Where are you from? Start the presentation to see live content. Forscreen share software, share the entire screen. Get help at pollev.com MUNI RECETOX E0321 Sustainable Development Michal Bittner, Ph.D. RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Lenka Suchánková, MSc. RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno, Czechia What are your expectations from this course 7 Development of society -whatdoes it mean? WNESXZ I ZPRAVODAJSTVÍ Domácí Zahraničí Krimi Kraje Ekonomika Kuřtura Finance = V Česku se žije Líp než v USA, v kvalitě života jsme 24. ze 149 zemí 18. září 2019 7:17. aktualizováno 8:42 Česko je v kvalitě života podle nového indexu společnosti Deioitte na 24. místě. Společnost sestavuje žebříček ze 149 hodnocených zemí. Oproti loňsku si Česká republika polepšila o dvě příčky, je i před USA. Prvenství udržeLo Norsko, na druhé místo poskočilo Dánsko, bronz obhájilo Švýcarsko. Nejhůř se žije lidem v Africe. Rekíarna ilustrační snímek | foto: Jan Pešek. MF DNES Na konci hodnoceni'se umístily africké státy Čad či Středoafrická republika a poslední je Jižní Súdán. Žebříček sestavuje společnost Deioitte každoročně s SOCIAL PROGRESS SUMMARY Czech Republic <> Embed Download map Social Progress Tier Czech Republic See scorecard Score 84.36 Rank 24 Dimensions basic human needs foundations of well bei no 95.85 82.52 Highest component scores Water and Sanitation Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Shelter Access to Basic Knowledge Personal Rights Lowest component scores InclusivenesB Access to Advanced Education Environmental Quality Health end Wellness Personal Freedom and Choice iriLurnpieLe opportunity 74.72 99 71 98.11 97.34 96.77 92.71 59.85 64.60 72.88 78.27 81.74 See scorecard Czech Republic Social Progress Index GDP PPP per capita score/value 84.36/100 $33,414 rank 24/149 30/149 The scorecard highlights a country's relative strengths and relative weaknesses compared to 15 pear countries with a slmriar GDP per capita. Elements or the Social Progress Index are marked with a blue dot where the country performs comparatively well, a red dot wha 'e I: oeromr s 'el;t\e y ooo'ly, a yellow dot where Its partdrmance Is average tor ns- peer group, and a g ray dot when there Isnt sufficient data to make a Judgment. Elements martted with a blue ring are areas where tie country slightly over-performs while areas where Vie courrtry slightly under-perlorms are narked wrm a red ring. ICO * wlufl rank strength' whH rank Basic Human Needs 95. S5 15 o Foundations of Wellbting S2.52 31 Nutrition and Basic Medical Care 58.11 17 Access to Basic Knowledge Adult literacy rate 96.77 99.00 12 1 Undernourishment 2.50 1 Primary school enrollment No data Matamal mortality rate 5.42 15 Secondary school enrollment 91.00 33 Child mortality rate 3.30 12 Gender partly In secondary enrollment 1.01 1 Child stunting 377 26 Access to quality education 3.75 9 Dear/is nam In'ectlous drseases J3 35 27 Access to Information and 83.15 43 Water and Sanitation 9971 17 Communications Access to at least Oast drinking water II 11 27 Mobile telephone subscriptions 119.01 1 Internet users 73.72 36 Access to ploed water 11-1 21 Access to online governance 0.62 35 Access to at least base sanitation faclirues 99.'3 26 Media censorship 3.48 29 Rural open defecation 0.00 1 Health and Wellness 78.27 31 Shelter 97.34 20 0 Life expectancy at60 22.12 47 Access to elerthclty 100.00 1 Premature deaths from non-communicable drseases 295.47 50 Quality at electricity supply 6.50 17 • Access to essential services Bfl.fll 29 Household air pollution attributable deaths 0.96 44 Access to quality healthcare 3.53 21 Access to clean fuels and technology fbr cooking 97.13 42 • Environmental duality 72.8B 50 Personal Safety 98.25 16 o Outdoor air pollution attributable deaths 27.47 76 Property crime rate 0.61 11 Greenhouse gas emissions 13 5 15 67 Perceived crlmrnalrty 2.00 8 Blame protection 17.00 1 Po It'cal M lings and torture 0.95 15 iranc deaths 774 30 K'? ■ I vfn^nKS O Opportunity ECMErT , ■«lue 74.72 24 Personal Rights 9271 30 Political rights 36.00 31 Freedom of expression 0.93 27 Freedom of religion 3.46 70 Access to Justice 0.95 21 Property rtghts for women 4jBB 7 Personal Freedom and Choice 8174 21 Vulnerable