More Hopeful, Less Depressed. How Hope Protects us From Depression?

SLEZÁČKOVÁ, Alena. More Hopeful, Less Depressed. How Hope Protects us From Depression? In Schweizerische Hoffnungkonferenz, Bern, 7. September 2015. 2015.

Basic information

• Original name: More Hopeful, Less Depressed. How Hope Protects us From Depression?
• Authors: SLEZÁČKOVÁ, Alena (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution).
• Edition: Schweizerische Hoffnungkonferenz, Bern, 7. September 2015, 2015.

Other information

• Original language: English
• Type of outcome: Requested lectures
• Field of Study: 50100 5.1 Psychology and cognitive sciences
• Country of publisher: Switzerland
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• RIV identification code: RIV/00216224:14210/15:00083797
• Organization unit: Faculty of Arts
• Keywords (in Czech): naděje; deprese; duševní zdraví
• Keywords in English: hope; depression; mental health
• Tags: rivok
• Tags: International impact, Reviewed

Abstract

In the lecture we present the results of Czech part of the international survey Hope Barometer and we focus on the relationships between hope and depression. Depression has become major psychological problem in developed countries (Seligman, 2011). In this study we revealed the predictors of depression in Czech sample (N=753, 80% females, 20% males, aged between 15 and 80) and examined protective role of hope. We compared the findings with results for other involved countries: Switzerland, Germany and France. We measured depression (PHQ-4, Kroenke et al, 2003), dispositional hope (ATHS, Snyder et al.,1991), perceived hope (Krafft, 2014), optimism and pessimism(Scheier et al., 1994), self-efficacy (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1993), gratitude (McCullough, Emmons & Tsang, 2002), meaning in life (Steger et al., 2006), quality of relationships (PWBS, Ryff, 1989) and life satisfaction (Diener et al., 1985). We used SPSS for data analysis. The correlation analysis revealed significant correlations (p<0.01) between all variables of interest. Hierarchical linear regression (p<0.01) revealed that Life satisfaction, Perceived hope and Meaningfulness are main independent predictors of depression in Czech sample. Together with Gratitude and Pessimism they explain 40% of variance of depression. Mediation analyses revealed direct effect of dispositional hope on depression (b= -.12, p<0.001) but its indirect effect through perceived hope was larger (b= -.24, p<0.001). Our findings support the distinction between concepts of Perceived hope and Dispositional hope.