhk BopoHeHbKHH, BÍTep 6yHHHÖ, CHHG Mope, nepBOHa KaJIHHa, ApiÔHÍ cjib03H, TeMHHH raö, 3ejieHHH öafipaK, opjiH ,,ch3íí" a6o „CH30KPHJIÍI", 6ÍJie JIHHKO, HOpHÍ 6pOBH, Kapi OHÍ, BHCOKÍ MOrHJIH, CTen iuHpoKHÔ, HopHÍ XMapH, 3opi nepBOHi; MaöyTb, i TyT nacTHHa BnranaHa HleBHeHKOM „b nyci" HaponHoi* noe3Íi. — HIeBHeHKo bjkh-Bac, aK HapoHHa nicHS, caMnx enÍTeTÍB, inp6 BH3HanHTH npenaier: BopoHeHbKHH (kohhk), ÖyÖHeceHbKHH (BÍTep), HopHoöpHBHH (napy- 433 6ok), CH30KpHJIHH (opejl), chhg (MOpe), OijIOJIHUHH (MÍCím.t>), JlIOTe (rope), K03ane (cepue) i t. r. Bíh s oxoTOK) BJKHBae niceHHHx noeTHHHHx 3aco6iB, Hanp., CTa-bhtb napajiejiio 3'flBHin.a npnponii 3 uoríjimh Ta nonyBaHHSMH JIK)RCBKHMH: BcTaG XMapa 3-3a JlHMaHy, a ApyraH 3 nojia: 3ajKypHjiacb YKpaiHa — Tana 11 nojia ... 3aKpHKajiH Hopni upyKH, BHHMaiOHH oni; 3acnÍBajiH KosaneHBKH nicHK) tu Horn . . . CyMHo, cyMHo cepen, He6a CHG oíjiojihijhh. noHan, ^HinpoM K03an in,e, MOJKe 3 Be^opHnnj. Ha ropofli kojio 6pony ÔapBÍHOK He CXOHHTb; HOMycb fliBHHHa n.o Ôpofly no BOfly He xorhtb ... Aöojk noeT npoTHCTaBJiHG pÍ3HÍ nonii, mp6 nepe3 npoTHCTäBjíeHHS (aHTHTe3y) 3po6nTH HaoHHiniHM cbog onoBinaHHji, i aHTHTe3a — yjHOÖJieHHH 3aci6 HapoRHoi noeTHKn: To He Brrep, to He SyHHHH. . . to He JIHXO, to He TJDKKe ... IHacjiHBa rojiyÖKa: bhcoko jiiTac, noJiHHe no Bora — MHJioro nHTaxn. Koro JK cnpoTHHa, Koro 3anHTac? Bace He TpH rhí, He Tpn hohí, ö'gtbch naH TpncHJio ... He KHTaHKoio noKpnjiHCb K03an,í>KÍ'í oni... Opejl bhhhhb Kapi OHÍ Ha qyjKOMy nojii! .. He meöene cojioBenico b Jiy3Í Hafl borok), He cnißae HopnoÔpHBa, ctoh nin, Bep6oio; He cniBae — hk cnpoia, ÖijIHM CB1T0M HynHTb. HacTo BHpa3 aöo npocTo y3HTo 3 nicHi, HaßiTb 3 (pajibiHOBaroix n,yM •— „peBHyjiH rapMaTn", a6o yTBopeHo b niceHHOMy cthjiI 3 Haöjin-aceHHHM np HKorocb niceHHoro 3BopoTy: njiHBe HOBeH, Bonn noßeH; 3 BiTpoM Mornjia b CTeny po3mobjihg; Mornjia 3 öyinraM ßiTpoM b CTeny roBopHjia; He KHTafiKoio noKpnjiHCb K03an,bKii om; KosaubKee Öijie Tijio, b KHTafiKy noBHTe; 3aciBajiH TpynoM nojie; chhg Mope BHrpaBae; 3acHnjnoTb nicKOM om i t. n,. IIIeBHeHKo BJKHBae He Jimne niceHHoro noeTHHHoro MaTepinjiy, a i „bhcokoi" mobh: np, Hanp., MOBa fioro jiipHHHnx BipiniB npo BJiaCHy nOJIK>, MOBa nOJliTHHHHX BipmiB (,,KaBKa3", „JXo MepTBHX i jkhbhx , , . "), a6o nepecniß ncajiMiB, Xoa Bin yjKHBae moni cjio-B'flHi3MiB: „He TBopafi ÖJiar a h" (MHOHaraa), „BCKyw", „BHyniH" i t. n.., ajie b H,ijioMy i TyT fioro MOBa Ta caMa — nncTa MOBa, HKa npnnaeTbCH onHaKOBo i n,jiH BHCJioBy Hapo^Hoi TeMaraKH („KaTe-pHHa" aöo „HaÖMHHKa") i n,jiH BHCJioBy nojiiTHHHHx nyMOK i Mpifi, i n,JiH KapTHHH jkhtth CTapoi K03aHHHHH i rjih nepecniBy naTeTHHHoi' mobh cb. ÜHCbMa. He noHyBaeMo TyT hihkoi niTynHOCTH, HKa Bpa-acac cynacHoro HHTana b Bipuiax KocTOMapoßa a6o MeTjiHHCbKoro. T^eHKi pHCH MOBH CTapiHHX nHCbMeHHHKiß MaÖJKe 3HHKaK)Tb y HleB- neHKa, Hanp., -qHCJieHHi b kjihchkIb KopoTKi niGCJiißHi cpopMH y IHeBMeHKa nyme pinra: inyöoBCTb, 6yx, ryjibK. nopyn hphkhx MicqeBHX cjiiß, 3ycTpmeMo i cnenHcpi^HHä n,Jin IHeBHeHKa bhch-tok Toro „HJiena", hkhh 3ycTpinaGMo moni b HaponHifi: MOBi (hk toh noniji; KpoBaBÜ' tu' jrira; xpemeHoi Tii' mobh, t i g k» tiaHKOK) i 1. fl.) Ta b cTapiö jiiTepaTypi. — Mafiace 30ßciM 3HHKae y Hboro ByjibrapHa „npocTanbKa" MOBa KoTjiapeBCbKoro Ta iHninx. HJpnpaBna, 3ycTprqaeMO b Hboro TaKi Bnpa3H, hk „yran" (3arpafi: „yTHH, ÖaTbKy"), ,,KOÖ3ap BUIKBapHB", „OflHHpaKDTb" (TaHIHOIOTb), „HiMHrjraG" i t. 3. AeflKi 3 hhx Tofli, Monce, He MajiH me BiATiHKy ByjibrapHOCTH. A neHKi b ihhiiix Micn,nx bhchtI 6e3yMOBHo 3i „cne- niHJIbHHM npH3HaHeHHHM" (cpyHKHlGIO), mp6 KapHKaTypHO 3MajIIO- ßaTH „ßnme" OToneHHH, — kojih npo yKpamcbKHH Hapon, HleB- HeHKO rOBOpHTb MOBOK) nOBaJKHOK), TO ByjIbrapHl BHpa3H BJKHTO b Hboro fljia uapiB, reTbMamB, „caTpaniß", KoHCTaHijbKoro BHCOKoro co6opy, hkhh nocTaHOBHß cnajiHTH Tyca Toinp: MHKOJia I „caTpana b Mopny 3aTonHB", „Ta b nHKy fioro hk 3aTonHTb", „toh MeHinoro b ny3o"; „3ßipeM 3apeBijiH", „rypxoM 3apeßijiH" — KoHCTaHqbKHH eoöop; „b Sarai cbhhhhIm'' •— Eornan i t. n,. HJKaBo, mp HleB^eHKo, kojih HOMy aoßoflHTbCH nonaTH b Bipmi pocificbKe peneHHH, 3aBHcnH 435 KopHCTyeTbca ByjitťapHHMH BHpa3aMH, — 3 tígw caMow MeToio, hk i ByjitrapHHMH BHpa3aMH npn onHcax „bhcokoto otohchhh". OTace, po3noaia BHCOKoro Ta npocTanbKoro iiiaKOM íhuihh, 6a npoTH-jieacHHH amac 6yjio y KaacnnHCTÍB! 7. Ajie He bcí cthjiícthhhí 3aco6n IIIeB^eHKa cyTo HaponHi, Brne bjkhtok HapoAHO-niceHHoI noeTHKH e yjiioÖJieHHH 3aci6 poMaH-thkíb. IIIeBHeHKO BíKHBae h íhhihx 3aco6ÍB poMaHTHHHoi noe3Íi, 60 6e3 cyMHÍBy ne 6yB toh noeTHHHHÖ HanpaM, hkhh IHeB^eHKO 3HaB, KOxaB, b HKOMy bíh, MaöyTb, 3HafiHioB cnÍB3ByHHÍCTb 3 tígio Hapofl-HOK) noe3ÍGK), HKa i 6e3 ôoro CBinoMoro Haiwipy 3po6njiacb 6h oc- HOBOK) HOrO noeTHHHOl TBOpHOCTH. Bace nepeHHHTTH (popM HapoaHoí noe3Íi, n,o toto nepeŽHHTHx IIIeBHeHKOM, He b KaHCHITHCTHHHOMy flyci, He ,,CaJIbOHÍ30BaHHX" — iiiaKOM y HanpaMi ycTpeMjiinb poMaHTHKH. ITpo nyaoBi Hacainy-BaHHH niceHb 3 nacy 3acaaHHa Brne 3ran,yBaH0. IIIeBneHKo bhkophc-TOByG i cneu;H(pÍHHO yKpai'HCbKi „nyMH" Ta Hacainye nyMy b noeMi „CainHH" („HeBOJibHHK"). Ajie HleB^eHKo nepefiiviae bír poMaH-thkh me h noeTHHHi tpopMH, mp b 3araabmö cbíhomoctí Ton.i 6yjiH 03HaKaMH poMaHTHHHoro CTHjiio: 6aaany Ta poMaHTHHHy (6aäpo-HÍHHy) noeMy. 06h;hbí cpopMH g ynapoM no Teopii ťaTyHKÍB kjihch-n,H3My. Eaaaaa, onoBinaHHa npo HKycb, 3ae6iabina TparinHy nofliio, HaHHacTime (paHTacTHHHoro Ta icTopHHHoro xapaKTepy, cnoaynye b co6i eniHHi, jiíphhhí Ta n,paMaTHHHÍ (po3MOBH) ejieMeHTH, pyfiHyG cyBopHH nofliji ťaTyHKÍB y noeTHiij KaacHU,H3My. B yKpaiHCbKiíi noe3ÍI ôaaann IIIeBneHKa He g BJKe hhmocb hobhm. CnoaaTKy bíh nmne noBini oaaann („ľlpHHHHHa", „Tonoaa", „Tliaea", „PycaaKa", „Horo TH xonnin Ha Mornay"). Ilpn nbOMy IIIeB^eHKo bír 3BHHan-Horo THny 6aaanH-onoBÍnaHHH nepexonHTb po opHťmaabHo 36ynp-BaHHX öaaan,, pe roaoBHa fliňoBa ocoôa po3noBÍn,aG npo cbokd npaio („Jliaea", „PycajiKa"), a nopyn: Í3 d;hm yTBopioe nyaoBi KopoTeHbKÍ öaaann, mo noMÍTHo HaöanacaioTbeH po HaponHoi nicHÍ („XycTHHa"= „Y neflíjiio He ryaaaa", „XycTKa", „XycTHHa" = „Hh to Ha Te Eoaca Boas?", „Koao raio b hhctím noaľ', „y tígí KaxepHHH"). BaacHe, po öaaan, HaôanacaiOTbca TaKÍ íctophhhí BÍpmi IIIeB^eHKa, hk „Ta-pacoBa híh", „raMaaia" i t. 3. Ilopy^ nboro IIIeB^eHKo nnuie HHcaeHHi „6anpoHÍHHÍ noeMH", ceÔTo noeMH „BiabHo'i (popMH", ne Teac 3MÍniyiOTbca ťaTyHKH, 6a iHOfli po Bipmy npHenHyeTbca HaBÍTb npo3a — („raHnaMaKH", „Cothhk"), pe aBTop He anine 3o6paacyG nonii, aae nac Micne mnpoKOMy BHcaoBy cbo'íx nonyBaHb Ta nyMOK. „KaTepHHa", „rafinaMaKH", „HepHHira Map'aHa", „CoBa", „Gpe-thk", „HeBoabHHK", „HaŽMHHKa", „BifltMa", „KHaaaia", „MocKa-aeBa KpHHHna", „BapHaK", „THTapiBHa", „MapHHa", „y Bhjilhí ropoví npecaaBHÍM", „Cothhk", „IleTpycb", — n;e flOBrnä meper qboro 436 yjnoôJieHoro IHeB^eHKOM poMaHTH^moro raTyHKy, Ta ň 1857 p. bíh noHHHae HaHOBO 3 „MocKaJieBoi kphhhiií", a oOhhbí ni3HÍrni noeMH „HeocpiTH" Ta „Mapia" MaiOTb yci THnoBi pncH „oanpoHiHHoi noeMH". raHHBMo, b HOMy xapaKTepncTH^rai pncn „6aHpoHÍHHo'i noeMH". Yci ni pncn 3HaH,n;eMo b IHeBneHKa. H,e BHÖynyBaHHH noeMH 3 ok-peMHX MajnoHKÍB, míjk hkhmh HeMae 6e3nocepenHBoro 3B'a3Ky, no-cjiinoBHoro nepexony: y HleBHeHKa bíh HaoSiabiu nocainoBHoro po3BHTKy nil b „KaTepHHi" (aae h TyT b ochobí — onpeMi cnemi) MaeMo bcí rpanairii no noBHoro po3Kaany eniHHoro xony nonifi. IIoeMa noHHHaeTBCH 3ne6iabina Binpa3y, 6e3 noBHioi ninroTOBH (,,He cayxaaa KaTepHHa hí 6aTbKa hí hchlkh ..., ,,Y HeniJiio BpaHiri paHO ... ", ,,y OrjiaBi..."), ÍHoni no^iaToK nonepenJKac 3araabHHÖ BCTyn aipHMHoro xapaKTepy („KoxaÖTeca, ^opHoôpHBi. .. "). CaMe onoBinaHHH aBTop yBecb nac nepepHBac: cboímh BaacHHMH MipKy-BaHHHMH („OTaKe to Ha cím cbítí poÖJiHTb jiionaM aioan", 40 pan-kíb; „CnpoTa eoÔaKa Mae cboio hojtio" — 11 paHKÍB; ,,To He Btiep, to ne SyHHHH" — 24 pannn). A60 aBTop 3BepTaeTbca no híhobhx oci6 („KaTepHHO, cepn,e mog!" — 8 phhkíb; „He naa^i, KaTepHHo" — 11 phhkíb), no HHTana („OTaKe to jihxo, 6aaHTe, ríbhsltsí" — 9 phhkíb, „He nHTaÔTe, qopHoôpHBÍ"), raiTae b ce6e caMoro mp niGTbca 3 niôoBHMH ocoóaMH (,„He ac KaTpycK) npnropHyao? Hh b nojii, hh b xaTi?" — 6 phhkíb, „JJ[e jk KaTpycH öaynHTb?", ,, . .. IL(o jk to 6yjio 3 npeBocxoHHTeabHoio? Hlo th Tenep poöhth-Mem 3 C060K)..."), a6o nepeÔHBae onoBinaHHH íhuihm hijihxom (,,...A THM nacoM KeTe anm Kpecaao Ta TiOTioHy, mp6, 3HaGTe, HOMa He jKypnaHCb"). Ihhií nepepBH yTBopwioTb posMOBH híoobhx oci6, íhohí npyropHHHoro 3Ha^eHHH rjih. po3BHTKy nii („Cothhk", ,3inbMa", „rannaMaKH", „MocKaaeBa kphhhiih"). THM^acoM oc-hobhí nonii b po3BHTKy ciojKeTy aniue KopoTeHbKo HaMi^eHO noôŕi ninpoKHX KapTHH 3arajibHoro xapaKTepy („JXe jk th, JIpeMO? J\e th? noHHBHca! A bíh, MaHHpyíoMH, cnißa", „JIpeMa 3 Jlenooio npo-KpajiHCb ajK y ôynnHOK. . . " i t. h-)- Ilopyn 3araabHHX 3aco-6íb pyfiHyBaHHíi eni^Hoi cpopMH, hkí 3Hac poMaHTHHHa noeMa, IIIeB^ieHKo BJKHBac me h BaacHHX, Hanp., THcaeHHHx BCTaBHHx ni-ceHb („rannaMaKH", „HepHmia Map'jma", „MapHHa", „Cothhk"). III06 nOÖpe C06Í yHBHTH pÍ3HHH,IO D.ÍG1 „BÍJItHOl CpOpMH" Ta Tpann- irii KaHCHHH3My, nocHTb nopÍBHHTH 3o6pajKeHHH noniH y HleBHeHKa 3 njiHHHHM xoflOM BHKaany naBÍTb y TpaBecTiHHiS „EHeini" KoTJia-peBCbKoro! Ha 3aKÍHHeHHH HleB^eHKo a6o nonae ninpoKHH aipnn-hhh ypHBOK-KÍHqÍBKy, a6o oôpHBae hík> TaK caMo Binpa3y, hk i no-*iaB („A MaTH BjKe cnaaa!", „,74,Ba Tpynn Ha noai HaöniaH i Ha Jf37 Morajii noxoBajiH", „I noBOJiiK IleTpycb KafinaHH aac y Cnôip. .. ", „cyMyiOHH, y öyp'am yMepjia 3 rojiony. Amíhb"). mono CTHjiicTHKH, to cTHjib ,,6aHpoHÍ^HOi noeMH" LÜeB^eHKa ne b HOMy THTiOBHH nJiH ôoro BÍpniÍB B3arajii. IIponycKH Ta nepepBH b 3MajiiOBaHHÍ noniö onHaKOBo THnoBi i njiji öoro 6ajian i njia íh-niHX BipruiB, BHKJíHKaiOTb neBHy „noeTHHHy HeacmcTb". Te, npo mp kjihchhhcth a6o nÍ3HÍnii peaJiicTH npKjranHo 6 po3noBÍnaJiH (MaH-npÍBKH KaTepHHH, yiaCTb HpeMH-rajiaHnn b ycix nonmx noBCTaHHH, MaHHpiBKH K03aKÍB Ha ^yjKHHÍ, nepeJKHBaHH.fi OKpeMHX ociô) — nonaHe *iacTo jiHHie HaTHKaMH. Ajie, BTpanaiOHH Ha HinpoTi Ma-jiiOHKy (noeMH IHeBneHKa TOMy, mp bohh e ,,6aHpoHÍHHÍ noeMH" MOJKyTb MaTH MÍHÍJITK>pHHH OÔCHr, JIHHie „raHflaMaKH" HaOJIHÍKa- BDTbCH no po3MÍpÍB HepoMaHTHHHoí „enone'i"), poMaHTHHHa noeMa Ta poMaHTHHHa noe3Ííi B3araJii 6araTo nepeBHinye íhhií HanpaMKH „rjiHÔHHOJo" 3MÍCTy. Bo njia poMaHTHKa Bce Mae noHBiime 3Ha-^eHHa, bchkí nonii (a HaHÖijibine íctophhhí, jkhtth npnpoHH Ta jkht-Tn Hapony) MaiOTb 3HaHeHHa CHMBOJiinne. LUeB^eHKo caM on- BepTO BHSHa^HB CBOG CTaBJíeHHH flO CHMBOJIÍKH, HanHCaBIHH ,,BeJIHKHH Jlbox", mp bíh 3Be nie ň „MicTepieio". HaBMHCHe Tpoxn HeacHa chm-BOJiiKa „MicTepii" e chmbojiímhhm BHTOBMaMeHHíiM ycboro MHHyjioro Ta cynacHoro YKpamH. Ajie ne caMe CHMBOJimHe 3HaneHHa MaiOTb y IIIeBHeHKa HHCJieHHi íhhií Miciia, b arcnx CHMBOJiÍKa (na JKajib!) HepoMaHTHHHOMy ^íHTa^eBÍ hc Bnanac b bíhí. IUp b „KaTepHHÍ" chm- BOJIÍHHO 3MaJIb0BaHa SÓJU! yKpaÍHH, lie 3p03yMÍJIH HaBÍTb npH3opH Toro nacy, BHKpecjiHBuiH chmbojiíhhhh MajiiOHOK Ha no^aTKy 4-oí nicHÍ: rtoran ropoK) jipoM-nojiOM, mob tí ninn bhcokohojií, nyÖH 3 reTbMaHHIHHH CTOHTb; b apy rpeôejibKa, BepÖH b pan, CTaBOK nin KpnroK) b h e b o ji i... TaK caMo chmbojií^hhh „opeji HopHim" (Pocia) b 3acnÍBÍ ,,Ko6-3apa". Ajie, He syromaiOHHca Ha Han3BHHaiÍHo HHCJieHHHX chmbo-jiíhhhx MOTHBax noe3ÍI nieBHeHKa, HaranacMo Jinuie o6pa3 MaTepi-noKpHTKH, no aKoro IIIeBHeHKo noBepTaGTbca TaK ^acTo: hh 3 oco-ôhcthx nepeJKHBaHb, hh 3 nepeKa3ÍB o6pa3 iipä Bnpic, — oafinyJKe; ajie neií o6pa3 y LUeB^eHKa 6e3 cyMHÍBy cHMBojiÍ3yc nojiio yKpaÍHH, niAMaHeHoi Ta oônypeHoi „MOCKajieM", mp mrnac CHHa; chh — cy-nacHe LQeB^eHKOBi noKOJiimiH, inp MaG noMCTHTHca 3a Marip. ni3- HÍHie na CHMBOJlÍKa 3MÍHK)GTbCa (n«B- flajli E. 2). - iHHia CHMBO- JiiHHa TeMa UleBneHKa — Ko63ap, ôaHnypHCT, yace b nojibCbKÍH yKpaiHCbKiä uiKOjii Ta b xapKÍBCbKiň poMaHTHi^i — cHMBOJi noeTa. Jf38 Imiii CHMBOJiH noeTa — coaoBeÖKo Ta opeji (3 „CaoBa o nojiKy IropeBi"). 8. Tan mh ninjiiniJiH ao TeMaTHKH noe3ifi IIIeBHeHKa. I BOHa HacKpi3t poMaHTHHHa, i Moace HafiöijiBiu poMaHTHHHe b Hin Te, mp Bona HacKpi3t HaujioHajiLHa, yicpamcbKa. CTen i Mope, 33e6ijibina CTen, b ÄKOMy big BiTep Ta 6yäHe cxBHJibOBaHe Mope, MornjiH, b äkhx 3axoßaHe MHHyjie yKpai'hh, öypaHa Hin (,,PeBe Ta CTorae J^Hinp HIHpOKHH" HiaKOM HaB'a3yGTbCH AO TpaflKHÜ" yKpaiHCbKOl pO- MaHTHKH — «HB. npHKJiaflH VII. r. 3-4), noaceaca. neÖ3aac 3Ae- ÖijIbHia pyXJIHBHH, „AHHaMiHHHH"; BiTep - 3H0B pOMaHTHHHHH 06- pa3. JXo Hjboro npHGAHyiOTbCJi JiionH: 6aHAypncT — yaioöaeHa Teina yKpaiHCbKHX pOMaHTHKlB, - CpiaOCOCpia noe3U p03BHHGHa IIIeBHeH- kom aeTajibHO b noro Bipmax ao noeTiß — KoTaapeBCbKoro, Tpe-öiHKH, rorojiH ... ,ZJajii — K03aK hk öopeub 3a bojiio ; ccjihhhh, B HKOMy HMa", ,,CoBa" i t. A-)- BjiacHe, b cboi'x noeMax IIIeBHeHKO Mac bhkjiiohho poMaHTHHHy TeMaTHKy „poMaHTHKH acaxy"; maax äoro repoiß — hijihx Ao 3arHÖeai*, — caMoryöcTBO („KaTepHHa"), öoaceBiaaa („BiA^Ma", ,,CoBa", „MapHHa"), po36iHHjmTBo („BapHaK"), Cnöip („BapHaK", „üeTpycb"), AiTO3ry6cTB0 („THTapißHa"), OTpyGHHH ao-aoBina („IleTpycb"), 3rBaaTyBaHHH aohkh („KHaacHa"), caMoraicTb („Cothhk", „MocKaaeßa kphhhhä"), KaTyBaHHa, noaceaci, böhbctbo BaacHHX AiTeö, CTpaTa („raÖAaMaKH", „GpeTHK") i t. a- üoraaAHO „macaHBHH" Kmenb MaioTb anuie „HaHMHHKa" Ta ,,HeBoabHHK". Moace b HbOMy yxnai ao „poMaHTHKH acaxy" Haööiabnia icTO-pHHHa oÖMeaceHieTb noe3Ü HleBHeHKa. HaäßiabHie mh no^yBacMO nio oÖMeaceHicTb, HHTaiOHH Tarn paAKH, hk: ao cab03, 30 KpoBH, ao noacapy — ao BCboro, BCboro a npnBHK. Byao, Mob acaßy Ty, Ha ennci cneneni AHTHHy Ha orai. .. *) TyT 3 IIIeBieHKOM MoHma nopiBHHTH 3 hhm cnopi/jHeHoro CJIOBaAbKOrO poMaHTHKa Hmca Kpajm. 439 aôo: MapHHa rojia Ha-rojio nepea ôynHHKOM TamnoBaaa y napi 3 Marip'io, i — CTpax! — 3 HOHceM oKpoBjíeHHM b pyKax i npncniByBajia: ,,Hn He n,e ac Ta Kyinaca, inp niflTHKaaaca ? . . " IIIeBHeHKo He annie nepeÖMae 3 yKpa'iHCbKo'i icTopnaHOi nicHi Ta jiiTepaTypn Beannm o6pa3n MHHyaoro. 3ycTpinaGMo b Hboro KÍJItKa flyMOK, ajiH HbOrO CneiíHCpiHHHX. IIIeBHeHKO, nOHHHaiOHH 3 nepninx cboix BipmiB, He aypHO, JvraÖyTt, HacjiiayiOHH Ha3By Ha-poAHOÍ icTopHHHo'i nicHi — )(HyMa", noHHHaG roBopnTH npo cbo'í Bip-nii, HK npo „ay^n", „ayMKH". B hhx aincHo no3a o6pa3aMH SaraTO ňyMOK, iaeö, a KfiM My3HHHOCTH, fljia BipmiB IIIeBHeHKa xapaKTe-Phcthhhí i Haa3BHHaHH0 Baajii „noeTHHHi (popMyjin", BipnioBaHi acpopH3MH, b HKHx HacTC rocTpo 3tpopMyai>oBaHa ayMKa, me nia-KpecaeHa cnÍB3BVHHHMH, dhmoio aôo íhuihmh 3aco6aMH „mcTpyMeH-Tanji": 6o Bac anxo Ha cbít Ha cmíx [nopoanao ... c-jiH-x-Ha-c-Ha-c-x-HJi BopixecH — noöopeTe: 6o-Te-6o-Te BaM Bor noMarac; Ba-ôo-no 3a Bac CHJia, 3a Bac Boaa 3a-Ba-aa-3a-Ba-aa i npaBaa CBSTaa. aB-B-Ba-aa Aae „(popMyaH" i 6e3 ÍHCTpyMeHTan,ii npo3opi, Bpa3anBÍ, Hanaimm npHKaaan yKpamcbKoi acpopncTHHHOÍ mobh i aoci: Oa MoaaaBaHHHa ao cpma Ha BCiX H3HKaX BCe MOBHHTb . . . Bo „öaaroaeHCTByG" .. . JIlOAH THyTbCH, HK TÍ a03H, Kyan BiTep bíg; CHpOTHHÍ COHUie CBÍTHTb, cbíthtij Ta He rpic ... B cboíh xaTi — cboh npaBaa, i cnaa, i Boaa! Ot ae, Jnoan, Hama caaBa, caaBa yicpanra! Be3 3oJiOTa, 6e3 KaMeHio, 6e3 XHTpOÍ MOBH, a rojiocHa Ta npaBnHBa, hk Tocnofla cjiobo! MafijKe HeMae Bipmy, ne xaKHX noeTHHHHx cpopMyji HeMae. 3míct noeTH^HHx cpopMyji ffleBHCHKa Bnpa3Ho KOHnjeHTpyeTBCH KOJio KiJiBKOx ocHOBHHX nyMOK-noHHTb. „Cjiobo", „IIpaBna", „Gna-Ba" — Tpn ochobhí noHHTTH, mo npoHH3yioTb yce noeTHHHe nyMaH-hh IIIeBneHKa. „CjiaBa" — rjih HleBneHica — ne bch Tpannnin Bra-pony, Bee floro MHHyjie, m,o b coôl HtHBe i Monce ojkhth rjia nijioro Hapony. Bo ,,Bce rHHe — ejiaBa ne nojiHHce", ne „cBHTan cjiaBa", Í UleBHeHKO BipHTb: I 3a6yneTbCH cpaMOTHH naBHHH roflHHa, i oHCHBe npôpa cjiaBa, cjiaBa yKpamn! I CBÍT HCHHH, HeBeHepHÍH, THXO 3aClHG! „CjiaBa", mo MOHce me ohchth, — npo Hei MpinjiH i íhihí ytcpam-cbKi poMaHTHKH. Ajie b IIIeBHeHKa „CjiaBa" 3B'H3aHa 3 tígio bíhhok) „IIpaBnoio" (aôo „npaBnpio i BOJieio"), in;o rjiíi Hboro b KOHCHOMy pa3i JieacHTb y oynynnm. Bo h npo yicpaíHCbKe MHHyjie híxto 3 po- MaHTHKÍB He BÍnBaJKHBCH CKa3aTH CTÍJIbKH ripKHX cjiíb, hk LLIeB- qeHKO. A b cynacHocTÍ: ,,CKpÍ3b HenpaBp;a, n,e He rjiHHy"; „Po3Öifl-HHKH jiron,oinn npaB,n;y noöopojm"; HleBneHKO eaM „KapaGTbcn" ,,3a npaBay Ha cbítí". I floro cTpeMJiiHHH híhk He no MHHyjioro, i Bate híhk He 30 cynacHocTH, a jiHine no MafiôyTHboro: Hexaá nce cepiie njiane, npocHTb CBHTo'i npaBnn Ha 3eMJii... Monte me pa3 coHije npaBnn xoH CKpÍ3b coH noöany . . . BcTaHe npaBna, BCTaHe bojih, i Toôi onHOMy nOKJIOHHTbCH BCi H3HKH BO BÍKH Í BÍKH . . . I caMe ne ijijiKOBHTe HacTaBJíeHHH bcíx oantaHb, yeix Hanifl Ha Maô-6yTHG poÔHTb LQeBneHKa noeTOM-npopoKOM. Bo bíh ôopeibca 3a 6y-nyHHHy, i 3HapannH floro g „Cjiobo": ... opio cbíh nepejiir, yöory HHBy, Ta CÍK> c ji O b O : flOÔpi JKHHBa KOJiHCb to 6ynyTb ... KoMy ac Ii (ayMy. Tj;. H.) noicaacy a, í XTO TylO MOBy npHBÍTae, yraflae BejiHKee cjiobo... „Beanicee cjiobo", ,,cjib03H-cjioBa" noeTOBi xoayit CTara Bor-*tcm, nojiyM'hm: nouijiH MeHi cBATee cjiobo, cBHTo'i npaBflH rojioc hobhh. noflaö nynii yöoriä CHJiy, mp6 orHeHHo 3aroBopHJia, mp6 cjiobo njiaMeHeM b3hjiocb, mp6 jiioflHM cepíne po3TonHJio, i no YKpaiHi noHecjiocB, i Ha YKpami cbhthjiocb tg cjiobo ... CjiOBa noeTa hkoiocb Mipoio Eoaci cjiOBa, 60 noer — Bojkhh npo-poK. I „npaBfla i Boaa", i „caaBa" 3aaeacHÍ He jinme Bifl 3aKJiHKy noeTOBoro, ajie 6e3nocepeflHbo Bifl Eoacoro CJiOBa, Eoacoi bojií: Mh BipyeM Tboíh chjií Í C ji 0 b y JKHBOMy . . . HeHaae cpiôao KyTe, ÖHTe i ceMHKpaTH nepejíHTe orHeM b ropHHjii, c ji o b e c a Tboí, o TocnoflH, TaKii... Cjiobo, ino ohobhtb híhtth Hapofly, m,o noKanae nocHyjinx flo ho-Boro JKHTTS, mp íx ,,36yflHTB" — TaK yaBaae co6i cboio noeTHHHy TBopaicTB LQeBaeHKO. JXo HeacHoro o6pa3y „BocnpeceHHa" YicpaiHH poMaHTHKiß npHGflHyiOTBCH y nieBaeHKa ôíôjiíhhí o6pa3H: I, o flHBo! Tpynn BCTaJiH i ohí p03KpHJIH; i 6paT 3 6paTOM oohhjihch, i nporoBopHjiH CJIOBa THXOl JIIO60BH Ha bíkh i bíkh ... — aôo h 30BC1M hobí, b nepinmí. pa3 b yKpaÍHCbKifi jiiTepaTypi peBOjno- h.íhhí 3aKJIHKH'. ,, . BCTaBaÖTe, KaöflaHH nopBÍTe, i BpaaCOK) 3JIOIO KpOB'lO BOJíK) oKponiTe . . . ... rpoMaflOK) o6yx cTajiHTB, na npöpe BHrocTpHTb coKHpy, Ta H 3aXOHHTHCfl ÔyHHTb, a to npocriHTB co6i Heöora no cyny BoíKoro CTpaniHoro . . . PÍ3H0MaHÍTHe p03yMÍHHH BKJianaJIH Ta BKJiaflaiOTB B HIeBaeHKOBÍ o6pa3H Ta noHíiTTíi. I ne He hhbo — hk noeT, bíh i ne Miř cna3aTH híjikom hcho Te, uro MycHTB cKa3aTH nojiÍTHKH, ajie OflHO 6yjio 3a-chobkom yeix noro o6pa3ÍB Ta nyMOK, noHHTb npo „ITpaBny", ,pojilo", „CjiaBy", b ím'h hkhx bíh „CTaB ... Ha po3nyTTÍ... Ie3eKÍÍJieM" — yHBJíeHHa npo YKparay Ta yKpaÍHCbKnS Hapon,, hk npo hchbí li i ji o c t i, KOJieKTHBH, ocoojihboctí b cím'i HaponÍB Ta nepacaB; i ,,coh", ajie Bace He „CMepTb" YKpaÍHH nan Hboro — He BTpaTa 3bh-Hä'íb Ta HaBÍTB mobh (hk chh cejia, bíh npöpe 3HaB, mp Tanoi BTpaTH HeMae, Ta noayBaB, mp BOHa He 3arpo>KyG), a Jinnie nojiÍTHHHe noHe- BOJieHHfl POCÍHCBKOK) nepJKaBOK) Ta napH3M0M. U,H HyMKa, bhcjiob- jieHa UleBHeHKOM Jinnie KÍJibKa pa3ÍB, ijuikom nopHBajia 3 yKpaiH-cbkok) TpanHijieio pocificbKoro naTpioTH3My 18-19 ct. i saöesneay-Bajia HleBaeHKOBÍ MÍcnp ne jinnie b icTopiľ jiÍTepaTypn, a i b icTopií yKpamcBKOÍ nojíiTH^Hoi nyMKH. 