Tumors of the brain manifested in young pediatric patients require specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the first months after birth. The authors present a group ofpediatric patients treated for cerebral tumor in the fust year of age in Brno Faculty Hospital within last l0 years. High mortality and morbidity rate was found. This may be related to the immaturity of the cenhal nervous system tissue and a high incidence of histologically undifferentiated tumors. To improve the treatment results, more accurate prenatal diagnosis, total neurosurgical resection and reduced oncological therapy morbidity should be achieved. Effective psychomotor development stimulation, motivation and cooperation of the patient's family and even multidisciplinary collaborationo f medical expertsi s necessaryto improve therapeutic outcomes.