LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to 1. Locate major Chinese cities, provinces, and rivers on the map; 2. Give a brief introduction to the geographic features of China; 3. Compare some basic geographic aspects of China and the United States; 4. Describe features that may attract you to or deter you from visiting a tourist site; 5. Plan a trip to China. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— • Can you name the major rivers and mountain ranges in your country? • Do you know where your country's major cities are located, along the coasts or mostly inland? • Can you give an account of the population and geographic location of your town/city? • Do people consider your local town/city to be popular with tourists? 3 26 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Before You Study Check the statements that apply to you. Q 1.1 know my country's geography well. [J 2.1 know China's geography well. When You Study Listen to the audio recording and scan the text. Ask yourself the following questions before you begin a close reading of the text. 1 .When will this trip take place? LANGUAGE NOTES O $Mt and ^i^/^.^ are more or less synonymous, Itt/ltjr means to wander, so ifcis£/5J*.^ specifically implies traveling for pleasure. To travel for business is Jl (chu chai). W-nT by itself Lesson 10- fffl&&jfMik& 327 -\ HI 3.1 know which parts of China I would like to visit. f~| 4.1 am good at budgeting and setting up an itinerary for a trip. 2. What will be their first stop in China? 3. What are the two main factors determining their travel itinerary? doesn't state the purpose of travel. However, "travel agency" is always ^-fr^A. Tourists are $L'M-/ J^rjfp. or ^Tti^-/^^^- (guanguangke) in Taiwan, where ^^LffflL^L means "sightseeing." 328 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook $.§; , INI? fit, M^kM^n, TA#*«! LANGUAGE NOTES © is a collective noun. It refers to rivers in general or all the rivers within a geographic area. refers to a specific river or several rivers. Lesson 10- f fáitiMJŤ Rjfeff 329 330 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook LANGUAGE NOTES © is latitude; longitude is Ml/^i. 0 Whereas "the Southwest of China" or "southwest of China" Lesson 10- f SI J*,Jif/t SifcSR 331 ifJUs ^aiis, can refer to an area either within or outside China, f tiltf/ty IS ^ & pM?5 (the southwestern part of China) always refers to the southwestern region within China. 332 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook BUtW: fr * fr -fr, $l#f ° After You Study Challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese. 1. Name the two major rivers in China. 2. Identify in general terms where the major mountain ranges and plateaus in China are located. 9 mm 0 mffiwm m •TV o ige • MB This is the legend from a Chinese city map. Can you recognize some of the terms? LANGUAGE NOTES means "ethnic minority," literally, "minority nationality." Lesson 10- f SÜ&^/f %lkM 333 fr. fr, fr, »Jt-f ° 3. Name some of the geographical similarities that China and the United States share. 4. Name the places that Lisa and Tianming will visit on their trip. ■ A 0 mmst AA/VWVWVvVX -KM 7k ä S&rJT, #, gi&ES , I. wmm II I I Hü «sä, »«a*jii mm ^> »» K; „ >- - - * 13. & 14. r^rj JR.* Jti n diir jiaxiang n luxian n yanjiu liaojie geography hometown n route; itinerary v/n to study; to look into; research v to understand; to know about; to be informed bTngdeng n huoche n chuan a fengjTng n heliu n daduo adv gaoyuan n shan er n COIl] ice lantern train boat; ship scenic landscape; scenery river mostly; for the most part plateau mountain; hill (conjunction to connect two clauses) [See Grammar 2.] 15. pingyuan n plain 16. hai n sea; ocean 17. renkou n population 18. £.* zhuyao adj main; principal 19. jizhong V to concentrate; to be concentrated 20. yanhai n along the coast 21. yidai n the area around a particular place; the neighboring area 336 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook 22. shamo n 23. tits ziran n/adj 24. tiaojian n 25. dixing n 26. weidu n 27. jiejin V 28. mianjT n 29. * bei m 30. guo jie vo 31. luyou v/n 32. jlngdian n 33. daochu adv 34. ren shan ren hai 35. # J' adj/v 36. duan adj 37. 4 sheng n 38. bu 39. siji ru chun 40. shaoshu n 41. Rife minzu n Proper Nouns 42. NanjTng desert nature; natural condition; requirement terrain; topography latitude to be close to area (measure word for times by which something is multiplied) to celebrate a holiday to travel; travel scenic spot; tourist spot all around; all over huge crowds of people province part; section spring-like all year around small number; few; minority ethnic group; people; nationality Nanjing Lesson 10- t SUfc«£/t 337 43. *JHf $ Ha'erbTn Harbin 44, Xinjiang Xinjiang 45. Chang Jiang the Yangtze River 46. Huang He the Yellow River 47. TianjTn Tianjin 48. r Guangzhou Guangzhou 49. Shenzhen Shenzhen 50. Yunnan Yunnan 338 Integrated Chinese ■ Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Lesson 10- tS*S/tSA« 339 Culture Highlights Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, which borders Russia. The city is well