Fylogeneze a diverzita řas a hub:
4. přednáška
Prymnesiophyta, Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta
Barbora Chattová
desmids2.jpg

[USEMAP]
Prymnesiophyta (Haptophyta)
•Stélka: bičíkatá až vláknitá
•Dříve součástí Cryptophyta
•Dva holé bičíky + haptonema
•Haptonema: podobné bičíku, jiná submikroskopická struktura
•Kontraktilní haptonema
•Haptonema slouží k: fagotrofii, rychlé změně pohybu, přichycení k substrátu
•Fukoxantin
•Thylakoidy srostlé po třech
•Chloroplasty s pyrenoidem
•Organické šupiny (polysacharidové), mohou být kalcifikovány- u řádu Coccolithophoridales
•
•
•
http://www.sinicearasy.cz/sites/default/files/pseudostrom3a.jpg

•
http://www.sinicearasy.cz/sites/default/files/Prymnesiophyta.gif


Prymnesiophyta (Haptophyta)
•Obrovský globální význam v koloběhu uhlíku a síry
•Oligotrofní subtropická moře
•Emiliania huxleyi (tvoří bílý zákal v mořích- white water)
•
•
http://escalera.bio.ucm.es/usuarios/criptogamas/plantas_criptogamas/materiales/images/alga_apto2.pn
g http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/e-huxleyi_bloom.jpg

Říše Plantae
•Převážně fotoautotrofní organismy
•Podříše Biliphytae:
•      fykoerytrin, fykocyanin, škrob v plazmě
•Podříše Viridiplantae:
•     chlorofyl a,b; srostlé tylakoidy
•
data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSERQUEhQWFBUWFRUUFxcXFhcVFBYXGBUYFBcU
FBgXGyYeGBwjGRcUHy8gJCcpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYrLCkBCQoKDgwOGg8PGiocHCQtLCwsLCwvLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwwKSwpLCk
sLCwsLCksLCwsLCwsKSwsLCwsLCwpLP/AABEIAPwAyAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAACAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAGAwQFBwj/xA
BJEAABAgIHBQUDCAUMAwEAAAABAAIDEQQSITFBUWEFcYGR8AYTobHRIsHhBxQyUlOSsvFCYmNyohcjJDNDc4KDk7PC0iVk4hb/x
AAaAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEBQMG/8QALREBAAEDAgMGBgMBAAAAAAAAAAECAxEEIRRScRMxUWFioRIiIzNBkQUygUL/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKZLRQN0TtwsKkupriZd5KpyCIapwCnJRUq6jrFQcE1XqSnFQAi+0ItGZRl1JQDeoJVGZ5eCNVEN3qBu9RS
ho1s3ppDXrjYjV0RDdPH4pkXLZcWrsqIADMl0zgLM1R4t2N6u9Fiy2U4SNrnEnAWixUqM3Tq5bl+dqOjUsd9fVqEb1mgMGSxBmn
itqEyzDn8F4VTs2IM1uiFUZIy0CPLrgvLLNjc3REtH1QmmNEHNGnWSZQrRpwULRl8UbNPHxUG4c1chao9yUwxknluRloEyjHwKC
YgdFRZBgzRSW5GVl1yMrljlkAGckQdVGjqaatutUVJi6dqWevXRToz6ksVK0dWohvwv9U3VynO3FMiOYMj1ihrIoiefhxTTUCt3
eXgi4aeSbnzUAOvNBaH0mrstrQ0yLjbZL6V2apsYaFXDalYUCACABhb7RMzeqhSL8efxW5fn5qY8mpY7qp85YWttuW4zctSC1bp
ZmBzWvcls0oNyEzfJGp5ZqSt+K8mRTPIWqEnIfDkpV3KFluHNVA4BTgoTZhz66CBHPeqI4GzrghwTDq1C1EK5umHQURKCyAkgAN
FkI4/BEsPPfuUyywUdWJhv8EwB6yRqHMaWD1WOTBc77NEQd/gnAtFvCzPGak77VMqUbviJJu7389UQBO/rkgGa2cfNTIDmGV2l9
yIZp575pmjU9BCVvwTJgQ26zx8NyjWHLdpYpLfyTMA1I6nikCw7bgO+aUe8ipOWDcJ53kKoUhkz71de122ob2MZCYWggOcSBOyY
DBI3Cc8J2KkRTbit2/jtNvBp6fPwb+J6PCx8FskGVw6tWOAyycr1mqDLyWpXVu24SpoOSEjojV6zULNFgoOblJSW5GUrJeAtSlg
tMvJBC1AMOiNQJXNGXWauQpZhIclO70CLmDKahbvWWUIGaBREtFxnbyUVygBu/ijJEjTznwRazdNTLJAma7cPciG7kQw9YrHIXr
PkjPWSMjM3dcUzd/XBSZC1tURbny45KOGqM5k22dfFAZ70OaLpZy43270KmpPU/RRUc6ydt193ErBs7aDHxBY4wwbTOU/1QTYJy
1Ww5gcJEEg2GU5yu4Ls0LY1HqzIeLnNa0A1ofeVZMGYxnb7JsN629NRFWc97V1Fc04x3NHtfHZFiBtEnDhswkS/2pTrW3WGS4EG
ivDS4vDwCAbJOaTdPMGRXpw2fQ4YZEbXcBEk4uPsva0gkWSMzDJs0Xn3aImHHPfezWDXhuFRwmy79UyW/eonGZxPSGpariasR7y
ejtsnLrmslWYu581go1JY4CVqzEDrwmuPVExLqRvCGFogW6eNmSkhPH3yUsvlff1+axVA3Tx66KhZpPimsy8FLLddPcmQKunkkI
M7G+PmslUDBLZkes0iUJKcrJcepoloy8UXET+HklIF9vIzWSELd6icy6BUWWfFCX9YdeadrepFKDrojuPgoyNIa9XJgLLvDVDn1
5I1d6xAsldpgnsyw00UbuKMtDZ1moFI08fSxMDfYOZ9JqS0+KMtEyoyNlgwz/JSscRbx6CJOY9OKlXoqGQr4WLqbChsLq0WIWth
+2Gicq2BsBsmbguZKWWPRXQ2HFlE9poeCCJG47x1cs7d6LOa8Zw8L9E10OiKD3hqQ5n9OVsqxnMHT3GSqHbfaTIlJZUAJbCYx0z
Wk5swQcpXS0Vu7S7d+a0Z5gsDC+zifTK5eTMiGtPGd63tJqatTTNeMU/hzfh+CVj2fRzK2qNF1BvHXvWrs0zbgtoDctK7Vmqcut
RGyA5kKF27RMWqGenivHZkSZzCDDu5JwDp8EpBzHWeSyAL9QpPcjPUGevU1CECl2o+KUnCz0T1fTFLI6TVjCFnu63KIubu681Fl
GBBO09FQTHu08b0oCJAyPL4oyPVN894st3oyM5z6uAFiFULc2dBESNDbIyc9rTdcTI+ClMZmIhJnEZYWQibp9HcoIJyPI9BerUi
J3TQIcMu/Ra1tgAAxOAkuXF7QRmfToruDnEeEMrpcBHN7Odx08vu8/bCOIJ4HopTCM52iyy/LG1Xd3bYg/1JkL/6yze4w6oSRPl
ChYBnGKP+LSFOBp5l42eX3UowgM7fS/rJNUvv8VdGdt630TRxvjT9FngdpIr7G/NSf74HwrJwNPMcbPL7qIAMp8PgtrZjR3jb8T
OVlyvJi0h98aBDH6paTzM1r0uhw2trRKQHXCs53sNNwunabV46jQzFur4JmqfA4z4tpjCh/KC/+ahj9YnkFVtjUAOMyrT21pkNn
d97D72C4EVmOuN4ldeDO/Aqtih0F4myO+FZOq4E25Tl716aHTV0aaKKvll4TdpivPe77YbQLB4SwTWZHrNV7/8AOQnGTKZDIsvI
BtzBcFjPZaJhGhG/+0yWXA+p78d6fdZKwyIvtw3TTAAiwG+V2Kq57NRAbY0Ia96kOxwL6XBGMq5PvU4D1Lx3pWuYOCE9PIcrVVD
szKlwj/mEYJDQnC+lQxuiOPkpwPqXjfStwllr7/ehZkeXiqZGjxYLmkRq4vBDi4EDMFXWduHL4rXv6ebOJzmJe1m/F3MYxIWXy3
2WcUsm3SHITTh91o0S5zl1pNazYwxuYBOw7pSQTF11yiziQBvTBk8fLJEA9e9Ez6vuymscqjRxPJdfsrCDqXB0cXXfVBdkuW2fx
s3Kwdh4U6UD9Vjz5Nn4leun3u09Xnf2t1T5PQ2oqAIr6F8+FqwHZ0K/uodt/sN9FsqSQaLth0c3wIR/y2+i1o3ZGiPvo8PgKv4Z
LsSUTC5V93YahC3ubrfpP9VnpNAgMo9R0ICGw+yx1osnJ1+pvttK6kdxsAAJNtpkJT/PkuNtI9/GbBb9FtrvRTuMyptNojKbCjU
CqGxYco0K0ABrmhzZC/6ZqnIRJ4LySNQywlrgWuaSCDeCDIg7ir7212m6i7ZfFhXwzCkMCO6aHNdoQSDvSdudkw4sGFtCBKrFsi
ACUnzNpGYkWuzIB/SWURsig9zqUO41WchCSgwiAE3djJOQhJAtVCSaSkkCuXosO1rTmGnwC86IV/oBBhwzmxn4Biufrv6RPm3tD
/eejZqGVwUcNB1wUsQe1vU+a42XWLV0CKWoJ+62XV6KyTBQBibs0S3CaIJ3KSlamVNZnZx8Va/k+hfzsR2UMD7zsOSqtXrq7FXb
5PYPsxnHNjeQcfeFtaOM3Ya+rnFqVvCMlAiAu64aIoyUQSSiKwUskiqLCbJ5Dig06XTTDY+I4iUpNGM7bzPUWSxSdn6GWsL3fTf
7R9FqR29/HbCBmyFJzzm7AHzVhDZBTvlXgHymH/ydJ/eb/ttWbsFtRpc6hxzODHmAJ2d4W1ZHKtYP3msK1/lFM9pUr+8lya0Ktt
MiCLCLQcRqFkxbO2tkuo8d8J05tJkZSrN/RdLULQkrz2ilTKBBpTQO9hVocYA2yBFZ8r5Vntfp3jlSSElWMhAhOQoQoEklIWSSU
oEkrzsZ04EKz+zb4Cr7lR1ddgP/AKPDvucNLHuC0tdH0m5o/uf46IMxcibvj4pQN/ii6Wo5rhuwBOniooZa7rbEFlCMYldL14Jw
Bl5eKFbROHeV6TlkMx1Jegdgof8ARnGUq0R3gGj1VABusvlLPgvS+x0KVEh6l7v4iPct7QR9SejS121v/XaCKiMl2XHRFGSkkAJ
XF2ltBrGGMPacZshgGcyfZkMOiunS4tzZG2czgABP2slxdmQ/nUcxj/VQyWwhgTcX+iK6Owtm91D9q17zWcdTaukUZKSRHzz29M
9o0r++d6e5V8tXe7ZmdPpR/bxPxFcQhEWXsDthsKM6FFkYUdpYQbq0jV5zLD+9ouNt7YjqNGdDdOVhaSJVmG0HfgRgQVp1VdaZP
aNA72+PRWgPtte20lxEsWAGebHZqwKJJCSylqUhRWMhIQstVKWoMRVx7ME/N25Bzx/FP3qolqtXZW2CdHnxDTNaet+zLa0n3Ydp
s+E+sUDPOfDljuT1NeuSQtOa4OejtltnhLf1NRFzTn1oon6Qg8vTBM3rlilDdMtEQRl5eCqsnQyXpWwNoQW0aC0xYQIY2YMRgIJ
tIInYbV5qDLDLJedUmJWe45uceZK6X8d31Ofr5+WH1ENowjdFh/6jPVZG0tn12ffb6r5WmiHLsbOU+qxHb9Zv3h6pu9GY5hfKYi
FXHsZCECFF2hFJDYQLIIsm+KbDKYOBlP8AWOSbD1PbEZ8UiA0yfGcZ1T9CCDaTO4m5Wah0MQ2NY0SDQAF8sRaa973RHONZzi4me
JM0wpj/AKzvvFNh9WBpy8CiGHI8l8qjaET67/vO9VkbtSLhFiffd6psiwdqaG80ykGo+2NF/Rd9c6Lkmhu+q77p9F9E9l3H5lRZ
kk/N4JJJJJnDbaSV1FB8wfNzkeRXZ7J7RMCkCtZDiDuokwS0BxEnEYgGXAlfQslKiD507V7C+a0l8MfQPtM0af0Tq0zHAZrili+
kKTCEKJXlNr3AGZuJk2yd11y6PdNOA5BWR8tlqBbqOa+ozRm/Vb90eiU0Rn1G/db6KD5bI1HNWTsq72HjJ3/Eei9+NBh/Zs+430
VR+UCihoglrWtteLGgT+jfILW1UZtVNnTbXYUwHQ9WZ2/BCWicC28cvJK5p0zuXzuXcKooRZhPd8VFcZQm787N9qcTxNvCz0WO3
mnAOYzwzySWYUixpIwE+QtXnE16DtF0oMQ5Mf5SncvP5Lrfx0fLVLl6+d6YBFSSMl1HNbWytmujxWQmXuN8iZAWucQMAJngu323
2lDrMolHEoNHAaTjEeJzc7cS7iXLbopOzaJ3xAFJpLasKf0ocOw1pSsmJG+f0Rmqe1vPFBJIqIyQQJggAnA8iiPp7s22VDow/wD
Xg/7bV0ZLS2E2VFo4/YQv9tq3kAURUQJFhhwINxWnQXkFzHXg2HMS8cVvLS2lCPsvaZFpmbZWfnJBtqIQ3zAIxRQKVVPlBhzhQj
k93i34K2FVnt8ydHbpFb+Fy8r326ukvaxP1Kerz8wx16oPYNPJN1h1egXDjwXzGXfIW69c1EO7Civ+jEB1JZA2Q+Cxg7urt6eW6
asq0NvulR37gOZGqpCuHad8qORZa5vnP3KoSXa0EfSz5uRrp+pjyALudldlNixa8WyDCHeRCbjVBcGcZHgCuM0TVo2+80Wiw6GJ
B8T+djyMzbKTSd4lLJgOK6DRcTbu1TSo7opnV+iwEzIYLpzxN51K0ZIhSSASRARkiAgACerYdygCcBEfUWymygQRlCh/gC2lhoQ
lDhj9Rg/hCzIIoooVQECEVEHL2e/un9y7GbmmUgROZ4zK6S0tq0cltdom9gLm64keHgtii0iuwOzFu/EIMhVe7dN/ohleHsPmrC
uH2zbOhxNCw/xhYXN6Z6PS1OK46vNmknfx8UpN+A4pQRnbwwRI18V8tL6FHHryUUItvwUTKNdjZcDrgPAJ2N6nZ8Ugb1PzRq6rO
erKHE7VvkxgzcTfkPiqyAu/2qd7UMaE+MvcuXs7Z7o0RsNt7jfgBi46ALu6OMWYcTVzm7Lq9laIxpdSY0xDgiYl9Jz7A0N3Ei3M
tXIptKdFiPiP+k8lxyGTRoBIcF1u0NPEm0aER3UG+Vz4ltZxOMiTbmTouJJbbVLJNJSSaSBQEZJgE0kAATw2oALNRme0BqPNEfU
EISa0aDyTqBRBJqKKTVEQKhQQRcuCO5jEE+xFILROwOxA3k+S6a1No0LvGyuc01mnJwQbS5Haps6JG/dH4gtzZlM7yGC4ScLHDI
j1vWv2jZOixx+zd4WqT3MqZxVDyogBSQUqhJITn7vJfLT1l9GaQnP81EhAstzkbMVFO/8AIRoUA+CU8PcmrLIVntKZxgMmDzK2K
O8Uajl0v52MCGnFjLiQMzM+GSx9oaK7vK1UkVRaBMAiwgyuXOjRXOlWnYJCa+g0+Oyp6OFf+5UwAIyTKTGY5rYeBaqaSICYNQKA
jJOGo1UCgLYoLJxGD9dv4gsQat3ZMOceEM4kMfxhEfSzrzvQUN53lBUGaiE1JoIopNAlBECpNCaDmRz3UcPJkyIAw5B87DxsHFZ
trtnAjD9m/wDCVl2hRBFhluN4ngRaLljiMd3JDyC7u3BxFxNUgymhDyNxPU0tY39Y3JidclF8tVtL6POxfKfXBRTiomTLBfLcPP
coc95vSgdWKNnJZKygSuOdoJGHwT134Pf952W9YTv8vRE9dSViuqO6rCTTTPfDP3rrPaOF5Jv35KGIbbbLbw0+YWEA5+aZp155z
V7a5zJ2dHhByJ31T/gh/wDVKYY+pDN39lC/6oC7nnLBGWF/5YK9vc5pTsbfLCdw37OF/pMzx9lR1Fh/ZQsf7Me5FrR0JY22ohv5
2cPBOJuc0nYWuWCmhwvsYX3T7nJoNHhsc1zYUMOaQ4GT7CDMWVtAiCPPLLwUDR5HSavFXY/6Yzp7XKsw7d0r9nO39A+qcdvaRlC
P+B3qqvKz4ckSLcL53WrLjb3N7Qx4a1yrQPlApH1YZ4O9U4+UCP8AUh/xKptstx4XoHfZbu0l4rLjb3N7Qk6W14Lb/KHG+yh83I
/yiRfsWfed6KpWaYfGWSmHirx13xj9JwlrwW4fKJE+xZ98+ig+UZ32Lfvn0VQl1b6oBv5Ycllx13xj9HCWvBcv5RXfYD/U/wDla
20e3cSIwsbDbDrCRdWLiAcrBaqsRl1lig7q/kpOuuz+Y/SRpbUb4QtHxsUq9e5Sc+ilJWnmfFsg5nX5WqJUVlv4jCU80gHuRaJr
KRJ6+Kefv68lKqPp71jkMD1K1QXJUWnresRkrdSzR6uWKsoHKKyA+7DKxMTnesTXIB6GWU+e5Qxd92nWKRkQkIk9cUMnB6s3dXK
VurErnJO9M+E0MshdLoblA7G605YpGPUrqmTSt5+tidssvDrFYw7yUmomT1ue6XNRzuhksZcpWVUxfZpb4pTE+Fnjqo4dcSsc1Y
wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q==
http://www.sinicearasy.cz/sites/default/files/pseudostrom3a.jpg

