LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to 1. State your major area of study/academic department and some required general courses you have taken; 2. Talk about what you plan to do after graduating; 3. Explore what will enhance your future job opportunities; 4. Explain whether your family members have an influence on your choice of major and career path; 5. Share tips on how to save money for your education. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— • When do college students declare a major? • What are the most common schools/colleges found in a typical university? • Approximately how many credits are needed to graduate from college? 138 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Before You Study Check the statements that apply to you. q 1.1 have already declared my major. |_j 2.1 plan to double major. I I 3.1 have an academic advisor. When You Study Listen to the audio recording and scan the text. Ask yourself the following questions before you begin a close reading of the text. 1. Where does the conversation take place? 2. Do the two characters know what courses they are going to take next semester? LANGUAGE NOTES O ^/^ can be used as a suffix meaning "academic subject," e.g., iffcYt£ ^j- (political science), M}$f-^/^^r# (economics), -ff ^/ EH ^ (medical science), $><8£/4£# (chemistry), etc. Lesson 5 • iS.SH/1 39 I | 4.1 have been able to take whatever classes I wanted to take. I I 5.1 believe the classes I've been taking are good preparation for the job market. I I 6.1 would like to apply to graduate school. 3. Do the two characters' interests match their career choices? 4. Do the two characters know what they want to do after graduating? 5. Do the two characters get the advice they need? ___J ^tx^iixn&, $ML##«J T*Ht$Q 1 40 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook LANGUAGE NOTES © $m ^Sj^^fkJl'sC/-tg -^-^1^^ is "academic advisor." In mainland China, professors advising graduate students arc called Mf-$$/(mentors). Lesson 5 • il 1%L/i&-$L 141 ju^o^Tt Jfcn* * % jl n ^tF#-|£« # at i»J ^ft ^tJL^ T ° © -^^-^i/^xL^^fi: means "dual degree." Wt/~%&- means "double." It can only be used before nouns as an attributive, e.g., (both bands), -K.^^/X^y^^ (d ouble bed). It can't be used as a predicate. 1 42 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook LANGUAGE NOTES means divisions or branches of learning at a college or university, e.g., (humanities), S&^f" (sciences), Jl^f" (engineering), etc. Lesson 5 • Ü MliéM 1 43 ÄJt 91: # * f # # # Ä ? 1 44 Integrated Chinese ■ Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook After You Study Challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese. 1. List the courses that Zhang Tianming is currently taking. 2. List the courses that Zhang Tianming is going to take next semester. 3. List the courses that Li Zhe needs to graduate. Sichuan University Lesson 5 • ÜT^/i&i* 1 45 4. List Zhang Tianming's and Li Zhe's favorite subjects. 5. Give your advice to Zhang Tianming. 6. Give your advice to Li Zhe. National Sun Yat-sen University 46 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook VOCABULARY 1. 2. i4 n xuan men m to choose (measure word for academic courses) 3. shijie ii world 4. lishT n history 5. qfta Pr other; else 6. jTngchang adv often; frequently 7. wenzhang n essay; article H. shou bu liao vc cannot take it; unable to bear 9. qmgsong adj light; relaxed 10. zhTdao v/n to guide; guidance 11. jiaoshou n professor 12. taolun V to discuss 13. peng jian vc to bump into; to run into 14. it%L kending adv definitely 15. If zhlyu prep as for; as to [See Grammar 3.J 16. bl ye vo to graduate 17. xuewei n (academic) degree 18. huaxue n chemistry 19. jTngji □ economics; economy 20. XI n department (of a college or university) 21. xuefen n academic credit 22. jueding v/n to decide; decision Lesson 5 • mWAl& 1 47 23. jiejue V to solve; to resolve 24. yaome... conj if it's not..., it's...; either yäome... [See Grammar 6.1 25. gong xueyuän n school of engineering 26. guänIT xueyuän n school of management 27. It tan V to talk; to discuss 28. wenxue n literature 29. ke n a branch of academic or vocational study 30. jiängläi n future 31. zhuän qiän vo make money 32. jTnröng Ii finance; banking 33. zheng tiän all day long 34. it* shüzl n numeral; figure; digit 35. dä jiäodao vo to deal