known for its long winters and historic Russian-style architecture. Since 1963, Harbin has hosted an annual ice and snow festival which draws many tourists from near and far. The festival includes an ice sculpting contest and numerous colorful ice lanterns. © © The Yellow River is historically considered the cradle of Chinese civilization. Its middle reach is heavily silted with loess soil from the Yellow Earth Plateau, which elevates the riverbed far above ground. The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world. It is the W~W lp[ I traditional dividing line between the North and ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ the South in China. Some of the most agriculturally productive land is found along the middle and lower parts of the river; these areas also include many of the country's most important cities such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shanghai. The Three Gorges Dam, one of the world's largest, is near Chongqing. (xuediao, snow sculpture) (xuediao, snow sculpture) Part of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Yunnan. Much of Yunnan is mountainous. Its climate varies from temperate to tropical. The rugged terrain and varied climate support a wide range of fauna and flora. Yunnan is what some scientists call an eco- or biodiversity hotspot. An estimated fifteen thousand plant species and almost half of China's birds and mammals are found in Yunnan. 340 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook © There are fifty-six officially recognized nationalities in China. According to the Chinese National Statistics Bureau, as of November 2005, Han Chinese make up 90.56 percent of the total population. The Yunnan province is home to twenty-five distinct ethnic minorities, making it one of the country's most culturally diverse regions. ft 4HHfc&t jfcJMJ ?9 (Yuänyäng tTtiän) A'AiA^-S TCiPB^W (Yuänyäng tTtiän) Lesson 10- 18 H *kE 341 © The People's Republic of China is officially divided into twenty-three provinces (, sheng), five autonomous regions { i] Vc? HI / IS., zizhiqu), four provincial level municipalities ixiashi), and two special administrative regions , tebie xingzhengqu). The four provincial level municipalities are Beijing (4bTJC^f7), Tianjin (^^"^), Shanghai {JtSj^) and Chongqing CiML^/^jk^, Chongqlngshl). 4 : ^ jb^^J$H®7Jl"$k: (Niaochao) ■» 7JC^^T (ShuTlifang) $S#l§i§4k#f&: A^l (NiaochaoK 7jCi-^* (ShuTlifang) J-H^.^ (Pudong) Jl^Dt^ (Pudong) 342 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Grammar 1»&4^^M^ Indicating the Beginning of an Action can signify an action that starts to take place. O BtASJ^A—JttH^ffl, #f&T?fe4 mtwAi, ^Tfe* (Zhang Tianming took out a map of China and started studying it.) (After listening to what she said, everybody began to laugh.) (How come you started crying?) (After dinner he had a free moment, so he began to flip through some magazines.) When there is an object, it must be placed between and Ipt/ir*- as in 0. ^-4^. can also be used after adjectives to indicate the start and continuation of a state: (It's June now. The weather is starting to get hot.) (It's the weekend today. There are beginning to be more people in the shopping centers.) Lesson 10- tl*ff/tS*S 343 (He walked into the room and turned on the light. The room brightened up instantly.) fe^/fe^is often used with adjectives such as 7C, etc., while T ^/T is often used with # (an), 'J"% #», !>\ 'If., and M. (Just now he was driving very fast. After he got into the city, he began to slow down.) (The light in the room started to dim slowly.) and other seasonal weather changes can also be expressed with r—'--~^ 2. Conjunction Uri \__,__j rH7 is used to connect two clauses that represent the different or contrasting characteristics or situations, often in literary language. (In the western part of China there are plateaus. There you'll find the world's tallest mountain. In the eastern part of China, on the other hand, there are plains and oceans.) (Xiao Lin plans to go back to China to work, not to stay in the United States.) 344 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook (I want to work at the school library, but my roommate wants to work off campus.) (My older brother has already gotten his master's degree. I, on the other hand, have just graduated from high school.) 3.|t Adj ^i&T /Jl Adj >£i±7 V____-__.