The aim of this study is to present synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography (SR-uCT) as the technique for investigation of the mineralogical composition of urinary calculi fragments in the non destructive manner at very high resolution. SR uCT is proved to be an effective technique for determination of texture, 3D microstructure and composition of kidney stones. Since this technique is non-destructive, traditional analytical methods can also be performed. The comparison of the results obtained by SR-uCT analysis with those derived from current standard analytical approaches are in a good agreement. As the comparative method was used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.