9. ITo3a BipnioBoio cnaniuHHoio LLIeBaeHKa ctoítb „yKpamcBKa ;o;íh" „Ha3ap GronojiH", HKy nncaHo b neTep6yp3BKi poKH, cnoaaTKy no-pocÍHCbKH, a noTÍM nepeKJianpHO aßTopoM Ha yKpamctKy MoBy. Bin, íhuihx HpaMaiHHHHX cnpoô HteBaeHKa He 3ajiHniHJiocíi cjiiny. XÜpaMa na íhochtb TpanimiHHHH ckokct: noHKa, mp íí 6aTBKO-coTHHK xone BHflaTH 3a 6araTÍn-no jikobHHKa, BTÍKae 3 Ha3apoM; 6aTbKO íx 3axonjiK>e, ajie npnaTejii 3BÍJibHflK)Tb Ha3apa Ta xoayTb 3aôHTH coTHHKa; ypHTOBaHHH Ha3apoM cothhk HecnonmaHo KaeTbcn Ta Sne b HeHH,i , ,cnoKyTyBaTH cboi 6e33aKOHÍH", 3a bhhhtkom npöpnx cneH, n,paMa Mae xapaKTep poMaHTmmoí npHMÍTHBHoi' Mejion,paMH. MoBa HeHHCTa, 6o HIeBaeHKO, MaôyTb, ine He BnnpaBHB cBoro nepeKJiany: hochtb 3ranaTH HcaxjiHBe b ycTax yKpamcbKoI ^íbhhhh ,,6aTiouiKa". JJipaMaTHHHy n,iio nepepHBaiOTb cnißn Ta Tamii; BCTaBJíeHO eTHO-rpadpiHHy enpHy CBaTaHHH. Iľeca He ripuia, ajie S He Jiimna ßin, ÍHUIHX yKpaiHCBKHX MejionpaM 19 BÍKy. 10. HaSrjinöuiHH cjiin. nopya HIeBaeHKa 3ajinuiHB b yKpa-íHCbKÍS nyxoßiS icTopii IlaHbKO (naHTeJieHMOH) Kyjiini (1819-97). Ajie b KHiBCbKi aacH Soro nocTaTb hk nncbMeHHHKa rue He BHCTy-najia hcho. Bíh, inonpaßna, 6yB yme aBTopoM kíjibkox Tßopiß po- CÍHCbKOK) MOBOK): OnOBÍnaHb, nHBOBHJKHOI ,,riaM'HTHOÍ khhjkkh hjih US noMÍin,HKÍB HepHiriBCBKOÍ ryöepmi", mp naranyG TeHneHijiOHi „JIhcth . ., " Kbítkh Ta nÍ3HÍiny „üepenHCKy" Torojia; icTopnaHoro HapHcy „noBecTt 06 ypcpanHe", poMairrir-moro icTopHHHoro poMaHy „MHxaöjio HapHHineHKo" Ta ohhcto yKpamcbKoro TBopy — „Vr-paÍHa" (1843, nHB. naai). YKpalHCbKi BÍpini, onoBÍn,aHHa „Opnca" TaK caMo hk i pÍ3HÍ eTHorpaipiam MaTepijuiH, bcí Bace totobí np Hpyny in naBÍTb BHn.pyKyBam, He BHxoniiaH iue b cbít; 3 yKpam-cbKoro poMaHy „HopHa Pana" BnnaHO 6yao anuie KiatKa po3n.iaÍB pOCÍHCbKOK) MOBOK). Bce m ocoÔhctícti. Kyaiuia hk nncbMeHHHKa b hoto Moaofli poKH naa Hac npcHTb acHa 3 äoro HeBeaHKoi cnan.in,hhh. ni3HÍiue Kyaini cnpaBaaB Ha cboix cynacHHiÚB BpaaceHHa aionHHH, mp no-ctíhho míhhg cboí nepeKOHaHHa, noraann, 3aHaTTa, npncTpacTi. Mh noöanHMO, mp Bace b tbop^octí noro Moaofluinx poKÍB aeacaTb ocHOBH noro nÍ3HÍinoro po3BHTKy, b HKOMy 3 noraafly Hauioro nacy öiabHie cTaaocTH, híhí 3míh. TJpJia Kyainia — floaa THnoBoi poMaH- THHHOl aionHHH. HorO ,,MÍHaHBÍCTb" G aHHie bhhbom pOMaHTHHHOrO irparHeHHH „hobhoth", BceöinHocTH; bíh g npencTaBHHKOM Toro po-MaHTHHHoro THny, hkhh ctphmhtb npcar-HyTH inpany BceöinHocTH HiaaxoM noCTÍHHoro pyxy, nocTiiÍHHx 3míh .. . Úpo uiaax Bene nacTO np KaTacTpocp, Tparefliö. Aae Kyaiui bhhhiob 3 ycix 3míh thm ca- MHM HeBTOMHHM npaHÍBHHKOM, eHTy3ÍHCTHHHHM npoBÍnHHKOM CBOÍX inež, aKoro, npaBna, nacTo híxto ne xotíb cayxaTH, npopoKOM, 3a HKHM híxto He HiHOB. Aae ani npauiOBaTH, aHi nponoBinyBaTH, am nncaTH Kyaim micoan He nepecTaBaB. JJ,atepeaa KyaiineBoi nyMKH pÍ3HoMaHÍTHÍ: nopya 3 ocoÖhcthmh BnaHBaMH HeacHoro yKpa*ÍHO(piabCTBa Ta caoB'aHO(piabCTBa MaKCH-MOBHna, HKOMy Kyaim npnoMaraB y HayKOBin npaui, CToaTb BnaHBH HyacHx kíji: pociäcbKoro caoB'aHocpiaa ITaeTHbOBa Ta noabcb-Koro yKpa'ÍHO(piaa M. rpaôoBCbKoro (nHB. VII. B. 3). Aae roaoBHi nacepeaa — HeBTOMHi cTynii Ha BaacHOMy Ta nyacoMy noai. Ba-raTO yKpaiHCbKHX poMaHTHKÍB nepnaao 3 BHnanKOBHx n.acepea; nacepeaa Kyaima 3aBacn,H nepini n.acepeaa, i nacTO 3obcím Hecno-flißaHi Ta naaeid bíh yicpamcbKoi TeMaTHKH. „yKpaÍHa" (1843) nepexonaioc „bhcokhh CTHab" „Kmír 6htíh yKpamcbKoro Hapona". Kyaim poÔHTb cnpoôy, KopncTyionHCb Ha-poflHHMH nyMaMH, 3Öyfl;yBaTH BeaHKHÖ yKpamcbKHH íctophhhhh enoc, hkhh bíh caM nopÍBHiOG 3 Iaianpio. Te, noro b nyMax naa yKpaiHH öpatcyc, Kyaiui npnoBHioe caM: bíh ,,3aoaíHB oTce CTapnMH eaoBecH hobíi nyMH", hkí bíh „nonpHTyaiOBaB" np niHCHHX Hapon.-hhx. Bíh He (paabUiyG, a CTapaHHO BÍn,3HanaG noxon.aKHHH EaxHH — a6o ,,bobkh cipoMaHiji" i t. fl. HncjieHm cpopMyjiH 3 flyM „cypMH cyp-mhjih", „bíhcbko 3ÖHpaTH, b noxifl BHCTynaTH", „K03aKH Tee 3any-BajiH". TaKOJK i noflBÍHHHX cjiíb, 30KpeMa THnoBHX p,jih flyM, Kyjiiui po3CHnae pncHo: Mefl-BHHo, nyMac-raflae, BHnHTye-cnoBinaG, nnine-npnnncyG, KypraHH-MornjiH; neHKi 3 hex — bhtbíp caMoro Kyjiinia. Ocb, HanpHKjiap;, THnoBi pnflKH: Ta no HinpoKOMy Ta no najieKOMy /JyHacnKy 3Jiaa 6ypn BHxoJKac-BHCTynaG, K03aKÍB 30 3eMJii nyjKfloi npOBOHCaG. A 3 HH3y ÖyHHHH BÍTep BÍG-nOBÍBaG. KpiM nyM, Kyjiiin KopncTyeTBca i „Cjiobom o noJiKy IropeBi": Tofli BHce Ha BKpa'mi pinKO ne nJiyraTapi Ha bojihkíb rynajiH, a načrime BopoHH Ha noJiHX KpnnajiH, Tpyn HiJiHHH noMÍJK C060K), a rajiKH cboio pin roBopnjin, 3ÖHpaK>nHCB jieTiTH Ha KpHBaBee nojie ... a caivrii ňepeBa 03 jtcajiocTH p;o 3eMjii npHKJioHHJiHct... Ha JKajiB Kyjiini He ymiKHyB nenKHX HeBflajiHx o6pa3ÍB. y kíjibkox míciihx no flyM noBCTaBJíiOBaHO icTopHHHÍ HapoflHi nicHi innioro THny. OflHa 3 hhx (nicHH npo MrranHoro niBTopa-KoJKyxa) HaßiTb He 6e3 TpaBecTÍHHHX hot. MajieHbKe onoBinaHHH „OpncH" — npnKa coTHHKa 3ycTpinae ynepme CBoro HapeneHoro, bhhuiobuih 3 cjiyHCHHUHMH npaTH Ha pinny Hafl TpyöaöjioM, — CHTyanin, hk n,e BiflMinac caM Kyjiiui, e HacjiiflyBaHHHM 3yCTpini Ofliccen 3 HaBcinaeio (3 6 nicHi „Oflic-cei"). OnoBiflaHHH HanncaHe hí6h b cthjií Kbítkh, ajie b npoTH-jieTKHicTB flo KBřmHHoro CTHjíK), Kyjiini nnnie iiíjikom cepH03Ho, 6e3 ycHKoro npe3HpcTBa Ta 6e3 norjiHflaHHH Ha cbo'íx repoÍB ,,3ropH". IHe xapaKTepHCTHKa Opnci rinepôoJiinHo ineajiÍ30BaHa: Opncn „Kpama n Hafl HCHy 3opio b noroay, Kpama Hafl noBHHH míchiib cepefl Honi, Kpama h Hafl caMe coHne..." Ajie flajii — ycioflH TlijIKOM CepH03HHH TOH) rapHi nOpÍBHHHHH'. ,,MOB y 3epKaJlÍ, BHflHO b BOfli i He6o, i Kpyny 3 thmh KyfljiaTHMH kopíhhhmh, inp nepenjiy-TaJiHCB Í3 XMejieM, i KynepHBi b'h3h, inp noBHÔlrajra Ha caaran Kpafi i nonpocTHrajiH 3eJieHi jiann Hafl pinKoio"; a6o: „l3-3a chboí Goponn CTaporo TpHBH, Í3-3a 6íjioi 3hmh, nepBOHie jiíto — noBen BÍ3 flißnaT y KBÍTKax Ta b HaMHCTi" .. . Bce ne HapoflHe, ajie He „npocTo-HapoflHe"! U5 11. JJíScho BH3HaaHHH TBip mojiohhx poKÍB Kyjiiina — iíe noro icTopHHHHŮ poMaH „HopHa Pana" (bkhuiob kjíjikom 1857 p.). Bíh 36yflOBaHHH Ha noBaacHHx íctophhhhx CTyniax Ta 3a npnoMoroio MHCTeUbKHX 3aCo6ÍB, 3 flKHMH KyjlilH 3a3HaH0MHBCfl b TBOpaX OCHOBO- nojiojKHHKa icTopHHHoro poMaHy BajibTepa Ckotte. PoMaH — Be-jiHKOK) MipoK) cnpoöa „CKopefyBaTH" ineajiÍ30BaHHH o6pa3 K03an,-TBa 3 „Tapaca EyjibÔH" ToroJiH, K03an,TBa hk onHOCTaimoí inacH, mp acHBe eflHHHM ineajioM Han,ioHaJibHOi Ta pejiiriímoi 6opoTb6n. Kyjiini poÖHTb cnpoôy 3aMÍHHTH BejiHHHi, ajie HeiHnHBinyajibHi 06-pa3H Torojiíi, y HKoro JKHBÍuie 3MajibOBaHo hk jnonHHy MOJKe jimne poMaHTHHHoro AHppiíi, KOHKpeTHHMH. A BjiacHe 3aBflaHHfl Kyjiima Te caMe, h Ke BHKOHaB cbogio noe3ieio IUeBaeHKo: 3aMÍCTB inHjiia- HOÍ HeBHpa3HOÍ nOCTaTÍ yKpaiHH flaTH MOHCe H6 TaKHH MaJIbOBHHHO- cojiohkhh, npHHaaHHÄ, ajie hchbíhihh, noBHOKpoBHiniHH o6pa3. SIk y cyaacHOMy, TaK i b MHHyjioMy, yicpama 30bcím He e ghhhhm UijIHM. PÍ3H0MaHÍTHa, nOHaCTH H HeťaTHBHa HÍHCHÍCTB, HKy 3MajIbO- Bye Kyjiini, e noBHOBapTHima. Kyjiiui xone naTH He BejinaHim MOHy-MeHT, a o6pa3 6e3nocepenHboi híhttgboí' hobhoth: 6yjin i b MHHy- JIOMy pÍ3HÍ yKpa'ÍHCbKi XapaKTepH, pÍ3HÍ kjihch, 3 pÍ3HHMH iHTepe- caMH, CTpeMJiiHHHMH, ineajiaMH. 3MajnoBaTH TaKHH o6pa3, nepeny-cím „jkhbhh", 6yjio Te, 3naeTbCJi, CBinpMe HaqioHajibHe 3aBnaHHH, HKe nocTaBHB co6i Kyjiiui. „HopHa Pan,a", po3yMÍGTbCH, He npcHrae MOBHoro Ta cthjiíc-THHHoro bmíhhh Torojiíi, ajie Mae HHMaJii MHCTen,bKÍ BapTocri. JXisi 36yflOBana Ha BnajiOMy crnieTemn icTopii* „HopHoí Pann" 1663 poKy i BHÖopy BpioxoBeiíbKoro b reTbMaHH 3aMÍCTb CoMKa Ta iCTopií IleTpa inpaMaeHKa i Jleci HepeBamBHH, HapeneHoi CoMKa, HKa no cMepTi CoMKa oapyHtyeTbCH 3 IleTpoM. TojioBHe 3aBnaHHH aBTopa — hí6h 3MaJiK)BaTH pÍ3HÍ xapaKTepH, cyenijibHi Ta ÍHflHBÍayajibHÍ, Ta pÍ3HÍ rpynn yKpamcbKoro HacejieHHH. PoMaH e „poMaHOM ncnxo-jioriaHHx THnÍB Ta cycnijibHHX kohcpjiíktíb" (B. neTpoB). 3a Tpa-flHĽ;ÍGio B. CKOTTa, SMajibOByiOHH Macoßi cn,eHH, Kyjiini nae Kap- THHy pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHX COniflJIbHHX JHTepeCÍB Í KOH{pJlÍKTÍB, IUO Ha irax iHTepecax 6a3yioTbCH. B px KondpjiiKTax 6epyTb ynacTb jnonn pÍ3Hoí noBarn, xapaKTepy, Bnaai. 3aMÍCTb ineajiÍ30BaHoro o6pa3y fliCTaGMO 06pa3 HapO^y 3 pÍ3HOMaHÍTHHM, UIHpOKHM JKHTTHM. Icto- Phhhí chjih, K03an;TB0 noHH30Be Ta roponoBe, MimaHH, CTapniHHa, cejiHHCTBo, 3MajibOBaHÍ KyjiinieM Ha nincTaßi noro CTyniii. MeTonpio BajibTep C'KOTTa, — 3 oKpeMHX penjiiK, 3aMÍT0K oKpeMHx jironeH CKJiaaaGTbCH cyn,ijibHa KapTHHa HapocTaHHH Ta 3míhh HacTpoio Ha-TOBny; Kyjiini Majiioe, a He BHTOBManye Ta ocbítjiiog — b nbOMy MHCTei^bKa CHjia poMaHy. IIcHxojioriHHe 3MajnoBaHHH pÍ3HHx xapaK-TepiB, 3a BHHHTKOM aocHTb ojiíhhx jkíhok, xoH Kyjiiui i nin,Kpec- U6 JIK3G po jim jkíhkh Ha yicpaiHi, 36ynoBaHe bcjihkoio Mipoio Ha ynacTi repoiB y nontax: MaeMo eroicTÍB („ycaKe, hk 3BÍpiOKa, npo cbok> TijibKH HiKypy Ta npo cbíh ßepjiir nôac" — Kane npo hhx IIIpaM) Ta aroaen inei (Comko, IIIpaM), nopyn hhx nepexoaoBi rann (He-peBaHt, 3ojioTapeHKo). Ilepnii nepeMaraiOTb, aionn inel raHyTb y BHpi 6opoTb6n; ajie h eroiCTH Teac 3ne6iabina no nepeM03Í He np-cnraioTB CBoix n,iaeň. HanrjiHOnie Ta ň HaHummine b yKpa'ÍHCi>KOMy jkhttí 6aHHTi> Kyjiini y thx aionax, mp B3arajii b noa,iax ynacTH „eepneM" He nprniMaiOTb. Hp cnißenb — „Bohíhh hojiobík" Ta 3ano-poatenb — KnpHJio Typ. Bhcoko ctoítb ineaa annapcTBa Ta 60-poTbÖH 3a „npaBny", hkhh pyxaG Comkom, aae me bhiub cbíhomícti., mp Bce g „cycTa cycTCTBin". POMaH MaG JJpCHTb pOMaHTHHHHX CTOpÍHOK: nBo6ÍH, KpaflijK naHHOHKH, HÍHHe nepecainyBaHHH, ecpeKTOBHi MacoBi ciremi, b'h3-Hnn,a. Aae Bce ne 3MaabOBaHe, b npoTnaeacmcTb no TaKHX caMnx mothbíb y „HapHHnieHKOBi", Han3BHHaHH0 npnpoflHo, TaK inp hh-Tan 30BCÍM He noMÍnac i'x TpaßHiTJÖHoro xapaKTepy. MoBa Mac po-CHTb eTHorpacpÍHHHx Ta CTapoBHHHnx caiß, mo i'x Kyaini 3neóiabina nOHCHIOG aÖO CTaBHTb ix y TaKHH KOHTeKCT, IIIp ix kojkhhh caM 3p03yMÍG („JKOBHÍpH KOHCHCTyiOHH b TOpOflax", onHCH JKHTJia, BĎpaHHH a6o nocyny), nacTo ne Bnaai nepecTapijii Bnpa3H (,,Hen,pyr OTMH3HHÍÍ"). MoBa b niaoMy noBaíKHa; moni hí6h onoBinac xTocb íhuihh, cynacHHK a6o ynacHHK nonm: „H]p TijibKH b Bíôjiíí npo-nncaHe, yce nepnenb toh mob hc h b e cnncaB cKpi3b no MaHac-THpeßi"; ,,y"ci B3HJiHCb 3a c b a t n h xai6"; Jleca „noBHnncyBaaa roayßoHbKo, cpíôaoM, 3oaoTOM i öaaKHTHHM uiobkom ycani kbítkh i MepeacKH", i t. p. Kyaini 3Í6paB npôpi Haponm Biipa3H, mp6 ix yacHTH, 3pin,Ka cTapi (niiB. BHine, ine — „HenpaaniKH", „aan-cbkhh", „tj;3bohhb caôaeio", „Bnapnan 3 rapMaT"), íhohí naBÍTb ira-TyiOHH aÍTonnc, — Hanp., ynacHHKn nopHoi pann „cayatHan TiabKH no öpoBapax, no bhhhhijhx Ta ine no aasnax rpyôHHKaMH..." — (3 ,,CaMOBHTj,n,a" — nop. rv. G. 2), aae HaimacTiine hobí (g 3BopoTH 3 TpeôiHKH a6o IHeBaeHKa), 3ne6iabina Haponiri, annie He Byabťa-PH3mh: ,,Toro noBinyeMOCb", „npcKoanB CKapôy", ,,cíb xyTopoM", ,,no6paancb racM", ,,a Heio xonnaa" (6yaa BarŤiHa), „3aoacnTH pyKH" (yroBopHTHCb) i t. p. Mosa ainoBnx oci6 po neBHoi Mipn cxapaKTepH30BaHa mnnBinyaabHo, HepeBaHb, inp ne BHMOBaaG ,,p", Kaace 3äBatn,h ,,6raTe", „ôraTHKy", ohhh pa3 „nraBna" — aae Kyaím He nepeoopinyc 3 nicio mobhok) xapaKTepncTHKOio; po3yMÍ-GTbca, n, i h o b i ocoôh BHCHBaiOTb ne-He-ne i ByabťapH3MÍB (,,rap6y3a BTeaioníHTb"). Orate, MaeMo Te caMe crpeMan-ma, mp cniabHe naa bcíx poMaHTHKÍB — bhtbophth MOBy naa „noBHoi aiTepaTypn". „HopHa Pana" — HaHBH3HaamniHH nopyq BipniÍB U7 HleBHeHKa KpoK pomehthkh ho TaKo'i mobh. Jlnme ccpepa pejiiriö-hhx MipKyBaHB 3ajiHuiaGTbCH nonacra no3a MencaMn yKpaÍHCtKOÍ MOBHOl CťpepH, - 6e3 I^epKOBHOCJIOB'HHCbKHX TeKCTlB 3 BiÔJlil, fli- hobí oco6h Kyjiiina He MoncyTb oôíhthch. 12. CnenndpiHHe b ineojiorii Kyjiiiua He pyme me hcho BHCTy-nae rjih. Hac y fioro paninimi nepion- Ajie rbsl mothbh noMÍTHMO 3pa3y: nepniHn — fljiH bcíx poManraKÍB xapaKTepncraHHrai Ta b Kyjiiiua, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, me mncnjieHHH HleBneHKOM — CTpeMJiiHHH 3po3yMÍTH yKpa'ÍHCLKe eynacHe ň MHHyjie hk jkhtth ninpoKe, Bce-oxonjiHBe, BceôÍHHe. He HyTJiHBO-coJioaeHBKHH a6o BejiHHHO-MOHy-MeHTajibHHH o6pa3 YKpaiHH xone Mara Kyjiiin, a noBHHŽ hchtthm o6pa3 cyiiijitHoro opram3My. J\o poMaHTHHHoro 3axonjieHHH npn- GHHyGTbCH (TeHC pOMaHTHHHe) CTpeMJIlHHH HO TJIHOHHH, HIO ÖaHHTb g^híctb He b penax, a 3a hhmh. Kyjiiin He MeHHi „chmbojiíct", híjk HIeBHeHKO - 3a KapTHHOIO ÖypXJIHBHX non,iH i ÖOpOTbÖH pÍ3HHX jironeö bíh ôaHHTt mpcb rjinôrne, 3arajibHe, OopoTbôy ,,npaBnn Ta kphbhh"; chmbojiíhhí hjih Hboro i ciiíbh Ko63apn: nicHi ňoro ,,hk napn", bíh cjiinHH, hk ToMep Ta „öanHTb tc, mp BHflioinHH 3pony He noöaHHTt"; CHMBOJiÍHHa i nocTaTb TaKoro 3eMHoro iBaHUH Epio-xoBeqbKoro -— noro 3ryÖHa arrraniH híôh hkícb „napn". Chmbo- JIÍHHÍ KpaGBHHH — HÍH, Bifl HKOÍ „JiyMKa p03HCeBpÍG, HK BÍfl BOHCOľO CJioBa", „Khííb — GpycajiHM" — TeMa CTapo'í yKpaiHCbKoi jirrepa-Typn. Chmbojiíhhí i nocTaTi 3anopoHcn,ÍB, mp, npn bcíh Ix peajibHio MacHBHOCTi, ,,hk TOH coh", 6o im ,,yce. .. rr,ypHHHH: ^h ächte,, hh BMepra ..." — HKpa3 3 nieto pncoio 3anopo3bKOÍ ncHxojiorii 3b'h- 3aHHH ßPyrHH OCHOBHHH MOTHB paHHbOrO KyjIÍHia - CTaBJíeHHH no iCTOpil, HO HÍHCHOCTH, HO HCHTTH, 3 HKOIOCb „XpHCTHHHCfeKOJO ipO- hígio" a6o h „poMaHTH^Hoio ipoHÍGio", hk ho rpaniKH, ho flypHHH,i, Ho ,,cyGTH cyGTCTBiä", hk Kance Bohchh tojiobík. Bojkhh hojiobík i KnpHjio Typ g CHMBOJiaMH uhx MÍCTHHHO-XpHCTHHHCbKHX moth-bíb ineojiori'i paHHboro Kyjiima, mothbíb, hkí — hk bíh TOfli ranaB - g npOBinHHMH BHyTpilHHlMH MOTHBaMH yKpaiHCbKOrO HCHTTH. I npaBHHBe xphcthhhctbo Boncoro nojioBÍKa i „loponcTBo" Knpnjia Typa — BHpa3 Toro caMoro BHyTpiniHboro CTpeMJiiHHH ho Bora (mothbh 3 ABťyCTHHa, nOBTOpeHÍ BHCe CKOBOponOIO) ; Ta HäBÍTb 3a- nopijKCbKa „ryjitHH" — BHpa3 toto caMoro „ôesne^Horo Ta hko-roct. cMyTHoro" norjinny Ha cbít, ,,ryjiHJiH bohh i ryjibHeio hobo-flHjiH, mo Bce Ha cbítí cycTa", 60 ,,K03anbKoi nymi i Becb cbít He nonoBHHB 6h ... Tíjibkh ohhh Bor Moace i"í chobhhth"; jkhtth „no-Maace no ryôax MepoM, th HyMaGm: OTTyr to niaCTa! am. rjiHHeni — yce OHHa oMaHa", — ,,yce" — KpiM Binnpro cyny nan JiiOHCb- KHMH BHHHKaMH, KpÍM OCTaHHÍX BHpOKÍB HaH 3JIOM Ta HOÖpOM, HaH jkhbhm Ta MepTBHM, hkí Kyjiini BKJianaG b ycTa BoacoMy hojiobíkobí. „iBaHHH EproxoBeiibKoro rocnonB rpixoM yace nonapaB; a npaBea,-HOMy hojiobíkobí aKoi Tpe6a HarpaaH? . . CjiaBH Tpeßa mhpobí, a He TOMy, xto cjiaBeH. Mnp Hexan HaB^acTBca npôpy, cayxaiOHH, aK oa,aaBaaH HCH3HB 3a aioncBKe ÖJiaro, a cjiaBHOMy cjiaBa y Bora!" TaK ctoítb cnpaBa 3 BapricTio jiiohhhh Ta BCBoro aioncBKoro, ajie TaK eaivre i 3 ix oyrraM: ,,3aBepyxa . . . nojiaMjie CTape aepeBO... a HOMy yKa3aB rocnonB pocTH íí hbícth, Te fi ocTaHeTBca, i Kpacy-GTBCH Becejio Ta nramio, mob Í3 posy i xypTOBHHH He 6a*niao ... " TatCHH iCTOpHHHHH 0HTHMÍ3M He 3aJIHHiaB KyjlÍHia Í B HaHTHHCHi iCTOpHHHÍ ^laCH. 13. 3 ÍHHIHX ,,KHpHJI0-MeT0nÍlBHÍB" B. BÍJI03epCBKHH (1825-99) BHCTynaB jiHHie hk acypHaaicT (penaiCTop „Ochobh" Ta íh.). OnaHa-cobí MapKOBHHeBi (1822-67) neaKHO nac npmiHcyBaaH aBTopcTBO onoßinaHB Mapna BoBHKa, noKH He Ôyjio npBeneHe, mo bohh nneam Horo flpyjKHHoio. OaeiceaHnep HaBpoubkhh (1823-1902) nonaB na-caTH yKpamcBKi Biprai m,e 1847 p. Bíh nepeicaanaB MiniceBHHa, XoMflKOBa, FeTe, Hliaaepa, BaöpoHa, TaííHe. TnnoBHH He jranie bh-6ip aBTopiB, ajie h TeM (poMaHTHHHa TeMa uom: ,,3opi" XoMHKOBa), nÍ3HÍme bíh 3BepTaGTBca i po couiíiJiBHoi noe3ÍI (3HeceHHH Kpinan,-TBä). IlHHiyHH nonacTH HaponHHMH po3MÍpaMH, bíh Hacainye ô IIIeB-neHKOBi pHMH (rai: :noBÍBae, raio: :cnÍBaeiH, Toni: :pHoapÍB, i t. p.), ajie He yTpHMyeTBca b Meacax cnpaBacHix cnÍB3ByH (Hanp., pHMye: TbMÍ::3eMai, xyapßy: :Top6y) Ta SoMy 30bcím He BnaGTBca, He 3Ba-acaio^H Ha UleB^eHKOBi „HenoBHi phmh", 3BÍaBHHTHca Bin. phm rpa- MaTHHHHX. IIopy*I HleBHeHKÍBCBKHX p03MÍpÍB bíh yacHBaG no3HHe- hhx y pociöcBKoro noexa KoaBnoBa: Iloae MOG, noae, He opaHe noae! JXojie Moa, pojie, HenporjiaaHa noae! rjiHHy a Ha noae — rycTO 3eaeHÍG, He acHTo-nnieHHna — TpaBa noaoBÍG. Topil nOTHXOHBKy b niHHOK noMan^pyio, tígi anxoi TponiKH noKyniTyio. 3 Benopa 30 paHKa 6yn,y KyniTyBaTH — b 3ejieHÍM 6aöpau;i flOJli BHrJIHflaTH. BanHMo TyT tbjiobí npHKpacn HaponHo-niceHHoro cthjik) (noaBifim cjiOBa, eniTeTH 6e3 ímchhhkíb: „tígi jihxoi" i t. n,.), nopyn nboro pycH3MH (HenpornaaHa, noTHXoHbKy). 3ap5yTH coôi nonyaapHocTH hk noeT HaBpoiĺbKHH He cnpoMirca. ÜHcaB bíh i pociäcbKi Bipmi. 14. KHpHJiO'MeTOfliiBCbKe TOBapHCTBo npoicHyBajio JIHHie KO-poTKHÍí nac. 3ycTpin y HBOMy Kyaiina, KocTOMapoBa Ta IIIeBHeHKa 3 íhuihmh ,,6paTHHKaMH" MOJKe 3flaBaTHCB jiHuie BHnaflKOBoio. ripo-Te, „KHiBCbKa poMaHTHKa" Mae cboí BHpa3Hi pncH, mp cnojiynyiOTB y enmcTB i reHÍHJiBHi npopoirrBa IIIeBneHKa, i „Khoth ôhtíh", i nepini jiiTepaTypHi cnpoÖH Kyjiiuia. IJ^e poMaHTH*ma iaeoaoria, 3a-ôapBaena b ubOMy Koai BHpa3HO coniaabHo Ta noaÍTHnHo, Ta — BÍnnoBinHo np n,yxy poMaHTHHHoro CBiTorjiany — „MeciamcTHHHo". Ha Micnp nporpaMH, oöepHeHoi np ineani30BaHoro MHHyjioro „IcTopii Pyciß" Ta HaponHoro noöyiy, CTae noMaay nporpaMa, 3BepHeHa ijuikom np yKpamcBKoI cynacHOCTH Ta yKpamcBKoro maiíôyTHboro. H,a nporpaMa BeaHKOio Mipow oBÍHHa flyxoM con.iflnbHoro xpncTH-ÄHCTBa Ta noaiTH^Horo caoB'aHOípinbCTBa. Ajie ronoBHa Soro pnca — yHBjíeHHH npo YKpamy, ak aoiBy HaponHy niaicTb, jkhttgbí chjih HK01 He BTpaneHi Ta He 3aBMepan. 3aMicTB innaiHHOro o6pa3y nepen, KHSHaMH CTae nocTaTb YKpamH hk niaicHoro opraHÍ3My 3 peaabHHMH noTpeöaMH, CTpeMaÍHHHMH, iHTepecaMH — Ta HaBÍTB — y MHHyjioMy Ta b cyaacHOCTi — npoTHpinnaMH iHTepeciß. KpiM po-MaHTHKH, Ha ino nporpaMy BnaHHyan Bace 3HaHHÍ nopoMaHTHHHi cnan: con.iaabHe xpHcraaHCTBo Ta eon,iaabHi i noaÍTHHHi Teni'i Saxony. EHTy3iacTHaHa Ta ecxaToaorinHa nporpaMa He Moraa BTpn-MaTHCH, hk nporpaMa n,ianbH0CTH. Aae BOHa HanoBro 3aaHHinnacH b cbíhomoctí yKpai'HCbKoro cycniabCTBa hk nonaTOK aKorocb noBo-poTy, hk „ryK BOCKpecHol Tpy6n apxaHreaa". „Konn roBopeHo Koan-He6ynB no npaBni, mo cepiip oacnao, mo oai 3aropinncH, mp Hafl noaoM y noaoBÍKa 3acBÍTHBca nonoM'HHHH h3hk, to np 6yao Ton,i y Khgbí", — 3raflyBaB Kyaim nÍ3HÍine. G. HÍ3HH pOMaHTHKa 1. JKaxaHBHH nac nÍ3HÍx pokíb MHKoaaiBCbKo'i enoxn 3aKÍHHHB-CH 3i cMepTK) iMnepaTopa 1855 p. B hKeHHH" Mine ynacHHKaMH jiiTepaTypHoro pyxy nonaTKÍB 60-x poKÍB He 6yjiH BHnanKOBHMH. Jlnuie CTapmi yaac-HHKH JiiTepaTypH 50-X-60-X pokíb Ta HeHHCJieHHi MOJionmi 6yjiH mo npeacTaBHHKH JiiTepaTypHoi poMaHTHKH: II. Ky3bMeHKo, CToponceH-ko; poMaHTHHHi Hora g me b nepuiHx nHcaHHflx neKoro 3 npencTaB- HHKÍB HOBHX JlÍTepaTypHHX HaCTpo'lB. BÍJIbUlÍCTb HOBHX nHCbMeHHH- kíb opiGHTyBajiacH Ha hobí JliTepaTypHi HanpHMH, mo thm nacoM po3-KBiTajiH b 3axinmx Ta b pociöcbKiH jiÍTepaTypi. HoBe hokojiíhhh bhh-jioch Ha nHcaHHflx „Mojionpí HiMe^HHHH", }KopjK Cann,, TypreHCBa Ta HeKpacoBa, a6o moHanMeHuie npnOMajio i'x JliTepaTypHi ycTpeiw-jiíhhh Ta npoöyßajio nepeHecTH i'x Ha yKpaiHCLKHH ťpyHT. 