MODULARIZACE VÝUKY EVOLUČNÍ A EKOLOGICKÉ BIOLOGIE CZ. 1.07/2.2.00/15.0204 Mammaliologie II. Ďiverzita savců INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ 5 416 recentních druhů (2009) Nové objevy, popisy a nálezy New discoveries, deceptions and finds Podle: Jan Hošek, 2007: Saola aneb nej větší zoologické objevy posledních let. Scientia, Praha 2007, 215str skupina odhad počtu známých druhů počet vymřelých druhů počet ohrožených druhů savci (Mammalia) 5416 70 1093 ptáci (Aves) 9934 135 1206 plazi („Reptilia") 8240 22 341 obojživelníci (Amphibia) 5918 34 1811 svaloploutví (Sarcopterygii) 8 0 1 paprskoploutvé ryby (Actinopterygii) 26848 80 1058 paryby (Chondrichthyes) 970 0 110 kruhoústí (Cyclostomata) 108 0 2 celkem 57442 342 5621 o o ľO o o üj o Q O o o o en o o N N N m< O m 1758 ä 1769 1770 ä 1779 1730 ä 1789 1790 ä 1799 1800 ä 1809 1810 ä 1819 1820 ä 1829 1830 ä 1839 1840 ä 1849 1850 ä 1859 1360 ä 1869 1870 ä 1879 1380 ä 1389 1890 ä 1399 1900 ä 1909 1910 ä 1919 1920 ä 1929 1930 ä 1939 1940 ä 1949 1950 ä 1959 1960 ä 1969 1970 ä 1979 1930 ä 1989 1990 ä 1993 Kopytníci od roku 1900 (Ungulates) 1901 okapi pruhovaná (Okapia johnsfoni) - Kongo, Uganda (6iraff idae) mazama yucatánský (Mazama pandord) - Mexiko (Cervidae) chocholatka Weynsova (Cephalophus weynsi) - Afrika (Bovidae) chocholatka ruwensorská {Cephalophus rub/dus) 1903 antilopka zakrská (Neotragus batesi) - rovníková Afrika (Bovidae) 1904 prase pralesní (Hylochoerus meinerfzhageni) - tropická Af r. (Suidae) 1908 mazama venezuelský {Mazama bricenii) - J Amerika (Cervidae) 1910 nyala horská (Tragelaphus buxfoni) - J Etiopie (Bovidae) anoa horský (Bubalus quarlesi) - Ce\ebes (Bovidae) 1911 dikdik somálský (Madoqua piacentinii) - Somálsko (Bovidae) 1914 goral Červený (Nemorhaedus baileyi) - Tibet, Barma (Bovidae) 1918 chocholatka zanzibarská {Cephalophus adersi) - V Afrika 1929 kabar Berezovského (Moschus berezovskii) - J Čína, S Vietnam (Moschidae) 1930 pekari WagnerQv (Cafagonus wagneri), fosilie, objev 1974, Lazarus taxon, JAm (Tayassuidae) 1932 muntžak Rooseveltův (Muntiacus rooseveltorum) - J Asie (Cervidae) 1935 gazela dlouhorohá (Gazelia saudiyá), Ex, Arabský poloostrov (Bovidae) 1937 kuprej {Bos sauveli) - Zadní Indie (Bovidae) 1959 mazama zakrslý (Mazama chunyi) - Bolivie (Cervidae) 1963 nahur Schaeferův (Pseidois schaeferi) - hory,Jang-c'-ťiang, Čína (Bovidae) 1981 kabar čínský {Moschus ruscus) - Cína (Bovidae) 1982 muntžak žlutý (Muntiacus atherodes) - Borneo (Cervidae) 1985 gazela jemenská (Gazelia bilkis) - Jemen (Bovidae) 1987 prase floreské (Sus heureni) - J Asie (Suidae) 1990 muntžak gongšanský (Muntiacusgongshanensis) - J Asie (Tibet, Čína), (Cervidae) 1992 saola (Pseudoryx nghefinhensis) - Vietnam-Laos (Bovidae) 1994 muntžak obrovský (Megamunfiacus vuquangensis) - Vietnam-Laos (Cervidae) lyrorožec - ling (Pseudonovibos spiralis) - Vietnam, Kambodža (Bovidae) 1996 mazama bororo (Mazama bororó) - J V Brazílie (Cervidae) 1997 muntžak černý (Muntiacus truongsonensis) - stř. Vietnam (Cervidae) 1999 muntžak listový (Muntiacusputaoensis) - Myanmar (Barma) (Cervidae) 2003 buvolec zambijský (Dama/iscussuperstes) - Zambie, Kongo (Bovidae) 2005 kančil cejlonský (Moschiola kathygré) - Sri Lanka (Tragulidae -kanč Movití) voduska konžská (Cobus anselli) - Kongo (Bovidae) 2008 jelínek mazamu (Mazama ochroleuca) - Amazónie (Brazi I ie)(Cervidae) 100 0.34 72 J 00 LOO LOO • Bison bison (American bison) -Bos srwiaicfis Cyai) ■ Bison bonasus (European bison) ,DQ 124339 I Bos laurus 100 I 9 J AF492.n50 CKMS rDQ124379 DQ12441S AY676S65 DQ124414 LLmau&in AY67ÖS55 AY67685S 12440S 124407 i. lawns (tmmpLess cattle) Cardamom ayj^mj97| b. f. /mfrrus (zebu) gaur MNHN J 00 CKM24 CKM4 J 376-535 CKM23 1940-51 Javan banteng ■Cambodian banteng 0 kouprey 21.V.1992 16:00 Vietnam Pseudoryx nghetinhensis - saola letters to nature tare 363,443 - 445 (03 June 1993}; doi:10.1038/36'3443afl A new species of living bovicl from Vietnam ■j. vJ#.J -Til 4^MHCUQ£< rdl . .tj. nCQL. ■ J -r. I - JO I > h . i l- i.h r, I i_" j-jj- Forest Hue itny -fhh■:I p lai i Hcj I unfit*. MHfc-tF. -:-t Fop my, Hai-:L Vktiam real lorCoise r.-TtJoi. i&ic^jtil t< Klliy. 175? 19 I LocKkart Poatl. '/■.Lqicbal. Hoiy Hoig Towiom cone* poide ice sken KM* addressed. IN May 1992 a joint survey by the Ministry of Forestry and World Wide Fund for Nature of the Vu Quang Nature Reserve, Ha tinh province, found three sets of Ions straight horns of a newhovid (Mammalia, ArtJodacryla^ in hunters' houses . None of the specimens had dentition On four follow-up visits by Vietnamese scientists new specimens were discovered and surveys of forests in neighb ouring Nghe anprovince revealed more localities and some partial specimens. In all, we have examined more than 20 specimens. Three have complete upper skulls and dentitions, two have lower jaws and dentitions. Three complete skins havebeen collected. The specimens are distinct in appearance, morphology and DNA sequence and cannotbe ascrfced to any known genus. Only two b ovid genera are known from this p art of Asia, Bos and Mz&morhedus = Capricomis A new genus and species are therefore Muntiacus vuquangensis - muntžak obrovský 1994 Muntiacus truongsonensis - muntžak černý 1997 Muntiacusputaoensis - muntžak listový 1999 Pseudonovibosspiralis- ling 1994 A Hassanin e* a\. i C R. Acad. 5a. Paris, Sciences de la vie / Life 5rience-.s 324 (20001 71 -90 Iraimilain Inniwilw ir ■■■■■i ■. .1. uclci kin C jlnthromt- 6 D - rnna | - luni . I jv/iVi ■ l : v-v: i i i Vi.v .v i_i i u Oifrwlfc lftA?W1 HW.Ti1: i'liVlj-: rrlL' giuilrv-a-hl-i AVjarA^uAnr A-ujpTiujniAu I'r-i.iM-.'.n'.1 in. n-il.rn-iii i m ., .'.inAliC T.-^,|piL-T ...vjl.' A'n-i Ai i vvn P-tvudLWnlvAL>I iPJ'.Ii'i-. rS'rn prujvmfJir Is W1 LA ■ ■ 13TI Ijt ft r fi'l ||UM is i I.mv..'. ..--.t ,■ ■ ■! V^'t/Al.uA™ cAirjirfn Cflinni jVA.nn^'ni'ii .Vrntrcqeuji (W.-ti AvV-n rn Lr rvirT.yi^mr ■Vi ■ ■■ .'