with 36. ** qfshf adv actually 37. zhexue n philosophy 38. # guän V to control, manage; to mind, to care about 39. shenqTng v to apply (to a school or job) 40. sheng xia lai VC to save (money, time) 41. jiänyi n/v suggestion; to suggest 42. text mk jTngyän n/v experience; to experience Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook 43. Mj> JAL yijian n opinion Proper Noun 44. ^^Jf LT Zhe Li Z,he (a personal name) v___________________ Enlarged Characters m # ^ * * A flfc * i£ iSIr Lesson 5- mW/i&ft- 149 Culture Highlights The educational system in China is much more compartmentalized than in some other countries. Typically, high-school students are streamed into two separate tracks, sciences and humanities. College applicants have to declare their majors on their college application forms. Thus when high school graduates are admitted to colleges or universities, they are admitted directly into specialized departments. Because a student's college application can have a crucial impact on his or her future career, parents usually play a large role in the application process. Once students are in college, it is generally difficult to switch majors. However, in recent years some universities have attempted to be more flexible by allowing students the opportunity to explore their options before declaring a major. There is also a move to put more emphasis on general education, i§L?i$^iLlg~/iM.i^-^^'W (tongshf jiaoyu) so that students will become well-rounded in both the humanities and sciences. # # $ - # m # m? 1 50 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook The word for "graduate school" on the mainland is ^f"^L» I^O, whereas in Taiwan, it is . However, can mean either "graduate school" or "research institute." In mainland China, the word ^p^C^T refers only to research institutes, which may or may not be affiliated with universities. "To go to graduate school" is on the ma inland and J^9f 'f/L PJf in Taiwan. In many countries, people apply to graduate school by submitting an application to one or more schools. But in both mainland China and Taiwan, admission is given based on people's scores on the graduate school entrance exams. To whom does this reference room belong? This is a sign on the door of a reading room. Who can have access to the room? Lesson 5 - iS W/i&W- 151 Grammar means "as far as he's concerned." (As far as she's concerned, the thing most needed to be done this year is to pick a good college.) (As far as Xiao Wang is concerned, the most important thing this year is to find a job. Otherwise, both food and housing would become problematic.) can only convey the speaker's opinion. See in © how it can be used together with JLr^/ JaLttJ". ([I think that] for him, it's better to have a job than to have no job. However, in his view, having a lousy job is worse than having no job.) 152 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook C—'-'—'-'-----"—^ 2. Resultative Complements v________B____^ The structure of a sentence containing a resultative complement is: subject + verb + resultative complement (+ object) Resultative complements are an important part of Chinese grammar. Generally speaking, as long as an action produces a certain result, a resultative complement must be used. For example, "extending one's hand" 4t7 (shen shou) results in one's arm being stretched out, hence . Opening the door means having the door open, therefore, we say HfJ r?=r3 / ^f*^f" fj . Whether a verb can be combined with an adjective or a verb to form a "verb + resultative complement" is not random, but rather follows certain patterns. Therefore, it is best to memorize each verb together with its resultative complement as if they were one unit. Depending on their meanings, resultative complements fall into the following categories: A. Resultative complements elucidating the verb: (A—fe$t. It— (I'll go get some household necessities at the shopping center as soon as I finish moving.) [I will have moved; the act of moving will be completed.] (Have you finished selecting classes for next semester?) = "properly, readily" done selecting. You select, and are done selecting.] b. Resultative complements indicating a new state or a change on the part of the agent of the action or the subject. In other words, by performing a certain action, the person brings upon himself or herself