Course Information

Bi8780 Insect systematics and phylogeny

Extent and Intensity

4/0/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Mon 19. 2. to Sun 26. 5. Mon 13:00–16:50 D31/238

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Nature Conservation - Zoology (programme PřF, N-OCH)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-ZOL)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
General note: náplň předmětu doplňují doporučená praktická cvičení Bi8762 a Bi8763 a terénní cvičení Bi0055.

Bi8780 Insect systematics and phylogeny

Extent and Intensity

4/0/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Mon 13:00–16:50 D31/238

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Nature Conservation - Zoology (programme PřF, N-OCH)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-ZOL)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
General note: náplň předmětu doplňují doporučená praktická cvičení Bi8762 a Bi8763 a terénní cvičení Bi0055.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Mon 18. 2. to Fri 17. 5. Mon 13:00–16:50 D31/238

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro lichých let.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. Jindřiška Bojková, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Mon 13:00–16:50 D31/238

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 Basic entomology course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and discuss the systematics and classification of insects from a phylogenetic viewpoint; compose basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders; they will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects, including distinguishing unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Entomology Field Course and the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course.

Syllabus

• 1. Known diversity of insects, estimates of real number of insect species in the world. Possible causes of the evolutionary success of insects, evolution of wings and complete metamorphosis as the key evolutionary novelties. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared partly by specialists on each taxon, practical presentation of collection material, introduction to specialized literature + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and prove it in a discussion with teacher and correctly answer at least 50% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
RNDr. Andrea Špalek Tóthová, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 Basic entomology course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and discuss the systematics and classification of insects from a phylogenetic viewpoint; compose basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders; they will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects, including distinguishing unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Entomology Field Course and the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course.

Syllabus

• 1. Known diversity of insects, estimates of real number of insect species in the world. Possible causes of the evolutionary success of insects, evolution of wings and complete metamorphosis as the key evolutionary novelties. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared partly by specialists on each taxon, practical presentation of collection material, introduction to specialized literature + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and prove it in a discussion with teacher and correctly answer at least 50% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Tue 14:00–17:50 D31/238

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 Basic entomology course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and discuss the systematics and classification of insects from a phylogenetic viewpoint; compose basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders; they will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects, including distinguishing unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Entomology Field Course and the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course.

Syllabus

• 1. Known diversity of insects, estimates of real number of insect species in the world. Possible causes of the evolutionary success of insects, evolution of wings and complete metamorphosis as the key evolutionary novelties. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared partly by specialists on each taxon, practical presentation of collection material, introduction to specialized literature + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and prove it in a discussion with teacher and correctly answer at least 50% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
RNDr. Andrea Špalek Tóthová, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Tue 11:00–14:50 VS

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers.
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 Basic entomology course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and discuss the systematics and classification of insects from a phylogenetic viewpoint; compose basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders; they will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects, including distinguishing unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Entomology Field Course and the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course.

Syllabus

• 1. Known diversity of insects, estimates of real number of insect species in the world. Possible causes of the evolutionary success of insects, evolution of wings and complete metamorphosis as the key evolutionary novelties. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared partly by specialists on each taxon, practical presentation of collection material, introduction to specialized literature + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and prove it in a discussion with teacher and correctly answer at least 50% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Syst. & evol. of invertebrates &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
Completion or parallel registration of Bi6760 Entomology.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and comment on the system of insects and its structure; he/she will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects; on the basis of the gained knowledge he/she will be able to identify also unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course and the Entomology Field Course.

Syllabus

• Systematics of insects, milestones in the history of insect classification, present hypotheses, points of controversy
• HEXAPODA Entognatha: Protura, Diplura, Collembola
• Ectognatha, Insecta: Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Pterygota
• Palaeoptera: Ephemeroptera, Odonata
• Neoptera Polyneoptera: Plecoptera, Blattodea (incl. Isoptera), Mantodea, Zoraptera, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera
• Paraneoptera (Acercaria): Psocodea (incl. Psocoptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera, Anoplura, Rhynchophthirina), Thysanoptera, Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Coleorrhyncha, Heteroptera
• Holometabola (Endopterygota): Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Strepsiptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared by specialists on each higher taxon, on the whole 15 lecturers, practical training within this course (as far as included by the individual lecturers) + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

written final test + practical oral exam in insect identification

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.

Timetable

Tue 11:00–14:50 BpsR

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Syst. & evol. of invertebrates &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
Completion or parallel registration of Bi6760 Entomology.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and comment on the system of insects and its structure; he/she will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects; on the basis of the gained knowledge he/she will be able to identify also unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course and the Entomology Field Course.

