IMGS header_main florida tokyo
Mapping and Geospatial Solutions
Ingredients for
A Geospatially-Enabled
Knowledge Economy
Dr. Terry Keating
Map Middle East – April 2005

April 2005
Keating Geospatial Economy
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Session Intent
A knowledge economy has been defined by economists as the one in which the generation and
exploitation of knowledge plays the predominant part in the creation of wealth. According to some
economic observers the world is witnessing a transition towards Knowledge Economy. Geo-information
has become a key driver for the 'new knowledge economy' in the new millennium. Timely, adequate and
rational information forms the key tenet in any knowledge-based economy. Geo-information is
critical for social and economic development and hence a dedicated focus towards its inclusion and
use is crucial to embark upon a knowledge economy.
This plenary would call for building partnerships among the geospatial data producers and users
within the public, private and academic sectors.
It would also showcase the potential and significance of geo-information in business dynamics and
economic planning.
The plenary session would portray the role of geospatial information in enhancing aspects of
knowledge economy

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Today’s Discussion
(Geospatially Enabled Knowledge Economy)
1.Definition elements…
2.Required focus…
3.Technology enablers…
4.Examples…
5.Summary…
Examples use this color…

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World Development Report, 1999
§“…knowledge has become perhaps the most important factor determining the standard of living…
§…more than land, than tools, than labor…
§…Today's most technologically advanced economies are truly knowledge-based.”
•

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Definition Elements
(New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development)
1.Exploitation of knowledge plays the predominant part in the creation of wealth
2.Technology is key driver of economic growth
3.Associated with high-technology industries such as telecommunications and financial services
4.Society must have sufficient trained human capital
5.Knowledge workers include architects and bank workers, fashion designers and pharmaceutical
researchers, teachers and policy analysts.
6.Commodity easy to export
http://www.med.govt.nz/pbt/infotech/knowledge_economy/knowledge_economy-04.html

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Required Focus
(Ernst & Young – New Zealand Model)
1.National focus – with a sense of urgency
2.Vision with clear direction
3.Innovative, knowledge-based industries
4.Access to information superhighways
5.Fair, competitive marketplace
6.Avoid unnecessary regulation
7.

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2581-22
1.Food
2.Shelter
3.Opportunity
4.Security
5.Education
6.Equality
7.Freedom
•
Without fundamental rights in place, it is difficult to build knowledge based economies.
MA019S20 BF005S08 Click to view larger version of this photo education-kids-br equality
7912_equality

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USA Trends
1.Collaborative public and private sector development
2.Developments largely market driven with some government funding, particularly of R&D.
a.More than 60 % of workers are knowledge workers
b.Since 1980, 55 % of work force is in a new job
c.Two-thirds of new jobs in industries that pay more than the average wage
3.Value-added goods that incorporate technology and intellectual capacity that seldom compete on
price alone.
4.
Zuckerman, 1999

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Technology Enablers
(Geospatial Knowledge Economy)
1.Wireless & Telecommunications…
2.Computers…
3.Internet & world wide web…
4.Standards & interoperability…
5.Web services…
6.Global geospatial data…
7.International partnerships…

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1.
1.
Wireless & Telecommunications…
1.Worldwide revenue
§$2.1 trillion in 2004
§Up 9.4 % from 2003.
2.USA market at $780 billion
3.Other regions spent $1.4 trillion.
4.USA industry will grow:
§9.5 % compound annual rate, rising to $1.1 trillion
§between 2004-2008.
wires towersmall.jpg (7453 bytes)

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Cellular Telephone Trend
1.75% of world population within range of cell towers
2.Universal access – relatively inexpensive
3.Start with phones – computers, internet later
4.Soon GPS enabled
5.Integrated within personal digital assistants
6.
6.
FFXXGG cell B000184FYS 002 25045_pdi Nokiafuturefone2

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Telecommunications Growth Areas.
1.Broadband Technologies
–(DSL, Cable, Satellite, Fixed Wireless)
2.Mobile Communications
3.Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
4.Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
5.Wireless Internet Access (Wi-Fi)
6.Call Centers
Mobile_Communications 267-1

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Wireless Subscribers Growth

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Smart Phone Shipments

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SMS – Short Messaging Services

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Cell Phones and E-911 Services
1.E-911 mandate stipulates  centers must be able to precisely locate subscribers
2.More than 50 % of emergency services calls made from mobile devices
3.Impacts the development of location-based services

