1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif 1212570_28446780.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif MASARYK UNIVERSITY Brno – Czech Republic RECETOX HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Risk Assessment Process (U.S. EPA) Hazard Identification Exposure Assessment Toxicity Assessment Risk Characterization 4 Main parts of this methodology - Source: U.S. EPA It is important to note that both the exposure assessment (i.e., to how much a typical individual may be exposed) and the toxicity assessment (i.e., what are the health effects of that chemical at that dose) are used to determine the likelihood of harm from the situation being evaluated. 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif 1212570_28446780.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Advantage of this approach - Prediction of Exposure scenarios - Probability Of Cancer and Noncancer RISK ASSESSMENT - 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Step 1:Hazard Identification •Collect data on presence of chemical –Sampling –Modeling –Chemical fate and transport •Determine if chemical may be toxic •Develop model of how chemical may move through environment –Conceptual Site Model is used to organize information regarding chemicals and potential transport to people © Vermont DPS, 2000 AFCEE, 2002 sampling outdoor tap sampling level a drum 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Step #2: Exposure Assessment •Who is Exposed? –Adult, Child, Special Populations •How Are They Exposed? –Ingestion, Inhalation, Skin Contact •What is the Concentration of Chemical to Which They are Exposed? –ppm in Water or Soil •How Often Are They Exposed? –Days per year, Number of years • drinking child Prediction of Exposure scenarios - 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Putting it all together. . . •Intake Equation for Drinking Water Example –C= Chemical Concentration (Obtain from sampling) –CR= Contact Rate (2 liters water/day) –EF= Exposure Frequency (350 days/year) –ED= Exposure Duration (30 years) –BW=Body Weight (70 kg.) –AT= Averaging Time (10,950 days) 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Step 3: Toxicity assessment / Dose-Response Curve relationship Dose – Chemical concentration per unit body weight Response – Level of measured adverse effect Noncancer risks (noncancer chemicals) - Reference Dose – Chemical concentration per unit body weight without significant effects Graphic Source: http://ace.orst.edu/cgi-bin/mfs/01/tibs/doseresp.htm?69#mfs 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Relevant to Cancer risks (cancer chemicals) - !!! Databases of these RISK INDEXES - WEB - 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Step #4: Risk Characterization The risk characterization combines the information obtained on toxicity with the calculated exposure to provide an estimate of risk. Purdue, 1997 eco risk assessment diagram Purdue, 1997. Pesticides and Ecological Risk Assessment: History, Science, and Process. PPP-41. 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif Gama-HCH 7 PCBs DDT DDE DDD Total RISK (aditive sum of individual Chemical-risks) = expressed as a probability of health effects RISK = 1 - exp (-CDI * SF) RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Internal dose Chronic Daily Intake Cancer and Noncancer RISK ASSESSMENT -U.S. EPA probabilistic approach - Beta-HCH Alpha-HCH physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model Exposure scenario models [C] concentrations RISK = CDI / Rfd Cancer Noncancer - 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif 1409 Predicted level of toxicant in people Metabolism Accumulation Excretion Lung, intestine, and skin absorption rates Genetic predisposition Personal habits Lifestyle Overall health Nutritional health Food pesticide levels Soil/dust levels Water pollutant levels Air pollutant levels !!Emphasize!! Chemical stress is only ONE of all stresors and relevant PREDICTORS for final Human Health RISKs!! 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY GENASIS http://www.genasis.cz Detail description 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif IRIS http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm http://www.epa.gov/iris Obr. 1. Struktura aldrinu 309–00–2 example: (CAS, chemicals.. 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif http://www.inchem.org/ 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif http://www.inchem.org/ http://www.epa.gov/iris/ http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm http://www.epa.gov/srs/ http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/index.htm http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/ http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/601501001.html http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~sada/index.shtml http://www.iuclid.eu http://www.oehha.ca.gov/risk/ChemicalDB/index.asp http://rais.ornl.gov/tox/tox_values.shtml http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/index.html http://www.epa.gov/radiation/heast/ http://www.state.nj.us/dep/airmon/airtoxics/atrisk.htm http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/downloads/techman/1003.pdf http://www.deq.state.va.us/vrprisk/ http://www.piskac.cz/ETD/ http://www.tera.org/iter/ http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/database.html http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/index.htm http://www.intox.org/databank/index.htm http://www.chemdat.de/mda/index.html http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.html http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/ http://www.santel.lu/SANTEL/toxico/toxico.html#toxico http://www.reprotox.org/Login.aspx http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/ http://riskassessment.ornl.gov/hhra.cfm http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html http://www.tera.org/ http://www.epa.gov/ncct/dsstox/index.html http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/links.html http://www.nasdonline.org/ http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/idlh-1.html http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/nicstart.html http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/icstart.html http://npic.orst.edu/rmpp.htm http://extoxnet.orst.edu/ http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/vendors.html http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidheavy.jsp http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ehssoftserve.com/chem_cheminfo.htm http://www.epa.gov/risk/guidance.htm#models 1212569_21823227.jpg logo_mu_cerne.gif 17 Thank you for your attention logo_mu_cerne.gif