the result indicated by the complement: Lesson 5 • J&i&S&M 1 53 (I understood what the teacher said.) LMy listening resulted in my understanding.] (Professor Zhang was tired from writing articles.) [Professor Zhang wrote, and he became tired.] C. Resultative complements indicating a new state or change on the part of the recipient of the action or the object; in other words, the complement indicates the action's result on the object. -» & ^ &£MMr 5c T ? (Why did you hit your sister and make her cry?) [You hit; your younger sister started to cry.] «AT-;fe^HP ° —A) (He took away a chair.) [He moved the chair; the chair is now gone.] (You have to wash the clothes clean [finish the laundry] before you can go see the movie.) [You wash the clothes; the clothes will be clean as a result.] 154 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook 3. Preposition JL;£{V JL-f" V---_._____J S-3r$*/ is used to introduce new subject matter which is related in some way to the subject of the preceding discussion, or a different aspect of the issue in question. (Let's take a trip next year. How about it?) (Let's first discuss whether we'll go or not. As for when to go, we'll talk about that later.) #i$t#viu^#^^wil SiiE^r ft Jit? (Do you and your wife like Sichuanese or Cantonese cuisine?) (I like Cantonese. As for my wife, she likes Sichuanese.) (What do you think of the size, style, and color of this pair of jeans?) ^M^W*. ^HfcdMfciL'K #-f*Mo Jl-f-Jlfc, (Both the size and style are perfect for you. As for the color, I think it's ugly.) Lesson 5 • i&m/fkW 1 55 (I would like to buy some clothes. How is this store?) (This store is good for daily necessities. It's quite cheap. As for clothes, you'd better go to a bigger shopping center.) __i There are three ways to use One of them is before a noun or a demonstrative pronoun as seen in ©, ©, and ©. (I plan to take three courses next semester. One of them will be computer science. As for the other two, I haven't decided yet.) mM ° 3M§ ° (There are two colleges here. One is a men's college and the other one is a women's college. Both are quite good.) 156 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook *b*fc ■ | ifcft ° . (All three of his younger sisters have jobs. One is a lawyer and the other two are college professors.) 7*7 can also be used as an adverb before a verb phrase, as seen in O, @, and © or as a conjunction at the beginning of a sentence as in ©. f+##jMNI--*nftf*i #*h#tMin ****** (Next semester I'll take a chemistry course, plus two more computer science courses. Then I'll have enough credits.) (When you buy food in this state, you have to pay eight percent in tax on top of the price.) (Last weekend I bought some household necessities. I also bought a T-shirt.) (Please book two plane tickets for me. And also, may I trouble you to get a slightly bigger bag for me?) Lesson 5 • 1 57 5. -^K and ill/£31 Compared Both and indicate repetition of an action. is usually used with actions that have already taken place as seen in ©• -r^~, on the other hand, indicates recurrences in the future as seen in ©. However, before 3<„ or certain modal verbs such as , or one can use for a future recurrence of an action as seen in © and 0. (T applied for an internship last week. I applied for another one yesterday.) (Sir, I didn't hear clearly what dishes you just ordered. Could I trouble you to say them again?) (Tomorrow will be Sunday again.) *^JLT+XJHfcJt#**JfcT ° (She's going to see her advisor again this afternoon.) lH_/ii indicates an increase in quantity or amount: (I've already taken one history class. I have to take one more.) © JUST— toJJUMt, -HMJJti atJftT-.WR.-f"1» (I ordered steamed fish, tofu, and also a plate of dumplings.) 