NATURAL POLYMERS QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION TEST 09022018 One and only one Question is right in all the Student (Name & Surname): ………………………………………………………......................……… UČO: …………………………………………………………………………… 1. What is that of BIOMASS? 2. What is that of MODIFIED NATURAL PRODUCTS? 3. Check what is the MODIFIED NATURAL PRODUCTS a. POLYETHYLENE manufactured by such Way, that Crude oil is drilled, Gasoline is produced from it, the Ethylene is manufactured from this and finally POLYETHYLENE is manufactured b. CELLULOSE is earned from the Hemp and this is further transformed by the Nitration to NITROCELLULOSE c. The Starch Particle is extracted from Potato 4. What is the chemical Difference between NATURAL OILS extracted from the Plants or animal Sources and so called MINERAL OILS? 5. Write the GENERAL CHEMICAL FORMULA of the NATURAL OILS extracted from the Plants or animal Sources 6. What is that of NATURAL OILS, e.g. Linseed/flaxseed oil Drying? 7. What is the chemical Difference between WAXES and OILS? a. WAXES contain usually saturated fat Acid or Acids b. WAXES are not Esters but Ethers c. WAXES contain aromatic Parts 8. Check what is the temperature Range of the NATURAL WAXE’S Melting Point? a. 50 – 90 °C b. 30 – 50 °C c. 90 – 120 °C 9. What is the Use of the Beeswax in the Work of a Conservator - Restorer? 10. NATURAL GUMMS are from the chemical Point of View: a. Esters with aromatic Acids b. Polyterpene containing Double bonds between Carbon Atoms in the Backbone and are vulcanizable by Sulphur c. Polysaccharide 11. What is the Use of NATURAL GUMMS in the Food Industry? a. Preservative b. Acidity (pH) Regulator c. Thickener 12. Name individually at least two NONFOOD USES of the NATURAL GUMMS a. …………………………………… b. ………………………………. 13. The Backbone of the NATURAL POLYTERPENES is a. Linear b. Branched c. Branched on the aromatic Parts 14. Do contain the NATURAL POLYTERPENES any unsaturated Bonds? If YES, then what Kind are they? 15. What the NATURAL POLYTERPENE is the most important and why? 16. Describe by WORDS what is that of LIGNIN AND WHAT IS ITS Function in the WOOD 17. Describe by WORDS what are the TANINS and what is their Use 18. What is the chemical Reaction, on which is based IRON GALL INK, what are the Reasons of its Fading and which are the Reactions of the Iron by this Fading and what is the Possibility to “Refresh” the original Appearance of the written Text? 19. STARCH is: a. Polysaccharide b. Polypeptide c. Polyester d. Polyurea 20. STARCH contains the Macromolecules: a. Linear only b. Branched only c. It is the Mixture of the Linear and branched Macromolecules 21. What of the following Plants contains, if it is optimal created a Breed, has the highest Starch content: a. Potato b. Wheat c. Corn (Maize) d. Plantain 22. CELLULOSE contains the Macromolecules a. Linear only b. Branched only c. It is the Mixture of the Linear and branched Macromolecules 23. What is the Difference between Starch and CELLULOSE as to the PRIMARY STRUCTURE? 24. What Solvents are suitable for the Dissolving of the CELLULOSE without fundamental (radical) Decrease of the Molecular Weight 25. What is that of a amino ACID and write its GENERAL FORMULA 26. What is that of PEPTIDE BOND and write its GENERAL FORMULA 27. Describe by WORDS what is, what are for PROTEINS: a. Primary Structure b. Secondary Structure c. Tertiary Structure d. Quaternary Structure 28. What is that of KASEIN and what are its Uses? 29. Name individually at least three SEPARATING METHODS used in the Analysis of the NATURAL SUBSTANCES and the NATURAL POLYMERS especially 30. ELECTROPHORESIS is especially suitable for the Analysis of which the following NATURAL SUBSTANCES and the NATURAL POLYMERS especially? a. Amino acids and Proteins b. Waxes and Fats c. Saccharides and Polysaccharides d. Natural Gumms 31. What spectroscopic Method is the most suitable and universal for the Analysis of the NATURAL SUBSTANCES and the NATURAL POLYMERS especially: NMR, FTIR, UV or RAMAN? Why? 32. What is the Principle of the Nitrogen Determination by KJELDAHLA Method? a. Volumetric Determination of the atomic Nitrogen as the Gas and its Recalculation to the Normal Conditions b. Conversion to NO[3]^- and following photometric Determination c. Mineralisation (Conversion ) to Ammonium and its Titration 33. Which Metal Cation is reduced in the Reaction of the so called Fehling Reagent and what results from? 34. Reaction with the so called Fehling Reagent is giving: a. Aldehydes b. Ketone c. Aldehydes and Ketone d. Carboxylic Groups e. Ether’s Bonds f. Amides 35. Collagen is Protein: a. Animal b. Vegetable c. Can be both Animal and Vegetable 36. Collagen has in its primARY FORM the Secondary Structure: a. Helix b. Sheet c. Globular d. Is Amorphous 37. What is the DENATURATION of the Protein’s and what is that of COAGULATION of the Protein’s? Describe it by WORDS and make a Picture of these both final Structures. 