■ I ■ L-.v ■ ■ i-i.i ■i rrhii Figure 1. Fhylogenetic tree reconstructedfrom the combination erf cytochrome b and laclof-errin sequence:. Shown is a bootstrap SO majority-rule consensus tree performed with tht- maximum parsimony 0SrtP> method [2d]. A nti'tocapra amen"-cana Ifamily Anlilocapridae}, Gertie; ttaphis and Ckiccoiteus Aemibrttss Ifamily Cervidaeli were used to root the bo/id Iree. The analyses-were conducted with either equal 'Knighting, or differential weighting of the nucleotide transformations (see section 5.2}. Bootstrap proportions- wwe compubed iter I 000 replicates. These are indicated below branches, lo the left of I he slash for Ihe weighted MP ana lysis and to Ihe right for the unweighted MP analysis. The type and position of the molecular signatures characteristic of the different groups of species li.e. exclusive synapomor-phiesl, are indicated on the branches asshowri in the key. Mosch tola kathygre - kanci I cejlonský 2005 Kytovci od roku 1900 (Cetacean, Whale) 1908 vorvaňovec australský {Mesoplodon bowdoini) 1912 sviňucha jižní {Ausfralophocaena diopfricá) 1913 vorvaňovec tmavý {Mesoplodon mirus) 1918 delfínovec čínský {Lipotes vexillifer) 1926 vorvaňovec Longmanův {Indocefuspacificus) 1934 delfín Graf f manův {Stenella graf f maní) 1937 vorvaňovec Shepherdův (Tasmacefus shepherdi) 1956 p Iís kavi ce saravac ká {Lagenodelphis hosei) 1958 vorvaňovec japonský {Mesoplodongingkodens) sviňucha kalifornská {Phocoena sinus) 1963 vorvaňovec kalifornský {Mesoplodon carlhubbsi) 1991 vorvaňovec peruánský {Mesoplodon peruvianus) 2002 vorvaňovec Perrinův {Mesoplodonperrini) - DNA 2003 plejtvák Omurův {Balaenoptera amurai) - DNA 2005 orcela tupoploutvá {Orcaella heinsohni) Letouni po roce 2000 2000 3 druhy 2001 6 druhů, v Evropě Myotis alcathoe - netopýr Alkathoe (menší, nymf in) 2002 8 druhů 2003 3 druhy 2004 10 druhů, Plecotusgaisleri- S Afrika, Pipistrellus hanaki - Libye 2005 13 druhů 2006 9 druhů 2007 1 druh Ostatní savci po roce 1990 1995 prase vietnamské (Sus bucculentus)- Laos, popis 1892, Lazarus taxon králík Timminsův (Nesolagus timminsi) - Laos 1996 khanyou (Laonastes aenigmaemus) -stř. Laos - skalní krysa (Laonastidae), Lazarus taxon, bazálni linie hystricognáthních hlodavců 1997 langur duk (Pygathrix nemaeus) - Vietnam (Čercopithecidae) cibetka tainguenská (Viverra tainguensis) - Vietnam, Annamity 2001 slon pralesní (Loxodonta cyclotis) - kryptický druh, DNA, dnes nepřijímán SAVCI - distribuce nových druhu objevených po 1992 Figure 2. Global distribution of new mammals described since 1992. The distribution is overlaid on currently recognised regions of high threat and irreplaceabilitv, Variable levels of shaditis indicate the number of dotal biodiversity conservation templates that prioritise the region (Brooks etal, 2005). Jižní Amerika Primáti 1998 CallithriX humiliS - kosman {Callithrichidae, drápkaté opice) 2000 Callithrix manicorensis Callithrix acariensis 2003 Callicebus bernhardi- tm {Cebidae- malpovití) Calicebus stephennashi ? Callicebus sp.nov. 1 Callicebus sp.nov. 2 Pithecia Sp.nov. 1 -chvostan Pithecia sp.nov. 2 SagUin USSp.nov. 1 - tamarín Sagu in us sp.nov. 2 AteleSSp.nov. 1 - chápan Atel essp.nov. 2 Cacajao Sp.nov. - uakari Lagothrix sp.nov. 1 - chápan Lagothrixsp.nov. 2 CallithriX Sp.nov. - kosman Callicebus sp. nov. - tit i Saimirisp.nov. - kotul Titi - 23 druhy Ostatní AgOUŤ/S^. nOV. - paka (Agoutidae) E/ľG Sp.noV. - hyrare, brazilská kuna (Mustelidae) NaSUa Sp.nOV\ - nosál (Procyonidae) MyrmeCOphagQS^.XXOM. - mravenečník (Myrmeco Pteronura Sp.noV. - vydra (Mustelidae) Panthera Sp.nOV. - jaguár (Felidae) 24.7. 