Group
1
IA
P E R I O D I C    T A B L E
Atomic Properties of the Elements
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
18 VIIIA
1 'S«
H
Hydrogen 1.00794 1s
13.5984
I S1/2
Li
Lithium 6.941 1s22s 5.3917
11 2S1/2
Na
Sodium 22.989770 [Ne]3s 5.1391
2
IIA
4 1s0
Be
Beryllium 9.012182
12 So
Mg
Magnesium 24.3050
2
[Ne]3s 7.6462
Frequently used fundamental physical constants			
For the most accurate values of these and other constants, visit physics.nist.gov/constants			
1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition			
between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs			
speed of light in vacuum	c	299 792 458 m s-1	(exact)
Planck constant	h	6.6261 x 10-34 J s	(ft = hl2ii)
elementary charge	e	1.6022 x 10-19 C	
electron mass	me mec2	9.1094 x 10-31 kg 0.5110 MeV	
proton mass	mp	1.6726 x 10-27 kg	
fine-structure constant	a	1/137.036	
Rydberg constant	R„	10 973 732 m-1 3.289 842 x 1015 Hz 13.6057 eV	
Boltzmann constant	k	1.3807 x 10-23 J K -1	
Physics Laboratory
physics.nist.gov
Standard Reference Data Group
www.nist.gov/srd
□ Solids Liquids
LTJ Gases
□ Artificially Prepared
13
IIIA
14 IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
3
I IB
4
IVB
5
VB
6 VIB
7
VIIB
8
r
9
■VIII
10
1
11 IB
12 IIB
B
Boron 10.811
22 1s 2s 2p
8.2980
13 2P°/2
Al
Aluminum 26.981538 [Ne]3s23p 5.9858
P0
Carbon 12.0107
222 1s 2s 2p
11.2603
14 3P0
Si
Silicon 28.0855
22 [Ne]3s 3p
8.1517
7 4S°/2
N
Nitrogen 14.0067
„2-2-3
1s 2s 2p 14.5341
15 4s°/2
P
Phosphorus 30.973761 23 [Ne]3s 3p
10.4867
8 3P2
O
Oxygen 15.9994
1s 2s 2p 13.6181
16 3p2
S
Sulfur 32.065
24 [Ne]3s 3p
10.3600
2p°
Fluorine 18.9984032
„ 2— 2— 5
1s 2s 2p 17.4228
17 2p°/2
Cl
Chlorine 35.453
r>.    ...   2„ 5
[Ne]3s 3p 12.9676
2
1S0
He
Helium 4.002602
1s2 24.5874
10 S0
Ne
Neon 20.1797
„ 2- 2- 6
1s 2s 2p 21.5645
18 1S0
Ar
Argon 39.948
26 [Ne]3s 3p
15.7596
19 2S1/2
K
Potassium 39.0983 [Ar]4s 4.3407
20
Ca
Calcium 40.078
2
[Ar]4s 6.1132
21 2d3/2
Sc
Scandium 44.955910
2
[Ar]3d4s 6.5615
22 3f2
Ti
Titanium 47.867
23 4F3/2
V
Vanadium 50.9415
24 7S3
Cr
Chromium 51.9961
[Ar]3d54s 6.7665
25 6S5/2
Mn
Manganese 54.938049
[Ar]3d54s2
26 5d4
Fe
Iron 55.845
27 F9/2
Co
Cobalt 58.933200