Přehled systému říše Plantae
•Podříše Biliphytae
•Odd. Glaucophyta
•Odd. Rhodophyta
•
•Podříše Viridiplantae
•Vývojová linie Chlorophytae
•Odd. Chlorophyta
•Vývojová linie Streptophytae
•Odd. Charophyta
•Odd. Anthocerotophyta
•Odd. Marchantiophyta
•Odd. Bryophyta
•Odd. Cormophyta
•
data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSERQUEhQWFBUWFRUUFxcXFhcVFBYXGBUYFBcU
FBgXGyYeGBwjGRcUHy8gJCcpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYrLCkBCQoKDgwOGg8PGiocHCQtLCwsLCwvLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwwKSwpLCk
sLCwsLCksLCwsLCwsKSwsLCwsLCwpLP/AABEIAPwAyAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAACAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAGAwQFBwj/xA
BJEAABAgIHBQUDCAUMAwEAAAABAAIDEQQSITFBUWEFcYGR8AYTobHRIsHhBxQyUlOSsvFCYmNyohcjJDNDc4KDk7PC0iVk4hb/x
AAaAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEBQMG/8QALREBAAEDAgMGBgMBAAAAAAAAAAECAxEEIRRScRMxUWFioRIiIzNBkQUygUL/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKZLRQN0TtwsKkupriZd5KpyCIapwCnJRUq6jrFQcE1XqSnFQAi+0ItGZRl1JQDeoJVGZ5eCNVEN3qBu9RS
ho1s3ppDXrjYjV0RDdPH4pkXLZcWrsqIADMl0zgLM1R4t2N6u9Fiy2U4SNrnEnAWixUqM3Tq5bl+dqOjUsd9fVqEb1mgMGSxBmn
itqEyzDn8F4VTs2IM1uiFUZIy0CPLrgvLLNjc3REtH1QmmNEHNGnWSZQrRpwULRl8UbNPHxUG4c1chao9yUwxknluRloEyjHwKC
YgdFRZBgzRSW5GVl1yMrljlkAGckQdVGjqaatutUVJi6dqWevXRToz6ksVK0dWohvwv9U3VynO3FMiOYMj1ihrIoiefhxTTUCt3
eXgi4aeSbnzUAOvNBaH0mrstrQ0yLjbZL6V2apsYaFXDalYUCACABhb7RMzeqhSL8efxW5fn5qY8mpY7qp85YWttuW4zctSC1bp
ZmBzWvcls0oNyEzfJGp5ZqSt+K8mRTPIWqEnIfDkpV3KFluHNVA4BTgoTZhz66CBHPeqI4GzrghwTDq1C1EK5umHQURKCyAkgAN
FkI4/BEsPPfuUyywUdWJhv8EwB6yRqHMaWD1WOTBc77NEQd/gnAtFvCzPGak77VMqUbviJJu7389UQBO/rkgGa2cfNTIDmGV2l9
yIZp575pmjU9BCVvwTJgQ26zx8NyjWHLdpYpLfyTMA1I6nikCw7bgO+aUe8ipOWDcJ53kKoUhkz71de122ob2MZCYWggOcSBOyY
DBI3Cc8J2KkRTbit2/jtNvBp6fPwb+J6PCx8FskGVw6tWOAyycr1mqDLyWpXVu24SpoOSEjojV6zULNFgoOblJSW5GUrJeAtSlg
tMvJBC1AMOiNQJXNGXWauQpZhIclO70CLmDKahbvWWUIGaBREtFxnbyUVygBu/ijJEjTznwRazdNTLJAma7cPciG7kQw9YrHIXr
PkjPWSMjM3dcUzd/XBSZC1tURbny45KOGqM5k22dfFAZ70OaLpZy43270KmpPU/RRUc6ydt193ErBs7aDHxBY4wwbTOU/1QTYJy
1Ww5gcJEEg2GU5yu4Ls0LY1HqzIeLnNa0A1ofeVZMGYxnb7JsN629NRFWc97V1Fc04x3NHtfHZFiBtEnDhswkS/2pTrW3WGS4EG
ivDS4vDwCAbJOaTdPMGRXpw2fQ4YZEbXcBEk4uPsva0gkWSMzDJs0Xn3aImHHPfezWDXhuFRwmy79UyW/eonGZxPSGpariasR7y
ejtsnLrmslWYu581go1JY4CVqzEDrwmuPVExLqRvCGFogW6eNmSkhPH3yUsvlff1+axVA3Tx66KhZpPimsy8FLLddPcmQKunkkI
M7G+PmslUDBLZkes0iUJKcrJcepoloy8UXET+HklIF9vIzWSELd6icy6BUWWfFCX9YdeadrepFKDrojuPgoyNIa9XJgLLvDVDn1
5I1d6xAsldpgnsyw00UbuKMtDZ1moFI08fSxMDfYOZ9JqS0+KMtEyoyNlgwz/JSscRbx6CJOY9OKlXoqGQr4WLqbChsLq0WIWth
+2Gicq2BsBsmbguZKWWPRXQ2HFlE9poeCCJG47x1cs7d6LOa8Zw8L9E10OiKD3hqQ5n9OVsqxnMHT3GSqHbfaTIlJZUAJbCYx0z
Wk5swQcpXS0Vu7S7d+a0Z5gsDC+zifTK5eTMiGtPGd63tJqatTTNeMU/hzfh+CVj2fRzK2qNF1BvHXvWrs0zbgtoDctK7Vmqcut
RGyA5kKF27RMWqGenivHZkSZzCDDu5JwDp8EpBzHWeSyAL9QpPcjPUGevU1CECl2o+KUnCz0T1fTFLI6TVjCFnu63KIubu681Fl
GBBO09FQTHu08b0oCJAyPL4oyPVN894st3oyM5z6uAFiFULc2dBESNDbIyc9rTdcTI+ClMZmIhJnEZYWQibp9HcoIJyPI9BerUi
J3TQIcMu/Ra1tgAAxOAkuXF7QRmfToruDnEeEMrpcBHN7Odx08vu8/bCOIJ4HopTCM52iyy/LG1Xd3bYg/1JkL/6yze4w6oSRPl
ChYBnGKP+LSFOBp5l42eX3UowgM7fS/rJNUvv8VdGdt630TRxvjT9FngdpIr7G/NSf74HwrJwNPMcbPL7qIAMp8PgtrZjR3jb8T
OVlyvJi0h98aBDH6paTzM1r0uhw2trRKQHXCs53sNNwunabV46jQzFur4JmqfA4z4tpjCh/KC/+ahj9YnkFVtjUAOMyrT21pkNn
d97D72C4EVmOuN4ldeDO/Aqtih0F4myO+FZOq4E25Tl716aHTV0aaKKvll4TdpivPe77YbQLB4SwTWZHrNV7/8AOQnGTKZDIsvI
BtzBcFjPZaJhGhG/+0yWXA+p78d6fdZKwyIvtw3TTAAiwG+V2Kq57NRAbY0Ia96kOxwL6XBGMq5PvU4D1Lx3pWuYOCE9PIcrVVD
szKlwj/mEYJDQnC+lQxuiOPkpwPqXjfStwllr7/ehZkeXiqZGjxYLmkRq4vBDi4EDMFXWduHL4rXv6ebOJzmJe1m/F3MYxIWXy3
2WcUsm3SHITTh91o0S5zl1pNazYwxuYBOw7pSQTF11yiziQBvTBk8fLJEA9e9Ez6vuymscqjRxPJdfsrCDqXB0cXXfVBdkuW2fx
s3Kwdh4U6UD9Vjz5Nn4leun3u09Xnf2t1T5PQ2oqAIr6F8+FqwHZ0K/uodt/sN9FsqSQaLth0c3wIR/y2+i1o3ZGiPvo8PgKv4Z
LsSUTC5V93YahC3ubrfpP9VnpNAgMo9R0ICGw+yx1osnJ1+pvttK6kdxsAAJNtpkJT/PkuNtI9/GbBb9FtrvRTuMyptNojKbCjU
CqGxYco0K0ABrmhzZC/6ZqnIRJ4LySNQywlrgWuaSCDeCDIg7ir7212m6i7ZfFhXwzCkMCO6aHNdoQSDvSdudkw4sGFtCBKrFsi
ACUnzNpGYkWuzIB/SWURsig9zqUO41WchCSgwiAE3djJOQhJAtVCSaSkkCuXosO1rTmGnwC86IV/oBBhwzmxn4Biufrv6RPm3tD
/eejZqGVwUcNB1wUsQe1vU+a42XWLV0CKWoJ+62XV6KyTBQBibs0S3CaIJ3KSlamVNZnZx8Va/k+hfzsR2UMD7zsOSqtXrq7FXb
5PYPsxnHNjeQcfeFtaOM3Ya+rnFqVvCMlAiAu64aIoyUQSSiKwUskiqLCbJ5Dig06XTTDY+I4iUpNGM7bzPUWSxSdn6GWsL3fTf
7R9FqR29/HbCBmyFJzzm7AHzVhDZBTvlXgHymH/ydJ/eb/ttWbsFtRpc6hxzODHmAJ2d4W1ZHKtYP3msK1/lFM9pUr+8lya0Ktt
MiCLCLQcRqFkxbO2tkuo8d8J05tJkZSrN/RdLULQkrz2ilTKBBpTQO9hVocYA2yBFZ8r5Vntfp3jlSSElWMhAhOQoQoEklIWSSU
oEkrzsZ04EKz+zb4Cr7lR1ddgP/AKPDvucNLHuC0tdH0m5o/uf46IMxcibvj4pQN/ii6Wo5rhuwBOniooZa7rbEFlCMYldL14Jw
Bl5eKFbROHeV6TlkMx1Jegdgof8ARnGUq0R3gGj1VABusvlLPgvS+x0KVEh6l7v4iPct7QR9SejS121v/XaCKiMl2XHRFGSkkAJ
XF2ltBrGGMPacZshgGcyfZkMOiunS4tzZG2czgABP2slxdmQ/nUcxj/VQyWwhgTcX+iK6Owtm91D9q17zWcdTaukUZKSRHzz29M
9o0r++d6e5V8tXe7ZmdPpR/bxPxFcQhEWXsDthsKM6FFkYUdpYQbq0jV5zLD+9ouNt7YjqNGdDdOVhaSJVmG0HfgRgQVp1VdaZP
aNA72+PRWgPtte20lxEsWAGebHZqwKJJCSylqUhRWMhIQstVKWoMRVx7ME/N25Bzx/FP3qolqtXZW2CdHnxDTNaet+zLa0n3Ydp
s+E+sUDPOfDljuT1NeuSQtOa4OejtltnhLf1NRFzTn1oon6Qg8vTBM3rlilDdMtEQRl5eCqsnQyXpWwNoQW0aC0xYQIY2YMRgIJ
tIInYbV5qDLDLJedUmJWe45uceZK6X8d31Ofr5+WH1ENowjdFh/6jPVZG0tn12ffb6r5WmiHLsbOU+qxHb9Zv3h6pu9GY5hfKYi
FXHsZCECFF2hFJDYQLIIsm+KbDKYOBlP8AWOSbD1PbEZ8UiA0yfGcZ1T9CCDaTO4m5Wah0MQ2NY0SDQAF8sRaa973RHONZzi4me
JM0wpj/AKzvvFNh9WBpy8CiGHI8l8qjaET67/vO9VkbtSLhFiffd6psiwdqaG80ykGo+2NF/Rd9c6Lkmhu+q77p9F9E9l3H5lRZ
kk/N4JJJJJnDbaSV1FB8wfNzkeRXZ7J7RMCkCtZDiDuokwS0BxEnEYgGXAlfQslKiD507V7C+a0l8MfQPtM0af0Tq0zHAZrili+
kKTCEKJXlNr3AGZuJk2yd11y6PdNOA5BWR8tlqBbqOa+ozRm/Vb90eiU0Rn1G/db6KD5bI1HNWTsq72HjJ3/Eei9+NBh/Zs+430
VR+UCihoglrWtteLGgT+jfILW1UZtVNnTbXYUwHQ9WZ2/BCWicC28cvJK5p0zuXzuXcKooRZhPd8VFcZQm787N9qcTxNvCz0WO3
mnAOYzwzySWYUixpIwE+QtXnE16DtF0oMQ5Mf5SncvP5Lrfx0fLVLl6+d6YBFSSMl1HNbWytmujxWQmXuN8iZAWucQMAJngu323
2lDrMolHEoNHAaTjEeJzc7cS7iXLbopOzaJ3xAFJpLasKf0ocOw1pSsmJG+f0Rmqe1vPFBJIqIyQQJggAnA8iiPp7s22VDow/wD
Xg/7bV0ZLS2E2VFo4/YQv9tq3kAURUQJFhhwINxWnQXkFzHXg2HMS8cVvLS2lCPsvaZFpmbZWfnJBtqIQ3zAIxRQKVVPlBhzhQj
k93i34K2FVnt8ydHbpFb+Fy8r326ukvaxP1Kerz8wx16oPYNPJN1h1egXDjwXzGXfIW69c1EO7Civ+jEB1JZA2Q+Cxg7urt6eW6
asq0NvulR37gOZGqpCuHad8qORZa5vnP3KoSXa0EfSz5uRrp+pjyALudldlNixa8WyDCHeRCbjVBcGcZHgCuM0TVo2+80Wiw6GJ
B8T+djyMzbKTSd4lLJgOK6DRcTbu1TSo7opnV+iwEzIYLpzxN51K0ZIhSSASRARkiAgACerYdygCcBEfUWymygQRlCh/gC2lhoQ
lDhj9Rg/hCzIIoooVQECEVEHL2e/un9y7GbmmUgROZ4zK6S0tq0cltdom9gLm64keHgtii0iuwOzFu/EIMhVe7dN/ohleHsPmrC
uH2zbOhxNCw/xhYXN6Z6PS1OK46vNmknfx8UpN+A4pQRnbwwRI18V8tL6FHHryUUItvwUTKNdjZcDrgPAJ2N6nZ8Ugb1PzRq6rO
erKHE7VvkxgzcTfkPiqyAu/2qd7UMaE+MvcuXs7Z7o0RsNt7jfgBi46ALu6OMWYcTVzm7Lq9laIxpdSY0xDgiYl9Jz7A0N3Ei3M
tXIptKdFiPiP+k8lxyGTRoBIcF1u0NPEm0aER3UG+Vz4ltZxOMiTbmTouJJbbVLJNJSSaSBQEZJgE0kAATw2oALNRme0BqPNEfU
EISa0aDyTqBRBJqKKTVEQKhQQRcuCO5jEE+xFILROwOxA3k+S6a1No0LvGyuc01mnJwQbS5Haps6JG/dH4gtzZlM7yGC4ScLHDI
j1vWv2jZOixx+zd4WqT3MqZxVDyogBSQUqhJITn7vJfLT1l9GaQnP81EhAstzkbMVFO/8AIRoUA+CU8PcmrLIVntKZxgMmDzK2K
O8Uajl0v52MCGnFjLiQMzM+GSx9oaK7vK1UkVRaBMAiwgyuXOjRXOlWnYJCa+g0+Oyp6OFf+5UwAIyTKTGY5rYeBaqaSICYNQKA
jJOGo1UCgLYoLJxGD9dv4gsQat3ZMOceEM4kMfxhEfSzrzvQUN53lBUGaiE1JoIopNAlBECpNCaDmRz3UcPJkyIAw5B87DxsHFZ
trtnAjD9m/wDCVl2hRBFhluN4ngRaLljiMd3JDyC7u3BxFxNUgymhDyNxPU0tY39Y3JidclF8tVtL6POxfKfXBRTiomTLBfLcPP
coc95vSgdWKNnJZKygSuOdoJGHwT134Pf952W9YTv8vRE9dSViuqO6rCTTTPfDP3rrPaOF5Jv35KGIbbbLbw0+YWEA5+aZp155z
V7a5zJ2dHhByJ31T/gh/wDVKYY+pDN39lC/6oC7nnLBGWF/5YK9vc5pTsbfLCdw37OF/pMzx9lR1Fh/ZQsf7Me5FrR0JY22ohv5
2cPBOJuc0nYWuWCmhwvsYX3T7nJoNHhsc1zYUMOaQ4GT7CDMWVtAiCPPLLwUDR5HSavFXY/6Yzp7XKsw7d0r9nO39A+qcdvaRlC
P+B3qqvKz4ckSLcL53WrLjb3N7Qx4a1yrQPlApH1YZ4O9U4+UCP8AUh/xKptstx4XoHfZbu0l4rLjb3N7Qk6W14Lb/KHG+yh83I
/yiRfsWfed6KpWaYfGWSmHirx13xj9JwlrwW4fKJE+xZ98+ig+UZ32Lfvn0VQl1b6oBv5Ycllx13xj9HCWvBcv5RXfYD/U/wDla
20e3cSIwsbDbDrCRdWLiAcrBaqsRl1lig7q/kpOuuz+Y/SRpbUb4QtHxsUq9e5Sc+ilJWnmfFsg5nX5WqJUVlv4jCU80gHuRaJr
KRJ6+Kefv68lKqPp71jkMD1K1QXJUWnresRkrdSzR6uWKsoHKKyA+7DKxMTnesTXIB6GWU+e5Qxd92nWKRkQkIk9cUMnB6s3dXK
VurErnJO9M+E0MshdLoblA7G605YpGPUrqmTSt5+tidssvDrFYw7yUmomT1ue6XNRzuhksZcpWVUxfZpb4pTE+Fnjqo4dcSsc1Y
wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q==

