Ekotoxikologie rybích modelů
BM pro MU
Diagrammatic representation of morphology and development of embryonic and
larval periods of typical teleost (modified from Jones et al. (1978))
Sequence showing
morphological changes
separating larval fish into
phases, (Drawings from Jones et
al. (1978).) Protolarva: (a) Just
hatched with large yolk
sac and complete median fin fold;
(b) yolk almost gone approaching
shift to exogenous food, median
fin fold still complete. Mesolarva.
Feeding on exogenous food and
distinct fin rays apparent in
median fin folds. Metalarva: (a)
Rays in median fins well
developed and pelvic fin bud just
apparent; (b) fins well developed,
but preanal median fin fold still
present. Juvenile: Full
complement of fins and no
median fin folds remaining.
Ekotoxikologické parametry je nutno používat
PROMYŠLENĚ- mění se během ontogeneze
* Morfologické parametry (máme definovaný materiál??? Stáří, pohlaví,
genotyp....)
* Délka
* Hmotnost
* Vývoj orgánů
* Malformace, atd.
* Behaviární ­ chování jedinců a populací
* Rychlost, směr, plynulost plavání
* Chování v hejně
* Lovná aktivita, příjem potravy
* Rozmnožovací aktivita,... ,,odchylky od normálu"
* Biochemické parametry
* Vysoce citlivé
* Nedostatek srovnávacích dat- ...co je normál, kontrola??
* Variabilita v populaci a v průběhu ontogeneze
Acetylcholiresterase activity
of rainbow trout embryo
homogenate during
development. Activity is
expressed as microliters of C02
disolved per 100 mg of egg
(wet weight) per hour.
Adrenalin (A) and
noradrenalin (NA)
contents in embryos
and larvae of rainbow
trout in relation to body
weight (wet).
Each point represents
the average for 6-12
animals.
One-day posthatch larval
Fundulus, approximately X 13.
(a) Control; (b-d) treated with
0.02 mg/I methyl mercury in
ovo, showing that inability to
uncurl after hatching (b and d)
can occur independently of
craniofacial anomalies (c and
d). (Modified from Weis and
Weis (1997).)
Effects of
toxaphene on
structure of
fathead minnow
backbones.
(a and b) Radio
graphs
representative of
fish exposed to 55
ng/I toxaphene; (c)
control fish. Arrows
point to areas of
backbone affected.
Endocrine linked gonadal
responses in Japanese
Medaka
Stage 36 Right lateral view x25
Hepatocellular carcinoma in center of liver from medaka exposed to
10mg/L diethylnitrosane and sampled at 6th month.
Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Note uniformity od cells in
carcinoma and evenness of border between lesion and normal liver. From a
guppy exposed to acetylaminofluorene and sampled at 24 mo.
Increasing concentrations of a developmental toxicant. The effects of
increasing concentration of the teratogen hydroxyurea. Note that
as the concentration increases, the malformations become more
severe. Concentrations from top to bottom are control, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.7
mg/ml. (Photo by M. A. Hull.)