1 58 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook 6. ^rMr' ■Jcilh' • • /H-^S, ■ •-Jc & ■ • • is a selective conjunction. It means "choosing between two or more possibilities or desires." (You have to study either medicine or economics. Tt just can't be literature.) © a: ^i£^^^i^T##l^^? (What do you plan to do this winter break?) B: Mff ° (Either work part-time or get an internship.) €> a: 4^0&^^tlW^lft^? ^$lma ,&ff- & * ^ ? (What kind of vegetable would you like for dinner tonight?) B: m-Mhtttfk, ^rM^t^m • (Either spinach or Chinese broccoli.) " I TTffif iiiiMWii HTITMitlT ::: lir "■rTaflfUr ' nam iSBHWiBinHffiMi Lesson 5 • mMMffl- 1 59 Words & Phrases A. X A or tJC A (it's just that) 7$L or %JCj3z- signifies a turn in thought; it is similar to in usage and tone (see Words & Phrases point F). It is, however, milder in tone than ana Note that J£\ or usually appears in the second clause of a sentence. The first clause is often positive in meaning, whereas the second clause modifies the first clause, pointing out a flaw in something that might otherwise be perfect. In this respect £K is different from — £ o (It's not that I object to your moving off campus. It's just that it's too soon.) (It's true that the style of that sweater is good. It's just that the price is too expensive.) (This restaurant is very good, and it's not expensive either. It's just that often there aren't any tables.) B. ťsc^^r* T (unable to bear) (It's so hot today. I truly can't take it.) 1 60 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (It's been awhile since Xiao Zhang last had a Chinese meal. It's getting so that he's almost unable to stand it anymore.) (My roommate doesn't go to bed until two or three in the morning. I can't stand it.) C. ~W%L (definitely) £1 is an adverb that indicates there is no doubt whatsoever. O a: «h*MH)t«t»it^? (Can Little Lin speak Chinese?) b: $LML.&$*m&*k, jfL^rM-H^.^, ftittt° (He was born and raised in China. He most certainly can speak Chinese.) (Is the sweatsuit that Old Ke is wearing name-brand?) *MWt ? (Most certainly not. I hear he spent ten dollars (or yuan) on it. How could designer clothes be so cheap?) Lesson 5 ■ MiW*&8& 161 ^mMMM* JMbiMf^* 1trJl***fc « (Your older sister adds very little oil and very little salt when she cooks. There's no way the food will taste good.) (That's not necessarily true. Food with only a little oil and a little salt doesn't necessarily taste bad.) (---—-- D. 3Ji-"4T3ti& (to deal with...) t_____._) This phrase usually means to come in contact with certain people or objects because of necessity or the nature of one's work or study. (The salespeople at the shopping center deal with shoppers all day long.) (My mom works at a bank. She deals with money and numbers every day.) (I now teach English at an elementary school. 1 deal with children every day. I'm very happy.) 162 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook E. iL^k/ZZL^ (in this way) i^P-/i^^F" refers to what has just been mentioned. It connects a clause with the previous clause. ° I (I'd like to apply to a school that's closer to home. That way I can move back home.) (To learn a foreign language you have to listen to the audio recordings and read the lessons aloud frequently. This is the only way to improve your listening and speaking abilities.) vjI it # # * Vt "JtI* ^ M, AfeflMfc #7 ^ 4- jfi, (Before you decide on your courses you should consult with your advisor. This is the only way to choose the appropriate courses.) ^ ^ ^ ° (You should shop when the stores are having sales. This is the only way to find bargains.) Lesson 5 • iS^/iii*. 1 63 F. ^i^/^ittbut) introduces a turn in thought, but is less emphatic than or ^J~^L. (Doctors generally make a lot of money, but they are too busy and too tired.) (Studying computer science keeps you very busy and very tired, but it's relatively easy to find a job later.) (Discounted clothes may be inexpensive, but sometimes they are not the right size, style, or color.) Language Practice A. It's All about Classes! Work with a partner and take turns to ask each other, among the courses listed: a. which courses you have taken and which course you were most/least interested in. a: #**Fb(H*? a: % i&i±# & b: b: b: b: 64 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook a: H*^l^#*A? b: _ b. which courses you want to take next semester b: _ a: Tf-J^##ifLR^#*# b: a: ül^fTt-ä-^^^^i^^ b: a: %%^ —nW^^^rM? b:______ _________ nd which course(s) will be good for finding a job later. a: T>h#*#*^fh^^-? b: a: Tt^^*t^4U^#m^ b: a: &&&&&JLtfrJL. b: ---- -\ B. Graduation in Sight Pair up with a partner. Tell each other what your major is, whether you wish to double major, how many credits you still need to graduate, and whether you plan to find a job or apply to graduate school after graduating. EXAMPtE: major double major credits job graduate school (finance) X 30 Lesson 5- iS^/Ü-J* 165 Yours: major double major credits job graduate school Your Partner's: major double major credits job graduate school Note: If you haven't chosen a major yet, you can say: C. Can You Deal with a Heavy Course Load? Go around the class. Ask your classmates what kind of course load in a semester is manageable for them. Tally your classmates' answers, and report back to the class. 