Syllabus

• Systematics of insects, milestones in the history of insect classification, present hypotheses, points of controversy
• HEXAPODA Entognatha: Protura, Diplura, Collembola
• Ectognatha, Insecta: Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Pterygota
• Palaeoptera: Ephemeroptera, Odonata
• Neoptera Polyneoptera: Plecoptera, Blattodea (incl. Isoptera), Mantodea, Zoraptera, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera
• Paraneoptera (Acercaria): Psocodea (incl. Psocoptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera, Anoplura, Rhynchophthirina), Thysanoptera, Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Coleorrhyncha, Heteroptera
• Holometabola (Endopterygota): Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Strepsiptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared by specialists on each higher taxon, on the whole 15 lecturers, practical training within this course (as far as included by the individual lecturers) + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

written final test + practical oral exam in insect identification

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 Insect systematics and phylogeny

The course is not taught in Spring 2025

Extent and Intensity

4/0/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
In-person direct teaching

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Nature Conservation - Zoology (programme PřF, N-OCH)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-ZOL)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: náplň předmětu doplňují doporučená praktická cvičení Bi8762 a Bi8763 a terénní cvičení Bi0055.

Bi8780 Insect systematics and phylogeny

The course is not taught in Spring 2023

Extent and Intensity

4/0/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Nature Conservation - Zoology (programme PřF, N-OCH)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-ZOL)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: náplň předmětu doplňují doporučená praktická cvičení Bi8762 a Bi8763 a terénní cvičení Bi0055.

Bi8780 Insect systematics and phylogeny

The course is not taught in Spring 2021

Extent and Intensity

4/0/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Nature Conservation - Zoology (programme PřF, N-OCH)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-ZOL)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: náplň předmětu doplňují doporučená praktická cvičení Bi8762 a Bi8763 a terénní cvičení Bi0055.

Bi8780 Insect systematics and phylogeny

The course is not taught in Spring 2020

Extent and Intensity

4/0/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 "Entomology" course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Nature Conservation - Zoology (programme PřF, N-OCH)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-ZOL)

Course objectives

The course provides a review on insect (Hexapoda) systematics and phylogeny. It is structured into 13 lessons, each including presentations of one to several insect orders. Particularly, each taxon is characterised by diagnostic morphological characters and synapomorphies, its hypothetic phylogenetic relationships to other insect groups are discussed, and ecology, diversity and internal classification specified based on the world fauna and with a particular reference to the fauna of the Czech Republic. In comparison with the basic courses Bi1030 Invertebrate phylogeny and diversity and Bi2140+Bi4360 Field practice in zoology, the course Insect systematics and phylogeny provides a closer and deeper look at insects with more details. Its concept is build mainly on theoretical lectures combined with presentations of a synoptic insect collection and special literature. It is recommended to follow Bi0055 Field course in entomology in parallel, and/or Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course, which enable demonstrations of a large amount of insect taxa directly in the field and provide practical identification workshops for selected taxa, respectively. Another complementary course is B9790 Advanced entomology which provides a broader general context on insect evolution and ecology.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:
- understand and explain current and historical classifications of insects and discuss insect systematics from a phylogenetic viewpoint;
- integrate basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders;
- to use this information for practical identification of insects;
- to use and interpret names of insect taxa in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc., correctly.

Syllabus

• 1. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures (partly prepared by taxonomic experts for some groups), practical presentation of insect collections for each taxon, introduction to specialized literature.

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and correctly answer at least 60% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: náplň předmětu doplňují doporučená praktická cvičení Bi8762 a Bi8763 a terénní cvičení Bi0055.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

The course is not taught in Spring 2017

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Inverteb. phylog. & divers. &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
We recommend completion or parallel registration of the Bi6760 Basic entomology course, all students interested in insects are, however, welcome.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)
• Zoology (programme PřF, N-EB)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and discuss the systematics and classification of insects from a phylogenetic viewpoint; compose basic morphological, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of all individual insect orders; they will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects, including distinguishing unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications, etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Entomology Field Course and the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course.