[Ar]3d 4s 7.8810
28 3f4
Ni
Nickel 58.6934
, „ in 2 [Ar]3d 4s
7.6398
29 2S1/2
Cu
Copper
63.546
,.,.,10. [Ar]3d 4s
7.7264
30 1S0
Zn
Zinc 65.409
, „ ,10 . 2 [Ar]3d 4s
9.3942
31 2p°/2
Ga
Gallium 69.723 [Ar]3d 4s 4p 5.9993
32 3P0
Ge
Germanium 72.64
3/2
33 4s°,
As
Arsenic 74.92160
34 3P2
Se
Selenium 78.96
35
B
P3/2
r
Bromine 79.904
36 1S
Kr
Krypton 83.798
37 2S1/
Rb
Rubidium 85.4678
[Kr]5s 4.1771
38 1S0
Sr
Strontium 87.62
[Kr]5s2 5.6949
39 2D3/2
Y
Yttrium 88.90585
[Kr]4d5s2 6.2173
40 3f2
Zr
Zirconium 91.224
22
[Kr]4d 5s 6.6339
41 6d1/2
Nb
Niobium 92.90638
[Kr]4d45s 6.7589
42 7S3
Mo
Molybdenum 95.94
[Kr]4d55s 7.0924
43 6S5/2
Tc
Technetium (98)
52
[Kr]4d 5s 7.28
44
Ru
Ruthenium 101.07
[Kr]4d75s 7.3605
*+U F9/2
Rh
Rhodium 102.90550
[Kr]4d85s 7.4589
46 1S0
Pd
Palladium 106.42
10
[Kr]4d 8.3369
47 2S1/2
Ag
Sil er 107.8682
10
[Kr]4d 5s 7.5762
48 1S0
Cd
Cadmium 112.411
10 2
[Kr]4d 5s 8.9938
49 2P°/2
In
Indium 114.818
10 2 [Kr]4d 5s 5p
5.7864
50 3P0
Sn
Tin 118.710
10   2 2
[Kr]4d 5s 5p 7.3439
51 4s°/2
Sb
Antimony 121.760
10   2 3
[Kr]4d 5s 5p 8.6084
52 3P2
Te
Tellurium 127.60
10   2 4
[Kr]4d 5s 5p 9.0096
53 2p°/2
Iodine 126.90447
10   2 5
[Kr]4d 5s 5p 10.4513
54 1S0
Xe
Xenon 131.293
10   2 6
[Kr]4d 5s 5p 12.1298
55 2S
1/2
Cs
Cesium 132.90545
[Xe]6s 3.8939
56 1S0
Ba
Barium 137.327
[Xe]6s2 5.2117
87 2S1/2
Fr
Francium (223)
[Rn]7s 4.0727
88 1S0
Ra
Radium (226)
2
[Rn]7s 5.2784
Ground-state Level
Symbol
Name
Atomic Weight
Ground-state Ionization Configuration    Energy (eV)
72 3f2
Hf
Hafnium 178.49
14   2 2
[Xe]4f 5d 6s 6.8251
3/2
73 4f
Ta
Tantalum 180.9479
14   3 2
[Xe]4f 5d 6s 7.5496
74
W
Tungsten 183.84
14 4 2 [Xe]4f 5d 6s
7.8640
75 6S5/
Re
Rhenium 186.207
76 5d4
Os
Osmium 190.23
77 4F9/2
Ir
Iridium 192.217
[Xe]4f 5d 6s 8.9670
78 3d3
Pt
Platinum 195.078
79 2S1/
Au
Gold
[Xe]4f 5d 6s 9.2255
80 1S0
HMercgury
Mercury 200.59
14 10 2 [Xe]4f 5d 6s
81 2p°/2
Tl
Thallium 204.3833 [Hg]6p 6.1082
82 3P
Pb
Lead 207.2
2
[Hg]6p 7.4167
83 4s°/2
Bi
Bismuth 208.98038
3
[Hg]6p 7.2855
84
Po
Polonium (209) [Hg]6p 8.414
85 2p°,
At
Astatine
(210)
5
[Hg]6p
86 1S0
Rn
Radon (222)
6
[Hg]6p 10.7485
104 3F2 ?
Rf
Rutherfordium
(261)
14   2 2
[Rn]5f 6d 7s ?