66 Integrated Chinese ■ Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook ___i®nm%^±_ — - .--,— D. All Things Considered v.__________J With the help of the chart, practice with a partner how to give your opinions on various aspects of the topic in question. topic aspect 1 aspect 2 aspect 3 aspect 4 university professors libraries classrooms dorms jeans style color size price apartment size furniture security deposit rent restaurant steamed fish Chinese broccoli beef in soy sauce hot and sour soup EXAMPLE: university a: *Ä a: m^^&M^l b: ším^m.^^mšm 1 .jeans 2. apartment 3. restaurant Lesson 5 ■ 3&ŠK/äM£ 1 67 1 68 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook 1 F. Is There a Control Freak in Your Life? Are your parents/siblings/teachers/friends concerned about every detail of your life/study/work? Do they try to micromanage you all the time? Mark their tendencies on the chart, and report the information to the class. parent(s) sibling(s) friend (s) teacher(s) Example: wardrobe X X X 1. wardrobe 2. food 3. classes 4. major 5. work EXAMPLE: wardrobe 1 .wardrobe 2. food 3. classes 4. major 5. work G. Creative Money-Saving Tips Brainstorm with your partner and come up with ways to save money to pay for your education. EXAMPLE: ###? b: ^#^S^l££#F£ law school school of pharmacology 170 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Piny in Text Zhäng Tiänmíng zně ge xuéqí xuän le si mén kě: s hi j i é lis hT, diännäo, zhěngzhixué® hé Zhôngwén. Zhě jT mén kě dôu hen yóu yisi, tä yě xué däo le bú shäo dôngxi.YTnwéi Zháng Tiänmíng zäi jiä de shíhou chángcháng gén fúmú shuô Zhôngwén, suóyí yT niánjí de Zhôngwén kě, dui tä lái shuô®, tľng hé shuô hěn róngyi, zhTshi xiě Hänzi yóu diänr nán. Chúle Zhôngwén kě yíwäi, qítä jT mén kě dôu déi huä hěn duô shíjiän zhůnběi, hái jTngcháng yäo xié wénzhäng, suóyí tä juéde yôu diänr shôu bu liäo. Zhě ge xuéqT yíjTng guô le yí bán, mäshäng yôu déi xuän xiä xuéqT de kě le, Zhäng Tiänmíng xTwäng xiá ge xuéqT néng qTngsông diänr. Hôutiän yäo qú jiän zhTdäo jiäoshôu®, täolún xuän kě de shi, tä xiäng xiän zhäo bié de tóngxué liäo liao. Zhě yi tiän xiäwú, tä zäi lánqiú chäng shang zhénghäo pěng jiän dä si de Lí Zhé, jiú yi biän hé Lí Zhé da qiú, yi biän liäo le qi lai. Zhäng Tiänmíng: Zenmeyäng, xiä xuéqT de kě nT xuän häo© le ma? LT Zhé: Hái méiyóu ne. NT ne? Zhäng Tiänmíng: Wó kěnding yäo xuän Zhôngwén, zhiyú® lingwäi® liäng mén kě xuän shénme, hái méi xiäng häo. Dui le, nT hái déi zäi shäng jí mén kě cái néng bi yě? LT Zhé: Wó xiäng ná shuäng xuéwěi®, hái děi shäng si mén kě. WÓ xiäng zäi® xuän yi mén huäxué, yi mén jTngji, lingwäi® zäi xuän liäng mén diännäo xi de kě, zheyäng xuéfén jiú gôu le. Zhäng Tiänmíng: Dui, wó juéding le, yě xuän jTngji hé diännäo! Wó de wěntíjiějué le, täi häo le! Wó hôutiän jiú gäosu wó de zhTdäo jiäoshôu. LT Zhé: Shi ma? Wó hôutiän yě qú jiän zhTdäo jiäoshôu. Zhäng Tiänmíng: LT Zhé, nT bi yě yThôu däsuän zuô shénme? LT Zhé: Wó xiäng niän yánjiúshěng, yäome shäng gong xuéyuän, yäome shäng guänIT xuéyuän 178 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook III. Organize Your Thoughts Select a topic from the four listed in II A. Discuss with your partner a. what you want to say; b. what words or phrases from II B will help you express your opinion; c. what should be said first, next, and last; d. what transitions may be needed; and e. what cohesive devices should be used to connect your sentences. It may be a good idea to jot down sentences that you wish to say, then number them in the order you think they should be presented, and finally consider how to make your sentences a coherent discourse. Then present your work to the class. IV. Let Me Explain Myself Explain yourself in paragraphs. How would you help make Speaker B sound more logical while justifying his/her choice of major? Use the following conjunctions when necessary to complete the following paragraph. a: %&4tM3SM^? #*£5t** B: ._____/§^#l&^#^# ._____jflL2Wr*j& °_ A: B: B: # JSrSfi&fr & Jlk T ^ ? 4fc£fe*tf _% # ft ^ *SM^*fc, |1X o