Syllabus

• 1. Known diversity of insects, estimates of real number of insect species in the world. Possible causes of the evolutionary success of insects, evolution of wings and complete metamorphosis as the key evolutionary novelties. Hexapoda, synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations within Arthropoda, Tracheata (Atelocerata) and Pancrustacea (Tetraconata) hypotheses. The oldest preserved fossils of hexapods. History of systematic classification of insects, current hypotheses on the phylogeny, classification of Hexapoda orders.
• 2. Class Entognatha: synapomorphies, phylogeny. Order Collembola (springtails): synapomorphies, morphology, development, indirect sperm transfer, anhydrobiosis, ecomorphosis, biology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha, Symphypleona, examples of species in the Czech fauna. Order Protura (proturans): synapomorphies, morphology, development, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification. Order Diplura (diplurans): synapomorphies, morphology, ecology, diversity, phylogeny and classification, suborders Campodeina and Japygina, Czech fauna.
• 3. Class Ectognatha (insects), synapomorphies, morphology of mouthparts, antenna, legs, ovipositor, terminal filament. Order Archaeognatha (bristletails): morphology, ground plan of insect genitalia, ecology, diversity. Dicondylia: synapomorphies, mandibles. Order Zygentoma (silverfish): morphology, ecology, diversity, Czech fauna, phylogenetic placement of Tricholepidion gertschi.
• 4. Pterygota (winged insects): synapomorogies, structure of wing base, basal phylogenetic relations within Pterygota: Palaeoptera, Metapterygota and Chiastomyaria hypotheses, problems of interpretation of morphological and molecular characters. Superorder Odonatoptera: fossil orders Geroptera and Odonatoptera, recent Odonata (dragonflies): synapomorphies, evolution of wing venation, structure of adult and nymphal bodies, direct flight muscles, structure of primary and secondary copulatory organs, copulatory behaviour, development, ecology and bioindication potential of dragonflies, diversity of recent world fauna, phylogeny, suborders Zygentoma and Epiprocta, infraorders Epiophlebioptera and Anisoptera, Czech fauna of dragonflies, review of families and selected species occurring in the Czech Republic. Extinct superorder Palaeodictyopterida, orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies): synapomorphies, structure of adult and nymphal body, subimaginal stage, egg, eco-morphological types of nymphs and their movement, reproduction and development, nourishment, respiration, phylogeny and classification, distribution, review of selected families.
• 5. Superorder Neoptera. Cohort Polyneoptera: synapomorphies of the group, phylogenetic relations among orders. Zoraptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Dermaptera (earwigs): morphology, ecology, distribution, diversity, classification of world fauna, survey of species of Dermaptera occurring in the Czech Republic. Plecoptera (stoneflies): structure of adult and nymphal body, eggs, diversity, phylogeny, suborders Antarctoperlaria and Arctoperlaria, behaviour and bioacoustics, review of families of the world fauna, examples of taxa occurring in the Czech Republic.
• 6. Dictyoptera: order Blattodea (cockroaches): morphology, development, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna, selected taxa of the world fauna, Isoptera (termites): phylogenetic relations with the remaining Blattodea taxa, biology, diversity and distribution, west Palaearctic fauna; order Mantodea (mantises): morphology, development, behaviour, diversity, European fauna. Order Orthoptera: morphology, development, behaviour, suborders Ensifera (bush-crickets, crickets, katydids and allied taxa) and Caelifera (grasshoppers), review of world and Czech fauna.
• 7. Cohort Paraneoptera: synapomorphies, evolutionary trends,phylogenetic relations between orders. Order Psocodea (book-lice and lice), traditional and current classification based on phylogeny, polyphyly of Phthiraptera; morphology of free-living taxa, suborders Trogiomorpha, Psocomorpha, Troctomorpha; morphology, development, hosts and classification of the parasitic taxa: Rhynchopthirina, Anoplura, Ischnocera, Amblycera; species of economic, veterinary and medical importance, host specificity, coevolution, collecting and preparation methods. Order Thysanoptera (thrips): morphology, development, ecology, classification, diversity, suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera, review of families, economic importance.
• 8. Order Hemiptera: synapomorphies, structure and function of the mouthparts, phylogeny and systematics, ecology, trophic adaptations of phytophagous groups, filtering chamber, endosymbionts, wax glands, economic importance. Suborder Sternorrhyncha, synapomorphies, systematics. Superfamily Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice, psyllids): adult and nymphal morphology, host specificity, galls, lerps, life cycle of central European species, phylogeny and systematics, Czech fauna, species of economic importance, collection methods, monitoring, preparation and identification. Superfamily Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies): morphology of adults and nymphs, diversity and systematics, Czech fauna, introduced greenhouse pests, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Aphidoidea (aphids): morphology, life cycles, ecology, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects): morphology, sexual dimorphism, development, diversity and systematics, review of families with special respect to the Czech fauna and species of economic importance, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Auchenorrhyncha: morphology, development, infraorders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), morphology, reviews of families, ecology, sound-producing organs, brochosomes, collection and preparation methods, identification. Suborder Coleorrhyncha: morphology, diversity and distribution.
• 9. Suborder Heteroptera (true bugs): morphology, structure of head, thorax, scent glands, hemielytrae, pterygopolymorphism, reproduction and development, bioacoustic, life in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, diversity, phylogeny, systematics, infraorders Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha: morfological and biological characteristics, review of families of the world fauna with special respect to the Czech Republic.
• 10. Cohort Holometabola (Endopterygota): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations among orders. Order Megaloptera (alder flies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, distribution, diversity, review of families, fauna of the Czech Republic. Order Raphidioptera: morphology of adults and larvae, ecology, review of families, Czech fauna. Order Neuroptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, diversity, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 11. Antliophora group of orders. Mecoptera (scorpionflies): morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, ecology, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Siphonaptera (fleas): synapomorphies, phylogenetic relationships with Mecoptera, morphology of adults and larvae, adaptations to the parasitic life, development, ecology, classification, veterinary and medicinal importance, review of important species, vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Order Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites): morphology of males, females and larvae, phylogenetic relations within Holometabola, life cycle, host specificity, diversity, host manipulation, phylogeny and classification, review of Czech fauna.
• 12. Order Coleoptera (beetles): diversity, habitat specialisation, morphology of adults and larvae, phylogeny and systematics. Suborders Archostemmata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga: morphology, diversity, reviews of families, ecology, distribution, with special respect to the Czech fauna.
• 13. Order Trichoptera (caddis-flies): morphology of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs; collection and preservation methods, identification; fossil record, phylogeny and systematics, relations to Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera hypothesis). Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths): synapomorphies, morphology of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae, history of systematic research, systematics and classification, diversity and state-of-the-art of the Czech fauna, review of families and selected species, migrating species, isolated and relict occurrences, extinct species in the Czech Republic.
• 14. Order Diptera: morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, collecting methos, characters useful for identification, traditional classification, current hyptheses on phylogeny, groups Nematocera and Brachycera, review of families with special respect to the fauna of the Czech Republic.
• 15. Order Hymenoptera: synapomorphies, phylogenetic relations with the other insect orders morphology of adults, larvae and pupae, development, traditional classification and current hypotheses on phylogeny, groups Symphyta and Apocrita, review of superfamilies and families, their morphology, ecology and diversity with special respect to the Czech fauna.

