LEARNING OBJECTIVES Tn this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to 1. Name basic clothing, bedding, and bath items; 2. Describe your shopping preferences and criteria; 3. Disagree with others tactfully; 4. Present your arguments with rhetorical questions. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— • Can you purchase clothing and other necessities all in one shopping area? • Do people usually pay for their purchases in cash, with checks, or with credit cards? • Is there a sales tax? 106 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook Before You Study Check the statements that apply to you. I I 1.1 go shopping when stores offer discounts. £J 2.1 prefer natural fibers. V___ When You Study Listen to the audio recording and scan the text. Ask yourself the following questions before you begin a close reading of the text. 1. Where does the conversation take place? V_ LANGUAGE NOTES O t'llfa-^fe^ is a portmanteau word formed by combining the soutids and meanings of the Cantonese transliteration of the English "t-shirt" t'|j&- (pronounced tiseot in Cantonese) and the Mandarin morpheme "shirt." Modern Standard Chinese is based on the speech of Beijing and the vocabulary 2. Do the characters share similar views? 3. Do they manage to obtain the items they require? +9 fc^*R*L%LM:&tf]itir&, MM$&4&^T— ^T'Jsfc and syntax of the modern Chinese literary canon. Contributions from various dialects have also enriched the vocabulary of standard spoken Chinese. © 4-^#/-^H^#- literally means "cowboy pants." 4* is used in dialects for "boy. » is a dialectal translation of the English word "cowboy." 1 08 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook BUMS: III « A4(r*:*Jt, ^f+^#H^, N^^Nf*, LANGUAGE NOTES © -#Ti±.£&/JL:±.M, is also called -f~M< i n northern spoken Chinese. : This word is used as an adjective before a noun, e.g., ^ T —ffii&^^T^ (I bought a pure cotton shirt.). To use it as a predicate, put Ml after it: #^J?L$L# ft /i£iM«MS|_i£# 6$ (These pants are 100 percent cotton). Lesson 4- 'M109 -r- ^®*Mt # *mh ^mi m at — f: ^ m m t ^ ° © ^t?""Sr/^flfr is a mainland Chinese usage. In Taiwan, the word for quality is oct /(pTnzhi). This has a slightly different meaning on the mainland, referring to someone or something's essential qualities, including someone's "moral fiber," itt^ot*'If /iJMIjuct Jjf[ (daode pTnzhi). © ^filL-Si means "to make sense." It is often used to convey one's agreement with an opinion that someone else has just expressed. 110 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook #]>^# • I (Zhang Tianming is at the check-out counter...) After You Study Challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese. 1. List the items that Lin Xuemei and Lisa would like to buy. V_ LANGUAGE NOTES © ^ 0> is synonymous with ^f- fí\. Its positive form is #T or 'J&?M/"Mp$M (bixu), not Its interrogative form is ffl ^ JÍI or 'Jř^-'^/?5S? * ♦ ■ ^ © The literal meaning of ~% /^f" is "poor." In northern Chinese dialect usage, it also means "to talk too much" or "to make too many jokes." It's mildly derogatory. Lesson 4 • M & Si 111 flutes *£, #:^Ji5i:#*Jl&^!^SW^r, (Zhang Tianming is at the checkout counter...) : $LM~f ° ♦ ITS: *Ul*— -gr^— "SV^+^feW o 2. List the four characters' shopping philosophies. 3. List your shopping criteria to determine which of the characters best represents your shopping views. _J © f!iJfft/*&ftl is a colloquial usage. Ir includes both the speaker and the listener, whereas doesn't necessarily include the listener. Therefore, plj 'fPI'ill sounds more intimate in tone. 2 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook r~-- 1. 4|t xiang V such as 2. tTxushan n t-shirt 3. maoyT n woolen sweater 4. niuzaiku n jeans 5. wulun conj regardless of...; whether it be.. [See Grammar 1.] 6. xuyao v/n to need; needs 7. weishengzhT n toilet paper 8. if # yagao n toothpaste 9. maojTn n towel 10. xTyTfen n laundry powder 11. yushi conj so; therefore; thereupon [See Grammar 2.] 12. gouwu V to shop 13. )rff paizi n brand 14. IN* jiaqian n price 15. chunmian adj pure cotton; 100 percent cotton 16. mfngpai(r) ii famous brand; name brand 17. *** shfmao adj fashionable, stylish 18. aiya interj (an exclamation to express surprise) gosh; ah 19. zhiliang n quality 20. zhThao adv to be forced to; to have no choice but Lesson 4 • W £ /-3£ & # 113 21. 22. i& 23. ^^•••^^T 24. 25. 26. 27. I5J .C- 28. 29. ^f^r 30. 1 31. *iHn 32. — 33. 