Glaucophyta
•Cyanely
•Sladkovodní bičíkovci
•Rozmnožování: autospory, zoospory
•18 S rRNA – monofyletické, příbuzné s Cryptophyta a Rhodophyta
•Cyanophora paradoxa - plankton
[USEMAP]
http://www.diark.org/img/species_pict/large/Cyanophora_paradoxa/

http://palaeos.com/eukarya/plantae/images/Glaucocystis.jpg
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Glaucophyceae/GLAUCOCYSTIS/Glaucocystis_02_600x450_nostochinear
um_botany.natur.cuni.czg.jpg

data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSERQUEhQWFBUWFRUUFxcXFhcVFBYXGBUYFBcU
FBgXGyYeGBwjGRcUHy8gJCcpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYrLCkBCQoKDgwOGg8PGiocHCQtLCwsLCwvLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwwKSwpLCk
sLCwsLCksLCwsLCwsKSwsLCwsLCwpLP/AABEIAPwAyAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAACAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAGAwQFBwj/xA
BJEAABAgIHBQUDCAUMAwEAAAABAAIDEQQSITFBUWEFcYGR8AYTobHRIsHhBxQyUlOSsvFCYmNyohcjJDNDc4KDk7PC0iVk4hb/x
AAaAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEBQMG/8QALREBAAEDAgMGBgMBAAAAAAAAAAECAxEEIRRScRMxUWFioRIiIzNBkQUygUL/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKZLRQN0TtwsKkupriZd5KpyCIapwCnJRUq6jrFQcE1XqSnFQAi+0ItGZRl1JQDeoJVGZ5eCNVEN3qBu9RS
ho1s3ppDXrjYjV0RDdPH4pkXLZcWrsqIADMl0zgLM1R4t2N6u9Fiy2U4SNrnEnAWixUqM3Tq5bl+dqOjUsd9fVqEb1mgMGSxBmn
itqEyzDn8F4VTs2IM1uiFUZIy0CPLrgvLLNjc3REtH1QmmNEHNGnWSZQrRpwULRl8UbNPHxUG4c1chao9yUwxknluRloEyjHwKC
YgdFRZBgzRSW5GVl1yMrljlkAGckQdVGjqaatutUVJi6dqWevXRToz6ksVK0dWohvwv9U3VynO3FMiOYMj1ihrIoiefhxTTUCt3
eXgi4aeSbnzUAOvNBaH0mrstrQ0yLjbZL6V2apsYaFXDalYUCACABhb7RMzeqhSL8efxW5fn5qY8mpY7qp85YWttuW4zctSC1bp
ZmBzWvcls0oNyEzfJGp5ZqSt+K8mRTPIWqEnIfDkpV3KFluHNVA4BTgoTZhz66CBHPeqI4GzrghwTDq1C1EK5umHQURKCyAkgAN
FkI4/BEsPPfuUyywUdWJhv8EwB6yRqHMaWD1WOTBc77NEQd/gnAtFvCzPGak77VMqUbviJJu7389UQBO/rkgGa2cfNTIDmGV2l9
yIZp575pmjU9BCVvwTJgQ26zx8NyjWHLdpYpLfyTMA1I6nikCw7bgO+aUe8ipOWDcJ53kKoUhkz71de122ob2MZCYWggOcSBOyY
DBI3Cc8J2KkRTbit2/jtNvBp6fPwb+J6PCx8FskGVw6tWOAyycr1mqDLyWpXVu24SpoOSEjojV6zULNFgoOblJSW5GUrJeAtSlg
tMvJBC1AMOiNQJXNGXWauQpZhIclO70CLmDKahbvWWUIGaBREtFxnbyUVygBu/ijJEjTznwRazdNTLJAma7cPciG7kQw9YrHIXr
PkjPWSMjM3dcUzd/XBSZC1tURbny45KOGqM5k22dfFAZ70OaLpZy43270KmpPU/RRUc6ydt193ErBs7aDHxBY4wwbTOU/1QTYJy
1Ww5gcJEEg2GU5yu4Ls0LY1HqzIeLnNa0A1ofeVZMGYxnb7JsN629NRFWc97V1Fc04x3NHtfHZFiBtEnDhswkS/2pTrW3WGS4EG
ivDS4vDwCAbJOaTdPMGRXpw2fQ4YZEbXcBEk4uPsva0gkWSMzDJs0Xn3aImHHPfezWDXhuFRwmy79UyW/eonGZxPSGpariasR7y
ejtsnLrmslWYu581go1JY4CVqzEDrwmuPVExLqRvCGFogW6eNmSkhPH3yUsvlff1+axVA3Tx66KhZpPimsy8FLLddPcmQKunkkI
M7G+PmslUDBLZkes0iUJKcrJcepoloy8UXET+HklIF9vIzWSELd6icy6BUWWfFCX9YdeadrepFKDrojuPgoyNIa9XJgLLvDVDn1
5I1d6xAsldpgnsyw00UbuKMtDZ1moFI08fSxMDfYOZ9JqS0+KMtEyoyNlgwz/JSscRbx6CJOY9OKlXoqGQr4WLqbChsLq0WIWth
+2Gicq2BsBsmbguZKWWPRXQ2HFlE9poeCCJG47x1cs7d6LOa8Zw8L9E10OiKD3hqQ5n9OVsqxnMHT3GSqHbfaTIlJZUAJbCYx0z
Wk5swQcpXS0Vu7S7d+a0Z5gsDC+zifTK5eTMiGtPGd63tJqatTTNeMU/hzfh+CVj2fRzK2qNF1BvHXvWrs0zbgtoDctK7Vmqcut
RGyA5kKF27RMWqGenivHZkSZzCDDu5JwDp8EpBzHWeSyAL9QpPcjPUGevU1CECl2o+KUnCz0T1fTFLI6TVjCFnu63KIubu681Fl
GBBO09FQTHu08b0oCJAyPL4oyPVN894st3oyM5z6uAFiFULc2dBESNDbIyc9rTdcTI+ClMZmIhJnEZYWQibp9HcoIJyPI9BerUi
J3TQIcMu/Ra1tgAAxOAkuXF7QRmfToruDnEeEMrpcBHN7Odx08vu8/bCOIJ4HopTCM52iyy/LG1Xd3bYg/1JkL/6yze4w6oSRPl
ChYBnGKP+LSFOBp5l42eX3UowgM7fS/rJNUvv8VdGdt630TRxvjT9FngdpIr7G/NSf74HwrJwNPMcbPL7qIAMp8PgtrZjR3jb8T
OVlyvJi0h98aBDH6paTzM1r0uhw2trRKQHXCs53sNNwunabV46jQzFur4JmqfA4z4tpjCh/KC/+ahj9YnkFVtjUAOMyrT21pkNn
d97D72C4EVmOuN4ldeDO/Aqtih0F4myO+FZOq4E25Tl716aHTV0aaKKvll4TdpivPe77YbQLB4SwTWZHrNV7/8AOQnGTKZDIsvI
BtzBcFjPZaJhGhG/+0yWXA+p78d6fdZKwyIvtw3TTAAiwG+V2Kq57NRAbY0Ia96kOxwL6XBGMq5PvU4D1Lx3pWuYOCE9PIcrVVD
szKlwj/mEYJDQnC+lQxuiOPkpwPqXjfStwllr7/ehZkeXiqZGjxYLmkRq4vBDi4EDMFXWduHL4rXv6ebOJzmJe1m/F3MYxIWXy3
2WcUsm3SHITTh91o0S5zl1pNazYwxuYBOw7pSQTF11yiziQBvTBk8fLJEA9e9Ez6vuymscqjRxPJdfsrCDqXB0cXXfVBdkuW2fx
s3Kwdh4U6UD9Vjz5Nn4leun3u09Xnf2t1T5PQ2oqAIr6F8+FqwHZ0K/uodt/sN9FsqSQaLth0c3wIR/y2+i1o3ZGiPvo8PgKv4Z
LsSUTC5V93YahC3ubrfpP9VnpNAgMo9R0ICGw+yx1osnJ1+pvttK6kdxsAAJNtpkJT/PkuNtI9/GbBb9FtrvRTuMyptNojKbCjU
CqGxYco0K0ABrmhzZC/6ZqnIRJ4LySNQywlrgWuaSCDeCDIg7ir7212m6i7ZfFhXwzCkMCO6aHNdoQSDvSdudkw4sGFtCBKrFsi
ACUnzNpGYkWuzIB/SWURsig9zqUO41WchCSgwiAE3djJOQhJAtVCSaSkkCuXosO1rTmGnwC86IV/oBBhwzmxn4Biufrv6RPm3tD
/eejZqGVwUcNB1wUsQe1vU+a42XWLV0CKWoJ+62XV6KyTBQBibs0S3CaIJ3KSlamVNZnZx8Va/k+hfzsR2UMD7zsOSqtXrq7FXb
5PYPsxnHNjeQcfeFtaOM3Ya+rnFqVvCMlAiAu64aIoyUQSSiKwUskiqLCbJ5Dig06XTTDY+I4iUpNGM7bzPUWSxSdn6GWsL3fTf
7R9FqR29/HbCBmyFJzzm7AHzVhDZBTvlXgHymH/ydJ/eb/ttWbsFtRpc6hxzODHmAJ2d4W1ZHKtYP3msK1/lFM9pUr+8lya0Ktt
MiCLCLQcRqFkxbO2tkuo8d8J05tJkZSrN/RdLULQkrz2ilTKBBpTQO9hVocYA2yBFZ8r5Vntfp3jlSSElWMhAhOQoQoEklIWSSU
oEkrzsZ04EKz+zb4Cr7lR1ddgP/AKPDvucNLHuC0tdH0m5o/uf46IMxcibvj4pQN/ii6Wo5rhuwBOniooZa7rbEFlCMYldL14Jw
Bl5eKFbROHeV6TlkMx1Jegdgof8ARnGUq0R3gGj1VABusvlLPgvS+x0KVEh6l7v4iPct7QR9SejS121v/XaCKiMl2XHRFGSkkAJ
XF2ltBrGGMPacZshgGcyfZkMOiunS4tzZG2czgABP2slxdmQ/nUcxj/VQyWwhgTcX+iK6Owtm91D9q17zWcdTaukUZKSRHzz29M
9o0r++d6e5V8tXe7ZmdPpR/bxPxFcQhEWXsDthsKM6FFkYUdpYQbq0jV5zLD+9ouNt7YjqNGdDdOVhaSJVmG0HfgRgQVp1VdaZP
aNA72+PRWgPtte20lxEsWAGebHZqwKJJCSylqUhRWMhIQstVKWoMRVx7ME/N25Bzx/FP3qolqtXZW2CdHnxDTNaet+zLa0n3Ydp
s+E+sUDPOfDljuT1NeuSQtOa4OejtltnhLf1NRFzTn1oon6Qg8vTBM3rlilDdMtEQRl5eCqsnQyXpWwNoQW0aC0xYQIY2YMRgIJ
tIInYbV5qDLDLJedUmJWe45uceZK6X8d31Ofr5+WH1ENowjdFh/6jPVZG0tn12ffb6r5WmiHLsbOU+qxHb9Zv3h6pu9GY5hfKYi
FXHsZCECFF2hFJDYQLIIsm+KbDKYOBlP8AWOSbD1PbEZ8UiA0yfGcZ1T9CCDaTO4m5Wah0MQ2NY0SDQAF8sRaa973RHONZzi4me
JM0wpj/AKzvvFNh9WBpy8CiGHI8l8qjaET67/vO9VkbtSLhFiffd6psiwdqaG80ykGo+2NF/Rd9c6Lkmhu+q77p9F9E9l3H5lRZ
kk/N4JJJJJnDbaSV1FB8wfNzkeRXZ7J7RMCkCtZDiDuokwS0BxEnEYgGXAlfQslKiD507V7C+a0l8MfQPtM0af0Tq0zHAZrili+
kKTCEKJXlNr3AGZuJk2yd11y6PdNOA5BWR8tlqBbqOa+ozRm/Vb90eiU0Rn1G/db6KD5bI1HNWTsq72HjJ3/Eei9+NBh/Zs+430
VR+UCihoglrWtteLGgT+jfILW1UZtVNnTbXYUwHQ9WZ2/BCWicC28cvJK5p0zuXzuXcKooRZhPd8VFcZQm787N9qcTxNvCz0WO3
mnAOYzwzySWYUixpIwE+QtXnE16DtF0oMQ5Mf5SncvP5Lrfx0fLVLl6+d6YBFSSMl1HNbWytmujxWQmXuN8iZAWucQMAJngu323
2lDrMolHEoNHAaTjEeJzc7cS7iXLbopOzaJ3xAFJpLasKf0ocOw1pSsmJG+f0Rmqe1vPFBJIqIyQQJggAnA8iiPp7s22VDow/wD
Xg/7bV0ZLS2E2VFo4/YQv9tq3kAURUQJFhhwINxWnQXkFzHXg2HMS8cVvLS2lCPsvaZFpmbZWfnJBtqIQ3zAIxRQKVVPlBhzhQj
k93i34K2FVnt8ydHbpFb+Fy8r326ukvaxP1Kerz8wx16oPYNPJN1h1egXDjwXzGXfIW69c1EO7Civ+jEB1JZA2Q+Cxg7urt6eW6
asq0NvulR37gOZGqpCuHad8qORZa5vnP3KoSXa0EfSz5uRrp+pjyALudldlNixa8WyDCHeRCbjVBcGcZHgCuM0TVo2+80Wiw6GJ
B8T+djyMzbKTSd4lLJgOK6DRcTbu1TSo7opnV+iwEzIYLpzxN51K0ZIhSSASRARkiAgACerYdygCcBEfUWymygQRlCh/gC2lhoQ
lDhj9Rg/hCzIIoooVQECEVEHL2e/un9y7GbmmUgROZ4zK6S0tq0cltdom9gLm64keHgtii0iuwOzFu/EIMhVe7dN/ohleHsPmrC
uH2zbOhxNCw/xhYXN6Z6PS1OK46vNmknfx8UpN+A4pQRnbwwRI18V8tL6FHHryUUItvwUTKNdjZcDrgPAJ2N6nZ8Ugb1PzRq6rO
erKHE7VvkxgzcTfkPiqyAu/2qd7UMaE+MvcuXs7Z7o0RsNt7jfgBi46ALu6OMWYcTVzm7Lq9laIxpdSY0xDgiYl9Jz7A0N3Ei3M
tXIptKdFiPiP+k8lxyGTRoBIcF1u0NPEm0aER3UG+Vz4ltZxOMiTbmTouJJbbVLJNJSSaSBQEZJgE0kAATw2oALNRme0BqPNEfU
EISa0aDyTqBRBJqKKTVEQKhQQRcuCO5jEE+xFILROwOxA3k+S6a1No0LvGyuc01mnJwQbS5Haps6JG/dH4gtzZlM7yGC4ScLHDI
j1vWv2jZOixx+zd4WqT3MqZxVDyogBSQUqhJITn7vJfLT1l9GaQnP81EhAstzkbMVFO/8AIRoUA+CU8PcmrLIVntKZxgMmDzK2K
O8Uajl0v52MCGnFjLiQMzM+GSx9oaK7vK1UkVRaBMAiwgyuXOjRXOlWnYJCa+g0+Oyp6OFf+5UwAIyTKTGY5rYeBaqaSICYNQKA
jJOGo1UCgLYoLJxGD9dv4gsQat3ZMOceEM4kMfxhEfSzrzvQUN53lBUGaiE1JoIopNAlBECpNCaDmRz3UcPJkyIAw5B87DxsHFZ
trtnAjD9m/wDCVl2hRBFhluN4ngRaLljiMd3JDyC7u3BxFxNUgymhDyNxPU0tY39Y3JidclF8tVtL6POxfKfXBRTiomTLBfLcPP
coc95vSgdWKNnJZKygSuOdoJGHwT134Pf952W9YTv8vRE9dSViuqO6rCTTTPfDP3rrPaOF5Jv35KGIbbbLbw0+YWEA5+aZp155z
V7a5zJ2dHhByJ31T/gh/wDVKYY+pDN39lC/6oC7nnLBGWF/5YK9vc5pTsbfLCdw37OF/pMzx9lR1Fh/ZQsf7Me5FrR0JY22ohv5
2cPBOJuc0nYWuWCmhwvsYX3T7nJoNHhsc1zYUMOaQ4GT7CDMWVtAiCPPLLwUDR5HSavFXY/6Yzp7XKsw7d0r9nO39A+qcdvaRlC
P+B3qqvKz4ckSLcL53WrLjb3N7Qx4a1yrQPlApH1YZ4O9U4+UCP8AUh/xKptstx4XoHfZbu0l4rLjb3N7Qk6W14Lb/KHG+yh83I
/yiRfsWfed6KpWaYfGWSmHirx13xj9JwlrwW4fKJE+xZ98+ig+UZ32Lfvn0VQl1b6oBv5Ycllx13xj9HCWvBcv5RXfYD/U/wDla
20e3cSIwsbDbDrCRdWLiAcrBaqsRl1lig7q/kpOuuz+Y/SRpbUb4QtHxsUq9e5Sc+ilJWnmfFsg5nX5WqJUVlv4jCU80gHuRaJr
KRJ6+Kefv68lKqPp71jkMD1K1QXJUWnresRkrdSzR6uWKsoHKKyA+7DKxMTnesTXIB6GWU+e5Qxd92nWKRkQkIk9cUMnB6s3dXK
VurErnJO9M+E0MshdLoblA7G605YpGPUrqmTSt5+tidssvDrFYw7yUmomT1ue6XNRzuhksZcpWVUxfZpb4pTE+Fnjqo4dcSsc1Y
wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q==
Rhodophyta
•Buněčná stěna - polygalaktany (agar, karagen)
•Kalcifikace buněčné stěny
•Rhodomorfin - glykoprotein
•Chlorofyl a, d
•Chloroplasty mají dvě obalné membrány
•Thylakoidy nesrůstají
•Thylakoidy-fykobilizomy- fykobiliproteiny (c-fykocyanin, allofykocyanin, r-fykocyanin,
r-fykoerythrin)
•Florideový škrob (v plazmě)
•Floridozid - sacharid, osmoregulace
•Žádné bičíky!
•Potravinářský, farmaceutický průmysl
•

Rozmnožování ruduch
•Nepohlavní: monosporami
•Pohlavní: oogamie – vaječná b. (karpogon) je oplozena nepohyblivou samčí gametou (spermacií, které
se tvoří v spermatangiích)
•
[USEMAP]

http://www.sinicearasy.cz/sites/default/files/Rhodophyta_stelky.gif
Typy stélek ruduch


Ekologie
•Tropická moře, mangrove, sladké čisté vody i polární oblasti
•U nás ohrožená skupina
•Některé druhy endolitické, aerofytické, epifytické nebo parazitické
•Často kalcifikované
•
[USEMAP]

Systém
•Třída Rhodophyceae
•Podtřída: Bangiophycideae (starší polyfyletická), jednodušší, převážně jednobuněčné nebo vláknité
typy, jediná ploše listovitá stélka u rodu Porphyra •Podtřída: Florideophycideae (mladší
monofyletická), mnohobuněčné a makroskopické stélky, karpogony s trychogynem
•

Porphyridium cruentum
http://ccala.butbn.cas.cz
http://ccala.butbn.cas.cz/sites/default/files/styles/ccala_big/public/ccala_collection/13643/135291
9814-415.jpg
http://ccala.butbn.cas.cz

Batrachospermum sp.
Batrachospermum PCDimage
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jpg

Lemanea sp.
http://www.biopix-foto.de/photos/jcs-lemanea-fluviatilis-63004.jpg
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Rhodophyceae/Microreds/LEMANEA/Lemanea_03_400x264.jpg
http://cfb.unh.edu

http://www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Audouinella-630x.jpg
http://www.buildingthepride.com/faculty/pgdavison/rhodo1.jpg
Audouinella sp.

Porphyra (Nori)
•
http://www.dokonalazena.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/braker.jpg
http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/ServerFileServlet?f=figis/species/images/Porphyra/por_ten_2790_1.j
pg http://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/seaweeds/images/porphyra-jh.jpg
http://www.fao.org