3. JXo CTapmoro hokojiíhhh poMaHTHKÍB Hajie^KaB HacaMnepen, HleBMeHKO. Bíh Ha 3acjiaHHÍ KÍJibKa pokíb B3arajii BipmoM Hr-ioro He nHcaB (1851-6). CnpoôyBaB bíh nepo Ha pociôcbKHx noBicrax (ne-b'htb), hkí HajieHíaTb no „yKpai'HCbKoi uikojih" pociöcbKoI JiÍTepaTypn. Bohh HepÍBHoi hkocth, ajie HaimiKaBime, mo IHeBneHKo cxhjihgtbch b HHx 30 cthjiío tígí nepexon,OBo'i JiiTepaTypHoi Tenii, HKy b pociS-CbKiä jiiTepaTypi 3anoHaTKyßaB Torojib, HKa 3HaHuijia BÍnryK y po-ciäcbKHx noBicTHx Kyjiiuia, nncaHHX y 50-x poKax, — TaK 3BaHoro ,,HaTypajiÍ3My". HeivraG cyMHiBy, mo Ha IIIeB^eHKa Ma jih HiiMajiHH BnjiHB i 3axipHÍ npepcTaBHHKH cnopipHeHoro cthjiio, 30KpeMa JKopnc CaHn. Ta, MaöyTb, i ZUKKeHC (ahb. EKCKypc V). Ajie He öpanyc i BÍn,- ryKÍB cthjho ,,6aOpOHÍHHOÍ noeMH". UleB^eHKO 3ajIHUIHBCH BÍpHHM cboíh yKpa'ÍHCbKÍH TeMaTHiíi Ta oÔMewcyeTbCH, KpiM aBTooiorpacpÍHHoi noßiCTH ,,XyaojKHHK", Ha MajiiOHKH 3 JKHTTH yKpamcbKoro CeJIHHH-Ha-KpinaKa Ta yKpai'HCbKoro naHCTBa. — Kmei^b 3acjiaHHH noBep-Hyß BejíHKoro noeTa 3HOBy po BÍpmyBaHH. OcTaHHi Bipmi noeTa npyKyiOTbCH 3a Tpannmeio, hk ocTaHHH nacTHHa ,,Ko63apH". Hh nyeMo mh TyT hobí mothbh, hh 3Haxon,HMo MH TyT HOBÍ CTHJIÍCTHHHÍ eJieMeHTH? XoTÍJIH 3HaHTH TyT ejieMeHTH HOBÍ, „peajiicTHMHÍ", ÖancaiOTb BinKpnTH b BÍpniax ocTaHHboro nepiony HOBHH „KJIHCHHHHH" CTHJIb (p03yMÍGTbCH, He THny ,,KJIHCHHH3My" 18 b., a TaKoro KJiHCHHH3My, hkhh penpe3eHTyioTb Tere aôo Illiji-jiep). Iii norjinnH ne 30bcím oôYpyHTOBaHÍ. — IHeB^eHKO noHHHaG HaHOßo 1857 p. CBOK) noeTHHHy TBopnicTb b yKpa'ÍHCbKÍH mobí nepe-poÔKOK) ,,MocKajieBoi kphhhhí" (1847). I Tenep 3-nin, nepa öoro bh- 452 jiHBaGTbca THiroBa ,,6aiipoHiHHa noeMa", hh jiinme pOMaHTHHHa ,,Biab-Ha noeMa". Ajie mo me ijiKaBinie, i hobI noeMH Ha HOBi tcmh — „He-ocpiTH" Ta ,,Mapifl", Ta HaniBnaponiHHHH ,,Caya", HiaK He Binxn-jijhotbch Bin, cthjik) ,,BijitH0i noeMH", — i Bci ni noeMH 36ynO-BaHi 3 oKpeMHX cneH, i TyT aBTop yBecb nac nepepHBae ee6e, 3Bep-TaiOHHCa no niHOBHx oci6, no caMoro ce6e: ,,Heo(piTH": „1 th, i hh onHa th ..." — 10 panKiB, ,,0 HepoHe ..." — 11, ,,rope 3 BaMH, koto 6jiaraTH bh npHHinan? . ." — 13, „1 bh, naeSei'-rpenKOcil" — 4, ,,JIiothh, jiiothh, Mep3eHHHH cTapne" (Phm) — 8, „JX& ^k th 6yaa? JXe th cxoBajiact?" — 11 i t. 3.; ,,Mapia": ,,0, cBrre Ham He3axonii-mhh" — 27, ,,0, cTapae HenpaBenHHii" — 16, „£{e jk noniBCb nHBoa-hhh rocTb otoh jiyKaBHH ?", ,,Mapie, ropeHbKo 3 to6ok) . . ." —5; ,.rope HaM 6yjio 6. . ." — 5 i t. n.. Illo yci mini pncn ,,BiabHoi noeMH" yTpHMaHo b hobhx noeMax, aenco MoatHa noSanHTH, 'ix neperaaHyB-ra. JlHme Saaann 3HHKaiOTB 3 tbophocth IIIeBHeHKa, y toh nae, hk ,,peajiicTH", nanp. HeKpacoB, yTBopHJiH hobhh ran „peaaicTHa-ho! 6aaanH". Ajie n.o 6aaan, HaSanaiaioTbCH Bipini ,,THTapiBHa-He-MHpiBHa", ,,Han. ^tmnpoBoio caroio". HIeBaeHKo 3H0By nnme n nic-Hi („Qh, Ha ropi poMeH uBrre", ,,0h, Maio, Maio a oneHara", „0h, niSposo, TeMHHn raio", ^ene Bona", nepecniB cep6cbKoi nicm) i Ha-eainyBaHHa cb. rincbMa (ncaaMH, Ocia, G3eKi*iab). Po3MipHo 6iab-nie Tenep aneao pecpaeKCHBHHX BipiniB, BipmiB-MipKyBaHb, THnoBHX naa ni3Ht.oi' poMaHTHKH. niacHaeHHH coniaabHHX Ta noaiTHHHHX (aHTHn_epKOBHHx b to My HHcai) BipmiB — Jinme BinSHBae 3araabni HacTpoi' np6H. . . 3>opMaabHHH 6ik HleBaeHKiBCbKoro Bipmy 3aaHina-GTBca Mafiace toh caMHfi: anine aacTimi tohhI phmh — yce HaM 3Ha-fioMe 3 paHimnx BipmiB HleBaeHKa. He BinMOBaaeTbca HleBneHKO i Bin, CBoix yaio6aeHHX 3aco6iB ,,iHCTpyMeHTan,ii" Bipmy. JJ^ochtb 3ranaTH: Oh niopOBO, tcmhhh raio, Te-raio Te6e onarae Te-6e-rae TpHHi Ha piK . .. BaraToro 6a-ra-To co(5i SaTbKa Maem. 6i-6a-ae Pa3 yKpHG Te6e pacHO pa-yK-pn-pa 3eaeHHM noKpoBOM, oK-po aac caM co6i nHByeTbca ca-co-n.H-By-ca Ha cbok) nidpoBy ... ni-po-By 3HaftneMo i nonBiihri caoBa: ctohom-R3bohom, orHeM-cab030K>, xBa-jiHm-BHXBaaaem. .. HoBe xi6a neBHe 3HHaceHHa aeKCHKH b noaiTHH-hhx Bipmax; pi3Ki BHpa3H, aKi, onHane, 3HaftneMo b HleBHemca b no-aiTHHHHx Bipmax i nonepenHboi npSn. HIeBneHKo HaBiTb, 3naeTbca, 453 HaBMHCHe „3HHHcye" m o By, Hanp., npn npnoM03i HaponHoro „toh", „Taa" i t. a,.: „t o h -chhkjiht", „CBAToro toto anocToaa IleT-pa", „i noBean... t o r o anocToaa" i t. n,. Baaena TeinaTHKa IIIeB-aeHKa He 3MÍHHaaca — ľlpaBna, CaoBo, yKpama. HOBe B TeMaTHHJ — BÍp;cyTHÍCTb yKpaiHCBKHX iCTOpHaHHX TeM, aae 3ip noeTa Tenep 3BepHyBca ap cyaacHOCTH Ta 6ynyaHHH: nopya „ÍIkôh th BornaHe h'hhhh" — npoponbKHH Bipni „ByBa-jiH bohhh" : OcTaancb uiauieai, rpn3yTb, acepyTB i TaaTB CTaporo nina. A OH, KOpÍHHa THXO, aioôo 3eaeHi napocri pocTyTb. I BHpOCTyTB: i 6e3 COKHpH, aac 3apeBe Ta 3aryae, K03aK 6e3BepxHH ynaap, po3TpomHTB TpoH, nopBe nopdpipy, po3p;aBHTb Bamoro KyMHpa, aioflCbKii manieai! .. .. . a MH noMoaHMOca Bory i HeôaraTil i HeBÖori. Bnpa3Ho noBepTaeTbca 3ip noeTa i ho onpeMoi aionHHH Ta 3ynnHH-GTbca yBaatHo Han, ľi npaBOM Ha »chtth, Ha macTa: Moace n,e S aB-Toöiorpadpiam hoth, aae bohh híôh MaiOTb i (piaococpiaHi ninBa-aHHH („aHTponoaorÍ3M") Ta noxonaTb 3 ranôoKHX po3n,yMyBaHb UleBaeHKa. I, MaôyTb, y 3B'a3Ky 3 nieio 3míhok> noraany cto-1Tb i hobhh BapiaHT erapoi TeMH ,,HeodpÍTÍB" Ta „Mapii", — i Ty t, hk y paHiuiHx TBopax, MaTH Ta HHTHHa, aae nHTHHa CTae Bace npo-poKOM, nponoBinHHKOM, anocToaoM, Meciero hoboY híhchocth. MaTH cainye 3a hhm a6o nponoBacye noro niao HaBÍTb i no öoro 3a-rnöeai. I Koan mh oaanan b pamnrax noeMax LQeBaeHKa Hanio-HaabHy cHMBoaiKy, to, po3yMÍGTbca, noBHHHi öaaHTH Ii ö TyT: b imx noeMax npo Marip, npo CHHa-6opna — anocToaa a6o Me-cík). H,e BHcaiß HOBHX Hanm LLIeBaeHKa Ha MaHÖyrae YKpaiHH. Haan öoro He 36yBaaHca. I 3 cyMOM nnine bíh 3a KiabKa TnacmB no CMepTH: I neHb ine, i ma ine ... I, roaoBy cxonHBmn b pyKH, HHByGinca: aoMy He one anocToa npaBna i HayKH.* *) jj,o peii, u,i pHAKH noKa3yK)Ti>, mo UleB^eHKo He BBaaiaB t&khm „ano-ctojiom", am BejiiHCbKoro, aHi HepKHineBCbKoro, am HeicpacoBa, aHi HaBiTb-Tepi^eHa, ak ue TBepAHTbCH Tenep b TBopax paAHHCbKHX JiiTepaTypo3HaBU,iB. 4. „AnocToji npaBnn i HayKn" He npHÖniOB i no CMepri IIIeB-^leHKa. Ajie xpanimiH yKpaiHCtKoro jiiTepaxypHoro jkhtth Bace He nepepHBajiacH. Jiňme toh i cthjib piniyne 3míhhjihch — poMaHTHKa 3aKÍHHHJiacH, nonaBCH nac „peajiÍ3My". I TyT Menta míjk jiirepaTyp-HHMH HanpHMaMH 6yjia TaK caMo HepÍ3Ka, hk i míjk íhhihmh yKpa- ÍHCbKHMH JlÍTepaTypHHMH HanpHMaMH. CaMe TOH Han3BHHaHHHH BnjiHB, mp noro MaB b yKpamcbKÍH JirrepaTypi IIIeB^eHKO, i HKHÖ He 3MeHHiyBaBCH, a ine 3pocTaß 3 naeoM, me öijibine CTHpaB MeHci míjk JíiTepaTypoio poMaHTHKH Ta nÍ3HÍinoro nepiony. I npoTe Bipnii nonieBneHKÍBCbKoí noon 3obcím íhhií, híjk IIIeB- HeHKÍBCbKÍ. JlHUie OHHH 3 nHCLMeHHHKÍB pOMaHTH^HOl H,o6h CBÍnO- mo 3ajiHHiHBCH n n,ajii b UleBHeHKOBin Tpan,Hiní, — n. Kyjiiui. Kyjiiru BHCTynae 3HOBy hk noeT jinuie no CMepTi HleB^eHKa. Bate 1862 p. 3'hbjihk>tích „.ZJocbítkh", nepina no „yKpami" Bipruo-BaHa 36ipKa Kyjiima. Bíh caM roBopHXb, inp xo^e nepeÖHHTH cnan,-niHHy nieBHeHKa, noro „Ko63y": OH, MOBHaB H, ÖpaTTH, cjiobom He 03BaBCH, nOKH ÖaTbKO yKpaiHCbKHH nicHeio BnHßaBCH. Hh 30 BÍKy m., SpaTTH, ôyneMo MOBHaTH? BjiarocjioBÍTb Mem KOÔ3y HÍMyiO y3HTH! IlinTHrHy h CTpyHH Ha rOJIOC BHCOKHH. He cyMyň, Tapace 6aTbKy, B MOniJli rjIHÖOKiÖ . . . Bíh xone nponpBJKyßaTH cnpaBy IHeBneHKa: Hh jk Mení no toôí cyMOM cyMyBaTH? Hh tbok) poöoTy B3HTH HOKÍH^iaTH? J-loKÍHHaK), 6paTe, He 3arnHy MapHe, BTÍmy yKpa'ÍHy, MaTÍp 6e3TajiaHHy ... B Hacjiip,yBaHHÍ HleßneHKa i CHjia i cjiaOKÍCTb „JIocbítok". Kyjiim Bipmye 3ne6ijibina HleBHeHKÍBCbKHMH po3MÍpaMH. Ajie ne e jrame caMooMaHa! HacjiinyBaHHH niceHHHx phtmíb bíh 3emí- HHG Maöace 3aBac,a;H (bhhhtkh — KijibKa niceHb Ta OKpeMHX Micnb) BBHHaÖHHM tohíhhhm BipineM pociäcbKoro rany 3 njjiKOM píbho-MipHHM HepryBaHHHM HarojiociB. Bace n,e poÖHTb öoro Bipni npo-TH Bipmy IIIeBneHKa onHOMamTHHM, He 3Ba»caK>HH Ha Te, mp Ky-jiíhi nacTo míhhg po3MÍpn. HeMae b Hboro i CBoepinHocTH IHeBieH-kíbcbkhx pHM, jiHuie 3pinKa phmh HenoBHi (MapHe :: 6e3TajiaHHy, no-xoBajiH :: Majio, nynp:: Jiyna, öoro :: cpiöpHopornn, npo3HBaio :: cbh-Taa i t. n,.), Hepin,K0 n,e jiHuie xhohí phmh (naHCTBo: imracTBo, Ba-peHHM: :noMepjiHx). EpaKye i He3pÍBHHHoi My3HHHocth IHeBneHKiB-cbKoi MOBH, xon BipHe HacjiinyBaHHH IIIeBHeHKa nacTo Bene Kyjiiuia i no flocHTb B^ajinx cnÍB3Byn b OKpeMHX pa/iKax: 7-IÍ3H chbí roBopjiHBi, ni-flH-ro-Bi-jiH-Bi rojiyßoHbKH 6ypKOTJiHBÍ... ro-6o-6y-KO-jra-BÍ i t. ji., aöo npHHaÖMHi b OKpeMHX BHpa3ax: y TeMHiň TeMHori, a6o (noBTopeHHH p-p-p): „ÖJiHCHyjia rpiMHHUH i3 nopHoi xMapn" Ta „peBHyjiH rapMaTH". Kyjiiui, a k i íhuií noeTH npôH, 3naGTbCH, npocTO He homíthb hhx pne IIIeBneHKOBoro Bipmy. 3aTe Kyjiiui Han,3BH*iaHHo KoxaeTbca b HacjiiflyBaHHi niceHHoro cthjikd, i TyT 6araTo B^ajioro. Ajie xe, mo y IIIeBHeHKa ôyjio b cepni, y Kyjiima 6yjio b tojiobí: bíh He e BÍjibHHH TBopent niceHb, a jinnie CTapaHHHH HacjiinyBan fioMy Hoope bíhomoí niceHHoi noe3Íi. ToMy 3HaHneMo b Hboro HHCJieHHi Ha-ponm, IIIeBMeHKiBCbKi, a íhohí i BjiacHi eniTeTH: Bime cepn,e, nncTe nojie, híobtí nicKH, npióHi cjibo3h, mojiohhk cpiöpHopornfi, ji&hh He-opaHi, bhcokíí nyMH i t. n,.; ajie iHoni ni eniTera „BneHi", BHrana-hí: 6e3xaTHee nTacTBo, ß'HJie cepíne i t. n. Kyjiiui B>KiiBac i non,BÍŘ-HHX cjiíb: njiaKaTH-pHflaTH, 6pen,y-nepexojKy, BOBKH-cipoMaHni, ona-MH-3opaMH, HiHpoKe-rjiHÖoKe, Ta nacTo npocTO UHTye nicHi: Thxo TJyHafi, thxo Hece HHCTy Bony ... He no ohhím K03aneHbKy 3anjiaKajia Mara ... Hom, /JyHaio, cTaB th MyTeH, CTaB th MyTeH, KajiaMyTeH ... OS He BCTHr ace K03aK TojiKa Ha KOHHKa ciCTH, - CTajiH noro naHBjepHHKÍB Ha Kanyciy cíkth ... XoHty SeperaMH, Ta h He HaxoHcycH ... i t. n. ľloeTHKa Haponmix nicem. y Kyaiuia BHKopncTaHa HaBÍTb niHpme, híhc y IIIeBaeHKa. I Bce ac ôoro Bipini Bin. niceHb 3HaaHO naabini, híhí IIIeB*ieHKOBÍ. KpiM niceHb, bíh BHKopHCTOBye i cbog yjiKJÔjieHe „Cjiobo o nojiKy Iropesi"; 3bí;hkh nacTo „CTpyHH jkhbíí", aóo panien: Hhkjih xpaBH acaaomaMH, rHyjiocb apeBo 3 Tyrn ... CnncaMH opaTH, TpynoM 3acisaTH ... Oň hkí to 6yneM atHHBa 3 Toro ciBy Mara? i t. n. PoMaHTHHHi ine fi (popivra: ôaaanH, noeMH („HacTyca", „Be-aHKi npoBoaH") 3 neBHHMH pncaMH poMäHTHHHHx noeM, híchí, ro- JIOBHe, - ÍCTOpHHHÍ „flyMH". jj,0 TOľO BÍpiHÍ KyaÍHia HaCKpÍ3b chm- bojiíhhí (npo ne n,hb. m,e naai), ix CKaanHa KyabTypHO-cpiaoco^iHHa Ta ncHXOJioriHHa CHMBoaÍKa Haranye TpanHniio xapKÍBCbKo! poMan-thkh ôiabnie, hímí HleBHeHKa. TeMaTHKa HleB^eHKa, HaBÍTb K03a-KocpijibCTBo BHpa3He, b toh nac, hk Kyaiin y cbo'íx noraanax BHte cxhjihbch no noBHoi Heťanii' no3HTHBHoi pojii K03aHHHHH b yKpam-cbKifi icTopi'i. 3ycTpÍHaeMO b Kyaiuia IIIeBneHKOBi „ripaBny" i „Cao-bo": „Hania npaBna, HaponHH ocHOBa", ,,a mh 6yneM CBHTy npaB-ny čiara b Haponi", . . . cnoHHBae Hame caoBo b hímhx rpoôoBHinax . .. oacHBHTb aíHBee caoBo piniiy yKpai'Hy . . . i 3B'ji3aHHH 3 hhm oôpa3 Ko63apa, ni;o „Biinye": ... ôyne jkhth Hanie caoBo, 6yne! BjiacHHÔ mothb, hkhíí Kyjiini Aonae np IIIeB^eHKOBOi chmbojiíkh — Kyabrypa: Orenn moí mnpoKi'í, niaHHo oabíhhh! Xto 3ope Bac Ta 3acie —■ caaBa TOMy Bŕma! JJacepeao KyabTypn — cepne (npo ne naai). I Bce ac .„ZJocbítkh" Kyaiuia e, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, CBoepinHa, aíHBa noeTHHHa 3ÔipKa, hkhx HeôaraTO b yKpaiHCbKiii airepaTypi. SHa^HO 457 opHťmaaBHinia i Hě MéHinoí iioothhhoí b&ptocth noro n,pyra 36ip-Ka, inp BHOnijia 20 pokíb ni3HÍme, „XyTopHa noe3Ía", m,e nÍ3HÍuie „7Í3bíh" (1893). 3a neií nac Kyaiiu nepeacHB 6araTO 3míh y cboIh npjii, b HacTpoax, b icTopnnHHX noraanax, npnonioB no noBHol He-ťami icTopHMHoi pojii K03aiíTBa, np BH3HaHHH KyabTypHoi poai IIoaBuii Ta Mockbh Ha YRpaim. BinryKH iihx noro nyMOK y 3Öip-Kax „pe(pneKcÍHHHx", KyaBTypHo-ípinococpmHHx BipmiB HanöinBin oÖypHJiH noro cynacHHKÍB, Ta ninÖHBaan h nÍ3HÍHiHX HocainHMKÍB npoTH noe3ii' ,,nÍ3HBoro Kyjiima". HiiMajio cnpnaaa HeraTHBiiiá onmn,i 3ÖipoK ix CTHJiicTHHHa 3anÍ3HeHÍCTB — np pe(pJieKCÍHHa Jii-pHKa b nyci nÍ3Hto'i poMaHTiiKH 3 Han,3BHHaimo HCKpaBo niflKpecjie-HHMH o6pa3aMH Ta nyMKaMH poMaHTHHHoro THny, anine nonacra nepeBeneHHMH b HOBy „cyaacHy" (ppa3eoaoriio. Ajie nopyn Bip-hiíb Ta uíjihx ix iraKaiB, nip g cnpoöaMH noeranHoi noaeMi-KH 3 KocTOMapoBHM, MopnoBiipM Ta tígk) öiabuiicTK) yKpaiHCBKoro cycniatcTBa, 11^0 HeraTHBHo CTaBHaaca np pociöctKoro a6coaioTH3-My neTpa I Ta KaTepHHH II, Ta h 3 IIIeBneHKOM, anoro K03aK0-(piatcTBo 3aKpHBaG Tenep nepejj Kyainieivr HaßiTb 3HaaeHHH öoro „caoBa", Ta fi caMHM coöoio, MacMO TyT i rapHi necteaaci i nrapi Jii-PHHHÍ Bipnii. HäHno3HTHBHÍnia (popManLHa pnca nÍ3HÍx BipmiB Kyaima g ix pHTMiKa — bíh, 3aanmaiOHH Tenep niceHHi po3Mipn Mafiace iiďikom, ynpoBanacye 3aTe b yicpamcBKy noe3ÍK) 30bcím HOBe öaraTCTBo to- HÍHHHX p03MÍpÍB Ta pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍCTÍ> CTpo(p. H,a nniUHÍCTB phtmíkh BHKynae HaBÍTt ôíhhíctb phmh ia HeBnaai HenoBHi phmh: po3niaeH-Ha::naeM'a, noacapiß: :Tep3aan, noniBCTBo: :anxoi'MCTBo i t. n,. JXo Toro Kyjiiin npcarHyB y cboíx ni3HÍx Bipniax BeaHKoro bmíhhh bhc-aoBy; ôoro noe-ranm (popMyan npcaraiOTB nacTo IIIeBneHKíBCBKoi BHCOTH, xon 3MÍCT öoro nyMOK Moace HaM aacTO íl HeCHMnaTHnHHH. Ocb npHKaann, — HaBÍTB caaBH03BÍCHe: Hapone 6e3 nyTTa, 6e3 necTH i noBarn, 6e3 npaBflH y 3aBÍTax npen.KÍB hhkhx ... — a6o caMOxapaKTepncTHKa: h He noeT i He icTopHK, hí! H nioHep 3 coKHpoK) BaacKoio: TepeH Koaioaníi b pinmS CToponi BHpyöyio Tpyn,ampio pyKOio... — aôo riMH „xyTopaM": IliCHHMH MH TyT 3 BorOM p03MOBaHGM, BceaeHHa cepino HamoMy BiflKpHTa, 458 i o6jiacTÍ mh uiHpnii npcaraeM, HÍJK Ta 6ÍflHOTa, 30JI0T0M OKpHTa ... aĎO TaKÍ CTHCJli, HeMHOrOCJIOBHÍ MajIIOHKH, HK Oa, Bhcjih po CyjiH Kypnaocb noacapúme, cojionKe KypHBo TypenbKOMy cyjiTaHy . . . I XJliÓ, MOB 30JIOTO, B CTenax 3aK0JIHXaBCfl, i KonH npocTarjiHCb aac no caMi IIoporH! .. — xa caMHH „3acnÍB" „XyTopHoi noe3Íi": K0630 moh, HenopoHHa yTixo, HOM TH MOBHHHI, 3an3BOHH MCHÍ CTHXa, rojiocoM npaBnn cbhtoi hsbohh, Haniy TicnoTy ripny cnoM'aHH. Moace hhg ine He cniaaeHe cepíne BajKKo 3a6'eTbca, no cepna o3BeTbca, oaHjrypi cTpyHa po CTpyHH ... UIonpaBna, MOBy nÍ3HÍx 36ipoK Kyjiima poóaaTb naa nÍ3HÍninx noKoaiHt ne3BHHaHHOio noro nncaeHHi caoB'am3MH (6aar, npax, rpanyme, raaBeHCTBO, Bpar, íctohhhk. 6htíh, BepTorpaa. i t. p.), no-pyn nboro e piaiti a6o HaHOBo BHKyBam caoBa (TÍMoxa, nepeSoBK, BaroHHTn — npo BariTHy ariHKy, b 6pnTaH = y 6pHTaHH,íb, Moro-Ta; cKaanm caoBa. hk: BLjaijbKOByG, B6e3nenyG i t. p.), HesBHnafi-hí Haroaocn ( npócBÍTi, b Kananá, KpoBH, ropoaniné i t. p.). ITpo-Te MaeMO TyT i HHcaeHHi rapHi, a íhohí i nonHByrinHi CKaanHi cjioBa: 3eMHonpocTopHÍ, Koca TpaBOHcepHa, caMÍTHonpeMaHBHH, 30JI0T0ÍCKpHBHH. TBOpaHH MOBy pjlR „BHCOKHX nyMOK", CO BHte b ,,7-íocBÍTKax" bíh HacTpoiOBaB Ko63y „Ha roaoc bhcokhh", Ky-aiin He ocTepiraeTbca npo3ai3MÍB: híopctokhh aTaBÍ3M TarapcbKOi Mookbh, caMyM, rypnKaHH, íhcthhkt, npaKTHHHinioí, y3ypnanii, 6e3-naaTHnn ■— y aipnaHnx Bipniax 3aMÍCTb „bhcokocth" TBopaTb 30B-cím mnie BpaaceHHH. TeMaTHKa BipiniB 3aanmaeTbca poMaHTHHHoio, He 3Baa*aiOHH Ha 3axonaeHHa Kyainia TeMoio „HayKn": HayKO-HeHe! BHKyn th HaM nayra, i hhm caMa opara noMoaui. .. — aae ueň BnaHB no3HTHBÍ3My (Kyaini roBopnTb HaBÍTb cneniaabHO npo morhí 3a 60-hx pokíb „npHponHHni HayKH") He nepeMarae ochob-hhx pne noro poMaHTHaHoro b gctbí CBiToraany; HaBÍTb i Hayíca b Hboro oČMeaceHa: 459 bobík Hayi4 He oöhhth, BCboro, mo Th (Bor) co3na,B gch . . . rOJIOBHi TeMH - CTapi: BOCKpeceHHH yKpaÍHH, CJIOBO i HOrO HO- ciö — noeT-npopoK, npaBna, cepíne, KyjibTypa, Cy^hth yicpaiHy pijme cjiobo 6yne — GflHHHH CKap6 y Te6e — piflHa MOBa, 3aKJiHTHÖ fljia cycincbKoro XHiKairrBa: BOHa TBOrO HCHTTH MÍH,Ha OCHOBa, noBHiiue Han yci cKapön h ÔaraTCTBa ... I nopyn CTaporo o6pa3a noeTa-Ko63apa, GnHHoro JKHBoro cepen, Hapony MepirÍB, 3ycTpinaGMo Tenep noeTa-npopoKa — thhobo poMaH-thhhhh o6pa3. üopy^: CKpoMHoro ... B mo'lM HeMyApÍM cjiobí öyjia HKacb HenoBinoMa cHJia . . . 3ycTpiaaGMo o6pa3H, hk „noe3ii 6ojKecTBeHHe nnxaHHa'', „npopoK npopoKoBi npHHOcHTb onpaBnaHHH" (npo rorojiii), „th HeBMnpymnfi nap, th h Han ijapHMH naH", „cbhto'í npaBnH xpaM". IIoe3ÍH — CHJia, mo BinponHTb yicpamy: Ko630-OpjIHHe! 3aKJIHH-3a,IJ,3BOHH 3 BHCOKOCTH, mp6 Ha tbíh noKjiHK CTapi no3pocTajiHca koctí i HenoBHHHo npojiHTaa KpoB oacHjia. . . HapaMH cjiOBa po3Man, mob Ty xMapy, Henpjiio, cjiobo HaM Bepne i CHjiy naBHe3Hy i bojiio . . . Ta noe3ifl — oHOBHTb He JiHine Hapon. i jhohctbo, a g CBjT npnponH: OHHCTHJiacb npHpona, mob BocKpecjia, y o6pa3i noe3Íi cbhto'í . . . I noeT-npopoK, hk y poMaHTHui, jKHBe Ta „cnißaG" ,,b cbhtíh caMo- THHÍ", ,,nÍCHH) 30pHK>K) npo na,JIbHÍH CBÍt" - nyiua noro KHnnTb, poKonyTb rpo3Ho CTpymi, i cHnjiioTb Ha 3eMHHx 6orÍB cboí nepyHH. Cjiobo noeTOBe — „cjiobo npaBnH", — . . . HacnnajiH BHCOKÍ MOrHJIH. B thx MorHJiax pinHHM TpynoM npaBny npHnymHJiH . .. 460 .. . npocßiaeHa npaßna mMyc. 3aroBopHTt BOHa i ap caMoro jma, nepeßepHe jiyKaBy cnopyay • •. 