Jiří Palát
Modern Methods for Analyses of Organic Pollutants
recetox logo.jpg logo muni.jpg

}Introduction
}Applications of bisphenols
}Bisphenol A and its alternatives
}Exposure
}Intrumental methods
}Legislation
}Conlusions
}
}

}Ubiquitous organic compounds with 2 hydroxyphenyl groups
}Bisphenol A – the most common
}Other important bisphenols – B, F, S
}Pseudo-persistent polutants
}Endocrine disruptors
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bisphenol_S.svg/225px-Bisphenol_S.svg.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bisphenol_F.svg/225px-Bisphenol_F.svg.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bisphenol_A.svg/225px-Bisphenol_A.svg.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bisphenol_B.svg/225px-Bisphenol_B.svg.png
Výsledek obrázku pro kachnička
Bisphenol A
Bisphenol S
Bisphenol B
Bisphenol F

}Basic building blocks for polycarbonate plastics (70%) and epoxy resins (30%) }Polycarbonate
plastics:  returnable beverage bottles, infant feeding bottles, storage containers
}Epoxy resins: coatings and linings for food and beverage  cans
}
}
}
http://www.bisphenol-a-europe.org/uploads/images/1.jpg
http://www.bisphenol-a-europe.org/uploads/images/1.2.jpg
http://www.bisphenol-a-europe.org/uploads/images/1.8.jpg
http://www.bisphenol-a-europe.org/uploads/images/1.5.jpg
http://www.bisphenol-a-europe.org/uploads/images/1.4.jpg

}Use as monomer for plastic production since 1990s
}Global Bisphenol A production volume 2011: over 5 million tons
}Endocrine disruptor → estrogen activity
}Estrogen activity 5 times lower than 17β-estradiol
}Adverse effects: impact on sexual development, reproduction potency, health effect (especially
cancers of sexual organs but also cardiovascular diseases and diabetes)
}TDI by EFSA – 0,04 mg/kg of bodyweight per day
} *TDI – tolerable daily intake
}    EFSA – European Food Safety Authority

}Detected in several matrices:
} water
◦ soils and sediments
◦ sewage
◦ indoor dust
◦ food samples
◦ beverages
◦ thermal paper
◦ human blood, breast milk, urine
◦

Country
Sample size
Detection freq. (%)
Range
Refs.
Canned food (ng/g)




US
78
91
<2-730
Noonan et al. (2011)
US
97
59
<0,2-65
Schecter et al. (2010)
Canada
78
99
<0,6-534
Cao et al. (2010)
Japan
48
92
<1-842
Sajiki et al. (2007)
Korea
61
64
<3-136
Lim et al. (2009a)
Belgium
21
100
0,2-169
Geens et al. (2010)
Beverage cans (ng/ml)




Spain
11
64
<0,05-0,61
Gallard-Ayala et al. (2010)
Canada
69
100
0,03-4,5
Cao et al. (2009a)
Belgium
45
91
<0,02-8,1
Geens et al. (2010)
Portugal
30
70
<0,01-4,7
Cunha et al. (2011)




}Bisphenol S
◦Main alternative of bisphenol A
◦Higher thermal stability than bisphenol A
◦Use in production of baby bottles and thermal paper
}Bisphenol B
}Bisphenol F
◦

}Primary source through the diet
◦BPA in food and beverages accounts for the majority of daily human exposure
◦Leach into food from coatings and other consumer products
}Air, dust and water are other possible sources of exposure
}TDI by EFSA – 0,04 mg/kg of bodyweight per day
} *TDI – tolerable daily intake
}              EFSA – European Food Safety Authority
}
◦

}HPLC-MS
}HPLC-MS/MS
}GC-MS
}GC-MS/MS
◦With various ionization techniques
}

}Regulation EU 10/2011 on plastic materials and food contact materials
–BPA is permitted for use in food contact materials in the European Union (EU)
–a national restriction on the use of BPA in all food contact materials – France
–A national restrictions on the use of BPA in food contant materials for children – Sweden,
Denmark, Belgium
}Directive 2011/8/EU restricting the use of bisphenol A in plastic infant feeding bottles

}Summer 2016 – demand to identify as an SVHC based on the reprotox 1B classification }August 2016 -
reprotox 1B classification entered into force
}March 2018 - reprotox 1B for BPA will apply
}
}Not for BPA as an intermediate!
}Not direct impact for manufacture uses of BPA (polycarbonate materials)
}
}          *SVHC – substances of very high concern

}Don’t microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers
}Reduce your use of canned foods
}Choose glass, porcelain or stainless steel containers
}Use BPA free baby bottles

}Widespread problem - BPA and its alternatives deserve special attention
}Much more focus on analysis in human matrices
}Focus on toxicological effects of bisphenols, especially on its alternatives }Really lack of data
on toxicological informations of alternatives
}
}
}