employment 13.91 45 Early marriage 0.00 1 Satisfied demand for contraception 85.20 22 Corruption 59.00 33 Incluslveness 59.85 37 Acceptance of gays and lesbians 43.59 33 Discrimination and violence against minorities 4.80 47 Eq ua llty of political power by gender 2.24 57 Eq ua llty of political power by socioeconomic position 2.57 42 Eq ua llty of political power by social group 3J05 32 Access to Advanced Education 64.60 10 rs-ars of tertiary schooling 2.93 47 Women's average years In school 12J60 16 G lobalry ran fced u nlversltles 16.00 23 Percent ortertlary students enrolled In globally ranked unlversftles 65.00 5 Which global social challenges do you consider the most urgent? Access to Basic Knowledge Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Personal Rights Personal Freedom and Choice Environmental Quality Water and Sanitation Access to Advanced Education Personal Safety Inclusiveness Water and Sanitation Access to Information and Communications Shelter Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. Get help at pollev.com/app u ^ Our Work D Millennium Development Goals Our Perspective Home Tlie Millennium Development Goals Eight Goals for 2015 1 Erad icate extreme poverty and hunger 2 Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women 4 Reduce child mortality 5 I m prove matema I hea Ith Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria * and other diseases Ensure environmental susta inability Develop a global partnership for development Final assessment of progress toward achieving the MDGs The most successful anti-poverty movement in history The Millennium Development Goais Report 2015 An inspiring framework that has led to many successes in numerous development areas since 2000 The successes of the MDG agenda prove that global action works. It is the only path to ensure that the new development agenda leaves no one behind Photo: © UNICEF/Syed Altaf Ahfnad Share of population living in extreme poverty, 2019 Extreme poverty is defined as Iivirig belowthe I ntematfona I Poverty LirieofS2A5r^rday.Thisdataisadjustedforintlationandfordifferencesinthe cast of living between countries World No data 0% 3% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source; World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform Note; This data is measured in international-$ at 2017 prices. Depending on the country andyear, it relates to disposable income or consumption per capita. ^ 1967 CHART MAP TABLE SOURCES ± DOWNLOAD CC BY 2021 The number of people in extreme poverty - including projections to 2030 Extreme poverty is defined by the international poverty line* as living on less than Si.yo/day. This is measured by adjusting' for price changes over Lime and lor price dillcrences between countries (PPP adjustment), l-'rmn zor} lo 2010 the World Hank's projections are shown. 1.9 billion people lived in extreme poverty in 1990 (36% of the world population) Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Other high Europe and Central Asia 1990 Our World in Data 1.9 Billion 1.5 Billion 1 Billion 730 million in 2015 (9.9% of the world population) 650 million in 2018 500 Million 479 million in 2030 2030 Data source: World Bank data from 1990 to 2015. The projections from 2015 to 2030 are published in the World Bank report Poverty and Shored Prosperity 2018. This is a visualization from OurWorldinData.org, where you find data and research on how the world is changing. Licensed under CC-BY by the author Max Roser. E RA Ol CAT E EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER Poverty rates have been more than halved Goal: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Extreme poverty rate in developing countries 1990 201b PHHMH 4/% Global number of extreme poor c o c — £ — E IN DEVELOPING REGIONS H 5 7 MILLION CHILDREN REMAIN OUT OF SCHO MDGMOMENTUM WITH YOUR COMMUNITY! Out-of-school children of primary school age by world region Children in the official primary school age range who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Our World in Data 100 million SO million 60 million 40 million 20 million Source: World Bank D Relative 2000 2005 2010 — South Asia North America Middle East& North Africa Latin America & Caribbean East Asia & Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa 2014 CCBY CHART DATA SOURCES r l b j ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION Tremendous progress has been made since 2000 in enrolling children in primary school Goal: Achieve universal primary education The developing regions' primary school net enrolment rate has reached 91 per cent in 2015, up from 83 percent in 2000. Adjusted net enrolment rate* in primary education, sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania, 1990, 2000 and 2015 (percentage) Sub-Saharan Africa 52 60 The target is close to being reached in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. Greatest progress in primary school enrolment among all developing regions occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Oceania 6* 1990 2000 2015 projection * Adjusted net enrolment rate is defined dsthe number of pupils ol the oflicial age for primary education enrolled either in primary or secondary school, expressed as a percentage ol the total population in that age Rroup. Note: 2000 figure for Oceania is rot available. ® When poll is active, respond at poUev.com/Lindan443 )'i Text LINDAN443 to +420 736 350 959 once to join Do you like going to school? Yes, of course! It depends on what subject. Yes, but not because of the Lectures;-) No! I hate school, but want a degree;-( None of the above Start the presentation to see live content, Forscreen share software, share the entire screen. Getheipatpoliev.com/app THE MlLLEMMIUM DEVELOPMENT COALS (MDGd ARE THE VI MOST SUCC E LP L G LO &AL A NTI - PO V E RTY PUSH IN HJ^Ojji AjT AS WE APPROACH THE 201S TARGET DATE OF THE fJD^j^H^^^ LET'S RALLY OUR WORLD to STEP UP £ MDCMOM E NT UM UALITV AND I POWER WOP o THE WORLD H ACHIEVED EQUALITY A : IN MAI COUiNF WOMEN STILL FACETS DISCRIMINATIONS Q A££ESS TO *jft £>" b IUCATION. WORK ID PARTICIPATION*^^ DECISION-MAKING Girls should learn history. And make it COURAGE is m you. Pass It On ►com PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN The developing regions have reached gender parity in primary, secondary and tertiary education Goal: Promote gender equality and empower women The developing regions as a whole have achieved the target to eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary and tertiary education. n Southern Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys in 1990. Today, 103 girls are enrolled for every 100 boys. Women have gained ground in parliamentary representation in nearly 90 per cent of the 174 countries with data over the past 20 years. Gender parity index* for gross enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Southern Asia and the developing regions. 1990, 2000 and 2015 Southern Asia 2000 2015 q I 0 Developing regLn 5 too « O 2000 2015 r I -1 04 0j6 08 LD ft Primary O Secondary 2015 Target - Gender parity index between 0.97and 1.03 2 -1 1,1 t Tertiary ' The gender parity index is defined as the ratio of the female gross enrol nrent ratio to the male gross enrolment ratio for each level of education. HE NAMED ME MALALA MDG if .14,000 FFEWER 1 IS) BEFORETHEIR FIFTH &IRTHDAT SHARE tfMDCMOMENTUM WITH YOUR COMMUNITY! Child mortality rate, 2020 The share of newborns wtio die before reaching the age of five. Our World in Data World No data 0% 0.5% 1% 2% 5za 10% 20% 50% Source:UN tntef-agencyGroupforChiId MortaIity Estirnstion [via WorId Bank) OurWorldInData.org/chrid-mortality • CC BY Note: The child mortal ity rate expresses the pnoba bN ity or a chN d borrt i n a specific year or period dyl ng before reaching the age of 5 ye a rs, if subject to age-specifi c mortality rates of that pe rf od. This is given as the share, of I ive births. ^ 1960 Number of child deaths The number of children dying before reaching the age of five. Our World in Data ©Add country 12 million 10 million 8 million 6 million World 4 million 2 million 0 i-1-1-1-1-1-1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Source: UN Inter-agency Group for Chi Id Mortality Estimation {via World Bank) OurWorldlnData-orgithild-mortality/" CC BY »> 1990 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^—^^^3 2020 CHART MAP TABLE SOURCES i, DOWNLOAD < REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY Dramatic decline