The monograph presents and theoretically reflects the results of sociological empirical research (MUNI/A/0711/2012), that conducted a research team of the Department of Music Education, Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno. The authors examine the musical preferences (classical music, pop music and folklore) of university students in selected countries of the EU. It is focused on the effect of gender, musical activities and musical education on music preference, tolerance and identification of musical styles and genres. The conclusion provides a comparison with the results of similar research conducted in the Czech Republic in 2012.