Preparation of blood serum from human blood


Theory:

Blood serum is obtained from the blood for quantitative and qualitative determination of various
substances found in the serum and characterizing the current state of health of the individual (eg
determination of immunoglobulins, C-reactive protein, complement components, acute phase proteins,
autoantibodies against self-tissues, antibodies against microorganisms, hormones, etc.).


Task:

Preparation of human serum from blood for further processing for quantitative and qualitative
determination of various substances, photos of cells, pattern


Tools:

Ajatin - desinfection, gloves, sterile spikes, micropipettes and tips, eppendorfs, labels, marker,
centrifuge.


Workflow:

Gently and in gloves, we take sterile blood from the finger to the eppendorf tube, mark it with a
label and put it in the refrigerator until the next day. The next day we carefully peel off the
blood cake from the epin, then centrifuge at 1500 rpm for about 5-10 minutes, remove the yellowish
fluid (ie serum, excreted on the surface of the resulting blood clotting), transfer to another
eppendorf, we will label it and freeze it for use in the next exercise.


Blood differential of leukocytes

Task: finding the blood differential in human blood and a photo or picture of three representatives
of white blood cells


Aids: staining cuvettes, Leukodif staining kit (Biolatest), slides, gloves, glass cleaning alcohol,
blood smear, microscope, immersion lens, oil or glycerol


Design: Stain the blood smear with the Leukodif staining kit according to the instructions. Then,
according to the scheme, we examine the blood smear and record the determined leukocyte counts in a
table. After entering 100 leukocytes, we add up the individual columns to find out the percentage
of individual leukocyte species. The blood smear contains the following blood elements: red
(erythrocytes) and white (leukocytes) blood cells, and platelets (platelets).

Leukocytes are divided into granulocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil) and agranulocytes
(monocyte, lymphocyte).

In a healthy individual, the result should be as follows:

          leukocytes


(precurzor of neutrophil)

                                1-2 %

neutrophil

                              55-60 %

eozinophil

                                2-3 %

bazophil

                                0,5 %

monocyte

                                5-7 %

lymfocyte

                              30-40 %


The determined cell numbers are recorded in a special table (see below).

          neutrophil

                    precurzor  neutrophil

                                         lymphocyte

                                                   monocyte

                                                           eosinophil

                                                                     bazophil

                                                                             unknown

                                                                                    summa








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Preparation of blood serum from human blood


Theory:

Blood serum is obtained from the blood for quantitative and qualitative determination of various
substances found in the serum and characterizing the current state of health of the individual (eg
determination of immunoglobulins, C-reactive protein, complement components, acute phase proteins,
autoantibodies against self-tissues, antibodies against microorganisms, hormones, etc.).



White blood cell counts are performed by shifting the fields of view according to this figure

The blood differential is determined during a routine examination of a person's state of health.
Changes in the number of white blood cells can foreshadow a number of blood and other diseases for
which these changes are typical.

Leucodif coloring method






Leukocytes:

eozionophil

  http://www.muhteva.com/resimler/resimler/Bazofil-Nedir--165-1.gif      bazophil

http://www.wikiskripta.eu/images/thumb/0/05/Neutrophil2.jpg/180px-Neutrophil2.jpg  neutrophil

http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT2TU-Ue5zHMJLABaQiRyGDNNlludW1KfoHOvooHpxgyTyRrw5hXQ
precursor neutrophil  neutrophil, monocyte

http://old.lf3.cuni.cz/histologie/atlas/demo/73/img00018.jpg  lymphocyte

literature
http://www.google.cz/search?tbm=isch&hl=cs&source=hp&biw=1280&bih=571&q=bazofil&gbv=2&oq=bazofil&aq
=f&aqi=g3gS7&aql=&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=1328l4406l0l6172l7l7l0l1l1l0l78l328l6l6l0#hl=cs&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=
1&q=neutrofil&oq=neutro