06pa3 Bona, — noera KHH3iBCbKHx naciß, g naa Kyjiima chmbo-jiom BiHHo'i npoBinHoi pojii noe3ii. lipo ochobh xoro CBiToraany, 3 HKoro BHpocTajiH b Kyjiiina ni o6pa3H — me KiJibKa cjiiß aaai. Kyjiiiu BHnaB caM a6o HanncaB (BHnam 3 fioro cnan.in.hhh) i KijibKa noeM, 3aKiH*ieHHx a6o h He3aKiHHeHHx („XyTopm Henp-rapKH"). IcTopHHHi — „Hacryca" Ta „BeaHKi npoBoan" (b „,3p-CBiTKax"), npyra 3 THnoBHM naa Kyjiiuia o6pa3oin uiaaxeTHoro „KyatTypHHKa" ToaKH, inp TpariiHo rHHe, He SHaxonann cniB^yTTH b piaHOMy yKpamcbKOMy oToneHHi, „Mapyca EorycaaBKa" (He3a-KimieHa, xoh Kyaiui nepepo6aaB ii iupHaHMeHiue TpH pa3H Ta 06-poÖHB aac 13 apBrnx „nicem." i'i) Ta „MaroMeT Ta Xannsa" — oÖHn-ßi Ha „opieHTaatm" TeMH, 3 bhcokok) oi^iHKOK) cxinHbo'i KyabTypn; y Äpyriö Kyaiui po3BHBae poMaHTHHHy (piaoco(piio jik>6obh. „Yaa-Ha KaiouiHHua", „rpHHbKO CKOBopona" Ta „Kyaiui y neicai" — nyö-ainHCTHHHi; He3aKiHHeHa „yaaHa" mön Maaa noflaTH noeTHHHHii Hapnc „XyTopHoi cpiaococpii". Teac cpparMeHTapHHH „HenprapoK", „CKOBopona" — CHyc TeMy yKpaiHcbKoi KyabTypn; „Kyaiui y neK-ai" — noTenHo 3anyMaHa, aae He TaK yace noTenHo npoBenpHa ca-Tnpa Ha noaiTHHHO-KyabTypHHX Boporiß Kyaiiua. üonaTO 6yao i jiaabnii noeMH.. . Bei noeMH Kyaiuia — noeMH pecpaeKcifim, xa-paKTepHCTHHHi naa ni3Hboi poMaHTHKH aßo caMoraix noeriB nopo-MaHTHHHoro Ha,ey (Hanp. BeaeTeHCbKi He3aKiHHeni „Romanzen vom Rosenkranz" Ka. BpeHTaHO, „K)Mop" OrapbOßa aöo ni3Hi, neaKi aniue nonaTi noeMH JlaMapTiHa aöo B. Tioro, b ocTaHHboro 30 pem, noMiTHMO i TaKe caMe 3aHTTa poMaHTHHHoro CBiToraany 3i CBiTO-raanpM „npocBineHOCTH" 60-x poKiß, hk y Kyaima). XapaKTepnc-thhho naa noeM Kyaima, mp noniä y hhx mon.i HeMac, aöo am, Ta HaßiTb pyxaHBa, pi3HOMamTHa aK b „Mapyci EorycaaBm" aöo „CKOBoponi", ne Maao öyrn nonaHe Bce hchtth (piaocoopMaabHO bohh He Bin,pi3HH-lOTbca Bin, ni3Hix Bipmiß Kyaima; BapTO 3ayBaatHTH bhchtok pi3-HOMamTHHX BipmoBaHHX (popM. IIpoTe KOMno3Hn;iHHo bohh 3aBaac-Ki. Aae b hhx po3cmraHO HHMaao oKpeMHX nepann, Moace HaBm> öiabine, aHiac y aipni^i Kyaima. üpoTe n,i nepaHHH 3ne6iabina ryö-aaTbca cepen, po3yMyBaHb, aKiM HaßiTb TaKHH 3fliÖHHH np rocTpo-ro BHcaoßy aBTop He 3yMiB aöo He 3Mir HanaTH noeTirraoro o(popM-aeHHH. ÜpoTe ainmi Micna Moran Ta Moacyrb cnpaBaaTH BpaaceHHH 461 i Ha TOfliiHHtoro i Ha cynacHoro HHTana. Bohh i 3n,o6yaH neBHy no-nyjiapHicTb, Ha acaab, BHpBam 3 KOHTeKCTy. Ocb „xyiopHa tpijio-cocpia" Kyainia b „yaam KaroniHKui": O thxí xyTOpH, Beaniri y MaaoMy, BeaHKi thm, mo e Haůay^ne, Kpain,e b Hac, 6afiflyaíHe naniHOMy i ropnpMy ConpMy ... Bh, aio6i BTeHHin;a KoxaHHa i HanxHeHHa Bin, KaMeHiOK-aiOHeH 6e3 cepiia & 6e3 yina! Ilíe He np3HaaH bh rrpHHyKH npocBimeHHH, ru;e Bac He nonaaa aKaneMÍHHa TbMa: noaaíÍTe ac racao HaM Honoro BocKpeceHHa, cnpaBaiTb ooiiyiHKy CBaiueHHoro IlHCbMa, mo icTHHy Koancb mh cepn,eM 3p03yMÍGM, HeBoaio po3yMOM nepeMora 3npaÍ6M. A60 rapm HaTypcpiaococpiHHi panKH 3 „Mapyci BorycaaBKH": Han CTenaMH coHue cae, BÍTep nonHxac, nonnxaG, mob Ha K063Í THxocTpyHHÍH rpaG. noHaninaioBaHO rycTo CTpyHH 30aOTÍl Ha CTenn, 6aaKH 3 piHKaMH, SaHpaKH KpyTii. Chg comje, BÍTep bíg, THpcy HaxnaaG: ^o CTpyHH cTpyHa Ha koó3Í CTHxa npoMOBaaG 6aHHm okom, Hyení yxoM, cepqeM po3yMÍGiH, a CKa3aTH — 3acniBaTH roaocHo He bmígih. HecKa3aHHe, neBHMOBHe Ko63a npoMOBaae, i csaTHMH nonyTTaMH cepn,e HanoBHae. I B03H0CHTb noro Bropy bír 3eMHoro aoHa, mob KpnaaTi nyxn-KOHi 6ora AnoaaoHa, 462 mp6 enorjijmyjio 3-nifl He6a Ha ce JKH3HÍ Mope, fle, mob XBHJia apy xbhjiio, Bipa Bipy 6ope,... i noe3Í'i cnaceHHHM HaflHXOM CnOBHHJIOCb, flO BCÍX BÍp i BCÍX H3HKÍB pÍBHO npHXHJIHJIOCb. He 3BaHcaK)HH Ha Tam, b ninpoKHx noeMax Kyjiima ne TaK BJKe piflKi, mícuh, noeMH ííoro 3flaiOTbCH Bce jk TBopaMH, rojioBHe npn-3HaHeHHa hkhx He noeTHHHe, a nySjíiiniCTHHHe. IIofliSHO cToiTb cnpaBa 3 noro flpaMaTHHHHMH TBopaMH. U,e „Kojiíi", flpaMaTHHHi cneHH (Kyjiim BHnaB jinuie ojmn slkt) Ta ApaMaramia Tpajioria: „Eaůfla" (1884), „CaraHflainHHiť', „H.ap Ha-jiHBaň" (oónnBa TBopn BHflaHO no CMepri aBTopa). ítpaMa „Kojní" ne flocHTb jkhbo b cthjií MacoBnx cneH 3 „HopHoi Panii" no-flám po3MOBH npeflCTaBHHKiB pÍ3HHx rpyn cycnijitcTBa. Tpnjio-ria — enpoča bhcokoi flpaMH, fle e Bce, KpiM flpaMaTH3My. JJpaMa-TH3M, pyx, Han'flTTH e ji mne bhímkobo b HapoflHHx cneHax aóo b cneHax, fle 3'íiBjifiioTbCfl OKpeMi repoi, Hanp., TaHaca AnniiSep y „Eaiifli", — nocTaTt, b HKy Kyjiim yjiHB yce noMy HecHMnaTHHHe 3 yKpaiHCbKOi icTopnHHoi TpaflHnii, — „xnjKairrBo", „po36Hinan,TBo". iHmi cn,eHH — mnpoKo po3ropHeHi TeopeTHHHi nncKycii hh flncnyTH, fle GTHKaiOTbCH flyMKn, a He bojih ÍHexapaKTepn repoiB. B „Hopmii Pafli", hk mh SaHHjm, KyjiimeBÍ Bflajiocfi cycnijitm Ta ifleojiorr-nii npoTHBeHCTBa yKpamcbKoro jkhttíi btíjihth b jkhbhx nocTaTHx. B „Tpnjiorii" bíh He Miř — a6o He xotíb — nboro flocar-nyTH. 3aMÍCTL 6opoTb6n jkhbhx chji — TyT Jinuie flncnyTH. H,i iuh-pom flncnyTH, moni HaBÍTt 3 nepeBaroio MOHoaory Hafl fliaaoroM, flaiOTb KyjiimeBi 3Mory ~e-He-fle SjíHCHyTH cboim yMumaM Teope-THHHoro (popMyjnoBaHHH flyMKH. ManjKe Kaacnmii pÍ3HÍ (popMyjno-BaHHfl íctophhhhx Ta cycniabHnx ineajiiB Kyainia, Hanp., Baůfloio: ... y MeHe Bipa — npaBfla, MoaHTBa — necHi noflBHrn annapcbKi, nocTH ň 6flÍHHa — noxoflH, HyjKflH, npaira, a pan — Hafl 3jiom KpHBaBHH cyfl K03anbKHH... — ^h: He flHBO Kpan ninpoKHH 3B0K)BaTH, nepBOHy KpoB 3 nicKOM nepeMimaTH, 463 3acHnaTí> noneaaMH, cjiÍ3tMH 3mhxh, i KÍHbMH BHXOnTaXb MaaeHbKÍ fliXH. CnaceHHa pin — yci xaTH íi naaaxn nifl HenoxHSHHÍI cyfl noHaxnjiaTH, noxyacHoro Bifl Hanany BnHHHTH, 6e3CHJioro b Hanacri paxyBaxn ... — aóo nenepcBKHM ^enneM 3ochmom („CaraHnaniHHH") : XBajin, MyflparejíK), cboio ocBÍTy; mh c e p n, e m, BoroM cepna jkhbgmo. Bifl po3yMy h HayKH xiabKO UBřry, Bifl cepn.a jk naoay BÍHHoro aífleMo. Ajie ni cpopMyjiH, mp "ix cpopMa nocxaaa He 6e3 BruiHBy BiflnoBiflHHx mícub niencnipa, xa íhoaí rapHi o6pa3n — HepiflKo — BiflryKH 3í ,uCaoBa o nojiKy IropeBi", He Moacyxb ypaxyBaxn flpaM Kyjiiuia hk flpaM. B hhx g fleaKi mchbí nocxaxi, aae flpyropaflHi; roaoBHi repoi noro Manace 6e3 bhhhxkíb g hkhmhcb nepcoHÍcpÍKan,ÍHMH aScxpaKX-hhx noHaxt aóo i'x KOMnaeKciB. 3obcím iHinoro xapaKxepy flBi íhhií apaMaxHHHi cnpo6n Kyainia: „IpofloBa MopoKa" (1879) — aerna cTHaÍ3anÍH BepxenHoi flpaMH npo Ipofla 3 aochtl rocxpHMH noaixHH-ho-Hai^ioHaatHHMH floxenaMH, xa ,,XyxopaHKa" (1877) — cxHaÍ3ania 6í6jiíhhoi ,,nicHÍ niceHb", hk hkoicb BeciabHoi opaxopii: „cniBaHa XBaaa Moaofloi nepefl BeciabHHMH rocTbMH" — Kaace caM Kyaim. J\o-cnxb npocxa MOBa n,nx abox MeHuinx flpaMaxHHHnx cnpo6 — 30bcím iHinoro xapaKxepy, amaí y íhuihx n'ecax, b hkhx — cxapoBHHHa mo-Ba, BaacKyBaxa, 3 hhcjiěhhhmh piflKHMn xa KOBaHHMH caoBaMH, mp nonacxH 3obcím He 3ai, aae He 3flo6yan co6i nonyjiHpHocxn i xoiay Bpaacaioxb cynacHoro HHxana. Bpaacaioxb noro i peTopn^m npoMOBH aócipaKXHHx repoiB nnx n'Gc. Ihoaí ahbhí xhóhí HaroaocH. Ilopyn 3raflaHHx flpaMaxHHHHX cxHaÍ3anÍH Kyainia HaSSiabin ypiBHOBaaceHo-noexHHHi noro xboph npo30BÍ. Ile KiatKa HeBe-jihkhx onoBiflaHb (yci BHflpyKyBaHo npoTaroM 1860-68 pp.), qo CXHaicXHHHOK) TpaflHnÍGIO HKOCb HaB'H3yK)tl>Ca flO onoBiflaHb Kbíxkh. IIlonpaBfla, bohh bcí npn3HaHem flaa „Hapony". TJhbhhm hhhom ofl-He 3 hhx — ,,Cipa Ko6naa" — onoBinaHHH SinaKa, mp caM 3ary6HB, yxonnB cboio Ko6nay, Haraflyc HaBixb „xpaBecTiHHHÍi" acaHp Kbíx-HHHoro ,,Caaflan;bKoro naTpexa" xa nofliÓHHx onooBiflaHb. ITpoxe íhhií cepňo3HÍ i BÍflpÍ3Haioxbca Bifl XBopiB Kbíxkh, 3 oflHoro 6oKy, cbogio BeaHKoio cxHcaicxio, 3 flpyroro — ncnxoaoriHHOio cKaaflHic-tío cioacexy. Kyaim, mp b cboix pocíhcbkhx noBicxax cxnaHBCfl Teac flo 3MaaK>BaHHH ncnxoaoriHHo cKaaflHHx, nonacxH Moace naToaoriq-hhx cHxyanJH, 6yflyc cboí' HapoflHi onoBinaHHH Ha xaKnx caMHx no- Wh nyjiapHo nojiaHHX cKJianHHX ncnxojioriHHHX npoÔJieMax. Hp g TaKHÖ caMHÖ npoTecT npoTH ynpompHHa ncHxojiorii, hk npoTecTOM npoTH ynpomeHHa iCTopHHHoro MajiMHKy 6yjia con.iHJit.Ha aHTHTera-Ka „HopHoi Pann". — „lípo 3Jion,ia b cejii raKiBHHui" — icTopia cnpaBJKHboro 3Jionia, mp noKaaBca, Ta aKoro rpoMana, 3aMÍCTt> bíh-nara np cyny, noicapajia caMa Ta npocrajia, — „a b Bac, npöpo-nito, y ropoflax, mp 6 3 TaKoro HOJioBnca 3po6hjih!" — Krnnac „xy-TopaHHH" b iaieHi aKoro BeneTtcH onoBinaima. — „ropnpBHTa napa" — icTopia KoxaHUJB, mo nepe3 ropnicTt. po3Ínuijinca Ha BjiacHe hg-inacTa: oÖHHBa KÍHHaiOTt. caMoryöcTBOM. — „JJjiBOHe cepnp" — ícto-pia, mp noHHHaGTbca TaKOK) caMoio sipmcTto nÍBnHHH napyÔKOBi, mp nonaB y cajinara, hk np öyßac b onoBÍn,aHHax Kbítkh, ajie, noixaB-nin 3a hhm po MicTa, noKoxajia mmoro. üapyöoK ii „MOCKajieM onn-hokhm BÍK 3BÍKyBaB, mob tok ny6 cyxoBepxnn ..." — „MapTHH TaK" — icTopia raößaMaKH. TaK, CTaBniH OTaMaHOM rannaMaKÍB 3 HeHijiB, ii,íjikom 3HeBÍpHBca b nijiaxy rannaMaiitKOMy, Ta totobhh 6yB yace spannra CBoix, ajie bohh, noBinaBniHca npo up, noro 3a6njiH. — „Ci-hobí toctí" — Teac rannaMantKa icTopia, inp 11 He 3 3axonjieHHHM bh-KJianaG „CTapHH fliň", a 3 cyMHÍBOM Ta cyMOM. — „IIotomkh yKpaÍHct-Koro raHnaMairr-Ba" — Moace ghhhhh TBip, npH3HaHeHHn hjih ocbí-neHoro HHTana (hk i no-yKpaiHCBKH He 3aKÍHHeHHH poMaH „BpaTn" — hí6h nepepiÖKa pociäcbKoro „OjieKcia Cymopora"). He niKaßi cy-naem jiereHHH npo ocTaHHix 3anopoacn;ÍB, jieťeHHH, b hkhx híhchíctí. CBaßijiBHo cnjieTeHa 3 (paHTa3Íeto, — TyT 6paK BjiacHoro eioHceTy, ne HH3Ka HapncÍB.. . C-TíKe rapMOHiHHi rann Ta innjiiHm o6pa3H Kbítkh Kyjiini 3aMÍHK>g poMaHTHHHoio „po3ÍpBaHÍCTio", b h y t-p i in h i m TparÍ3M0M Ta ncnxojiorÍMHOio ycKJiaHHeHicTio . . . Horo onoBinaHHH hí6h nonyjiHpH3yiOTi> ncnxojiorÍ3M noro cynacHHKa JXo- CTOGBCbKOro. - MOBHO BCÍ OnoBinaHHH BHTpHMaHO hk ,,CKa3", IK3 onoBÍn,aHHH „xyTopaHHHa", ,,6a6yci", „cTaporo siná", „npanina", HKHxoct. HeBiflOMHx onoBinaniB, ajie jien.Be nn Kyjiima caMoro. He-pe3 n;e — po3MipHo npocTa, ajie rapMOHiÖHa Mona, ncHxojiorÍ3M rojioBHe b ciOHceTi, nepeacHBaHHa repoÍB onncaHO me TpoxH ciapo- EHFIHHM CTHJieM'. „I Ha Cepn,í T06i THXO í HKOCb CMyTHO, í 3HHBCB 6h Ta h nojieTÍB, cnißaiOHH noHaii, 3eMJieio. . .", iHoni rapm Kpa-GBHHH, ne-He-ne -rpoxn npocTaiiBKa MOBa, nocTari íhohí BepTenHi: ,,3anopoHcen,t. 3 ycHMa, . . . nopm, nopm Ta npBri Ta po3KÍniHÍ. . . 2Ky-naH Ha öoMy hiobkobhh nepBOHHÖ, aac cbíthtl,ch, hk oroHt.; nian-Ka nepBOHa noxnjiacTa; noac 3ojiothě; 3a noacoM nicTOJii, npn 6oKy niaöjia; KyjitßaKa i cTpeMeHa — Bce Te b iiinpiM 30jiotí, aac ro-pHTt.". G npnnoBÍHKH a6o 3BopoTH HaponHoro rany: „Hyaca cTopo-ho, najieKa 3eMjie xojiOHHa, He njioniOHa, njiyroM He opaHa, kjoi'hm 3aciaHa". Kyjům 3'aBJiaGTLca TyT nepea HaMH hk tíhhhh poMaH- 465 thhhhh HacTyriHHK Kbítkh, Ta k mo ucajiKyeni, mo n,aB bíh tíjibkh hhx KÍJibKa npHHariflHo HanncaHHx onoBÍaaHb. MojKe HaocHJiBHime b Kyjiinia — äoro HayKOBo-nonyjiapHa (ic-TopHHHi HapncH) Ta nyôJiňincTHHHa npo3a, Ta neaici jihcth 3 fioro rnopoKoro Ta jinnie *iacTKOBo BÍn,oMoro jihcTy BaHHa. Bjinac^a xa-paKTepncTHKa ix — yace no3a MOKaMH Hamnx 3aBn,aHb. B kojk-HOMy pa3i npo3a hhx TBopÍB Kyjiirua Han,3bh*iaHHO jierna Ta njiHH-Ha (nop. HaBen,eHÍ BHine noro xapaKTepncTHKH Knpnjio-MeTofliiB-CBKoro BpaTCTBa), xo^i B-e Moace Ha cynacHHH cMaK i 3aHanT0 „nin,eceHHH" ajie Bpa3JiHBHH, MHCTeiibKH „noBHOKpoBHHn" cthjil. Kojth 3raaaGMo me pocincbKÍ noBicri, HaynoBi Ta nyôJiiiiHCTHHHi nncaHHH Kyjiinia, to nicTaneMo yaBJíeHHa npo HansBHHaÔHy ninpo-Ty noro npani te nHCbMeHHHiibKoro TajiaHTy. Tpe6a me 3ranaTH npo nepeKJianH Kyjiinia. TojioBHi 3 öoro npanb y nbOMy HanpaMÍ — nepeKJian, Cb. ÜHCbMa, nepecniBH 3 Cb. ÜHCBMa, 30KpeMa BipmoBaHHH, nepecniß ycix ncajiMÍB (3 p. 1868-71), nepeKJiaflH 3 UleKcnipa (1882) Ta nijia 3ÔipKa ,,IIo3HHeHa KOÔ3a" (mijijiep, TeTe, raíme, BanpoH, 1897). lipana, HacaMnepen. MOBHa, Han iihmh nepeKJianaMH — BejieTeHCBKa. Kyjiiui 3poÖHB HaHÖüibuie 3i CBoi'x cyqacHHKÍB fljia BHpoôJieHHa yicparncbKoro „BHcoKoro" Ta yKpaiHCLKoro jiipn^Horo cthjiíb. Cbíeomo 3ajiHniae bíh n.ÍJiKOM oc- TOpOHb TpaBeCTÍHHi tohh „KOTJiapeBIIIHHH". Jlnnie 3,n,pÍ6HÍjlÍ CJIOBa, HKHX Kyjiini He Mir no3ÖyTHca, 3naiOTbca Haii Tenep HenpHponHHMH; ajie, Hanp., ÍMeHyBaHHa 6í6jiíhhhx oci6 no ôaTLKOBÍ (,„7_JaBHneHKO ABeccajioM") Moace BHKJíHKaTH 3nHBOBaHHa, ajie híhk yace He 3na-GTbca ByjibťapHHM*. Oct aK bíh nepenac HaM yace b nepecnißi Tyjia-Ka-ApTeMoBCbKoro 3HaSoMi Micna „PnôajiKH" ľeTe (hhb. VI. ľ. 3): Bofla HiyMyG, po3JiHjiacb i noBHÍ noBÍnn.10 bcí ôepern h 3aT0HH . . . Hin, cniB runpoKHH híbohbok CHHHTb Hafl pi^KOK) pHÖajIOMKa, nHJIbHyG, nu njiaBjíe cTHxa nonjiaBOK, hh B BHpBÍ KpyTHTbCa, 1h b HypTHHÍ HypTyG. Ajk Oct Bona nin. nonjiaBKOM 3aKOjiHxajiaca i b niHÍ po3nijrajiacbt He cpiÔHa pHÔOHbKa 3 nepoM, BpofljiHBa ňiB^HHa-pycajioHKa 3'aBHjiacb. *) Ajie BHce b 11 ct. y AMapTOJia yKpa'iHCí>Knň TBCH o6nn,bí cdpepH i b „KoaeKTHBHiň oco6i" yKpaiHH. Oh cepaeHtKo 3aKpHTee, THXHH paK), THXHH paiO . . . raH60KHH KOaOflH3B, TiaBKH rho SaHinHTBca: tboh nyMKa ranónie y cepui TaÍTbca . . . 467 . . . THXi 30pi y hhctíh He6a bhcotí nooJiHCKyiOTE. y KpacoTi Ha hhbhím npocTopoHi Mopa: TaK cac cepiia rjiHÔHHa, mo Bipye ne HaBMaHHa . .. Ha „ahí Hymn" i „noeranHi peni", i „Týra", i „noMHCjra", — nyMKH, i Bipa, i Hania Ha ManSyrae: Ofi HIHpOKO, OÍI rjlHÖOKO flyMKOK) 3aHMaio, a me innpiuy, a me rjiHÔniy a Haniio Maro . .. OS, Hexan Moi Hanil ßynyTB moi híth: y cepneHBKy rapanoMy jiioôo ix HOCHTH. ToMy Kyjiini 3BepTaeTi>ca no „cepna" 3 nHTaHHaM npo Mančyrae: . . . nHByiocb, paniio, y cepna nnTaio: CKajKH, Bime cepne, hh cKOpo cbít 6yne? I Kyjiim CHMBOJiÍ3yG Ty aÍHÍK>, mo Bene Bin. aininoro MHHyjioro no ainiiioro MaäöyTHBoro aepe3 o6pa3 cepna CBoro repoa Tojikh 3 ,,Be-JIHKHX npoBonÍB": OS, 6araT0 y CjiaByTi 3HBHoro, CBaToro; HaHflHBHiuie — iUHpe cepíne ToaKH Moaonpro. Po3Tep3aHe, KpHBaBee, 6'gtbch nin. B030K) i b ch) Bony icnoBHae flyMOK) CBaTOK) . .. Bo „3a6yfleTBca iM'a mog, a cepn,e b flaaeKOMy noTOMCTBi 030BeTB-ca". Bo b cepni jhorhhh, b HBOMy „míkpokocmocí" — BcecBÍT ľ „a b cepni MoäoMy BceaeHHyio HocHJia", i Bora Ta yci Eoacil napn: Cepqe nncTe, MnaocTHBe, aap HaÖKpaiirHH Bora, HanneBHiHia, HannpocTinia no HeÖec flopora ... 468 Miň xpaM y cepu,i. TaM a B03XBajr.jj.io, Koro, hk 3BaTH, h Ha ÍM'a He 3Haio. ,,Tpe6a yroatnaxu xiabKH BoroBi, a Bor roBopHTb HaM Hepe3 Hanie cepíne. Xto cepuje cbog ohhcthtb ot ycHKoi CKBepm, toh 3po6HTt noro xpaMOM Bowchim". „JIioncbKHH piji čepen CBoei tcmhoth Ta no-MHjioK, 6e3ycxaHHo hhhhxi> OoaíecTBeHHe fliao npaBnu i hch3hí. Ük coHi;e He nepecxac poßnxH cbog nijio nocepen, hohí, nocepen 6ypi, nocepen xojiony i MpaKn, xan jiioncBKa nynia hí Ha xBHaHHy He 3ynn-hhgtbch b CBOGMy npaBenHOMy 3axoni Koao nopanKOBaHHa pony jiioncbKoro. IIpHMyBaHHa Ü nacoM cKpHBa TeMpírea, a inp BOHa npa-Myc no Bóra, no Horo po3yMy, no Horo npaBnn, to ce pia neBHa". I po3KpHTTa cepujH, 3nÍHCHeHHH íioro nijra, ycyHeHHH BCboro BHnanKOBoro, 30BHÍniHboro — g niJio „BocKpeceHHH yKpaiHH" (Te-Ma, hkok) noBHi nyMKH Kyaima). ToMy ne BocKpeceHHa g annie no-BopoT no ranÖHH cnpaBacHboro 6yTTa, no cTapoi „KyabTypn" (60 h BOHa y cepni). ,„Ho ceM'i KyabTypnHKiß BepTafica" — Kaace Kyaini CBOGMy HaponoBi: . . . Hama piaHa YRpama HenoBinoMa ranÖHHa MopcbKaa i BoabHocTH naponnboi 6e3onHa. Kyaim Kanne no CTapoi' KyabTypn „CTapopycbKo'i", a roaoBHHH i"í eaeMeHT — MOBa — „nepenBÍHHnn CKapö" HaponHoro cepn,a: „Be-jiHKa 60 cnaa b npocTOMy HaponnbOMy caoßi i b npocTin HaponHin nicHi, i Taíma toi chjih — b aioncbKnx cepnax, a He b aioncbKOMy po3yMÍ. Te caoBo cepu,eM aionn bhmobhjih". Hyaca MOBa — MOBa po3yMy, Hapon ne KHnaB pinnoi mobh, 60 „b cepui.. . 6yB on ycix. . . po3yMHÍuiHH". TaK MoacHa MOTHByBäTH 3äKanK Kyaima: OTHecTBo co6i rpyHTyfiMO b pinHÍM caoßi: BOHO, boho onHo Bin noryön BTeae, ninnepaíHTb Han,iio Ha npenKiBCbKifi ochobí, HaponaM i bík&m bck» npaßny npopene . . . B u,íh „cpiaococpii čepím" i ninßaaHHH „xyTopcbKOi cpiaocoxpiií" Kyaima, 60 „npnponna npocTOTa nač ajonnm nncTe cepn.e . .. HiaKa HayKa TaKoro npaBAHBoro cepna He naCTt • • •" „CeaaHCbKa (piaoco-cpia" cepna — „npenBňma", CTaponaBHH, He3MÍHHa, „npaMiciHbKO 3 GßaHreaia", npaBna, aKy mh „cepueM 3po3yMÍGM". ,,<í>iaoco(pia čepím" Kyaima npopnßaGTbca i b noro OKpeMHx nyMKax — b caoß'aHocpiabCbKOMy npoTHCTaBjíeHHi xyTopa Eßponi, b npoTHCTaßaeHHi noaoßiKa aiimii („MaTpiapxaabHi" nyMKH nÍ3Hboí pOMaHTHKH!) - 469 . . . nyx Hani poÖHTbca b flynii jkíhohíh ... P03KÍHIHO JKHByHH paHMH-XyTOpaMH, CTOJiHHHoro BOHH He 3HaK)TB flyinoryöcTBa, MOB 30pi, B HHCTOTÍ KpyT JKH3HÍ COBepHiaiOTb, nicHHMH BinHHMH cepn.fi HaM npocBiniaiOTb, - b ifleajii3anii crapoBHHH (BJKe He ,,K03anbKoi", a khhsíbcbkoi, „CTa-popycbKOi"), b HaM yjKe 3HažoMHx RyMKax npo noeTa i t. fl. Hi THnOBÍ pOMaHTHnm MOTHBH p03BHHeHÍ 3fle6ÍJIbHia B CpOpMÍ CHMBO- jiíhhíh. H,e Bee He ro3bojihg HaM oflipBaTH naBÍTB HaonÍ3HÍiuoro Kyjliuia Bifl pOMaHTHKÍB. POMaHTHHHHH CBÍTOrJIHfl, 6e3yMOBHO, BpH- TyBaB noro npn bcíx ôoro xHTaHHHX fljín y Kpamn; ajie neií po- MaHTH^HHÖ CBÍTOrJIHfl, HyjKHH HaCOBÍ, yTBOpHB kojio Kyjiinia B oc-TaHHÍ fleCHTHJlÍTTH JKHTTfl aTMOCCpepy He3p03yMÍHHH Ta BopoiKHeni, 3poÖHB noro 3a jkhtth caMOTHÍM, a no CMepTi Ha fleHKHH nac 3a6y- THM chhom yKpaiHH. 6. Ha CTopiHKax „Ochobh" nonajín 3'hbjihthch TBopn HOBoro nncBMeHHKa-poMaHTHKa, OjieKCH CTopojKeHKa (1805-74), BJKe 1863 pOKy bhhhijih B flBOX TOMax 23 HOľO TBOpH (flBOG OnoBÍflaHb CK)flH He bbíhhijih), nic jih äoro cMepra BHHinjia He 3aKÍHneHa hhm npo-30Ba „noeMa" „Mapno npoKJiHTHÖ" (1879). TpoxH pamine (1857) nonaB Ta Tpoxn nÍ3HÍme (1865) nepecTaB OropoHceHKO nncaTH no-pociôcbKH, 3fle6ijibHia tok Ha yKpaiHCbKi TeMH. Tnopn CTopojtceHKa 3flaBajiHCíi nHMajiHM HaflôaHHHM yKpamcBKoi JiiTepaTypn: jkhbí ono-BiflaHHH, po3Ka3aHÍ floôpoK) HapoflHOK) MOBOK), 3a6apBJieHÍ m'hkhm ryMopoM, BOHH bcí aôo MaiOTb cyTo-poMaHTHHHy TeMaTHKy, (paHTac-THHHy a6o icTopHHHy, a6o HaöJiHHcaiOTbcH flo He'i, ßepynn 3a oe-HOBy HapoflHy noe3Íio, 3fle6ijibuia Haponm aHeKflOTH a6o Ka3KH. Cto-poJKeHKO caM HaTHKae Ha Ty BejiHne3Hy pojiio, HKy bíh ôaHHTb y Ha-poflHiíi noe3ľi Ta HapoflHHX icTopnnHHx nepeKa3ax: „OflHH flyô 30-CTaBCb Ta öaraTO Ha fioMy JKOJiyfliß", „MaTyen Hauia BKpama He noKHHyjia Hac 6e3 cBoro ÖJiarocjioBeHHH", — a ,,OcHOBa" 3poÖHJia flo oflHoro 3 noro onoBÍnaHb npnMÍTKy — ,,Hapifl Ham — Be jih kh h Ta 6araTHH noeT", hkhh, mobjihb, flae heiiiem noeTaM „bíhho cbíhíí Ta 3flopoBÍ 3epHa flJiH flajibmoi noeTHHHoi TBopnocTH". IHpnpaBfla, CTOpOJKeHKO flHBHTBCH Ha MaHÖyTHG yKpaiHH, 3flaGTbCH, 6e3HaflÍH-HO - „TijIbKH i HCHTH HaM CnOMHHKaMH", - nHHie BÍH. I BÍH IIHMH cnoMHHKaMH >KHBe. Horo onoBiflaHHH — MaöJKe yci — MOHTajKi 3 HapoflHO-noeTHnHoro MaTepiflJiy, 3araJiBHo-BÍfloMHx a6o h MÍcneBHx poflHHHHX Ta ocoôhcthx nepeKa3ÍB. Cepefl iioro onoBiflaHb 3Haö-fleMo i npocTO „CnoraflH" npo BÍflOMoro CTOJiiTHboro 3anopoMínH KopjKa, a ocTaHHi nacH 3anopÍHOKH Ta nÍ3HÍmy flojno 3anopojKn,iB MajiioioTb TaKi onoBiflaHHíi, hk „JJoponi", — cnoraflH aBTOpa npo CTaporo sanopoacnH-naciHHHKa, HKoro tíhb i nicjia noro CMepxH o6epirae HacanaceHHH hhm raž, a6b „KiHnjpaT EyÓHeHKO-HlBHn,-KHÍk" — cnoranH n,in,a-opHťÍHaaa npo raíkflaMaHHHHy; „Meacnrop-cfcKHÍi nia," — cnoranH cTapol 6a6yci npo ine cTapnioro nin.a-cÍHOBH-Ka; „ripoKin iBaHOBn^", HanncaHHH y 4)opMi cnoraniB 3anopoacn,a npo 3pynHyBaHHH Cini; „roaKa" i t. n,. /Jochtb BeanKa rpyna " b npo3Í, hk i Fo-rojieBi „MepTBbie nynin", — „MapKo npoKJíHTHÔ". Lte icTopia Be-jíHKoro rpiuiHHKa, hio 3rpiniHB 3 Maiip'io Ta cecTpoio ra b6hb o6ox, ítKoro 3eMJia He npHÖMae Ta hkhö thhhgtbch no cbítí Ta 3axon,HTb HaBÍTb y neKJio. JXjio Ctopojkchko nepeHocHTb 30 naciB XiviejiLHH^í-1HHH. Hi oflHoro innioro TBopy OopoJKeHKo Tan rnnpoKo He BHÖy-AysaB Ta TaK ninpoKo He po3noBÍnaG. Ajie saKÍH^HTH TBopy fioMy He BnajiocH. OopojKeHKO xotíb 3Po6hth 3 Hboro BeJiHKy ynpaiHCBKy enoneio, ajie cioaceT jien.Be hh HaponHHÔ, hk ranas aBTop, 3Í6-paTH Ta 3rpynyBara kojio Htoro HaponHÍ nepeKa3H (ix MaibKe h HeMaG b „noeMi") 6yjio 6 He jierno, a hjih icTopHHHoro o6pa3y y CTopoJKeHKa He BHCTa^ajio 3HaTTa. Tenep n,e BejiHKe Topco MaG MeHHi ÍHTepecy, amac npiôm onoßinaHHa CTopoaceHKa. „MapKo npoKJiHTHH" HajiejKHTb no HeÖaraTbOX TBopiß Cropo-JKeHKa, HanncaHHX eniHHHM cTHJieM. 