105 Db
Dubnium
(262)
106
SeSabogrgium
Seaborgium (266)
107
Bh
Bohrium
(264)
108
Hs
Hassium
(277)
109
Mt
Meitnerium (268)
110 Uun
Ununnilium
(281)
111
Uuu
Unununium
(272)
112
Uub
Ununbium
(285)
114 Uuq
Ununquadium (289)
116
Uuh
Ununhexium (292)
57 2D3l2	58 G4 Ce	59 4i°|2	5 60 j-4	61 6H5/2	62 7f0 Sm	63 8s°/2	64 9D2 Gd	65 6H15/2	OO i8	67 4i°5/2	68	69 2f°/2	70 1s0	71 2d3/2
La		Pr	Nd	Pm		Eu		Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
Lanthanum	Cerium	Praseodymium	Neodymium	Promethium	Samarium	Europium	Gadolinium	Terbium	Dysprosium	Holmium	Erbium	Thulium	Ytterbium	Lutetium
138.9055	140.116	140.90765	144.24	(145)	150.36	151.964	157.25	158.92534	162.500	164.93032	167.259	168.93421	173.04	174.967
[Xe]5d6s2	2 [Xe]4f5d6s	[Xe]4^6s2	42 [Xe]4f 6s	52 [Xe]4fos	62 [Xe]4fos	[Xe]4f 6s	72 [Xe]4f 5d6s	[Xe]4^6s2	,„ 1;ir1CL 2 [Xe]4f 6s	[Xe]4f 6s	12 2 [Xe]4f 6s	[Xe]4f 6s	[Xe]4f 6s	14 2 [Xe]4f 5d6s
5.5769	5.5387	5.473	5.5250	5.582	5.6437	5.6704	6.1498	5.8638	5.9389	6.0215	6.1077	6.1843	6.2542	5.4259
89 D3l2	90 3f2	91 4K ' 1112	92 5l6	93 6l11/2	94 7f0	95 8s°/2	96 9d2 Cm	97 6h^5/2	5	W 115/2	"100 H6	101 2F°/2	102 1s0	103 2P1/2?
Ac	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am		Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr
Actinium	Thorium	Protactinium	Uranium	Neptunium	Plutonium	Americium	Curium	Berkelium	Californium	Einsteinium	Fermium	Mendelevium	Nobelium	Lawrencium
(227)	232.0381	231.03588	238.02891	(237)	(244)	(243)	(247)	(247)	(251)	(252)	(257)	(258)	(259)	(262)
rn   ir* 1-7 2 [Rn]6d7s	22 [Rn]6d 7s	22 [Rn]5f 6d7s	[Rn]5f 6d7s2	42 [Rn]5f 6d7s	62 [Rn]5f 7s	72 [Rn]5f 7s	72 [Rn]5f 6d7s	2 [Rn]5f 7s	[Rn]5f 7s	rrl   ,-,11-, 2 [Rn]5f 7s	12 2 [Rn]5f 7s	rn   irr13-, 2 [Rn]5f 7s	rrl   ,-,14-, 2 [Rn]5f 7s	14 2 [Rn]5f 7s 7p?
5.17	6.3067	5.89	6.1941	6.2657	6.0260	5.9738	5.9914	6.1979	6.2817	6.42	6.50	6.58	6.65	4.9 ?
Based upon   C. () indicates the mass number of the most stable isotope.
For a description of the data, visit physics.nist.gov/data
NIST SP 966 (September 2003)
1
6
9
2
22 1s 2s
9.3227
3
4
22
Ar]3d 4s
32
[Ar]3d 4s
62
[Ar]3d 4s
10   2 2
[Ar]3d 4s 4p
10   2 3
[Ar]3d 4s 4p
10   2 4
[Ar]3d 4s 4p
10   2 5
[Ar]3d 4s 4p
10   2 6
[Ar]3d 4s 4p
6.8281
6.7462
7.9024
7.8994
9.7886
9.7524
11.8138
13.9996
5
6
14   5 2
Xe]4f 5d 6s
14   6 2
[Xe]4f 5d 6s
[Xe]4f 5d 6s
7.8335
8.4382
8.9588
10.4375
7
6.0 ?