38. What are the ANIMAL GLUE and GELATINE made from and what structure Change occurs with the original Tertiary Structure of the original Natural Raw Material: a. Denaturation b. Coagulation 39. Where be found KERATIN? It is of the Vegetable or the Animal Origin? 40. Suppose the Tertiary Structure of KERATIN. Are there any Bonds between the Primary Backbones? If they are there, describe and make a Picture their Shape (Form). 41. What can be the CHEMICAL PRINCIPLE of the Hair Perm? 42. What is the Difference between NATURAL (GENUINE) SILK and the VISCOSE SILK? State at least two Differences. 43. What is the LANOLIN, how it originating and what is its Use? 44. What is the Unit dtex? Where it used and what is is its Definition? 45. What is the ELASTIN and which has the special Properties? By what are these special Properties done – describe by Words and make a Picture, how it can look like and become operative? 46. TRANSLATE to Spanish Language: Fibrillin is a glycoprotein, which is essential for the formation of elastic fibers found in connective tissue. Fibrillin is a major component of the microfibrils that form a sheath surrounding the amorphous elastin 47. TRANSLATE to Spanish Language: 1. Suited for starch and flour 2. Usage for acid and lye 3. Small sample size (5 - 15 g) 4. Short measuring times 5. Speed (0 - 300 min^-1) 6. Temperature measurement within the sample 7. Heating / cooling rates of up to 10°C / min 8. No follow-up costs 9. Evaluation in BU, mPas, cP or cmg 48. TRANSLATE to Spanish Language: Nanocellulose can also be obtained from native fibers by an acid hydrolysis, giving rise to highly crystalline and rigid nanoparticles (generally referred to as nanowhiskers) which are shorter (100s to 1000 nanometers) than the nanofibrils obtained through the homogenization route. The resulting material is known as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). 49. Name individually at least two Cellulose Derivatives and state their Uses? 50. What do you suppose the Future of the NATURAL SUBSTANCES and the NATURAL POLYMERS especially? This Answer is NOT evaluated for Examination and I would like to know your Oppinion about it only. 51. What is that of Mutarotation? (Question from the 1st^ Lecture) 52. Which Structure (Form) of the Monosaccharide’s is domination in the Water SOLUTION (Question from the 1st^ Lecture) a) Linear b) Cyclic c) There is about one Half of each 53. What that is of SICCATIVE (drying Agent) and why are added to the so called drying Oils? (Question from the 2nd^ Lecture) a) They are decreasing initial Viscosity of these Oils b) They are increasing initial Viscosity of these Oils c) They are improving the Colour of these Oils d) They accelerate so called Drying of these Oils e) They decrease the Price of these Oils 54. How many double Bonds have USSUALY organic Acids in the NATURAL OILS? (Question from the 2nd^ Lecture) a) Not any b) 1 – 3 double Bonds, c) 4 and more double Bonds 55. Which Origin is overwhelming Majority of the Resins¸ (Question from the 2nd^ Lecture) a) Vegetable b) Animal 56. What is of SHELACK (Question from the 2nd^ Lecture) a) Synthetic aromatic Oil made of the Crude Oil b) NATURAL OILS from the African oil-palm c) Vegetable Resin d) Animal Resin 57. SHELACK – What is it used in Work of a Conservator - Restorer? (Question from the 2nd^ Lecture) a) Glue b) Varnish c) Protection against the UV Radiation acting (damaging) Sculptures in the Outdoor Exhibitions d) Additive to the boiled linseed Oil (Modified linseed/flaxseed Oil) 58. What is the Difference between Colophon and the Turpentine? (Question from the 2nd^ Lecture) a) Colophon is the Vegetable Product and Turpentine is the Animal Product b) Colophon is the solid Material and Turpentine is the Liquid c) Colophon is the highly toxic Material and the Turpentine is the Food Additive 59. Carnauba Wax is (Question from the 3^rd^ Lecture): a) It is the only another Name for the Beeswax from the Caribbean Region b) Vegetable Wax with high