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Computers (USA)
1.7 % of population have computers worldwide
2.USA accounts for over 40 % of the world's investment in computing.
3.USA computing capacity growing by more than 35 % per year.
4.USA companies invest heavily in new technologies and the necessary training.
5.There are five times as many computers per worker in the USA as there are in Europe and Japan.
6.
Computers
National Public Radio - 2005
students%2520working%2520at%2520computers computer_pic

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img003
Internet and World Wide Web
NUA Internet Surveys - 1999

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Internet (worldwide)
1.Less than 1 % population connected worldwide
2.USA users create 90 % of all web sites
3.
3.
eick_internet

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Internet (USA)
1.One-fifth of households (20 million +) are on-line
2.30 million additional can access the Internet from networks at schools, universities, and
workplaces
3.In total, there are 50-60 million on-line
4.10 % use the Internet to purchase goods and services
5.Internet has now been turned over to the commercial sector by the US government.
•
A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce (United States Interagency Working Group on Electronic
Commerce, 1997

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Standards and Interoperability…
gos-pi

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Data Standardization
Transport
Transfer Protocol
Encoding/Packaging Format
Implementation Model
Conceptual Model
CD-ROM, tcp-ip
ISO 9660, http, ftp
XML, DIGEST VPF, SDTS
Application Requirements
Business rules, usage
Abstract model, UML
ER Diagrams, XML Schema,
ISO Application Schema
After Doug Nebert - FGDC

Here are some suggested objectives for each Standard:
Develop agreement on a common conceptual data content model in a multi-sector environment based on
an intersection of stakeholder functional requirements
Express and document the entities (feature types), attributes, relationships, optionality,
identifier and code schemes and include them as a supplement to the model
Based on the conceptual model, publish specific guidance on the unambiguous encoding (exchange
format) of a conformant data set as an Annex to the Standard
Develop standards of comparable detail, organization, and scope with guidance on where they should
be applied
Implied: Promote implementation of interoperable web services of Framework data for use by multiple
applications and users

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Interoperability
1.Data interoperability –applications understand the same sets of geospatial data.
2.Application interoperability – several applications can work together to solve a problem.
3.Web interoperability – Developers and users worldwide can share services
4.
j0300520

Example is scaleable vector graphics

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Standards Setting Entities
1.W3C – World wide Web Consortium
a.http://www.w3.org/
2.ISO: International Organization for Standardization
3.Open Geospatial Consortium…

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Regional Coordination
Geospatial Standardization
OpenGIS
Consortium, W3C
Interoperability interfaces (Implementation Specifications)
ISO TC 211
Foundations for
implementation.
(Abstract standards)
National
Standards
Content standards,
Authority for data
Endorsed practices and specifications
SDI
Other
NSDIs
GSDI
After Doug Nebert - FGDC

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Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
1.Vision: Complete integration of geospatial data and geoprocessing resources into mainstream
computing.
2.Mission: Build interface specifications for accessing and processing geospatial data in an
interoperable way.
3.Approach: Use a consensus process.
4.Certify participation
–
International consortium of 250+ companies, government agencies and universities, founded in 1994
in the USA
compliant_3d

International consortium of 250+ companies, government agencies and universities, founded in 1994
in the USA

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OGC Participation

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j0254490
•Self-contained, modular applications that can be described, published, located and invoked over
the web.
XML/GML
Spatial
Web
Service
Spatial
Data
Requesting
Application
Web Services…

It is now as easy as reading a paper map to leverage spatial data (not sure what this means)  MD>
No special software or expertise is required to leverage spatial information inside the
enterprise.  Web  mapping technology has made this possible.  Prior to web mapping, expensive
software, expertise and training was required to use digital spatial data.  Web mapping has in
effect got us back to the simplicity that was using a papare map but with the added flexibility and
capability of digital systems….all of the benefits without the complexity.
The additional challenge of spatial web services is how to exchange and present the results of the
XML exchange between applications
Geography Markup Language (GML) is available today

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Example: Adding Value to a Mapping Web Service…
© MapQuest.com

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…Adding Value Through Imagery.

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Web Services Evolution
Client Server (SQL)
World Wide Web (Web GIS)
Open Interoperability
Stand-alone (proprietary DBMS)
Peter Woodsford Keynote ISPRS Turkey
Seamless Computing

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Web Services Adoption
CSU673

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Web Services With Interoperability
1.XML industry standard as technology enabler.
2.Build on current web-based applications
3.Software spontaneously discovered, combined, and recombined to provide solutions to users'
problems and requests.
4.Moves users from map displays and ‘file transfers’ to transactions in real time.
5.
•
Sun Journal:-http://www.sun.com/executives/sunjournal/v5n1/feature1.html

The trend moves software away from monolithic, fat-client-hosted and -maintained applications
toward a new development model that is often called "Web services.........