Přehled systému říše Plantae
•Podříše Biliphyta
•Odd. Glaucophyta
•Odd. Rhodophyta
•
•Podříše Viridiplantae
•Vývojová linie Chlorophytae
•Odd. Chlorophyta
•Vývojová linie Streptophytae
•Odd. Charophyta
•Odd. Anthocerotophyta
•Odd. Marchantiophyta
•Odd. Bryophyta
•Odd. Cormophyta
•
data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSERQUEhQWFBUWFRUUFxcXFhcVFBYXGBUYFBcU
FBgXGyYeGBwjGRcUHy8gJCcpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYrLCkBCQoKDgwOGg8PGiocHCQtLCwsLCwvLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwwKSwpLCk
sLCwsLCksLCwsLCwsKSwsLCwsLCwpLP/AABEIAPwAyAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAACAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAGAwQFBwj/xA
BJEAABAgIHBQUDCAUMAwEAAAABAAIDEQQSITFBUWEFcYGR8AYTobHRIsHhBxQyUlOSsvFCYmNyohcjJDNDc4KDk7PC0iVk4hb/x
AAaAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEBQMG/8QALREBAAEDAgMGBgMBAAAAAAAAAAECAxEEIRRScRMxUWFioRIiIzNBkQUygUL/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKZLRQN0TtwsKkupriZd5KpyCIapwCnJRUq6jrFQcE1XqSnFQAi+0ItGZRl1JQDeoJVGZ5eCNVEN3qBu9RS
ho1s3ppDXrjYjV0RDdPH4pkXLZcWrsqIADMl0zgLM1R4t2N6u9Fiy2U4SNrnEnAWixUqM3Tq5bl+dqOjUsd9fVqEb1mgMGSxBmn
itqEyzDn8F4VTs2IM1uiFUZIy0CPLrgvLLNjc3REtH1QmmNEHNGnWSZQrRpwULRl8UbNPHxUG4c1chao9yUwxknluRloEyjHwKC
YgdFRZBgzRSW5GVl1yMrljlkAGckQdVGjqaatutUVJi6dqWevXRToz6ksVK0dWohvwv9U3VynO3FMiOYMj1ihrIoiefhxTTUCt3
eXgi4aeSbnzUAOvNBaH0mrstrQ0yLjbZL6V2apsYaFXDalYUCACABhb7RMzeqhSL8efxW5fn5qY8mpY7qp85YWttuW4zctSC1bp
ZmBzWvcls0oNyEzfJGp5ZqSt+K8mRTPIWqEnIfDkpV3KFluHNVA4BTgoTZhz66CBHPeqI4GzrghwTDq1C1EK5umHQURKCyAkgAN
FkI4/BEsPPfuUyywUdWJhv8EwB6yRqHMaWD1WOTBc77NEQd/gnAtFvCzPGak77VMqUbviJJu7389UQBO/rkgGa2cfNTIDmGV2l9
yIZp575pmjU9BCVvwTJgQ26zx8NyjWHLdpYpLfyTMA1I6nikCw7bgO+aUe8ipOWDcJ53kKoUhkz71de122ob2MZCYWggOcSBOyY
DBI3Cc8J2KkRTbit2/jtNvBp6fPwb+J6PCx8FskGVw6tWOAyycr1mqDLyWpXVu24SpoOSEjojV6zULNFgoOblJSW5GUrJeAtSlg
tMvJBC1AMOiNQJXNGXWauQpZhIclO70CLmDKahbvWWUIGaBREtFxnbyUVygBu/ijJEjTznwRazdNTLJAma7cPciG7kQw9YrHIXr
PkjPWSMjM3dcUzd/XBSZC1tURbny45KOGqM5k22dfFAZ70OaLpZy43270KmpPU/RRUc6ydt193ErBs7aDHxBY4wwbTOU/1QTYJy
1Ww5gcJEEg2GU5yu4Ls0LY1HqzIeLnNa0A1ofeVZMGYxnb7JsN629NRFWc97V1Fc04x3NHtfHZFiBtEnDhswkS/2pTrW3WGS4EG
ivDS4vDwCAbJOaTdPMGRXpw2fQ4YZEbXcBEk4uPsva0gkWSMzDJs0Xn3aImHHPfezWDXhuFRwmy79UyW/eonGZxPSGpariasR7y
ejtsnLrmslWYu581go1JY4CVqzEDrwmuPVExLqRvCGFogW6eNmSkhPH3yUsvlff1+axVA3Tx66KhZpPimsy8FLLddPcmQKunkkI
M7G+PmslUDBLZkes0iUJKcrJcepoloy8UXET+HklIF9vIzWSELd6icy6BUWWfFCX9YdeadrepFKDrojuPgoyNIa9XJgLLvDVDn1
5I1d6xAsldpgnsyw00UbuKMtDZ1moFI08fSxMDfYOZ9JqS0+KMtEyoyNlgwz/JSscRbx6CJOY9OKlXoqGQr4WLqbChsLq0WIWth
+2Gicq2BsBsmbguZKWWPRXQ2HFlE9poeCCJG47x1cs7d6LOa8Zw8L9E10OiKD3hqQ5n9OVsqxnMHT3GSqHbfaTIlJZUAJbCYx0z
Wk5swQcpXS0Vu7S7d+a0Z5gsDC+zifTK5eTMiGtPGd63tJqatTTNeMU/hzfh+CVj2fRzK2qNF1BvHXvWrs0zbgtoDctK7Vmqcut
RGyA5kKF27RMWqGenivHZkSZzCDDu5JwDp8EpBzHWeSyAL9QpPcjPUGevU1CECl2o+KUnCz0T1fTFLI6TVjCFnu63KIubu681Fl
GBBO09FQTHu08b0oCJAyPL4oyPVN894st3oyM5z6uAFiFULc2dBESNDbIyc9rTdcTI+ClMZmIhJnEZYWQibp9HcoIJyPI9BerUi
J3TQIcMu/Ra1tgAAxOAkuXF7QRmfToruDnEeEMrpcBHN7Odx08vu8/bCOIJ4HopTCM52iyy/LG1Xd3bYg/1JkL/6yze4w6oSRPl
ChYBnGKP+LSFOBp5l42eX3UowgM7fS/rJNUvv8VdGdt630TRxvjT9FngdpIr7G/NSf74HwrJwNPMcbPL7qIAMp8PgtrZjR3jb8T
OVlyvJi0h98aBDH6paTzM1r0uhw2trRKQHXCs53sNNwunabV46jQzFur4JmqfA4z4tpjCh/KC/+ahj9YnkFVtjUAOMyrT21pkNn
d97D72C4EVmOuN4ldeDO/Aqtih0F4myO+FZOq4E25Tl716aHTV0aaKKvll4TdpivPe77YbQLB4SwTWZHrNV7/8AOQnGTKZDIsvI
BtzBcFjPZaJhGhG/+0yWXA+p78d6fdZKwyIvtw3TTAAiwG+V2Kq57NRAbY0Ia96kOxwL6XBGMq5PvU4D1Lx3pWuYOCE9PIcrVVD
szKlwj/mEYJDQnC+lQxuiOPkpwPqXjfStwllr7/ehZkeXiqZGjxYLmkRq4vBDi4EDMFXWduHL4rXv6ebOJzmJe1m/F3MYxIWXy3
2WcUsm3SHITTh91o0S5zl1pNazYwxuYBOw7pSQTF11yiziQBvTBk8fLJEA9e9Ez6vuymscqjRxPJdfsrCDqXB0cXXfVBdkuW2fx
s3Kwdh4U6UD9Vjz5Nn4leun3u09Xnf2t1T5PQ2oqAIr6F8+FqwHZ0K/uodt/sN9FsqSQaLth0c3wIR/y2+i1o3ZGiPvo8PgKv4Z
LsSUTC5V93YahC3ubrfpP9VnpNAgMo9R0ICGw+yx1osnJ1+pvttK6kdxsAAJNtpkJT/PkuNtI9/GbBb9FtrvRTuMyptNojKbCjU
CqGxYco0K0ABrmhzZC/6ZqnIRJ4LySNQywlrgWuaSCDeCDIg7ir7212m6i7ZfFhXwzCkMCO6aHNdoQSDvSdudkw4sGFtCBKrFsi
ACUnzNpGYkWuzIB/SWURsig9zqUO41WchCSgwiAE3djJOQhJAtVCSaSkkCuXosO1rTmGnwC86IV/oBBhwzmxn4Biufrv6RPm3tD
/eejZqGVwUcNB1wUsQe1vU+a42XWLV0CKWoJ+62XV6KyTBQBibs0S3CaIJ3KSlamVNZnZx8Va/k+hfzsR2UMD7zsOSqtXrq7FXb
5PYPsxnHNjeQcfeFtaOM3Ya+rnFqVvCMlAiAu64aIoyUQSSiKwUskiqLCbJ5Dig06XTTDY+I4iUpNGM7bzPUWSxSdn6GWsL3fTf
7R9FqR29/HbCBmyFJzzm7AHzVhDZBTvlXgHymH/ydJ/eb/ttWbsFtRpc6hxzODHmAJ2d4W1ZHKtYP3msK1/lFM9pUr+8lya0Ktt
MiCLCLQcRqFkxbO2tkuo8d8J05tJkZSrN/RdLULQkrz2ilTKBBpTQO9hVocYA2yBFZ8r5Vntfp3jlSSElWMhAhOQoQoEklIWSSU
oEkrzsZ04EKz+zb4Cr7lR1ddgP/AKPDvucNLHuC0tdH0m5o/uf46IMxcibvj4pQN/ii6Wo5rhuwBOniooZa7rbEFlCMYldL14Jw
Bl5eKFbROHeV6TlkMx1Jegdgof8ARnGUq0R3gGj1VABusvlLPgvS+x0KVEh6l7v4iPct7QR9SejS121v/XaCKiMl2XHRFGSkkAJ
XF2ltBrGGMPacZshgGcyfZkMOiunS4tzZG2czgABP2slxdmQ/nUcxj/VQyWwhgTcX+iK6Owtm91D9q17zWcdTaukUZKSRHzz29M
9o0r++d6e5V8tXe7ZmdPpR/bxPxFcQhEWXsDthsKM6FFkYUdpYQbq0jV5zLD+9ouNt7YjqNGdDdOVhaSJVmG0HfgRgQVp1VdaZP
aNA72+PRWgPtte20lxEsWAGebHZqwKJJCSylqUhRWMhIQstVKWoMRVx7ME/N25Bzx/FP3qolqtXZW2CdHnxDTNaet+zLa0n3Ydp
s+E+sUDPOfDljuT1NeuSQtOa4OejtltnhLf1NRFzTn1oon6Qg8vTBM3rlilDdMtEQRl5eCqsnQyXpWwNoQW0aC0xYQIY2YMRgIJ
tIInYbV5qDLDLJedUmJWe45uceZK6X8d31Ofr5+WH1ENowjdFh/6jPVZG0tn12ffb6r5WmiHLsbOU+qxHb9Zv3h6pu9GY5hfKYi
FXHsZCECFF2hFJDYQLIIsm+KbDKYOBlP8AWOSbD1PbEZ8UiA0yfGcZ1T9CCDaTO4m5Wah0MQ2NY0SDQAF8sRaa973RHONZzi4me
JM0wpj/AKzvvFNh9WBpy8CiGHI8l8qjaET67/vO9VkbtSLhFiffd6psiwdqaG80ykGo+2NF/Rd9c6Lkmhu+q77p9F9E9l3H5lRZ
kk/N4JJJJJnDbaSV1FB8wfNzkeRXZ7J7RMCkCtZDiDuokwS0BxEnEYgGXAlfQslKiD507V7C+a0l8MfQPtM0af0Tq0zHAZrili+
kKTCEKJXlNr3AGZuJk2yd11y6PdNOA5BWR8tlqBbqOa+ozRm/Vb90eiU0Rn1G/db6KD5bI1HNWTsq72HjJ3/Eei9+NBh/Zs+430
VR+UCihoglrWtteLGgT+jfILW1UZtVNnTbXYUwHQ9WZ2/BCWicC28cvJK5p0zuXzuXcKooRZhPd8VFcZQm787N9qcTxNvCz0WO3
mnAOYzwzySWYUixpIwE+QtXnE16DtF0oMQ5Mf5SncvP5Lrfx0fLVLl6+d6YBFSSMl1HNbWytmujxWQmXuN8iZAWucQMAJngu323
2lDrMolHEoNHAaTjEeJzc7cS7iXLbopOzaJ3xAFJpLasKf0ocOw1pSsmJG+f0Rmqe1vPFBJIqIyQQJggAnA8iiPp7s22VDow/wD
Xg/7bV0ZLS2E2VFo4/YQv9tq3kAURUQJFhhwINxWnQXkFzHXg2HMS8cVvLS2lCPsvaZFpmbZWfnJBtqIQ3zAIxRQKVVPlBhzhQj
k93i34K2FVnt8ydHbpFb+Fy8r326ukvaxP1Kerz8wx16oPYNPJN1h1egXDjwXzGXfIW69c1EO7Civ+jEB1JZA2Q+Cxg7urt6eW6
asq0NvulR37gOZGqpCuHad8qORZa5vnP3KoSXa0EfSz5uRrp+pjyALudldlNixa8WyDCHeRCbjVBcGcZHgCuM0TVo2+80Wiw6GJ
B8T+djyMzbKTSd4lLJgOK6DRcTbu1TSo7opnV+iwEzIYLpzxN51K0ZIhSSASRARkiAgACerYdygCcBEfUWymygQRlCh/gC2lhoQ
lDhj9Rg/hCzIIoooVQECEVEHL2e/un9y7GbmmUgROZ4zK6S0tq0cltdom9gLm64keHgtii0iuwOzFu/EIMhVe7dN/ohleHsPmrC
uH2zbOhxNCw/xhYXN6Z6PS1OK46vNmknfx8UpN+A4pQRnbwwRI18V8tL6FHHryUUItvwUTKNdjZcDrgPAJ2N6nZ8Ugb1PzRq6rO
erKHE7VvkxgzcTfkPiqyAu/2qd7UMaE+MvcuXs7Z7o0RsNt7jfgBi46ALu6OMWYcTVzm7Lq9laIxpdSY0xDgiYl9Jz7A0N3Ei3M
tXIptKdFiPiP+k8lxyGTRoBIcF1u0NPEm0aER3UG+Vz4ltZxOMiTbmTouJJbbVLJNJSSaSBQEZJgE0kAATw2oALNRme0BqPNEfU
EISa0aDyTqBRBJqKKTVEQKhQQRcuCO5jEE+xFILROwOxA3k+S6a1No0LvGyuc01mnJwQbS5Haps6JG/dH4gtzZlM7yGC4ScLHDI
j1vWv2jZOixx+zd4WqT3MqZxVDyogBSQUqhJITn7vJfLT1l9GaQnP81EhAstzkbMVFO/8AIRoUA+CU8PcmrLIVntKZxgMmDzK2K
O8Uajl0v52MCGnFjLiQMzM+GSx9oaK7vK1UkVRaBMAiwgyuXOjRXOlWnYJCa+g0+Oyp6OFf+5UwAIyTKTGY5rYeBaqaSICYNQKA
jJOGo1UCgLYoLJxGD9dv4gsQat3ZMOceEM4kMfxhEfSzrzvQUN53lBUGaiE1JoIopNAlBECpNCaDmRz3UcPJkyIAw5B87DxsHFZ
trtnAjD9m/wDCVl2hRBFhluN4ngRaLljiMd3JDyC7u3BxFxNUgymhDyNxPU0tY39Y3JidclF8tVtL6POxfKfXBRTiomTLBfLcPP
coc95vSgdWKNnJZKygSuOdoJGHwT134Pf952W9YTv8vRE9dSViuqO6rCTTTPfDP3rrPaOF5Jv35KGIbbbLbw0+YWEA5+aZp155z
V7a5zJ2dHhByJ31T/gh/wDVKYY+pDN39lC/6oC7nnLBGWF/5YK9vc5pTsbfLCdw37OF/pMzx9lR1Fh/ZQsf7Me5FrR0JY22ohv5
2cPBOJuc0nYWuWCmhwvsYX3T7nJoNHhsc1zYUMOaQ4GT7CDMWVtAiCPPLLwUDR5HSavFXY/6Yzp7XKsw7d0r9nO39A+qcdvaRlC
P+B3qqvKz4ckSLcL53WrLjb3N7Qx4a1yrQPlApH1YZ4O9U4+UCP8AUh/xKptstx4XoHfZbu0l4rLjb3N7Qk6W14Lb/KHG+yh83I
/yiRfsWfed6KpWaYfGWSmHirx13xj9JwlrwW4fKJE+xZ98+ig+UZ32Lfvn0VQl1b6oBv5Ycllx13xj9HCWvBcv5RXfYD/U/wDla
20e3cSIwsbDbDrCRdWLiAcrBaqsRl1lig7q/kpOuuz+Y/SRpbUb4QtHxsUq9e5Sc+ilJWnmfFsg5nX5WqJUVlv4jCU80gHuRaJr
KRJ6+Kefv68lKqPp71jkMD1K1QXJUWnresRkrdSzR6uWKsoHKKyA+7DKxMTnesTXIB6GWU+e5Qxd92nWKRkQkIk9cUMnB6s3dXK
VurErnJO9M+E0MshdLoblA7G605YpGPUrqmTSt5+tidssvDrFYw7yUmomT1ue6XNRzuhksZcpWVUxfZpb4pTE+Fnjqo4dcSsc1Y
wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q==

Podříše Viridiplantae
•1,5 mld. let staré
•Suchozemské rostliny - 700 mil. let
•Monofyletický původ (sekvence aminokyselin aktinu, enzymu Rubisco a nukleotidů 18S rDNA)
•2 sesterské vývojové linie
•Chlorophytae - odd. Chlorophyta
•Streptophytae - odd. Charophyta, Bryophyta, Cormophyta
•
[USEMAP]

Chlorophyta
•Slepá vývojová linie
•Všechny typy stélek (téměř)
•Chlorofyly a, b, β-karoten (karotenoidy někdy velmi výrazné)
•BS zpravidla celulózní (občas glykoprotein)
•Lutein, zeaxantin, violaxantin, neoxantin
•Pyrenoid
•Stigma v chloroplastu
•Fykoplast v mitóze
•Škrob (chloroplasty, leukoplasty, povrch pyrenoidu)
•
•
•
[USEMAP]