___J means /JL (none can surpass). It is a rather strong expression, e.g., (Nothing would be a better gift for her birthday than flowers.) (This book's presentation of the world economy surpasses all others in its clarity.) (No internship is more appropriate for chemistry majors than this one.) Lesson 10- t 345 c-^ 4. Indicating Experience V_____—___* To indicate that someone has had the experience of doing something, we use the dynamic particle ill/i£. It differs from T in two ways: A. T is descriptive in nature and is used to relate the occurrence of an action. o 4##*T^ts* iMbfrff r^mn, (Last year I went to China to intern in Beijing for three months. I came back without going anywhere else.) (The following morning I got up really early. After I got up, I went jogging at the athletic field.) (The guests walked in, found their seats, and sat down.) ii is explanatory in nature. It is used to explain the reasoning for the following statement. In other words, the emphasis is on the impact a past action has had on the present situation: (We used to study English together. I know his English is very good.) (Because we studied English together, I know his English is very good.] 346 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (You've been to China. Give us some tips on where some of the best places to go are.) [Because you've been to China, you can give us some tips on where some of the best places to go are.] (Yunnan has plenty of tourist sites, and the cultures of the minority ethnic groups are also intriguing. It's a good place to visit.) (He's been studying Chinese for several years. He can even understand Chinese newspapers and magazines.) [Because he's been studying Chinese for several years, he can understand Chinese newspapers and magazines. | In the sentences above, the clauses containing l^l/li all serve as explanatory background to the clauses that follow, indicates the impact or influence of a past action on the present. B. T generally requires a specific rime phrase, unless the sentence forms part of an extended narrative in which the temporal background has already been stated or is implicitly understood as in © above; i§Vii does not. When we use ii, the time implied is often rather vague: "before," or "in the past." Only when we want to be more precise do wc use a time phrase. Note that when ill/is used in the experiential sense, it usually cannot be followed by T , ©A: &ft*M*Sfc*i&*]tf8fc, AM^I (I heard that you have never been abroad. Is that true?) Lesson 10- 347 b: 0mm mm? **4*itEi^ ° (Who said that? I went to Japan last year.) fe'l'] (XThü) Words & Phrases A. fa T T (in order to) and @ Jb/ B Ä (because) denotes purpose; denotes cause. (In order to improve my Chinese, I'm going to study abroad in China next year.) (Because the conditions in China are even better for learning Chinese, I'm going to China to study next year.) 348 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (In order to solve the problem of school tuition, he works part time.) (Because he has to pay for school tuition, he works part time.) (Because this school is very famous, I'm going to apply to it.) (I'm applying to this school so that I can be with my girlfriend.) B. — T Ť (in an instant) " r ~4 is equivalent to — ~F. It means "not much time has gone by," and it's often used to depict how fast or soon actions or things happen. # - T Ť * * A ii * £ )J ft A i& i ? (All of a sudden, you want to go from the south to the northernmost part?) (T found the store you mentioned right away. It wasn't difficult to find.) (He went through the allowance that his mother had given him in no time.) LessonlO- t@JfeS/tSJfcffi 349 ----■--\ C;t^ (mostly) '----/ is an adverb meaning "for the most part" or "mostly." It cannot be used before nouns. *,* * t*f W # & £ ft* , A* jfr Jt 41A (Most of our classmates live in the school dorms. Almost none of us have a boyfriend or girlfriend.) (My younger brother said the names of most of the big mountains and rivers of America incorrectly.) 7 0 (I'm familiar with most of our school's professors' research. You don't need to go online to find out.) D. vJh (indicating a pause in speech) v._-___) This particle occurs after a subject or topic and is followed by a pause in speech. It usually appears in enumerative sentences suggesting contrast: O A: #f1*«W*#*! (What do you plan to do over the winter break?) 350 Integrated Chinese ■ Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook It*, 'hi,*, *W*#*tir^, 'J^JHSfc (T'm going home. Little Zhang, on the other hand, has to stay at school and work. I don't know what Little Li will do.) (What'll he a good major to choose? I haven't figured it out. Studying medicine, on the one hand, is boring. I'm worried that if I study literature, on the other hand, I won't be able to find a job.) ft**, i^ft^#i, (You put it correctly. China's population is concentrated along the coast. As for the Southwest, there are numerous big mountains and plateaus. The Northwest, on the other hand, has many deserts with unfavorable natural conditions. That's why the population there is relatively sparse.) Lesson 10« fffll&3&/fmfeM 351 Language Practice A. Know Your Chinese Provinces? \_.