IX. Etruscan and Roman Art The Material Cultures of the Ancient Italic Peninsula, Between Local and Global DU1701 Periods of Art History I Adrien Palladino, M.A., Ph.D. 450842@mail.muni.cz Capestrano warrior (L’Aquila), from a necropolis, 5th-4th century BCE, ceramic, H: 2,09 m Chieti, Museo nazionale Fragment of a head and complete stele, 7th-6th century BCE, from Siponte and Cupola-Beccarini / Manfredonia, Museo Nazionale Archeologico Tomba del Tuffatore (Tomb of the Diver), fresco, ca. 470 BCE Museo Nazionale, Paestum Terracotta head of a woman, c. 525–500 BCE / New York, Metropolitan Museum Bronze statuette of a woman, late 6th century BCE New York, Metropolitan Museum Sarcophagus of the Spouses, late 6th century BCE, terracotta, with traces of polychromy Rome, Villa Giulia, Museo Nazionale Etrusco Sarcophagus of the Spouses, late 6th century BCE Louvre, Paris Tomb of the Triclinium, Necropoli dei Monterozzi (Tarquinia) c. 470 BCE Carved amber piece of a fibula, c. 500 BCE Metropolitan Museum, New York Pyxis with sphinx-shaped lid, c. 650–625 BCE, ivory, 14,1 x 10,5 x 10,4 cm Walters Art Museum, Baltimore Situla of the Pania, from the Pania tomb, chiusi, ivory, ca. 580-550 BCE, H: 22 cm Florence, Museo archologico Cinerary urn, end of the 2nd, early 1st century BCE, alabaster, production of Volterra, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Vatican Cinerary urn of Thana Vipinei Ranazunia, 2nd century BCE, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum, New York Mars of Todi, late 5th – early 4th century BCE, found at Todi, votive offering? Museo Etrusco Gregoriano, Vatican Chimera of Arezzo, probably part of a larger bronze ensemble (fight of Bellerophon with the Chimera?), votive offering?, 78,5 x 129 cm, c. 400 BCE Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence 21 April 753 BCE: Mythical Foundation Date of Rome 509 BCE: Expulsion of the last king of the gens Tarquinia, kings of Etruscan Origins, Tarquinius Superbus Panel from an altar dedicated Mars andVenus. marble, end of the reign of Trajan (98-117AD), from Ostia / Rome, Palazzo Massimo alleTerme Aeneas escaping Troy, carrying his father Anchises and leading his son Ascanius (Iulius), terracotta, 1st century CE, from Pompeii Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Publius Vergilius Maro (c. 70–19 BCE) composing the Aeneid (29–19 BCE) surrounded by the Muses Clio and Melpomene, mosaic, 3rd century CE, Hadrumetum (Sousse, Tunisia) Tunis, Bardo Museum The Roman Republic Vast expansion of the Roman domination Assimilation, adaptation, or rejection of local and global material cultures Capitoline Brutus, part of a bronze honorific statue, around 300 BC / Rome, Musei Capitolini L’arringatore, bronze statue of a politician from Perusium (Perugia), first quarter of the first century BC / Florence, Museo archeologico Bronze bust of Scipio the African (Africanus), mid 1st century BCE, from the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum / Naples, Museo Archeologico Head of old man, marble, mid-1st century BCE / Rome, Musei Vaticani So-called Patrizio Torlonia, sometimes believed to be Cato the Elder, marble, 1st century AD copy of an original of 80-70 BC / Rome, Collezione Torlonia Verism Veristic portraiture Imperial Rome 27 BC, first princeps, or imperator, Gaius Octavianus, known as Augustus (r. 27 BC – 14 AD) First period: pax romana, with a series of great emperors like Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian etc… from Augustus to Severus (193–211) Roman visual language, with the figure of the emperor become a major theme Augustus Prima Porta, marble, heighth: 2,08 m, 1000 kg, later than 20 BC, probably between 15– 29 AD / Vatican, Musei Vaticani Augustus portrait of the Prima Porta type, early 1st century AD / Paris, Musée du Louvre Doryphoros (Spear bearer), copy of a greek original, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum, original c. 450–440 BC, ca. mid 1st c. BC to 79 AD (Roman copy) / Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Doryphoros, 120–50 BC?, mi-Augustean period? (Roman copy) /Minneapolis Institute of Art Caelus Sol Tellus (Terra Mater) Diana Restitution of the Roman eagle by the Parthian king to a Roman figure Apollo Aurora and Luna? Pax Romana? Female personification: Germania?Female personification: which province? Gemma Augustea, 9–12 AD, 19 x 23 cm, sardonyx / setting with gold and gilded silver: 17th century, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien, Inv.-Nr. IXa 79 Augustus as Jupiter, Roman marble, c. 1st century AD Sculpture of Jupiter Tonans (Thundering Jupiter/Jove), reflection of the statue venerated in the Temple of Jupiter Tonans, vowed in 26 BC by Augustus, 1st century AD copy / Madrid, Museo del Prado Jupiter/Zeus of Otricoli, roman copy of an original from the 4th century BC (?) / Vatican Museums, Pio Clementino, Inv. 257 Temple of Gaius and Lucius Cesar (grandsons of Augustus), Maison carrée, Nîmes, c. 2 AD Parthenon, 447–432 BC Sculpted relief depicting a pediment with the sacred Capitoline triad: Jupiter (center), Juno (left), and Minerva (right). Castor and Pollux at the edges (Dioscuri). Museo Nazionale, Rome (collections of the Università di Roma), 2nd century CE Capitoline Triad, c. 160–180 AD / Guidonia Montecelio, Museo Civico Archeologico Cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale, ca. 50–40 BCE Metropolitan Museum, New York