Chlorophyta
•Bičíkový aparát 9+2
•Tubulin
•Dynein (kontraktilní)
•Mikrotubulární kořeny
•DO-orientace (12/6)
•CCW-orientace (11/5)
•CW-orientace (1/7)
•
•
[USEMAP]
Výsledek obrázku pro arrangements of microtubular roots in the flagella Výsledek obrázku pro
chlorophyta kinetozom

Nepohlavní rozmnožování
•Bičíkovci: schizotomie
•Jednobuněční: sporulace, tzv. cytogonie (dceřinné nebo rozmnožovací buňky vznikají uvnitř mateřské
buněčné stěny. Vzniknou buď 2-4 bičíkaté zoospory nebo nepohyblivé autospory)
•Typy žijící v coenobiích se rozmnožují dceřinými coenobii
•Vláknité typy se vegetativně dělí tzv. cytotomií, kdy se v mateřské buňce vytvoří příčná
přehrádka, vzniknou dvě buňky dceřiné a část stěny mateřské buňky je zachována i pro dceřinou
buňku.
Volvox

Pohlavní rozmnožování
• izo-, anizo- , oogamie
•Většina zelených řas má ortomitózu – je vytvořeno bipolární vřeténko od pólu k pólu, v metafázi
jsou chromozómy uspořádány v ekvatoriální destičce. •Dva typy ortomitózy, podle stupně rozpadu
jaderné membrány:
•uzavřená ortomitóza: jaderná blána zůstává zachována
•otevřená ortomitóza: je klasický typ, kdy se jaderná membrána rozpadá

Mikrotubulární systémy v cytokinezi
•Oddělení dceřiných buněk
•Dva typy: fykoplast, fragmoplast
•
•Fykoplast: mitotické vřeténko se úplně rozpadne, vytvoří se nová struktura kolmo na jeho původní
směr (primitivnější způsob)
•
•Fragmoplast:  vzniká z pozůstatků mitotického vřeténka, zakládá se buněčná destička (odvozenější,
mají ho vyšší rostliny)
•
•
•
[USEMAP]

Systém, třídy
•Důležité znaky:
1.sekvence (SSU) 18S rRNA
2.morfologie stélek, povrch buněk
•3.    způsob rozmnožování
•4.    postavení bazí bičíků
•
•Prasinophyceae  (většinou bičíkovci  s organickými šupinami na povrchu)
•Ulvophyceae       (vláknité až sifonální stélky a CCW konfigurace)
•Cladophorophyceae
•Bryopsidophyceae
•Dasycladophyceae
•Trentepohliophyceae
•Trebouxiophyceae (většinou jednobuněční s CCW konfigurací)
•Chlorophyceae (mnoho typů stélek, stěna je polysacharidová ev. glykoproteinová (chlamys), bičíkatá
stádia mají DO a CW)
•
Výsledek obrázku pro green algae

•
•
Odd.: Chlorophyta
Třída: PRASINOPHYCEAE
•Micromonas sp.
•Bičíkovci
•Kokální stélka
•Bičíky 1-2-8
•1 chloroplast s pyrenoidem
•Prasinoxantin
•Schizotomie
•Hologamie
Scanning electron microscope image of Micromonas http://www.osel.cz/_popisky/124_/1240180418.jpg
http://www.mbari.org

data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSERQUEhQWFBUWFRUUFxcXFhcVFBYXGBUYFBcU
FBgXGyYeGBwjGRcUHy8gJCcpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYrLCkBCQoKDgwOGg8PGiocHCQtLCwsLCwvLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwwKSwpLCk
sLCwsLCksLCwsLCwsKSwsLCwsLCwpLP/AABEIAPwAyAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAACAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAGAwQFBwj/xA
BJEAABAgIHBQUDCAUMAwEAAAABAAIDEQQSITFBUWEFcYGR8AYTobHRIsHhBxQyUlOSsvFCYmNyohcjJDNDc4KDk7PC0iVk4hb/x
AAaAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEBQMG/8QALREBAAEDAgMGBgMBAAAAAAAAAAECAxEEIRRScRMxUWFioRIiIzNBkQUygUL/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKZLRQN0TtwsKkupriZd5KpyCIapwCnJRUq6jrFQcE1XqSnFQAi+0ItGZRl1JQDeoJVGZ5eCNVEN3qBu9RS
ho1s3ppDXrjYjV0RDdPH4pkXLZcWrsqIADMl0zgLM1R4t2N6u9Fiy2U4SNrnEnAWixUqM3Tq5bl+dqOjUsd9fVqEb1mgMGSxBmn
itqEyzDn8F4VTs2IM1uiFUZIy0CPLrgvLLNjc3REtH1QmmNEHNGnWSZQrRpwULRl8UbNPHxUG4c1chao9yUwxknluRloEyjHwKC
YgdFRZBgzRSW5GVl1yMrljlkAGckQdVGjqaatutUVJi6dqWevXRToz6ksVK0dWohvwv9U3VynO3FMiOYMj1ihrIoiefhxTTUCt3
eXgi4aeSbnzUAOvNBaH0mrstrQ0yLjbZL6V2apsYaFXDalYUCACABhb7RMzeqhSL8efxW5fn5qY8mpY7qp85YWttuW4zctSC1bp
ZmBzWvcls0oNyEzfJGp5ZqSt+K8mRTPIWqEnIfDkpV3KFluHNVA4BTgoTZhz66CBHPeqI4GzrghwTDq1C1EK5umHQURKCyAkgAN
FkI4/BEsPPfuUyywUdWJhv8EwB6yRqHMaWD1WOTBc77NEQd/gnAtFvCzPGak77VMqUbviJJu7389UQBO/rkgGa2cfNTIDmGV2l9
yIZp575pmjU9BCVvwTJgQ26zx8NyjWHLdpYpLfyTMA1I6nikCw7bgO+aUe8ipOWDcJ53kKoUhkz71de122ob2MZCYWggOcSBOyY
DBI3Cc8J2KkRTbit2/jtNvBp6fPwb+J6PCx8FskGVw6tWOAyycr1mqDLyWpXVu24SpoOSEjojV6zULNFgoOblJSW5GUrJeAtSlg
tMvJBC1AMOiNQJXNGXWauQpZhIclO70CLmDKahbvWWUIGaBREtFxnbyUVygBu/ijJEjTznwRazdNTLJAma7cPciG7kQw9YrHIXr
PkjPWSMjM3dcUzd/XBSZC1tURbny45KOGqM5k22dfFAZ70OaLpZy43270KmpPU/RRUc6ydt193ErBs7aDHxBY4wwbTOU/1QTYJy
1Ww5gcJEEg2GU5yu4Ls0LY1HqzIeLnNa0A1ofeVZMGYxnb7JsN629NRFWc97V1Fc04x3NHtfHZFiBtEnDhswkS/2pTrW3WGS4EG
ivDS4vDwCAbJOaTdPMGRXpw2fQ4YZEbXcBEk4uPsva0gkWSMzDJs0Xn3aImHHPfezWDXhuFRwmy79UyW/eonGZxPSGpariasR7y
ejtsnLrmslWYu581go1JY4CVqzEDrwmuPVExLqRvCGFogW6eNmSkhPH3yUsvlff1+axVA3Tx66KhZpPimsy8FLLddPcmQKunkkI
M7G+PmslUDBLZkes0iUJKcrJcepoloy8UXET+HklIF9vIzWSELd6icy6BUWWfFCX9YdeadrepFKDrojuPgoyNIa9XJgLLvDVDn1
5I1d6xAsldpgnsyw00UbuKMtDZ1moFI08fSxMDfYOZ9JqS0+KMtEyoyNlgwz/JSscRbx6CJOY9OKlXoqGQr4WLqbChsLq0WIWth
+2Gicq2BsBsmbguZKWWPRXQ2HFlE9poeCCJG47x1cs7d6LOa8Zw8L9E10OiKD3hqQ5n9OVsqxnMHT3GSqHbfaTIlJZUAJbCYx0z
Wk5swQcpXS0Vu7S7d+a0Z5gsDC+zifTK5eTMiGtPGd63tJqatTTNeMU/hzfh+CVj2fRzK2qNF1BvHXvWrs0zbgtoDctK7Vmqcut
RGyA5kKF27RMWqGenivHZkSZzCDDu5JwDp8EpBzHWeSyAL9QpPcjPUGevU1CECl2o+KUnCz0T1fTFLI6TVjCFnu63KIubu681Fl
GBBO09FQTHu08b0oCJAyPL4oyPVN894st3oyM5z6uAFiFULc2dBESNDbIyc9rTdcTI+ClMZmIhJnEZYWQibp9HcoIJyPI9BerUi
J3TQIcMu/Ra1tgAAxOAkuXF7QRmfToruDnEeEMrpcBHN7Odx08vu8/bCOIJ4HopTCM52iyy/LG1Xd3bYg/1JkL/6yze4w6oSRPl
