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@article{1322323,
author = {Kubatka, Peter and Kapinová, Andrea and Kružliak, Peter and Kello, Martin and Výbohová, Desanka and Kajo, Karol and Novák, Miroslav and Chripková, Martina and Adamkov, Marián and Péč, Martin and Mojžiš, Ján and Bojková, Bianka and Kassayová, Monika and Stollárová, Nadežda and Dobrota, Dušan},
article_location = {New York},
article_number = {4},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.010},
keywords = {Mammary carcinogenesis; Rat; Chlorella; Angiogenesis; Apoptosis; Cell proliferation; MCF-7},
language = {eng},
issn = {0899-9007},
journal = {Nutrition},
title = {Antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the breast cancer model},
volume = {31},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1322323
AU - Kubatka, Peter - Kapinová, Andrea - Kružliak, Peter - Kello, Martin - Výbohová, Desanka - Kajo, Karol - Novák, Miroslav - Chripková, Martina - Adamkov, Marián - Péč, Martin - Mojžiš, Ján - Bojková, Bianka - Kassayová, Monika - Stollárová, Nadežda - Dobrota, Dušan
PY - 2015
TI - Antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the breast cancer model
JF - Nutrition
VL - 31
IS - 4
SP - 560-569
EP - 560-569
PB - Elsevier Science INC
SN - 08999007
KW - Mammary carcinogenesis
KW - Rat
KW - Chlorella
KW - Angiogenesis
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cell proliferation
KW - MCF-7
N2 - Objectives: There has been considerable interest in both clinical and preclinical research about the role of phytochemicals in the reduction of risk for cancer in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In this experiment, the antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the chemoprevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats were evaluated. Chlorella powder was administered through diet at concentrations of 0.3% and 3%. The experiment was terminated 14 wk after carcinogen administration. At autopsy, mammary tumors were removed and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay, parameters of apoptosis, and proliferation after chlorella treatment in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were carried out. Results: Basic parameters of experimental carcinogenesis, mechanism of action (biomarkers of apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis), chosen metabolic variables, and side effects after long-term chlorella treatment in animals were assessed. Chlorella at higher concentration suppressed tumor frequency by 61% (P < 0.02) and lengthened tumor latency by 12.5 d (P < 0.02) in comparison with the controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat tumor cells showed caspase-7 expression increase by 73.5% (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression decrease by 19% (P = 0.07) after chlorella treatment. In a parallel in vitro study, chlorella significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells, a significant increase in cells having sub-G(0)/G(1) DNA content and significant increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells after annexin V/PI staining assay were found. Decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species generation were observed in the chlorella-treated MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: This study is the first report on the antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ER -
KUBATKA, Peter, Andrea KAPINOVÁ, Peter KRUŽLIAK, Martin KELLO, Desanka VÝBOHOVÁ, Karol KAJO, Miroslav NOVÁK, Martina CHRIPKOVÁ, Marián ADAMKOV, Martin PÉČ, Ján MOJŽIŠ, Bianka BOJKOVÁ, Monika KASSAYOVÁ, Nadežda STOLLÁROVÁ and Dušan DOBROTA. Antineoplastic effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the breast cancer model. \textit{Nutrition}. New York: Elsevier Science INC, 2015, vol.~31, No~4, p.~560-569. ISSN~0899-9007. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.010.
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