34. ^ 35. $>L daoli bubi fei...bu ke biaozhun wu mei jia Man zaihu tongyi nandao haokan pin zanmen yihuir xianjTn jia shul n reason; sense adv need not; not have to have to; nothing but... would do n/adj criterion; standard attractive goods at inexpensive prices v to mind; to care v to agree adv Do you mean to say... LSee Grammar 4.J adj nice-looking; attractive adj gabby; glib pr we; us nm in a moment; a little while n cash v to add n tax Enlarged Characters 1t #f # * M Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook What do you think means here? Lesson 4- X & © 115 Culture Highlights Bargaining is expected almost everywhere in mainland China. Even in mid-priced department stores, it doesn't hurt to ask if you could get a discount. That is because department stores sometimes rent counter space to private vendors and manufacturers. How much you end up paying depends on your bargaining skills. Often, you can start bargaining by cutting the offering price as much as fifty percent, particularly when buying clothes and shoes. However, there's no bargaining in supermarkets, large chain stores like Wal-Mart, or upscale department stores, and there is no sales tax in China. If you open a personal bank account in China, you will receive a deposit book along with an ATM card. However, you won't receive a checkbook since personal checking accounts are not common in China. Typically people pay for their purchases with either cash or credit cards. 116 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Grammar ■^r $m/ ffij'ifit signifies that the result will remain the same under any condition or circumstance. It must be used together with a question pronoun or an alternative construction. (No matter who's paying tomorrow, I'm not going.) is a question pronoun. Together with means doesn't matter -who, or anybody^] © a: ^M^^MM^4nM-^f"f*^i (Which shopping center in town do you want to go to?) (I haven't been to any shopping center in town, so going to any of them will be fine.) ['^IWS/'SJJS^ ^ a question pronoun.] (We've already decided to go shopping tomorrow. Whether you're willing or not, you have to go with us.) [$M $M 7§t / ^ JlS "^E- is an alternative construction meaning willing or not willing.] Lesson 4- f JLiSf/lt117 (Whether he's at home or at school, he's always studying. You seldom see him relax.) [^££JL3L&^#& / an alternative construction meaning doesn't matter (whether it's) at home or at school.'] 2. Conjunction The conjunction connects two clauses. The second clause is a new situation or action caused by the first clause. (I called him many times, but nobody answered, so I sent him an e-mail.) (After dinner he went to a shopping center to get a pair of sneakers. The shopping center didn't have the ones he liked, so he drove to another shopping center.) (The kids were going to go to the mountains over the weekend, but it rained unexpectedly Saturday morning, so they didn't go.) 118 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (Little JVling saw a sweater at the store. He liked the style and the color, so he bought it.) In Examples ©-©, where there is a discernible causal relationship, can be replaced by #f \?X. However, with ^^^^^L/ ~J~~;*iL, the sequential relationship of the two actions is also emphasized. If, however, the emphasis is clearly on cause and effect, and the two actions do not have a sequential relationship, only Ijq iiX can be used. (I didn't prepare for the exam, so I did really badly.) [Lack of preparation is the direct cause of poor performance on the exam.] (There are so many people and cars in Shanghai that it is easy to get nervous while you drive.) [Crowds and cars lead to nervousness. | (He's been under the weather the past two days. That's why he's lost his appetite for food.) [Poor health results in a loss of appetite.] Lesson 4- % /X & & 11 3.Adj/V+;^+Adj/V, "Sf^L/^A--* This structure is equivalent to "although...(yet)..." O A: ^T##i|-Jt a (I plan to study music.) (It /s good to study music, but it may not be easy to find a job later.) © A: xt^^IPU^T, 3»]*! (This piece of clothing is too expensive. Don't buy it.) (It is expensive, but it's a good brand.) (Lin Xuemei's birthday party is tomorrow evening. Will you be going?) b: T4:t^- 3fcJL° (I will be going, but I will be a bit late.) 120 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook 4. Adverb #3&/*£3l. J?]