Hydrological elements RNDr. Martin Culek, Ph.D. Always attractive In Czechia there are also small waterfalls considered to be attraction Only for seminar work Hydrological conditions – the entrance • Why - Small parts in inland – lakes, rivers, fish ponds, damlakes • Water – symbol of Life • Water I Culture (Symphony about rivers, sources … in Czechia Vltava, Morava) • Evaluation mostly positive, but …..(x devastation !) polluted water, rubbish … • Types – Running waters x stagnant waters x marshes • Running: Spring, brook, creek, river • Special cases: Karstic sinks, karstic springs, submerged rivers …. (Punkva) • Waterfalls, rapids, „wild water“, „calm water“, almost standing – very slow • And their vegetation, biota • Stagnant: lakes, fish ponds, dam lakes, recreational artificial lakes, • Dam lakes – great difference if they are in canyons or in open valley, basine • And their biota • Marshes – earlier taken negatively, now ambivalently. Sometimes very nice. Karstic sink Nová Rasovna Not necessary to the exam Karstic spring Malý výtok Punkvy Not necessary to the exam Hydrological condition - evaluation • Problémy hodnocení: Kolísání hladiny (s x t), abraze (s+t), meandry, regulované toky • - otázka změny krajinného rázu výstavbou jezu v Děčíně • Dynamika + (drobnokvět pobřežní, židovník, bezobratlí ...) • Kolísání dané špičkováním vod. elektráren x zařezávání vod. toků pod přehradami • Vodopády x peřeje ohrožené, výstavba MVE • - Čertovy proudy, Jizera 2x, Želivka, horní Morava, Svratka, Moravice… • Podchycené vyvěračky • Stojaté vody: Velikost < 3 – 20 > ha, z hled. Kraj. rázu – hranice ca 1 km² • Čistota • Kaskáda: ≥ 3 rybníky, Rybniční krajina • Tvar – ovál, linie x velmi členitý půdorys • Břehové linie + Porosty ve vodě a na březích • Rybníky i nejstarší přehrady – již i památky • Úpravy studánek – dobře – špatně – dobře (divočáci): Rapids are Rare They shloud be protected – Elbe river close to spring Video (5 min): https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=bc6mVG9aIhA&feature= emb_rel_end • Greatest rapids in Czechia, on Vltava river – the Devil rapids. • Altitude difference 162 m • Originaly it looked so. • Video - 4 min., vlastní Čertovy proudy jsou až ve druhé polovině videa: https://youtu.be/PDVT0bYihXU Not necessary to the exam Damaged by intake of water, for water power plant. Small amout of energy, great loss for nature and Landscape attractiveness Second former greatest rapids – on the Vydra river. Now almost without water • Taking such photos was left… Not necessary to the exam • As it looked originally Not necessary to the exam • And now Not necessary to the exam Trolhättan rapids in Sweden • Also damaged by intake of water for elektricity • Originally 900 m³/s, difference 32 m • 1910 a 1938 power plants. But: • In summer season 2x in week 300 m³/s are left for rapids Trolhättan rapids • Starting to left the water for rapids • In full beauty Carpathians, branch of Tisa river, Ukraine • Water itself could be relatively clean, but the rubbish makes it awfull place Naturalelly meandering rivers – in Czechia only few left. The Morava river, few kilometres. Anyway attraction, also for water tourists The Morava river, as it was canalised in 70ties of 20. Cent. No recreation, almost nothing Awfull embank- ments also influence acceptation of water bodies People not welcomed Damlake in basins looks as natural lakes, in opposition to ones in canyons Dalešice Cases of our flooded valeys – by damlakes. Lost attractivity of rivers, canyons, watermills. The names of damlakes not necessary to the exam Vranov Slapy Orlík For recreational ponds and lakes are important indented and diverse banks – try to discover all. Oval lakes are not so interesting The same pond Jihlava river 2006 Floods belongs also to Landscape and are attractive. Certainly people and houses must be protected. Beauty of floods, Svratka river, as presented by this painter Josef Dobrovolný Thank you for attention to Water. • In presentation were used pictures of author´s archive and from Internet, mostly Google Earth.