Hispanic communities in the USA



Spanish in the  USA and its speakers
´Spanish – despective
´Latino – cultural connotations
´
´Hispanic:
´official term;
´from a Spanish speaking country
´no racial connotations
´

Hispanics in USA



Hispanic communities in the history of the USA
´1528: Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
´1597: Juan de Oñate
´1706: San Francisco de Alburquerque
´New settlements
Expediciones

Hispanic communities in the history of the USA
´Loanwords from Spanish in indigenous languages
´Spanish: lingua franca?
´Toponyms (Sierra Blanca, Santa Rita, Las Cruces,…)
´Texas/Louisiana: Los Adaes
´Louisiana: San Bernard (los isleños)
´Ethnicity
´Socioeconomic status
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Hispanic communities in the history of the USA
´1835-1846: República de Texas ´1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ´Consolidation of three main
groups of Hispanics: locals, immigrants, refugees ´1912: New Mexico and Arizona - union states
´

Variants of Spanish in the USA
´Regional variants
´Social variants
´Sociolinguistic patterns
´Reinterpretation (identity value)
´

Spanish in the USA / USA Spanish
´Loanwords (“tiene el pelo straight”)
´Hybrid forms (calendador ‘calendario’)
´Calques (fuerza policía ‘police force’)
´Semantic extensions (qué tiempo es ‘qué hora es’)
´Grammatic calques (qué es tu nombre? ‘cómo te llamas’)
´Code-switching (why make Carol sentarse atrás pa que everybody has to move pa que se salga? )
´Spanglish
´
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Spanish in the USA / USA Spanish
´Patrimonial (New Mexico)
´Patrimonial (nearly)
´Heritage 1
´Heritage 2
´Heritage 3
´Heritage 4
´Heritage 5
´Spanglish (theory)
´Spanglish (practice)