Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor

KUMMEROVÁ, Marie, Štěpán ZEZULKA, Petr BABULA and Jan TŘÍSKA. Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV., 2016, vol. 302, January, p. 351-361. ISSN 0304-3894. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.057.

Basic information

• Original name: Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor
• Name in Czech: Možné ekologické riziko dvou léčiv diklofenaku a paracetamolu demonstrované na modelové rostlině Lemna minor
• Authors: KUMMEROVÁ, Marie (203 Czech Republic, guarantor, belonging to the institution), Štěpán ZEZULKA (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution), Petr BABULA (203 Czech Republic, belonging to the institution) and Jan TŘÍSKA (203 Czech Republic).
• Edition: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science BV. 2016, 0304-3894.

Other information

• Original language: English
• Type of outcome: Article in a journal
• Field of Study: 30105 Physiology
• Country of publisher: Netherlands
• Confidentiality degree: is not subject to a state or trade secret
• Impact factor: Impact factor: 6.065
• RIV identification code: RIV/00216224:14310/16:00089242
• Organization unit: Faculty of Science
• Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.057
• UT WoS: 000366225300041
• Keywords (in Czech): Diclofenac; Paracetamol; Lemna minor; Oxidativní stres; Antioxidační mechanismy
• Keywords in English: Diclofenac; Paracetamol; Lemna minor; Oxidative stress; Antioxidant mechanism
• Tags: AKR, EL OK, podil, rivok
• Tags: International impact, Reviewed

Abstract

Lemna minor is often used in environmental risk assessment and it can be supposed that usually evaluated parameters will be reliable even for assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals. Subtle changes in duckweed plant number, biomass production, and leaf area size induced by 10-day-exposure to diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) (0.1, 10, and 100 ug/L), excepting 100 ug/L DCF, are in contrast with considerable changes on biochemical and histochemical level. Both drugs caused a decrease in content of photosynthetic pigments (by up to 50%), an increase in non-photochemical quenching (by 65%) and decrease in relative chlorophyll fluorescence decay values (by up to 90% with DCF). Both DCF and especially PCT increased amount of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in roots. DCF-induced effects included mainly increased lipid peroxidation (by 78%), disturbation in membrane integrity and lowering both oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activities (by 30%). PCT increased the content of soluble proteins and phenolics. Higher concentrations of both DCF and PCT increased the levels of oxidised ascorbate (by 30%) and oxidised thiols (by up to 84% with DCF). Glutathion-reductase activity was elevated by both pharmaceuticals (nearly by 90%), glutathion-S-transferase activity increased mainly with PCT (by 22%). The early and sensitive indicators of DCF and PCT phytotoxicity stress in duckweed are mainly the changes in biochemical processes, connected with activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.

Abstract (in Czech)

Lemna minor je často využíván pro hodnocení environmentálních rizik a lze předpodkládat, že obvykle hodnocené parametry budou spolehlivé i pro hodnocení rizikovosti léčiv. Zanedbatelné změny v počtu rostlin, produkci biomasy a listové ploše indukované 10-denní expozicí diklofenakem (DCF) a paracetamolem (PCT) (0.1, 10, a 100 ug/L), kromě 100 ug/L DCF, jsou v kontrastu s významnými změnami na biochemické a histochemické úrovni. Obě léčiva způsobila pokles obsahu fotosyntetických pigmentů (až o 50%), zvýšení nefotochemického zhášení (o 65%) a pokles relativního poklesu fluorescence chlorofylu (až o 90% u DCF). Jak DCF, tak zejména PCT zvýšily obsah reaktivních forem dusíku a kyslíku v kořenech. Účinky indukované DCF zahrnovaly zejména zvýšenou peroxidaci lipidů (o 78%), narušení membránové integrity a snížení aktivity jak oxidoreduktáz, tak dehydrogenáz (o 30%). PCT zvýšil obsah rozpustných proteinů a fenolů. Vyšší koncentrace jak DCF, tak PCT zvýšily hladiny oxidovaného askorbátu (o 30%) a oxidovaných thiolů (až o 84% u DCF). Aktivita glutathion-reduktázy byla zvýšená oběma léčivy (téměř o 90%), aktivita glutathion-S-transferázy byla zvýšená při PCT (o 22%). Včasnými a citlivými indikátory fytotoxického stresu vlivem DCF a PCT u okřehku jsou hlavně změny v biochemických procesech, spojených s aktivací ochranných mechanismů proti oxidativnímu stresu.