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WMSviewer.com
WMSviewer.com (free to everybody that wants to implement a open standards based spatial data
portal)
–Includes source code
–Implements WMS and Context interfaces

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1.Open (metadata)
2.Accessible (catalog)
3.Served (web services)
4.Licensed (in many cases, free)
5.Standardized
Global Geospatial Data

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CIS
Accounting
Estimating
Engineering
Enterprise
Applications
Open Geospatial Data.
Graphics
Location
Connectivity
Ownership
Relationships
Geofacilities Model
Geofacilities Model
CIS
Accounting
Estimating
Engineering
Enterprise
Database

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Accessible For Everyone…

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Global Data -CitySphere
[USEMAP]
More…
http://www.globexplorer.com/

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Global Access (Tsunami)
1.Fair market value
2.National & commercial data providers
3.Web delivery mechanisms
northern shore before
IKONOS
Landsat
IRS
Radarsat
Space Imaging
Primary Operations Center
Remote Operations Center
Aerial Imagery
Transportable Ground Station
Regional Operations Center
Regional Operations Center
Regional Operations Center
More…
Why global data is important.
26-Dec 2004

>

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Elevation Data Repositories.
•http://www.globalterrain.com/

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Image Data Repositories.
1.Satellite Images.
2.Aerial Imagery.
3.LIDAR and Radar Images.
4.Federal, State and Local data repositories.
interlocken lmk image

Clearview $100’s of millions annually
NextView $100-500M to competing satellite firms.
Aerials Express
Globexplorer

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Avenza Systems Inc.
•Released MAPdata World, a three-part set of royalty-free GIS map data covering the world at 1:15
million scale.
http://www.avenza.com/products.mapdataworld.html

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Microsoft - Terraserver

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Global Mapping (1992-2007)
1.Develop free digital maps of world
2.1:1 million scale;  1 Km resolution
3.Layers:
a.Transport
b.Frontiers
c.Hydro
d.Population
e.Elevation
f.Vegetation
g.Land cover
h.Land use
4.
4.
4.
4.
http://www.iscgm.org/

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Kazakhstan
[USEMAP]
http://www.iscgm.org/

>

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1.Academic
2.Private
3.Local
4.National
5.Global
6.
Partnerships


Click here for GSDI Home Page

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worldmap
Geospatial Partnerships
1.Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
2.INSPIRE – Infrastructure for SPatial Information in Europe
3.The USA National Map concept
4.
GSDI logo

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Examples
1.The US National Map initiative
2.Location-based services (LBS)
3.Road centerlines (USA)
4.Dubai municipality – LBS

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The National Map Example (USA)

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1.Partnering
a.National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)
b.Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC
c.Geospatial One-Stop Initiative
2.Federal, State, local and private partners
3.Access, integrate, and apply geospatial data at global, national, and local scales.
4.Providing data and tools over the Web, and making updated topographic maps from the digital data.
The National Map Example (USA)

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Multi-agency Data Contributors
1.Nationwide coverage of transportation, hydrography, elevation, land cover, and cultural features.
2.Political boundaries
3.Digital Chart of the World (1:1m)
4.Geographic Data Technology road centerlines
5.National Hydrography Dataset
6.Digital Terrain Elevation Dataset
7.National Elevation Dataset.
8.National Land Cover Dataset
9.Cultural features include populated places and cities
10.Geographic Names Information System

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Geospatial Issues Considered
1.Data licensing
a.NRC Data Licensing Report
2.Partnering effort
3.Incentives,
4.Roles and responsibilities,
5.Research, and
6.Product dissemination.
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11079.html

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Research Grants Provided
1.Database development
2.Data distribution
3.Exchange of data/products
4.Feature generalization
5.Standards development
6.Web mapping services
7.Workshops, training, technology transfer

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Geospatial One-Stop (USA)
http://www.geo-one-stop.gov/
gos-pi

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Service
Customer
Land Base
KUB Mobile Form mobiletctrace
Location-Based Services…

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What is a Location Based Service?
Mobile Person
Service Provider
Other
Systems

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Technology Drivers - convergence
Data Networks
GPS enabled
Handsets
Mobile Positioning
Spatial Datasets
FFXXGG telcotower

Briefly touch on changes to the handsets, data networks, mobile positioning and spatial datasets
over the last year and expectations for the next few years.

