Kritická kartografie
Propagátoři
⦿ JB Harley, Deconstructing the map (1989)
⦿ Denis Wood, The power of maps (1992)
⦿ Jeremy Black, Maps and politics (1997) Jeremy
Crampton, Maps as social constructions:
power, communication and visualization (2001)
⦿ Paul Laxton, New nature of maps (2001)
Harley
⦿ maps express power
⦿ maps create power
⦿ maps are not neutral or objective maps are
systems of power-knowledge
⦿ maps are subjective, selective distortions maps
serve the interests of those that make them
Čtení mezi řádky
⦿ we should worry less about map design,
accuracy standards,theories of information
transfer, etc, etc (that’s a smoke screen)
⦿ examine more the social implications what are
the ethics of the maps, the map-maker and their
mapping practices
Co sledovat
⦿ Power: What are the economic structures in which the map is situated?
⦿ Consumption: How is the map presented, disseminated, andused? How does
the map work as part of wider spacediscourses and how is it received by
society?
⦿ Interests: What interests are served by making this map? Whowins and who
looses? Where does power lie in the production ofthis map?
⦿ Closure: What maps were not made? How does this mapforeclose other
representations and opportunities? What othermappings have been
undertaken or alternative mappings couldbe imagined?
⦿ Authorship: What is the authorship of the map? Who is doing the showing
and what are their explicit and implicit intentions? What is the relationship
between the map and its author?
⦿ Objectives: Why was the map made? Are the objectives of themap stated
explicitly? What are some possible secondary,implicit objectives?
Co sledovat
⦿ Contexts: What are the institutional contexts of the map? Who pays for the
map to be made? What necessary practices andtechnical infrastructure was
required to make the map? Wha tare some of the major social and cultural
inspirations and influences on the map?
⦿ Subject: What is the subject of the map? What is shown andwhat is not
shown?
⦿ Rhetoric: How is power encoded and expressed in bot thecontent and
graphical form of the map? What conventionsunderlie the graphical symbols
employed on the map?
⦿ Accuracy: How ‘accurate’ is the map? What are its standards ofaccuracy? Is
it a workable map?
⦿ Space: What is the scale of the map? What conception of spaceis the map
based upon? What is the maps worldview?
⦿ Ethics: Is it an ethical map? What are the wider social politicaland economic
implications on the space being mapped? Howmight the map change nature
and perceptions of the space thatit maps?
Aspekty
⦿ Propaganda
⦿ “Petersova” projekce
⦿ Historie symbolu
• Linie – povrch - objem
Kritika kritiky
⦿ Podsouvání úmyslů tam kde nejsou
• Mnoho oblastí kde mapa neslouží k demostraci
• Anachronismus
• Mnoho okolností nesouvisí se vznikem mapy
⦿ Přílišná generalizace