3ne6ijibina aBTop He po3noBi-nae caM, a BKJianae onoßinaHHa b ycTa aKiöcb íhihíh ocoöi — ,,hh ^lyjiH bh, naHOBe . . ." („CKa3"); posnoBinaq Mac 6yxH 3ne6ijibHia 3 Hapony — npo ne cßin^aTb TaKi cjioBa, hk „xpoHT", „iHKanpoH" i t. n,. iHonj CropojKeHKo cnojiyayc hbog xynpatHix 3aBnaHb, —- Hanp., CTapa „6a6yca", ana Bee 3a6yBac Ta njiyrae, po3noBinac npo ,,Me-JKHropcbKoro njna", a6o npo ,,3aKoxaHoro nopTa" po3noBinaG 3a onoBinaHHaM CBoro nina BHyK, — TaK yTBopiOGTbca CBOcpinHa noňBÍHHa nepcneKTHBa, b kkíř HaBÍTb i Ka3KOBe MOJKe 3naBaTHca fliÖCHHM. CTOpOHCeHKO KOpHCTyCTbCH HyíKe CKJiaHHHM MaTepiaJioM, cnojiynyiOHH Ta nepepoôjiaiOMH pi3Hi Haponm onoBinaHHH, bíh np-nac 30 HHX jiiTepaTypHoro MaTepiajiy, nyJKe *iacri cnorann 3 Toro-Jia, HaBÍTb MaibKe hocjiíbhí ijHTaTH. B tohhoctí cnocHJiaHb aBTopa Ha fioro HHcepejia MOHCHa nacTo cyMHÍBaTHca (Ta b onoBÍnaHHi TaKi cno-CHJiäHHa ň He nijiKOM neBHi). ByjibťapH3MH b mobí He píniu, ajie 3np6ijibina noacHioioTbca pojieio onoBÍn,a*ia. 3aTe He pinid íi Byjib-rapm HOTenn Ta etpeKTH 3aHanTo npHMÍTHBHoro xapaKTepy (6íhkh toiho); He yTpHMyGTbca CropojKeHKo i Bin, HenpHCTOHHOCTeo, He ny-JKe noTpiÖHHx njia xony onoßinaHHa. BapBH ryMopy ííoro, 3np6ijib-nia Bnajioro, ÍHoni BJKe 3aHan.To rycTo HaKJianem, Ta bíh He 3ynii-HHGTbca HaBÍTb nepen, ryMopHCTHHHHMH TOHaMH npn onoBÍnaHHi npo jKaxjiHBÍ nonii, MOTHByiOHH u;e, inpnpaBna, thm, qo yKpaÍHn,i ,,He cMiiOTbca 3 nyíKoro Jinxa, jiHiue 3 CBoro". B nopÍBHHHHi 3 TorojreM, aKoro CTopoJKeHKo Hacjiinye, bíh, 3 oniioro 6oKy, 3aHanro nepeoö-TaJKyc CBoi onoBinaHHa MaTepiaJioM, 3 npyroro, He nocHTb pirnyie noro nepeTonjnoG b cboíh TBop^iü JiaôopaTopii, a 3fle6ÍJibnia jiHHie 412 1 noBepxoBo 3uiHBaG, 3'eaHye pi3H0MaHÍTHÍ MOTHBH. BpaKye Cropo-HceHKOBi i rjiHÖinoro ineoaoriaHoro ninxony roroaa, xoh bíh i He nyjKHH „ineoaorii", ajie npncnHyG cboI 3aMÍTKH 3ne6iabina 3aHanTO sace MexamaHO HanpHKmnj. cboí'x TBopiß a6o He MeHin Mexam^Ho BCTaBjííiG Ix b onoBinaHHa. lipo BinryKH poMaHTHHHo'i oiiíhkh Ha-ponHoi noe3ii mh Bace roBopHJiH. 3ycTpinaGMo b CTopoaceHKa i ok-peMi peairiÖHi 3ayBarn: „BejiHKa n,ynia .. . pa30M xoTiaa hchtb Ha He-6i i Ha 3eMJii"; „XpecTOM, hk KJiioMeM, oniMKHyB coßi BpaTa b nap-CTBo HeôecHe" i t. p., — aßo MopaaicTHHHi npHMÍTHBHi: „He cnpoTa tok, Koro Bor HaniaHB ayjiHM cepn,eM i Tenaoio nynieio", „Iljo TaKe Ha cbítí inacTa?" — noßre MipKyBaHHa Ha kíhľ;í „Cicapôy" i t. n.. Aae no „ineoaorii" CTopoaceHKa HaaeacHTb i noro Han3BHHaHHo inn-aňme cnpHHMaHHH BCboro, — i naHľUHHH, i acopcTOKHX TiaecHHX Kap y MocKaaax, i nHKoro CBaßiaaa noMimHKa (nop. „IIpoKin Ißa-hobhh", „MiponiHHK") — yce bíh npnHMac, aK inpcb HopMaatHe, Ta a6o anme nocMixacTbca aöo ine ö BHXBaaac cboíx rhkhx repo'ÍB; nboro BCboro 6yao 3a 60-x poKÍB naa anTaniß yace 3aHanro. Aae 6e3yMOBHO, me BaacanBiniy poaio rpaao, qo cTHaicTHHHo poMaHTna-Hi onoBinaHHa 3flaBaaHca cyaacHHKaM nepecTapianMH. B 3po3yMÍH-hí MHHyaoro YKpaiHH CTopoaceHKO noBepTacTbca Bin, „HopHOi Pánu" «o „Tapaca Byabôn", b KapmHax eiabCbKoro acHTTa Bifl IHeBneHKa no Kbítkh . . . Ihohí npoÔHBaiOTLca b Hboro eaeMeHTH HOBoro cth-aio („HaTypaaÍ3My", — MaSyi-b, He 6e3 ßnaHBy Toroaa), Hanp., y nopiBHHHHax aronen 3 penaMH Ta TBapHHaMH: aionHHa cyxa, „hk cnaiomeHHH aopHoöpnBHHK míhc ancTaMH ncaarapa", a6o „mnca ... hk hobhh n'HTaK" i t. p. Aae Bace po3MÍpHo 6inHa MOBa CTopoaceH-Ka, 6inHa Ha caoBa 3 bhiuoi ccpepn nyMKH Ta fi nonyßaHHH, Mycnaa nyace oömchchth noro TBopai MoacaHBOcri, 30KpeMa MoacanßocTi aKo-rocb pyxy Hanepen, ho 30araHeHHa craaio, no yTBopeHH hobhx cpopM. HaHHeB^aainiHH TBip CTopoaceHKa — noro „npaMaTHHHi Kap-thhh" „rapKyma". H,e — acaxanBHH 3pa30K ni3HÍmoi yKpaiHCbKoi MeaoflpaMH. JJíhobí ocoöh nepexonaTb 3a xBHanHy bíh. HaMipy no-kíhhhth acHTTa caMoryôcTBOM po cnißiB Ta TaHKiß! JJiBHaTa, mo Ix 3axonHan po36íhhhkh, BHKopHCTam aBTopoM nepen. ix 3BiabHeHHaM HK xop Ta 6aaeT. He ßpaKye i npHMiTHBHnx e(peKTÍB. „ncHxoaoria-hhh" 6ík pH uljikom tpaHTacTHHHHÔ: híhobí ocoöh 3aKoxyiOTbca on,-He b onHoro 3apa3, Koan ne noTpiÔHe aBTopoBi; TapKynia — Ta Ha-BÍTb i yca noro 6aHna 3pa3y „noaininyGTbca" nin. BnaHBOM KiabKOX caiB 18-aÍTHbo'i cothhhhxh. Hk ,,pe30Hepnia", npencTaBHHira Myp-pocTH aBTopa, BHCTynaG 16-th hh 17-aÍTHa flißanHa. /íhbho, mo tou caMHÔ aBTop, HKOMy HaaeacaTb onoßi^aHHa, Mir HanncaTH TaKy n'ecy! 473 CaM CTOpOJKeHKO, p03BHHyBIIIH HanSBH^aHHy npOflyKTHBHiCTB. npoTaroM hkhxocb 2-3-x pokíb, 3aMOBK. PoMaHTHni BH-te He 6yao míc-hh. KpHTHKa 3ycTpiaa ůoro HenpnxHJiBHO. HacH poMaHTHKH nicjia 1862 p. onÍHiHJiH b MHHyjie. 7. JlHHie Ha oKpaí jiiTepaTypn 3'hbhbch IleTpo Ky3BMeHKO (1831-67), mo BHflpyKyBaB nicaa 1859 p. KijiBKa BipmiB, „aeremry" „IIoraHe noae" Ta HaponHe onoßinaHHa „He TaK acnaaoca, Ta TaK CKJiaaoca". Bipuii noro 6aH3BKi i ^yTaHBHM neTpeHKOBHM poMancaM, aae ôanara no HaponHoi" nicHi. Hh 3 HaponHoi nicHi, mh 3 HleB^eHKa Mae Ky3BMeHK0 cboi mothbh („Tpn nppora", „nponaaTa Mornaa"), eniTeTH (míchub „öLnoannnn" i t. n,.) He 3HaTH. 3a poMaHTHKa Moac-Ha noro BBaacaTH annie TOMy, mo bíh He bctht nepeÖTH no BHpa3HO „peaaicTHHHHx" tcm. 8. HeMaao OKpeMHx poMaHTHHHHx eaeMeHTÍB y nonaTKax no-e3ií PynaHCBKoro. He anine öaaanHa (popMa iioro „HeoHannB" Ta CHMBoaiKa caoB'aHO(piaBCBKoi noeMH „H,ap CoaoBeň" Mae nacepeaa b poMaHTHHHÍH Tpanaijn, aae fi caoB'aHO(piaBCTBo PynaHCBKoro Ta, Hanp., fioro nHBOBHacm nepeTOBMa^eHHa noeTHHHHx TepMmiB Ha yic-paiHCBKy MOBy. Aae i CTHaB, i MOBa, i KOMno3Hnia nepeBaatHoi 6iaB-HiocTH TBopiB PynaHCBKoro, HäBÍTB i äoro ôaaan., y nyci hoboí aiTe-paTypHoi* Tenii — ,,peaai3My". Jlnnie He3HaHHi BinryKH poMaHTHHHoi noe3Ü 3ycTpÍHeMo y nepninx Bipniax raanuBKHX noeTÍB nopoMaH-THHHoi np6n (K. KaHMKeBHH, B. HlauiKeBHH). G. iHHli nOeTH yKpaiHCbKOl pOMaHTHKH 1. JXjih. poMaHTHHHoi noe3ii i b íhuihx KpaiHax xapaKTepncTHH-hí rypTKH i cniaKH, b hkhx BHKpHCTaaÍ30ByBaaaca n,yMKa Ta 3 akhx oKpeMi noeTH nepnaan cbog noeTH^me HanxHeHHH. Aae naa poMaH- THKH XapaKTepHCTHHHÍ í ycaMOTHeHÍ nOOHHHOKi noeTH Ta MHCaeHHH- KH, mo h^yTB CB01MH BJiäCHHMH uiaaxaMH, He oraanaiOHHca Ha aiTepaTypHHH 3araa. B yKpaiHCBKiS poMaHTHHHin aiTepaTypi noeTÍB ocTaHHBoro rany BaacHe HeMae, npHHaOMHÍ HeMae caMoraix noeTÍB BH3HaaHoro ManiTaôy. B nÍ3HÍmi poKH xaKoro THny 6yB Kyaini, aae h bíh paHÍme npHŽHaB anMaao cnoHyK Bin. KHÍBCBKoro Koaa. „Ca-mothí" noeTH-poMaHTHKH Ha ynpaiHi — npyropanHoro 3HaHeHHa. 2. CnpaBni niaKOM caMOTHHM noeTOM e noaaic Thmko (BaacHe XoMa) nanypa (1801-70). .HoBrnn *iac (bí^ 1825 p.) noro nicHÍ po3xoflHaHca b pyKonncax Ta ycHÍn nepenani, BnnpyKyBaHO nacTHHy ix anine 1844 p. Horo poMaHTHKa — poMaHTHKa K03an.TBa, mo 3Ma-aBOBaHe b CTHai „poMaHTHKH acaxy": m Ko3aK naHa He 3HäB 3BÍKa, 60 3ponHBCH Ha CTenax, CTaBCfl nraxoM 3 HOJioBÍKa, 60 pic b kíhcbkhx cTpeMeHax. Horo cjit03a He cmmae, bíh He jiioÖhtb jiecHHx cjiob; IH.O TaM B He6i - BÍH He 3HaG, a Ha 3eMJii 3Hae KpoB. CaM, HK flHKHH CHH npnpOflH, fle noKaace MCTHBy TBap, KpaCflTB 3eMJHO, KpaCHTB BOflH KpOBH pÍHKH Í nOJKap . . . HaM HaHMHJIBHie TaK kíhhhth, hkôh nyuiy nopT cxBaTHB! Ko3aD,BKe MHHyjie b KOHCHOMy pa3i fljin HBoro BejiHKe: „cjiob'hhcb-khh MaparoH": Cm — O Mara Hama! th eflHHe BijiBHe b d;íjiíh CJIOB'hHÍB pOflHHÍ naflo po3KÍmHe, ropne, cBaBÜiBHe ... Ajie K03aKa nasýpa MajiioG b íahjiíhhhx BiflHocHHax 3 nojiHKOM: OflHa MaTH, OflHÍ xaTH, pa3oM b nojii cTaBaB Kim; pa30M HCHJIOCb, pa30M öhjiocb, b oflHiin ropmny npiß Kyjiim ... 3BÍKa bíjibhí i CBaBÍJIBHÍ, He nycKajiH HiaöejiB 3 pyn; pa30M b paflax, pa30M b 3Baflax, Hlo Hi ypHflHJIH flJIH BHyK? Hanypa HacJiiflyc nonacTH HapoflHi nicm, HaBÍTB flyMH, xoh ranoBi niceHHi BHpa3ii i piflKi: „Ha MorHJii BopoH KpHHe", ,,b tím cypMH 03BajiHCB" i t. fl. Bnpa3HÍme y HBoro hoth poMaHTHmri, Bifl o6pa3ÍB K03aKa flo KpacBHfliB: „Bace Mpanm TyMaHH nyHyjiHCB 3 bítpom 3a jvrorHJiH . . .": 3-nifl xMap míchub, hk nTax Ha MorHJii, TyjKHTB 6e3COHHHH b Heoecmö nycTHHi... 475 3aK0THBCfl míchub b xMapax, cBHine 6ypa no ropax ... CyMHO, cyjvmo, míchub tjihooko 3a xMapy b He6o 3a6ir .. . Hia ôyjia TeMHa, BÍTep 3 hhb mnpoKnx 3 JIHCTflM 3 HOJIHHH KOTHB HOpHÍ XMapH . . . i t. n,. rieBHHH BnjiHB MäB nanypa, oaeBHnHO, Ha noaaTKH xapKÍB-CBKOl pOMaHTHKH. Xoa MOBa HOro He 3aBJKHH ancTa („cjiob", „n,jih BHyK", TaKÍ cjioBa, hk „mannn", „noicymnö" i t. n,.), ajie noMHji-KH jinme pinici. JXo Toro po3MÍpn äoro BÍpinÍB 3ne6iabnia He tohíhhí, ajie HaôJitiHíaiOTbCH no HaponHHx, yacHTnx nÍ3HÍme HleBaeHKOM. 3. HaÖBH3HaHHiniHH yKpamcbKHH caMOTHiä noeT e GßreH Tpe-6ÍHKa (1812-48). Ajie n.eHTp ňoro jiiTepaTypHoi Barn — üoro pociö-cbkí TBopH, 30KpeMa tí, mo HajieHcaTB flO „yKpaiHCBKoľ uikojih". 3eMjiHK Ta MOJiop;niHH cniByaeHb TorojiH y HiaceHi, bíh cthjiícthh-ho aacTo Bnaao HacainyBaB CBoro BejíHKoro 3eMjiHKa 6e3 fioro ran-Ôhhh Ta ÔjiHcKy. Posbhtok íioro b ôoro pocíhcbkhx TBopax — po3-bhtok Bin. poMaHTHKH AO ,,HaTypajiÍ3My". Posbhtok Toro caMoro Tpe6ÍHKH b yKpa'ÍHCbKHX TBOpaX — P03BHTOK BÍn, „KOTJIHpeBmnHH" #0 HecMijiHBHx noaaTKÍB poMaHTH3My. Ha yKpai'HCbKOMy rpyHTÍ bíh hí6h 3ajiHniHBCH no3any cboí'x BJiacHHX pocíhcbkhx TBopÍB. Tpo-XH HH He HaHÖijibnie 3acjiyjKHBca rpeôÍHKa nepen, yKpamcBKOio jiÍTepaTypoK) BHn,aHHHM aabMaHaxy „JlacTÍBKa" (1841) Ta thmh napopManiaMH npo poivraHTHKy, roaoBHe pociöcbKy, hkí bíh nocTaaaB HleBaeHKOBi. noaaB cbíh noeTHHHHÖ niJiax TpeôiHKa nepecniBOM „noaTaBH" nyniKma (1831), neaKoio Mipoio TpaBecTiiranM. lien nepecniß — HKin.0 H He nijIKOM y TOHÍ „EHeÍHH", TO b KOHíHOMy pa3i TpaBecTÍH-HHX MÍCU,b nOCHTB, inp6 UjiaKOM 3HHin,HTH yci MOTHBH ÔOpOTBÔH 3a EojiKO, iiio noayBaKJTbca b nyniKÍHCBKÍH noeivri, Ta npnrayniHTH Tpa-riHHO-BejiHaHÍ hoth nocTari Ma3enn (Ta ô neTpa i). JJochtb npo-HHTaTH TaKi pflnKH, HK: ,,36HpaaacB . .. necHrojioBn,ÍB aepena"; Koan b nyniKÍHa 3aKoxaHHÔ b Mapiio K03aK „ecan kto, xoth cayaaÖHo npen, hhm Ma3eny Ha3BiBaa, to oh ôaenHea, Tep3aacB TaÖHo h B3opbi b 3eMaio onycKaa", to y TpeöiHKH noro nepeacHBaHHa 3MaabOBaHo Tan: Haírapanrao 6yB Miac K03anaMH OHHH Wfi MOaonHH K03aK, i n,eíi 3 ApyrHMH napyÖKaMH 476 rap6y3 icxpyMaB, HefíopaK ... Im'h npecynoro reTbMaHa KycaBuiH nopHHÍí yc, BopnaB ... 3aMÍCTL ,,Ha njiaxe múner Henejib cMejibiň", rpeóiHKa nnnie „i 3rn-HyB Henejib, hk ÓJioxa";' KoHy6eixa bíhxhjihg CBaTaHHíi Ma3enn flo ii aohkh cjiOBaMH: „BpniíKHH, Mep3eHHHH! rjiHHb, noraHeiíb! Hh MOJKHa? hí, nacKyflHHÍi jiaHen,b!" i t. h- Ajie nopyn Tannx Tpa-BecTifl — mícu;h, KOTpi HKmp i He n°piBHI°ioTb tbopobí IlyniKiHa, to b KoaíHoivry pa3i n°6pe nepenaiOTb poMaHTHHHHH cTiuib ííoro no-cmh. „IIpocTaubKHH" cTHJib naHye i b yKpamcbKHx jiHCTax a6o He-BejiHKHx npo3aÍHHHx nHcaHHHx (nepe^MOBa i nicjiHMOBa no „Jlac-tíbkh") Fpe6ÍHKH. 3HaneHHfl noro b yKpaiHCbKiň jíiTepaTypi b noro 6aňKax („npn-Ka3Kn") Ta íhuihx Bipiuax. — BaftKH TpeĎiHKH (BCboro Tpn necHT- KH) neBHOK) MÍpOK) npOTHJieHCHÍCTb 6aHKaM BopOBHKOBCbKOro. Bohh n,ocnTb SajiaKyni, BHKJian —- uihpokhh, 3 nonpoĎHUHMH, íhohí ne nOTpiíĎHHMH. }Khbí i noTenm Safran TpeóiHKH xoh i HajiencaTb no uboro ra-TyHKy, yjiioSjíeHoro b kjihchlih3mí, ajie Tpe6ÍHKa pyimye TpannijiH-Hy dpopMy. BinxonHTb bíh y Safíiii i Bin thiioboí hjih ytcpamcbicoro KJiHCHiíH3My TpaBecTií; acHBa i HHCTa MOBa, Mae jinine HeSaraTo ByjibťapH3MÍB, xona FpefíiHKa nHine rjih cejiHHHHa a6o BKJianas onoBÍnaHHH b ycTa cejiaHHHOBi. Ocb npHKJian KopoTinoí 6afiKH ,,HHMÍHb" : Chh CKaacH MeHi, 6ynb nacKaB, TaTy! noro íraviiHb Haní TaK nopic, m,o kojiockíb npHMHX h 6any TyT 6araTo, a neHKÍ 30BCÍM CXHJIHJIHCH yHH3. Mob mh, HerpaMOTHi, nepen BejiHKHM naHOM, mob nepen cynoBHM Ha ctíhu,í K03aKH. B a t b k o OtÍ npHMÍl KOJIOCKH 3obcím nycTÍcÍHbKÍt pocTyTb Ha hhbí napoM, KOTpi jk noKJiHKHyjin — to 6oHca ÓJiaronaTb: Ix me 3epHo, bohh Hac MycHTb ronyBaTb. Chh Tóro ne to rojiOBy no He6a 3BOJiHTb npaTb Haní nncap bojiochhh, OHHCbKo XapHOBHTHfi! Ajk bíh, Óany . . . 477 B a t t. k o Mob^h! nonyiOTi — öynem ôhthh. rioHacTH ciojKeTH 6aSoK nepenHjiTi 3 nyacnx jiiTepaTyp. (KpacHirb-Koro, KpHJioBa). HncTOTa mobh Ta 3pa3K0Ba KOMno3Hnifi poÖjiHTb öaiJKH TpeôiHKH BajKJiHBHMH npencTäBHHKaMH nboro ťaTyHKy b yK-paÍHCbKiH jiiTepaTypi. KijibKa oKpeMHx jiíphhhhx BipinÍB — 3ne6ijibina nicHi, 3 rano- BHMH 3JIH apyropHflHHX noeTlB yKpaiHCbKOl pOMaHTHKH CeHTHMeH-TajTBHHMH HaCTpOHMH JKypÔH. HaHBÍn.OMÍina 3 HHX „Hi, MaMO, He MOJKHa HejiK)6a jikdöhtl" 3po6njiacH MiinaHCBKoio nicHeio, hk np peni i KijiBKa pociöcbKHX BÍpniÍB-niceHb rpeöiHKH. 4. Ocnn BonjiHCbKHH (1808-77), Han3BHnaHH0 3acjiyroBaHHŽ sm BHflaBeiíb yicpai'HCbKHx naM'íiTOK, mp 'Mafiace nijie jkhttji npo-JKHB y Mockbí, b pamnii poKH jkhtth BHCTynHB HK yKpamcBKHH no-er. 3naeTbCH, nin. BnjiHBOM MaKCHMOBHHa b MocKOBCBKOMy ymBep-CHTeTÍ bíh 3BepHyBCH np CTyniii HapoflHol noe3Íi, fioro nncepTania „O HapoHHOH no93HH caaBHHCKHx njieMeH'" (1837) HaaeacHTB np nepniHx poMaHTHHHHX po3BÍnpK Ha UK) TeMy b pocíhcbkíh JiiTepaTypi. 1833-5 pp. bíh npyKye KijiBKa Bipniiß Ta OKpeMoio khhjkkoio (ncesnomM „Icbko MaTepHHKa") „HacbKi yKpamcbKi Ka3KH". Po-MaHTHHHi MOTHBH (HauioHaabm — „eniTacpia" EornaHy XMeab-HHHbKOMy Ta Bipui „Knpnay Po3yMy" Ta Ka3K0BÍ — Tpn Ka3KH) oßpoöjieHo nyace npHMiTHBHo, ^hctoio Ta npocToio, aae Maao no-eTHHHOK) MOBOK). „Ka3KH" — Ha'ÍBHa cnpoôa „eTHorpa Mipoio cnpnnHHHaoca ap Han.-3BHMaÖH0i CTajiocTH poMaHTHHHoro BiuiHBy. iHina, HemeBneHKiBCBKa poMaHTHHHa Tpannuia, nip nepeTpHBajia nacn poMaHTHKH, g Tpa-rhiiíh HyTjiHBoro Ta cyMHoro poMaHcy, mp HaB'fl3ye np Haponiioi nicHi. BnjiHBH poMaHTHKH — nonacTH cpopMajibHi, nonacTH TeMa-thhhí. HacJiiflywHH IHeBaeHKOBi Bipmi, nipnpaBaa, hkhmocb hhhom yce nepeBOflHjiH ix Ha pHTMÍKy, 3HaöoMy 3 pociňcbKoi a6o HÍMeiibKoi noe3ÍI Ta 3 Bipniy íhiiihx poMaHTHKÍB, Ha HopMajibHi tohímhí pHT- MH, HHM CBOGpiflHy Kpacy IIIeBneHKOBHX BipmÍB IILJIKOM 3HHHl,yBaJIHt SK MH oannan np b Kyjiima. JJ,o Tóro 3obcím He 3BepTajra ysarn Ha mini BJiacTHBOcTi HleBneHKOBHX BipmÍB, Hanp., ix „iHCTpyivieH-Taiiiio" (flHB. bhhip JX. 5). OTace, npn bcíh 30bhíihhííí Ha nepiuHH norjian, cxojkoctí Bipmy nomeBneHKiBCbKHx aaciß 3 HleBaeHKOBHM, Bipm HanoÄOÔHTejiiB IIIeBneHKa 3aBacn,H 3aaHinaeTbca cyxHM, on,-HoMaHÍTHHM Ta rapMomiiHO 6iflHHM. ■— .HaaeKo ßijibme BnjiHBy Ma-jia TeMaTHKa yKpamcbKoi poMaHTHKH — i nepenyciM 3hob HleBneH-Ka — Ha JíiTepaTypy yKpamcbKoro ,,peajiÍ3My": 3 onHoro 6oKy, — ineaai3aii,ifl K03anTBa, 3 npyroro — Tparmm TeMH 3 ceaaHCBKoro JKHTTH Minn© BXOflflTb y TpanHUJK) npo3H Ta npaMH yKpamcbKHX. ■Hkhio TeMaTHKa ceaaHCbKoro ropa — iiíjikom npnpoaHa b „peaaie- THHHÍh" flpaMÍ, TO pOMaHTHKa K03aiITBa, BJiaCHe, IíÍJIKOM BHXOHHTb no3a Meaci „peaaicTiriHoi" TeMaTHKH, cKopme Bace Miř 6h peaaÍ3M niTH caiapM ,,HopHoi Pafln", 3 ii coiiiajibHoio npoöaeMaTHKoio, ajie poMaH Kyaima Tpannuii He yTBopHB. BeaHKOio Mipoio BnaHBoßi caMe poMaHTHHHoi aiTepaTypHoi Ta HayKOBoi Tpaaniin Tpeßa npn-nHcaxH bcí K03aHbKÍ TeMH flOBrnx apcHTHaiTb. He 6e3 BnaHBy po-MaHTHnHoi, a caMe HleBneHKOBoi TeMaTHKH, e i rparřme 3a6apBaeH-Ha TaKHx nHcaeHHHx apaM 3 cejiaHCbKoro noôyxy. I b KponHBHHHb-Koro, i b KapneHKa-Kaporo, i b OapHUbKoro 3HafiaeMo He anuie Hro TeMaTHKy, a HaBiTb i neBHi OKpeMi mothbh Ta nocTari 6aopoHÍH-HHx noeM HleBneHKa. Ta 6e3 nncaa — OKpeMi HaTHKH, BinryKH, mothbh 3 poMaHTHHHoi noe3Ü b nÍ3HÍmiň yKpaiHCbKiö ařrepaTypi. 2. npoTe, xoH skí 3Hanm BnaHBH aiTepaTypHoro MaTepiaay poMaHTHKH b nÍ3HÍmÍH aiTepaTypi, Ta ix ine ,,peaaÍ3M" Miř aHMa-aoio Mipoio ,,nepeTpaBHTH'', Hana™ im cBoro BaacHoro xapaKTepy, CBoro BaacHoro o(popMaeHHa: 6opoTb6a K03au,bKa — íik 6opoTb6a 3a coiiiaabHy cnpaBeajiHBÍCTb, iHTepnpeTaiiia TpoxH He bcígí poMaH-thhhoí aiTepaxypn, hk „HaponpaioÖCTBa" neBHoro peaaicTaM 6aH3b-Koro THny Tomp. iHaKme ctoítb cnpaBa 3 poMaHTHHHoio inpoaoricio. 3 Hei peaaÍ3M nepeiraaB KiabKa mothbíb, hůikom 3MÍHHBmH thm caMHM CBOG „peaaicTHMHe" oßannna. nonepme, bírkphtí poMaHTH-KOK) hk BHCOKOBapTHHH eneMeHT Haponiioro ACHTTH 3BHHai, noöyT, BipyBaHHa Haponm Ta HaponHa noe3Ía 3ajiHuiHjiHca b Meacax mhc- TeujbKoi yBarH yKpaiHCbKoro peajiÍ3My. Bohh naBÍTb nacTo 3aKpn-BajiH Bifl peajiicTiB xe, m o ix BjiacHe niKaBnao a6o Majio 6 niKaBHTH: coiiijiJibHi yMOBHHH HapoflHoro híhtth. „ETHorpacpřmHH pe- ajIÍ3M" G HKHMOCb CnoayHeHHHM peaJliCTHHHHX HaMipiB 3 pOMaHTHH- hok> TpaflHH,ÍGio. TaK caMo He 3hhkjio b nepiofl yKpaiHCbKoro pe- ajlÍ3My pOMaHTHHHe 3aXOnJieHHH MHHyaHM, 30KpeMa K03a^HHH0K), any, monpaBfla, peajii3M ,,cTHJii3yBaB" Ha cbíh KuiTajiT. I eTHorpa-(pi3M, i 3axonjieHHH MHHyjiHM 6yjiH, na acaab, b nopiBHHHHi 3 poMaH-THKOK) niflynaflOM: b eTHorpacpiaHOMy MaTepiHJii oa^HjiH Bate He rjiHöoKe GCTBo HapoflHoro flyxy — hijihx, hkhm MoacHa öyjio npHHTH flo nÍ3HaHHA xapaKTepy Hapofly, a oa^Hjin Jiniue, b HaíijiinuioMy BHnaflKy, „HapoflHy MyflpicTb", flocHTb npHMÍTHBHy Mopajib, a b ripiHOMy — npocTo MaTepiaa, 6e3 rjraonioro 3Ha-HeHHH. B icTopHHHOMy MHHyjioMy He HiyKajiH cneu;H(piHHHx pne neBHoi floÖH Ta icTopHHHoro MOMeHTy, a 3fle6ijibuia jiHuie bhtob-ManyBajiH äoro b flyci noTpeö cynacHocTH, iujikom saKpHBaronn flocHTb ôapBHCTe Ta noBHOKpoBHe yKpaiHCbKe MHHyjie cyMHHM Ta 3aHenajiHM yitpaiHCbKHM hchtthm 19-ro Brny. Be3 poMaHTHHHo'i cnaflmHHH yKpaiHCbKHH peajii3M HaneBHe 6yB on me 6iflHÍuiHH Ha TeMH Ta me MeHin ifleoaormHHH, amac bíh 6ys y aíhchocth. HoBHM öyjio i po3yMÍHHH poMaHTHKOK) GCTBa Hann Ta nponecy íl JKHTTH. Han,íh hk niaicHHH opraHÍ3M a6o „ocoôa BHinpro ciyne-hh", hchtth hkoi BHnjiHBaG 3 oflHoro flacepeaa („cepn,e" Kyjiiuia), po3yMÍGTbCH, fljiH nacy peajiÍ3My — yaßaeHHH 3aHaflTo „MicTrnme". Aae, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, flo6a ,,peajiÍ3My" He fliňinaa 6 i flo cBoro flocHTb noBepxoBoro po3yMÍHHa Han,ii, hk6h He Te BHxo-BaHHH, mo ňoro aa-Baaa noKoaiHHHM yKpamcbKOi iHTeaireHnľi poMaHTHHHa jiiTepaiypa. Ajie ine BaaíaHBinia Ta 3MÍHa, ino n BHecjia poMaHTHKa b po3yMÍHHH npoqecy jkhtth yKpamebKoi Han.ii. B nacH nppoMaHTHHHi 3arajibHHM yaBaeHHHM 6yao, mo yKpamcbKa Han,ia a6o BMepjia, a6o BMHpaG; me nÍ3HÍnie TyjiaK-ApTeMOBCbKHH Miř BHCMÍK»BaTH Kyjiiuia, mo ro-BopHB npo „K03au,bKy MaTKy" (yicpamy), mo Bace BOHa BMepaa, i nopyn HecMäHHHx flOTeniB Ha anpecy Kyainia, mo, MOBaaB, ,,caHHHTb" 3 uboro npHBOfly, bíh Mir anuie nonpoinaTnca 3 Heio no naHaxHfli caoBaMn „n,apcTBo íh HeôecHe". PoMaHTHKa npHHecaa yaBaeHHH npo „HanioHaabHe BiflpoflaceHHa", npo „BocKpeeeHHa" Ha-iní, i ne caoBo Ta ne yaBaeHHH saanniHanca, ne 3BaacaioaH Ha 3MÍny ocHOBHHx totok noraHfly Ha gctbo Hanťí, b yci nopoMaHTHHHi nepio-fln! A caMe, hk i poMaHTHKH, mo HaflaBaan TaKoro Han.3BHHaHH0ro 3HaMeHHH ,,caoBy" Ta jiiTepaTypi, nÍ3HÍmi yKpamcbfri ifleoaorii yci 3B'H3yBaan BiflpoflaíeHHH Hanjí 3 aiTepaTypHo-MOBHOio petpopMOio KoTaapeBCbKoro, xoh nicaa Hei HanionaabHe hchtth me flOBro ňniao uiaaxoM flaabinoro niflynany. m riopyn cyTo airepaTypHHx Ta HairioHaabHHx eaeMeHTÍB po-MaHTHHHoro cBÍTorjiafly 3ajiHuiHaoca b „cepeflHboro yKpa*mcbKO-ro ÍHTejiiťeHTa" b iiÍ3híiiihh *iac 6araTo i oKpeMHx, xo^i 6h h He-SHa^hhx ejieMeHTÍB poMamaraHoro noraafly Ha cbít Ta jkhtth. Ajie n.e HajiejKHTb yace flo nHTaHt icxopii KyjiMypH. 