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By 2006…
•You (and a billion others) will:
1.Have a smart phone, Bluetooth enabled, on at least a 2.5G network
2.Your smart phone will be positioning capable to 50-100m.
3.You will have access to a wide range of Location Based Services, many using accurate, navigable
map datasets.
telcotower
FFXXGG exclamation

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Location-based Services (LBS)
• Information to field
• Enterprise Integration
• Customer Service
Employee Services
Tracking Services
Emergency Services
Information Services
• Medical
• Crime
• Distress
• Vehicle Tracking
• People Tracking
• Assets Tracking
• Lifestyle Information
• Business Information
• Traffic Information
Location-Based Services Applications

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1.Tier 1: Census Bureau road centerline data
2.Tier 2: Private sector enhancement
3.Tier 3: Transportation industry adoption
4.Tier 4:  Further data sets enhance usage
5.
•
1.
Leveraging geospatial data and technology to create wealth
Road Centerlines Example

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Tier 1 – US Census Bureau
Road Centerlines
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/index.html

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TIGER Road Centerline Topology
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/tiger2004fe/TGR04FE.pdf

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Tier 2 – Navteq Intelligent Roads
1.NAVTEQ data is onboard most in-vehicle navigation systems sold in North America and Europe.
2.Supports a new generation of navigation services
a.Internet websites
b.Enterprise/Fleet/GIS solutions
c.Location Based Services (LBS).
j0227669 bridges Amtrak image

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http://navteq.com/markets/market.html

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Tier 3 – Vehicle Navigation Systems
http://navteq.com/markets/vehicle.html

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Tier 4a –Radio Traffic Updates
§SIRIUS Satellite Radio
§NAVTEQ to provide traffic data
§SIRIUS First Traffic audio service
§Accidents
§road closings
§Incidents
§Integrated with in-car navigation systems.
•
•
Initially, the service will cover 30 markets but will expand to more than 50 markets in the near
future

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Tier 4b –Roadside Assistance
http://www.onstar.com/us_english/jsp/index.jsp

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http://www.microsoft.com/mappoint/default.mspx
Another LBS example…

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MapPoint Diagram
MapPoint Location Server…
Worldwide potential

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Microsoft’s MapPoint
Location Server
1.Connects to wireless networks extracts latitude-longitude
2." … provide real-time location services (including) mobile operators Sprint, Bell Canada, O2, and
TeliaSonera
3.…about the relationship between the Federal Communications Commission's E-911 mandate and these
technological developments. "They are absolutely married,“
4."Many operators are … working with us, to monetize the investments  made" to comply with the
FCC…”
GIS Monitor – March 2005  Matteo Luccio

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AutoDesk…
http://locationservices.autodesk.com/index.htm

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AutoDesk’s Location Services
1."light weight solutions" …to make existing applications more "location-centric"
2."All they need is a URL and a password and their employees' cell phone numbers.”
3.For $15 per month, companies with  20 to 50 employees can have a working system.
4.“..that $15 per month investment can generate $600 per month in additional revenue."
Joe Astroth, AutoDesk interview GIS Monitor – March 2005

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Yahoo
Consumer Maps Example…

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New USA Data Set (no cost)

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Google (Keyhole)

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Germany

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Transportation Web Services…
Kansas DOT RCRS image2
Routing vehicles

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NDOR4
Nebraska Department of Revenue
Enterprise Web Portal
Ability to display imagery and inventory images – for example link to bridges and intersections

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South Carolina DOT
Evacuation Decision Support Solution
Real-time updates of weather, routes, traffic counts presented graphically.
SCDOT
Implementation by

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Online video logs with roadway following
Penndot globe video_log
Pennsylvania DOT
Integrated Web Applications
geodecisions
Cyber
Systems

1.  Another example of the different attributes that are available for modification.

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USA Military Traffic Management…
Geospatial Web Information Portals

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Uses satellite communications
Updates each 15 minutes
Tracks 800 vehicles
Across the USA

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Dubai Municipality Example
[USEMAP]
http://vgn.dm.gov.ae/webcam/burdubai.html#

>

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…And Visualization Tools
[USEMAP]
More…

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Geospatial Globalization Summary
(Knowledge Based Economy)
1.Fundamental human rights required
2.Technology infrastructure in place
3.Standards & interoperability
4.Market-driven economy
5.Private - public partnerships
6.Global access
7.Critical for economic development

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Contact Information
Dr. Terry Keating, Executive Vice President
Chairman, Z/I Imaging
230 Business Park Blvd.
Madison, AL 35757 USA
terry.keating@intergraph.com
P: +1 (256) 730-5688