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• BEUTEL, Rolf. Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014, xv, 516. ISBN 9783110262636. info
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared partly by specialists on each taxon, practical presentation of collection material, introduction to specialized literature + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

Oral exam, including identification of insect material. To pass the exam students need to have a solid knowledge of systematics and biology of insects at least at the level of orders and prove it in a discussion with teacher and correctly answer at least 50% of questions.

Language of instruction

Czech

Follow-Up Courses

• Bi0055 Field course in entomology
• Bi6760 Entomology
• Bi7980 Applied entomology
• Bi8763 Identification of terrestrial invertebrates - lab course
• Bi9790 Advanced entomology

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: jaro sudých let.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

Bi8780 System and phylogeny of insects

The information about the term spring 2012 - acreditation is not made public

Extent and Intensity

4/0. 4 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Igor Malenovský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Botany and Zoology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites

Bi1030 Syst. & evol. of invertebrates &&( Bi6760 Entomology ||(NOW( Bi6760 Entomology )))
Completion or parallel registration of Bi6760 Entomology.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Systematic Biology and Ecology (programme PřF, N-BI, specialization Zoology)

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students will be able to understand and comment on the system of insects and its structure; he/she will be able to use this information for practical identification of insects; on the basis of the gained knowledge he/she will be able to identify also unknown taxa and to interpret them in his/her diploma thesis, publications etc. It is recommended to register in parallel the Advanced Invertebrate Identification Course and the Entomology Field Course.

Syllabus

• Systematics of insects, milestones in the history of insect classification, present hypotheses, points of controversy
• HEXAPODA Entognatha: Protura, Diplura, Collembola
• Ectognatha, Insecta: Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Pterygota
• Palaeoptera: Ephemeroptera, Odonata
• Neoptera Polyneoptera: Plecoptera, Blattodea (incl. Isoptera), Mantodea, Zoraptera, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera
• Paraneoptera (Acercaria): Psocodea (incl. Psocoptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera, Anoplura, Rhynchophthirina), Thysanoptera, Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Coleorrhyncha, Heteroptera
• Holometabola (Endopterygota): Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Strepsiptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera

Literature

recommended literature
• GULLAN, P. J. and P. S. CRANSTON. The insects : an outline of entomology. Illustrated by Karina Hansen McInnes. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, xvi, 565. ISBN 9781444330366. info
• GRIMALDI, David A. and Michael S. ENGEL. Evolution of the insects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xv, 755. ISBN 0521821495. info
• Encyclopedia of insects. Edited by Vincent H. Resh - Ring T. Cardé. Amsterdam: Academic press, 2003, xxviii, 12. ISBN 0125869908. info

not specified
• Encyclopedia of entomology. Edited by John L. Capinera. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xli, 815. ISBN 0792386701. info

Teaching methods

Theoretical knowledge will be presented in lectures prepared by specialists on each higher taxon, on the whole 15 lecturers, practical training within this course (as far as included by the individual lecturers) + further recommended practical courses (see above)

Assessment methods

written final test + practical oral exam in insect identification

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: a prerekvizita Bi6760-zapsáno alespoň souběžně s Bi8780.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: +doporučená praktická cvičení Bi0055, Bi8760.

• Enrolment Statistics (recent)