ChYBnGKP+LSFOBp5l42eX3UowgM7fS/rJNUvv8VdGdt630TRxvjT9FngdpIr7G/NSf74HwrJwNPMcbPL7qIAMp8PgtrZjR3jb8T
OVlyvJi0h98aBDH6paTzM1r0uhw2trRKQHXCs53sNNwunabV46jQzFur4JmqfA4z4tpjCh/KC/+ahj9YnkFVtjUAOMyrT21pkNn
d97D72C4EVmOuN4ldeDO/Aqtih0F4myO+FZOq4E25Tl716aHTV0aaKKvll4TdpivPe77YbQLB4SwTWZHrNV7/8AOQnGTKZDIsvI
BtzBcFjPZaJhGhG/+0yWXA+p78d6fdZKwyIvtw3TTAAiwG+V2Kq57NRAbY0Ia96kOxwL6XBGMq5PvU4D1Lx3pWuYOCE9PIcrVVD
szKlwj/mEYJDQnC+lQxuiOPkpwPqXjfStwllr7/ehZkeXiqZGjxYLmkRq4vBDi4EDMFXWduHL4rXv6ebOJzmJe1m/F3MYxIWXy3
2WcUsm3SHITTh91o0S5zl1pNazYwxuYBOw7pSQTF11yiziQBvTBk8fLJEA9e9Ez6vuymscqjRxPJdfsrCDqXB0cXXfVBdkuW2fx
s3Kwdh4U6UD9Vjz5Nn4leun3u09Xnf2t1T5PQ2oqAIr6F8+FqwHZ0K/uodt/sN9FsqSQaLth0c3wIR/y2+i1o3ZGiPvo8PgKv4Z
LsSUTC5V93YahC3ubrfpP9VnpNAgMo9R0ICGw+yx1osnJ1+pvttK6kdxsAAJNtpkJT/PkuNtI9/GbBb9FtrvRTuMyptNojKbCjU
CqGxYco0K0ABrmhzZC/6ZqnIRJ4LySNQywlrgWuaSCDeCDIg7ir7212m6i7ZfFhXwzCkMCO6aHNdoQSDvSdudkw4sGFtCBKrFsi
ACUnzNpGYkWuzIB/SWURsig9zqUO41WchCSgwiAE3djJOQhJAtVCSaSkkCuXosO1rTmGnwC86IV/oBBhwzmxn4Biufrv6RPm3tD
/eejZqGVwUcNB1wUsQe1vU+a42XWLV0CKWoJ+62XV6KyTBQBibs0S3CaIJ3KSlamVNZnZx8Va/k+hfzsR2UMD7zsOSqtXrq7FXb
5PYPsxnHNjeQcfeFtaOM3Ya+rnFqVvCMlAiAu64aIoyUQSSiKwUskiqLCbJ5Dig06XTTDY+I4iUpNGM7bzPUWSxSdn6GWsL3fTf
7R9FqR29/HbCBmyFJzzm7AHzVhDZBTvlXgHymH/ydJ/eb/ttWbsFtRpc6hxzODHmAJ2d4W1ZHKtYP3msK1/lFM9pUr+8lya0Ktt
MiCLCLQcRqFkxbO2tkuo8d8J05tJkZSrN/RdLULQkrz2ilTKBBpTQO9hVocYA2yBFZ8r5Vntfp3jlSSElWMhAhOQoQoEklIWSSU
oEkrzsZ04EKz+zb4Cr7lR1ddgP/AKPDvucNLHuC0tdH0m5o/uf46IMxcibvj4pQN/ii6Wo5rhuwBOniooZa7rbEFlCMYldL14Jw
Bl5eKFbROHeV6TlkMx1Jegdgof8ARnGUq0R3gGj1VABusvlLPgvS+x0KVEh6l7v4iPct7QR9SejS121v/XaCKiMl2XHRFGSkkAJ
XF2ltBrGGMPacZshgGcyfZkMOiunS4tzZG2czgABP2slxdmQ/nUcxj/VQyWwhgTcX+iK6Owtm91D9q17zWcdTaukUZKSRHzz29M
9o0r++d6e5V8tXe7ZmdPpR/bxPxFcQhEWXsDthsKM6FFkYUdpYQbq0jV5zLD+9ouNt7YjqNGdDdOVhaSJVmG0HfgRgQVp1VdaZP
aNA72+PRWgPtte20lxEsWAGebHZqwKJJCSylqUhRWMhIQstVKWoMRVx7ME/N25Bzx/FP3qolqtXZW2CdHnxDTNaet+zLa0n3Ydp
s+E+sUDPOfDljuT1NeuSQtOa4OejtltnhLf1NRFzTn1oon6Qg8vTBM3rlilDdMtEQRl5eCqsnQyXpWwNoQW0aC0xYQIY2YMRgIJ
tIInYbV5qDLDLJedUmJWe45uceZK6X8d31Ofr5+WH1ENowjdFh/6jPVZG0tn12ffb6r5WmiHLsbOU+qxHb9Zv3h6pu9GY5hfKYi
FXHsZCECFF2hFJDYQLIIsm+KbDKYOBlP8AWOSbD1PbEZ8UiA0yfGcZ1T9CCDaTO4m5Wah0MQ2NY0SDQAF8sRaa973RHONZzi4me
JM0wpj/AKzvvFNh9WBpy8CiGHI8l8qjaET67/vO9VkbtSLhFiffd6psiwdqaG80ykGo+2NF/Rd9c6Lkmhu+q77p9F9E9l3H5lRZ
kk/N4JJJJJnDbaSV1FB8wfNzkeRXZ7J7RMCkCtZDiDuokwS0BxEnEYgGXAlfQslKiD507V7C+a0l8MfQPtM0af0Tq0zHAZrili+
kKTCEKJXlNr3AGZuJk2yd11y6PdNOA5BWR8tlqBbqOa+ozRm/Vb90eiU0Rn1G/db6KD5bI1HNWTsq72HjJ3/Eei9+NBh/Zs+430
VR+UCihoglrWtteLGgT+jfILW1UZtVNnTbXYUwHQ9WZ2/BCWicC28cvJK5p0zuXzuXcKooRZhPd8VFcZQm787N9qcTxNvCz0WO3
mnAOYzwzySWYUixpIwE+QtXnE16DtF0oMQ5Mf5SncvP5Lrfx0fLVLl6+d6YBFSSMl1HNbWytmujxWQmXuN8iZAWucQMAJngu323
2lDrMolHEoNHAaTjEeJzc7cS7iXLbopOzaJ3xAFJpLasKf0ocOw1pSsmJG+f0Rmqe1vPFBJIqIyQQJggAnA8iiPp7s22VDow/wD
Xg/7bV0ZLS2E2VFo4/YQv9tq3kAURUQJFhhwINxWnQXkFzHXg2HMS8cVvLS2lCPsvaZFpmbZWfnJBtqIQ3zAIxRQKVVPlBhzhQj
k93i34K2FVnt8ydHbpFb+Fy8r326ukvaxP1Kerz8wx16oPYNPJN1h1egXDjwXzGXfIW69c1EO7Civ+jEB1JZA2Q+Cxg7urt6eW6
asq0NvulR37gOZGqpCuHad8qORZa5vnP3KoSXa0EfSz5uRrp+pjyALudldlNixa8WyDCHeRCbjVBcGcZHgCuM0TVo2+80Wiw6GJ
B8T+djyMzbKTSd4lLJgOK6DRcTbu1TSo7opnV+iwEzIYLpzxN51K0ZIhSSASRARkiAgACerYdygCcBEfUWymygQRlCh/gC2lhoQ
lDhj9Rg/hCzIIoooVQECEVEHL2e/un9y7GbmmUgROZ4zK6S0tq0cltdom9gLm64keHgtii0iuwOzFu/EIMhVe7dN/ohleHsPmrC
uH2zbOhxNCw/xhYXN6Z6PS1OK46vNmknfx8UpN+A4pQRnbwwRI18V8tL6FHHryUUItvwUTKNdjZcDrgPAJ2N6nZ8Ugb1PzRq6rO
erKHE7VvkxgzcTfkPiqyAu/2qd7UMaE+MvcuXs7Z7o0RsNt7jfgBi46ALu6OMWYcTVzm7Lq9laIxpdSY0xDgiYl9Jz7A0N3Ei3M
tXIptKdFiPiP+k8lxyGTRoBIcF1u0NPEm0aER3UG+Vz4ltZxOMiTbmTouJJbbVLJNJSSaSBQEZJgE0kAATw2oALNRme0BqPNEfU
EISa0aDyTqBRBJqKKTVEQKhQQRcuCO5jEE+xFILROwOxA3k+S6a1No0LvGyuc01mnJwQbS5Haps6JG/dH4gtzZlM7yGC4ScLHDI
j1vWv2jZOixx+zd4WqT3MqZxVDyogBSQUqhJITn7vJfLT1l9GaQnP81EhAstzkbMVFO/8AIRoUA+CU8PcmrLIVntKZxgMmDzK2K
O8Uajl0v52MCGnFjLiQMzM+GSx9oaK7vK1UkVRaBMAiwgyuXOjRXOlWnYJCa+g0+Oyp6OFf+5UwAIyTKTGY5rYeBaqaSICYNQKA
jJOGo1UCgLYoLJxGD9dv4gsQat3ZMOceEM4kMfxhEfSzrzvQUN53lBUGaiE1JoIopNAlBECpNCaDmRz3UcPJkyIAw5B87DxsHFZ
trtnAjD9m/wDCVl2hRBFhluN4ngRaLljiMd3JDyC7u3BxFxNUgymhDyNxPU0tY39Y3JidclF8tVtL6POxfKfXBRTiomTLBfLcPP
coc95vSgdWKNnJZKygSuOdoJGHwT134Pf952W9YTv8vRE9dSViuqO6rCTTTPfDP3rrPaOF5Jv35KGIbbbLbw0+YWEA5+aZp155z
V7a5zJ2dHhByJ31T/gh/wDVKYY+pDN39lC/6oC7nnLBGWF/5YK9vc5pTsbfLCdw37OF/pMzx9lR1Fh/ZQsf7Me5FrR0JY22ohv5
2cPBOJuc0nYWuWCmhwvsYX3T7nJoNHhsc1zYUMOaQ4GT7CDMWVtAiCPPLLwUDR5HSavFXY/6Yzp7XKsw7d0r9nO39A+qcdvaRlC
P+B3qqvKz4ckSLcL53WrLjb3N7Qx4a1yrQPlApH1YZ4O9U4+UCP8AUh/xKptstx4XoHfZbu0l4rLjb3N7Qk6W14Lb/KHG+yh83I
/yiRfsWfed6KpWaYfGWSmHirx13xj9JwlrwW4fKJE+xZ98+ig+UZ32Lfvn0VQl1b6oBv5Ycllx13xj9HCWvBcv5RXfYD/U/wDla
20e3cSIwsbDbDrCRdWLiAcrBaqsRl1lig7q/kpOuuz+Y/SRpbUb4QtHxsUq9e5Sc+ilJWnmfFsg5nX5WqJUVlv4jCU80gHuRaJr
KRJ6+Kefv68lKqPp71jkMD1K1QXJUWnresRkrdSzR6uWKsoHKKyA+7DKxMTnesTXIB6GWU+e5Qxd92nWKRkQkIk9cUMnB6s3dXK
VurErnJO9M+E0MshdLoblA7G605YpGPUrqmTSt5+tidssvDrFYw7yUmomT1ue6XNRzuhksZcpWVUxfZpb4pTE+Fnjqo4dcSsc1Y
wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q==
•CCW-poloha
•Zoidy (2-4 bičíky)
•Šupiny
•Uzavřená mitóza
•Celulóza
•Mannan, xylan
•
•Odd.: Chlorophyta
Třída: Ulvophyceae
ulothrix-01