__J 1. Refer to a map of China to locate the following provinces: A province of your choice Work with a partner and describe to each other where these provinces are located in China. _$L t @ #J_# ° _>fc t H W_# ° 352 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook B. From the North to the South Refer to a map of China to find the following eight cities, and one additional city of your choice. WM Art Your choice_ Then list them according to their latitude with the furthest north as #1: 7. Work with a partner, and answer the following question: A:_ _ Lesson 10- + H3k0jf8l£M. 353 C. Geography Buff V_____J 1 .Work with a partner and locate }5- and "ftffi on a map of China. Then answer the following question: Q: Jkfr&^ff ft ifcaf ^ rft i|? Q: # ft£ Jt >*f $ jb & ft ? A:_ 2.Work with a partner and locatea r§7 J-J,a ioj^,,and a Jfc on a map of China.Copy the names of the r^j and ask your instructor to help you pronounce them.Then tell your class where they are located. _iXi>|§fc._4^_4p o or or 354 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook D.Chinese Geography 101 k_____* Quiz yourself and check the boxes to indicate where most of China's major mountain ranges, deserts, plateaus, and plains are located. Si A a. State what you have checked in an organized short paragraph. b. Then add to the paragraph information about which direction many major run. c. The next step is to talk about population distributions along the coast vs. in the plateau areas. Work with a partner to connect a,b,and c with appropriate cohesive devices, and discuss if there's anything else about Chinese geography that you can add.Then present your basic introduction of China's geography to your class.Your introduction can make use of PowerPoint slides or can be presented on YouTube if you wish. Include visual aids to enhance your presentation. r ^ E. Research Time v______J Go online and find facts on the following; ts/ta HB/na (or a different country of your choice) 1. fi^t/rSiH _ _ 2. A a _ _ 3. ^Jt/^JI______ 4. f I]! _ _ s.____ _ 6. Ml^f*U/M$~f _ Lesson 10- f ®$fc& 355 7. ilftt'^ _ _ Compare your search results with a partner and then prepare an oral or written report together. In your report, you will state and compare the sizes and the populations of the two countries, and where they are in the world according to latitude. Name their capitals, financial centers, cultural centers,and highest mountains, and then tell where these things are located within their respective countries. F. Choose a Tourist Destination a. Work with a partner to weigh the pros and cons of visiting the following places.Some things that can be taken into consideration are location, climate, transportation, cost, tourist population, tourist sites, etc. pros cons 4b # _ _ -fc#__ itl^C _ _ &*H _ _ Your Choice b. Recommend one destination that you think would be ideal to visit: 356 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook or AT, _, c. After listening to everyone's recommendations, group people who have the same recommendations together. Open the floor for a debate. Each group should defend its recommendations and point out why other places are not as good. Words you can use to present your arguments in a coherent and cohesive manner include, but are not limited to: Lesson 10- t$^!/tS)*J! 357 d.The class should then vote on the best place in China that people can visit in summer or winter. »1115/53 1/23.26.2713901^ imiaiMaiiM 21900^ 1/26.27.28 «fil=IS»: 8*.Mffä.8tIiM«t1500^ IiMHl«Mit6B i»2490(k i»K^l»BtA25900s «illiMlSB ];i26900i wmmmm S279001 ffiltSiiil^^iiyj7j<8Br^32500g HiiiiI»lliB^32900i 1/26 ^SIJM^P10i«$(Hl20007Ü).Ö^IÖi mmmmm 35900s IPMA+Sl+lllilil4Q 4999s 1/13.15 358 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (-^ G. Be a Tour Consultant V___.____J Divide the class into two groups: one will be tour consultants and the other potential clients. a. Training Session for the Consultants: Imagine that you are a group of tour consultants in a travel agency specializing in trips to China, and most of your clients speak only Chinese. Work with your fellow consultants to make a comprehensive list of possible questions in Chinese that you will need to help your clients to plan their trips.The basic questions may include asking for travel dates, destinations, budgets, preferences for transportation, preferences for accommodations, etc. 1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ b. Brainstorming among the Clients Team up with a travel companion to plan your travel itinerary, including travel dates, destinations, means of transportation, accommodation, budget, etc. Lesson 10* t MM 359 Brainstorm questions that you may ask a travel consultant to get the best service and advice possible. 1._ 2.____ 3._ 4._ 5._ c. Now the consultants should pair up. Each pair sets up a stand to provide service, and the prospective clients take turns to visit each stand. After visiting all the consultants, the clients have to rate and comment on the consultants'services. Comments may include if the consultants are able to 1) give suggestions based on their knowledge of the climate and geography of China, 2) remind them whether it's practical or realistic to travel to certain destinations with the given time frame, budget constraints, and personal preferences, and 3) show alternatives by pointing out the advantages of different options. After listening to all the clients, the consultants have to decide which clients' questions are most challenging yet reasonable, and whose itinerary is most intriguing yet feasible in terms of time and budget. 360 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook !§gfP§ *8 'H2EBKITOB2750 mw*m mSE+SJSMIu ansae 3180 iSlJ^S esTsas 3880 SJBJfiS BTkSSJiffi jsehsa 1290 ttfin HSh7B 2090 Ufa **