The author of the present contribution manifests in several concise case studies the necessity of the critical revaluation os some contradictory personalities of European past (T. G. Masaryk, V. I. Lenin, Z. Nejedlý) and in the Czech-Russian context the stimuli of B. Palkovský and the Czech reflection od Soviet art after 1945. Palkovský‘s journey around the U.S.S.R. in the mid-1930s immediately after signing the first treaty of alliance with Czechoslovakia is especially stimulating manifesting the connection with the trends of that time in the perception of the general crisis of democracy and searching for the new forms of governance. The exhibition of Soviet visual art in Pragie in 1947 and the paradoxical conflict between the originally anti-Soviet conservatives and pro-Soviet avantgardists who simply exchanged their roles, shows a different way the Soviet régime took in the days of Stalin’s dictatorship. On the whole, the material demonstrates these phenomena to be extremely interesting not by only by themselves, but also from the methodological point of view.