1947, Tilburg, Holanďan žijící v brazilském Manau, primatolog http://www.marcvanroosmalen.org/news.htm NAMED NEW SPECIES Black-crowned dwarf marmoset Callibel la humilis Rio Acari Amazonian marmoset Mico (Callifhrix) acari ens is Satarě Amazonian marmoset Mico (Callifhrix) saterei Rio Manicoré Amazonian marmoset Mico (Callifhrix) manicorensis Stephen Nash's titi monkey Callicebus sfephennashi HRH Prince Bernhardt titi monkey Callicebus bernhard i Giant collared peccary Pecari maximus Van Roosmalen's dwarf porcupine Sphiggurus roosmalenorum Dwarf manatee Trichechuspygmaeus sp. nov. Lecythidaceae (Brazilnut Family) Lecyfhis oldemani sp. nov. Black dwarf lowland tapir Tapir us pygmaeus sp. nov. Van Tienhoven's fair brocket deer Mazama fi en ho ven isp. nov. NEW SPECIES SEARCH Arboreal giant anteater - Myrmecophaga sp. nov. White-throated black jaguar - Panthera sp. nov. Black giant otter - Pteronura sp. nov. Orange coati-munde - Nasua sp. nov. Orange tayra - Eira sp. nov. Black woolly monkey - Lagothrixsp. nov. Cruz Lima's saddleback tamarin monkey Saguinus (fuscicollis) cruzlimai sp. nov. Rio Pauinf white bald-headed uacari Cacajao (calvus) sp. nov. Rio Aripuana green-backed squirrel monkey Saimiri (ustus) sp. nov. Rio Mamuru titi monkey - Callicebus (moloch) sp. nov. Upper Xingu Amazonian marmoset monkey Mico (Callifhrix) sp. nov. Orange woolly monkey - Lagofhrixsp. nov. Long-limbed black spider monkey - Afeles sp. nov. Silvery bellied spider monkey - Afeles sp. nov. Eastern saddleback tamarin monkey Saguinus (fuscicollis) orienfalis sp. nov. Rio Purus collared titi monkey Callicebus (forauatus) sp.nov. Upper Rio Xingu titi monkey - Callicebus (moloch) sp. nov. Grey saki monkey - Pifhecia sp. nov. Southbank Rio Negro saki monkey Pifhecia (Pifhecia) sp. nov. A N KW S H KCl KS OK [J VING PKCCARY (MAMMALIA; TAYASSUl DA K) KROM T H K BRAZILIAN AMAZON Marcíj. M. VAN ROOÍSMALEN, l^thar FRTíNZ, Pi m VAK 1100FT, Ifens IL ľJF TQNUII & Herwig LEI RS Pecari maxi m us 2007 - nej větší pekari A NEW SPECIES OF LIVING MANATEE FROM THE AMAZON Shallow clear-water adapted dwarf manatee is already on the verge of extinction MarcG.M. van Roosmalen1, Pirn van Hooft1 & Hans H. de Iongh^ 1 AAPA Ma na us-Amazon as. Brazil * Wageningcn University and Research Centre, Resource Ecology Group, Bornsestecg 69,6708PD Wafceningen. The Netherlands 3 Leiden University, institute of Environmental Sciences, PO Box 951B, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands Wt (LtJ-r) The Rio Arauazinho harbors dwarf manatee and numerous other neu* mega-fauna species. Marc proposes this be the cornerstone for a new Brazilian National Park, Trichechus bernhardi 2007 - nejmensi kapustndk A NEW SPECIES OF LIVING BROCKET DEER (MAMMALIA: CERVIDAE) FROM THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON Marc G. M. VAN ROUS MALEN & Pirn VAN HOC FT Nene we report on the existence of a new species of even-toed ungulate in the Brazilian Amazon, which \vc name Mazama ochraieuca sp. nav., the fair brocket deer. It is intermediate in size he-tweenthetwo known species of brocket deer, Maxamn americana and Mozuma (gouazoupirxi) nemoriuaga, and occurs in sympatry with both. Preliminary mitochondrial partial cytochrome b sequences of fair brocket deer compared with that of t he sympatric and morphologically most related grey brocket deer {Mamma (gouazoupira) nemo rty BukobV Lake ^i^v,Ia Victorj KEN YA TANZANIA Protected Areas (re* authority on bDundai lesj 200 km ôalagoides udzungwensis - komba 1996 Congosorexphillipsorum - bělozubka 2005 Rhynchocyon udzungwensis Rathbun 2008 Ital Rovero - 2005 fotopasti, Dr. Rathbun - Kalifornská akademie věd - 2008 Af rotheria - Macroscelidea - bércoun = elephant shrew, 1 kg, 30 cm Národní prírodovedné ľOUZeUľn Paříž Genneta bour'/on/'2003 - ženetka Bourlonova coll. 1959 - podle kůže, stř. Z Afrika Neofelis nebulosa diardi - nový druh, pův. poddruh levharta obláČ kového Borneo 2006, 1/3 terestrických savců na Borneu - endemiti 1995 ...fotopasti Nesolagus netscheri - králík krátkouchý (Leporidae), Sumatra, od 1929 nezvěstný 1998: Nesolagus netscheri Nesolagus timminsi'2000 - králík Timminsův Trh v Laosu 1995 - Timmins, 2000 - popsán Rusy, endemit Anamitského pohoří na hranici Laosu a Vietnamu • ...fotopasti 1998 Pseudoryx nghetinhensis 2007 Munfiacus vuquangensis Bornejská kočkoliška (2003) 1. puchol hnědý Ďiplogale hosei(Viveridae) - netypické zbarvení 2. nový druh cibetky (2006) 3. poletucha Thomasova Aeromys Thomasi(Sciuridae) Meijaardef ai, MammalReview 2006 2003 Ďiplogale hosei- puchol hnědý (Borneo) 2006 Bdeogale Jackson/ - mangusta Jacksonova (Herpestidae) 2007 ůicerorhinus sumatrensis- nosorožec sumaterský 2008 Hexaprotodon liberiensis - hrošík liberijský 2003 Catopuma bad/a - kočka bornejská Nové čeledi na základě nálezů nových druhů 1905 Calomyscidae křečkové myší (také jako podceleď - Calomyscinae) - blízký a střední východ Laonastidae Laonastes aenigtnatnus 2005 - khanyou skalní krysa (Laos=kámen, skála - řecky, tajuplná skalní myš z Laosu) Laonastes aenigmamus (extant) Khammouan Province, Laos Ctenodactylidae Lipotidae 1918 Lipotes vexillifer- delfínovec čínský (ex. 2007) vymřelá čeleď Lipotidae (Irinnidae nebo Platanistidae) - delf ínovcovití Oaseonycteridae 1974 Craseonycteris thonglongyai netopýrek thajský Thy/acinus cynocephalus 1936 - ? Ďiverzita savců v Evropě Figure 1 Species richness of mammals across Europe. This illustrative map was prepared using Worldmap software and shows species richness (number of species per grid square) with one level of smoothing. The entire atlas dataset has been used, including introduced species. There are some differences between the Alias Flora Eumpaea UTM grid used by this software and the one used in the Atlas, particularly around the south-eastern borders of Europe and also in the treatment of some island groups.