Despite attempts to propose a better understanding of the sources and the consequences of segregation, the discourses and practices associated with Roma and disabled children in the Czech Republic remain extremely politicised and to some extent separated from interdisciplinary approaches which can potentially exploring segregation in its appropriate theoretical framework. The book explores the formation of institutions and discourses regarding education and social care for Roma and disabled children in the Czech lands over last 150 years. In line with the principle of historisation, the author explains the contemporary path dependence of child welfare blocking the reform towards the integration of Roma and disabled by the institutional discourse-analysis based upon archive materials, professional periodicals and secondary surveys.