^l1il/^f£i|L (Do you mean to say...) is used in rhetorical questions. (You use so much salt and MSG when you cook. Don't you care about your own health?) (Do you mean that he has been in America for ten years and can't recognize even one English word?) (You said he didn't do it. Are you telling me that you did it?) (You already have eight credit cards. Do you really want to get another one?) can be used before or after the subject, but the question always takes the v.Wj /V3$ form, as shown in ©, ©, and ©. Sometimes the can be omitted, as in ©. Note also that rhetorical questions require some kind of context. Therefore, -Hj^ll?./ cannot be used out of the blue. Lesson 4- 121 Words & Phrases A.--'fbK-#r/"-'ft-&#> (...etc.) This expression is used to cap a series of items. (He wants to buy sweaters, jeans, etc.) MM&JU ^MfW*£ ° (Mom invited some guests over last night. She made many dishes—beef in soy sauce, steamed fish, family-style tofu, and so on. They were all delicious.) (The furniture in our dorm is not bad. The beds, desks, bookshelves, and so on are all good and new.) (There's lots of stuff on his bed: a quilt, a blanket, clothes, etc.) 122 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook B. ;fc'J\ -££aL, %^/%^ (kuanzhai)-- (size,length,width...) Opposites such as ^L, , t^l/fe., jIl/jal (kuan), (zhai)— can be combined to form abstract nouns meaning size, length, width, and so on. (Take a look at this suit. The style, size, and length are all suitable.) (You wear size medium. This sweatsuit is also a medium. The size is just right.) (The length of these pants is just right.) C. -rri/r (to discount; to sell at a discount) can either be used generally to mean "on sale" or more specifically with numbers to mean "a certain percentage off." 20 percent off is (-TT) s^^fT, 25 percent off is (-^T) and 50 percent off is \4T'iMdfc or <^T) W/r/*W. ii>h^^MH^ *^4fp^r*f, » (Many things are on sale this weekend. Let's go shopping.) (This bookshelf was eighty dollars last month. Now it is 30 percent off. It's fifty-six dollars.) Lesson 4- £ jfc.«§7* ifcSS 123 (T bought a plane ticket at half price for $125. ) D.(^-)^f^ (otherwise) ° (The winter here is really cold. You've got to buy another blanket, otherwise it's easy to catch a cold.) (When you are looking for a house, find a place that's not too close to the street. Otherwise it'll be too noisy.) 1 24 Integrated Chinese ■ Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (Don't eat so much meat. Have more green leafy vegetables or you'll put on more and more weight.) E. ■ • • ^ ~*T (have to; must) This construction sometimes means that if one doesn't do something, there will be negative consequences. (If you stay in bed any longer, you'll definitely be late for class.) (You have no choice but to get an injection for this illness. Otherwise, it will get more and more serious.) The construction can also show strong resolution and will. (Zhang Tianming insists on buying only designer clothes.) ° (I'm determined to find a lucrative job after I graduate next year. Otherwise, I'll go back to school.) (When Little Lin eats fish, he insists on steamed fish. He doesn't care for fish cooked in any other way.) Lesson 4- If JM§i/ie * i| 125 F.j$r^/fo>jJL (criterion;standard) both a noun and an adjective. O f4S^-iW^r^#^tf? [noun] #iLJ& — 'Hf # #r *f & ? (What do you think are the criteria for a good teacher?) 0 it^^^^^^^-^Tfl-A^-^ ? [noun] (What are the criteria for accepting graduate students at this university?) As an adjective, '%T-6r- can be an attributive or a predicate. © ^#t^^L#-^^^b^TT# ° [attributive] (What he speaks is standard Beijing dialect.) O &M^J^7&i£^3>LM;^0 [predicate] (My Shangbainesc is not very standard.) G. ^-Jf~ (to mind; to care) v^h-^" is a verb and its negative form, ^^-Jf~, is used more often than the affirmative form, (1 don't care what other people say.) (Your car has disappeared. How can you not care in the least?) 1 26 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook (He cares a lot about bow other people see him.) Language Practice c ^ A. Stock Up on Necessities V___* If you were in China, you would want to know how to name some of the basic household necessities before heading to the store. Practice with a partner and see how many you can pronounce correctly. 1. 