Project-based teaching has recently become a widely used method of teaching in the Czech Republic. Teachers at all educational levels are talking about project-based teaching. But what is it? This paper offers an interpretation of the results of the research into teaching projects at primary schools. There is a definition of project concepts, project-based teaching and the project-based method, and there is a description of the diverse elements that constitute the teacher's conception of project-based teaching. Some of these will be examined in more detail.