Methods in developmental biology Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster - common fruit fly (Diptera) Life cycle female male • short generation time: the shortest, seven days at 28 °C (30 °C: 11 days; 18 °C: 19 days; 12 °C: 50 days) • lifespan 30 days at 29 °C • high number of model animals: females produce about 500 eggs in 10 days • embryonic development • embryonic development (comm.) • Eric Wieschaus talks: Patterning Development in the Embryo 3rd instar larva 48 hod Advantages of Drosophila model • one of the most studied organisms • ease of breeding, space-saving, low cost • well-known fate of individual cell populations • genetically tractable • at the molecular and cellular level, many developmental processes are similar to other species • the basic model of eukaryotic genetics, embryogenesis, studies of maternal and homeotic genes, sex determination • 4 pairs of chromosomes: female XX (1X:1A), male XY (1X:2A) • haploid genome: 1.65 x 108 base pairs • fertilization occurs in the oviduct, the eggs are laid as diploid • superficial cleavage of eggs • recombination occurs only in females What do we need for fly handling? • vials / bottles with caps • fly food (water, yeast, syrup or sugar, agar, mashed potato powder or soy flour, ascorbic acid, fungicide Nipagin); formerly, crushed banana peel with yeast • brushes and pad for manipulation • anesthesia (C02, cold, ether, FlyNap® Anesthetic Kit) • stereomicroscope FlyBase - gene database and availability of fly lines C»raXK^TCCyrAAGATACK:C*AATATTATTATTCrrTC*GJkTACTC*l FB2017_06: released Dec 31, 2017 A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes Downloads Community Species Ě D.»elanogaster D.virilis A.asllifera BLAST G Browse Archives A nt i bodies AiiaE*= Interactions RNAi CRISPR CDNAsStocks Resources ON OFF RNA-Seq GO PHENOTYPE ANATOMY DISEASE MORE Vocabularies J2G -r Jump to Gene ImageBrowse FIELD DATA L sequence 1 'Ol Batch Download FlyBase 2.0: It's here! © A FlyBase needs your help! The NHGRI/NIH is significantly reducing the funding of FlyBase by 15% next year (which, with rising costs is normalized to 20%), and ; (normalized to 30%) onward. With these cuts, we will not be able to deliver high quality, essential curation and tools. We are calling on help by implementing a scaled user fee within the next month. Please note: access to FlyBase is not contingent upon contribution payment is at your discretion. Our goal is simply to put a mechanism in place to raise funds. QuickSearch FAST-TRACK YOUR PAPER FLYBASE NEWS FLY BOARD Human Disease it GAL4 etc Expression Phenotype References Search FlyBase Orthologs Protein Domains Gene Groups GO Data Class Enter text: http://flybase.org/ FlyExpress - gene expression maps FlyExpress 7 Home Search the Image Database Search our extensive digital library database for in situ embryonic images. Search by gene symbol: to Search using a PubMed ID: " Search using an image ID: © FBim "\\ Search using keywords: © Search using ontology: © [ BDGP 1 Fly-FISH adult foregut precursor adult hindgut precursor adult midgut precursor adult muscle precursor primordium adult salivary primordium amnioserosa Go Go Go Go Go Search for Co-Expressed Genes Genomewide Expression Maps (GEMs) provide spatially aggregated levels of genome-wide expression for each pixel at a given stage and orientation. Click any GEM to begin your fine-tuned search for co-expressed genes. ® BDGP Fly-FISH PubMed Stages Lateral Dorsal Ventral 1-3 mm sä«* 4-6 ^9 7-S 9-10 tm* zm» 11-12 Mr 13-16 O O % of Genes http://www.flyexpress.net mm Analyze Gene Lists Enter a list of Drosophila melanogaster gene symbols or FlyBase FBgn accessions. Separate entries with commas, spaces, or line breaks. Submit Upload a list (TXT or CSV) of gene symbols or FBgn accessions. ® Vybrat soubor Soubo...vybrán Upload File «II* V FlyMove - developmental processes A...'O...ft...0...