3. HaOBajKJiHBÍHia pnca Ta 3acjiyra yKpamcbKoi poMaHTHKH — Uß Te, m,o BOHa cBinoMo nocTaBHJia co6i 3aBflaHHH yTBopHTH ,,noBHy jiÍTepaTypy", mo Morjia 6 3aflOBoabHHTH flyxoBÍ norpeÖH bcíx kíji Ta niapÍB yKpaiHCbKoro cycnijitcTBa. OrpeMaiHHa flo „noBHoi jiÍTe-paTypn" 3HaHinao cBoe 3flÍHCHeHHa rojioBHe b yTBopeHHÍ „noBHoi mobh", mobh BceöiHHoi, npHnaTHoi flaa BHCJiOBy b ycix ccpepax jií-TepaTypn Ta jkhtth. LUonpaBfla, nonacTH Hepe3 nojiÍTH^HÍ yMOBH, no^acTH *iepe3 3HaHHHH po3KJian, HauioHaabHoro oojih^hh yKpam-cbKoro Hapony, mh jiinnie — noro bhiiihx BepcTB, cBoro npaKTHM-Horo 3flÍHCHeHHH cTpeMjíÍHHH poMaHTHKH He flocarayao: 6yjia MOHCe neBHa iaK)3Ía „noBHoi jiÍTepaTypn" — ajie b híhchoctí MaSace He öyjio 3paMH, onHH poMaH Ta KÍJiLKa onoBiflaHb He MoatyTb yTBopHTH np03H . . . KOJIH nopÍBHHGMO BÍpiHOnHCaHHH pOMaHTHKÍB 3 HHCJieH-HHMH BÍpHiaMH ÖapOKKa, TO nopÍBHHHHH BHnafle KÍJIbKÍCHO Teac He Ha KopHCTb poMaHTHKH. Ajie b ifleajii bch jiÍTepaTypa 3HafiiHJia coôi neBHy Mexy, 30 hkoí Morjia npaMyBaTH flaai! üicaa nepepBH n'aT- aeCHTHX pOKÍB pOMaHTHKH MOrjIH flaai npaqiOBaTH Hafl 3aBflaHHaM, íiKe BOHH paHÍnie coöi nocTaBnan. JXo Ix npairi Hafl yTBopeHHHM „noBHoi aÍTepaTypn" Tenep, y 60-tí poKH, npneflHaaHca npeflCTaB-HHKH HOBoro noKoaÍHHH, „peaaicTH". JJUhcho, im yflaaoca KyflH ôanat^e nifliäTH flo ifleaay „noBHoi aÍTepaTypn", Bace KÍabKÍCTio Ta pÍ3HOMaHÍTHÍcTK) ťaTyHKÍB TBopÍB. Aae HiHpoTa Ta noBHOTa aÍTepaTypn peaaÍ3My cnabHo 3MeHHiy6Tbca nepe3 nparHeHHH „peaaicTÍB" BÍflÔHBaTH b CBOlX TBOpaX „flÍHCHe" C y h a C H e aCHTTH yKpai'HCb- Koro Hapony; a nocKÍJibKH Hapofl cKaaflaBca nepeBaacHo 3 ceaaH-CTBa, to ceaaHCbKa TeMaTHKa flOMrnyc b Hafl3BH^aHHHx po3MÍpax„ Kyaini, npn BCbOMy po3yMÍHHÍ noTpeön noBHo'i arrepaTypn, nacTHHy cboíx TBopiB HanncaB no-pociocbKH, 6e3 cyMHÍBy, nonacTH nepes 6paK BHflaBiiiB, ^íHTaHÍB Ta nepe3 n.eH3ypm yMOBH. Aae i b ,,Hop-HÍíi Pafli" i b nÍ3HÍiHHx noeMax bíh He aanaBca fi HaiÍBiiHiHx ifle-oaorÍHHnx TeM. Bíh ne öohbch nHcara pa „HeöaraTbox" a6o flaa „MažôyTHboro HHTa^a", aKoro caMÍ TBopn „BHcoKoro CTHaio" MycnaH niflroTyBaTH, bhtbophth. „PeaaicTH" cbíaomo yxnaaiOTbca Bifl „bhcokoí" TeMaTHKH, nonacTH, po3yMÍGTbca, Teac ^cepe3 neH3yp-hí yMOBH, aae nonacTH i nepe3 Te, mo ix B3araai na TeMaTHKa He Ľ(ÍKaBHTb, Ta bohh Baíe híhk He HaMaraiOTbCH niflroTyBaTH HOBoro HHTa^a 3 bhiiihx Kaac. Jlinnia CHTyania ôyaa anuie b Taan^HHi, mo HHMajio cnpiraHHHJiocH ni3Hiine 30 npoBinnoi pojii rajiHHHHH b yKpaiHctKOMy pyci. 4. IIoe3ia yKpamcbKoi poMaHTHKH 3aniKaBHJia u nyacy, po3y-MiGTbca, b 3B'H3Ky 3 yciGio iseojioriGio poMaHTHKH — nepeBajKHo cjiOB'flHctKy poMEHTHKy. Bee jk nepeKJiaflH norjiasHo HenHCJieHHi. KpiM nectKHx, nepuiHX y naci, rojioBHe nepeKJiasn 3 ILteBHeHKa ^HCJieHHi b niBfleHHOcjioB'jiHCbKHX jiiTepaTypax — y 6ojirapiB Ta cepGiB, TaK mo Monceino tobophth npo BnjiHB IIIeBHeHKa Ha niB-fleHHoejioB'HHCbKi jiiTepaTypn. JJpSpi nepeKJiann IIIeB^eHKa MaiOTb i nojiHKH (rojioBHe nepeKJiaRH CoBiHCLKoro Ta KoH3paTOBHHa-CH-poKOMjii). y pociHCbKin JiiTepaTypi, g HHCJieHHi, ajie, 3a MajiHMH BHHHTKaMH, cJia6Ki nepeKJiaan. Ta BajKJiHBimi, 33aGTbca, BinryKH yKpamcbKoi HapoflHoi noe3iii, BiflKpHTOl pOMaHTHKaMH. TaKi BiflryKH, HaCJliflyBaHHH K03aH,bK01 TeivraTHKH, HanpHKJiaa, 3ycTpmeMo b nexiB, a rojioBHe b cjioBaKiB. HaBiTt y HiMeiibKiH JiiTepaTypi nicjia 1840 p. 3HaHneMO HeBejiHKy rpyny TBopiB 3 yKpamcbKOK) TeMaTHKOio: nopyn BHflaHHx 1845 p. EoaeHuiTenroM („lToeTHHHa YKpaiHa") Ta 1848 p. BajibflSpiojieM (,,BajiajiaHKa") yKpamcLKHx niceHb, 1841 p. BHHiujia opnriHajifa-Ha 36ipKa BipniiB Ha yKpamcbKi TeMH ,,yKpai'HCbKi nicni" A. M. Hox-Myca-MaBpiinioca, noeMH „Ma3ena" T. E. HlTeSiina 1844 p., „roH-Ta" P. cpoH roTinajiJiH 1850; poMaHTH^Ho 3a6apBjieHi Tpareflii K: K). LQTapKa ,,Bm nia riojiTaBoio" (1855), P. cpoH ToTHiajiJiH ,,Ma-senna" (Tan! 1865 p., nepeKJianpHa Ha yKpamcbKy MOBy 4>eflbKO-BH^eM), Ta icTopH^hhh poMaH ,,Ma3ena" A. Mioiiejiboypfa (1860). Bate 1831 p. ITIaMicco nepepoSHB, Ha JKajib, jinme nacTHHy, ,,Boh-HapoBCbKoro" PnjreGBa y ^ynpBi HiivrenbKi TepnHHH; ripniHH, ajie noBHHH HiMen.bKHH nepeKJiaa ,,BoHHapoBCbKoro" BHnaB I. PojioBiH 1847 p. Kojio 1840 p. 3'HBjiHiOTbca mMeiibKoio mobok> nepeKJiaan nojibCbKHX ,,yKpamcbKix noBicTeii" M. HanKOBCbKoro. BHyTpiuiHifi 3b'h3ok y po3BHTKy inei yKpai'HCbKO-mMeiibKoi poMaHTH^Hoi JiiTepaTypH me 30BciM He flOCJliflHCeHHH. 5. IcTopH^ma cBiTOBa 3acjiyra poMaHTHKH — „bi3kphtth" Ha-poflHoi noe3ii Ta 3Ha*iHa ynacTb y BnpoSjieHHi HOBiTHboro ,,icT0pH3-My". H,i 3acjiyrn Mac i yKpamcbKa poMaHTHKa. Bwe ^HCJieHHi 36ip-kh yKpaH*icbKHx HapoflHHX niceHb nocTajin 3 poMaHTHHHoro 3axon-jiemni HapoflHOio noe3ieio. HaBiTb i KijibKa 3t)ipoK, mo bhhhijih iiiohho ni3Hime, 3o6oB'a3aHi cboim nocTaHHHM poMaHTH^HOMy 3a-xonjieHHio. TojiOBHe — HayKOBi 36ipKH caMi, 6e3 poMaHTHMHoi Bipn, mo b HaponHiii noe3ii 3axoBaHHH tjihSokhh ifleHHHH 3mict, mo b hih CKOHDjeHTpoBaHe gctbo HapoflHoro ayxa, hikojih He Morjin 6 npHBec- TH 30 pOSnOBCIOHJKeHHfl TeMaTHKH Hap03H01 niCHi, 30 BJKHTKy ii 3a- co6iB y HiTyHHin nce3ii. IIopoMaHTH^HHH nepios flajii npaii.K)6 Has 485 HapoHHoio noe3ÍGio, ff 3ÖHpaHHa Ta npcainaceHHa nocyHyancH 3HaHHO Hanepen,. 3HHKao ineaaÍ3yBaHHH naponHoi noe3ii, Ha any no^aan flHBHTHca jinrae hk Ha eTHorpacpiHHHH, íctophhhhh Ta arrepaTypHHH MaTepiaa. 3BHHairao He 3BepxaeTbca yßarn Ha Te, m,o yitpamcbica poMaH-THKa Biairpajia BeaHne3Hy poaK) b npcain,aceHHi yitpamcbKOi ícto-pii, 60 Bi^KpHTTa Ta BHn,aHHH roaoBHnx nacepea reTbMaHCbicoro nepiony e 6e3cyMHÍBHoio 3acayroK> poMaHTHKÍB. Xoh aKe HefcpHTHHHe 6yao cno^aTKy 3axonaeHHa ,,IcTopieio PyciB" xa h íhihhmh aiTonnc-HHMH Ta niceHHHMH MaxepiaaaMH, aae He MoaiHa 3a6yBaxn ô Toro, mo pOMaHTHKH 3 IM BaaCTHBHM nparHeHHHM 3HaÖTH B MHHyaoMy Te, mo nm cynacHocTH BÍn,pÍ3HHeTbCH, mo flJia MHHyaoro xapaKTepnc-THHHe, SoMy Ta annie HOMy BaacTHBe, 3po6Han HHMaao, mo6 nepe-öopoTH HeKpHTHHHe ineaaÍ3yBaHHH yKpamctKoi CTapoBHHH. HayKOBa cnaflmHHa KocTOMapoBa i Kyainia BeaHKow Mipoio noß'a3aHa 3 ix pOMaHTHHHHM CBÍTOraHnOM. I KOaH SaabHIHH p03BHT0K iCTOpHHHOl HayKH naaeico 3aanuiHB 3a co6ok) CTapi poMaHXH^mi npcainaceHHa, to 30BCÍM iHaKHie cToaaa cnpaBa 3 aixepaTypHHM BHKopHCTaHHaM iciopn^moro MaTepiaay. HleB^ieHKo a6o Kyaiin naan cnpoÖH ocbít-jieHHfl MHHyaoro Yicpamn b öoro Bean^Hocxi, aae 3yMian nininxH np MHHyaoro YKpaiHH aK no »CHBoro acHTxa, pÍ3HOMaHÍTHoro Ta pi3-HOBapTHoro; b nacH ,,peaai3My" noHHHae HaTOMicxb naHyBara b ic-TopHMHOMy poMaHi Ta flpaMi ineaai3an4a MHHyaoro, niaKOM HeitpH-THHHe BHcaaBaeHHa iioro; niaicoM BxpaneHo Beany 3ni6mcxb kphthh-ho nocTaBHTHca anmo He no MHHyaoro b niaocri, to xona 6 30 oicpe-MHX iioro 3'hbhhj;. 6. HaHOiatini 3acayrn yKpamcbicoi poMaHTHKH b (popMajibHHx npcarHeHHax ff aiTepaTypHo'i nponyKn,ii. Hi npcarHeHHa He JiHiue 3acayra ocoonexoro reHia IIIeBHeHKa. Bo Siabinicxb thx ochobhhx cpopMaabHHx pne, mo ix saBfla^ye yKpa'mcbica aiTepaxypa HleBnen-kobí, Bace no IIIeBHeHKa BHCTynae b noexiß yicpamcbKoi poMaHTHKH. ToaoBHa pnca — nepexin. Bin. mobhoí xpanHnii KoxaapeBCbKoro, ce6-To xpaBecxii, 3 oahoÔíhhhm npôopoM caiB 3 3a6apBaeHHaM hkoícl He-3BHHaiÍHocTH: ByabťapH3My, komíhhocth. pinKOCXH i t. n,., po yTBO-peHHa HOBoi mobh, HopMaai30BaHoi Ta npnnaxHoi naa cepôo3HHx noeTHHHHx ťaTyHKÍB, naa BHcaoBy noayBaHb i nyMOK ,,noBHoi Haiiji". BHTBopeHHa hobhx cpopM, HK poMaHTHHHi öaaann a6o ,,BÍabHa no-eMa" i t. p. ra ix CTnaicxHHHa yKpaÍHÍ3anÍH — TaK caMo npoKonHHUb-Ka npaira p o m a h thkí b, My3Hqmcxb noeTHHHoi mobh — ocHOBHa bh-Mora poMaHTHHHoi noeTHKH — 3o6oB'a3aHa cboímh HaSöiabniHMH ycnixaMH IHeBneHKOBi. <í>opMa Bipiuy poÖHTb naabini ycnixn, ocTa-TOHHO BiflMOBHBHiHca Bin. cTaporo CHaflßiHHoro Bipuiy; aae nopyn po3BHTK.y nepeÔHaToro Bin, pocíhh „TOHÍHHoro" (Ha Harojiocax 36y-npBaHoro) Bipuiy, 3ycTpÍHaeMo opHfiHajibHe HacjiinyBaHHH Hapo-nHO-niceHHoro Bipnry b IHeB^eHKa, — IHeBaeHKiB Bipiu, hk 3ran,aHo, hhbhhm hhhom He 3Haxon,HTb y Meacax poMaHTHKH HacjiipiyBaHHH! HaHÖijibHie BpaaceHHH bíh, dpopivrajibHHX ycnixiB po-MaHTHKH nic-TaHeMo Toni, kojih npHnHBHMc-CH ÖJiHJKae 30 Toro HexTyBaHHH (po-p-MajiBHoi CTopoHH TBopy, HKe 3ycTpiaaeMo aacTo b nepion, „peajiisMy". 7. Kmeni yKpaiHCBKoi poMaHTHKH He 6yB TaKOK) npHponHoio CMepTio, HKy 3HaHHijia poMaHTHKa Ha 3axoni a6o b Haninx 6jih3bkhx cycinJB, ne neBHo nepecnaeHHH poMaHTmmHM crajieM npHBejio no pÍ3K0'i 3MÍHH JiÍTepaTypHoro HanpHMy. BamKo ôyjio- „nepecHTHTHcn" thmh po3MÍpHo HeaHCJieHHHMH TBopaMH, hkí najia yKpaÍHCbKä pOMaH-THKa. Kmeub yKpa'ÍHCbKo'i poMaHTHKH Ta nepeMora HOBoro cthjho 6yjiH 3yMOBJieHÍ BejíHKoio Mipoio npmiHHaMH no3ajiÍTepaTypHHMH — couiHjibHHM po3BHTKOM, 111,0 BHMaraB hoboí jiiTepaTypHo-i npo-ÖJieMa-THKH, a me ôijibiue po3bhtkom 3axinHÍx Ta cycinmx jiÍTepaTyp, 30K-peMa pocificbKOi, HKa b neu aac 3np6yjia TaKoro piniyaoro BnjiHBy Ha yKpamcbKy, hk híkojih 30 Toro. Po3yMÍeTbCH, mh ho MomeMo eoôi yHBHTH, ihoö pOMaHTHHHa jiiTepaTypa TpHMajiacH Ha YKpami me ne-chthjiítth nicjiH ií 3aHenany b híjiíh Eßponi, — yKpamcbKa JiiTepaTypa, hk i BCHKa mína, JKHBe b miJibHo-My 3B'n3Ky 3 jrirepaTypaMH íhhihx Hapofliß. Ajie npouec jrirepaTypHoro po3BHTKy cTaB Ha YKpa-ihí b upŘ aac nponecoM „HeopramHHHM", MaäHce bhkjiiohho Hacjii-jHyBäHHHM nyacoro po3BHTKy. rieBHy CBoepinmcTb yKpamcbKHH ,,pe-ajiÍ3M", mpnpaBna, Mae, ajie hh CBo-epinHicTb e MaiiHce hííjikom He-ťaTHBHoro xapaKTepy, HacaMnepen. piniyaa nepeBara cejiHHCbKoí Te-MaTHKH; íhihí HanpHMH po3BHTKy ,,peajiÍ3My", Hanp., ncHxojiormHHH poMaH, mp naß ycionH Hafijiinnii kbíth peajiicTHHHoi JiiTepaTypH, Ha YKpaiHi 3ajlHHIHJIHCH B 3apOHKaX. BjlH3bKÍCTb np HÍHTTfl, hko'í BHMarajia peajiicTir-iHa noeTHKa, 3HaHinjia co6i napanoKcajib-HHM cnocoöoM BHpa3 y 3ByiKeHHi TeMaTHKH jiiTepaTypHHx TBopÍB np TeM „CeJIHHCbKHX". JJpCHrHeHHH pOMaHTHaHOl JiiTepaTypH Ha IHJIHXy 30 ,,noBHoi JiiTepaTypn" 6yjiH 3HOBy 3arpojKeHÍ, He 3BajKaiOMH Ha Han3BHHaHHHH 3picT jiÍTepaTypHoi npoayKU,ii Ta Ha 11 noaac™ npôpy hkícib. E K C K y FC V „BI^EPMA€P" TA „HATyPAJILHA HIKOJIA" HA yKPAÍHI 1. B ocTaHHi necaTHjiÍTTa b HiMenbKiä icTopii jiiTepaTypH 06-poÖJieHo H0B6 noHHTTH, ßanosiraeHe 3 o6pa30TBopHoro MHCTe n,TBa — „öiaepMacp". /JncKycia npo n.e noHHTTa m;e He 3aKÍHHena, i nepe3 n.e, aeaKi íioro pncn me ctohtb nin, 3HaK0M nHTäHHa Ta He iííjikom 3'acoBaHo, hkí caMe nncbMeHHHKH HaaeaíaTb a,o u,ígi Tenii. B kojkho-My pa3i — ochobhí pncn — „ÖinepMaGpy", penpe3eHTOBaHoro tojiob-He b aBCTpiöcbKiH jiÍTepaTypi, g pncn „nÍ3HbopoMaHTHMHÍ", ne neBHa (pOpMa pOMaHTHKH, HKy BH3HaHaK)Tb, aÔO SK „MÚnaHCbKy pOMaHTH- Ky", a6o HK ,,poMaHTHKy cTapeny". ToaoBHi ineoaorŕqHÍ mothbh poMäHTHKH b aiTepaTypHOMy öiaepiviaepi caaômaiOTb Ta 3HHKaioTb. 3aMÍcTb ÍHHHBÍn.yajiÍ3My Ta peBoaioniRHoro nopHBy MaeMo Ty t no-Bary np „HaflinnHBinyaabHoro nopaaKy" b nepacaßi, peairil, 3Bnna-flx, yxna np Tpan,Hnií; 3aMÍcib hchboí cnparn, any Moace 3anpBoab-hhth annie Beet cbít, — cnoKiime 36HpaHHa, KoaeKnioHyBaHHa. 3aMÍCTb pÍ3KOCTH, nopHB^iaCTOCTH pOMaHTHKH, — M'aKÍCTb, cnoKht; 3aMÍCTb CTpeMaiHHa np npaÖHboro, HaBÍTb no3a Meaú HopMaabHoro Ta fl03BoaeHoro, — noinaHy, noKopy, CMnpeHHa hk ochobhí necHOTH aioflHHH; MOBa CTac cnoKiímiinoio, npaBHabHÍHioio, noMÍpKOBaHinioio, CTaTHHHÍHIOK). KpÍM UHX OCHOBHHX pHC, HpCainHHKH Ha3HBaaH h íh-HIÍ - flO TOrO TaKÍ, ino CTOHTb b neBHOMy npOTHpÍHHÍ OHHÍ 3 OflHHMH: iflHaÍHHHH xapaKTep Ta „po3ÍpBamcTb", necHMÍ3M, cyM Ta nparHeHHH cnoKiíiHoi, m'hkoi KpacH. Ha3HBaan neaKi pncn, xapaKTepncTHHHi annie naa onpeMHX nncbMeHHHKiB, hk Hanp., noBary np aHTH^HocTH, mp neBHOK) Mipoio 6yaa BTpaneHa poMaHTHKoio i t. n,. Thhobí npen,-cTaBHHKH cTHaio ôinepaiacp g yaaHfl, IUTÍcpTep, A. ^pocTe-rioabc-rocp, rpiabnapnep, ľ. Keaaep, O. JIionBir. BKa3aH0 Ha icHyBamiH cnopinHeHnx 3'hbhhj; y necbKiö Ta caoBanbKÍH aixepaxypax. 2. Byaa cnpoöa (I. IlaHbKeBH1!) BBecxH po3nia „öinepMacp" i np icTopií yKpai'HCbKo'í aÍTepaTypn. KoHKpeTHo BKa3aHo Ha neBHi m'hkí tohh M. ülaiHKeBH^a Ta na oflHe (!) onoBinaHHH M. ycTH-aHOBH^a. JlHuie 6e3nincTaBHHH 3npran,, BHcaoBaeHHÖ npo cnopinHe-HHH xapaKTep tbop^octh Kbítkh, TyaaKa-ApTeMOBCbKoro, MeTaHH-cbKoro. H BBaHcaio 3a HenoTpiÖHHÄ cnen,ÍHJibHHH po3niji npo „öinepMacp" b icTopľi yKpaiHCbKoi jiiTepaTypn. He jiHiue TOMy, inp flo Hboro no-TpanjiaTb He^HCJieHHi Ta HeBH3HaHHÍ nncbMeHHHKH, ajie rojioBHe TOMy, inp h hí nncbMeHHHKH He nynte njia „óinppMacpy" xapaKTe-Phcthhhí. B too *iac, HK Ha 3axon.i (y hímd;íb) „ßinepMaep" g peaK-ijígio Ha poMaHTHKy, 3'HBHmeM „npoTBepe3ÍHHJi" nicjifl 3axonjieHHfl poMaHTHHHHMH íneHMH, Binxony Bin, hhx, — Ha yKpaim He ôyjio HiflKoro ťpyHTy njia TaKo'i peaKnii npoTH poMaHTHKH, a 30KpeMa He öyjio TaKoro ťpyHTy b ocoÔHCTOMy po3BHTK.y OKpeMHx noeTÍB. BaacKO roBopHTH hjih y"Kpa'íhh i npo „oOMiinaHeHHjť' poMaHTHKÍB. O k p e m i KOHKpeTHi pněn noe3Íi ôinepMacpy 3ycTpmeM0, inpnpaBna y noonn-HOKHx noeTÍB: He jinnie b HlaniKeBH^a, ajie h b MejiHHxojiiÖHHX jiipHKÍB — neTpeHKa, 3a6ijiH, HyjKÔHHCbKoro, C. MeTjiHHCbKoro, b nonaTKax IHprpJieBa, y noBÍcTapiB M. ycTHjmoBHqa Ta nonacTH h O. CTopoaceHKa. ryjiaK-ApTeMOBCbKHfi Ta Kßiraa — B3arajii He poMaHTHKH, A. MeTJIHHCBKHH - nOCJliflOBHHH pOMaHTHK, yci TpOG 3 ôiaepMacpoM He MaiOTb mnoro cnijibHoro. JXo Toro pncH cthjiio 6inep-Maep nocTajín y yKpamcbKHx noeTÍB He uijihxom oprammioro po3-BHTKy, a niJiflxoM npocToro 3ano3HHeHHH — y IHaniKeBH^a 3 aB-CTpincbKo'i JiiTepaTypn; y íhiuhx 3i cnopinHeHHx 3 6inepMaepoM po-cificbKHx noexiB, ajie rojioBHe 3 — flJiH öinepMacpy 3obcím He Tnno-Boro aHTHTpaflHuioHajiicTa Ta ,,6aiípoHÍcTa" — JlepMOHTOBa. Ajie nopyn: cthjiícthhhhx 3ano3H^eHb 3 jiiTepaTypn öinepMaGpy Ma-GMO b 3ranaHHx yKpamcbKHX noeTÍB 3HanHÍ BnjinBH 30bcím He ,,6iflepMa6pÍBCbKo'i" poMaHTHHHo'i noe3Ü, HacaMnepen,, HleBnemía. On,-5Ke, cTHJib „SinepMacp", crajib BejíHKOK) Mipoio oÓMememíň Ha hí-Mei^bKy jiiTepaTypy Ta JiiTepaTypn, mp nepeôyBajiH nip; "ii 6e3noce-penHÍM BnjiHBOM, sajinmHB b yKpamcbKiö jiiTepaTypi jmme h e- 3 h a H H H H CJlifl. 3. JJajieKo ÔJiHHí^e 30 yKpamcbKOi JiiTepaTypn CTOHJia imna, pociňcbKa (popMa po3KJiany poMaHTHKH — t. 3b. „HaTypajibHa uiko-jia", OflHa 3 ochobhhx inen poMaHTHKH — nyMKa npo jma cbíth, MÍHC HKHMH CTOÍTb JIIOflHHa. POMaHTHKa CnOHaTKy MaJIIOG OÔHflBa cbíth ohhh nopy^c oflHoro a6o jmme „bhii^hh", „HeseMHHÖ" cbít. HaTypajibHa mKOjia nonajiaca 31 cnpoö MajiiOBaTH jmme ohhh hhjk-hhh, „3eMHHn" cbít. 3MajibOByBajiH öoro poMaHTHKH 3 pncaMH ne-peBajKHo bíh'gmhhmh, íik KapHKaxypy, ťpoTecK. Ochobhí pncn nboro HaTypajiicTH^Horo cthjiio hk cthjiio nÍ3HbopoMaHTHHHoro Ta nepe-xopoBoro np peajiÍ3My (Ha3BH „HaTypajiÍ3My" nÍ3HÍme BJKHBajiH hjiíi BH3HaHeHHfl 30BCÍM ÍHmnx Tenia) g nepeöijibineHHji b 3MajnoBaHHÍ HeťaTHBHHx pne híhchocth, pne, mo xapaKTepn3yioTb 30KpeMa i"í no-poíKHeny, HÍKHeMHÍcTb; MeTacpopn, nopÍBHHHHa HaTypajiÍ3My cnpa- 489 MOBäHÍ 3n,e6ijibnia ,,p;o HH3y", — Hanp., jhorh 3ne6ijibina Herapm, nopÍBHIOIOTíjCíI 3 TBapHHaMH, a TO H MepTBHMH pinaMH j neŕÍ3ajKÍ nacTo noxMypi, cyMHi Ta npo3ai'HHÍ — npin,i MpaKa i t. n,., MicTa cipi, 6pynHÍ; oflíir cTapnä, nojiaTaHHH, po3nepTHÍi; HaTypaaicTH oxone OriHCyiOTB ReTaJIBHO ,,HH3BKe" - HK JIIOflH lflHTb, n'lOTb, HIOXaiOTB TaÔaKy. MoBa ríhobhx ociô 6e3nopan,Ha, npHMÍTHBHä. 3 HaTypajiic-thhhoí jiÍTepaTypn (paHTacTHKa 3HHKae a6o 3'aBjiaGTbca Ha tjií Han.-3BHnaHHo cipo'i npo3H jkhtth. Xon HaTypajiÍ3M He npoxonHTb i n0B3 cepH03HÍ Tpareflü, ajie Tpareni'i ni 3ne6ijibiua JKHTTbOBi, repo'i iihx Tpareniô — jiionH 6yneHHÍ, cipi, SBHnanm, 6inHÍ, Hemacm. HaTypa-jiícth 3ajno6KH nHHiyTb TBopH 6e3 „repo'ÍB", noöyTOßi, „(pÍ3ÍojiorÍH- HÍ" HapHCH. OCHOBOnOJIO>KHHKOM pOCÍHCbKOl HaTypaJIbHOl UIKOJIH 6yB yKpaiHeiíb M. Torojib, rojiOBHe b cboí'x ,,neTep6yp3bKHx" ono-BiaaHHHX, a cepen, öoro HaHBHn,aTHÍiHHx hocjiírobhhkíb — i yKpamni, Hanp., y cboí'x pociôcbKHx TBopax TpeöiHKa Ta Kyjiini. Ha 3axoni cnopinHem 3 HaTypajiÍ3M0M nemú ocTaHHi onoBÍn,aHHH E. T. A. Tocp-MaHa (,,BepjiÍHCbKÍ onoBinaHHH"), cTaTTi Ta noBicri jK. ^KaHeHa, no-nacTH Bajib3aKa, a Hanöijibnie nepnii poMaHH H. /JiKKeHca. HinaBo, mo uX 5K cthjiícthhhí pněn e b noBÍČTÍ Ha yKpai'HCbKy TeMy nojibCb-Koro nncbMeHHHKa KpameBCbKoro („yjwraa" 1843), qo ctohb míjk pOMaHTHKOIO Ta peajiÍ3M0M. 4. HaTypajiÍ3M yKpamcbKHx nHCBMeHHHKÍB oÖMOKyeTbca bhk-jiionHo Ha ix TBopax pociňcbKoio mobok). 3 nboro norjiímy iiiKaBO, mo He Jiňme Kyjiini (y 50-tí pokh) nncaB pociöcbKi „HaTypajiicTHHHi" onoBinaHHH, a ň pocificbKi noBicri IHeBneHica MawTb nHMajio pne cthjik) „HaTypajibHoi uikojih". Hen CTHjib, mp no3HanHBCH i Ha nep-ninx TBopax TypťeHSBa Ta JJpCTOGBCbKoro, Manace He 3HanniOB BflajiHX BinryKiB y BÍpnioBaHÍn noe3Í'i, 3a bhhhhtkom noe3Ín HeKpacoBa. JJ,chkí pněn nÍ3HÍx noe3ÍH HleBneHKa Moaoia me noíicHHTH bhuhbom ,,Ha-TypajibHoi niKOJín"; apaici BinryKH íi, a caMe, nonacTH nip; BnjiHBOM HeKpacoBa, 3ycTpmeMO i b Bipmax Ct. PymaHCbKoro. Aae e nie MeH-me niRCTaB bhríjiíith „HaTypaabHy uiKOJiy" b otcpeMHH po3n,iji ynpa-ÍHCbKo'i icTopi'i jiiTepaTypH, amac ije e 3 ,,6inppMaepoM". y JIITEP ATyP A H,eä noKa>KHHK jiiTepaTypn He npeTeH^ye Ha noBHOTy. Ro koskhoto BinfliJiy 3a3HanyK) bharhhh tgkctIb Ta npaui, 3 hkhx MHTan aoBiHaGTbCH npo CTaH riHTELHHfl. KojiH icHye ni3Hiina npana, &e 3petpepoBaHe ciapine ÄOCJiiAJKeHHH, to Ha3B CTapuiHx npanb He noaaio. B aeannx BHnaflKax flOBejioca no^aTH, nepe3 Spate cHHTeTHHHHX onpaubosaHb, Ha3BH cnei;mjibHHX posBiflOK. JXjib. aeaKHx po3Äijiiß, nepe3 6paK npHCTynmiuHx npaut, 6i6jiio-rpadpil He nonaHo: MHTan Moace ÖJiHJKHe 3a3HaäoMHTHCa 3 nHTanHHM 3 3a-rajitHHx KypciB. 3raflyK)HH HKycb npanro, a 30BciM uhm He bhcjiobjiiok) CBOG1 3rOflH 3 BHCJIOBJieHHMH B hjh ayMKaMH. -— UKOpOHeHHH - HHB. b KiHUl cnncKy. 3arajibHi tboph C. GcppeMOB: Ict. yicp. nncbMeHCTBa. I-H. K.-JlHAnnlf. 1919-1924 (Beci> oScar yKp. jiiTepaTypn). — M. Bo3hhk: Ict. ynp. jiiTepaTypn. I, II, 1-2. JI. 1920-1 (ao KiHU,H 18 ct.). — M. rpyineBCbKHH: Ict. yKp. jirrepaTypn. I-V. K.-JI. 1923-5 (ao no^aTKy 17 ct.). — Hct. pyccKOM JiHTepaTypbi AKaAeMHH HayK CCCP. I, II, 1 Ta 2. M. 1940-50. — A. IlbinHH: Hct. pyccKoä jiHiepa-Typbi. I-IV, BHfl. CII6. 19 (08) (yKp. Jinnie ao 18 ct.). — D. Cizevsky: Outline of Comparative Slavic Literatures. Eoctoh 1935. CTapa JliTepaTypa (nepesaatHo nepioa. 11-13 CTOJiiTB) II. BjiaAHMHpoB: ^pesHHH pyccKaa jiHTepaTypa KneBCKoro nepnoAa XI-XIII BeKOB. K. 1901. — M. CnepaHCKHÜ: Hct. APeBHeft pyccKofi JiHTepaTypbi. t. I. M. 1921. — B. Hctphh: O^epK hct. APeBHepyccKofi JiHTepaTypbi AOMonrojibCKoro nepHOAa (11-13 bb.). n. 1922. — H. ryA3HH: Hct. ApeBHeä pyccKoä JiHTepaTypbi (öaraTO BHAaHb, ocTaHHG 1955 p.). — A. OpjioB: Kypc jieKiiHH no npeBHefi pyccKofi jiHTepaType. M.-JI. 1939. — D. Tschizew-skij: Geschichte der altrussischen Literatur im 11., 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. Prankfurt/Main, 1948. 36ipKH TeKCTiB O. Eijien>khh: XpecTOMaTin AaBHboi ynp. jiiTepaTypH. K. 1949. — H. ryA3HH: XpecTOMaTHH no APeBHepyccKofi JiHTepaType (öararo BHAaHb, oc-TaHHG 1953). — Ad. Stender-Petersen: Anthology of Old Russian Literature. New York. 1954. — . BycJiaeB: HcTopHHecKaa xpHCTOMaTHa... M. 1861. — r. KymejieB-Ee36opoAKo (pe^. KocTOMapoBa Ta IlbmHHa): ITaMaTHHKH CTapofi pyccKoä jiHTeparypbi. I.-P7. Cn6. 1861. -— noHOMapeB: naMHTHHKH Ap.-pyc. itepKOBHO-yHHTejibHOH JiHTepaTypbi. I-IV. CTI6. 1894-8. — H. Hh-KOJibcKHfi COPfl 82 (1907). m ZJoicTopHTHa apöa B. — 3>. EycJiaeB: HcTopn^ecKHe onepKH pyccKoii HapoflHoä wioBec-HOCTH h HCKyccTBa. I-II. M. 1861. — Moflepue HayKOBe ocbItjighhh y Tpy-ineBCbKora, tt. I Ta IV. — E. Mahler: Die russische Totenklage. Jlnänuir. 1936. — B. Ahhhkob: H3biHecTBo h ÄpeBHna Pycb. CII6. 1914. — V. Man-sikka: Die Religion der Ostslaven. L, TejitciHKi. 1922. —■ P. Altkirch. Af sPh. 30 (1909). — H. naBJiOB-CHjibBaHCKHH iKMffll. 1905, 6. — A. JIsmeHKO. y. 1926, 4. B. — A. Stender-Petersen: Die Varaegersage als Quelle der altrussischen Chronik. Opryc. 