Assessment of severity and progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome using the CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES)

MAĎARI, Aladár, Jana FARBAKOVÁ, Stanislav KATINA, Tomas SMOLEK, Petr NOVAK, Tatiana WEISSOVA, Michal NOVAK and Norbert ZILKA. Assessment of severity and progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome using the CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES). Applem Animal Behaviour Science. Elsevier, 2015, vol. 171, OCTOBER, p. 138-145. ISSN 0168-1591. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.034.

Basic information

Original name

Assessment of severity and progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome using the CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES)

Authors

MAĎARI, Aladár (703 Slovakia), Jana FARBAKOVÁ (703 Slovakia), Stanislav KATINA (703 Slovakia, guarantor, belonging to the institution), Tomas SMOLEK (703 Slovakia), Petr NOVAK (703 Slovakia), Tatiana WEISSOVA (703 Slovakia), Michal NOVAK (703 Slovakia) and Norbert ZILKA (703 Slovakia)

Edition

Applem Animal Behaviour Science, Elsevier, 2015, 0168-1591

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Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Článek v odborném periodiku

Field of Study

10103 Statistics and probability

Country of publisher

Netherlands

Confidentiality degree

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

References:

URL URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 1.795

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14310/15:00084031

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.034

UT WoS

000364605200018

Keywords in English

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; Canine dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Annual conversion rate; Staging

Tags

AKR, rivok

Tags

International impact, Reviewed

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Abstract

V originále

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) represents a group of symptoms related to the aging of the canine brain. These changes ultimately lead to a decline of memory function and learning abilities, alteration of social interaction, impairment of normal housetraining, changes in sleep–wake cycle and general activity. The initial symptoms gradually worsen over time. Despite extensive research, little is known about the staging and phenotypic variability of CDS. We have analysed more than 300 dogs; 215 were selected for the study. We developed a rating scale, CADES – canine dementia scale – containing 17 items distributed into four domains, related to changes in dogs’ behaviour: spatial orientation, social interactions, sleep–wake cycles and house soiling. Using CADES, we identified various stages of cognitive impairment: mild cognitive impairment, moderate cognitive impairment and severe cognitive dysfunction. Further, we found that the rate of conversion at 6-months follow-up of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment was 42%, while conversion rate of mild to moderate cognitive impairment was 24%. At twelve months, the conversion rates almost doubled to 71.45% and 50%, respectively. These findings showed that CADES can be used as a predictor of conversion from normal ageing to mild, and from mild to moderate cognitive impairment. In regards to the four behavioural domains we found that impairment in social interaction was frequently present in dogs with mild cognitive impairment (40%), 67% of dogs with moderate cognitive impairment had affected social interaction and sleep–wake cycles. For severe cognitive dysfunction, the majority of dogs displayed impairment in all four domains, while other two subgroups showed impairment only in three domains. In this study, we have assessed the psychometric properties of the CADES scale, and validated it as a screening tool for CDS. The scale is also suitable for long-term assessment of the progression of cognitive impairment in canines, and potentially as efficacy readout for treatments.