A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI):
liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

J 2014

A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

BARTELS-RAUSCH, Thorsten; Hans-Werner JACOBI; Tara KAHAN; J. L. THOMAS; E. S. THOMPSON et. al.

Basic information

Original name

A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

Authors

Edition

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, European Geosciences Union, 2014, 1680-7316

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Article in a journal

Field of Study

10401 Organic chemistry

Country of publisher

Germany

Confidentiality degree

is not subject to a state or trade secret

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 5.053

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14310/14:00074344

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014

UT WoS

000332384900028

EID Scopus

2-s2.0-84894183498

Keywords in English

Ice; snow; photochemistry; chemistry; atmosphere

Abstract

In the original language

Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge of physical processes and chemical reactivity in surface snow with relevance to polar regions. It focuses on a description of impurities in distinct compartments present in surface snow, such as snow crystals, grain boundaries, crystal surfaces, and liquid parts. It emphasises the microscopic description of the ice surface and its link with the environment. Distinct differences between the disordered air-ice interface, often termed quasi-liquid layer, and a liquid phase are highlighted. The reactivity in these different compartments of surface snow is discussed using many experimental studies, simulations, and selected snow models from the molecular to the macro-scale. Although new experimental techniques have extended our knowledge of the surface properties of ice and their impact on some single reactions and processes, others occurring on, at or within snow grains remain unquantified. The presence of liquid or liquid-like compartments either due to the formation of brine or disorder at surfaces of snow crystals below the freezing point may strongly modify reaction rates. Therefore, future experiments should include a detailed characterisation of the surface properties of the ice matrices. A further point that remains largely unresolved is the distribution of impurities between the different domains of the condensed phase inside the snowpack, i.e. in the bulk solid, in liquid at the surface or trapped in confined pockets within or between grains, or at the surface. While surface-sensitive laboratory techniques may in the future help to resolve this point for equilibrium conditions, additional uncertainty for the environmental snowpack may be caused by the highly dynamic nature of the snowpack due to the fast metamorphism occurring under certain environmental conditions. Due to these gaps in knowledge the first snow chemistry models have attempted to reproduce certain processes like the long-term incorporation of volatile compounds in snow and firn or the release of reactive species from the snowpack. Although so far none of the models offers a coupled approach of physical and chemical processes or a detailed representation of the different compartments, they have successfully been used to reproduce some field experiments. A fully coupled snow chemistry and physics model remains to be developed.

Links

GAP503/10/0947, research and development project

Name: Důsledky fotochemické aktivity organických polutantů v polárních oblastech

Investor: Czech Science Foundation

LO1214, research and development project

Name: Centrum pro výzkum toxických látek v prostředí (Acronym: RECETOX)

Investor: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the CR

Cite

BARTELS-RAUSCH, Thorsten; Hans-Werner JACOBI; Tara KAHAN; J. L. THOMAS; E. S. THOMPSON; J. P. D. ABBATT; Markus AMMANN; J. R. BLACKFORD; H. BLUHM; C. BOXE; F. DOMINÉ; M. M. FREY; Ivan GLADICH; M. I. GUZMAN; Dominik HEGER; Petr KLÁN; T. HUTHWELKER; W. F. KUHS; M. H. KUO; S. G. MOUSSA; S. MAUS; V. F. MCNEILL; J. T. NEWBERG; J. R. SODEAU; J. B. C. PETERSSSON and Martina ROESELOVÁ. A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. European Geosciences Union, 2014, vol. 14, No 3, p. 1587-1633. ISSN 1680-7316. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014.

@article{1217772,
   author = {BartelsandRausch, Thorsten and Jacobi, HansandWerner and Kahan, Tara and Thomas, J. L. and Thompson, E. S. and Abbatt, J. P. D. and Ammann, Markus and Blackford, J. R. and Bluhm, H. and Boxe, C. and Dominé, F. and Frey, M. M. and Gladich, Ivan and Guzman, M. I. and Heger, Dominik and Klán, Petr and Huthwelker, T. and Kuhs, W. F. and Kuo, M. H. and Moussa, S. G. and Maus, S. and McNeill, V. F. and Newberg, J. T. and Sodeau, J. R. and Peterssson, J. B. C. and Roeselová, Martina},
   article_number = {3},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014},
   keywords = {Ice; snow; photochemistry; chemistry; atmosphere},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1680-7316},
   journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
   title = {A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow},
   url = {http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/1587/2014/acp-14-1587-2014.html},
   volume = {14},
   year = {2014}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1217772
AU  - Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten - Jacobi, Hans-Werner - Kahan, Tara - Thomas, J. L. - Thompson, E. S. - Abbatt, J. P. D. - Ammann, Markus - Blackford, J. R. - Bluhm, H. - Boxe, C. - Dominé, F. - Frey, M. M. - Gladich, Ivan - Guzman, M. I. - Heger, Dominik - Klán, Petr - Huthwelker, T. - Kuhs, W. F. - Kuo, M. H. - Moussa, S. G. - Maus, S. - McNeill, V. F. - Newberg, J. T. - Sodeau, J. R. - Peterssson, J. B. C. - Roeselová, Martina
PY  - 2014
TI  - A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - 1587-1633
EP  - 1587-1633
PB  - European Geosciences Union
SN  - 16807316
KW  - Ice
KW  - snow
KW  - photochemistry
KW  - chemistry
KW  - atmosphere
UR  - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/1587/2014/acp-14-1587-2014.html
N2  - Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge of physical processes and chemical reactivity in surface snow with relevance to polar regions. It focuses on a description of impurities in distinct compartments present in surface snow, such as snow crystals, grain boundaries, crystal surfaces, and liquid parts. It emphasises the microscopic description of the ice surface and its link with the environment. Distinct differences between the disordered air-ice interface, often termed quasi-liquid layer, and a liquid phase are highlighted. The reactivity in these different compartments of surface snow is discussed using many experimental studies, simulations, and selected snow models from the molecular to the macro-scale. Although new experimental techniques have extended our knowledge of the surface properties of ice and their impact on some single reactions and processes, others occurring on, at or within snow grains remain unquantified. The presence of liquid or liquid-like compartments either due to the formation of brine or disorder at surfaces of snow crystals below the freezing point may strongly modify reaction rates. Therefore, future experiments should include a detailed characterisation of the surface properties of the ice matrices. A further point that remains largely unresolved is the distribution of impurities between the different domains of the condensed phase inside the snowpack, i.e. in the bulk solid, in liquid at the surface or trapped in confined pockets within or between grains, or at the surface. While surface-sensitive laboratory techniques may in the future help to resolve this point for equilibrium conditions, additional uncertainty for the environmental snowpack may be caused by the highly dynamic nature of the snowpack due to the fast metamorphism occurring under certain environmental conditions. Due to these gaps in knowledge the first snow chemistry models have attempted to reproduce certain processes like the long-term incorporation of volatile compounds in snow and firn or the release of reactive species from the snowpack. Although so far none of the models offers a coupled approach of physical and chemical processes or a detailed representation of the different compartments, they have successfully been used to reproduce some field experiments. A fully coupled snow chemistry and physics model remains to be developed.
ER  -

BARTELS-RAUSCH, Thorsten; Hans-Werner JACOBI; Tara KAHAN; J. L. THOMAS; E. S. THOMPSON; J. P. D. ABBATT; Markus AMMANN; J. R. BLACKFORD; H. BLUHM; C. BOXE; F. DOMINÉ; M. M. FREY; Ivan GLADICH; M. I. GUZMAN; Dominik HEGER; Petr KLÁN; T. HUTHWELKER; W. F. KUHS; M. H. KUO; S. G. MOUSSA; S. MAUS; V. F. MCNEILL; J. T. NEWBERG; J. R. SODEAU; J. B. C. PETERSSSON and Martina ROESELOVÁ. A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow. \textit{Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}. European Geosciences Union, 2014, vol.~14, No~3, p.~1587-1633. ISSN~1680-7316. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014.

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