1934. r. — rpyineBCbKHH: I. — G. Baesecke: Die indogermanische Verwandschaft des Hildebrandliedes. reiriHreH. 1940. — A. JlameHKo im.II, 190 (1921). — B. Hpxo HOPfl 22 (1917), 2. — HnjKeBCbKHH ZfsPh. XXII (1954), 2. — 3acTapijie ocBiTjieHHa: G. Krek: Einleitung in die Geschichte der slavischen Literatur. 2. bh^. Ipan;. 1887. EKCKyPC I. A. — OrjiflflH b niflpyMHHKax. — IIop. Ict. BisaHTiäebKoi jiixepaTypH KpyM6axepa (1893) Ta M. MypKo: Geschichte der aelteren suedslavischen Literaturen. Jlsänuir. 1908 (oöhabI khhth 3acrapijin). B. a. — C. CeßepbHHOB: CynpacjibCKafl pyKonHCb. CIT6. 1904 (Mmen 3a 6epe3eHb). — B. MaJiHHHH: 10 cjiob ,,3jiaTocTpyji" 12 BeKa. CII6. 1910. — ypHBKH „Ilpojiory" y IIoHOMapeBa: üaMflTHHKH, tom III Ta IV. B. 6. — KymeaeB-EesöoponKo t. III. — H. THxoHpaBOB: IlaMHTHHKH OTpeneHHofi jnrrepaTypti. I.-II. Cnö. 1863. — üopcpHpfeeB COPH. 17 (1877) Ta 42 (1888). — I. 3>paHKo: AnoKpndai i jiereHflH I-V. JI. 1896-1910 (Ila-m'htkh ynp. mobh i jiiTepaTypn). — TnxoHpaBOB: ConnHeHm. I. M. 1898. r. a. — Majiajia — Hctphh b COPH, 89-91 (1903-5), ße BKa3ißKH Ha paHinie bh^pyKOBaHi IcTpiHHM TeKCTH. — AMapTOJi: Hctphh: KHHrti Bpe-MeHbHbiH... reoprna Mmixa. I-III. CII6. 1920-30. — jiaBHit: V. Istrin: La Prise de Jerusalem... I-II. IlapniK 1934. — HlecTOflHeB—HOH/I 1879. — i3iojior: A. KapHeeß: H3HOJior. M. 1890. — T. PaftHOB: Hayna b Pocchh. 1940. r. 6. — TeKCTH: nbinim, b „naMHTHHKax" KyniejieBa-Be36opoaKO. — nbinnn: OnepK jiHxepaTypHoä hct. CTap. noßecTeä h CKa30K pyccKHx. cnö. 1858. —- A. OpjiOB: üepeBOflHbie noßecTH (heoftajibHOH Pycn... JI. 1934. -— B. BeceaoBCKHH COPfl. 40 (1886). — I. «fcpaHKO. 3HTIH. 8, 10, 18, 20. — J-IeBremH (J-IireHic): CnepaHCKHÄ COPH 99 (1922). -— B. Hctphh: Aaeic-caHnpna pyccKHx xpoHorpadpoB. M. 1898. — OedpaHiT Ta IxmjiaT: nj_in 16, 27 (1877-8) Ta 64, 78 (1880-1). — BapjiaaM Ta IocadpaT: n^n 88 (1887). F. — CoöojieBCbKHH COPfl. 88 (1910). — P. Akoöcoh HOPfl 24 (1919). — H. TpyÖenKoä ZfsPh. XI (1934). JX — MypKo (ijht. BHme) — 3acTapiae. — J-JonoBHeHHa: CoSoaescKHÄ PB. 1900, COPH. 88 (1910). — Olaf Jensen (P. 5Iko6coh) : Co daly nase zeme Evrope a lidstvu? npara. 1940. — H. HnKOJibCKHä: noBecn. BpeMeH-hhx jict. CAH 2 (1930), 1. 492 I. JJoöa MOHyivieHTaJibHoro cthjiio A. — CoöojieBCKHH: HecKOJibKo Mbicjiefi o flp.-pyc. jiHTepaType. CII6. 1903.—A. OpjiOB „IlaMaTH CaKyjiHHa", M. 1931, — R. Jagoditsch, Jahr-buecher f. Kultur u. Geschichte der Slaven. NF. XI (1935). — CiaTTi A. HiKOJibCbKoi b 36ipHHKax Ha nomany CoöojieBCbKoro (1925) ra A. Opjioßa (1930). — Ce^eJibHHKOB. S. VIII (1929-30). — JX. ^HjKeBCbKHfi, HSS. II (1954) Ta Festschrift Ha noiuaHy M. Vasmer'a 1955. B. — B. HaroBeu.: Upen. eoaocHfi nenepcKHH. K. 1901 (TaKoat KYH). — H. EpeMHH TO/JPJI V (1947). — H. ECnanoB: CoHHHeHHa. I. CII6. 1904. — IloHOMapeB: IIaMathhkh... I. — TyHnijKHH „B naMHTb cTojieTHH..." II. — BjianHMHpoB: JlmepaTypa KHeBCKoro nepnofla. — JX. HHHieBCbKHÄ: ZfsPh. XXIV (1955), 1. B. — TeKCTii ahb. m« G Ta V. — Hhkojibckhh COPH 82, HOPS 8 (1903), BJI III (1917). — üeTyxoB HOPH 9 (1904), 4. ct. 129 Ta aajii. — Co6o-jieBCKHH HOPH 6 (1901). — Apx. JleoHHa: JKHTHe h iyaeca cb. HHKOJiaa... IiJ\U. 1881. — A. BarpHfi HOPH 19 (1914). r. — r. 4>eflOTOB: CßaTwe flpeBHeä Pycn. X-XVII ct. napnac. 1931. —Russische Heiligenlegenden, bh^. E. Benz. Iliopix. 1953. — H. CepeöpaHC-khh: /IpeBHe-pyccKHe KHaacecKHe JKHraa. M. 1915 (TaKoac HOH/I), — TeKCTH — Bopnc Ta Tniß: JX. AöpaMOBHH: „naiviaTHHKH npeBHe-pyc. jih-TepaTHpti" II. II. 1916. — C. EyrocjiaBCbKHH: naM'aTKH XI-XVIII bb.. npo khh31b Bopnca ra Tjii6a. K. 1928 ra HOPH 29 (1924). — 4>eoAoeiä: HOHTJ; 1858, 1879, 1899. — A. HIaxMaTOB COPH 64 (1899) Ta HOPH 1 (1896). — JX. AöpaMOBHM HOPH 3 (1898). f. — BunaHHa C. HlHMaHOBCKHH, BapiuaBa. 1894. — CiaTTi: A. no-noß RES. 14-15 (1934-52). — y. ByHOBHHU, TOZIPJI X (1954). JX. — BHflaHHa: JlaBp.-jiiTonHC (sajii mp, G). — H. Hbekhh: Kh. Bjiafl. MoHOMax. I. M. 1901. — A. OpjiOB: Bjia^HMnp MoHOMax. 1946. — M. AjieK-cees TOZJPJI II (1935). — Y. BynoBHHu; TO/JPJI X (1954). E. — BHflaHHa: M. BeHeBHTHHOB „npaBocjiaBHMri najiecTHHCKHÜ Cöophhk", 3, 9 (1885). — KoMeHrap: A. C. HopoB: XoacneHHe hi\ /JaHHHJia. Cn6. 1864. — n. 3a6oji0TcKHÖ P3>B. 1899. G. —- BHAaHHa: „JlaBpeHTbeBCKaa jieTonHCb" nCPJI I, Ta OKpeMo Kijit-Ka BHflaHt „noßtcTb BpeMeHHtix jt&tt»" (30KpeMa b 2-x TOMax 1950, ko-MeHTap HecnojierjiHBHH!). — A. HIaxMaTOB: Pa3bicKaHHH o ApeBHeHiroix pyccKHx jieTonHCHbix CBonax. Cn6. 1908. — Bm caMe: noBecTb BpeMeHHtix jiei. I. Cn6. 1916. — BiH caMe b TO/4PJI. IV (1939). — M. npncejiKOB: Hct. pyccKoro jieTonHcaHHa. Cn6. 1940; JleTonHceu; HecTop. 1923. — E. nep-dpeHKHÄ: PyccKHe JieTonncHbie cbohm h hx B3aHMOOTHomeHHH. BpaTHCJia-Ba. 1922. — JX. JlHxaneB: PyccKHe JieTonncH. 1947. — H. EpeMHH: üoBecii» BpeMeHHbix jier. JI. 1947. 2K. — BHflaHHa: Pmöhhkob, FHjibcpepnHHr, OHHyKOB, MapKOB, rpnropb-eß, Bc MHJijiep, TnxoHpaBOB Ta B. Mnjijiep. Orjiaa; hobhx TeKciiß Ilapanni-Hoi b ZfsPh. 16 (1939). /Joöpaä Biiöip TeKcxiß M. CnepaHCKHÄ: PyccKaa ycTHaa cJioBecHOCTb. I-II. M. 1916-19 Ta MUB 1953 fi iH. — flocjiiflÄceHHa — Bc MHJijiep: OnepKH pyccKoä HaponHofi cjioßecHocTH. I.-III. M. 1897-1925. — CKacpTbiMOB: nosTHKa h reHe3Hc öbijihh. M.-CapaTOB. 1924. — R. Trautmann: Die Volksdichtung der Grossrussen. I. Das Heldenlied, raäflejiböepr. 1935. — A. BecejioBCKHH: K)>KHO-pyccKHe 6mjihhm CH6. 1884 (3 COPH 36). 493 — B. Ilponn: PyccrtHH repoHHecKHÖ 3noc. 1955. — CTarri: B. Cokojiob P3>B 1916. — B. flpxo HOPH 1917. — A. JlameHKc „Sertum Bibliologieum" II. 1922. — H. TpyßeiiKoä „Z zagadnien poetyki". VI. BnjibHa. 1937. 3. — TeKCTH: CrpaHHHK 1888. — HOHJI. 14 (1900). — Tökcth Ta no-cjiiffJKeHHH: A. IIonoB: OÖ3op xpoHorpacpOB pyccKOH penaKaHn. I-II. M. 1886. — Hctphh „BH3aHTHHCKHH BpeMeHHHK". 1898. — „PyccKan IIpaBna", SaraTo BHnaHb, Hanp. KapcbKoro, JT. 1930 Ta TpeKOBa 1940. II. JJ(o6a opHaMeHTaJibHoro cthjik> A. — IIop. jiiTepaTypy, HaseAeHy nifl I. B. — CyuiHUbKHH 3HTK. IV. — KajiaäftOBHH: naMaTHHKH pyccKofi. cjioBecHocra XII. b. M. 1821. E. ■— BnflaHHH nponoBineä KnpHjia Typiscbicoro y KajiaänoBHHa, IIo-HoMapeßa. I. — Jlinine BHaaHHH M. CyxoMjiHHOBa: PyKonncn rp. YBapoBa. II. M. 1858. — /JocjiWKeHHH: M. CyxoMjiHHOB: HccjienoBaHna (uht. BHme). — BacHjiHH BHHorpaflOB b ,,B naMHTb cTOJieTHa". II. — H. HHKOJibCKHH: O jiHTepaTypHOH seHTejibHocTH... KjiHMeHia CMOJiJiTHHa. CJJ6. 1892. — E. ne-Tyxo©: CepannoH BjianHMHpcKHH. CII6. 1888. — JJpiÖHiuii tokcth: Bmhkob BJI. Ill (1917). — X. JIonapeB imn 98 (1894). — BjianHMapoB HOHJI. 4. — CoQojieBCKHH HOPJI, 6 (1901) Ta 14 (1915), 1. — M. OöojieHCKHH „KneB-jihhhh" 1855. B. — J\iiB. jiit. nifl B. Ta P. — CepeQpHHCKHH hht. same. —- EpeMHH HOPÜ 30 (1925). — H. Hhkojibckhh HOPH 8 (1903), 1 (No. II). — J\. Hh-jKeBCBKHÄ: ZfsPh. XXIV (1955), 1. r. - TeKCTI JI. ASpaMOBHH b „IlaMHTHHKH CJiaBJIHOpyCCKOH nHCbMeH- hocth", II (1911) a6o „KHGBO-IIeHepcbKHH IlaTepHK". K. 1931. — B. ükob-jreB: /IpeBHHe KHeBCKHe peJinrnosHbie CKa3aHHH. BapinaBa. 1875. — A. UlaxMaTOB: JKMHXI. 1898, 3 Ta HOPH 2 (1897). — ASpaMOBHH HOPH. 6-7, (1901-2). — eflOTOB (itht. nin I. T.). F. -— „HnaibeBCKaji jitTOnncb" onpeMo 1871 Ta IICPJI. II. — A. OpjioB: HOPS. XXXI (1926) Ta TO£PJI V (1947). — PpyineBCbiuiä: 3HTIH. 8, 41, 52. — EpeMHH: TOJXPJl VII (1949). — IIpau,i IlepcpenbKoro Ta ITpHceJiKOBa uht. b II. G. — B. IlainyTo: OnepKH no HCTopan TajiHi^KO-BojibiHCKOH PycH. 1950. — JI. HHHceBCbKHfi: Suedost-Forschungen. XII (1953). 71. — JliT. itHTOBaHa nin I. 6. — BaauiHBe y rpynieBCfeKoro, T. IV. E. — E. BapcoB: Cjiobo... Mil. M. 1887-90 Ta b HHOfl. 1883-9. — B. nepeTn: K H3yaeHHio „CjioBa..." HOPH. 28-30 (1924-6) Ta OKpeMo. JI. 1926. — BiH caMe: Cjiobo... naivr'aTKa cpeoAajibHo'i YicpaiHH-PycH. K. 1926. — CTaTTi B. PjKnra, y. 1926, 4; S. 4 (1925), 6 (1927) Ta 12 (1933). — M. neTepcoH S. 14 (1934). — B. BipnaK: 3HTTII 95-6. — H. Gregoire, R, Jakobson et M. Szeftel: La Geste du Prince Igor. New York. 1948. — R. Jakobson "Speculum" 1952. G. — ZIhb. jiixeparypy no P- JX. 3k. — BnnaHHH H. 3apy6nHa: „IlaMflTHHKH np.-pyc- jiht.", Ill (1932). — JXocmjj,yKenHH TL. MHHnajieB: Mojiemie... KasaHt. 1914. — niypaT, 3HTIII 9. — B. PoManoB: JIiohh h HpaBbi ^peBHefi Pycu. 1947. — I. <3?paHKo, 3H-TIJJ 35-6. — neTyxoB COPH 42 (1887). — IIoHOMapeB, t. III. 3. — Mojihtbh KnpHJia TypißCbKoro „IIpaBocjiaBHbift CoöeceaHHit". 1856. — Kjihm Cmojihthh — ijht. nifl B. npaua HHKOJibCKoro. — IcTopn^Ha jirreparypa — hht. ni^ II. 3 npani. ■—■ ,,TojiKOBaa Ilajiefl" ahb. M. Mh-xaftjiOB e ZfsPh. IV (1927). — BHnaHHH „Tojikoboi Ilajiei": „naJiea Toji-KOBaa". Tpyn. yneHHKOB THxoHpaBOBa. II. 1892. III. JliiepaTypa 14-15 BhciB A. CoSojieBCKHH COPH. 74 (1903). — A. .Suhmhpckhh: rpnropHH UaM-BJiaK. CII6. 1904. — JJ,ocHopivianiii A. — K. XapnaMnoBHH: 3an.-pyc. npaBoejiaBHtie uikojibi. Ka3aHb. 1898. — M. rpynieBCBKHH: KyjibTypHo-Hai^ioHajibHHH pyx Ha YKpaiHi b 16 Ta 17 bb. K. 1912. B. — KyineJieB-Be36opoaKO: IlaMHTHHKH npeBHe-pyccKoii JiHTepaTypM. I-n. CU6. 1860. — CTaTTi G. KapcbKoro b HOPfl. 1897, 4 Ta BYH. 1894, 2 Ta 1898, 2. — A. BecejioBCKHH: H.3 hctophh poMaHa h noBecxn. II. CII6. 1888, — B. THariOK b 3HTIII. 16. B. — II. IIonoB: IIoHaTKH spyKapcTBa y cjiob'hh. K. 1924. — II. Bjia-flHMHpoB: J_T,-p <3>p. CKOpHHa. 1888. — I. OrieHKo: IcTopia yKpai'HCbKoro apy-KapcTsa. I. Jl. 1925. — BiH caMe: Aiioctoji 1574 p. H3 YBAH II (1953). — R. Jakobson: Ivan Fedorov's Primer of 1574. Cambridge, Mass. 1955. — H. EsceeB b ,,XpHcTHaHCKOM HTeiiHH" 1912-13 (npo OcTpo3bKy Bi6jiiio). —- I. OrieHKo: yKp. jiiTep. MOBa 16 ct. I-II. BapmaBa. 1930. — n. HCHTeutKHH HQiPfl X (1905), 4. r. — TeKCTH: IlaMHTHHKH nojieMHHecKOH jiHTepaTypbi", PHB: 4, 7, 19, (1876-1903), I-III. — a103p. I. 7. — „Aktm 3ana«hoh Pocchh", 4. — ,,IIaMflTKH ynp-pyc. mobh i jiiTepaTypn", 5. — JJooniaJKeHHa: K. CTynHHct-khh: IlepecTopora. Jl. 1895. — H. IleTpoB: TKJIA. 1894, 2-4. — K. Ko-nepacHHCMCHg: 3YHT 21 (1926). — I. Tretiak: P. Skarga. KpaiciB. 1912. — lOBijieiiHa KHHra b 300-jiiTHi pokobhhh cMepra Inaria noria. Jl. 1914. — M. Bo3hhk: faaH EopeubKHH. Jl. 1954. I\ — Tboph : KC. 1889, 4 Ta 1890, 6; A03P. I, 7; Aktbi roro-3an. Pocchh, 2; — rojiy6eB: IleTp Morajra. I. 1883. — Monumenta Confraternitatis Stauropig. Leopoliensis. I. Jl. 1895. — Tenep Jiinnie BHaaHHn: H. EpeMHH. M. 1955 (KOMeHTap HeaocTaTHiii). — Jj;ocjiiflJKeHHH: I. paHKo: I. Bh-uieHCbKHH. Jl. 1895. — M. rpyuieBCbKHii b Ict. jiit. V. — D. Cizevsky, Annals 1951, 2. /X — 3. I. AayraJia: 3 SejiapycKara nicbMeHCTBa XVII cxaa. IIpaHbi BeaapycKara JJ[3HpacayHara YHiBepcbiTaTy y MeHCKy, 16 (1927) : tckcth Ta flocaiaiKeHHH. — Aktm K>. h 3. Pyca II (1865), No. 158. 495 E. — A. Co6ojiéBctKHÔ HOHJI. 12 (1898). — C. lUerjiOBa: BnpinH npa3HHHHHi>ie h oÖJiHHHxejibHbie... M. 1913 (nj-jn). — npani IlepeTija — flHB. V. B. — BnnaHHH nyM Yicp. AKaaeMii HayK, Jinnie I tom. — <í>. Ko-jiecca: Ykp. Hapoam ayMH. JI. 1920. Horo jk cxaxxi b 3HTHI. 49, 71-4, 76, 130-2. — ÍKHTeHbKHH n,: Mbicjih o HapoflHbix yKp. nyMax. K. 1893, yKp. nepeKJian K. 1919. — nepeKjiaan hím. nyxoBHHx nicem. HOHJX 1849.. V. B a p o k k o A. Ta B. — JXm. HiDKeBCbKHM: no3a MeacaMH Kpacn. Hbio-HopK. 1952.— Bíh caMe — cxaTii: Apna 4-5 (1947), 3arpaBa 4 (1947). — Bíh caMe: YKpa-íHCbKHH jiÍTepaTypHHä 6apoK. HapHCH. I-III. npara. 1941-4 (TaKoat „npaui ynp. icxop.-cpijioji. TosapHCTBa b npa3Í" III-V). — C. roJiyoes: nerp Mo-THjia. K. I-II. 1883-97. — I. <3?paHKo: KapnaTO-pycbKe nncbMeHCTBo 17-18 bb. JI. 1900. — M. nonoB: 3aMÍTKH ao icxopii yKp. nncbMeHCTBa 17-18 bb. I-III. K. 1823. B. — neperu; B.: Hctophko-jiht. HccjienoBaHHa h MaTepnajibi. I-II.Cn6. 1900. — M. Boshhk: MaiepiajiH no icTopií yKpamcbKoí nicm i Bipnii. I-III. JI. 1913-25. — K). ílBopcbKHä: MaTepnaJibi ^Jia hctophh cTapHHHofi neceH-hoh JiHxepaxypbi. npara. 1934. — B. nepexu,: HccjieapBaHHH h MaxepHaJibi no HCTopHH cTapHHHoä yKp. jiHTeparypbi. JleHHHrpafl. I. 1926, III. 1929. — JX HHJKeBCbKHH: J-Io AJKepeji chmbojiíkh CKOBopo^H. npara. 1931. — CTani: nepeTu, b 3HTIH. 86, 101, ÍKMHn. 1905-7, HOPfl. IV, 3-4; VI, 2; VII, 1; Boshjik: 3HTHI. 108-9, 133; <í>paHKo KCt. 24, 34; 3HTIH. 41, 70, 113, B. TnaTiOK: 3HTHI. 91. — nop. hhcjichhí T6KCTh b KCt. T. — nepeTij: HccjieflOBaHHji h MaxepHajibi... II, 1928. — B. Cpe3HeB-ckhh; „Tpynbi Komhchh XIII apxeoji. Cbe3fla b XapbKoBe" i oKpeMo (1905, KjiHMOBCbKHH). — B. TopjieHKO ^OHJI 6 (1892, I. TopjieHKo). T. — nepera,: HccjieflOBaHHH. I. — BjianHMHpoB: BejíHKoe 3epuajio. M. 1884. — C. nTauiHUKiá: CpeaHeBeKOBhie noBecra... CnS. I. 1897. — CraTxi: M. Iyn3ÍH HOJIH. 23, 2, C. UleB^ieHKo P3>B. 1909, 3-4 xa B. HayjvieHKo b KC. XII, — OnoBiflaHHH n. MornjiH npo nyneea, BunaHi b A103P. I, 7. JS,. — TeKCTH: J4paMa yKpai'HCbKa, bh^. YKp. AKan. HayK (He3aKÍH-neHo) tt. 1, 3-6. — B. PesaHOB: naMHTHHKH pyc. npaiwaTHiecKOH jíHTepa-Typbi. HijKeH. 1907. — B. Ahtohobhh Ta M. JJparoMaHOB: HcTopimecKHe necHH... t, n. („MmrocTb Bojkíh"). — j_Iocjiia}KeHHH: B. Pe3aHoB: H3 hcto-pHH pyccKoft npaMbi. M. 1910, K HcxopHH pyccKoft ^paivibi. HbKeH. 1910. — H. neTpoB: O^epK yKpaHHckoů jíHTepaTypbi 17-18 bb., npeHMymecTBeHHo apaMaranecKoň. K. 1911. — 5i. ropflHHCbKHÔ, 3HTIH. 130-1. — M. Bo3hhk: noiaTKH yKpaiHCbKoi KOMesil. JI- 1920. 2 bh^. H. HopK. 1954. — B. nepera,: „yKpaiHa", 1926, I. — Hlepex HSS 2 (1954). E. — BHnaHHfl: nponoßifli JI. KapnoBH^a ^OHJJ. 1878, 1., M. CMOTpHUb-Koro BHa,. C. MacjiOB, HOHJI. 20, 2-3; ob. JJmhtpo Tynxajio (Poctobckkhh) : TßopeHia, ÔaraTo BHnaHb (3-5 tomíb) ; Ct. ČÍBopcbKHH: nponoBean. I-III. M. 1804-5; npoKonoBHH: CjiOBa h pt^n. Cn6. I-III. 1760-3, T. KoHHCbKHfi: Co-^HHeHia. Cn6. 1835. B opHrmajibHOMy (yKp.) TeKcri BHaaHo nponoBiaH J-Im. PocTOBCbKoro B HMOH 1884, 2; A. Thtob: nponoBenH cb. JJ,hmhtphh... Ha yKp. Haptnin. M. 1909; F. ByjKHHcbKHä: nponoBe^H. IOp'gb. 1901; T. CKOBopofla: CoHHHeHHH., BHß. Barajiia. 1894 xa BoHH-BpyeBHaa (jiHine I-HÍi tom), 1912. — npo öapoKKOBy nponoßiab: M. Neumayr: Die Schrift- 496 predigt im Barok. üanepöopH. 1938. — J. Langsch: Die Predigten... von Simeon Polockij. Jlafinnir 1940. — lipo CTaspoBeubKoro KojiTOHOEcsKa b „JleTonncb B5KK JKeKyjiHHofi". I. K. 1914. — lipo TajinTOBCbKoro: I. Ori-GHKO PB. 1910, 1914; CöopHHK Xapn. hct.-cohji. 06m;ecTBa. 19 (1913), JleTonncb EKaTepHHOcjiaBCKoü Apxhbhoh Komhcchh, 10. — M. MapKOBCb-khh: A. PaflHBHjioBCKHH... K. 1894 Ta KYH. — H. IIIjianKHH: Cb. Rn- MHTPHH POCTOBCKHH... CH6. 1891. - M. IIoiIOB: Cß. ,H,HMHTpHH... M. 1910. — K). CaMapHH: Ct. Hbopckhh h . upoKonoBira, KaK nponoBe^HHKH (Co-HiiHeHHH, T. 5.). — H. Hhctobhh: HeH3,naHHbia nponoBenH Ct. HßopcKoro. M. 1867. — II. Mopo3os: . IIpoKonoBHH KaK nncaTejib. CII6. 1880 (Ta }KMHII). Šerech: Stefan Yavorsky... Slavonie Review (London) 30-74. 1951. e. — BnnaHHa „KaeBcKoa BpeM. Komhcchh a;jia pa36opa n.peBHHx aic-tob": CaMOBH^a. K. 1878, rpaöaHKH. K. 1854, Bejinana. I-IV. K. 1848-54 (Ta I. BHfl. BYAH, K. 1929), „HcTopia Pyciß" b HOH^I. I, 1-4. — Ru. Ro-ponieHKo: OrjiHA yKp. icTopiorpacpii. Ilpara. 1925. — C. HapiHcmrií b „lipani ynp. icT.-dpiji. TOBapHCTBa b IIpa3i", II (1939). — IcTopia Pyciß — yKp. nepeKJia,o; B. TIaBHfleHKa, pejj;. O. OrjioÖJiHHa. H. HopK. 1956. 3K. — TeKcm: IlajiiHOflia b „DľaM. nojieM. jiít." I (PHB); .ZliajiorH IIpoKonoBHHa — II. BepxoBCbKHÜ (ahb. najii) II Ta Mopo30B (hht. b V, E); CKOBopofla — ahb. BHiqe E. — .H.ocjiiflJKeHHa: B. 3aBHTHeBHa: üajiHHOflHa. BapmaBa. 1883. — II. BepxoBCKHŘ: /JyxoBHbiň perjiaMeHT. Poctob. I-II. 1916. — ,11m. HHaceBCbKHH: «rijiococpia t. C. CKOBopoaH. BapmaBa. 1934. — ,a,0Mein>KHH — BHfl,. C. BpaäjioBCbKHH HOPÜ IX (1904), 4. 3. — ^m. HnjKeBCbKHH: «rijiocodpia Ha YKpa'iHi. Cnpoöa icTopiorpacpii. Ilpara. 1926, I aacTHHa, 2 bho;. 1929; bíh caMe HapncH 3 icTopii (pijiococpii Ha yKpami. Ilpara. 1931; bíh caMe: <í>ijiococpÍH F. C. Ckobopooh (hht. nia, 2K.). — C. MacjiOB b MOHJI. 24, 2. — F. <ě>jiopobckhh: Cyflböbi pyccKoro öorocjioBHa. IlapHJK. 1937. — K. XapjiaivtnoBHH: MajiopoccHŘcKoe bjih-aHHe Ha BejiHKopyccKyio uepKOBHyK) HCH3Hb. I. Ka3aHb. 1914. — A. Brueck-ner: Dzieje kultury polskiej. II-III. KpaKÍB. 1931, 2 bha. 1945, nepe^pyK — Paris. 1955-6 (Tysiac lat kultury polskiej, II). — HnaíeBCBKaä: BißjiioTeKa npoKonoBH^a H3 YBAH II (1953). E k c k y P c II. n. 4>e3eHKo: Ukraina latina. Ilpara. 1937. IIop. TaKosc KHHry BpiOK-Hepa, hht. b V. 3. VI Ta VII. 3ara.ibHi TBopn M. rierpoB: OnepKH hctophh yKpaHHCKoií jíHTepaTypbi XDC cTOJieTHa. K. 1884 Ta peueH3Ía Ha ino KHHry b ,,29 othct o npHcyHcneHHH npeMHÔ hměhh rp. YBapoBa", CTop. 37-301 (CII6. 1888) M. ,HaiHKeBHHa. — O. ľpy-meBCbKHŮ: 3 icTopii yKp. jiiTepaTypn. K. 1918. — J\. ^opomeHKO: IIoKa3HHK jiít. yKp. MOBOK) b Pocií 3a pp. 1798-1897 (36íphhk YKp. Yhíb. b IIpa3Í 1925 Ta oKpeMo). — XpecTOMaTia hoboí yKp. jiít. M. IIjieBaKO. I-II. X. 1928. VI. KjiacHini3M A. — M. 3epoB: Hose yKp. nHCbMeHCTso. I. K. 1924. — M. 3epoB: JXo flMcepeji (nepeflpyK). KpaKÍB. 1943. — D. Cizevsky: Outline (hht. BHme). ■— 497 F. Neubert: Der franzoesische Klassizismus und Europa. IUTyrrapT-Eep-jiiH. 1941. B. — M. B os hak : IcTopifl jiiTepaTypH. II, 2. — JJ.M. Hn>KeBCi>khh: YKp. jiiTepaTypHHH 6apoK. Hapnca. III. Ilpara. 1943. B. Ta r. — ,,HpoHKOMiraecKaa noasia", bhh.. B. ToMaineBCbKHÜ. CI16. 1933. — KoTJiapeBCbKHŽ, bh«. GcbpeMOBa. K. 1909, 1918. PoMaHnyna PII. I. — .ZJaniKeBira KCt. 1898, X. — I. 2KHTeu>khh: „Snenna" K-ro. K. 1900 aöo KCt. 1899-1900, ynp. nepeKJiaa 1919. — K. CTynHHCbKHH: KoTjmpeBCbKHä i ApTeMOBCtKHH. JI. 1901. — M. MapKOBCfcKHH: HaöcTapniHH ciihcok EHe-inn... K. 1927 (36YAH. 44). — MysHHKa Hill. 1925, 1-2. — Jensen, 3HTIII 107-8. — yKpalHCbKi nponijie'i. I. KoTJiiipeBmHHa. OaTTH H. AÄ3eH-niTOKa. X. 1928. — II. ILniom, 3anHCKH iHCTHTyry MoB03HaBCTBa AH YCCP, II-V (1946-7). ■— UleBejibOB: TpanHuia i HOßaTopcTBo b JieKcnui i cthjiíc-thuí KoTjiHpeBCbKoro. 3anHCKH XapKÍB. Yhíb. 20 (1940). T. — BH/jaHHH — KoTJiapeBCbKHH ■— AHB- B. — B. Torojib — „OcHOBa" 1862, II. — KßixKa — nijj; JX. — JX Ahtohobhh: TpacTa pokíb yKp. Teaipy. Ilpara, 1925. — PaHHH yKp. apaMa. 36ipHHK. K. 1928, rüp; pen. Ta Í3 CTarreio n. PyjiiHa. K. 1928. — JI. Bijieu,bKHH, 3HTIII 99 Ta 149. — II. üerpeHKo: T. KsirKa, X. 1931. JX, — BHnaHHH TBopiß Kbítkh: ÜOTeÖHi 5 tt. X. 1887-94 Ta ni3Hiuie PII. II, 1-2; K. 1918, tt. 1 Ta 3 (cTaTTH B. BoÄKa), X. 1-2. 1927-8 (cTaTTa A. IHaMpaa). — M. ILneBaKo: O CTHJie h H3MKe noBeexH K-h „Mapyca". X. 1916. — O. <£iHKejib „ILnyr", 1928, XI. — 3epoB JKP. 1928, 12. — O. Kojiecca: PaHHa ynp. noßicTb. Ilpara. 1927 („Yicp. yHiß. b IIpa3i 1921-6" — 3BÍT). — K.. 36ipHHK. X. 1929. E. — B. CinoBCbKHÄ: YicpaiHa b poc. nnctMeHCTBi, I. (pb. nifl VII. B). E K C K y P C IV. Tlpaui uht. BHui,e — m. 3epoßa, o. KojieccH — VI. JI., — F. TyKOBc-khh: PyccKaa jiHTepaTypa 18 b. M. 1939. VII. - POMaHTHKa A. Ta B. — P. Kluckhohn: Das Ideengut der deutschen Romantik. Tajijie 1942, 2. 1954. — A. Beguin: L'äme romantique. Mapcejrt. 