2. Lesson 4- 127 B. Complete Your Wardrobe V._,______-) You've received a gift card from your favorite apparel store, and you want to update your wardrobe. With the help of a partner, get your shopping list ready.Then report back to the class what you wish to purchase, and estimate the price of each item. Make sure to note your size and color preferences so your shopping trip will go smoothly. C3 128 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook C. Name Your Price! You are very budget-conscious and like a good bargain. Role play with a classmate. With one person as a potential buyer and the other a seller, bargain and figure out how deep the discount has to be before you will purchase the item. EXAMPLE: a: &A4yjg $ >ymk jrM? a: m^t^M £ ^#Wi^Ä? Lesson 4- 129 D. What's on Your Shopping List? V_____,____' Here are some criteria that most people have when shopping. List your own top five criteria when you shop for clothes, with 1 as the most important.Then compare your list with your partner's, and explain your rankings to each other. Please include --', 5ft -—, when you report your rankings. 5. 130 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook E. Regardless... >.___j a. Your friend Mr. Studious is an avid reader. He reads all the time: whether he's in class or out of class; whether he's in the library or in the dorm; no matter what day of the week it is; no matter whom he is with. Describe Mr. Studious'reading habits with sentences in the 4MHh "/ Jtilfe'' '' pattern. b. You have an exam early tomorrow morning, but your friend has just invited you to dinner at 7:00 pm today.Tell your friend that you cannot go, regardless of: who has issued the invitation; which restaurant it is; whether it is a Chinese meal or a Japanese one; whether the food is authentic or not. Again, say these sentences in the é$?Mtm' '^t$' * V^CjŤcT" • -^mm' pattern. F. The Polite Critic V___J a. Your friend enjoys cooking Chinese food and wants you to critique the meal he has just prepared. You want to give your honest opinions, but don't want to hurt your friend's feelings. EXAMPLE: 1. i. 2. m 2. m 3. 3. 4. # ®£ 4. * Lesson 4- lf^^/^*iZ% 131 b. You are a fashion consultant. In a mini-consultation with your client, tactfully call his or her attention to something that he or she may have neglected. 75 I 32 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook G. He'd Have It No Other Way Mr. Zhang is particular about everything and always wants things done his way. Let's see if you can tell the class some of Mr. Zhang's fastidious habits. EXAMPLE: 1. *£,^L 8 jMfe 1. EI 4^ 2. «$| ^> 2. 3. JF^juBL 3. 4. 4. 5. Do you know anyone who always wants things done in a certain way? Give an example or two. f ' " ' --"---■* H.You Mean to Tell Me You Don't Know?! a. Your classmate is clueless about the things happening around him. Luckily for him,you've been paying attention in class. Answer his questions and explain what's going on with the exam tomorrow. EXAMPLE: need to prepare for the exam exam cancelled -» a: &&MMltJti& ° a: 4k&<%4rJ$'J& ° 1. why there isn't an exam tomorrow 2. what the teacher's illness is 3. want to send flowers to the teacher the teacher is sick the teacher caught a cold and had a fever the teacher is allergic to flowers Lesson 4- 133 b. Your mother has come to visit you at school and is shocked at your unhealthy eating habits. Listen and respond as she warns you about the consequences of a poor diet. EXAMPLE: W- -> 'y*t$L9 y*&lk, *£i£4#^£*i£*t 1. w 2. m 3. 4. 5. I. Become a Modeling Agent Si.___y A good agent working for a modeling agency has to be able to scout potential fashion models. Suppose you think that a classmate has style and is a good candidate to become a model. Describe what he/she is wearing and what he/she looks like. Make sure that your description follows a certain logic. Describe his or her clothes from top to bottom and then his or her appearance—figure, hair, eyes, etc. T 34 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Pinyin Text Zhäng Tiänming cöng jiä Ii läi de shfhou, mäma gei tä mäi le yl xie yTfu, xiäng tTxüshän0, mäoyT, niüzäikü®shenme de, keshr tä juede wülün shi yängzi häishi yänse döu bü täi häo®. JTntiän shi xTngqTri, zhenghäo Lin Xuemei he Üshä ye xüyäo mäi weishengzhT®, yägäo, mäojTn, xTyTfen zhe xie riyöngpTn, yüshi® Ke Lin jiü däi tämen läi däo füjin yi jiä zui da de göuwü zhöngxTn. Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Lfn Xuemei: Lisha: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Lisha: Lin Xuemei: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Lin Xuemei: Zhang Tianming: NT yäo mäi shenme yTfu? Wö xiäng mäi yi täo yündöngfü. Zhebianr jiü shi. NT kän kan zhe yi täo, yängzi, däxiäo, chängduän döu heshi, erqie da bä zhe. Yänse ye bücuö. Duöshao qiän? Shenme päizi de? Jiäqian bü gui. Zhe ge päizi mei tTngshuö guo. Büguö shi chünmiän® de. Päizi bü häo bü xing, wö xiäng mäi mfngpäi de. NT zhen shfmäo! Chuän mingpäi! Näjiän häoxiäng shi mingpäi de... Äiyä, täi gui le! Mäi döngxi, wö zhT mäi mingpäi de, yäobürän jiü bü mäi, yTnwei mingpäi de yTfu zhiliäng® häo. Bücuö. Yöude yTfu piänyi shi piänyi, keshi päizi bü häochuän yT, Häng ci jiü bü xiäng chuän le, zhThäo zäi mäi yijiän. Zheyäng mäi liäng jiän yTfu de qiän bT mäi yi jiän mfngpäi de häi duö. NT shuö de yöu däoli®. Mäi yTfu zhT käolü piänyi dängrän bü häo, dänshi ye bübi°fei mäi mingpäi de bü ke. Wö mäi yTfu de biäozhün, di yT shi chuän zhe shüfu, di er shi wü mei jiä Man, shi shenme päizi de, shimäo bü shfmäo, wö döu bü zäihu. YTnwei chuän yTfu shi weile zijT, bü shi weile gei bieren kän. Wö bü töngyi. Nändäo® nT xThuan kän Xuemei chuän bü häokän de yTfu ma? Xuemei chuän shenme yTfu döu häokän, dui bu dui? NT bie pin ©le! Äi, Ke Lin, nT shen shang zhe jiän yTfu zenme shi mfngpäi de, nT bü shi bü chuän mfngpäi ma? j Lesson 4' |£$L|%/Ä 135 Ke Lin: Wo shi shuo bubi fei mai mfngpai bu ke, keshi mei shuo bu chuan mfngpai ya. Zhe jian shi da zhe de shihou mai de. Lin Xuemei: Ai, Lisha, women qu riyongpm nabian kan kan. Zhang Tianming: NTmen qu ba, wo xian qu fu qian, zanmen® yihuir jian. (Zhang Tianming is at the check-out counter...) Shouhuoyuan: Xiansheng, fu xianjm, haishi yong xinyongka? Zhang Tianming: Wo shua ka. Shouhuoyuan: Xiansheng, jia shang shui yigong shi yi bai bashi liu kuai si. Zhang Tianming: Hao...Xiexie! Zaijian. English Text Before Zhang Tianming came to school, his mom bought him some clothes such as T-shirts, sweaters, jeans, and so on, but he doesn't think they are very good either in terms of style or color. Today is Sunday, and it just so happens that Lin Xuemei and Lisa need to buy some daily necessities such as toilet paper, toothpaste, towels, and laundry detergent, so Ke Lin takes them to the biggest shopping center nearby. Ke Lin: What clothes do you want to buy? Zhang Tianming: I'd like to buy a sweatsuit set. Ke Lin: Here they are. Look at this one. The style, size, and length are all very suitable. Plus, it's 20 percent off. Zhang Tianming: The color isn't bad, either. How much money? What's the brand? Lin Xuemei: The price is not expensive. I've never heard of the brand. Lisa: But it's pure cotton. Zhang Tianming: It won't do if it's not a good brand. I want name brand. Ke Lin: You're really fashionable, wearing name brands! That one looks like it's name brand. Oh my, way too expensive. Zhang Tianming: When it comes to shopping, I only buy name brand or I won't buy, because name-brand clothes are better quality. Lisa: That's right. Some clothes are inexpensive, but they are not good brands. After you've worn them once or twice, you don't want to wear them anymore and you have to buy another set. That way the 36 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook -— Lin Xuemei: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Lin Xuemei: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Lin Xuemei: Zhang Tianming: (Zhang Tianming Sales clerk: Zhang Tianming: Sales clerk: Zhang Tianming: cost of buying two sets of clothes is higher than buying just the one name brand. What you say makes sense. Of course it's not good if you only consider price when shopping for clothes, but you don't have to insist on name brands. My criteria for buying clothes is comfort first, and good quality at a reasonable price second. What brand they are and whether they are fashionable or not, I don't care. You wear your clothes for yourself, not for others to look at. I don't agree. Are you telling me you like to see Lin Xuemei wear ugly clothes? Xuemei looks good in whatever clothes she's wearing. Isn't that right? Don't be so glib. Ke Lin, how come the clothes you are wearing are name brand? I thought you didn't wear name brand. I said you don't have to buy name brand, but I didn't say I don't wear name brand. I bought this when it was on sale. Lisa, let's go over to the daily necessities to have a look. You go ahead. I'll go pay first. We'll see each other in a little bit. is at the check-out counter...) Sir, cash or credit card? I'll swipe my credit card. Sir, with tax it's $186.40. All right. ... Thank you! Goodbye. SELF-ASSESSMENT How well can you do these things? Check ( ^/) the boxes to evaluate your progress and see which areas you may need to practice more. I can Name basic clothing items and household necessities State my criteria when shopping for clothes Disagree tactfully and express my perspective politely Make rhetorical statements to emphasize my opinions Very Well OK A Little □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □