Kosterní pozůstatky z lokality Majetín – ulice Náves

ŠÍN, Lukáš, Peter TVRDÝ and Jakub VRÁNA. Kosterní pozůstatky z lokality Majetín – ulice Náves (Human remains from Majetín – ulice Náves). In Mojmír Bém, Jaroslav Peška. Ročenka 2012. Olomouc: Archeologické centrum Olomouc, 2013, p. 134-144. ISBN 978-80-86989-24-2.

Basic information

• Original name: Kosterní pozůstatky z lokality Majetín – ulice Náves
• Name in Czech: Kosterní pozůstatky z lokality Majetín – ulice Náves
• Name (in English): Human remains from Majetín – ulice Náves
• Authors: ŠÍN, Lukáš (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution), Peter TVRDÝ (203 Czech Republic) and Jakub VRÁNA (203 Czech Republic).
• Edition: Olomouc, Ročenka 2012, p. 134-144, 11 pp. 2013.
• Publisher: Archeologické centrum Olomouc

Other information

• Original language: Czech
• Type of outcome: Proceedings paper
• Field of Study: Archaeology, anthropology, ethnology
• Country of publisher: Czech Republic
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• Publication form: printed version "print"
• RIV identification code: RIV/00216224:14310/13:00072927
• Organization unit: Faculty of Science
• ISBN: 978-80-86989-24-2
• Keywords (in Czech): Antropologie Archeologie Funerální aktivity
• Keywords in English: Anthropology Archaeology Funeral activities

Abstract

Pracovníci Archeologického centra Olomouc uskutečnili v průběhu měsíců září a října roku 2012 záchranný archeologický výzkum na lokalitě Majetín – ulice Náves. Ta se nachází na severní straně obce v místě terénní vyvýšeniny, kterou korunují boží muka. Terénní výzkum byl proveden sondáží, sondy pokryly přibližně čtvrtinu této mohyly. Ve třech sondách byly nalezeny kosterní pozůstatky šesti jedinců náležející dvěma dospělým mužům a čtyřem dětem. V průběhu terénního výzkumu byly zaznamenávány prostorové transformace a odchylky od anatomického uložení odkrytých koster, snahou bylo určit jak tyto tzv. tafonomické procesy korespondují s procesem inhumace jednotlivých těl. Dokumentace konkrétních kontextuálních informací vedla k rekonstrukci původního pohřebního ritu (primární nebo sekundární pohřeb, pohřeb v primárním dutém prostoru (rakev, pohřební komora) či přímo do země) a dále pak umožnila určit polohu těl při pohřbení.

Abstract (in English)

The focus of the research was rescue excavation of the site Majetín – Náves. This research was conducted by workers of Archaeological Centre Olomouc during September and October 2012. The aim of the research became to verify a potential of this site, which is located on the northern border of the village. The location is shaped like a mild terrain elevation, Calvary column was built on the top. Municipal Majetín Chronicle describes this area as a place of storage of the bodies of sixteen Napoleonic soldiers. Trenches covered one quarter of this mound, six human bodies were found, two bodies of adult men and four children. Backfill of the burial mound contained pottery of the Modern period. More sensitive dating material (such as parts of military equipment) wasn't discovered. The incisors of the lower jaw of one of the men had traces of the trauma of a military origin. Quarry and grinding of the teeth were probably caused by the systematic utilization of the teeth to open paper cartridges (charge with the dose of gunpowder and bullet), that were used during the 18th and 19th century. Neither the way of the committal of the men's corpses which was according to the principles of Christian burial rite nor the written historical sources let these graves to join with combat action. Apparently they died during the transport to a military hospital and were buried in Majetín. The children were buried later, their burials are in superposition and one of the child's graves disturbed another soldier's grave. The children were likely to become victims of a cholera epidemic which extended into the region between August and October 1866, after the Battle of Tovačov. The inhuming of all the bodies corresponded to the principles of Christian burial practices, nevertheless they weren't buried in consecrate ground and bygone regulations required burials in cemeteries. Observed situation is probably connected with the solution of the current tense situation of the survivors.