1937, 2. BHfl. 1945. — JX. HHJKeBCbKHH, Die Welt der Slaven. I. 1955. B. — HjiHnoBHH y. 1924, 3. — THaTHinaK (Sajinna) HK 1935-6. — JX. "HHJKeBCBKHH: HapHCH 3 iCTOpil CpijIOCOipii Ha yKpa'lHi (UTBT. V, 3), cbí-TOVJlKß, yKp. pOMaHTHKÍB. B. — Ykp. uiKOJia „pociňcbKa" — B. CinoBCbKHfi: YKpaiHa b poc. nHCbMeHCTBi. I. K. 1928 (36YAH, 58), peneH3ÍH B. JJ-cbKoro Hill. 1929, I. — Phjiggb — B. Macjios: JIht. neHTejibHocTk Pmieeßa. K. 1912 Ta KyH. — Comob — JJ,aHijiOB Ta BpafijioBCbKHH PÍHKejib JIA. 1931, 6. — M. Boshhk, 3HTÜI. 1936-7. — lipo KocTOMapoBa — R. JJopo-mernco: K. K. 1920. — B. IlerpoB: K. i Ajima. X. 1928. T. — Tboph UlainKeBHHa Pil, III, 1 Ta JI. 1912 (Bo3Hhk). — ycxHa-hobh^a Pil. III, 2. — BarnjieBHHa Pil. III, 1. — rojioBaubicoro Píl. III, 1. — MorajibHHnbKoro Pn. III, 2. — O. TepjienbKHň JIHB. 1903, 6-12. — K. Ciy-AHHCbKHÔ: TeHe3a noexHHHHx tbopíb M. IüaniKeBima. JI. 1901. — JI. HpeMa: III., HK jiipHHHHH noeT. TepHonijib. 1911. — B. JleB (MoBa) 3HTUI. 161 (Hbio HopK-IIapHJK 1953). —• niaKapnaTxa: B, EipnaK: JlHTepaxypHt CTpeMjrfeHH noAKapnaTcKoi Pycn. yjKropofl. 1921. — K). flBopcbKHÔ b npanax 1-ro KOHrpecy cjiaBicTÍB b Ilpa3i (1925). — lipo J-IyxHOBHHa — I. Co3aHcb-khä 3HTIII. 86. ,ZL — M. Bo3HaK: KHpHjio-MeToaiiBCbKe ÔpaTCTBO. JI. 1921. — J. Go-labek: Bractwo sw. Cyryla i Metodego w Kijowie. BapinaBa. 1935, (Tyt CTapnia jiiiepaTypa). — MiaKOBCbKHH CJI. I Ta II. — HleBHeHKO — bh-aaHHa: BapmaBCbKe 1932 Ta aajii (He3aKÍHMeHe). — Jlaininiť 5 tt. 1918-20. — HHCJieHHi pa^HHCbKi, — n. 3aHneB: }Khtth IHeBHeHKa. H. HopK. 1955. — O. KoHHCbKHÖ: T. III. 1-2. JI. 1898-1901. — M. JJparo&iaHOB: III., yKpaÍHo-(piJiH i coniaJiÍ3M. JI. 1906. — Ctottí b 3ÖipHHKax: Till. K. 1921. — III. Ta äoro aoôa I-II (1928-30 36yAH). — naM'ara Ill-a. K. 1939. — „IHeBneHKo" Pímhhkh YBAH 1-5 (HbK> HopK 1950-5). — CTaTri n. 3aäneBa, JI. ELneub-Koro ň íh. b BapniaBCbKOMy BHnaHHi. — y. 1925, 1-2. — A. Barpiä: HJ. b jíHTepaTypHoii oöcraHOBKe. EaKy. 1925. — Bíh caMe: T. III. 1-2. X. 1930-1. —■ E. HaBponbKHÍí: rafiaaMaKH. K. 1928. — Bíh caMe: IHeBHeHKOBa TBop-nicTb. K. 1931. — O. J-IopoiHKeBHH: ETioan 3 HIeBHeHK03HaBCTBa. X. - K. 1930. — C CMajib-CTon,bKHH: III. iHxepnpeTann. Bapniaßa. 1934. — M. Iii ani HH h : Hl. 1945 xa 1950. — III. i hvjkí jiiTepaTypH: O. KoJiecca. 3H-TIH. 3. — H. TopnHHCbKHH Ta B. Hlypax. 3HTHI. 119-20. — Hl. i Hapo^Híi cjioBecHicTb: «rpamco. 3HTHI. 6, 119-20. — B. neTpoß: EcTeranHa aoktph-Ha HleBHeHKa. ApKa X, 3-4 (1943). E. —- Tboph O. CTopojKeHKa — Pn. — BepjiiH. 1922, 1-2 (He3aKÍHHeHe). K.-X. 1927-8 (cTaTTH A. HlaMpaa). — I. CTemeHKo. 3HTHI. 43. — I. HCHTe-HbKHÔ. KCx. 1905, 9. — Kyjiiiu — BHnaHHa — 5 tomíb K. 1908-10 (He3a-KiHHeHe). — Pn. 6 tomíb (HenoBHe), — EepjiiH. 1-4.1922-3 (HesaKÍneHe). — -* K. 3. tt. 1930 (HesaKiHieHe). — K. 36íphhk. 1927 (36yAH). — B. rierpoB: K. b na^ecaTi poKH. I. K. 1929 (35YAH). — Pen.. B. nepeTna b „HayKO-BOMy 36ipHHKy JIeHÍHrpajj;cbKoro TOBapncTBa", III (35YAH). 1931. ■— B. neTpoB: PoMaHH K-a. K. 1930. — O. JJopouiKeBHH: K. i MHJiopanoBHHiBHa. K. 1927. — JJ>r. HHHíeBCbKHÔ: Hapncn (hht. BHine) Ta „Orient und Occident" 13 (1932). — M. 3epoB: BCTyrma CTaTTa so BHnaHHH „rioe3Íi" n. Kyjiima. K. Ee3 poKy (nepea.pyK JI. 1939). — 3 CTapmoi JiiTepaT.: B. IHeH-poK: K. Eiorp. onepK. K. 1901 (KCx 1900-1). — J\, /JoponieHKO: K., floro 499 jkhtth i jiiT.-rpoMaflCbKa ňifljibHicTB. K. 1918. — O. rpyineBCBKHH JIHB. 1909, 9-12. — UlypaT: <£ijiococpiHHa ocHOBa tbophocth K-a. JI. 1922. G. — Ilaaypa — TBopn PIL I. — B. THaTioK: IL X. 1931. — TpeoiHKa: PIL I, —- A. KynMHHCKHH: 2Kh3hi» h neaTejibHocTb t. K. 1900. — JlecesuH: PyccKaa Mticjib. 1904, 1, 2. — A. Barpifi. JIA. 1931, 1-2. — 3a6ijia — 4>paHKO. JIHB. 1906, 3. — OdanieBCbKHH — THanoK. JIB. 1903, 1-6. — A. IIIaniKeBHq — THaTiOK, 36ipHHK na noinaHy M. TpynieBCbKoro II (1928). 3K. — YKp. jiiTepaTypa Ha hvíkhhí. — B. CinoBCbKHfi (nHB. VII. B.). — Pocíhcbkí nepeKJianH A. Barpifi: III. b pyc. nepeBoaax. BaKy. 1925; — nojibcbKi: II. 3aHH,eB, BapniaecbKe bhh.. IIIeBHeHKa, t. 14; biuihbh b Boji-rapi'i — I. IIlHUiMaHOB: Pojih Yitp. b 6oJir. BiflpoaaceHHi. 1916. — Híjiíh-ripoB 3HTIII. 119-20. — M. MaHnpHKa. 3I4>B. 5. — JL IIIejiynbKO. 3IB. 18 Ta 23; — b CjiOBaHHHHi — Wl. Bobek: Slovensko a slovanstvo. Bpa-TicjiaBa. 1936. — B Hexii — n. EoraubKHa, 1928. — HiMeirtKi 3b'ä3Kh: D. Doroschenko: Ukraine und das Reich. JlaňiiHiť. 1942. EKCKyPC V. Deutsche Vierteljahrschrift fuer Literatur- und Geistesgeschichte. CraTTi: W. Brecht, W. Bietak, P. Kluckhohn, G. Weydt, LX (1931), XII (1934), 13 (1935) — I. IlaHBKeBHH „Ilpaiji yitp. icT.-dpia. TOBapHCTsa b Ilpasi", HI (1941). — lípo HaTypajii3M: B. BaHorpaapB: Toroai. h HaTy-pajibHaa niKOJia. 1925; 3no,a,bi o CTHJie Toroaa. 1926; 9bojik>uhh pyccKoro HaTypaaH3Ma. 1929 (neaKHH Maxepiaji 3 „yiq>. iiikojih" b pociftcbKifi ai-TepaTypi). — D. Cizevsky: Outline, to. 94-97. CKOPOHEHHH HA3B MACOUHCIB, 3EIPHHKIB TA CEPIH Aktm K) h 3 Pycn — Aktbi kwhoh h 3anaaHOH Pycn. a103p — ApxHB k>ro-3anaHHoft Pocchh. EJI — BnSjiHorpacpHHecKaH JIeTonncb. B naM'HTt cTOJieraa — B naMaTb CTOJieTHa Mockobckoh Jlyx. AKaneMHH. M. 1915. BYAH — BceyKpai'HCbKa AKaaeMia HayK. BYH — BapniaBCKHe yHHBepcHTercKHe H3BecTHa. 2KMHn — 2KypHaa MnHHCTepcTBa HaponHoro npocBemeHHH. 3KP — 3Khtth ft PeBOJiiouiH. 36yAH — 36ipHHK yKpaiHcbKoii AKaaeMii HayK. 3I<£B — 3anncKn icTopHHHo-cpijiojioriHHoro Bijmiay Ynp. AKaaeMii HayK. 3HTIII — 3anncKH HayKOBoro ToBapncTBa iM. HleBHeHKa y JIbBOBi. 3HTK a6o 3YHT — 3anncKH YKpaiHCbKoro HayKOBoro ToBapncrBa b KhgbL HAH -— H3BecTHfl no pyccKOMy H3bmy h cjiobcchocth AKaneMHH HayK. HOPS — H3BecTHH OT^eaeHHa pyccicoro fl3tiKa h cjioBecHOCTH AKaaeMHH HayK. KC a6o KCt — KneBCKaa CTapHHa. KYH -— KneBCKHe yHHBepcHTercKHe H3BecrHfl. JIA — JliTeparypHHH ApxiB. JIHB — JlirepaTypHO-HayKOBHH Bichhk. MBII -— Majiaa EndjiHoreKa noaTa. HK —Hania Kyjibxypa. H3 YBAH — HayKOBHH 36ipHHK YKp. BijibHo'i AKaaeaiii HayK y CIHA. HJXH — naMaTHHKH ApeBHeH ITHCbMeHHocTH h HcKyccTBa. IICPJT — nojiHoe CoSpaHHe PyccKHx JleronHceft. PHB — PyccKaa HcTopHHecKaH EHSjinoTeKa. Pn — PycBKa nncbMeHHicTb. PB - PyCCKHH <&HJIOJIOrHHeCKHH BeCTHHK. CAH — C6opHHK no pyccKOMy H3biKy h caoBecHocTH AKaaeMHH HayK. COPH — 06opHHK OxfleaeHHH pyccKoro st3i>iKa h cjiobcchocth AKaneMHH HayK. TKJIA — Tpyflbi KneBCKOH ,HyxoBHOH AKaneMHH. TOJJJPJ1 — Tpyflbi Oxfleaa apeBHe-pyccKoii jiHxeparypbi AKaneMHH HayK CCCP. y — YKpaiHa. YBAH — YKpaiHCbKa BiabHa AKaneMia HayK y CIHA. HOUJX - HTeHHH B MOCKOBCKOM OSmeCTBe HCTOPHH h apeBHOCTeft. HOHJI — HTeHHH b oSmecTBe Hecropa JleronHcna. HHI — HepBOHHfl HIaax. AfsPH — Archiv fuer slavische Philologie. Annals —- The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. 501 HSS —■ Harvard Slavic Studies. RES — Revue des Etudes Slaves. S — Slavia. ZfsPh — Zeitschrift fuer slavische Philologie. CKoponeHHH Micua BH^aHHa K — KhIb; Jl — JIbbíb; M — MocKBa; II a6o CII6 — IleTepSypr; X. — XapKiB. BnnaHHH panaHctKoro nacy, npn hkhx He noaaio míchh bh-naHHa, HOSHaHeHo „MocKBa-JIeHHHrpaa" a6o „rocHsaaT" hh ,,7-Iep)KBHnaB" (6e3 Micua). * 3 orjiany Ha HenpHCTyriHicTb b ueň nac aeaKHx BunaHt Mem npBe-jioca íhohí noflaBaxH jinijie hhcjio TOMy 6e3 pony BHnaHHH a6o pin BHnaHHH 6e3 HHCJia TOMy naconncy hh cepii. BIOrPA^IHHI JJjATH nPO IIHCBMEIIIII1K1B 16-18 bb. BapaHOBHi , JTa3ap: 1620-1693. EepHHfla, ITaMBo: f 1632. ByacHHCbKHH, raBpHiji: f 1731. BejiHHKo, CaMiíijio: f 1728. BejiHHKOBCbKHii, IßaH: f 1726. BejiHHKOBCbKHH, rľaícifi: 1722-1794. BHiiieHCbKHH, IßaH: * Kojio 1550 — f nicjia 1621. TopjieHKO, cb. Ioaeatp: 1708-1754. TpaÖHMKa, TpHropiS: f 1737. rpHropoBH^-BapcbKHH, BacHjii. +1747. TajiJiTOBCbKHH, HoaHÍKÍä: f 1688 (3 1657 p. peKTop KniBCbKoi AKap;eMÍI). ri3ejib, iHHOKeHTiä: f 1683 (3 1656 p. apxHMaHflpHT IleHepcbKo'i JlaBpM). JJjoMenbKHH, TaBpHJio: f nicjia 1708. KoHHCbKHH, Teopriä: 1718-1795. KonHCTeHCBKHÖ, 3axapia: f 1626/7. MaKCHMOBHH, IoaH: f1715. MorHjia, IleTpo: 1596-1647. IIotíh, AflaM-InaTiů: 1541-1613. IIpoKonoBH^, TeocpaH: 1681-1736. PaaHBHJiOBCbKHH, Ahtohíh : f 1688. CKOBopona, rpHropifi: 1722-1794. Cmotphitbkhh, MejieTiä: 1577-1633. CraBpoBei^iKHH, KHpHji-TpaHKBÍJiioH: fnicJiH 1646. ToAopcbKHH, Chmoh: 1701/3-1753. Tynrajio, cb. j^MHTpo: 1651-1709. HßopcbKHH, detpaH: 1655-1722. II O K A 3 H II K IMEH, nOIIHTB TA HA3B TBOPIB Hefi noKa3HHK He e iiobhhm „maeKcoM" ycix míchb, ae 3rajJ,aHo Te a6o ÍHuie ím'h aôo cjiobo. BKa3aHo b HLOMy jiHiue r o ji o b h i mícuh, nepeBajKHO TaKÍ, mO ix He MOHÍHa 3HäHTH 3a nOKa3HHKOM SMÍCTy. 3 aBTopiß Ta TBOpÍB nojnam MaibKe bhkjiiohho yKpamcBKi (Ta 6ÍJiopyci>KÍ); jiHiue HaÄBHS-HaHHiuii nepetcjianem aBTopn Ta TBopn 3ranaHÍ b ubOMy noKa3HHKy. Ha3BH TBopiB noflaHo b jianKax („ "). IIoHHHaioHH 3 16 b. Ha nepnioMV míchí nonaGTbca npisBHme aBTopa (Táno jk i ayxoBHHx oci6), Ha ^pyroaiy xpecHe ím'h (Hanp. cb. JjMHxpa TynTajia xpeôa uiyKaTH nin. racjioM „TynTajio"). ,,AKÍp IIpeMyflpHH" 61-2 Ajiixepauifl 35-8, 127-8, 144-5 AjiBOHia IIonoBHM 125, 246 AMapToji 53-4, 175-6 AHnpejiJi(a) Mnxafijio 307 AH^piä BorojiKiöcbKHM 157-8 „AnoKpH(pH" 49-53, 74, 107, 109-10, 112 AcpaHacbSB - HyjKÔHHcbKHH 391, 479-80 ,,BaĚpoHÍHHa noeMa" — ohb. IIIeB- HeHKO BapaHOBHH JIa3ap 297, 313 „Enjfcojia" 56 BepHH^a IlaMBO 283, 306 „Biöjim" 43-7, 227-9 Bi ji ent kh h -Hoc e hko 349-50, 356, 481 „BororjiacHHK" 258 BoroMHjitcTBo 52, 215 Boähhclkhh 386, 478 BopHc (Ta rjiiô) 51, 81-4, 91-4, 114 BopOBHKOBCbKHH 391, 395-9 Bojih 127-8 ByjKHHCBKHH TaBpHJIO 300 ByMHHCbKHH-HCKOJIba 274 BarHJieBHH iBaH 410-11 „BapjiaaM i Hoacacb" 62-3, 156, 280 BacHjibKO, KHH3b 87-9, 120 BaiiJias HecbKHÔ—hhb. B'HHecjiaB „BejíHKoe 3epiíajio" 278-9 BejíHTOo CaMiôjio 8, 268, 274, 302-4 BejiH^KOBCbKHÔ IßaH 57, 254, 266, 270-2, 303, 311 BHHieHcbKHH IßaH 80, 232-41, 252-3 BipniyBaHHH (ochobh) 64, 243-5, 255-6, 272-3, — hhb. TaKoac IIIeBHeHKo Bobkobhi IoamKiž 283 BojiOAHMHp BejíHKHÍi 51, 75-7, 98-9, 122, 125 Bojixbh 86-7 Bojibra 41, 124-5 BcecjiaB, KHH3b 40-1 B'jľqecjiaB HecbKHii, khhsb 47, 66, 84, 93, 97 „rajiHiĺBKO-BojiHHCBKHH jiiTonac" 59 61, 78, 123 Fapajibn Cmíjihbhh 127 resixasM 215 TjliÖ cb. KHÜ3b — n.hb. BopHc (Ta rjiiô) Torojib BacHjib 360-1 Torojib MHKOJia 9, 290, 389-90 rojioBaTHH Ahtíh 265 rojioBaubKHH Hkíb 386 rojiociHHH 25-7 TopjieHKo, cb. Ioacacp 275-6 Tpa6'aHKa 8, 302, 305, 386 rpeöiHKa 370-1, 390, 476-8 rpHropiä, en. BijiropoflcbKHä 79 505 TpHropiH n,ajvi6jiaK 213 rpHropoBHM-BapcbKHH BacHjib 301 ryjiaK-ApTeMOBCBKHH IleTpo 351-6, 370, 394, TycHTCTBo 216 „ryCTHHCbKHH JiiTonnc" 301 TaBaTOBHH Hkib 289 rajiHTOBCbKHH IoaHiitiii 277, 295 Fi3ejib IhhoKeHTin 158, 304, 307 ^taHHJio IlajioMHHK 109-112 ^aHHjio „3aTo^iHHK" 199-203 JXesrenm 59-61 JUreiric — hhb. JXenremik XtoSpHHH Mhkhthh 41, 125 ^OBrajieBCbKHil MHTpodpaH 289 ^OBroBH^i BacHJib 357-8, 420 AyHafi 179 .ZlyMH 245-6 ,HoMen,bKHH TaBpHjio 307-8 /tyMHTpaniKo 350 ^yxHOBHH OjieKcannep 420-2 £Lk>k OenaHOBHH 63, 178 GpjiHH 8, 264, 268, 305, 313 Enoc 27, 40, 116, 122-30, 178-81 Enoc MHCTenbKHH 273-6, 335-350 flHB. me UlesieHKO, Kyjiini. 3a6ijia 479 3epHiKaB AnaM 306, 316, 319 ,,3jiaTocTpyH" 48 Irop, ^epmriBCbKHH KHH3t 156-7 „I36ophhk 1073 p." 49, 55-6, 65 „I36ophhk 1076 p." 99-103,107 IsocHMa (Chmoh?) 207 IjiapioH MuTponojiHT 73-9 Ijijih Myposenb (MypoMeiib) 40-1, 124, 127 „lHniiicbKe qapcTBo", noBicrb 63 ..InariiBCbKHH JiiTonnc" 163-78, 301 IcaaKift IleiepcbKHH, Hepnenb 84-6, 114 „Icxopia PyciB" 304-5, 324, 331 KBiTKa-OcHOB'aHeHKO 356, 361-70, 372 KeHHiHr 35, 184 „KHlBCbKHH JiiTonnc" 78, 163-71 KanpiaH, mhtpotiojiht 213-4 KHpHjio-MeioaiiBCbKe BpaTCTBo 422-3, 450 Khphjio TypiBCbKHfi 136-46, 155-6, 205-6, 283 Kjihm CMOJiaTHH 57, 58, 146-7, 206-7 KjiHMeHTift, iepoMoHax 266-7, 271 Kjihmob (CbKHH ) , „K03aK" 274-5 ,,KHara o CMepTi" 310 Ko3aHHHCbKHH Maxaibio 286, 313 Ko3Ma iH^HKonjiOB 55 Kohhcbkhh TeopriS 273, 300, 331 KonncTeHCbKHH 3axapia 307 Kopcyn OjieiccaHflep 408-9 KocTOMapoB MHKojia 9, 391, 394-5, 403-8, 423-4 KoTjiapeBCbKHH IsaH 335-49, 350-1, 358-60 Ky3bMeHKo IleTpo 474 Kyjiini IlaHbKo 10, 330, 386, 391, 443-9, 451, 455-70 KynpieHKo XoMa 478 KyxapeHKO Hiub 350, 362 JlameBCbKHfl BapjiaaM 286 JleBHi^bKHH O. 356-7 JlHCHHeUbKHH C. 356 „JIiTonHCH" (30KpeMa t. 3B. „Hec-TopiB") 84, 104, 113-22, 163-78, 218-9, 301 JIoQnceBHM 350 JIochubkhh Mnxafijio 301 Jly^Kaii 358 „JIio6Ka a6o CBaTaHHa b cejii Phx-Max" 362 Masena iBaH 264-5 MaKCHMOBHi IoaH 171-5, 265, 274 MaKCHMOBHM Mnxaftjio 9, 386, 421-2 Majiajia 53, 175-6 MaHacia 54 MapKeBHH MnKOJia 386, 389 MapKo Bobmok 451 „MejieniKa (npoMOBa)" 241-3 MeTJiHHCbKHH AMBpo3ic 9, 386, 394- 5, 399-403, 423 MeTJiHHCbKHH CeMeH 480 MHKOJia cb. 80, 89 Muxafijio IIotok 40, 41, 179 MoBa 65-7, 99, 108-9, 116-7,129, 174, 194, 197, 255 506 MorHjia rieTpo 253, 277-8, 295 Moficefi, BH3y6ei;bKHH iryMeH 148-9 MoKpiGBHH CeMeH 274 „Mojieme AaHHijia" 43, 199-203 „Mojihtbh" 71, 77, 107, 130, 205-6 MoHOMaX BojIOHHMHp, KHfl3b 103-9, 125-6, 130-2 MopaHeBCbKHH IlHjiHn 481 MopaoBeiib (MopaoBueß) /Jamuio 391 HaBpoubKHH OjieKcaH^ep 449-50 HapijKHHH BacHjib 372 HeKpauieBHi IßaH 289, 334 HecTip „JTiTonHceirb" 90-8, 117, 119-20 HHKHdpop MHTpOnOJIHT 131-2 Hhkoh ilenepcbKHH iryMeH 118 Homhc 386 0>KHflOBÍJlÍ 216-7 Ojier, KHH3B 31-2, 36, 124-5 „OjieKcaHApia" 58-9, 226 Ojibra cb., KHHrHHH 35, 98-9, 124-5 206 Ilanypa Thmko (XoMa) 474-6 „üaTepHK ITeiepebKHH" 81, 84, 158-163 „IlaTepHKH" 46-7, 57 „IlepecTopora" 231 LTeTpeHKo M. 409 ÜHcapeBCbKHH IleTpo 356 ÜHcapeBCbKHH CTenaH 356, 362 IIOKaflHHimTBO 215-6 IIojiiKapn IleMepcbKHH, nepHeijb 158-63 ilojiidpeM 39 IIOJIOUbKHH CHMeOH 312 IIotíh InaTÍH 231-2 IIotok Mnxafijio — nHB. Mnxafljio IIotok „üoxBajia CB. KjiHMeHTOBi" 149-50 npHCJiiB'ji 27-9, 35, 56-7, 61-2, 103, 115, 119, 295-7 ripoKoooBH*i TeodpaH 286-8, 292, 299-300, 306, 309, 311, 313, 319 „npojior" 46, 67, 89 Uy3HHa K. 356 PaAHBHJIOBCbKHH Ahtohíh 295-7 „PHMCbKi icTopil" 278-9 PoMaH raJIHIĺbKHH, KHH3b 180, 181 PyflHKOBCbKHH 356 „PycbKa IlpaBna" 132 Carn (b JiÍTonHci) 31-35 CaKOBHH KaciaH 78, 307 CaMOBHaeub 8, 302, 386 CacboHOBH«! 304 Cbhtoiiojik „OKaHHHHH" 82-4, 92 CepanioH BojionHMHpctKKH 150-4 CnjibBecTep BHflvSeubKHH, iryMeH 113, 120 Chmoh, enncKon 158-163, 207 CnHKeji Teo prifl 54 „CHHoncHc" 304 CuoBopoaa 55, 57, 253, 25S, 261-2, 264, 267-8, 272-3, 276, 300-1, 308-9, 311, 316, 31&-20, 360, 385 CKopHHa ^paHqiuieK 44, 123 „Cjiobo AaaMa bo ani ko JIa3apio" 203-4 „Cjiobo o nojiKy Iropeßi" 51, 61, 123, 127-8, 169, 181-198 „Cjiobo npo khh3íb" 147-8 Cmotphiji>khh TepacHM 230, 243 CMOTpimbKHÄ Meaerifi 253, 294-4, 306-7, 316 CojioBefi EynHMHpoBHi 124, 127 Comob OpecT 389 CTaBpOBeUbKHH KapHjio-TpaHKBiJiioH 253, 284, 294, 307, 311 „CTecpamT xa IxmjiaT" 62 CTopoJKeHKO OjieKca 391, 470-4 TaTapcbKa HaBajia 180, 198-9 ToAopcbKHÖ Chmoh 300, 314 „TojiKOBaa ilajien" 208 Tonojia KnpHJio 362 „TpoHHCbKa icTopifl" 59, 226 TyUTajIO, cb. A^HTpo PoCTOBCbKHH 8, 266, 269, 271, 277, 284-5, 288, 292, 297-8, 311 yCTHHHOBHM MuKOJia 415-9 «refloc TpeK 208 «reonpciä CB. ITeHepcbKHO 71-3, 81, 94-8, 109, 114 507 «rHjiHnOBHn AiaHaciä 301 „í>Í3Íojior" 55, 107 <£jiaBÍH HocHdp 54, 175-6 XopoßocK Teopriä 55-6 XpncTOJiioßeiib (-ni) 79 „XpoHorpacpH" 58-9, 132, 207-8 „HeTbi - Mine!" 45-6, 277 HyjKÖHHCBKHÜ-flHB. AcbanacbeB Hypajio 63, 124, 179 mauiKeBHi MapKHÄH 410-5 LIIeBHGHKo 272,-3, 364, 387, 408-11, 424-43, 452-4, 482, 485-7 „IIIecTosHeBH" 54-5, 65, 74,107 mnmaubKHH-IjijiiH 478 IIInHroiĺbKHH OnaHac 409-10 mep6au,bKHH THMoepiä 286 lOpiä 3apy6cbKHÔ 148 KDpiň CB. 106, 128 HßOpcbKHH CTe(paH, 294, 297-9, 311, 319 HpocJiaB MyflpHH, KHHSb 33-5, 54-5, 76, 82-3, 107, 114, 128 3 M I C T Ct. B c t y n................ 7 JJoicTopiiHHa np6a A. JX^epeaa............... 23 B. dapa Hapoaiia cjiOBecmcTb.......... 24 B. CKaHfliHascbKi ejieMeHTH........... 31 T. iHnoeBponeäcbKi peuiTKH........... 38 EKCKyPC I. — IlepeiíJianaHa Ta no3iiHeHa JiiTepaTypa A. 3arajifcHi 3ayBarH............. 42 B. EorocjiyaceÔHa jrtiepaTypa.......... 43 B. PejiiriÔHa JiiTepaTypa: a) IIpaBOBipHa............ 43 6) AnoKpníhH............ 49 T. JiiTepaTypa CBÍTCBKa: a) HayKOBa............. 53 6) rioBicrapcTBo............ 58 T. Bipmi................ 64 JX JJ^Hcepejia nepeKJiaaHOÍ Ta no3HHeHoí JiiTepaTypn..... 65 I. JJoóa MOHy>ieHTajiBHoro cthjtio (KiiiBCWca JJepacaBa) A. XapaKTepncTHKa............. 68 B. nponOBijJHHUTBO............. 71 B. IIOBÍCTHpCTBO.............. 81 r. acHTia............... 90 T. „I360PHHK" 1076 pony........... 99 JX BoJIOflHMHp MoHOMax............ 103 E. J4aHHJio IlajiOMHHK............ 109 G. JliTonHc............... 113 M. Enoc................ 122 3. JiiTepaTypa npaKTHHHoro npH3HaneHHÄ....... 130 II. JJ,o6a opHameHTajibHoro crajno A. XapaKTepncTHKa ............ 134 B. IIponOBiflHHUTBO............. 136 B. OnoBiflaHHa.............. 155 509 Ct. T. KHGBo-rieHepcbKHH narepHK . . ... . . . . .158 T. JBtoiihch .............. 163 JJ,, Enoc................ 178 E. Cjiobo o IIojiKy IropeßiM........... 181 G. TaiapcbKa Hasajia............ 198 }K. JXbs. TBOpH cyMHiBHoro noxonJKeHHH........ 199 3. JliTepaTypa npaKTHHHoro iipH3HaHeHHH....... 205 H. 3HaieHHa jrirepaTypn cTapoKHa3ÍBCbKoi apÔH...... 208 III. JliTepaTypa 14-15 bíkíb 212 IV. PenecaHc Ta peopMauia A. PeHecaHc Ta pedpopaiania b jiireparypi........ 220 B. IIoBicTb............... 225 B. CßHTe nHCBMo.............. 227 T. IIoJieMiHHa JliTepaTypa........... 229 P. IßaH BHineHCbKHH............. 232 &. Carapa............... 241 E. BipniyBaHHa.............. 243 G. IcTopn^iHe Miene JliTepaTypa 16 ctojiítth....... 247 V. E a p o k k o A. Ujo Tane jiiTepaTypHe ÔapoKKo......... 248 B. JiiTepaTypHe öapoKKO Ha YicpaiHi......... 251 B. BipuioBaHa noe3Ía............. 255 T. Enoc................ 273 T. noßicTb............... 276 JX. Tearp............... 283 E. nponoBink.............. 293 G. IcTopHHHa JliTepaTypa............ 301 3K. TpaKTaT............... 306 3. yicpamcbKa ôapoKKOBa JliTepaTypa Ha tjií JiiTepaTypH cbítoboi . . 310 EKCKYPC II. — JliTepaTypa JiarmicbKOio moboio 318 EKCKyPC III. — JliTeparypa HauioHaJibHoro Biapo^sKeHHH 321 VI. ICijicmaiiivr A. JliTepaTypHHH KJiacHnH3M.......... 325 B. IIoHaTKH............... 331 B. repoiHHo-KOMÍHHa noeMa........... 335 P. BipmoBa noe3ia............. 350 P. JJpaMaTHHHa jiiTepaiypa........... 358 JX. nposa...............362 E. XapaKTep i 3Ha^eHHa yicpaiHCbKoro JiiTepaTypHoro KJiacHirH3My . 371 510 Ct. EKCKyPC IV. — yKpaiHCbKHH ceHTHMeirrajiÍ3M 374 VII. PoMaHTHKa A. JliTeparypHa poMaHTHKa........... 376 B. YKpaiHCbKa poMaHTHKa........... 383 B. „yKpaiHcfeKi uikojih" b *íy>KHx poMaHTHHHHx jiiTepaTypax . . . 388 T. XapmBCbKa poMaHTHKa........... 393 F. 3axi^Ha YKpaiHa............. 410 JX- KHÍBCbKa poMaHTHKa............ 421 E. IlÍ3Ha poMaHTHKa............. 450 G. Ihhií noeTH yKpaiHCbKOi poMaHTHKH........ 474 )K. 3HaneHHa yKpaiHCbKOi poMaHTHKH......... 481 EKCKyPC V. — „Bi^epMaep" Ta „HaTypaJibHa imcoJia" Ha YicpaiHi 488 IIoKajKHHK jiirepaxypH............ 491 Eiorpadphrni nara npo HHCbMeHHHKiß 16-18 bb....... 502 ÍIOKaSHHK ÍMeH i Ha3B............ 505