in preventable child deaths is one of the most significant achievements in human history Goal: Reduce child mortality i \ A iff * , I Photo: © UNICEF/Esiebo Global number of deaths of children under five WWWWWW 1990 8808080 ™"on W W W W W W 6 2015 QQQQQO million Since the early 1990s, the rate of reduction of under-five mortality has more than tripled globally. The global under-five mortality rate has declined by more than half, dropping from 90 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births between 1990 and 2015. Measles vaccination helped prevent nearly 15.6 million deaths between 2000 and 2013. MEWS Anti-Vaccine Movements Not Unique to the U.S. Skepticism about vaccinations abounds in other countries as well. By Teresa Welsh, Staff Writer | Feb. 18,2015, at 12:01 a.m. f *f & B ... GOOD Audi Service I MEASLES. Mi*' HU6ELLA VIRUM Výměna brzdových destiček a kotoučů vpředu 7 750 Kč (___ L ———1 Více o nabídce fpna nrn Anri i Ad ( Jflflfil ? n im ,ŕ iiMH Child mortality - „natural" solution of population growth?? - in past ages, high infant mortality, diseases and wars prevented the population growth Women don't want more children, but more for their children (R. Engelman) One-child policy (China) - 1979 -2015 - circa 400 million children not born - ethical and socio-economical consequences - was it really necessary? Demoqraphical transition In the 1970s, the government of Bangladesh offered people in the Matlab region low-cost contraceptive supplies and advice. Birth rates promptly fell well below neighbouring regions. So Bangladesh extended the service nationally and its birth rate plummeted from six children per woman to three. Given the choice, people want fewer children. Child mortality - „natural" solution of population growth?? - dříve vysoká novorozenecká úmrtnost, nemoci a války Women don't want more children, but more for their children (R. Engelman) One-child policy (China) - 1979 -2015 - circa 400 million children not born - ethical and socio-economical consequences - was it really necessary? „Voluntarv" One-child policy - Rich-North countries - result of demographic transition Pnpulritinn, Natur™ nud Whnt Wnnftn Want Robert I Eng^man' Income x birthrate Bubbles FACTS TEACH ABOUT HOW TO USE Share English o per person [GDP/capitap PPPS inflation-adjusted] 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Income t 16k 32k 54k INCOME LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 ♦ LEVEL 3 LEVEL A Color o Select World Regions ▼ Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Size Population Zoom Q Q, Q, C OPTIONS PRESENT EXPAND www.qapminder.org »EVELOPMENT GOAL THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT COALS (,^DGt] ARE THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GLOBAL ANT l-POVERTY PU&H in l-; l^lORY. AS WE APPROACH THE. 2QIB TAHG-EI DATE OF THE MDGi, LEPS PALLY OUR RLO TO STEP UP DGMOME N TU M MATERNAL MORTALITY FELL 147% ; SINCE 1990 O N LYnALF OF WOMEN tN DEVELOPING REGIONS RECEIVE RECOMMENDED DURING PREGNANCY. MDGMOMENTUM WITl-l YOUR COMMUNITY! Global maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) 1990 200-0 2033 Global births attended by skilled health personnel 80% 70% - 60% - Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 45 per cent worldwide, and most of the reduction has occurred since 2000. More than 71 per cent of births were assisted by skilled health personnel globally in 2014, an increase from 59 per cent in 1990. 59% J- 1990 2014 li-it MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMEN MOST SUCCESSFUL GLOBAL ANT AS WE APPROACH THE LET'S RALLY OUR WORLD 80% O F MALÁRIA DEATH'S OCCUR IN JUST 14 COUNTRIES JISEA5ES Goal: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Number of insecticide treated mosquito nets delivered in sub-Saharan Africa. 2004-2014 I I 900 million Mosquito net icon: by Luis Praoo from thenounprojoct.com Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. More than 900 million insecticide-treated mosquito nets were delivered to malaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2004 and 2014. Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. s COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAR 14 AND OTHER DISEASES HIV infections fell in many regions of the world Goal: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases New HIV infections fell by approximately 40 per cent between 2000 and 2013, from an estimated 3.5 million cases to 2.1 million. By June 2014, 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally, an immense increase from just 800,000 in 2003. ART averted 7.6 million deaths from AIDS between 1995 and 2013. Number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy, 2003-2015, number of deaths from AIDS-related causes and number of people newly infected with HIV 2001-2013 (millions) 2GOT 2003 2005 2007 2009 2013 201S (project ion) — People receiving ART — Projection ■ UN Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS ART target (15 mi»n) — People newly infected with HIV — People dying Irom HIV-reiated causes Which disease kills the most infants year? Malaria Tuberculosis Diarrhea AIDS Pneumonia Start the presentation to see live content. Forscreen share software, share the entire screen. Get help at pollev.com/app © Respond at PollEv.com/lindan443 u Which disease kills the most infants per year? Malaria Tuberculosis Diarrhea AIDS Pneumonia 266,000 250,000 480,000 120,000 900,000 THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT COALS (MDGil ARE THE WiO&T SUCCESSFUL CLONAL ANTI-POVERTY PUSH IN HiSTOGY AS WE APPROACH THE 201S TARGET DATE OF THE MDG*. LETS RALLV OUR WORLD TO STEP UP ft JVl D G M O M E hlTU M 3 M II QP ff ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSrAlNAHILIfY Safe drinking water and ozone protection targets met Goal: Ensure environmental sustainability In 2015, 91% of the global population is using an improved drinking water source, up from 76% in 1990- the target was met 5 years ahead of the 2015 deadline. Of the 2.6 billion people who have gained access to improved drinking water sincel 990, 1.9 billion gained access to piped drinking water on premises. Ozone-depleting substances have been virtually eliminated since 1990, and the ozone layer is expected to recover by the middle of this century. 1.9 billion people have gained access to piped drinking water since 1990 23 billion 4.2 billion a Ü 199G 2015 98% of ozone-depleting substances eliminated since 1990 Death rate from unsafe water sources, 2019 Esti mated annual number of deaths attributed to unsafe water sources per 100.GO0 people. Our World in Data World No data 0 10 25 50 100 250 500 I r^M ^^^^^^^ Source: IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2019) OurWorldInDats.org/water-aotess ■ CC BY Note: To all ow com pa risons over ti me a ná between col ntr ies with d ifferent age-p rofi les t bis rate is age-sta nda rd ized. ■Q 2019 CHART MAP TABLE SOURCES ± DOWNLOAD ■5 Death rate from unsafe water sources, 1990 to 2019 Estimated annual number of deaths attributed to unsafe water sources per 100,000 people. Our World in Data African Region (WHO) South-East Asia Region (WHO) 20 1990 1995 2000 =* Region of the Americas (WHO} European Region (WHO) North America (WB) 2005 2010 2015 2019 Source: IHME. Global Burden of Disease (2019) OurWorldlnData.org/water-access • CC BY Note: To allow comparisons over time and between countries with different age-profiles this rate is age-standardized. ^ 1990 O O 2019 CH^RT MAP TABLE SOURCES ± DOWNLOAD GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT Global improvements in official development assistance, mobile-cellular subscriptions and internet penetration Goal: Develop a global partnership for development Official development assistance (ODA) $135 billion m biiiim 2000 20-4 Internet penetration 43% 6% 2000 2015 ODA increased by 66% in real terms between 2000 and 2014, reaching $135.2 billion. The number of mobile-cellular subscriptions has grown almost tenfold in the last 15 years: from 738 million to over 7 billion (2000-2015). Internet penetration has grown from just over 6 per cent of the world's population in 2000 to 43 per cent in 2015-- translating to 3.2 billion people linked to a global network. Leaving no one behind Climate change and environmental degradation undermine progress achieved What impressed you the most today? Start the presentation to see live content, Forscreen share software, share the entire screen, Get help at pollev.com/app