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Ulvophyceae
Řád: Ulvales
•Ulva lactuca
Ulva lactuca
http://mkalty.org/

https://s10.lite.msu.edu/res/msu/botonl/b_online/library/knee/hcs300/gif/Ulva.gif
https://s10.lite.msu.edu


Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Ulvophyceae
Řád: Ulvales
•Enteromorpha sp.
http://www.asturnatura.com/Imagenes/especie/ulva-intestinalis-3.jpg

Třída: Cladophorophyceae
•Sifonokladální stélka
•Krystalická celulóza
•Chloroplast s pyrenoidem obaleným dvoudílným škrobovým obalem
•Uzavřená mitóza
•Haplo-diplontní životní cyklus
•Izomorfní rodozměna
•CCW-orientace
•
data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSERQUEhQWFBUWFRUUFxcXFhcVFBYXGBUYFBcU
FBgXGyYeGBwjGRcUHy8gJCcpLCwsFR4xNTAqNSYrLCkBCQoKDgwOGg8PGiocHCQtLCwsLCwvLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwwKSwpLCk
sLCwsLCksLCwsLCwsKSwsLCwsLCwpLP/AABEIAPwAyAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAACAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAGAwQFBwj/xA
BJEAABAgIHBQUDCAUMAwEAAAABAAIDEQQSITFBUWEFcYGR8AYTobHRIsHhBxQyUlOSsvFCYmNyohcjJDNDc4KDk7PC0iVk4hb/x
AAaAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEBQMG/8QALREBAAEDAgMGBgMBAAAAAAAAAAECAxEEIRRScRMxUWFioRIiIzNBkQUygUL/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKZLRQN0TtwsKkupriZd5KpyCIapwCnJRUq6jrFQcE1XqSnFQAi+0ItGZRl1JQDeoJVGZ5eCNVEN3qBu9RS
ho1s3ppDXrjYjV0RDdPH4pkXLZcWrsqIADMl0zgLM1R4t2N6u9Fiy2U4SNrnEnAWixUqM3Tq5bl+dqOjUsd9fVqEb1mgMGSxBmn
itqEyzDn8F4VTs2IM1uiFUZIy0CPLrgvLLNjc3REtH1QmmNEHNGnWSZQrRpwULRl8UbNPHxUG4c1chao9yUwxknluRloEyjHwKC
YgdFRZBgzRSW5GVl1yMrljlkAGckQdVGjqaatutUVJi6dqWevXRToz6ksVK0dWohvwv9U3VynO3FMiOYMj1ihrIoiefhxTTUCt3
eXgi4aeSbnzUAOvNBaH0mrstrQ0yLjbZL6V2apsYaFXDalYUCACABhb7RMzeqhSL8efxW5fn5qY8mpY7qp85YWttuW4zctSC1bp
ZmBzWvcls0oNyEzfJGp5ZqSt+K8mRTPIWqEnIfDkpV3KFluHNVA4BTgoTZhz66CBHPeqI4GzrghwTDq1C1EK5umHQURKCyAkgAN
FkI4/BEsPPfuUyywUdWJhv8EwB6yRqHMaWD1WOTBc77NEQd/gnAtFvCzPGak77VMqUbviJJu7389UQBO/rkgGa2cfNTIDmGV2l9
yIZp575pmjU9BCVvwTJgQ26zx8NyjWHLdpYpLfyTMA1I6nikCw7bgO+aUe8ipOWDcJ53kKoUhkz71de122ob2MZCYWggOcSBOyY
DBI3Cc8J2KkRTbit2/jtNvBp6fPwb+J6PCx8FskGVw6tWOAyycr1mqDLyWpXVu24SpoOSEjojV6zULNFgoOblJSW5GUrJeAtSlg
tMvJBC1AMOiNQJXNGXWauQpZhIclO70CLmDKahbvWWUIGaBREtFxnbyUVygBu/ijJEjTznwRazdNTLJAma7cPciG7kQw9YrHIXr
PkjPWSMjM3dcUzd/XBSZC1tURbny45KOGqM5k22dfFAZ70OaLpZy43270KmpPU/RRUc6ydt193ErBs7aDHxBY4wwbTOU/1QTYJy
1Ww5gcJEEg2GU5yu4Ls0LY1HqzIeLnNa0A1ofeVZMGYxnb7JsN629NRFWc97V1Fc04x3NHtfHZFiBtEnDhswkS/2pTrW3WGS4EG
ivDS4vDwCAbJOaTdPMGRXpw2fQ4YZEbXcBEk4uPsva0gkWSMzDJs0Xn3aImHHPfezWDXhuFRwmy79UyW/eonGZxPSGpariasR7y
ejtsnLrmslWYu581go1JY4CVqzEDrwmuPVExLqRvCGFogW6eNmSkhPH3yUsvlff1+axVA3Tx66KhZpPimsy8FLLddPcmQKunkkI
M7G+PmslUDBLZkes0iUJKcrJcepoloy8UXET+HklIF9vIzWSELd6icy6BUWWfFCX9YdeadrepFKDrojuPgoyNIa9XJgLLvDVDn1
5I1d6xAsldpgnsyw00UbuKMtDZ1moFI08fSxMDfYOZ9JqS0+KMtEyoyNlgwz/JSscRbx6CJOY9OKlXoqGQr4WLqbChsLq0WIWth
+2Gicq2BsBsmbguZKWWPRXQ2HFlE9poeCCJG47x1cs7d6LOa8Zw8L9E10OiKD3hqQ5n9OVsqxnMHT3GSqHbfaTIlJZUAJbCYx0z
Wk5swQcpXS0Vu7S7d+a0Z5gsDC+zifTK5eTMiGtPGd63tJqatTTNeMU/hzfh+CVj2fRzK2qNF1BvHXvWrs0zbgtoDctK7Vmqcut
RGyA5kKF27RMWqGenivHZkSZzCDDu5JwDp8EpBzHWeSyAL9QpPcjPUGevU1CECl2o+KUnCz0T1fTFLI6TVjCFnu63KIubu681Fl
GBBO09FQTHu08b0oCJAyPL4oyPVN894st3oyM5z6uAFiFULc2dBESNDbIyc9rTdcTI+ClMZmIhJnEZYWQibp9HcoIJyPI9BerUi
J3TQIcMu/Ra1tgAAxOAkuXF7QRmfToruDnEeEMrpcBHN7Odx08vu8/bCOIJ4HopTCM52iyy/LG1Xd3bYg/1JkL/6yze4w6oSRPl
ChYBnGKP+LSFOBp5l42eX3UowgM7fS/rJNUvv8VdGdt630TRxvjT9FngdpIr7G/NSf74HwrJwNPMcbPL7qIAMp8PgtrZjR3jb8T
OVlyvJi0h98aBDH6paTzM1r0uhw2trRKQHXCs53sNNwunabV46jQzFur4JmqfA4z4tpjCh/KC/+ahj9YnkFVtjUAOMyrT21pkNn
d97D72C4EVmOuN4ldeDO/Aqtih0F4myO+FZOq4E25Tl716aHTV0aaKKvll4TdpivPe77YbQLB4SwTWZHrNV7/8AOQnGTKZDIsvI
BtzBcFjPZaJhGhG/+0yWXA+p78d6fdZKwyIvtw3TTAAiwG+V2Kq57NRAbY0Ia96kOxwL6XBGMq5PvU4D1Lx3pWuYOCE9PIcrVVD
szKlwj/mEYJDQnC+lQxuiOPkpwPqXjfStwllr7/ehZkeXiqZGjxYLmkRq4vBDi4EDMFXWduHL4rXv6ebOJzmJe1m/F3MYxIWXy3
2WcUsm3SHITTh91o0S5zl1pNazYwxuYBOw7pSQTF11yiziQBvTBk8fLJEA9e9Ez6vuymscqjRxPJdfsrCDqXB0cXXfVBdkuW2fx
s3Kwdh4U6UD9Vjz5Nn4leun3u09Xnf2t1T5PQ2oqAIr6F8+FqwHZ0K/uodt/sN9FsqSQaLth0c3wIR/y2+i1o3ZGiPvo8PgKv4Z
LsSUTC5V93YahC3ubrfpP9VnpNAgMo9R0ICGw+yx1osnJ1+pvttK6kdxsAAJNtpkJT/PkuNtI9/GbBb9FtrvRTuMyptNojKbCjU
CqGxYco0K0ABrmhzZC/6ZqnIRJ4LySNQywlrgWuaSCDeCDIg7ir7212m6i7ZfFhXwzCkMCO6aHNdoQSDvSdudkw4sGFtCBKrFsi
ACUnzNpGYkWuzIB/SWURsig9zqUO41WchCSgwiAE3djJOQhJAtVCSaSkkCuXosO1rTmGnwC86IV/oBBhwzmxn4Biufrv6RPm3tD
/eejZqGVwUcNB1wUsQe1vU+a42XWLV0CKWoJ+62XV6KyTBQBibs0S3CaIJ3KSlamVNZnZx8Va/k+hfzsR2UMD7zsOSqtXrq7FXb
5PYPsxnHNjeQcfeFtaOM3Ya+rnFqVvCMlAiAu64aIoyUQSSiKwUskiqLCbJ5Dig06XTTDY+I4iUpNGM7bzPUWSxSdn6GWsL3fTf
7R9FqR29/HbCBmyFJzzm7AHzVhDZBTvlXgHymH/ydJ/eb/ttWbsFtRpc6hxzODHmAJ2d4W1ZHKtYP3msK1/lFM9pUr+8lya0Ktt
MiCLCLQcRqFkxbO2tkuo8d8J05tJkZSrN/RdLULQkrz2ilTKBBpTQO9hVocYA2yBFZ8r5Vntfp3jlSSElWMhAhOQoQoEklIWSSU
oEkrzsZ04EKz+zb4Cr7lR1ddgP/AKPDvucNLHuC0tdH0m5o/uf46IMxcibvj4pQN/ii6Wo5rhuwBOniooZa7rbEFlCMYldL14Jw
Bl5eKFbROHeV6TlkMx1Jegdgof8ARnGUq0R3gGj1VABusvlLPgvS+x0KVEh6l7v4iPct7QR9SejS121v/XaCKiMl2XHRFGSkkAJ
XF2ltBrGGMPacZshgGcyfZkMOiunS4tzZG2czgABP2slxdmQ/nUcxj/VQyWwhgTcX+iK6Owtm91D9q17zWcdTaukUZKSRHzz29M
9o0r++d6e5V8tXe7ZmdPpR/bxPxFcQhEWXsDthsKM6FFkYUdpYQbq0jV5zLD+9ouNt7YjqNGdDdOVhaSJVmG0HfgRgQVp1VdaZP
aNA72+PRWgPtte20lxEsWAGebHZqwKJJCSylqUhRWMhIQstVKWoMRVx7ME/N25Bzx/FP3qolqtXZW2CdHnxDTNaet+zLa0n3Ydp
s+E+sUDPOfDljuT1NeuSQtOa4OejtltnhLf1NRFzTn1oon6Qg8vTBM3rlilDdMtEQRl5eCqsnQyXpWwNoQW0aC0xYQIY2YMRgIJ
tIInYbV5qDLDLJedUmJWe45uceZK6X8d31Ofr5+WH1ENowjdFh/6jPVZG0tn12ffb6r5WmiHLsbOU+qxHb9Zv3h6pu9GY5hfKYi
FXHsZCECFF2hFJDYQLIIsm+KbDKYOBlP8AWOSbD1PbEZ8UiA0yfGcZ1T9CCDaTO4m5Wah0MQ2NY0SDQAF8sRaa973RHONZzi4me
JM0wpj/AKzvvFNh9WBpy8CiGHI8l8qjaET67/vO9VkbtSLhFiffd6psiwdqaG80ykGo+2NF/Rd9c6Lkmhu+q77p9F9E9l3H5lRZ
kk/N4JJJJJnDbaSV1FB8wfNzkeRXZ7J7RMCkCtZDiDuokwS0BxEnEYgGXAlfQslKiD507V7C+a0l8MfQPtM0af0Tq0zHAZrili+
kKTCEKJXlNr3AGZuJk2yd11y6PdNOA5BWR8tlqBbqOa+ozRm/Vb90eiU0Rn1G/db6KD5bI1HNWTsq72HjJ3/Eei9+NBh/Zs+430
VR+UCihoglrWtteLGgT+jfILW1UZtVNnTbXYUwHQ9WZ2/BCWicC28cvJK5p0zuXzuXcKooRZhPd8VFcZQm787N9qcTxNvCz0WO3
mnAOYzwzySWYUixpIwE+QtXnE16DtF0oMQ5Mf5SncvP5Lrfx0fLVLl6+d6YBFSSMl1HNbWytmujxWQmXuN8iZAWucQMAJngu323
2lDrMolHEoNHAaTjEeJzc7cS7iXLbopOzaJ3xAFJpLasKf0ocOw1pSsmJG+f0Rmqe1vPFBJIqIyQQJggAnA8iiPp7s22VDow/wD
Xg/7bV0ZLS2E2VFo4/YQv9tq3kAURUQJFhhwINxWnQXkFzHXg2HMS8cVvLS2lCPsvaZFpmbZWfnJBtqIQ3zAIxRQKVVPlBhzhQj
k93i34K2FVnt8ydHbpFb+Fy8r326ukvaxP1Kerz8wx16oPYNPJN1h1egXDjwXzGXfIW69c1EO7Civ+jEB1JZA2Q+Cxg7urt6eW6
asq0NvulR37gOZGqpCuHad8qORZa5vnP3KoSXa0EfSz5uRrp+pjyALudldlNixa8WyDCHeRCbjVBcGcZHgCuM0TVo2+80Wiw6GJ
B8T+djyMzbKTSd4lLJgOK6DRcTbu1TSo7opnV+iwEzIYLpzxN51K0ZIhSSASRARkiAgACerYdygCcBEfUWymygQRlCh/gC2lhoQ
lDhj9Rg/hCzIIoooVQECEVEHL2e/un9y7GbmmUgROZ4zK6S0tq0cltdom9gLm64keHgtii0iuwOzFu/EIMhVe7dN/ohleHsPmrC
uH2zbOhxNCw/xhYXN6Z6PS1OK46vNmknfx8UpN+A4pQRnbwwRI18V8tL6FHHryUUItvwUTKNdjZcDrgPAJ2N6nZ8Ugb1PzRq6rO
erKHE7VvkxgzcTfkPiqyAu/2qd7UMaE+MvcuXs7Z7o0RsNt7jfgBi46ALu6OMWYcTVzm7Lq9laIxpdSY0xDgiYl9Jz7A0N3Ei3M
tXIptKdFiPiP+k8lxyGTRoBIcF1u0NPEm0aER3UG+Vz4ltZxOMiTbmTouJJbbVLJNJSSaSBQEZJgE0kAATw2oALNRme0BqPNEfU
EISa0aDyTqBRBJqKKTVEQKhQQRcuCO5jEE+xFILROwOxA3k+S6a1No0LvGyuc01mnJwQbS5Haps6JG/dH4gtzZlM7yGC4ScLHDI
j1vWv2jZOixx+zd4WqT3MqZxVDyogBSQUqhJITn7vJfLT1l9GaQnP81EhAstzkbMVFO/8AIRoUA+CU8PcmrLIVntKZxgMmDzK2K
O8Uajl0v52MCGnFjLiQMzM+GSx9oaK7vK1UkVRaBMAiwgyuXOjRXOlWnYJCa+g0+Oyp6OFf+5UwAIyTKTGY5rYeBaqaSICYNQKA
jJOGo1UCgLYoLJxGD9dv4gsQat3ZMOceEM4kMfxhEfSzrzvQUN53lBUGaiE1JoIopNAlBECpNCaDmRz3UcPJkyIAw5B87DxsHFZ
trtnAjD9m/wDCVl2hRBFhluN4ngRaLljiMd3JDyC7u3BxFxNUgymhDyNxPU0tY39Y3JidclF8tVtL6POxfKfXBRTiomTLBfLcPP
coc95vSgdWKNnJZKygSuOdoJGHwT134Pf952W9YTv8vRE9dSViuqO6rCTTTPfDP3rrPaOF5Jv35KGIbbbLbw0+YWEA5+aZp155z
V7a5zJ2dHhByJ31T/gh/wDVKYY+pDN39lC/6oC7nnLBGWF/5YK9vc5pTsbfLCdw37OF/pMzx9lR1Fh/ZQsf7Me5FrR0JY22ohv5
2cPBOJuc0nYWuWCmhwvsYX3T7nJoNHhsc1zYUMOaQ4GT7CDMWVtAiCPPLLwUDR5HSavFXY/6Yzp7XKsw7d0r9nO39A+qcdvaRlC
P+B3qqvKz4ckSLcL53WrLjb3N7Qx4a1yrQPlApH1YZ4O9U4+UCP8AUh/xKptstx4XoHfZbu0l4rLjb3N7Qk6W14Lb/KHG+yh83I
/yiRfsWfed6KpWaYfGWSmHirx13xj9JwlrwW4fKJE+xZ98+ig+UZ32Lfvn0VQl1b6oBv5Ycllx13xj9HCWvBcv5RXfYD/U/wDla
20e3cSIwsbDbDrCRdWLiAcrBaqsRl1lig7q/kpOuuz+Y/SRpbUb4QtHxsUq9e5Sc+ilJWnmfFsg5nX5WqJUVlv4jCU80gHuRaJr
KRJ6+Kefv68lKqPp71jkMD1K1QXJUWnresRkrdSzR6uWKsoHKKyA+7DKxMTnesTXIB6GWU+e5Qxd92nWKRkQkIk9cUMnB6s3dXK
VurErnJO9M+E0MshdLoblA7G605YpGPUrqmTSt5+tidssvDrFYw7yUmomT1ue6XNRzuhksZcpWVUxfZpb4pTE+Fnjqo4dcSsc1Y
wxyLnTz5KPvu6uSk9cJpa3ksjIlwCiUqLLb8j/2Q==

