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Hydrogen Pile ST>rage       rge Ecc Replication
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Consortium Partners
H2 & Subsurface expertise
Project start: January 2021 Location : Etrez (Ain) France H2 Production : Electrolyzer 1MW End of Pilot Phase : December 2023 Storage Capacity : 3 - 44 tons
Test industrial scale renewable hydrogen production and storage in salt caverns supported by technical and economic reproducibility of the process to other sites throughout Europe
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Storage replication potential
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Technical and economic assessments
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9 partners, 4 countries
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Project Overview
HyPSTER project is divided into two parts
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Renewable Hydrogen Production
Electrolyzer 1MW •    Hydrogen transportation by tube trailers
Pilot of Hydrogen Storage in salt cavern
• Use of an experimental existing cavern Tightness tests
• Pressure variation cycles
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Project Objectives
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PRODUCTION STORAGE UTILIZATION
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^ Demonstration of the technical feasibility of H2 storage in salt caverns (safety of operations, environmental and geological impact)
J Adaptation of the equipment to hydrogen (piping, completion): grade of steel, elastomer, welds, etc.
S Hydrogen tightness of the salt cavity
S The thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen in the cavity
s The interaction of hydrogen in a salt cavity
S Feedback on the quality of the H2 leaving the storage facility
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Adaption of EZ53 Cavern & Process for Tightness Test
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Perform a tightness test with N2and H2, successively (for demonstration projects}
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966 m (3176 ft)
Cavern completion for H2 storage by brine compensation method
Current EZ53 installations
Set the interface at 4 different depths during the tests (for HyPSTER project)
Aim: Validate if standard method from natural gas storage is suited for hydrogen
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HyPSTER - Cyclic Test Operation
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Fresh water storage 70 m3
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(final withdrawal) I
Brine disposal (surplus)
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HyPSTER - Test Cycle Definition
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Modeling of exemplary hydrogen ecosystems
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Scenarios investigated for Etrez storage:
Electrolysis using wind/solar power or grid supply
• Usage for transport or heating
• Backup storage inculded
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Planned cyclic testing program at EZ53 :
S   Subject to technical limitations (pressure range)
S   Relevant operating regime
(idealized, but containing realistic features)
S   Allowing calibration of software models
Facilitating the monitoring of cavern tightness
Cyclic test program
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Integrated test cycle with >100 intraday cycles, standstill periods for calibration and different pressure ramps to test various operation modes. A final hydrogen
withdrawal can be added if possible.
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HyPSTER - Adaption & Validation of Salt Cavern Models
Thermodynamics! & geomechanical models are prerequisite for storage design, approvability, safe operation -> commercial applicabilit '
Comparison of software models LOCAS (Brouard Consulting) & KAVPOOL/FLAC3D (ESK/ltasca):
S   Comprehensive benchmarking at relevant operating conditions
S  Agreement for main model characteristics confirmed (e.g. cavern pressure development)
•S   Minor model differences identified, subject to model calibration
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J   Calibration of rock mechanical model on historical data
S   First simulations of EZ53 cyclic tests
Modeled volume change during EZ53 cyclic test due to salt creep (computed using two different sets of parameters)
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HyPSTER-Industrial Modeling
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V Set of relevant cavern configurations for hydrogen storage in Europe defined
S Long-term schedule for industrial scale cavern operation defined
Parameter	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4	Case 5	Case 6	Case 7
Depth of last cemented casing shoe [m]	600	900	900	900	1400	1400	1400
Geometrical cavern volume	3S0.OOO	200.000	500.000	800.000	200.000	500.000	800.000
Cavern height (roof to sumpj [m]	70	70	140	300	70	140	300
Exemplary representations	UK	DE	DK, FR, DE, NL, PT	DE, NL	DE	FR, DE	DE
Operating schedule for comparison of industrial scale caverns
Sensitivity analysis (including additional geomechanica! parameters)
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HyPSTER - Microbiological Assessment
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Prior H2      Storage phase     After H2
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1. Sampling
2. Sampling
Microbial growth and consumption:
Investigate possible Hj utilizing bacteria and the risk of H2 loss and ability generating toxic compounds. How to boost or inhibit bacterial growth ?
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HyPSTER - Microbiologi cai Mibeiimeni
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Brine analysis:
Prior H2      Storage phase     After H
Chemical analysis: total organic carbon (TOC), volatile fatty acids, pH, sulphate DNA analysis: cell numbers of several key groups, community structure
Microbial growth and consumption:
Investigate possible utilizing bacteria and the risk of H2 loss and ability generating toxic compounds. How to boost or inhibit bacterial growth ?
1. Sampling
2. Sampling
2 samplings planned:
1. before H2 injection
(2-4 samples during wireline operation)
2. after H2 storage phase
(~10 samples during emptying of cavern)
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HyPSTER - Microbiological Assessment
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Brine analysis:
Chemical analysis: total organic carbon (TOC)( volatile fatty acids, pH, sulphate DNA analysis: cell numbers of several key groups, community structure
Microbial growth and consumption:
Investigate possible H, utilizing bacteria and the risk of H2 loss and ability generating toxic compounds. How to boost or inhibit bacterial growth ?
Effects of pressure changes:
Growth of brine/enrichment under higher pressure (specific for HyPSTER cavern)
Simulating cyclic pressure and temperature changes over time
-> How will the community react? Changes in consumption rates?
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Prior H2      Storage phase     After Hz
1. Sampling 2. Sampling
2 samplings planned:
1. before H2 injection
(2-4 samples during wireline operation)
2. after H2 storage phase
(~10 samples during emptying of cavern)
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Hydr       P     ST E m R
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Summary:
$5 Project is on track ft within budget
^Approvals have been granted
(^Groundwork started
@EZ53 suited for demand scenario
(^Models successfully cross-checked
(§5 Website 6t podcasts available online
@ Workshop with stakeholders held
Next steps (extract):
A Continue on-site work (H2 production & cavern platforms)
& Perform tightness test & cyclic test
A Confirm applicability of tightness test method & cavern models
& Analyze delivered hydrogen purity & microbiological activity
A Provide lessons learned on safety & environmental impact
i\ Model industrial scale storage application
Assess techno-economic replicability & develop roadmap
A Engage with other potential storage operators 6 partners
A Develop recommendations for national & EU policy makers
i\ Publish scientific project results
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Hydrogen Pile ST rge Eco Raplic
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Dr. Maurice Schlichtertmayer ESK GmbH, Holzwickede, Germany www.esk-projects.com
Work Package Manager: Tools & Methods for Cyclability
Clean Hydrogen Partnership
Project information: htt ps:// hy pste r-project.e u
This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (now Clean Hydrogen Partnership) under Grant Agreement (Mo 101006751. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme. Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe Research.