Melting Point c) Insects’ Secret from the tropical Region 60.Lanolin belongs to (Question from the 3^rd^ Lecture): a) Triterpene, b) Oils of the Vegetable Origin c) Waxes, d) Resins e) Essential/ethereal Oils 61. Gutta-percha is (Question from the 4^th^ Lecture): a) Polyterpene b) Diterpene c) Wax d) Oil e) Vegetable Gum 62. Gutta-percha is gained from (Question from the 4^th^ Lecture): a) Rubber tree, as it is for the Natural Rubber done b) It is gained from another Plant c) It is the Animal Product 63. Natural Rubber and Gutta-percha are two isomers of the Polyterpenes, which is the Nature synthesizing from one Monomer – Isoprene (2-methylbutadien) (Question from the 4^th^ Lecture) a) Natural Rubber is in the Backbone Isoprene trans isomer b) Natural Rubber is in the Backbone Isoprene cis isomer c) Natural Rubber is in the Backbone Isoprene both trans isomer and cis isomer 64. Vulcanisation uses as the principal Element creating the Cross Bonds between Macromolecules (Question from the 4^th^ Lecture): a) Sulphur b) Selene c) Magnesium d) Phosphor 65. The most dangerous Element (Substance) for the Durability of the vulcanised Rubber (it is the Vulcanised Rubber) is (Question from the 4^th^ Lecture): a) Nitrogen b) NO[x], c) Sulphur Oxides d) Oxygen e) Ozone f) Helium 66. The TANNINS are usually gained from (Question from the 5^th^ Lecture): a) Broad-leaved Trees’ Wood b) Spruce needles c) Wood Bark, d) Beechnuts or Acorns 67. The Starch Particles (Grains) have the Diameter USUALLY of Range (Question from the 6^th^ Lecture): a) Units of Millimetres b) Under 1 mm c) Units up to Tens of mm 68. What is that of DEXTRIN (Question from the 6^th^ Lecture): a) Agglomerate of the Starch Particles (Grains) b) Starch Linear Molecule cleaved to shorter Molecules c) Modified Starch Molecule, highly branched, with lower Molecular Weight d) Starch Modified by Proteins, e) Starch Modified by Oils 69. DEXTRIN is used MAINLY as (Question from the 6^th^ Lecture): a) Glue for Paper, b) Glue for Wood, c) Violin Varnish, d) Diluent for the Drying Oils 70. What is that of AGAR from the chemical Point of View (Question from the 6^th^ Lecture): a) Polysaccharide b) Polyterpene c) Protein d) Wax 71. Which Plant is the Source of the most valuable Cellulose for the textile Industry (Question from the 7^th^ Lecture): a) Clover b) Cotton c) Linen d) Hemp e) Kapok 72. What is that of VISCOSE FIBER (Question from the 7^th^ Lecture): f) Long Fibre from the Hemp g) Thread of the fine Titre made of Cotton Fibres h) Celluloses Fibre, which is at first dissolved and then precipitated from this Solution as the continuous (!Endless”) Filament 73. VISCOSE FIBER has the resulting (final) Molecular Weight, relatively to the original Fibre, from that it was manufactured, (Question from the 7^th^ Lecture): i) Higher, j) Lower, k) The same, l) Higher, but has the branched Chain 74. Write AT LEAST TWO Starch Derivatives and its Use (Question from the 6^th^ Lecture): 75. What is that of CELLULOID and for what have been used (Question from the 7^th^ Lecture)? 76. What is the PRINCIPLE of the TANNING of the Hide to the LEATHER (Question from the 9^th^ Lecture): 77. How can you identify (recognise) using Microscope (optical or SEM) the Fibre taken from the Animal Hair and the Cellulose Fibre (Question from the 10^th^ Lecture): a) Cellulose Fibre has a Twist (is coiled) b) Fibre from the Animal Hair (Fur) has a Flakes (small Scales) the Circumference round c) Celluloses Fibre is more long 78. What is that of FELT and how is it Manufactured (Question from the 10^th^ Lecture): a. Cellulose Fibre is treated by concentrated H[2]SO[4] b. Fibres from the Animal Hair (Fur) are woven and then processed at Wet Conditions c. Fibres from the Animal Hair (Fur) are cleaned by HNO[3] and then densely woven 79. What is that of FIBROIN (Question from the 10^th^ Lecture): a) Cellulose Fibre b) Vegetable Fibre Protein based c) Animal Fibre Protein based 80. How could you recognise by chemical Analysis after total Hydrolysis (Solvolysis) NATURAL SILK and the SYNTHETIC POLYAMIDE SILK (RAYON) (Question from the 10^th^ Lecture): a) NATURAL SILK contains the one Kind of the Amino acid only b) NATURAL SILK contains more than one Kind of the Amino acids Evaluation of the EXAMINATION A – At least 61 Questions are right B – 50 – 60 Questions are right C – 40 – 49 Questions are right D – 30 – 39 Questions are right E – 20 – 29 Questions are right F - Less than 20 Questions are right