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Cladophorophyceae Řád: Cladophorales
Cladophora aegagropila
Řasokoule J
•Cladophora glomerata
http://www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Cladophora_glomerata-400.jpg
http://www.akvariumruzicka-eshop.cz/fotky35753/fotos/AR031.jpg

•Cenocyt
•Centrální vakuola
•Celulóza, xylan, mannan, glukan
•Heteroplastické druhy - amyloplasty
•Sifonein, sifonoxantin
•Haplo-diplontní cyklus
•Izogamie
•Makroskopický, mnohojaderný gametofyt
•CCW-orientace
•Invazní řasy - agresivní druhy - Caulerpa taxifolia
•
Třída: Bryopsydophyceae

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Bryopsidophyceae Řád: Bryopsidales
•Caulerpa taxifolia
http://www.aquaportail.com/aquabdd/photos/caulerpa-taxifolia.jpg
http://www.aquaportail.com/

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Bryopsidophyceae
Řád: Bryopsidales
•Codium sp.
http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net/images/codvera.jpg
http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net/

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Bryopsidophyceae Řád: Bryopsidales
•Halimeda sp.
http://www.atolls-polynesie.ird.fr/ecorecat/images/haltaen.jpg
http://www.virtual-geology.info/vft/fl-keys/halimeda01.jpg
http://www.virtual-geology.info/

•Cenocyt
•Osní část s přesleny bočních větévek
•Víceletá stélka
•Proudění cytoplazmy
•Inkrustace stélky CaCO3
•Celulóza, mannan
•Škrob a fruktan i v cytoplazmě
•Haplontní cyklus
•Izogamie
•Makroskopický, mnohojaderný gametofyt
•Sporofyt jenom zygota
•CCW-orientace
•
Třída: Dasycladophyceaee

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Dasycladophyceae
Řád: Dasycladales
•Acetabularia acetabulum
http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net/images/aceacea5.jpg

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Dasycladophyceae
Řád: Dasycladales
•Dasycladus sp.
http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net/images/dasvera.jpg
http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net
http://deptsec.ku.edu/%7Eifaaku/jpg/Berger/Dasycladus-clavaeformis-02.jpg
http://deptsec.ku.edu

•Diskovitá nebo vláknitá stélka
•Mikrotubuly - 3×2 a 4
•Zploštěné zoidy
•Fragmoplast
•Hematochrom - sekundární karotenoidy a β-karoten
•Životní cyklus: haplontní, haplo-diplontní
•Meiospory: 2-bičíkaté nebo 4-bičíkaté
•Kulovitá zoosporangia
•Aerické řasy
•
Třída: Trentepohliophyceae

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Trentepohliophyceae Řád: Trentepohliales
Trentepohlia sp.
http://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/112333.jpg
http://www.bioref.lastdragon.org/Chlorophyta/Trentepohlia_abietina_02PM01_23.jpg
http://www.bioref.lastdragon.org/

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Trentepohliophyceae Řád: Trentepohliales
http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MWS/0698/320/Phycopeltis_arundinacea,I_MWS69887.jpg
http://www.discoverlife.org/
Phycopeltis arundinacea

•Jednobuněčné a vláknité řasy
•Nahé zoospory, gamety
•Kinetozom - CCW konfigurace
•Mitóza uzavřená
•Fykoplast
•Aplanospory, autospory
•Často tvoří symbionty v lišejnících
•Sladkovodní biotopy
•
Třída: Trebouxiophyceae

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Trebouxiophyceae
Řád: Trebouxiales
•Trebouxia sp.
http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/Trebouxia_erici_911.jpg

Trebouxia-lichen
•Trebouxia sp. - lichenizovaná


Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Trebouxiophyceae
Řád: Chlorellales
•Chlorella sp.
http://wholeintentions.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/H1955_1.jpg

Oocystis
Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Trebouxiophyceae
Řád: Oocystales

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Trebouxiophyceae
Řád: Prasiolales
•Prasiola sp.
http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/photos/seaweed/Prasiola_crispa_fig2.jpg
http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/
http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/photos/seaweed/Prasiola_crispa_fig3.jpg
http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/photos/seaweed/Prasiola_crispa_fig1.jpg

•Bičíkovci, kapsální, kokální, vláknité řasy
•Zoospory, spermatozoidy
•Kinetozom - CW konfigurace převládá (DO u některých)
•Bičíky bez mastigonem, stejně dlouhé
•Chlamys
•Sporopolenin (Scenedesmus, Pediastrum) - fosilizace
•Aplanospory, hemiaplanospory, autospory
•Mitoza uzavřená
•Kolonie, cenobium
•
•
Třída: Chlorophyceae

Chlamydomonas sp.
Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae Řád: Chlamydomonadales
http://web.mst.edu/%7Emicrobio/BIO221_2009/images_2009/chlamydomonas-3.jpg
http://web.mst.edu
http://cronodon.com/images/Chlamydomonas_2.jpg
http://cronodon.com/BioTech/Algal_Bodies.html

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae
Řád: Volvocales
•Volvox sp.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Mikrofoto.de-volvox-8.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec03/volv3sm.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec03/volvoxflagella2.jpg

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae Řád: Chlorococcales
Desmodesmus sp.
http://cronodon.com/images/Scenedesmus_labeled.jpg
http://cronodon.com/BioTech/Algal_Bodies.html
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Chlorophyceae/colonies/colonies_not_flagellated/SCENEDESMUS/Sce
nedesmus_03_600x473_nifty.com.jpg
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae Řád: Chlorococcales
Pediastrum sp.
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/Chlorophyta/Pediastrum/duplex/duplex_reticulatum.jpg
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Chlorophyceae/colonies/colonies_not_flagellated/PEDIASTRUM/Pedi
astrum_01_600x599_simplex_v_radians.nifty.jpg
http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae
Řád: Microsporales
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/Chlorophyta/Microspora/sp_20.jpg
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp
•Microspora sp.
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/chlorophyta/Microspora/sp_06.jpg

Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae
Řád: Oedogoniales
Oedogonium-inicial
•Iniciální stadium
•Oedogonium sp.
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/Chlorophyta/Oedogonium/sp_3/sp_01.jpg
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp

Oedogonium01
Odd.: Chlorophyta Třída: Chlorophyceae Řád: Oedogoniales
Oedogonium sp.
•© orig. Hájková L.

D:\bart\Varia\Logo_blauw.tif
C:\Documents and Settings\Mišis\Plocha\diplomka final\diplomka\obrázky dipl\SEM diplo\AMS W33
06.TIF
Děkuji za pozornost